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{"citationid":438071750,"citingcorpusid":691419,"citedcorpusid":265271,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["McKinney (2002) and Günter et al. (2009) also found that pioneer and barren-tolerable and drought-tolerable species tend to colonize disturbed sites.","Rapid urbanization has resulted in severe forest degradation and even total destruction worldwide (McKinney 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2435047907,"citingcorpusid":691419,"citedcorpusid":88587875,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It may contribute to the heavy metal hyperaccumulation in soil which influence the growth of plant by accumulating in roots, stems, leaves, and grain or even lead to the nutrients stress of plant and reduce plant species diversity (Farago 1994; KabataPendias 2004; Singh 2005; Zheng et al. 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3967095954,"citingcorpusid":253125913,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In an inappropriate remote working place, employees struggle with their ability to make decisions and to exercise a degree of discretion over the work to be accomplished; hence, they lose control of their work (Hackman and Oldham, 1980; Spector, 1986).","Consequently, in an inappropriate remote working place, employees struggled with their autonomy or ability to make decisions and to exercise a degree of discretion over the work to be accomplished; hence, they lost autonomy and control over their work (Hackman and Oldham, 1980; Spector, 1986)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2105897184,"citingcorpusid":154490882,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["All items were developed by Hackman and Oldham (1980) and revised by Idaszak and Drasgow (1987).","Many studies suggest that feedback and responsibility affect job satisfaction (Hackman & Oldham, 1980; Herzberg, Mausner, & Snyderman, 1959; Lundberg, Gudmundson, & Andersson, 2009; Price & Mueller, 1981)."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
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{"citationid":4021284047,"citingcorpusid":255102877,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Job Characteristics Scale (Hackman and Oldham 1980), adapted for\nvolunteering (we replaced the words ‘‘work’’ and ‘‘job’’ in each item with ‘‘voluntary activity’’)."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":1935521523,"citingcorpusid":44132146,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Oldham and Cummings (1996) found that the five core job characteristics (identified by job design theory; see Hackman & Oldham, 1980) predicted individual innovation at work."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2443882651,"citingcorpusid":154879471,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The items used are somehow similar to those developed by Hackman and Oldham (1980) in their job design model, and similar items are used in relation to public organizations (Robertson, 1995).","Job complexity is also a traditional explanation of job satisfaction which is related to some of the aspects in the classical job design model (Hackman & Oldham, 1980), for instance, skill variety."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2120379893,"citingcorpusid":143072904,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Task design represents what the group is attempting to accomplish (Hackman & Oldham, 1980)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3387442774,"citingcorpusid":14781855,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["After that, correlation tests were conducted to see the relationship strength between employee satisfaction variables and the employee loyalty components as characterized earlier.","Similarly, employee needs and wants are satisfied when they perceive that rewards from the organization (e.g. pay, promotion, recognition, personal growth, meaningful work) meet or exceed their expectations (Hackman and Oldham, 1980; Locke, 1976)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1816214449,"citingcorpusid":147283503,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This intrinsic motivational potential of job resources is also recognized by job characteristics theory (Hackman & Oldham, 1980).","In turn, employees may become more committed and engaged in their job, because they derive fulfilment from it (Hackman & Oldham, 1980)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":123781762,"citingcorpusid":15448944,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[25,13,24,14,9], for an elaborate overview, see [1].","This definition not only applies to increase in expertise, but also refers to the increase in motivation, since motivation and performance are positively correlated [9].","Motivation may also change during the performance of the task, for instance due to effects of boredom, especially in the case of tasks that are highly repetitive [13,9].","An important characteristic of the actions which a task consists of with respect to task performance is repetitivity [9]."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1570236780,"citingcorpusid":115872754,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For teams to be effective, its members should find their work motivating (Hackman and Oldham, 1980)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3873927112,"citingcorpusid":112675122,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The job characteristics model by Hackman and Oldham (1980) asserted that increases in skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback enriches jobs and increases employees’ experienced job meaningfulness."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2814795732,"citingcorpusid":16769887,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This, according to the Job Characteristics Model of Hackman and Oldham (1980), will affect the quality of working life in a positive way and enhance the motivation of workers, and thus is likely also to contribute to performance."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2105811736,"citingcorpusid":154024414,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Lasting ways of employee involvement – understood as ‘everyday participation’ – are given by concepts based on research results by Herzberg (1974) or Hackman and Oldham (1980), who found out that the work content has a great motivation potential.","These results are quite similar to earlier findings, for example by Herzberg et al. (1967) or Hackman and Oldham (1980)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":1932803229,"citingcorpusid":140505330,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(Hackman & Oldham, 1976, 1980)\nCultural Sensitivity A set of attitudes, practices and/or policies that respects and accepts cultural differences."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":831613125,"citingcorpusid":17217020,"citedcorpusid":33964254,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Estimates for survival following smoking-related diseases were derived from published sources of data collected in Japan (MI [33, 34], stroke [33], COPD [35], and lung, stomach and hepatic cancer [36]).","The predictors of relapse in the first year include age, measures of smoking history (e.g. number of years smoked), frequent contact with smokers and a history of COPD [16].","Six smoking-related diseases are considered in this simulation: myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, COPD, lung cancer, stomach cancer and hepatic cancer.","been previously published [16], two additional diseases associated with smoking (stomach cancer and hepatic","In this simulation, an individual’s age and duration of abstinence directly impact the risk of developing the six smoking-related diseases; however, the potential impact of abstinence on the progression of a complication (e.g. the effect of abstinence\non the progression of COPD) is not captured.","Acknowledgments This model was based on a discrete-event simulation framework developed for a US model that has been modified to include additional smoking-related diseases, and reflect cessation attempts in Japan [16].","The important exceptions to note are that the equations used to estimate success and relapse rates in the year following initiation of a quit attempt with varenicline or NRT were unchanged from the earlier publication (these were derived from an analysis of five clinical trials [16]) and were assumed to apply in Japan.","The functions developed to estimate the outcome of a quit attempt with varenicline or NRT and also a relapse in the first year are based on five 52-week varenicline clinical trials and have been previously published [16] (details of the logistic regression to estimate quit attempt outcome are in ESM Table S3).","Older former smokers are at lower risk of relapse, but starting smoking at an older age increases the risk to relapse, as do smoking for a longer time and at a higher frequency or COPD.","%) with varenicline had a larger impact on the health outcomes predicted, with mean LYs gained per patient ranging from 0.11 to 0.37, and\nResults for the market mix scenario are presented in absolute terms, while results for varenicline are presented as the difference from the market mix strategy\n¥ Japanese yen, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, MI myocardial infarction, QALYs quality-adjusted life-years\ndiscounted QALYs gained from 0.04 to 0.12.","In order to implement these functions, the relative risks for current versus non-smokers for each of the smoking-related diseases and also the hazards for Japanese non-smokers (never smokers) were derived from published sources (MI [27], stroke [27], COPD [29], lung cancer [30–32], stomach cancer [30, 32] and hepatic cancer [30]).","functions to estimate the treatment efficacy and to predict relapse have been previously published [16].","This study was conducted using a previously published model developed for the USA with appropriate modifications to reflect the smoking-related co-morbidities, interventions used, population characteristics, quit attempt behaviour and mortality for Japan [16, 17].","The utility assigned is the minimum of the individual’s age-dependent utility [16] (see ESM for more details) and the utility associated with any of the smokingrelated diseases that the individual has experienced up to that point in time.","The values for stroke and COPD were obtained from studies conducted in Japan, but other values were from a survey in Korea (2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [38]) and the age-dependent decline was from a study in the USA (2000–2002 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey [39]) as there were no data identified from studies conducted in Japan.","Each simulated individual carries a risk profile that includes age, sex, race, medical history (history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] or cardiovascular disease), smoking history (years smoked, age started, reported average number of cigarettes per day in the past month, reported average number of cigarettes per day since start of smoking), quit attempt history (longest period of abstinence in past year, prior unassisted/medical/non-medical assisted quit attempt, number of prior quit attempts), Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score and whether there is frequent contact with a smoker.","number of years smoked), frequent contact with smokers and a history of COPD [16].","The cessation strategy for subsequent quit attempts is estimated, conditional on each individual’s quit attempt history profile (number of prior attempts and previous cessation strategies), by applying a function derived from the same web-based survey of current and former\n¥ Japanese yen, BMT behavioural modification therapy, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVD cardiovascular disease, FTND Fagerström test for nicotine dependence, MI myocardial infarction, NRT nicotine replacement therapy, SD standard deviation\nsmokers (parameter estimates are provided in ESM Table S1)."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],null,["methodology"],["result"],["methodology"],null,null,null,["background"],["methodology"],["background"],null,null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":3833764494,"citingcorpusid":230590833,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["D’autre part, l’enrichissement du travail d’une façon consistante est significativement lié à un large sceptre de comportements au travail (Hackman & Oldham, 1980)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2421881643,"citingcorpusid":146453135,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Second, the beneficial effects of providing job incumbents control over which tasks to perform may also be explained on the basis of job design (Hackman and Oldham, 1980) and person-job (PJ) fit (Kristof, 1996) theories.","For example, the job design literature (e.g. Hackman and Oldham, 1980) consistently shows that to the degree that jobs are restructured to afford employees greater autonomy, they are likely to generate enhanced employee attitudes, motivation and effort."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1003059969,"citingcorpusid":81558368,"citedcorpusid":13008704,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["been also widely investigated for cartilage repair implanted with chondrocytes [139-154], periosteal cells [155], bone marrow stromal cells [156], adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells [157], and bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells [158]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1003060520,"citingcorpusid":81558368,"citedcorpusid":22547670,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Chondrocytes in each layer are surrounded circumferentially by a 2-3 μm-thick pericellular matrix that is rich in hyaluronan, type II, VI, IX and XI collagen and proteoglycans such as aggrecan, decorin and biglycan [49-51]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1609937925,"citingcorpusid":152247871,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These dimensions were measured using the Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS; Hackman & Oldham, 1980)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1906013923,"citingcorpusid":143700672,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…et al.\nstress (Locke and Taylor 1990, Elangovan et al. 2010), organizational identification (Dutton et al. 1994, Pratt et al. 2006), career development (Dik and Duffy 2009, Dobrow 2012), individual performance (Hackman and Oldham 1980, Wrzesniewski 2003), and personal fulfillment (Kahn 2007).","This includes work motivation (Hackman and Oldham 1980, Roberson 1·990, Grant 2007, Grant and Parker 2009), absenteeism (Wrzesniewski ,et al. 1997), turnover intention (Cameron et·al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3387620420,"citingcorpusid":17898388,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Secondly, empowerment was measured using 10 items that were modified from empowerment literature (Ashforth, 1989; Hackman & Oldham, 1980; Jones, 1986; Tymon, 1988)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2777157592,"citingcorpusid":56341874,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We assessed overall employee job satisfaction (1¼ strongly disagree; 7¼ strongly agree) with three items from the short form of the Job Diagnostic Survey (Hackman & Oldham, 1980)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3863913990,"citingcorpusid":141933189,"citedcorpusid":27980129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…tem para as necessidades dos membros da equipa, bem-estar pessoal e crescimento dos membros da equipa; 3) e da capacidade dos membros trabalharem juntos no futuro, de forma interdependente, tendo em conta os processos utilizados para realizar o trabalho (Hackman & Oldham, 1980; Hackman, 1990).","…com a eficácia da equipa,\nnomeadamente, o nível de esforço com que os membros realizam a tarefa, o conhecimento e as competências utilizadas na realização da tarefa, e a adequabilidade das estratégias utilizadas pelos membros para realizar a tarefa (Hackman & Oldham, 1980; Hackman, 1990)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4017048883,"citingcorpusid":254975855,"citedcorpusid":56556113,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, typical simple reaction times identified in these studies (Luce, 1991; Welford, 1980) are roughly comparable to the time to inhibit an action (He et al., 2021; Leunissen et al., 2017; Logan and Cowan, 1984; Matzke et al., 2021), with both typically around 200 – 250 ms.","However, typical 252 simple reaction times identified in these studies (Luce, 1991; Welford, 1980) are roughly 253 comparable to the time to inhibit an action (He et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":477127908,"citingcorpusid":53351833,"citedcorpusid":16457441,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The basic principle of loose coupling is to reduce the assumption that two parties (components, applications, services, programs, users) exchange information with one another (Fowler, 2003).","The main elements of design patterns are typical and effective development solutions which relate to one or more regularly occurring problems (Fowler, 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":814465096,"citingcorpusid":14112214,"citedcorpusid":15177006,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Fear is the fundamental driver of (Rogers, 1983) the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and has recently been studied in the fi eld of behavioral InfoSec domain (Herath and Rao, 2009b; I fi nedo, 2012; Johnston and Warkentin, 2010; Liang and Xue, 2010; Posey et al., 2011).","InfoSec training aimed at creating awareness (Bulgurcu et al., 2010; D ’ Arcy et al., 2009; Herath and Rao, 2009a; Straub and Welke, 1998; Straub and Nance, 1990), deterrence (D ’ Arcy and Herath, 2011) and neutralization (Siponen and Vance, 2010) may not be applicable and effective for averting…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":819429600,"citingcorpusid":47015042,"citedcorpusid":84724207,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In bees such as bumblebees, honeybees, and stingless bees, the males illustrate this point well, because they are morphologically and behaviourally suited to collaborate in few of the major activities that are beneficial to their nests (Starr 1985)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1790498468,"citingcorpusid":211002065,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Urban development and sports stadia in the UK Environment and Planning A, volume 33, (5) May, 845 - 861\nL & R Leisure (1999) Big Pit Mining Museum: Market Assessment Report for Big Pit Mining Museum, Blaenavon\nOffice for National Statistics (1999) Input-Output Supply and Use Tables for the UK, 1997 HMSO, London\nMordue, T. (1999) Heartbeat Country: Conflicting Values, coinciding visions Environment and Planning A, 31 (4) pp 629-646\nParlett, G., Fletcher, J. & Cooper, C. (1995) The impact of tourism on the Old Town of Edinburgh Tourism Management, 16 (5) pp 355-360\nPropst, D., Stynes, D., Chang, W-H and Jackson, R (1998) Estimating the local economic impacts of recreation at Corps of Engineers projects - 1996\" Technical Report R-98-1, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg MS\nSmith, M. & Krannich R. (1997) Tourism Dependence and Resident Attitudes Annals of Tourism Research 25 (4), 783-802\nUK Tourist Boards (1999) The United Kingdom Tourist Statistics, 1998 joint publication: English Tourism Council, Northern Ireland Tourist Board, Scottish Tourist Board, Wales Tourist Board\nWales Tourist Board (2000) The Economic Impact of the 1999 Rugby World Cup: Main Report Wales Tourist Board, Cardiff\nWales Tourist Board (2001) A Tourism Impact and Planning Model for Wales: Draft Final Report Internal Report\nWelsh Economy Research Unit (2001a) Blaenavon Economic Impact Study: The Blaenavon Industrial Landscape Report for Torfaen County Borough Council, National Museums & Galleries of Wales and Welsh Development Agency: www.weru.org.uk\nWelsh Economy Research Unit (2001b) The Business of Jazz: the economic impact of Brecon Jazz 2000 Welsh Economy Research Unit, Cardiff www.weru.org.uk","More information can be obtained from the Welsh Economy Research Unit (www.weru.org.uk), or from the Wales Tourist Board (www.wtbonline.gov.u.k).","However, where tourism can be identified as a primary economic driver this may cause hostility in areas formerly dependent upon agricultural (or indeed industrial) production (see Smith & Krannich, 1997 for a US example).","16 Welsh Economy Research Unit (2001a) Blaenavon Economic Impact Study: The Blaenavon Industrial Landscape Report for Torfaen County Borough Council, National Museums & Galleries of Wales and Welsh Development Agency: www.","Financing for the event is provided through a mixture of ticket sales and sponsorship, with the overwhelming proportion of visitors from outside the area ensuring a large net expenditure effect on the locality: indeed of half of attendees are from outside Wales itself (Welsh Economy Research Unit, 2001b).","It may be that the provision of higher value products may be inappropriate for local residents with weak purchasing power, and the economic benefits must in this case be weighed against any costs to residents (Smith & Krannich, 1997).","& Krannich R. (1997) Tourism Dependence and Resident Attitudes Annals of Tourism Research 25 (4), 783-802",", Chang, W-H and Jackson, R (1998) Estimating the local economic impacts of recreation at Corps of Engineers projects - 1996\" Technical Report R-98-1, U.","The main tables were developed as part of an on-going research project at the Welsh Economy Research Unit.","Agriculture and Food Processing £36,000 £4,000 <1 Manufacturing/Construction £74,000 £8,000 <1 Retail & Distribution £139,000 £41,000 4 Accommodation £158,000 £49,000 7 Restaurants & Bars £113,000 £24,000 4 Transport etc. £38,000 £9,000 <1 Financial & Professional Services £215,000 £40,000 3 Recreation & Tourist Attractions £39,000 £12,000 1 Public sector & Other services £96,000 £31,000 3 All Industries £907,000 £217,000 23 Multiplier (Total/Initial spend) 1.49 1.37 1.28 Source: WERU (2001b)","Currently, the retail and hospitality offer locally is extremely poor with little prospect of levering off-site spend, and the same is true of local services in general (Welsh Economy Research Unit, 2001a).","Welsh Economy Research Unit (2001b) The Business of Jazz: the economic impact of Brecon Jazz 2000 Welsh Economy Research Unit, Cardiff www.","L & R Leisure (1999) Big Pit Mining Museum: Market Assessment Report for Big Pit Mining Museum, Blaenavon"],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],null,null,["background"],["background"],null,null,null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":814465388,"citingcorpusid":14112214,"citedcorpusid":17310387,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…for three reasons: (a) the attacker is human and, therefore, utilizes motivation, creativity, and ingenuity, (b) the attacker has limitless and authorized access of the target, (c) all types of defense stand up to a determined attacker till a certain period of time (Collberg et al., 2011).","The former researches' focus, which is predominantly based on providing technical solutions to protect against MATE attacks (Collberg et al., 2011; Falcarin et al., 2011; Gu et al., 2011; Jakubowski et al., 2011).","They have full access to a machine, including arbitrary ability to observe and modify code and data and can debug and patch code, modify data at runtime, hook APIs, read and alter fi les, change system binaries, etc. (b ) Sly and motivated RMATE : they are highly intelligent but may have inadequate information of the different parts of the system yet have access to reasonably sophisticated tools.","From this perspective, insider attacks are a particularly insidious form of MATE attack since the adversary is considered to be a trusted individual within an organization and has authorized access to ensure certain activities (Collberg et al., 2011; Jang-Jaccard and Nepal, 2014).","Moreover, MATE attacks by de fi nition require a certain level of skills and expertise (Collberg et al., 2011; Falcarin et al., 2011; Jakubowski et al., 2011) in order to compromise software or hardware under their own control, whereas a simple human error causing a threat or visiting a malicious…","Such MATE attackers are partially trusted and might have the capability to conceal their tracks, for instance, by modifying log fi les, which makes such attacks particularly even more challenging to counter (Collberg et al., 2011).","Due to the powerful attacks launched in a MATE scenario, we typically do not expect any technique in SP to hold off an attack for an inde fi nite period of time (Collberg et al., 2011).","The key task for DAPA is to create awareness of the seriousness of MATE attacks among politicians, software developers, government agencies, and the general public (Collberg et al., 2011).","…who try to break into software systems; however, these typical approaches do not help in defending software systems when the attacker is MATE (Ceccato et al., 2013) and it is equally hard to de fi ne and measure the MATE attacker's capabilities (Collberg et al., 2011; Falcarin et al., 2011).","The complexity of MATE attacks, which is difficult to analyze, model, and evaluate predominantly for three reasons: (a) the attacker is human and, therefore, utilizes motivation, creativity, and ingenuity, (b) the attacker has limitless and authorized access of the target, (c) all types of defense stand up to a determined attacker till a certain period of time (Collberg et al., 2011).","Due to the powerful attacks launched in a MATE scenario, we typically do not expect any technique in SP to hold off an attack for an indefinite period of time (Collberg et al., 2011).","Moreover, MATE attacks by definition require a certain level of skills and expertise (Collberg et al., 2011; Falcarin et al., 2011; Jakubowski et al., 2011) in order to compromise software or hardware under their own control, whereas a simple human error causing a threat or visiting a malicious website is also considered as an insider threat (Greitzer et al.","Such MATE attackers are partially trusted and might have the capability to conceal their tracks, for instance, by modifying log files, which makes such attacks particularly even more challenging to counter (Collberg et al., 2011).",", 2013) and it is equally hard to define and measure the MATE attacker's capabilities (Collberg et al., 2011; Falcarin et al., 2011).","MATE attacks, therefore, essentially encompass an adversary gaining an advantage by violating software or hardware under their control, directly or via a remote connection also known as Remote Man-At-The-End (RMATE) (Collberg, 2011; Collberg et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2788119045,"citingcorpusid":84156469,"citedcorpusid":34112575,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…from leafy portions of Artemisia annua L. in 1972\nhas led to further trial for identifying other medicinal corn-\npounds of potential as antimalarial agents from natural\nproducts (Iwu et al., 1986; Ajaiyeoba et al., 1999; Isaka et al., 1999; Rahman et al., 1999; Boonlaksiri et al., 2000).","Recently, the evaluation of antimalarial activity of medicinal plants against malaria was extensively studied, and various active natural plant products were discovered (Iwu et al., 1986; Ajaiyeoba et al., 1999; Rahman et al., 1999; Boonlaksiri et al., 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1074471646,"citingcorpusid":55855337,"citedcorpusid":29306425,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSEs), which appear at high-latitudes under very low temperature near the mesopause in summer, have been well investigated using VHF-UHF radars at northern high-latitudes (see reviews by Cho and Kelley, 1993; Cho and Röttger, 1997)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2382075026,"citingcorpusid":220494103,"citedcorpusid":7972676,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["To reduce the cycle-skipping, we followed the strategy of Bunks et al. (1995) and Sirgue & Pratt (2004) and performed the multiscale approach of successive inversion starting at 0.2 MHz and increasing the frequency content up to 1 MHz."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":851216834,"citingcorpusid":13772839,"citedcorpusid":11725958,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recent research on the molecular biology of GIST has found that 90% of adult patients has activating mutations in the KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) genes [8, 9]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1104007718,"citingcorpusid":118370816,"citedcorpusid":16483538,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["4M ⊙ [19]. A nearer cluster at 16.5 Mpc is the Virgo cluster with over two thousand galaxies and whose mass ∼ 1015M ⊙ is also dominated by dark matter, as well as a small amount of X-ray emitting gas [20,21]. A proof of the existence (if more were needed) of cluster dark matter was provided by the Bullet cluster collision where the distinct behaviors of the X-ray emitting gas which collides, and the dark"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2247148627,"citingcorpusid":119231866,"citedcorpusid":16483538,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We use vVirgo = 1138 km s −1 and\nσv=544 km s −1 as found by Mei et al. (2007)."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2671638726,"citingcorpusid":125065544,"citedcorpusid":16483538,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["† Absolute magnitudes have been derived using the SBF distances from Mei et al. (2007) and Blakeslee et al. (2008, in preparation).","Details of our implementation of this technique were given in Mei et al. (2005ab) and, in Mei et al. (2007), Virgo’s three-dimensional structure was studied using distances with a mean random uncertainty of 0.07 mag (0.5 Mpc) for 84 galaxies."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3393138447,"citingcorpusid":236365401,"citedcorpusid":7972676,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Among them, the multiscale strategy aims at improving the resolution gradually by introducing progressively the high-frequency components (Bunks et al., 1995; Sirgue and Pratt, 2004; Li et al., 2018)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2628634263,"citingcorpusid":17915272,"citedcorpusid":16483538,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In this paper we assume a distance to the source of D = 16.5 Mpc corresponding to the mean\nof the Virgo Cluster (Mei et al. 2007) and a scale of 4.9 kpc per arcminute.","VIRGOHI 21 lies about 1 Mpc to the NW of the center of the Virgo Cluster at\nR.A.=12h17m53.","Hi surveys of the Virgo Cluster (Davies et al. 2004, 2006; Minchin et al. 2005, 2007;\nHaynes et al. 2007) have revealed a remarkable Hi cloud, VIRGOHI 21, with apparent evidence of rotation yet unaccompanied by any optical emission."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,null]}
{"citationid":2593248814,"citingcorpusid":118335173,"citedcorpusid":16483538,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…show that an aging stellar population continues to become redder with\n3 Unfortunately, good-quality individual distances from surface brightness fluctuations (Mei et al. 2007) are only available for 3 slow and 2 fast galaxies.\ntime in NUV −r, while it reaches a more or less constant FUV − r value."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2434183485,"citingcorpusid":118354954,"citedcorpusid":16483538,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Objects in the CARMA ATLAS3D sample have total absolute K-band magnitudes ranging from MK = −21.57 to −25.09, and distances from 13.4 to 45.8 Mpc.3 Six of the 30 galaxies belong to the Virgo cluster.","IC 719 does show ordered rotation in its stellar component,\n3 UGC 05408 was kept in the ATLAS3D survey because its estimated distance is within 42 Mpc when errors in the distance estimate are taken into account (Paper I).","It is also quite possible that the slightly higher detection rate of R and B+R structures in Virgo with respect to the field galaxies is due to a spatial resolution effect, as Virgo galaxies are closer on average (D ≈ 16.5 Mpc; Mei et al. 2007) than the field galaxies in the sample (D ≈ 28 Mpc).","Name α δ vsys i φmol d Virgo (J2000) (J2000) (km s−1) (◦) (◦) (Mpc) membership\nIC 676 11 12 39.84 +09 03 20.7 1429 69 16.5 24.6 0 IC 719 11 40 18.52 +09 00 35.6 1833 74 229.0 29.4 0 IC 1024 14 31 27.07 +03 00 30.0 1479 72 24.5 24.2 0 NGC 1222 03 08 56.76 −02 57 19.3 2422 41 33.0a 33.3 0 NGC 1266 03 16 00.79 −02 25 38.6 2170 26 270 29.9 0 NGC 2764 09 08 17.44 +21 26 35.8 2706 65 202.5 39.6 0 NGC 2824 09 19 02.22 +26 16 12.3 2758 61 161.5 40.7 0 NGC 3182 10 19 33.02 +58 12 21.0 2118 35 331.5 34.0 0 NGC 3607 11 16 54.54 +18 03 07.1 942 34 302.5 22.2 0 NGC 3619 11 19 21.60 +57 45 28.3 1560 48 74.5 26.8 0 NGC 3626 11 20 03.78 +18 21 25.6 1486 67 169.5 19.5 0 NGC 3665 11 24 43.64 +38 45 46.2 2069 64 219.5 33.1 0 NGC 4119 12 08 09.60 +10 22 44.7 1656 69 296.0 16.5 1 NGC 4150 12 10 33.65 +30 24 05.5 208 54 146.0 13.4 0 NGC 4324 12 23 06.17 +05 15 02.8 1665 62 232.0 16.5 1 NGC 4429 12 27 26.56 +11 06 27.3 1104 68 82.0 16.5 1 NGC 4435 12 27 40.49 +13 04 44.3 791 52 201.0 16.7 1 NGC 4694 12 48 15.10 +10 59 01.3 1171 69 155.5 16.5 1 NGC 4710 12 49 39.36 +15 10 11.7 1102 86 207.0 16.5 1 NGC 4753 12 52 22.07 −01 11 57.9 1163 75 93.0 22.9 0 NGC 5173 13 28 25.29 +46 35 29.9 2424 24 100a 38.4 0 NGC 5379 13 55 34.35 +59 44 34.3 1774 64 66 30.0 0 NGC 5866 15 06 29.60 +55 45 48.0 755 89 127 14.9 0 NGC 6014 15 55 57.39 +05 55 54.7 2381 22 139.5 35.8 0 NGC 7465 23 02 00.96 +15 57 53.3 1960 70 106.0 29.3 0 PGC 029321 10 05 51.18 +12 57 40.7 2816 38 76 40.9 0 PGC 058114 16 26 04.29 +02 54 23.6 1507 71 94.5 23.8 0 UGC 05408 10 03 51.86 +59 26 10.2 2998 31 315a 45.8 0 UGC 06176 11 07 24.68 +21 39 25.6 2677 68 201.0 40.1 0 UGC 09519 14 46 21.12 +34 22 14.2 1631 41 177.5 27.6 0 NGC 2697b 08 54 59.40 −02 59 15.2 1814c 30 301.5 22.0 0 NGC 4292b 12 21 16.49 +04 35 44.3 2258c 50 230 29.8 0\naNot originally in Davis et al. (2011a, hereafter Paper V). bRemoved from the ATLAS3D sample, but the CO data are presented in Appendix C. cFrom the HYPERLEDA catalogue, due to the absence of SAURON data.","…CO inclination angle, from Paper V; (6) kinematic position angle of the molecular gas, from Paper X; (7) average distance to each galaxy, from Paper I, originally from Tonry et al. (2001) and Mei et al. (2007); (8) Virgo membership of each galaxy, from Paper I.\nobserved by Welch & Sage (2003).","The ATLAS3D sample is a complete, volume-limited sample of 260 local ETGs brighter than MK = −21.5, covering distances to 42 Mpc with some restrictions on declination and Galactic latitude (Cappellari et al. 2011, hereafter Paper I)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":2305621066,"citingcorpusid":119111861,"citedcorpusid":16483538,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This gives a distance modulus DM = 30.99 ± 0.14, or DL = 15.79 ± 1.04 Mpc, in very good agreement with other measurements of M87’s distance modulus (e.g., Ferrarese et al. 2000; Mei et al. 2007)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":2445213637,"citingcorpusid":119119442,"citedcorpusid":16483538,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The Virgo cluster of galaxies situated at a distance of 16.5 Mpc (Mei et al. 2007) is the nearest cluster with an angular diameter of the virial core of ∼12◦."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2326242827,"citingcorpusid":118529680,"citedcorpusid":16483538,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["We adopt a distance modulus for the Virgo cluster of 31.14± 0.05 mag as in Mei et al. (2007)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2255551972,"citingcorpusid":119102724,"citedcorpusid":16483538,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Note that the metallicity of the Virgo cluster at the same radius from M87 was also reported to be Z ∼ 0.3Z⊙ (Urban et al. 2011; Ehlert et al. 2013).","Since the distance between M86 and M87 is 350 kpc in projection, the crossing time is\ntcross >∼ 2R\nv ∼ 4× 108 [y].","On the other hand, the redshift of M87 is z = 0.004283±0.000017, and it is going away from us with the line-of-sight velocity of 1284±5 km s−1.","◦26, or about 350 kpc in projection, from the Virgo cluster center M87.","It is also reported that M86 is only about 1 Mpc more distance\nthan M87 (Mei et al. 2007)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3149375624,"citingcorpusid":226226942,"citedcorpusid":88522999,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The literature on interference is concerned with spillover, or indirect, effects of treatments assigned to individuals in violation of the stable unit treatment value assumption (Rosenbaum, 2007; Hudgens and Halloran, 2008; Tchetgen Tchetgen and VanderWeele, 2012; Aronow and Samii, 2017; Vazquez-Bare, 2017; Sävje et al., 2017; Sävje, 2019; Basse et al., 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3314500062,"citingcorpusid":233384996,"citedcorpusid":146810703,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Besides the quantitative variations in the water cycle, water quality issues may also arise in the regions affected by climate change due to the increase in the number of extreme events such as wildfires, heat waves, floods and droughts (Balocchi et al. 2020; Fan & Shibata, 2015; Hohner et al. 2019; Loiselle et al. 2020; Rozemeijer et al. 2021; Smith et al. 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1897621822,"citingcorpusid":11318715,"citedcorpusid":37313027,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ing platelet agglutination (13-15), suppressing PMNs-endothelial adhesion (16), preventing of cytokine production (17, 18), and augmenting tissue blood flow (19, 20)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3871812768,"citingcorpusid":150548276,"citedcorpusid":220636735,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The area quickly became an enclave of Slovak migrants, developing in the midst of heavy eastern European migration to the area (Finnerty et al 2005) as well as housing influenced by industrialists aiming to keep the varying ethnic immigrants to the area separated (Safford 2009).","Third, with its location in the Midwest and a history of strained racial and ethnic tensions (Safford 2009), it would be reasonable to expect race relations and levels of residential segregation similar to larger counterparts like Cleveland and Detroit."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":3823808833,"citingcorpusid":244619128,"citedcorpusid":109729142,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Standards such as ISO 14072, 14040, 14044 and BS PAS 2050 do exist (ISO, 2006a and b, 2014BSI 2011)."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":863901102,"citingcorpusid":1875909,"citedcorpusid":14757159,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 1993), the observation that some cell types assemble spindles in the absence of conventional centrosomes (Szollosi et al., 1972; Brenner et al., 1977; Keyer et al., 1984; Mazia, 1984; Bastmeyer et al., 1986; Steffen et al. 1986; Theurkauf and Hawley, 1992; Rieder et al., 1993; Schatten, 1994; Debec et al., 1995; McKim and Hawley, 1995; Vernos and Karsenti, 1995; de Saint Phalle and Sullivan, 1998), and that microtubule organization at spindle poles requires several noncentrosomal structural and motor proteins (Verde et al.","…Mastronarde et al., 1993), the observation that some cell types assemble spindles in the absence of conventional centrosomes (Szollosi et al., 1972; Brenner et al., 1977; Keyer et al., 1984; Mazia, 1984; Bastmeyer et al., 1986; Steffen et al. 1986; Theurkauf and Hawley, 1992; Rieder et al., 1993;…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4087816812,"citingcorpusid":257512089,"citedcorpusid":247597659,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The most relevant with ours lying in the signal processing field [31], [32], [33], [34] is MDA tools [35], [36], [37], [38].","Pan et al. [36] develop a general deep learning-based TFA tool called the TFA-Net."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":327847058,"citingcorpusid":2789247,"citedcorpusid":15946842,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As such, neurons first elaborate leading and trailing processes in a bipolar migratory phase, transform into a multipolar morphology during a period of growth arrest upon reaching the subventricular zone, and then again restructure to attain a bipolar morphology as a new leading process extends and becomes the apical dendrite while the trailing process (formerly the leading process) becomes the axon (Noctor et al., 2004; LoTurco and Bai, 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3226831442,"citingcorpusid":227275247,"citedcorpusid":202539592,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Their speed can be drastically increased with explicit feature maps (Kriege et al. , 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2596134201,"citingcorpusid":22765605,"citedcorpusid":85722237,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The extent of up-regulation observed in these models (two- to three-fold; this study and [48]), although statistically significant, was moderate and its biological significance therefore perhaps remains limited, explaining the similar responses in wild-type and Vegf-dnull mice in these particular models.","As VEGF-D induced lymphatic hyperplasia in neonatal skin [45] and VEGF-D expression was elevated during healing of skin wounds [48], the lymphangiogenic response after skin wounding was analysed; however, no genotypic differences in the rate of healing and development of lymph vessels were observed.","As a first approach, we evaluated skin wound healing, as VEGF-D expression was reported to be enhanced in healing skin wounds in mice [48]."],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2596134219,"citingcorpusid":22765605,"citedcorpusid":34195181,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Neutralization experiments indicate that VEGF-D is involved in pathological conditions in the adult [18,25,55], supporting the concept that its role might be more disease-related.","Conversely, inhibition of VEGF-C/D signalling via their receptor VEGFR-3 blocks tumour (lymph)angiogenesis and metastasis in cancer or lymphangiogenesis in corneal inflammation [5,11,23,25,29]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3932378718,"citingcorpusid":59169416,"citedcorpusid":51498637,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Haubrich and Lo (2001) point to the possibility that production shocks follow a fractionally integrated process generating long-run dependence in output.","Haubrich and Lo (2001) argue instead that macroeconomic variables behave as a hybrid between random walk and white noise processes.","On the whole, the UK real GDP series appears to be characterised by long memory, nonstationarity and non-mean-reverting behaviour, as also found by Haubrich and Lo (2001) and Blanchard and Quah (1993)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":956434409,"citingcorpusid":55394442,"citedcorpusid":126732673,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The most common system is the ecological stratifi cation system, which divides the country into hierarchically-nested units of ecozones, ecosystems, and ecodistricts based on a combination of vegetation and topographical patt erns (Wiken 1986; Ecological Stratifi cation Working Group 1996)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2224464217,"citingcorpusid":29190331,"citedcorpusid":16247570,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A sub-population of INF2 is also enriched near the Golgi, but this localization is mostly unaffected by treatment with drugs affecting microtubules (Ramabhadran et al., 2011).","Moreover, the ability of overexpressed FHDC1 to induce Golgi dispersal depends on its MTBD, as well as an intact FH2 domain, but\ncan be blocked by Latrunculin B (Copeland et al., 2016).","This correlates with the known enrichment of acetylated microtubules in the Golgiderived microtubule network (Chabin-Brion et al., 2001; Thyberg & Moskalewski, 1993).","For example, mammalian FHDC1 localizes near the Golgi ribbon in cultured cells, in association with Golgi-derived microtubules (Copeland, Thurston, & Copeland, 2016; Young et al., 2008).","These results suggest FHDC1 affects Golgi organization through interactions with both the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons.","Moreover, knockdown of INF2 also causes Golgi dispersal, but this is blocked with Latrunculin B, suggesting that INF2 maintains Golgi structure by opposing some other actin-dependent event (Ramabhadran et al., 2011).","Either knockdown or overexpression of FHDC1 results in fragmentation and dispersal of the Golgi (Copeland et al., 2016)."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2235946705,"citingcorpusid":133679142,"citedcorpusid":84454936,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["More commonly, tidal marshes act as oxygen sinks due to the net heterotrophy that is typical of tidal marsh soils and creek beds [Cai et al., 1999; Caffrey, 2004; Buzzelli et al., 2007; Baumann et al., 2015].","In such cases, DO dynamics can be dominated by tidal, rather than diurnal, cycles [Kemp and Boynton, 1980; Timmerman and Chapman, 2004; Baumann et al., 2015], which reflects fundamental differences in the balance of biological, physical, and biogeochemical processes that operate in the two domains.","For example, the influence of flood tides as a source of oxygenrich water to tidal creeks from adjacent estuaries is most pronounced in summer when primary productivity is high [Caraco and Cole, 2002; Baumann et al., 2015], in which case tidal creek DO will rise dramatically with increasing tidal stage.","…the influence of flood tides as a source of oxygenrich water to tidal creeks from adjacent estuaries is most pronounced in summer when primary productivity is high [Caraco and Cole, 2002; Baumann et al., 2015], in which case tidal creek DO will rise dramatically with increasing tidal stage.","Stage, river DO, and salinity were selected based on previous observations of the stage-DO relationship [Timmerman and Chapman, 2004; Buzzelli et al., 2007; Baumann et al., 2015], as well as the role that tidal water import/export plays in explaining DO trends [Baumann et al., 2015].","Stage, river DO, and salinity were selected based on previous observations of the stage-DO relationship [Timmerman and Chapman, 2004; Buzzelli et al., 2007; Baumann et al., 2015], as well as the role that tidal water import/export plays in explaining DO trends [Baumann et al.","This trend reflects, in part, the increase in oxygen solubility that occurs with decreasing temperature [Baumann et al., 2015].","The relatively minor importance of radiation was somewhat unexpected because diel patterns in light availability are typically attributed with explaining the majority of DO variance on subdaily time scales [Caffrey, 2004; Tyler et al., 2009; Baumann et al., 2015].","As described herein, tidal hydrology has been broadly discussed in the literature as mediating tidal creek DO via a myriad of mechanisms and interactions with environmental factors [Timmerman and Chapman, 2004; Buzzelli et al., 2007; Tyler et al., 2009; Nidzieko et al., 2014; Baumann et al., 2015].",", 2015], as well as the role that tidal water import/export plays in explaining DO trends [Baumann et al., 2015].","However, this pattern can switch in the winter such that tidal creek DO concentrations fall on rising tides [Baumann et al., 2015]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":300072142,"citingcorpusid":10608877,"citedcorpusid":169689979,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These examples most often share the same underlying structure of Henry Kyburg’s lottery paradox [15], [18]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4098547971,"citingcorpusid":258226593,"citedcorpusid":222167493,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, other plant-derived bioactive compounds such as berberine and matrine, may affect microRNA expression resulting in inhibition of tumor growth [24].","berberine and matrine, may affect microRNA expression resulting in inhibition of tumor growth [24]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3283694004,"citingcorpusid":232115758,"citedcorpusid":7669002,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These include the hypothyroid-related QoL (62), the Thyroid Symptoms Questionnaire (TSQ) (63), and the Thyroid-specific Patient Reported Outcome (ThyPRO) measure (64)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1881385762,"citingcorpusid":87982253,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some previous publications (Yamaguti 1959, 1963, 1971; Travassos 1965; Travassos et al. 1969; Schmidt 1986; Vicente et al. 1997) included records of helminth parasites of cetaceans inside on generalized compilations, and also the first list of helminth parasites of whales in Brazil (Muniz-Pereira…","Some previous publications (Yamaguti 1959, 1963, 1971; Travassos 1965; Travassos et al. 1969; Schmidt 1986; Vicente et al. 1997) included records of helminth parasites of cetaceans inside on generalized compilations, and also the first list of helminth parasites of whales in Brazil (Muniz-Pereira et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1881385797,"citingcorpusid":87982253,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The families of hosts with lower richness of species are Iniidae, with one nematode species [Anisakis insignis (Diesing) (Anisakidae)] (Diesing 1851; Vicente et al. 1997), and Phocoenidae, also with one nematode species [Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi) (Anisakidae)] (Pinedo et al. 2002).","longirostris (Gray) (Odontoceti, Delphinidae) have only one record of helminths in Brazil (Zerbini & Santos 1997; Pinedo et al. 2002; Motta et al. 2008).","…(Gray) (Odontoceti, Delphinidae), Phocoena dioptrica Lahille (Odontoceti, Phocoenidae), Stenella clymene (Gray) (Odontoceti, Delphinidae), and S. longirostris (Gray) (Odontoceti, Delphinidae) have only one record of helminths in Brazil (Zerbini & Santos 1997; Pinedo et al. 2002; Motta et al. 2008).","Phocoena dioptrica Lahille, stomach, Rio Grande do Sul (Pinedo et al. 2002).","1997), and Phocoenidae, also with one nematode species [Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi) (Anisakidae)] (Pinedo et al. 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":196155890,"citingcorpusid":23304869,"citedcorpusid":1999431,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["mapping of 32SP-QAM and 64SP-QAM constellations [7].","numerical simulations [6], [7] and system experiments [8]–[10].","After the receiver DSP, the demodulated symbols are input to a soft-demapper which calculates the bit log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) in 4-D space [7].","The resulting 8 bits are than mapped to the Gray coded PDM-16QAM constellation [6], [7]."],"intents":[null,["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1053054407,"citingcorpusid":114714844,"citedcorpusid":144999181,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Consumers tend to spend more time and energy in decisions to purchase high-involvement products, while spending a lesser amount of time and effort for low-involvement products (Richins & Bloch, 1986)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1053053951,"citingcorpusid":114714844,"citedcorpusid":54872451,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, although product involvement is based in part on individual differences,\nsuch involvement is expected to be reasonably constant in a relatively homogeneous\n12\npopulation (Clarke & Belk, 1979)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1053054503,"citingcorpusid":114714844,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["9 Awareness Stipp and Schiavone (1996) argued that consumers’ awareness of sponsors is a prerequisite to achieving success with corporate sponsorship activities, and is one of most cited benefits of sponsorship (Gardner & Shuman, 1988; Gilbert, 1988; Meenaghan, 1991; Otker, 1988; Pope & Voges, 1994; Stotlar, 1993).","Other studies have evaluated the effects of sponsorship in terms of recall and recognition tests (e.g. Crimmins & Horn, 1996; Parker, 1991; Stotlar, 1993); however, the effect of sponsorship activities on consumers’ awareness, attitudes, and purchase decisions is largely unknown.","Enhanced brand awareness is one of the most cited benefits of sponsorship (Gardner & Shuman, 1988; Gilbert, 1988; Meenaghan, 1991; Otker, 1988; Pope & Voges, 1994; Stotlar, 1993); other sponsorship effects are possible only if consumers are aware of a given company and its product.","Although the results of some studies are controversial, there is much literature suggesting that sponsorship is able to achieve its objectives (Meenaghan, 1991; Pitts & Slattery, 2004; Stotlar, 1993).","…the results of some research is controversial, many studies have proven that sponsorship is effective in generating favorable attitudes, increasing brand awareness, enhancing brand images, and increasing purchase intention (Meenaghan, 1991; Pitts, 1998; Pitts & Slattery, 2004; Stotlar, 1993).","controversial, many studies have proven that sponsorship is effective in generating favorable attitudes, increasing brand awareness, enhancing brand images, and increasing purchase intention (Meenaghan, 1991; Pitts, 1998; Pitts & Slattery, 2004; Stotlar, 1993).","…and Schiavone (1996) argued that consumers’ awareness of sponsors is a\nprerequisite to achieving success with corporate sponsorship activities, and is one of most cited benefits of sponsorship (Gardner & Shuman, 1988; Gilbert, 1988; Meenaghan, 1991; Otker, 1988; Pope & Voges, 1994; Stotlar, 1993)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":338213519,"citingcorpusid":2083158,"citedcorpusid":5822956,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The rationale for such an approach was established in a series of murine studies, in which unmanipulated MHC disparate BMT facilitated by low-dose thymic and whole body irradiation, combined with various regimens of CD4 and CD8 monoclonal antibodies and post-graft immunosuppression, resulted in engraftment with durable mixed lymphohematopoietic chimerism, but without the development of GVHD. [9] [10] [11] [12] This donor-recipient tolerance was largely achieved by the depletion of T cells in both the host as well as in the marrow inoculum by the monoclonal T-cell antibodies used in the preparative regimen."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1997266460,"citingcorpusid":216320922,"citedcorpusid":122680873,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["the on-line tritium production [3]– [6]."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":3150732355,"citingcorpusid":198491361,"citedcorpusid":23374363,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Invariably, all tumors are diffusely positive for EBV and CD56.(191) Malignant cells lack expression of TCRab and TCRcd, and have a high Ki-67 proliferation index.","Invariably, all tumors are diffusely positive for EBV and CD56."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3150732164,"citingcorpusid":198491361,"citedcorpusid":21134841,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Ulcerated tumors in the trunk and extremities, often solitary or with a small regional number of lesions, are the typical clinical presentation of PC-ALCL.(92) This is an indolent disorder that can be cured with localized forms of therapy (either localized radiation or excision) and can also resolve spontaneously (Figure 3, a).","A plaque and nodule, either solitary or, less frequently, multiple, in the scalp, face, and upper trunk, is also the presentation of PCFCL.89 In counterpart, a tumor, with or without ulceration in the leg, in an older person is the more\n960 Arch Pathol Lab Med—Vol 143, August 2019 An Approach to the Diagnosis of Skin Lymphomas—Gru et al\ncharacteristic presentation of DLBCL-LT.90,91 Although DLBCL-LT is considered a primary form of cutaneous lymphoma, patients who have this uncommon malignancy carry a prognosis similar to those with other subtypes of systemic DLBCL, often requiring chemotherapy (R-CHOP, mini-CHOP).89 Ulcerated tumors in the trunk and extremities, often solitary or with a small regional number of lesions, are the typical clinical presentation of PC-ALCL.92\nThis is an indolent disorder that can be cured with localized forms of therapy (either localized radiation or excision) and can also resolve spontaneously (Figure 3, a)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3150732130,"citingcorpusid":198491361,"citedcorpusid":24670536,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Multiple papules that occur in crops, that heal spontaneously within 1 to 3 months with or without scarring and ulceration and are present in the trunk and extremities are the most characteristic presentation for LyP (Figure 3, c).(18,20,22,93,94) Although multiple histologic variants of LyP have been recognized, all of them share the same clinical presentation, course, and therapy."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3570835343,"citingcorpusid":240133266,"citedcorpusid":201479736,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, learners worldwide are encouraged to attain computer programming skills [76], though acquiring computer programming skills might be extremely challenging for some learners [77]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3744347759,"citingcorpusid":248986595,"citedcorpusid":245634218,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, it is known that the resonant GCP transitions may deplete the cloud efficiently [16, 25, 26], while ionization effects may evaporate the cloud [18, 27, 28]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2145255654,"citingcorpusid":125683857,"citedcorpusid":115152467,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[68] Mujeeb R Malik, “Numerical methods for hypersonic boundary layer stability,” Journal of Computational Physics 86, 376–413 (1990).","The reference values for compressible boundary layer cases are taken from Malik [68] and Theofilis and Colonius [69]."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
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{"citationid":2293816415,"citingcorpusid":123364980,"citedcorpusid":115152467,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["If the boundary layer is to be turbulent, low-amplitude instability modes are added to the initial boundary layer, following the method in Malik (1990), until boundary-layer transition occurs."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3983913591,"citingcorpusid":253683886,"citedcorpusid":115152467,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(1)–(3), we can write the coupled system of equations as an eigenvalue problem following [23] of the form [ L0 + αL1 + α(2)L2 ] q̂ = 0.","We consider the linear stability analysis of a zero pressure gradient laminar boundary layer (ZPGLBL) flowing over a nominally flat plate and follow the local ansatz described in [23]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2257608691,"citingcorpusid":4434207,"citedcorpusid":23972436,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Ebf3 marks glycinergic and nGnG amacrines along with subsets of ganglion cells (Jin et al., 2010; Kay et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2257608337,"citingcorpusid":4434207,"citedcorpusid":18032524,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Calretinin stains amacrine and ganglion cell somas in the INL and GCL, as well as three highly stereotypical dendritic sublaminae within the IPL (Haverkamp and Wassle, 2000; Lee et al., 2010).","…proteins (e.g. calretinin, calbindin), and proteins involved in neurotransmission (e.g. ChAT, TH, vGlut3) (Bassett et al., 2007; Brecha et al., 1984; Feng et al., 2006; Haverkamp and Wassle, 2000, 2004; Huang et al., 2014; Johnson et al., 2004; Kay et al., 2011; Kondo et al., 1985).",", 1998; Pow and Hendrickson, 1999) and the GABAergic marker GAD65/67 (Haverkamp and Wassle, 2000) revealed that most of the Prdm13-GFP+ cells were glycinergic (Figs 3C, E).","The cholinergic amacrine marker ChAT, which labels sublaminae 2 and 4 (Haverkamp and Wassle, 2000; Voigt, 1986), was normal in GFP/Δ115 mice (data not shown).","There was a minor increase in the number of GFP+ cells that co-expressed calbindin in GFP/Δ115 mice, but the IPL staining of sublaminae 2 and 4 (Haverkamp and Wassle, 2000) was normal (Figs 4H–","There was a minor increase in the number of GFP+ cells that co-expressed calbindin in GFP/Δ115 mice, but the IPL staining of sublaminae 2 and 4 (Haverkamp and Wassle, 2000) was normal (Figs 4H–I, M– N).","Calretinin strongly marks three (2, 3, and 4) of the five synaptic sublaminae of the IPL (Haverkamp and Wassle, 2000; Lee et al., 2010).","Co-staining with the glycinergic marker GlyT1 (Menger et al., 1998; Pow and Hendrickson, 1999) and the GABAergic marker GAD65/67 (Haverkamp and Wassle, 2000) revealed that most of the Prdm13-GFP+ cells were glycinergic (Figs 3C, E).","Calretinin and calbindin each mark complex subsets of amacrine cells in the mouse (Haverkamp and Wassle, 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2257608668,"citingcorpusid":4434207,"citedcorpusid":35804726,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is after the timing of amacrine cell birth, but overlaps with subtype maturation and culling of excess generated amacrines (Cherry et al., 2009; Kay et al., 2011; Pequignot et al., 2003; Strettoi and Volpini, 2002; Voinescu et al., 2009; Voyvodic et al., 1995; Young, 1984, 1985).","This argues against a fate shift; however, upwards of 50% of amacrines are normally culled during the early postnatal period (Pequignot et al., 2003; Strettoi and Volpini, 2002; Voyvodic et al., 1995; Young, 1984)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2570927672,"citingcorpusid":25167690,"citedcorpusid":53616920,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The time-series programs at Station P (PAPA; [15]), Bermuda (BATS; [16, 17]) and Hawaii (HOTS; [ 18-20 ]) have led this effort and identified “regime shifts” in ocean physics and their coupling to marine ecosystems."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":241490039,"citingcorpusid":30088347,"citedcorpusid":53616920,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In contrast to the year-round stratification of surface waters in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, seasonal stratification occurs in the western North Atlantic, introducing significant variability into observed inorganic N and P concentrations and their resulting stoichiometry.","We estimate this predicted ratio using nutrient uptake parameters measured in laboratory growth experiments and compare the predicted ratio to empirical observations from long-term sampling in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.",":P come with a caveat, since many of the species for which N : P data have been measured are not major components of the phytoplankton communities in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre or the Sargasso Sea.","Inorganic N : P stoichiometry in much of the euphotic zone, where phytoplankton actively take up nutrients, consistently differs from the canonical deep-water value of 15 : 1 (Cavender-Bares et al. 2001; Karl et al. 2001).","The model predictions for the ratio of phytoplankton N : P to inorganic N : P are at odds with the majority of data from extensive long-term sampling in the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans.","Next, we use nutrient uptake parameters measured in laboratory experiments to compare the predicted relationship between phytoplankton N : P and inorganic N : P to empirically observed phytoplankton N : P and euphotic zone inorganic N : P in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.","Because phytoplankton N : P (14 on average) is much greater than inorganic N : P (less than 0.14 on average) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, W , N","Intensive sampling programs have collected data from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and provide a detailed picture of nutrient dynamics over a range of temporal and spatial scales.","Shallow euphotic zone (0–20 m) inorganic N : P during summer stratification in the western North Atlantic is less than 0.14 on average, consistent with station ALOHA during the summer, but increases with depth much more quickly than in the Pacific, reflecting the shallower stratified layer in the Atlantic.","Empirical observations in both the Atlantic (CavenderBares et al. 2001) and the Pacific (Karl et al. 2001), combined with laboratory data on nutrient uptake parameters (Table 1), indicate that the value of R̂i is often at least an order of magnitude smaller than Ki for both N and P, which is what…","For example, Prochlorococcus, the dominant cyanobacterium at station ALOHA in the North Pacific Gyre, is able to take up organically bound N (Moore et al. 2002b) and P (Bjorkman and Karl 2005), meaning that a more complicated and interwoven set of nutrient cycles may be responsible for observed values of W , N:P.","In summary, phytoplankton N : P, with an average of approximately 14, is over two orders of magnitude greater than inorganic N : P for the Pacific and the Atlantic during the summer, and slightly greater than inorganic N : P during the winter in the Atlantic.","Distributions of ŴN:P, the modelpredicted N : P affinity index (dark gray bars), and W , N:P, the observed N : P affinity index (light gray bars), are plotted together in histograms for the Pacific, the Atlantic summer, and the Atlantic winter in Fig.",":P for the euphotic zone in the Pacific, the Sargasso Sea in the summer, and the Sargasso Sea during winter for comparison with ŴN:P, the model prediction parameterized with N and P uptake data from laboratory experiments.","The predicted N : P affinity index is derived from Michaelis–Menten uptake kinetics and parameterized with data from pure culture experiments in the laboratory, whereas the observed N : P affinity index is the ratio of actual phytoplankton N : P stoichiometry to in situ inorganic N : P stoichiometry in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.","Empirical observations in both the Atlantic (CavenderBares et al. 2001) and the Pacific (Karl et al. 2001), combined with laboratory data on nutrient uptake parameters (Table 1), indicate that the value of R̂i is often at least an order of magnitude smaller than Ki for both N and P, which is what we would expect if competitive interactions drive nutrient concentrations close to break-even levels (‘‘supply limited’’ in Klausmeier et al. [2004b]).","Mean values are relatively constant throughout the euphotic zone and the average inorganic N : P for the entire euphotic zone in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (0–80 m [Longhurst 1998]) is less than 0.14."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":370535581,"citingcorpusid":37957382,"citedcorpusid":991585,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["” Examples of these approaches include subject-oriented programming [18], composition filters [1], adaptive programming [30], and multidimensional separation of concerns [45].","• Subject orientation: Subject orientation [18] is the idea that different participants in a system (whether human or automated) may have different views of various entities in the system.","• Applicability across the life cycle (and beyond): Although the original ideas relating to aspect orientation were articulated in terms of implementations [18,28,22], much work has since extended these ideas across the life cycle."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1835504132,"citingcorpusid":212711247,"citedcorpusid":91856117,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Posteriorly, AzeVedO et al. (2018) described the first occurrence of the parasitoid Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck) in fruits of Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae), infested by A. obliqua collected in the municipality of Rio Branco.","Currently, eight species of Tephritidae (seven species of Anastrepha, besides C. capitata) and two of Lonchaeidae are reported for the state (AdAime et al. 2016; AzeVedO et al. 2018).","Later, AdAime et al. (2017) and AzeVedO et al. (2018) reported the first records of species Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) for the state, respectively."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3126241046,"citingcorpusid":225102506,"citedcorpusid":59571015,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…studies along the coasts of various islands and in lagoons have revealed deposits related to 174 past hurricanes (Donnelly and Woodruff, 2007; McCloskey and Keller, 2009; Malaizé et al., 2011; 175 Donnelly et al., 2015; Denommee et al., 2015; Wallace et al., 2019), but no paleotempestology…","…et al., 2011) or in Vieques, Puerto Rico with a single 555 high energy event during a period with fewer intense hurricane strikes (Donnelly and Woodruff, 2007) 556 or in Belize where the event was described as \"much stronger than all other storms in the record\" 557 (McCloskey and Keller, 2009).","Sedimentary studies along the coasts of various islands and in lagoons have revealed deposits related to 174 past hurricanes (Donnelly and Woodruff, 2007; McCloskey and Keller, 2009; Malaizé et al., 2011; 175 Donnelly et al., 2015; Denommee et al., 2015; Wallace et al., 2019), but no paleotempestology studies 176 have been conducted in Anguilla or Scrub Island.",", 2011) or in Vieques, Puerto Rico with a single 555 high energy event during a period with fewer intense hurricane strikes (Donnelly and Woodruff, 2007) 556 or in Belize where the event was described as \"much stronger than all other storms in the record\" 557 (McCloskey and Keller, 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":790002773,"citingcorpusid":4831816,"citedcorpusid":4318021,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The BTB-ankyrin proteins Ankyrin repeats are common protein-protein interaction motifs that are found in proteins of very diverse function, such as transcription regulators, ion transporters and signal transduction proteins [110,111]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4105855652,"citingcorpusid":258473208,"citedcorpusid":232423284,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, TGs, SBP, and DBP levels than those in the euthyroid group.(38) These almost verified that metabolic syndrome incidence is significantly influenced by thyroid function.","These almost verified that metabolic syndrome incidence is significantly influenced by thyroid function.(38)"],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":4021785170,"citingcorpusid":254493389,"citedcorpusid":146510638,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Omatseye and Emeriewen (2012) have noted that African cloths are often purchased because of the proverb names they carry, rather than for the visual content or quality of the textile design, which highlights the design of these textiles as contentious."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2679333814,"citingcorpusid":9648152,"citedcorpusid":9641280,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Primers were selected that amplify the region of the TrkC tyrosine kinase domain that undergoes alternative splicing (Lamballe et al., 1993; Tsoulfas et al., 1993; Valenzuela et al., 1993).","Blots were probed with the anti-pan-TrkC antibody, which recognizes the extracellular domain of truncated (t.TrkC) and full-length (TrkC.FL) isoforms of approximately 100 kD and 140 kD molecular mass, respectively (Huang et al., 1999).","In vitro assays suggest that the presence of these inserts alters the ability of TrkC to be phosphorylated in response to NT3 and to act as a mitogenic or differentiation factor in fibroblasts and PC12 cells (Guiton et al., 1995; Lamballe et al., 1993; Valenzuela et al., 1993).","RT-PCR analyses showed that denervation does not alter the expression of TrkC.FL isoforms (Fig.","B: RT-PCR analysis was performed to differentiate among the three alternatively spliced isoforms of full-length TrkC. TrkC.FL14 and TrkC.FL25 contain 14- and 25- amino-acid inserts in the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain, respectively, and these inserts are absent in TrkC.FL (Lamballe et al., 1993; Tsoulfas et al., 1993; Valenzuela et al., 1993).","C,E: Full-length TrkC (green), as assayed with a TrkC.FL-specific antibody, is localized to perisynaptic Schwann cells at neuromuscular synapses from adult (C) and neonatal (P7, E) mouse sternomastoid muscles; postsynaptic AChRs stained with rhodamine -bungarotoxin (red).","In newborn and adult mice, TrkC.FL and TrkC.FL14 were detected in brain, muscle, and sciatic nerve, and, in adults, this expression persisted after denervation.","The variability among the size of TrkC.FL in embryonic tissues may be due to differential glycosylation, which has been described for TrkA and has been seen in other tissues (Ghinelli et al., 2003; Watson et al., 1999).","The tissues studied showed varying levels of full-length TrkC (TrkC.FL) expression (Fig.","The specific functional roles of TrkC.FL and TrkC.FL14 in Schwann cells remain to be explored.","After washing and coverslipping in VectaShield (Vector), slides were imaged with a color CCD camera (Hamamatsu, Inc.) and interactive software (ImagePro, Inc.) and stored at 4°C.\nRESULTS TrkC isoforms are localized to perisynaptic\nand myelinating Schwann cells To determine the cellular localization of TrkC at neuromuscular synapses, muscles from P7 to adult mice were immunostained with antibodies that recognize all isoforms of TrkC (anti-pan-TrkC) or full-length TrkC (TrkC.FL).","The primer sequences used were: TrkC.FL forward, CACTTTGTACACCCGGGACCT; TrkC.FL reverse, TGTGGTAACTTCCGGTACA; -actin forward, CTTCTACAATGAGCTGCGTGTGGCC, -actin reverse, GGAGCAATGATCTTGATCTTCATGG.","2B; Lamballe et al., 1993; Tsoulfas et al., 1993; Valenzuela et al., 1993).","The full-length isoforms differ in the presence (TrkC.FL14 and TrkC.FL25) or absence (TrkC.FL) of short amino acid sequences inserted into the tyrosine kinase domain.","To determine whether Schwann cells express full-length TrkC isoforms (TrkC.FL), an antibody that specifically recognizes the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain was utilized.","The three full-length TrkC isoforms differ in the presence (TrkC.FL14 and TrkC.FL25) or absence (TrkC.FL) of sequences inserted into the tyrosine kinase domain.","In both neonates and adults, RT-PCR showed that sciatic nerve and skeletal muscle express TrkC.FL as well as TrkC.FL14 containing a 14-amino-acid insert in the kinase domain (Fig.","…the three alternatively spliced isoforms of full-length TrkC. TrkC.FL14 and TrkC.FL25 contain 14- and 25- amino-acid inserts in the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain, respectively, and these inserts are absent in TrkC.FL (Lamballe et al., 1993; Tsoulfas et al., 1993; Valenzuela et al., 1993).","TrkC.FL25 was detected only in adult brain.","Three full-length isoforms contain an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain that is required for intracellular signaling, whereas truncated isoforms contain short intracellular sequences with no known function (Lamballe et al., 1993; Menn et al., 1998; Tsoulfas et al., 1993; Valenzuela et al., 1993)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":913721513,"citingcorpusid":9117806,"citedcorpusid":18596337,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["By changing the atmosphere to an oxidative O2-rich environment, it has enabled the biochemical cycles of aerobic respiration to develop and with that, the evolution of complex multicellular life forms (Raymond & Segre 2006; Acquisti et al. 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":913721490,"citingcorpusid":9117806,"citedcorpusid":43168332,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The remaining active catalytic sites appear to function normally and show the normal mid-frequency S2/S1 difference spectrum (Nixon & Diner 1992; Chu et al. 1994; 2001).","…The constructions of the D1-D61N, the D1-D170H mutant and the wild-type (WT) control strains of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 were described previously (Chu et al. 1994, 1995), except that the mutation-bearing and control constructs were transformed into a host strain of Synechocystis having a His-tag…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":913721889,"citingcorpusid":9117806,"citedcorpusid":96014026,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Since the rate of 18O exchange depends upon the chemical properties of the binding site, some insight into the substrate water interactions with the catalytic site can be made by comparison with inorganic complexes (Hillier & Wydrzynski 2001, 2008) or by conducting computational density\nPhil.","The increased electron donation from histidine into the Mn4 ion would be expected to increase the 18O ligand exchange rates as seen in some model systems (Richens 2005; Hillier & Wydrzynski 2008).","Specifically, a perturbation is predicted to arise from the weaker s-donation character of the Asp oxygen ligands compared with the stronger s-donation from the nitrogen ligand from His (Richens 2005; Hillier & Wydrzynski 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":217094891,"citingcorpusid":2229602,"citedcorpusid":9641280,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition to promoting BDNF expression [43], synaptic activity promotes neuronal survival through depolarization of the cell membrane and increasing the level of intracellular calcium in the neuronal cells [44].","The BDNF level is regulated by neuronal synaptic activity [43], suggesting that the mechanism of its preservation in the retina of diabetic mice by lutein administration may involve the preservation of synaptophysin protein and the subsequent protection of neuronal synaptic activity."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3616263207,"citingcorpusid":198671005,"citedcorpusid":132248897,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In his expositions on social science’s methodology, Weber (1919), the father of institutional theory, subscribed to the notion that a fundamental divide exists between the natural and social sciences, which make some aspects of bridging the two (i.e., using Versethen with scientific truths)…"],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":2035348976,"citingcorpusid":199540598,"citedcorpusid":6620153,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The extracts and isolated compounds from the plant also showed significant cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and leishmanicidal activities (Lee and Houghton 2005; Choudhary et al. 2007; Ooi et al. 2010; Ooi et al. 2013; Guan et al. 2014; Xu et al. 2016; Wu et al. 2018)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3519154568,"citingcorpusid":199540598,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…namely withanolide E (1) (Shingu et al. 1992), withaperuvin C (2) (Sahai et al. 1982), 4b-hydroxywithanolide E (3) (Sakurai et al. 1976), 28-hydroxywithaperuvin C (4) (Abdullaev et al. 1985), physaperuvin G (5) (Sang-ngern et al. 2016), and 4-deoxywithaperuvin (6) (Abou-Douh 2002) (Figure 1)."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3519154545,"citingcorpusid":199540598,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As a part of our recent researches on the chemical constituents and cytotoxic activity of genus Physalis growing in Vietnam (Tuan Anh et al. 2018), we report herein six metabolites (1–6) from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of P. minima, as well as evaluation of their cytotoxic activity."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1611862427,"citingcorpusid":147360426,"citedcorpusid":33849549,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…that, in addition to\ndisability, cognitive impairment is correlated with other important MDD illness characteristics, such as chronicity, the number of relapses and long-term average severity (Bhardwaj et al., 2010; Buist-Bouwman et al., 2008; Sarapas et al., 2013; Fennig & Mottes, 2002)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2570622132,"citingcorpusid":55253394,"citedcorpusid":16243497,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…are formed by the coalescence of lower-mass stars, while other authors favor “monolithic” formation (see for example the recent review by\nSend offprint requests to: N.Crimier\nBeuther et al. 2007), where turbulence or winds/outflows can play a major role (McKee & Tan 2003; Krumholz et al. 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2397928935,"citingcorpusid":119295003,"citedcorpusid":16243497,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…individual fragmentation of cores is still a matter of debate, there is a consensus that the collapse\ntime scale in real and simulated systems is the free-fall time (e.g., Krumholz et al. 2005; Padoan et al. 1997; Hennebelle & Chabrier 2008; Shadmehri & Elmegreen 2011; Hennebelle & Falgarone 2012).","The density PDF can be used to evaluate key aspects of star formation, like the efficiency and the stellar initial mass function (IMF) (see, e.g., Krumholz et al. 2005; Padoan et al. 1997; Hennebelle & Chabrier 2008; Shadmehri & Elmegreen 2011; Veltchev et al. 2011; Donkov et al. 2011, 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3704789334,"citingcorpusid":247633433,"citedcorpusid":205688824,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The contents of HbA1c in the blood is positively associated with T2DM, HbA1c has been used as the key marker for monitoring glycemic control as well as diagnosing T2DM (English and Lenters-Westra, 2018).","The increase of insulin sensitivity improves the carbohydrate metabolism regulating the blood glucose level (Andre et al., 2017), and the decrease of HbA1c level reduces the risk of T2DM development (English and Lenters-Westra, 2018).",", 2017), and the decrease of HbA1c level reduces the risk of T2DM development (English and Lenters-Westra, 2018)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2572063713,"citingcorpusid":123075284,"citedcorpusid":16243497,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["First of all, they can reduce the radiation pressure experienced by the gas in the infalling envelope (Krumholz et al. 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1571777840,"citingcorpusid":59503132,"citedcorpusid":116973330,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["10 uses a version of Aumann’s Measurability Selection Principle and a simple corollary of the theory of A-quasiconvexity (see [13], [17], [10]).","Thus, in this case we recover the well known notion of quasiconvexity introduced by [25] (see also [13])."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1856774189,"citingcorpusid":214627910,"citedcorpusid":3154529,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["does neither influence morphokinetics nor implantation and live birth (Costa-Borges et al., 2016)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3776767779,"citingcorpusid":249446008,"citedcorpusid":144423884,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…as well.4 In fact, children on the autism spectrum may be more likely than neurotypical peers to build generative language from formulaic units, using a “gestalt learning style” rather than a hierarchical learning style, to scaffold language learning (Prizant, 1982; Zenko & Hite, 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3275366888,"citingcorpusid":134923393,"citedcorpusid":123001711,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…instabilities of flow in the lee are thought to result from the interaction of fluid within the flow recirculation region and the shear layer above (Bradshaw & Wong, 1972; Eaton & Johnston, 1982; Friedrich & Arnal, 1990; Le, Moin, & Kim, 1997; Simpson, 1989; Spazzini et al., 2001; Wee et al.,…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3433308954,"citingcorpusid":237329253,"citedcorpusid":233176892,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In Hong Kong, researchers found that fostering psychological flexibility ultimately mitigated the adverse mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic [24]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3317667676,"citingcorpusid":120456924,"citedcorpusid":123001711,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Downstream of reattachment the profiles again lie first below the log law for LFST and HFST (figure 12), a behaviour typical for the redevelopment region as noted\nby Bradshaw & Wong (1972), Ruderich & Fernholz (1986), AF and Castro & Epik (1996), for example.","…add further proof to the rather astonishing result that the developing flow is qualitatively independent of the upstream disturbance if the latter is overwhelming in the sense of Bradshaw & Wong (1972); the layer, however, remains in a different state from that of a canonical ZPG boundary layer."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1978277978,"citingcorpusid":149435917,"citedcorpusid":19528874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, infants’ actions and gestures elicit language from caregivers (Goldin-Meadow, Goodrich, Sauer, & Iverson, 2007; Tamis-LeMonda, Kuchirko, & Tafuro, 2014; Vallotton, 2009) enriching their language environment and predicting their own language development (Rowe & Goldin-Meadow, 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2725852569,"citingcorpusid":30801100,"citedcorpusid":123001711,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As noted by Bradshaw and Wong (1972), a key feature of this flow is the reattachment, where part of the flow is deflected upstream into the recirculation zone to supply the entrainment requirements of the separating shear layer.","Bradshaw and Wong (1972) also conducted a review of low-speed flows past various steps and fences."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1112568724,"citingcorpusid":145451513,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Matthews and Salazar (2012) and Conner (2003) note that in counselling people in the LGBTQ community, often the process of coming out can be\n102\ndifficult and can occur in stages, beginning with coming out to oneself.","Conner (2003) suggests that another important role that a counsellor can play as clients come to understand more about themselves and their feelings is to gently challenge negative conceptions that clients may have about the LGBTQ community, and in turn, damaging cognitions about themselves.","Minority groups continue to be underrepresented in the sexuality literature, such as sexual minorities (Conner, 2003; Griffin, 2000; Ussher, 2005), ethnic minorities (Champion et al.","Minority groups continue to be underrepresented in the sexuality literature, such as sexual minorities (Conner, 2003; Griffin, 2000; Ussher, 2005), ethnic minorities (Champion et al., 2009; O’Sullivan et al., 2001) and those with disabilities (Sweeney, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3824199718,"citingcorpusid":250429802,"citedcorpusid":145055557,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", binding (7), question construction (8), prosodic prominence in morphology (9), phonology (10, 11), language acquisition (12, 13), as well as from behavioral (14) and brain-imaging experiments (15–22)"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1805027195,"citingcorpusid":149691929,"citedcorpusid":145055557,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["“These schemes of\nassimilation are somewhat like concepts, but of a practical kind” (Piaget, 1981c,\np. 165).","…but distinct processes: that of a projection\nonto a higher plane of what is taken from the lower level, hence a ‘reflecting,’\nand that of a ‘reflection’ as a reorganization on the new plane . . . aiming\neventually . . . at co-ordinating them into a new totality” (Piaget, 1981b, p. 26-\n7).","These structuring\noperations compose “a constructionism, with a continual elaboration of new\noperations and structures” (Piaget, 1981b, p. 23).","PIAGET: “Observation always and from the beginning requires the utilization of\nlogico-mathematical frameworks such as the setting up of a relation or\ncorrespondence, proximities or separations, positive or negative quantifications\nleading to the concept of measure” (Piaget, 1981b, p. 24).","But such an action implies the evocation of\nobjects not presently perceived, and this evocation requires the formation of a\nspecific instrument, which is the semiotic function” (Piaget, 1981b, p. 28).","Thus there is a process of “‘assimilation’ of objects to the\nschemes of that subject [with] a necessary ‘adaptation’ to the particularities of\nthese objects” (Piaget, 1981b, p. 24).","…a structuralism as I have defined it; “knowledge does not result from\na mere recording of observations without a structuring activity on the part of the\nsubject . . . [Man] creates structures only through an organisation of successive\nactions performed on objects” (Piaget, 1981b, p. 23).","“Here is an act of generalisation that obviously shows a beginning of logical\ngeneralisation or intelligence” (Piaget, 1981c, p. 164).","PIAGET: There are correspondences between schemes even before extension,\nthat are the combination of schemes, the ordering of actions, and the creation of\ninterdependencies: “In short, one finds a structure that announces the structure\nof logic” (Piaget, 1981c, p. 165).","PIAGET: [with a deep breath] Let’s revisit the “logical necessity” (Piaget, 1981b,\np. 32) engendered by equilibration.","…“Behavior [is] conceived not . . . as a product of external\n‘circumstances,’ but as the expression of a constant need for overtaking\n(extension of the environment and increase of the organism’s powers) [that]\nwould constitute in fact the principal moving force of evolution” (Piaget, 1981a,\np. 280).","…This “new form of assimilation that is going to develop and allow\nconceptual logic is an assimilation between objects, and no longer between\nobjects and a scheme of action, in other words, the objects will be directly\nassimilated to each other, which will permit extension” (Piaget, 1981c, p. 166).","…comes from a mere causal regulation of actions of which the results are\nrevealed, after the fact, to be compatible or contradictory; this progressive\ncoherence then achieves a comprehension of linkings or implications that have\nbecome deductible and thereby necessary” (Piaget, 1981b, p. 32).","…of reality to explanation and from filling the\ngaps that are perceived as a result of having envisioned one variation, which\nleads immediately to the realization that others are also possible . . . this dual\nprocess involves equilibration in its most general form” (Piaget, 1981/1987, p. 6).","…“The problem is therefore to choose between two hypotheses:\nauthentic constructions with stepwise disclosures to new possibilities, or\nsuccessive actualization of a set of possibilities existing from the beginning…[this\nlatter corresponds to] a universe of Platonic ideas” (Piaget, 1981b, p. 25).","PIAGET: “The generation of possibilities remains throughout subordinated to the\nlaws of equilibration, since it is equilibration that brings about reequilibration and\nleads to new differentiations and their equilibration, which then become\nintegrated into new systems” (Piaget, 1981/1987, p. 7).","PIAGET: “The origin of logico-mathematical structures in their infinity cannot be\nlocalized either in objects or in the subject” (Piaget, 1981b, p. 26).","The child has comprehension but not extension; “the child recognizes a\nhanging object, this is comprehension, but he does not have the means of\nrepresenting to himself the totality of hanging objects” (Piaget, 1981c, p. 165).","“Once\na possibility gets actualized through the application of procedural schemas, a\nnew presentative scheme is created, thence the complementarity of the two\nsystems” (Piaget, 1981/1987, p. 5).","PIAGET: A person has two complementary cognitive systems then; the\npresentative which are stable schemes and structures for understanding the\nworld, and the procedural, by which a person satisfies needs by inventing or\ntransferring procedures (Piaget, 1981/1987).","In this lecture I will consider how we might “understand\nhow such operations come about, and why, even though they result from\nnonpredetermined constructions, they eventually become logically necessary”\n(Piaget, 1981b, p. 23).","And since the child is himself a\nconsequence, one would have to go back as far as protozoa and viruses to locate\n‘the set of all possibilities’” (Piaget, 1981b, p. 26).","“Conceptual logic is, for me, the logic that combines representation and thought,\nthus concepts defined in extension and not only in comprehension” (Piaget,\n1981c, p. 165).","The problem of the opening up of new possibilities, we believe, is\nthus of some interest to epistemology” (Piaget, 1981/1987, p. 3).","…[this is] part of the way accommodation functions . . . the\npotentialities we talked about are in fact the expressions, varying from one level\nto the next, of the capacity for accommodation: the possible results thus from\nthe accommodative activity seeking actualization” (Piaget, 1981/1987, p. 6).","Structures have their\norigin in schemes of action, “no knowledge is based on perceptions alone, for\n103\nthese are always directed and accompanied by schemes of action” (Piaget,\n1981b, p. 23-4)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":851211949,"citingcorpusid":12030434,"citedcorpusid":147343684,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Semantic satiation was initially investigated by introspection and subjective reports (Severance and Washburn, 1907; Bassett and Warne, 1919)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2998586502,"citingcorpusid":222127920,"citedcorpusid":73542112,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3742277051,"citingcorpusid":248899732,"citedcorpusid":110674549,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The necessity of having more ductility to prevent local damages in this type of structures was another outcome of their work (Humar & Wright, 1977)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1019721259,"citingcorpusid":89076718,"citedcorpusid":24852027,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These observations, that warfarin and the KO substrate bind to oxidized and reduced forms of the enzyme, respectively, may help explain why warfarin’s inhibition of the enzyme appears to be non-competitive [12,90].","The discovery that several other coagulation factors, for example, factors VII [8], X [9], and IX [10] [10-12] (Figure 1."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":851211855,"citingcorpusid":12030434,"citedcorpusid":140903131,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We computed a Bayes Factor (BF10) that expresses the likelihood of the data given the alternative hypothesis (i.e., predictions from semantic satiation) relative to the likelihood of the data given the null hypothesis (Dienes, 2008, 2016; Wiens and Nilsson, 2016).","Therefore, we conducted Bayesian hypothesis testing to determine the degree of evidence for the alternative hypothesis (Dienes, 2008, 2016)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":851211784,"citingcorpusid":12030434,"citedcorpusid":44798089,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many subsequent studies have also found an N400 in semantic priming tasks (e.g., Rugg, 1985; Kutas and Van Petten, 1988; Kutas, 1993).","These findings match that of an N400 and are a good manipulation check because they replicate many previous findings of the N400 in semantic priming (e.g., Rugg, 1985; Kutas and Van Petten, 1988; Kutas, 1993; Frenck-Mestre et al., 1997; Kounios et al., 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":851212099,"citingcorpusid":12030434,"citedcorpusid":144485502,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Because of this, several researchers have questioned the accuracy of referring to the phenomenon as semantic satiation, arguing that the effects are primarily due to perceptual habituation and that the subjective loss of meaning is merely a by-product of this perceptual habituation (Esposito and Pelton, 1971; Frenck-Mestre et al., 1997; Pilotti et al., 1997).","Later studies used behavioural measures such as reaction time, accuracy, and commonality of associations (for a review, see Esposito and Pelton, 1971).","Subjectively, semantic satiation is often experienced as surprising and amusing, and the satiated word appears to sound strange and meaningless (Esposito and Pelton, 1971; Balota and Black, 1997; Black, 2004).","…Balota and Black (1997) provided evidence for a semantic locus of the effect, several researchers have maintained that the effect is perceptual in nature and results from bottom-up processes of habituation and adaptation (Esposito and Pelton, 1971; Frenck-Mestre et al., 1997; Pilotti et al., 1997).","However, in a thorough review of these studies, Esposito and Pelton (1971) concluded that because of the many methodological flaws in these studies, there was in fact no convincing evidence for the existence of a semantic satiation effect.","…of referring to the phenomenon as semantic satiation, arguing that the effects are primarily due to perceptual habituation and that the subjective loss of meaning is merely a by-product of this perceptual habituation (Esposito and Pelton, 1971; Frenck-Mestre et al., 1997; Pilotti et al., 1997).","Although the findings of Balota and Black (1997) provided evidence for a semantic locus of the effect, several researchers have maintained that the effect is perceptual in nature and results from bottom-up processes of habituation and adaptation (Esposito and Pelton, 1971; Frenck-Mestre et al., 1997; Pilotti et al., 1997)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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A key contribution of our paper is that we model private and common value asymmetries explicitly and that the variation in our data allows us to disentangle and quantify each of the asymmetries. We theoretically show that it is crucial to understand the relative importance of the asymmetries as they have opposite welfare implications. Moreover, our structural empirical results allow us to study the efficiency properties of the auctions and to conduct counterfactual analyses. For the estimation of our model, we rely on the large literature on the structural estimation of asymmetric auctions. Guerre et al. (2000) show how first-price IPV auctions can be nonparametrically identified and estimated based on winning bids only.","This result has been generalized by De Silva et al. (2003) to hold also in the Goeree and Offerman (2003) setup, i.","De Silva et al. (2003) analyze data on highway procurement in Oklahoma with reduced form regressions and find that entrants win with lower bids than incumbents. In De Silva et al. (2009) a natural experiment in the same application with more recent data is studied in which an information release policy makes uncertainty more symmetric. In this paper, the authors find that bidding becomes more symmetric after the information release. In both papers, a setting with private and common values as in Goeree and Offerman (2003) is considered and asymmetries in bidding are explained by differences in the distribution of the compound private signal.","De Silva et al. (2003) analyze data on highway procurement in Oklahoma with reduced form regressions and find that entrants win with lower bids than incumbents. In De Silva et al. (2009) a natural experiment in the same application with more recent data is studied in which an information release policy makes uncertainty more symmetric.","De Silva et al. (2003) analyze data on highway procurement in Oklahoma with reduced form regressions and find that entrants win with lower bids than incumbents. In De Silva et al. (2009) a natural experiment in the same application with more recent data is studied in which an information release policy makes uncertainty more symmetric. In this paper, the authors find that bidding becomes more symmetric after the information release. In both papers, a setting with private and common values as in Goeree and Offerman (2003) is considered and asymmetries in bidding are explained by differences in the distribution of the compound private signal. However, the private and common value distributions are not modeled separately and therefore the authors cannot disentangle which of the asymmetries induces the observed bidding behavior. A key contribution of our paper is that we model private and common value asymmetries explicitly and that the variation in our data allows us to disentangle and quantify each of the asymmetries. We theoretically show that it is crucial to understand the relative importance of the asymmetries as they have opposite welfare implications. Moreover, our structural empirical results allow us to study the efficiency properties of the auctions and to conduct counterfactual analyses. For the estimation of our model, we rely on the large literature on the structural estimation of asymmetric auctions. Guerre et al. (2000) show how first-price IPV auctions can be nonparametrically identified and estimated based on winning bids only. Li et al. (2000) discuss identification and nonparametric estimation of conditionally independent private information auctions which comprise IPV and common value auctions as a special case. Their arguments rely on measurement error techniques and require observing all bids and that bidders’ signals are a multiplicative function of the private and the common value signals. Since we only observe winning bids we cannot use their methodology. Therefore, we develop an empirical strategy that relies only on winning bid data and exogenous variation in the contract design. In the same multiplicative framework as Li et al. (2000), Hong and Shum (2002) estimate a parametric model with both private and common value components and symmetric bidders using procurement data from New Jersey.","De Silva et al. (2003) analyze data on highway procurement in Oklahoma with reduced form regressions and find that entrants win with lower bids than incumbents. In De Silva et al. (2009) a natural experiment in the same application with more recent data is studied in which an information release policy makes uncertainty more symmetric. In this paper, the authors find that bidding becomes more symmetric after the information release. In both papers, a setting with private and common values as in Goeree and Offerman (2003) is considered and asymmetries in bidding are explained by differences in the distribution of the compound private signal. However, the private and common value distributions are not modeled separately and therefore the authors cannot disentangle which of the asymmetries induces the observed bidding behavior. A key contribution of our paper is that we model private and common value asymmetries explicitly and that the variation in our data allows us to disentangle and quantify each of the asymmetries. We theoretically show that it is crucial to understand the relative importance of the asymmetries as they have opposite welfare implications. Moreover, our structural empirical results allow us to study the efficiency properties of the auctions and to conduct counterfactual analyses. For the estimation of our model, we rely on the large literature on the structural estimation of asymmetric auctions. Guerre et al. (2000) show how first-price IPV auctions can be nonparametrically identified and estimated based on winning bids only. Li et al. (2000) discuss identification and nonparametric estimation of conditionally independent private information auctions which comprise IPV and common value auctions as a special case.","De Silva et al. (2003) analyze data on highway procurement in Oklahoma with reduced form regressions and find that entrants win with lower bids than incumbents."],"intents":[null,["result"],["background"],["background"],null,null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2472090028,"citingcorpusid":146628294,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Comparative and International Development Education (CIDE) program.","Readers are also encouraged to look at American Council on Education (1995), Crowther et al. (2000), and Mestenhauser and Ellingboe (1998).","In a holistic sense, the CIDE educational environment is international in nature and continually reinforces the enhancement of students’ intercultural skills. They acquire what Paige and Mestenhauser (1999) refer to as an “international mindset,” which includes integrating knowledge from diverse sources and settings; understanding the impact of cultural variables in human affairs; thinking in an interdisciplinary manner and resisting reductionism; thinking comparatively; gaining the skills to transfer knowledge and technology from one cultural setting to another; knowing how to analyze context (the salient historical, economic, political, and cultural factors that inform educational practice); and understanding global trends (pp.","The U of M has a long tradition of involvement in international education. In the sections below, the Ellingboe (1998) schema will be used to discuss key events, projects, and activities that have been central to IaH at the university.","In a holistic sense, the CIDE educational environment is international in nature and continually reinforces the enhancement of students’ intercultural skills.","Readers are also encouraged to look at American Council on Education (1995), Crowther et al.","This article describes the internationalization of education at a large U.S. public research university, the University of Minnesota (U of M), as a case study of Internationalisation at Home (IaH). IaH, as defined in this article, is based on Nilsson’s (1999) EAIE Forum article concept: the provision by universities of international and intercultural learning opportunities for those students who for various reasons do not participate in study-abroad programs.","The CIDE program is an excellent case in point."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["methodology"],null,["background"],["background"],null]}
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(2005) noted that service of national irrigation systems deteriorated after the reduction in state agencies‟ operation and maintenance activities because irrigators in South and Southeast Asia could not meet all the costs of operation and maintenance from their farming activities.","However, if one is to consider international standards as a yardstick, most communallymanaged irrigation schemes in South Africa are undergoing Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT), where the responsibility of managing, operating and maintaining irrigation schemes becomes that of the farmers instead of the state.","The implementation of IMT in most countries confronted numerous challenges.","In irrigation management, the paradigm shift is influenced by the IMT and PIM approaches within the water sector (Perret and Geyser, 2007; Gomo et al., 2014a).","ANOVA Analysis of variance CGE Computable General Equilibrium CMA Catchment Management Agency CNI Change in Net Income CPI Consumer Price Index CPR Common Pool Resources CPRM Common Property Resource Management CVM Contingent Valuation Method CWR Crop Water Requirement DAEA Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs DAFF Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries DWA Department of Water Affairs DWAF Department of Water Affairs and Forestry FAO Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations FGD Focus Group Discussions GDP Gross Domestic Product GLM General Linear Model GM Gross Margin GS Governance System GWP Global Water Partnership programme IA Institutional Arrangement IAD Institutional Analysis and Development IDA Institutional Development Analysis IE Institutional Environment IMT Irrigation Management Transfer IWR Irrigation Water Requirements KMO Keiser-Meyer-Olkin LP Linear Programming MNL Multinomial Logit Model MRIS Mooi River Irrigation Scheme MV Marginal Value\nxvii\nNGO Non-Governmental Organization NIE New Institutional Economics NWA National Water Act NWRS National Water Resource Strategy OLM Ordered Logit Model OLS Ordinary Least Squares OPM Ordered Probit Model PC Principal Component PCA Principal Component Analysis PE Physical Externality PI Participation Index PIM Participatory Irrigation Management RESIS Rehabilitation of Smallholder Irrigation Scheme RIM Residual Imputation Method RS Resource System RSA Republic of South Africa RU Resource Unit RVM Residual Value Method SA South Africa SES Social-Ecological System SIS Smallholder Irrigation Scheme SSA Sub-Saharan Africa TEV Total Economic Value VIF Variance Inflation Factors VMP Value Marginal Product WRC Water Research Commission of South Africa WTP Willingness to Pay WUA Water User Association\n1\nCHAPTER 1\nINTRODUCTION","This was also necessitated by the current focus on the implementation of IMT policy in most countries.","The programme tends to be biased towards irrigation infrastructure and technology improvement through scheme rehabilitation and less focus is given on addressing human capacity and institutional development at local level (Denison and Manona, 2007; Maepa et\n7\nal., 2014).","This is also worsened by poor participation of farmers in irrigation, which has led to continued failure of government initiatives towards IMT (Denison and Manona, 2007).","Some believe that participatory approaches, like Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT), reduce government bureaucracy in irrigation management (Vermillion, 1997).","In irrigation farming, the shift is influenced by the IMT and Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) approaches (Perret, 2002; Perret and Geyser, 2007; Gomo et al., 2014a), articulated in theories of collective action (Olson, 1965) and common property resource management (CPRM) (Ostrom, 1990), which focus on getting the institutions right.","The rationale for IMT is to relieve the government of the financial burden of funding recurrent expenditures for irrigation, improve the maintenance of irrigation facilities, promote a culture of self-reliance among farmers in irrigation schemes and enhance the productivity of irrigated land and water (Vermillion, 1997; Hassan, 2011).","The study also sought to unpack the challenges around irrigation governance systems, participation of irrigators in irrigation management according to the IMT approach, variations in average water values and water-use security at farm level, which have all been contextualized in the following section.","Others view IMT as a way of improving management of scheme infrastructure by instilling accountability and eliminating government dependency syndrome by the irrigators (Denison and Manona, 2007).","This is despite the fact that many countries, including South Africa, embarked on a process to transfer the management of state-managed irrigation systems from government agencies to water-users through IMT and PIM policies (Perret, 2002; Arun et al., 2012; Gomo et al., 2014a).","Furthermore, the government programmes are biased towards scheme rehabilitation and irrigation technology improvements with minimum focus on human capacity and institutional development (Denison and Manona, 2007; van-Averbeke et al., 2011).","…framework, the South African government also embarked on a scheme revitalisation process, that includes whole enterprise planning, human capital development, sustainable financial development strategy for schemes alongside repair and re-design of existing infrastructure (Denison and Manona, 2007).","Since 1997, the South African Government has focused on IMT of smallholder schemes from itself to plot holders and the rehabilitation of infrastructure (Cousins, 2013).","Drawing from several cases that attempted to contextualise the challenges of SISs in South Africa (Perret, 2002; Denison and Manona, 2007; Fanadzo et al., 2010), weak participation of irrigators in water management, inadequate institutional structures and inappropriate land tenure arrangements were…","Within the IMT framework, the South African government also embarked on a scheme revitalisation process, that includes whole enterprise planning, human capital development, sustainable financial development strategy for schemes alongside repair and re-design of existing infrastructure (Denison and Manona, 2007).","In South Africa, considerable attention has focused on irrigation infrastructure development to improve access, storage, regulation, movement and conservation of water (Denison and Manona, 2007).","The most recent approach includes the Irrigation Management and Transfer (IMT), which seeks to transfer the responsibility of managing, operating and maintenance of schemes from the government to the farmers (van-Averbeke, 2008).","Although the South African government has initiated IMT in SIS, most transfer operations are still unsure how to design and implement the process (Fanadzo, 2012)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],["background"],null,null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"],null,null,["background"],null,["background"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":1590267097,"citingcorpusid":201838782,"citedcorpusid":129389727,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2005) will likely cause plant community shifts in northern peatlands, as has been demonstrated by numerous studies (Minkkinen et al. 1999; Weltzin et al. 2001; Laiho et al. 2003; Brancaleoni and Gerdol 2014; Churchill et al. 2014; Pedrotti et al. 2014; Potvin et al. 2014; Dieleman et al. 2015; McPartland et al. 2019).","…likely cause plant community shifts in northern peatlands, as has been demonstrated by numerous studies (Minkkinen et al. 1999; Weltzin et al. 2001; Laiho et al. 2003; Brancaleoni and Gerdol 2014; Churchill et al. 2014; Pedrotti et al. 2014; Potvin et al. 2014; Dieleman et al. 2015; McPartland et…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":924724882,"citingcorpusid":35750872,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In pineapple,\nEscalona et al. (2003b) showed that the maximal photosynthetic rates\nas well as the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II were low for\nplantlets produced in TIB and grown at high photosynthetic photon\nflux (PPF).","The TIB system (Escalona et al., 1999) used containers with a volume capacity of 250 ml. The plantain shoots, after three subculture cycles on gelled medium, were used as starting material for TIB experiments. We used 10 inocula (longitudinally halved shoots from which the leaves and roots were removed) per bioreactor. Only shoots with a diameter of at least 3 mm were used. The propagation medium (PM) (10 ml per inoculum) consisted of MS salts and vitamins supplemented with 30 g l(21) sucrose and 4.44mM Metatopolin N(6)-(3-hydroxybenzyl adenine) (Escalona et al., 2003a). The pH was adjusted to 5.8 before autoclaving at 1218C and 118 kPa for 30 min. Shoots were immersed for 4 min every 3 h and then media withdrawn. Cultures were maintained at 258C under cool-white fluorescent lamps (photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) at 30–40mmol m(22) s(21) under a 16-h photoperiod). After 28 d on PM, the medium was changed to an elongation medium (EM 1⁄4 PM without plant growth regulator) for an additional 21 d. Five samples of main leaves (first fully expanded leaves) were taken at the end of the multiplication phase (0 d in elongation phase) and then every 7 d during the whole elongation phase (0–21 d). Growing conditions during acclimatization. Shoots from the TIB (2.5 cm height, 0.3 cm width, and at least two leaves) were transplanted to a sterilized substrate composed of filter cake sugarcane ashes and red soil (1:1, v:v) in multi-tray containers with 144 holes (length 52.5 £ width 29.5 £ height 4 cm) and placed in a growth room (28 ^ 18C, CO2 concentration of 375mmol mol(21), day/night regime of 16 h light and 8 h darkness, and PPF of 2000mmol m(22) s(21)). An automatic mist system that allows the relative humidity transition from 90% to 80% was employed. During this period (42 d) watering was 1 min every 30 min for the first 2 wk, the third and fourth weeks were 30 s every 30 min and the last 2 wk 15 s every 30 min. Survival was analyzed every 7 d for 42 d. Five samples of main leaves were taken at time of transplanting to soil (21 d elongation phase) and subsequently every 7 d over the following 42 d (21–63 d acclimatization). Morphological parameters. The following parameters were determined from 30 shoots and/or plantlets: plant height (cm), stem thickness (cm), number of leaves, length of the main leaf (cm), width of the main leaf (cm), number of roots, length of roots (cm), fresh weight (g), and dry weight (g; after drying the shoots for 72 h at 708C). Photosynthetic parameters. For measurement of the maximum photosynthetic capacity (Pn), fully expanded leaves were used between 4 and 5 h after the beginning of the photoperiod. We used a Portable CIRAS-2 Photosynthesis System (Europe, PP Systems, UK). The whole area of the cuvette (PLC6) was covered with young plantain leaf (2.5 cm(2)). The carbon dioxide concentration and the humidity of the air entering the leaf chamber were 375mmol mol(21) and 80%, respectively, under a controlled light intensity of 600mmol m(22) s(21) and environmental temperature. The measurements were performed on the leaves of five plants, with 10 repetitions per plant, for a total of 50 values. Prior to obtaining the experimental data, we measured the maximum light intensity at which photosynthesis was stable; this was a PPF of 600mmol m(22) s(21). Measurements were taken every 7 d throughout the elongation and acclimatization phases. Transpiration rate (mmol H2O m 22 s(21)) and net photosynthesis (mmol CO2 m 22 s(21)) were also determined. Enzyme extractions and assays. Leaf material (250 mg) was placed immediately after harvest in liquid nitrogen and ground with a mortar and pestle. Enzymes were extracted following the method described by Geigenberger and Stitt (1991) and the extract was filtered through cheesecloth (Miracloth) and centrifuged for 20 min at 15 000 £ g at 48C. For the sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14) and acid invertase (AI; EC 3.2.1.26), activities were determined using the procedure described by Van Quy et al. (2001). The reaction mixture for the SPS activity at pH 7.5 was incubated for 20 min at 308C, the reaction was stopped with 70ml (5.35 M) of KOH and the sucrose synthesis was determined by the anthrone method (Van Handel, 1968). For the AI activity, the reaction was run with 500ml of (50 mM) sodium acetate buffer and sucrose at pH 4.5, the reaction was incubated at 308C for 20 min, and the formation of hexoses was determined according to Miron and Schaffer (1991). The extracted enzymes, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31) and pyruvate kinase (PK; EC 2.7.1.40), were prepared by suspending the powdered plant material in 1 ml of 50 mM Hepes-KOH buffer containing 12 mM MgCl2, 1 mM ethyleneglycol-bis-(aminoethylether) (EGTA), 1 mM ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic (EDTA), 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), 10% glycerol, 2 mM benzamidine, and 2 mM amino-n-caproic acid at pH 7.4 according to Siegel and Stitt (1990). The catalyzed PEPC reaction was coupled with the malate dehydrogenase reaction and assayed at 258C by monitoring NADH utilization at 340 nm using a Pharmacia spectrophotometer.","The TIB system (Escalona et al., 1999) used containers with a volume capacity of 250 ml. The plantain shoots, after three subculture cycles on gelled medium, were used as starting material for TIB experiments. We used 10 inocula (longitudinally halved shoots from which the leaves and roots were removed) per bioreactor. Only shoots with a diameter of at least 3 mm were used. The propagation medium (PM) (10 ml per inoculum) consisted of MS salts and vitamins supplemented with 30 g l(21) sucrose and 4.44mM Metatopolin N(6)-(3-hydroxybenzyl adenine) (Escalona et al., 2003a). The pH was adjusted to 5.8 before autoclaving at 1218C and 118 kPa for 30 min. Shoots were immersed for 4 min every 3 h and then media withdrawn. Cultures were maintained at 258C under cool-white fluorescent lamps (photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) at 30–40mmol m(22) s(21) under a 16-h photoperiod). After 28 d on PM, the medium was changed to an elongation medium (EM 1⁄4 PM without plant growth regulator) for an additional 21 d. Five samples of main leaves (first fully expanded leaves) were taken at the end of the multiplication phase (0 d in elongation phase) and then every 7 d during the whole elongation phase (0–21 d). Growing conditions during acclimatization. Shoots from the TIB (2.5 cm height, 0.3 cm width, and at least two leaves) were transplanted to a sterilized substrate composed of filter cake sugarcane ashes and red soil (1:1, v:v) in multi-tray containers with 144 holes (length 52.5 £ width 29.5 £ height 4 cm) and placed in a growth room (28 ^ 18C, CO2 concentration of 375mmol mol(21), day/night regime of 16 h light and 8 h darkness, and PPF of 2000mmol m(22) s(21)). An automatic mist system that allows the relative humidity transition from 90% to 80% was employed. During this period (42 d) watering was 1 min every 30 min for the first 2 wk, the third and fourth weeks were 30 s every 30 min and the last 2 wk 15 s every 30 min. Survival was analyzed every 7 d for 42 d. Five samples of main leaves were taken at time of transplanting to soil (21 d elongation phase) and subsequently every 7 d over the following 42 d (21–63 d acclimatization). Morphological parameters. The following parameters were determined from 30 shoots and/or plantlets: plant height (cm), stem thickness (cm), number of leaves, length of the main leaf (cm), width of the main leaf (cm), number of roots, length of roots (cm), fresh weight (g), and dry weight (g; after drying the shoots for 72 h at 708C). Photosynthetic parameters. For measurement of the maximum photosynthetic capacity (Pn), fully expanded leaves were used between 4 and 5 h after the beginning of the photoperiod. We used a Portable CIRAS-2 Photosynthesis System (Europe, PP Systems, UK). The whole area of the cuvette (PLC6) was covered with young plantain leaf (2.5 cm(2)). The carbon dioxide concentration and the humidity of the air entering the leaf chamber were 375mmol mol(21) and 80%, respectively, under a controlled light intensity of 600mmol m(22) s(21) and environmental temperature. The measurements were performed on the leaves of five plants, with 10 repetitions per plant, for a total of 50 values. Prior to obtaining the experimental data, we measured the maximum light intensity at which photosynthesis was stable; this was a PPF of 600mmol m(22) s(21). Measurements were taken every 7 d throughout the elongation and acclimatization phases. Transpiration rate (mmol H2O m 22 s(21)) and net photosynthesis (mmol CO2 m 22 s(21)) were also determined. Enzyme extractions and assays. Leaf material (250 mg) was placed immediately after harvest in liquid nitrogen and ground with a mortar and pestle. Enzymes were extracted following the method described by Geigenberger and Stitt (1991) and the extract was filtered through cheesecloth (Miracloth) and centrifuged for 20 min at 15 000 £ g at 48C. For the sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14) and acid invertase (AI; EC 3.2.1.26), activities were determined using the procedure described by Van Quy et al. (2001). The reaction mixture for the SPS activity at pH 7.5 was incubated for 20 min at 308C, the reaction was stopped with 70ml (5.35 M) of KOH and the sucrose synthesis was determined by the anthrone method (Van Handel, 1968). For the AI activity, the reaction was run with 500ml of (50 mM) sodium acetate buffer and sucrose at pH 4.5, the reaction was incubated at 308C for 20 min, and the formation of hexoses was determined according to Miron and Schaffer (1991). The extracted enzymes, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31) and pyruvate kinase (PK; EC 2.7.1.40), were prepared by suspending the powdered plant material in 1 ml of 50 mM Hepes-KOH buffer containing 12 mM MgCl2, 1 mM ethyleneglycol-bis-(aminoethylether) (EGTA), 1 mM ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic (EDTA), 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), 10% glycerol, 2 mM benzamidine, and 2 mM amino-n-caproic acid at pH 7.4 according to Siegel and Stitt (1990). The catalyzed PEPC reaction was coupled with the malate dehydrogenase reaction and assayed at 258C by monitoring NADH utilization at 340 nm using a Pharmacia spectrophotometer. Standard assay solution contained in 1 ml of final solution as in Van Quy et al. (1991) has 718ml of 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.","The TIB system (Escalona et al., 1999) used containers with a volume capacity of 250 ml. The plantain shoots, after three subculture cycles on gelled medium, were used as starting material for TIB experiments. We used 10 inocula (longitudinally halved shoots from which the leaves and roots were removed) per bioreactor. Only shoots with a diameter of at least 3 mm were used. The propagation medium (PM) (10 ml per inoculum) consisted of MS salts and vitamins supplemented with 30 g l(21) sucrose and 4.44mM Metatopolin N(6)-(3-hydroxybenzyl adenine) (Escalona et al., 2003a). The pH was adjusted to 5.8 before autoclaving at 1218C and 118 kPa for 30 min. Shoots were immersed for 4 min every 3 h and then media withdrawn. Cultures were maintained at 258C under cool-white fluorescent lamps (photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) at 30–40mmol m(22) s(21) under a 16-h photoperiod). After 28 d on PM, the medium was changed to an elongation medium (EM 1⁄4 PM without plant growth regulator) for an additional 21 d. Five samples of main leaves (first fully expanded leaves) were taken at the end of the multiplication phase (0 d in elongation phase) and then every 7 d during the whole elongation phase (0–21 d). Growing conditions during acclimatization. Shoots from the TIB (2.5 cm height, 0.3 cm width, and at least two leaves) were transplanted to a sterilized substrate composed of filter cake sugarcane ashes and red soil (1:1, v:v) in multi-tray containers with 144 holes (length 52.5 £ width 29.5 £ height 4 cm) and placed in a growth room (28 ^ 18C, CO2 concentration of 375mmol mol(21), day/night regime of 16 h light and 8 h darkness, and PPF of 2000mmol m(22) s(21)). An automatic mist system that allows the relative humidity transition from 90% to 80% was employed. During this period (42 d) watering was 1 min every 30 min for the first 2 wk, the third and fourth weeks were 30 s every 30 min and the last 2 wk 15 s every 30 min. Survival was analyzed every 7 d for 42 d. Five samples of main leaves were taken at time of transplanting to soil (21 d elongation phase) and subsequently every 7 d over the following 42 d (21–63 d acclimatization). Morphological parameters. The following parameters were determined from 30 shoots and/or plantlets: plant height (cm), stem thickness (cm), number of leaves, length of the main leaf (cm), width of the main leaf (cm), number of roots, length of roots (cm), fresh weight (g), and dry weight (g; after drying the shoots for 72 h at 708C). Photosynthetic parameters. For measurement of the maximum photosynthetic capacity (Pn), fully expanded leaves were used between 4 and 5 h after the beginning of the photoperiod. We used a Portable CIRAS-2 Photosynthesis System (Europe, PP Systems, UK). The whole area of the cuvette (PLC6) was covered with young plantain leaf (2.5 cm(2)). The carbon dioxide concentration and the humidity of the air entering the leaf chamber were 375mmol mol(21) and 80%, respectively, under a controlled light intensity of 600mmol m(22) s(21) and environmental temperature. The measurements were performed on the leaves of five plants, with 10 repetitions per plant, for a total of 50 values. Prior to obtaining the experimental data, we measured the maximum light intensity at which photosynthesis was stable; this was a PPF of 600mmol m(22) s(21). Measurements were taken every 7 d throughout the elongation and acclimatization phases. Transpiration rate (mmol H2O m 22 s(21)) and net photosynthesis (mmol CO2 m 22 s(21)) were also determined. Enzyme extractions and assays. Leaf material (250 mg) was placed immediately after harvest in liquid nitrogen and ground with a mortar and pestle. Enzymes were extracted following the method described by Geigenberger and Stitt (1991) and the extract was filtered through cheesecloth (Miracloth) and centrifuged for 20 min at 15 000 £ g at 48C. For the sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14) and acid invertase (AI; EC 3.2.1.26), activities were determined using the procedure described by Van Quy et al. (2001). The reaction mixture for the SPS activity at pH 7.5 was incubated for 20 min at 308C, the reaction was stopped with 70ml (5.35 M) of KOH and the sucrose synthesis was determined by the anthrone method (Van Handel, 1968). For the AI activity, the reaction was run with 500ml of (50 mM) sodium acetate buffer and sucrose at pH 4.5, the reaction was incubated at 308C for 20 min, and the formation of hexoses was determined according to Miron and Schaffer (1991). The extracted enzymes, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.","The TIB system (Escalona et al., 1999) used containers with a volume capacity of 250 ml. The plantain shoots, after three subculture cycles on gelled medium, were used as starting material for TIB experiments. We used 10 inocula (longitudinally halved shoots from which the leaves and roots were removed) per bioreactor. Only shoots with a diameter of at least 3 mm were used. The propagation medium (PM) (10 ml per inoculum) consisted of MS salts and vitamins supplemented with 30 g l(21) sucrose and 4.44mM Metatopolin N(6)-(3-hydroxybenzyl adenine) (Escalona et al., 2003a). The pH was adjusted to 5.8 before autoclaving at 1218C and 118 kPa for 30 min. Shoots were immersed for 4 min every 3 h and then media withdrawn. Cultures were maintained at 258C under cool-white fluorescent lamps (photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) at 30–40mmol m(22) s(21) under a 16-h photoperiod). After 28 d on PM, the medium was changed to an elongation medium (EM 1⁄4 PM without plant growth regulator) for an additional 21 d. Five samples of main leaves (first fully expanded leaves) were taken at the end of the multiplication phase (0 d in elongation phase) and then every 7 d during the whole elongation phase (0–21 d). Growing conditions during acclimatization. Shoots from the TIB (2.5 cm height, 0.3 cm width, and at least two leaves) were transplanted to a sterilized substrate composed of filter cake sugarcane ashes and red soil (1:1, v:v) in multi-tray containers with 144 holes (length 52.5 £ width 29.5 £ height 4 cm) and placed in a growth room (28 ^ 18C, CO2 concentration of 375mmol mol(21), day/night regime of 16 h light and 8 h darkness, and PPF of 2000mmol m(22) s(21)). An automatic mist system that allows the relative humidity transition from 90% to 80% was employed. During this period (42 d) watering was 1 min every 30 min for the first 2 wk, the third and fourth weeks were 30 s every 30 min and the last 2 wk 15 s every 30 min. Survival was analyzed every 7 d for 42 d. Five samples of main leaves were taken at time of transplanting to soil (21 d elongation phase) and subsequently every 7 d over the following 42 d (21–63 d acclimatization). Morphological parameters. The following parameters were determined from 30 shoots and/or plantlets: plant height (cm), stem thickness (cm), number of leaves, length of the main leaf (cm), width of the main leaf (cm), number of roots, length of roots (cm), fresh weight (g), and dry weight (g; after drying the shoots for 72 h at 708C). Photosynthetic parameters. For measurement of the maximum photosynthetic capacity (Pn), fully expanded leaves were used between 4 and 5 h after the beginning of the photoperiod. We used a Portable CIRAS-2 Photosynthesis System (Europe, PP Systems, UK). The whole area of the cuvette (PLC6) was covered with young plantain leaf (2.5 cm(2)). The carbon dioxide concentration and the humidity of the air entering the leaf chamber were 375mmol mol(21) and 80%, respectively, under a controlled light intensity of 600mmol m(22) s(21) and environmental temperature. The measurements were performed on the leaves of five plants, with 10 repetitions per plant, for a total of 50 values. Prior to obtaining the experimental data, we measured the maximum light intensity at which photosynthesis was stable; this was a PPF of 600mmol m(22) s(21). Measurements were taken every 7 d throughout the elongation and acclimatization phases. Transpiration rate (mmol H2O m 22 s(21)) and net photosynthesis (mmol CO2 m 22 s(21)) were also determined. Enzyme extractions and assays. Leaf material (250 mg) was placed immediately after harvest in liquid nitrogen and ground with a mortar and pestle. Enzymes were extracted following the method described by Geigenberger and Stitt (1991) and the extract was filtered through cheesecloth (Miracloth) and centrifuged for 20 min at 15 000 £ g at 48C. For the sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14) and acid invertase (AI; EC 3.2.1.26), activities were determined using the procedure described by Van Quy et al. (2001). The reaction mixture for the SPS activity at pH 7.","In pineapple, Escalona et al. (2003b) showed that the maximal photosynthetic rates","The propagation medium (PM) (10 ml per inoculum) consisted of MS salts and vitamins supplemented with 30 g l21 sucrose and 4.44mM Metatopolin N6-(3-hydroxybenzyl adenine) (Escalona et al., 2003a).","…a micropropaga-\ntion approach which has been investigated by many (Aitken-\nChristie et al., 1995; Teisson and Alvard, 1995; Levin et al., 1998;\nJimenez et al., 1999; Lorenzo et al., 2001; Etienne and Berthouly,\n2002; Escalona et al., 2003a), and it has been proven to have\nquantitative advantages.","The TIB system (Escalona et al., 1999) used containers with a volume capacity of 250 ml. The plantain shoots, after three subculture cycles on gelled medium, were used as starting material for TIB experiments. We used 10 inocula (longitudinally halved shoots from which the leaves and roots were removed) per bioreactor. Only shoots with a diameter of at least 3 mm were used. The propagation medium (PM) (10 ml per inoculum) consisted of MS salts and vitamins supplemented with 30 g l(21) sucrose and 4.44mM Metatopolin N(6)-(3-hydroxybenzyl adenine) (Escalona et al., 2003a). The pH was adjusted to 5.8 before autoclaving at 1218C and 118 kPa for 30 min. Shoots were immersed for 4 min every 3 h and then media withdrawn. Cultures were maintained at 258C under cool-white fluorescent lamps (photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) at 30–40mmol m(22) s(21) under a 16-h photoperiod). After 28 d on PM, the medium was changed to an elongation medium (EM 1⁄4 PM without plant growth regulator) for an additional 21 d. Five samples of main leaves (first fully expanded leaves) were taken at the end of the multiplication phase (0 d in elongation phase) and then every 7 d during the whole elongation phase (0–21 d). Growing conditions during acclimatization. Shoots from the TIB (2.5 cm height, 0.3 cm width, and at least two leaves) were transplanted to a sterilized substrate composed of filter cake sugarcane ashes and red soil (1:1, v:v) in multi-tray containers with 144 holes (length 52.5 £ width 29.5 £ height 4 cm) and placed in a growth room (28 ^ 18C, CO2 concentration of 375mmol mol(21), day/night regime of 16 h light and 8 h darkness, and PPF of 2000mmol m(22) s(21)). An automatic mist system that allows the relative humidity transition from 90% to 80% was employed. During this period (42 d) watering was 1 min every 30 min for the first 2 wk, the third and fourth weeks were 30 s every 30 min and the last 2 wk 15 s every 30 min. Survival was analyzed every 7 d for 42 d. Five samples of main leaves were taken at time of transplanting to soil (21 d elongation phase) and subsequently every 7 d over the following 42 d (21–63 d acclimatization). Morphological parameters. The following parameters were determined from 30 shoots and/or plantlets: plant height (cm), stem thickness (cm), number of leaves, length of the main leaf (cm), width of the main leaf (cm), number of roots, length of roots (cm), fresh weight (g), and dry weight (g; after drying the shoots for 72 h at 708C). Photosynthetic parameters. For measurement of the maximum photosynthetic capacity (Pn), fully expanded leaves were used between 4 and 5 h after the beginning of the photoperiod. We used a Portable CIRAS-2 Photosynthesis System (Europe, PP Systems, UK). The whole area of the cuvette (PLC6) was covered with young plantain leaf (2.5 cm(2)). The carbon dioxide concentration and the humidity of the air entering the leaf chamber were 375mmol mol(21) and 80%, respectively, under a controlled light intensity of 600mmol m(22) s(21) and environmental temperature. The measurements were performed on the leaves of five plants, with 10 repetitions per plant, for a total of 50 values. Prior to obtaining the experimental data, we measured the maximum light intensity at which photosynthesis was stable; this was a PPF of 600mmol m(22) s(21). Measurements were taken every 7 d throughout the elongation and acclimatization phases. Transpiration rate (mmol H2O m 22 s(21)) and net photosynthesis (mmol CO2 m 22 s(21)) were also determined. Enzyme extractions and assays. Leaf material (250 mg) was placed immediately after harvest in liquid nitrogen and ground with a mortar and pestle. Enzymes were extracted following the method described by Geigenberger and Stitt (1991) and the extract was filtered through cheesecloth (Miracloth) and centrifuged for 20 min at 15 000 £ g at 48C."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,null,["background"],["methodology"],["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":5072320586,"citingcorpusid":152043958,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["One could argue that the qualities of an overseer also arise out of circumstances, since he must be a house owner with a wife and children (cf. Campbell 1994), but most of his qualities are related to character.","13 He argues that the ―elders‖ mentioned in Jewish contexts of the NT (namely the gospels and Acts) were not office holders in the synagogue, but leaders imbued with authority who could offer counsel to local communities on the basis of their age, Heb 8:13: ―what is obsolete and growing old (ghra/skon) will soon disappear‖ (NRSV) 12 The development of offices in the early church has received much attention in scholarship since the late 19 th century, often strongly coloured (however implicitly) by scholars‘ diverging Protestant and Catholic views of leadership (see discussions in Burtchaell 1992:1-184; Campbell 1997:11-17). In this section I refer exclusively to male leadership. Bonnie Thurston‘s study on the order of widows (1989) arguably belongs to a discussion of old age and leadership, but I will discuss her work in the section on women (see below, §3.2.2). 13 The typical view of the development of the ―three-fold‖ ministry of bishop, deacon and elder is probably best exemplified by Hans von Campenhausen (1969). In this view, when the church became less apocalyptic and more ―settled‖ in the late first century, charismatic gifts that functioned in harmony in Pauline churches (as exemplified by traveling apostles and prophets) were replaced by offices of leadership.","Campbell reasonably assumes that attitudes toward the elderly were relatively stable through the first several generations of the church. Though critiqued by Elliott for not being rigorous enough in a social-scientific manner (2003), Campbell‘s study takes a significant step toward considering age as a social category in early Christian communities.","13 He argues that the ―elders‖ mentioned in Jewish contexts of the NT (namely the gospels and Acts) were not office holders in the synagogue, but leaders imbued with authority who could offer counsel to local communities on the basis of their age, Heb 8:13: ―what is obsolete and growing old (ghra/skon) will soon disappear‖ (NRSV) 12 The development of offices in the early church has received much attention in scholarship since the late 19 th century, often strongly coloured (however implicitly) by scholars‘ diverging Protestant and Catholic views of leadership (see discussions in Burtchaell 1992:1-184; Campbell 1997:11-17). In this section I refer exclusively to male leadership. Bonnie Thurston‘s study on the order of widows (1989) arguably belongs to a discussion of old age and leadership, but I will discuss her work in the section on women (see below, §3.","Campbell (1994). However, Campbell, who also equates them with Judean elders, is more cognizant of age being an issue in this context.","‖ 548 The relationship between the overseer and elders is a long debated issue (see Campbell 1994; Burtchaell 1992; Chapter 1), mostly focused on leadership function and titles. I am not as interested in this debate as I am in the appearance of the elders in 1 Tim 5. 549 Campbell has much to say about age that is valuable, although his argument for a monarchical episcopate relies too heavily on Ignatius with little corroborating evidence. Similar to Campbell, Johnson posits a single overseer ―who functions as part of a  ̳board of elders‘‖ based on 1 Tim 4:14, hinging on 1 Tim 5:17 where elders ―govern‖ as a ―basic job‖ with potentially other duties ―depending on gifts and needs‖ (1996:218). 550 Burtchaell reiterates von Campenhausen‘s argument that church order can be derived from the Jewish synagogue of the Second Temple period. He posits that Christians would have used the normative Jewish organization as the basis of their own, eventually altering roles and terminology to distinguish themselves from their Jewish roots. In the early church, power was in the hands of the charismatic leaders, namely prophets and apostles, while the officers (especially elders) presided in the background. When the church‘s unity was challenged, the officers became more powerful and important in maintaining order (1992)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
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Soy formula might be an acceptable alternative, especially in infants older than 6 months; however, cautious introduction is warranted because of the potential for coreactivity between patients with soy-induced FPIES and those with CM-induced FPIES.","org).(4,5,8,9,16,22) Infants with CM/soy-induced FPIES at less than 2 months of age were significantly more likely to manifest diarrhea, blood in stool, and FTT compared with those presenting at more than 2 months of age (P < .","1 years, and in the United Kingdom 25% of the patients had CM-induced FPIES persist at 8 years of age.(5,103) Data from the same large US case series noted that median ages of resolution were 4.","The average reported age of tolerance to soy is approximately 12 months but ranges from 6 months to greater than 22 years of age.(4,5,17) In a large population-based cohort study from Israel, for patients with CM-induced FPIES, 60% had tolerance by 1 year, 75% by 2 years, and 85% by 3 years.","In a large US case series at a tertiary care center, about 5% to 10% of children reacted to more than 3 foods, some to as many as 6 or more foods.(4,5) Children with either CM- or soy-induced FPIES can also react to both foods, with this likelihood being higher among those who had symptoms of FPIES in the first month of life, although the risk (Table VIII) or odds of this occurring are not known.","Rice is the most commonly reported grain trigger, except in Italy.18 Combined rice/oat-induced FPIES has been reported in almost a third of cases of rice-induced FPIES in both the United States and Australia.4,5,9 In contrast, fishinduced FPIES is common in Italy and Spain but less common\nelsewhere.18,19 Multiple factors can be involved to explain this geographic variation, including differences in the populations studied in the case series, presence of atopic disease, breastfeeding and dietary practices, and yet-to-be-discovered genetic factors.11,12,17,20\nFPIES occurs once CM or soy-based formulas, solid foods, or both are introduced into the infant’s diet, usually between 2 and 7 months of age.4,8,9,12,16,18,21 Infants with CM- and soyinduced FPIES typically present at a younger age ( 6 months) compared with those with solid food–induced FPIES (6-12 months) reflecting earlier introduction of CM and soy.","%) have FPIES to a single food, most commonly CM.4,5,9 In a large US case series at a tertiary care center, about 5% to 10% of children reacted to more than 3 foods, some to as many as 6 or more foods.4,5 Children with either CM- or soy-induced FPIES can also react to both foods, with this likelihood being higher among those who had symptoms of FPIES in the first month of life, although the risk (Table VIII) or odds of this occurring are not known.4,6,57 In these infants with early onset of FPIES, it might be prudent to breastfeed or introduce a hypoallergenic formula in the first 6 to 12 months of life, although data pertaining to primary/secondary FPIES prevention do not exist.","These criteria differ from Powell and Sicherer’s criteria in that they eliminate an age limit for onset of FPIES and emphasize repetitive vomiting as a cardinal feature of acute FPIES based on more recent literature.(5,6,8,9,11,12,18,28,41) Specific major and minor criteria for acute FPIES are provided based on the collective published evidence.","[Strength of recommendation: Strong; Evidence strength: III; Evidence grade: C] The majority of children (65% to 80%) have FPIES to a single food, most commonly CM.(4,5,9) In a large US case series at a tertiary care center, about 5% to 10% of children reacted to more than 3 foods, some to as many as 6 or more foods.","Combined rice/oat-induced FPIES has been reported in almost a third of cases of rice-induced FPIES in both the United States and Australia.(4,5,9) In contrast, fishinduced FPIES is common in Italy and Spain but less common elsewhere.","In pooling the available data from multiple small cohorts, the age of CM tolerance appears to be around 3 years, but recent large cohorts found a later age of tolerance.(5,9-12,18,36,37,49,54,57,81,94-102) However, these data were not derived from a targeted study to determine a firm age of resolution and thus might be biased toward older ages.","In contrast, retrospective series from the United States report lower rates of resolution of FPIES to CM or soy: 35% by age 2 years, 70% by age 3 years, and 85% by age 5 years.(4,5) These differences likely reflect various study designs, provider preferences, international differences in the approach to such patients, or selection bias towardmore severe and persistent phenotype among children evaluated at the referral allergy centers compared with those identified from the general population.","US, Italian, and Australian case series have not assessed prenatal or postnatal risk factors.(5,8,9,16-18,22,30,31) Summary Statement 6: Consider FPIES a heterogeneous disorder associated with a number of geographic variations in the features of disease, representing a spectrum of ‘‘syndromes’’ as opposed to a uniform ‘‘syndrome."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1021576472,"citingcorpusid":88824001,"citedcorpusid":21585738,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…subdivided into three treatments: (1) dH2O -washed control, (2) 10 -4 M FD, and (3) both 10 -4 M ABA and 10 -4 M FD. Previous studies had determined 10 -4 M ABA to be the optimal concentration for exogenous application during suberin formation (Soliday et al., 1978; Cottle and Kolattukudy, 1982).","Soliday et al. (1978) tested for hormonal control of suberization, using diffusion resistance as a proxy for development of biopolymer formation.","Soliday et al. (1978) proposed that ABA formation postwounding led to the activation of a water soluble Suberin-Inducing Factor (SIF)\n181\nresponsible for inducing suberin biosynthesis.","Thirty-eight years ago, Soliday et al. (1978) began an investigation into the effect\nof different hormones on suberin deposition in wounded tubers resulting in two important insights.","In the context of aliphatic suberin biosynthesis, ABA plays a role in upregulation of 18:1 ω-hydroxy fatty acids and α, ω-dioic acids (Soliday et al., 1978), as well as to impact the functionality of the suberin barrier in potato tubers as measured by the resistance of water vapour diffusion across…","…Genes in Potato\nThe effect of ABA on suberization was initially investigated over 35 years ago,\nwith experiments measuring the effect of ABA post-wounding on water permeability and C18:1 dioic acid accumulation post-wounding in tubers (Soliday et al., 1978; Cottle and Kolattukudy, 1982).","Over three decades ago, wound-induced aliphatic suberin deposition in Russet\nBurbank potato tubers was found to be upregulated with the application of exogenous ABA (Soliday et al., 1978; Cottle and Kolattukudy 1982)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4721244541,"citingcorpusid":234872582,"citedcorpusid":17596474,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These approaches were used besides LP to get valuable results[23, 24, 25].","Many researchers used LP to optimize the feed mix cost based on livestock requirements[23, 24].","that aims to maximize the net income [24].","Several researchers found that LP with a Simplex method helps to get an optimum land allocation plan [10], [24], [36].","Different methods can be used to identify the best allocation of the land, [24], used a Simplex method to determine land distribution to optimize different kinds of crops, which are Wheat, Rice, Pulses, Maize, and other crops."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1899687183,"citingcorpusid":216072209,"citedcorpusid":1928877,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These databases are CARD [8], ResFinder [26], ResfinderFG [27], ARDB [28], MEGARes [29], NDARO [9], ARG-ANNOT [30], Mustard [31], FARME [32], SARG(v2) [10], Lahey list of β-lactamases [33], BLDB [34], LacED [35, 36], CBMAR [37] , MUBII-TB-DB [38], and u-CARE [39].","These databases are CARD [8], ResFinder [26], ResfinderFG [27], ARDB [28], MEGARes [29], NDARO [9], ARG-ANNOT [30], Mustard [31], FARME [32], SARG(v2) [10], La-hey list of β -lactamases [33], BLDB [34], LacED [35, 36], CBMAR [37] , MUBII-TB-DB [38], and u-CARE [39]."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
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atomes.................................................................73 Figure 38 : Représentation de la courbe du potentiel de Lennard Jones............................................74 Figure 39 : Représentation du potentiel électrostatique en fonction de la distance rij.......................75 Figure 40 : Illustration des états BI à gauche et BII à droite d'un pas CpA.......................................78 Figure 41 : Pourcentages de BII le long du dodécamère de Drew-Dickerson...................................79 Figure 42 : Pourcentages de BI le long du dodécamère de Drew-Dickerson.....................................80 Figure 43 : Pourcentage de BII le long du dodécamère de Drew-Dickerson.....................................81 Figure 44 : Profil d’énergie potentielle de biomolécules le long d'une direction.............................139 Figure 45 : Les conditions aux bords périodiques............................................................................140 Figure 46 : Méthodes de lissage de l’énergie de van der Waals.......................................................142 Figure 47 : Triangulation de Delaunay.............................................................................................150 Figure 48 : Diagramme de Voronoï..................................................................................................151 Figure 49 : Dualité des diagrammes de Delaunay et Voronoï..........................................................152 Figure 50 : Schéma de la liaison hydrogène.....................................................................................156 Figure 51 : Les interactions hydrophobes........................................................................................159 Figure 52 : Cartes de contact............................................................................................................161 Figure 53 : Histogramme des contacts hydrophobes........................................................................162 Figure 54 : Histogramme des contacts électrostatiques...................................................................163 Figure 55 : Comparaison VLDM et PDIdb......................................................................................164 Figure 56 : Rayon de giration (Rg, Å) et écart quadratique moyen (RMSD, Å) des ADN mutés.. .219\n4\nFigure 57 : Fluctuations atomiques (RMSF, Å) des ADN mutés au sein du nucléosome................220 Figure 58 : Les appariements de base des ADN mutés au sein du nucléosome...............................221 Figure 59 : Écart quadratique moyen (RMSD, Å) des cœurs structurées des histones au sein des nucléosomes comportant une séquence d’ADN mutée....................................................................222 Figure 60 : Fluctuations atomiques (RMSF, Å) des histones au sein des nucléosomes contenant un séquence d’ADN mutée....................................................................................................................223 Figure 61 : Région C-terminale de la chaîne C de H2A dans SYS5................................................224 Figure 62 : Contacts des acides aminés des histones avec l’ADN...................................................225 Figure 63 : Contacts des résidus de l’ADN avec les histones..........................................................226 Figure 64 : Les interfaces hydrophobe et électrostatique entre les régions de l’ADN et les cœurs structurés des histones......................................................................................................................227 Figure 65: Comparaison des contacts de l’ADN avec les cœurs d’histone entre systèmes 601 et mutés.................................................................................................................................................228 Figure 66 : Distance inter-hélice et aire de contact ADN-cations dans les systèmes mutés............229 Figure 67 : Rayon de giration (Rg, Å) et écart quadratique moyen (RMSD, Å) de l’ADN nucléosomal en présence et en absence des queues d’histone..........................................................231 Figure 68 : Fluctuations atomiques (RMSF, Å) de l’ADN nucléosomal en présence et en absence des queues d’histone.........................................................................................................................232 Figure 69 : Conformation de l’ADN dans le nucléosome en présence et en absence des queues d’histone...........................................................................................................................................233 Figure 70 : Les appariements des bases de l’ADN nucléosomal en présence et en absence des queues d’histone...............................................................................................................................233 Figure 71 : Écarts quadratique moyen (RMSD, Å) des cœurs structurés des histones en présence et en absence des queues......................................................................................................................234 Figure 72 : Fluctuations atomiques (RMSF, Å) des cœurs d’histone en présence et en absence des queues...............................................................................................................................................235 Figure 73 : Structure de H2B dans le SYS0-bis...............................................................................235 Figure 74 : Contacts ADN-cœurs structurés en absence des queues d’histone................................236 Figure 75 : Hélice α1 de H2B...........................................................................................................237 Figure 76 : Les interfaces hydrophobe et électrostatique entre les régions de l’ADN et les cœurs structurés des histones en présence et en absence des queues..........................................................238 Figure 77 : Comparaison des contacts de l’ADN avec les cœurs d’histone entre systèmes avec et sans queues.......................................................................................................................................239 Figure 78 : Distance inter-hélice et aire de contact ADN-cations....................................................240 Figure 79 : Arginines du cœur structuré des histones contactant l'ADN..........................................241 Figure 80 : Exemples des trois principaux modes de contact des arginines du cœur structuré des histones avec l'ADN.........................................................................................................................242 Figure 81 : Distribution des distances caractérisant la position des arginines dans le petit sillon de l'ADN................................................................................................................................................245 Figure 82 : Aire de contact et position des arginines des cœurs structurés d’histone dans le petit sillon de l’ADN................................................................................................................................246 Figure 83 : Distribution des aires de contacts des arginines des cœurs structurés d'histones interagissant avec les petits sillons de l'ADN...................................................................................247 Figure 84 : Vues des arginines appartenant aux cœurs structurés des histones et contactant le petit sillon de l'ADN.................................................................................................................................250 Figure 85 : Élongation des chaînes latérales des arginines contactant le petit sillon.......................251 Figure 86 : Aires moyennes des contacts des différentes configurations des arginines des cœurs structurés d’histone en interaction avec le petit sillon de l’ADN.....................................................252 Figure 87 : Positions des Ca des arginines du cœur structuré par rapport aux petits sillons............254 Figure 88 : Représentation schématique des sillons de l'ADN et mesure de la largueur du petit\n5\nsillon.................................................................................................................................................256 Figure 89 : Largeur des petits sillons contactés par des arginines....................................................258 Figure 90 : Aire de contact et positionnement des arginines des queues d’histone dans le petit sillon de l’ADN..........................................................................................................................................261 Figure 91 : Distribution des distances caractérisant la position des arginines dans le petit sillon de l'ADN................................................................................................................................................262 Figure 92 : Aires moyennes des contacts des différentes configurations des arginines des queues non structurés d’histone en interaction avec le petit sillon de l’ADN.....................................................264 Figure 93 : Élongation des chaînes latérales des arginines contactant le petit sillon des différents groupes des queues...........................................................................................................................264 Figure 94 :Positions du Ca de l'arginine H4-R17 dans le petit sillon de l'ADN..............................266 Figure 95 : Vues des arginines de la région de la queue de H2B qui traverse les deux hélices superposées de l’ADN......................................................................................................................267 Figure 96 : RMSD et Rg moyens de l’ADN....................................................................................272 Figure 97 : RMSF des brins I de l’ADN..........................................................................................272 Figure 98 : RMSD moyens des cœurs structurés des histones.........................................................274 Figure 99 : RMSF des histones dans les SYS1 et SYS2-bis............................................................275 Figure 100 : Structures secondaires des histones dans les SYS1 et SYS2-bis.................................276 Figure 101 : Superposition des histones H2A issues des MDL (gris) et MDB (rouge) du SYS1....276 Figure 102: Les contacts ADN-cœurs d’histone..............................................................................277 Figure 103 : Les contacts ADN-boucle L2 de la chaîne G de H2A dans les MDL et MDB............278 Figure 104 : Les contacts ADN-queues d’histones..........................................................................279 Figure 105 : Les aires de contacts histone-histone dans les SYS1 et SYS2-bis...............................281 Figure 106 : Les appariements Watson-Crick des paires de base.....................................................287 Figure 107 : Représentation schématique des angles de torsion du squelette nucléotidique entre 2 phosphates........................................................................................................................................288 Figure 108 : Conformations du sucre de l’ADN..............................................................................289 Figure 109 : Les paramètres hélicoïdaux..........................................................................................290 Figure 110 : Petit et Grand sillon de l’ADN.....................................................................................291","Concernant l'assemblage, il a été clairement montré très tôt qu'in vitro, l'ADN est\nd'abord contacté par le tétramère (H3-H4)2 puis par les dimères H2A-H2B (Crémisi and Yaniv, 1980; Jackson et al., 1981; Worcel et al., 1978).","Les protéines chaperons des histones sont communément classées suivant leur spécificité pour le dimère H2A-H2B, pour le tétramère (H3-H4) 2, ou\n41\nencore pour les variants d’histones (Mattiroli et al., 2015).","Avec les deux séquences, le schéma « d’abord (H3-H4)2 puis H2A-H2B » est globalement respecté, mais les résultats révèlent un mécanisme plus subtil, avec des étapes intermédiaires dynamiques, modulées par la séquence de l’ADN (Hatakeyama et al., 2016).","37\nEnfin, nous citerons que l’application d’une torsion d'une fibre de chromatine conte-\nnant la séquence 5S a suggéré que la dissociation des dimères H2A-H2B laissait un tétrasome (ADN et (H3-H4)2) en équilibre entre deux conformations différant par le sens d'enroulement de l'ADN (main droite ou main gauche) autour de (H3-H4)2 (Bancaud et al., 2007).","Z présente un élargissement de la région chargée négativement (ou « acidic patch ») à la surface du dimère H2A-H2B impliqué dans des contacts inter-nucléosomes avec la queue de H4, une diminution du nombre de liaisons hydrogène dans l'interface entre la région C-terminale non structurée de H2A et le tétramère (H3-H4)2 et enfin, une variation structurale au niveau de la boucle L1 qui contacte l'ADN mais qui a été récemment mise en cause dans une autre structure cristallographique (Horikoshi et al., 2016).","Ainsi, les données obtenues avec des nucléosomes formés avec la séquence d'ADN 5S ont été interprétées par les événements successifs suivants : dissociation des extrémités de l'ADN des dimères H2A-H2B, puis relargage des dimères H2A-H2B, suivi par le départ du tetramère (H3-H4)2 (Park et al., 2004).","D'autre part, des images AFM montrent que ce sont les extrémités de l'ADN, là où se fixent H2A-H2B, qui se désengagent du nucléosome avant le centre de l'ADN où interagit (H3-H4)2 (Hagerman et al., 2009; Miyagi et al., 2011; Shlyakhtenko et al., 2009).","Parmi les structures intermédiaires possibles (Figure 16), les données appuient une voie de dissociation qui débuterait par une rupture de l’interface entre le tétramère (H3-H4)2 et les dimères H2A-H2B, puis se continuerait par le départ de H2A-H2B associé à la libération des extrémités de l'ADN et enfin par la dissociation entre (H3-H4)2 et la partie centrale de l'ADN.","À mesure que l’on s’éloigne du centre de l'ADN et que l'on va vers les régions contactées par H2A-H2B, le nombre de liaisons hydrogène apparaît de plus en plus réduit (Davey et al., 2002).","En particulier, la rupture de l'interface entre le tétramère (H3-H4)2 et les dimères H2A-H2B précédemment postulée comme l'étape initiale du désassemblage d'un nucléosome contenant la séquence 601 (Böhm et al., 2011) n'est ici compatible qu'avec les données obtenues sur le nucléosome contenant la séquence 5S.","Ces résultats peuvent être reliés à l'observation que, dans des modélisations, ces queues sont impliquées dans la respiration de l’ADN aux entrée / sortie du nucléosome (Li and Kono, 2016) et peut-être dans la stabilisation de l’interface de H2A-H2B / (H3-H4)2 (Biswas et al., 2011).","Cette observation est en accord avec les expériences que nous avons citées précédemment au sujet des mécanismes d'assemblage/ désassemblage du nucléosome, où l’interface H2A-H2B/(H3-H4)2 joue un rôle crucial.","Néanmoins, tous les résultats convergent vers un schéma général, qui donne à voir un désassemblage dans lequel les dimères H2A-H2B se dissocient de l'ADN en premier, suivi par le décrochage du tétramère (H3-H4)2.","Au sein de chaque hétérodimère (H3-H4 et H2A-H2B), ces motifs, α1-L1-α2-L2-α3, s’associent de manière antiparallèle dite « en poignée de mains » (Arents and Moudrianakis, 1995; Arents et al., 1991; Luger et al., 1997) (Figure 6).","Sur une dynamique moléculaire de 100 ns, ces troncatures coïncident avec l'altération des interactions des queues C-terminales de l’histone H2A avec le cœur structuré d’histone et une possible fragilisation de l'interface H2A-H2B / (H3-H4)2 (Biswas et al., 2011).","Les dimères H2A-H2B se lient au tétramère (H3-H4)2 principalement par une interaction entre\nles hélices 2 et 3 des histones H2B et H4 (Figures 5 et 7).","D’autre part, la fixation du facteur Sir3p sur la région acide de H2A-H2B en lieu et place de H4 affecte la structure de la chromatine (Kalashnikova et al., 2013; Pepenella et al., 2014).","Enfin, les mutants SIN semblent aussi fragiliser l’interface H2A-H2B/(H3-H4)2 (Flaus et al., 2004; Xu et al., 2010).","Concernant l'assemblage, il a été clairement montré très tôt qu'in vitro, l'ADN est d'abord contacté par le tétramère (H3-H4)2 puis par les dimères H2A-H2B (Crémisi and Yaniv, 1980; Jackson et al., 1981; Worcel et al., 1978).","38\nLe mécanisme en deux étapes semble logique au vu de ce que nous connaissons\nde l'interface ADN-histones (voir la section B.3) qui, dans les structures cristallographiques, comporte moins de liaisons hydrogène entre H2A-H2B et l'ADN qu'entre (H3H4)2 et l'ADN.","Ainsi, la troncature des queues des dimères H3-H4 et H2A-H2B aboutissent dans les deux cas à une oligomérisation des nucléosomes atteignant un même état de compaction que dans la fibre de 30 nm (Tse and Hansen, 1997).","Ces queues sont\nstabilisées par des contacts qui impliquent les résidus H4-16-25 et une région de huit résidus acides (H2A-E56, E61, E64, D90, E91 et E92 et H2B-E102 et E110) située à la surface de H2A-H2B et appartenant à un nucléosome voisin (Figure 15) (Davey et al., 2002; Dorigo et al., 2003; Kalashnikova et al., 2013; Luger et al., 1997).","Ce mécanisme de fixation en deux étapes distinctes se retrouve très probablement in vivo, à travers l'intervention de protéines chaperons qui déposent d'abord (H3-H4)2 puis H2A-H2B sur l'ADN nouvellement synthétisé (Akey and Luger, 2003; Dennehey and Tyler, 2014; Fan et al., 2015; Polo and Almouzni, 2006; Rocha and Verreault, 2008) dont je parlerais plus loin.","La région centrale de l’ADN nucléosomal, du SHL -3.5 au +3.5, est contactée par le tétramère (H3-H4)2 alors que les régions distales, du SHL -5.5 au -3.5 et du +3.5 au +5.5, sont liées par les dimères H2A-H2B (Figure 11).","Lors du désassemblage, les dimères H2A-H2B seraient d’abord évincés du nucléosome par une protéine chaperon, puis Asf1 se fixerait au tétramère (H3-H4)2 et provoquerait sa dissociation (English et al., 2006).\nb) Les facteurs de remodelage\nChez les cellules eucaryotes, une classe spécifique d’enzymes connues sous le\nnom de facteurs de remodelage, (voir revues (Bartholomew, 2014; Becker and Workman, 2013; Cairns, 2007; Clapier and Cairns, 2009; Hargreaves and Crabtree, 2011; Kuli and Schiessel, 2008; Luger and Hansen, 2005; Saha et al., 2006; Thoma, 2005; 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NursingTM, Vol. 38, No. 1, 2015 Wu and Harden\nCopyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.","Younger age is associated with more distress and poorer mental QOL.","Studies of breast or ovarian survivors have shown that higher fatigue was associated with more deficits in attention function,45 greater depression,17,26,46 and worse pain.16,17 Pain interfered with general activity and enjoyment of life16 and was associated with greater distress16 and decreased QOL.43","Overall, both survivors and caregivers are found to have prevalent health concerns and poor QOL.","More longitudinal studies are needed to look at the persistence and severity of symptom burden over time and the ongoing effects of these symptoms on QOL.","A better assessment of issues affecting survivors and caregivers during extended and long-term survivorship following cancer treatment will allow healthcare providers to develop strategies that promote positive coping, facilitate communication, and enhance QOL.","For example, higher education was associated with lower feelings of burden and depression.60,61 Caregivers who were able to work reported less financial burden.61 Lower income, on the other hand, was associated with feelings of burden and depression61 and poor QOL.62,70\nn Discussion\nIt has been nearly 3 decades since Mullan11 published Seasons of Survival.","Compared with their sex- and age-matched control subjects, older breast cancer survivors (aged Q75 years) reported better mental and physical function.20 Those survivors aged 65 to 74 years showed higher mental but lower physical function.20 The younger survivors (aged 45Y64 years) showed the worst mental health.26 The literature supports that younger age is associated with poorer QOL and higher symptom distress among cancer survivors.13,15,20Y22,45,46,48,50,53 For example, in long-term breast cancer survivors, younger age was associated with persistent fatigue,48 worse attention function,45 and lower QOL.50 Among survivors of heterogeneous malignancies, younger age was a predictor of high symptom burden, high distress, and low QOL.13,15 In addition, lower socioeconomic status and a greater number of comorbidities were common risk factors for poor QOL.46,53 For example, unemployment or lower income was associated with lower physical and mental QOL.49,55 More education was associated with better QOL.46,49,55 Decreased comorbidities was associated with less symptom burden13,26 and better QOL.20,53\nAmong working-age survivors, postcancer employment has a direct impact on their QOL as employment provides access to health insurance and financial stability.27 Returning to the workforce is often a sign of resuming normal after cancer treatment ends.","Most of the survivorship studies of depression/mood disturbance, pain, and cognitive dysfunction report associations with other symptoms such as fatigue or QOL.","More education was associated with better QOL.(46,49,55) Decreased comorbidities was 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{"citationid":1141006687,"citingcorpusid":55200950,"citedcorpusid":154783756,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["production: F = F (K;R;D1); (1) social utility: U = U(C;D2); (2) the balance equation: _ K = F (K;R;D1) C K D3; (3) the dynamics of the stock: _ S = R +D4: (4)","…be achieved by a change in resource policy only, regardless of the value of G=Qjt=t0 and the sign of _C(t0): The indicators G and G1 coincide if and only if the state of the economy satis es a perfection condition (R=S0 = Q ( ) =K) with respect to a constant-consumption criterion (Bazhanov 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3979175758,"citingcorpusid":252520122,"citedcorpusid":4437055,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The key findings of the present study, comparing the novel MATRIX versus the current IFU for sizing selection of the Amplatzer Amulet, were as follows: (1) The novel MATRIX showed a higher level of concordance between the predicted and implanted device size, regardless of imaging modalities; (2) CCTA showed the strongest, and 2D‐TEE the weakest concordance between the predicted and implanted device for both MATRIX and IFU charts; (3) The percentage of patients in whom the disagreement among the predicted and implanted device represented >1 size was higher when using the IFU chart; (4) In elliptical LAA anatomies, the differences favoring the use of MATRIX compared to the IFU in terms of predicted/implanted agreement were higher; (5) No significant differences in clinical or imaging endpoints were observed between the two different sizing charts and 6) The rate of pulmonary ridge cover was relatively low with both charts."],"intents":[["result"]]}
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{"citationid":3322951842,"citingcorpusid":233650463,"citedcorpusid":225777837,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["62 efficiently to carry out classroom activities related to curriculum and student development If in the teaching and learning process they are able to manage the class using an appropriate approach, it is expected that students will be more enthusiastic in participating in the teaching and learning proces (Husni, 2020). A teacher must explore the frame of reference for classroom approaches, because in its use he must first ensure that the approach he chooses to handle a classroom management case is the best alternative in accordance with the nature of the problem (Rohani, 2010; Gage, et al., 2017). In this connection, a teacher must be able to choose the right approach according to the situation that occurs in the teaching and learning process. In this study the approaches used are the power approach, the Threat Approach, the Freedom Approach, and the Emotional Atmosphere Approach. With the existence of approaches in class management, student learning motivation will increase. Motivation to learn is the overall driving force both from within and from outside the student by creating a series of efforts to provide learning conditions such that the learning objectives are achieved. According to Sardiman (2016) \"Motivation has two characteristics, namely intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation, namely motives that become active or function, do not need to be stimulated from outside, because in every individual there is already an urge to do something. Meanwhile, extrinsic motivations are active and functional motives due to external stimuli. In this study, researchers used extrinsic motivation. The extrinsic motivation in this study is motivation that comes from the teacher, motivation that comes from family and motivation from other friends. In the teaching and learning process, every student needs concentration for learning, therefore teachers need to create a classroom atmosphere that can arouse student learning motivation in order to direct and manage learning activities effectively and efficiently. Based on preliminary observations made at SMA Negeri 20 Palembang and interviews with teachers of economic subjects, the classroom management carried out by the teacher was good in the teaching and learning process. This can be seen from the activeness of students in learning. Even though the classroom management is good, there are still students who are less active in learning because during the teaching and learning process students often chat and do not pay attention to the teacher who teaches. Therefore it is very necessary approaches in class management that are appropriate in the teaching and learning process. With these approaches it is expected to motivate students to learn. Furthermore, the learning motivation that arises from students has not yet been seen and students' awareness of learning is very lacking, resulting in low student enthusiasm for learning. Based on the description above, the researchers intend to conduct a study with the title: \"The Effect of Classroom Management on Motivation to Study Economics in Public High Schools 20 Palembang Academic Year 2019/2020 ”. Class management is an activity and teacher skills to make teaching and learning conditions in the classroom well implemented and the objectives of teaching and learning can be achieved (Al Arif & Amalia, 2016). According to Djamarah & Zain (2013), \"Class management is the skill of teachers to create and maintain optimal learning conditions and restore them if there is a disruption in the teaching and learning process\".","…out classroom activities related to curriculum and student development If in the teaching and learning process they are able to manage the class using an appropriate approach, it is expected that students will be more enthusiastic in participating in the teaching and learning proces (Husni, 2020).","62 efficiently to carry out classroom activities related to curriculum and student development If in the teaching and learning process they are able to manage the class using an appropriate approach, it is expected that students will be more enthusiastic in participating in the teaching and learning proces (Husni, 2020). A teacher must explore the frame of reference for classroom approaches, because in its use he must first ensure that the approach he chooses to handle a classroom management case is the best alternative in accordance with the nature of the problem (Rohani, 2010; Gage, et al., 2017). In this connection, a teacher must be able to choose the right approach according to the situation that occurs in the teaching and learning process. In this study the approaches used are the power approach, the Threat Approach, the Freedom Approach, and the Emotional Atmosphere Approach. With the existence of approaches in class management, student learning motivation will increase. Motivation to learn is the overall driving force both from within and from outside the student by creating a series of efforts to provide learning conditions such that the learning objectives are achieved. According to Sardiman (2016) \"Motivation has two characteristics, namely intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.","62 efficiently to carry out classroom activities related to curriculum and student development If in the teaching and learning process they are able to manage the class using an appropriate approach, it is expected that students will be more enthusiastic in participating in the teaching and learning proces (Husni, 2020).","62 efficiently to carry out classroom activities related to curriculum and student development If in the teaching and learning process they are able to manage the class using an appropriate approach, it is expected that students will be more enthusiastic in participating in the teaching and learning proces (Husni, 2020). A teacher must explore the frame of reference for classroom approaches, because in its use he must first ensure that the approach he chooses to handle a classroom management case is the best alternative in accordance with the nature of the problem (Rohani, 2010; Gage, et al., 2017). In this connection, a teacher must be able to choose the right approach according to the situation that occurs in the teaching and learning process. In this study the approaches used are the power approach, the Threat Approach, the Freedom Approach, and the Emotional Atmosphere Approach. With the existence of approaches in class management, student learning motivation will increase. Motivation to learn is the overall driving force both from within and from outside the student by creating a series of efforts to provide learning conditions such that the learning objectives are achieved. According to Sardiman (2016) \"Motivation has two characteristics, namely intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation, namely motives that become active or function, do not need to be stimulated from outside, because in every individual there is already an urge to do something. Meanwhile, extrinsic motivations are active and functional motives due to external stimuli. In this study, researchers used extrinsic motivation. The extrinsic motivation in this study is motivation that comes from the teacher, motivation that comes from family and motivation from other friends. In the teaching and learning process, every student needs concentration for learning, therefore teachers need to create a classroom atmosphere that can arouse student learning motivation in order to direct and manage learning activities effectively and efficiently. Based on preliminary observations made at SMA Negeri 20 Palembang and interviews with teachers of economic subjects, the classroom management carried out by the teacher was good in the teaching and learning process. This can be seen from the activeness of students in learning. Even though the classroom management is good, there are still students who are less active in learning because during the teaching and learning process students often chat and do not pay attention to the teacher who teaches. Therefore it is very necessary approaches in class management that are appropriate in the teaching and learning process. With these approaches it is expected to motivate students to learn. Furthermore, the learning motivation that arises from students has not yet been seen and students' awareness of learning is very lacking, resulting in low student enthusiasm for learning. Based on the description above, the researchers intend to conduct a study with the title: \"The Effect of Classroom Management on Motivation to Study Economics in Public High Schools 20 Palembang Academic Year 2019/2020 ”. Class management is an activity and teacher skills to make teaching and learning conditions in the classroom well implemented and the objectives of teaching and learning can be achieved (Al Arif & Amalia, 2016). According to Djamarah & Zain (2013), \"Class management is the skill of teachers to create and maintain optimal learning conditions and restore them if there is a disruption in the teaching and learning process\". Meanwhile, according to Arikunto (2013), \"They argue that class management is an effort made by the person in charge of teaching and learning activities or helping with the intention of achieving optimal conditions so that learning activities can be carried out as expected\"."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":3179426634,"citingcorpusid":132227264,"citedcorpusid":4945809,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Examples include VS2D (Lappala et al., 1987; Healy, 1990), STOMP (White et al., 1995), UNSATCHEM (Suarez and Simunek, 1997), RAFT (Chilakapati et al., 2000), TOUGHREACT (Xu et al., 2003), and HYDRUS (2D/3D) (Šimůnek et al., 2006), among others (Šimůnek and Bradford, 2008a).","Several review papers highlight how previous computer models have addressed problems similar to those found in the LARV (Chang, 1992; Martin et al., 2005; Simunek and Bradford, 2008; Vrugt et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1798208055,"citingcorpusid":211212768,"citedcorpusid":22175023,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["8 (6-120) Operative Acute, chronic, complete Functional outcome Early anatomic repair gave the best results in the treatment of total and near-total ruptures.","6 29 (19-37) 28 (18-72) Operative, nonoperative Complete Subjective strength, pain, motion, sport functionality, cosmesis, overall satisfaction, ROM, deformity, atrophy, isokinetic strength No difference was found between acute and chronic repairs, but operatively treated patients outperformed nonoperatively treated patients.","5 (12-99) Operative Acute, chronic, complete, partial SF-36, DASH, ASES, physical examination (ROM and cosmesis), isokinetic strength testing Repair by suture anchor fixation provided high patient satisfaction and predictable return of strength, cosmesis, and overall function with similar results to other forms of fixation.","Äärimaa (2004)(1) Cohort; 33 repairs, compared acute vs chronic 14 ± 0 28 (18-40) 52.","3 (12-39) Operative Acute, chronic Patient satisfaction, bench press strength, pain, cosmesis Satisfactory results can be achieved with a suture-anchor footprint repair technique.","6 (14-34) Operative Acute, complete, partial VAS for pain, functional outcome, isokinetic strength measurement Early surgical repair of distal ruptures and an accelerated rehabilitation protocol provided reliable restoration of shoulder function and strength.","6 (12-24) Operative Acute, chronic, complete Functional outcome Surgical repair helped patients return to their previous activities more frequently and achieve better functional outcome.","6 (23-45) 60 (12-108) Operative Acute, chronic ROM, cosmesis, return to sports, functional outcomes, isometric strength Repair, especially in young athletes within 2 weeks, provided the best results even though delayed repair with an allograft did yield good results.","Garrigues (2012)(14) Retrospective comparative; 24 injuries, compared operative vs nonoperative, acute vs chronic 21 ± 0 34 (18-48) 33 (7-70) Operative, nonoperative Acute, chronic, complete ASES, SANE, functional outcome, cosmesis, Penn shoulder score, SF12, maximum bench press Operative treatment yielded high patient satisfaction and predictable return to comfort, ROM, cosmesis, and overall limb strength, with a slightly less predictable return to maximum bench press."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3373295432,"citingcorpusid":235671080,"citedcorpusid":92999509,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Risk factors for hip pain related to ON include high doses of glucocorticosteroids, alcohol use, sickle cell anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, Gaucher’s disease, pancreatitis (usually associated with corticosteroids), pregnancy, chemotherapy, smoking, radiation therapy, male sex (when alcohol abuse is an associated risk factor), female sex (when lupus erythematosus or corticosteroid use are associated risk factors) [25]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3318758783,"citingcorpusid":233472647,"citedcorpusid":92999509,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In the group advancing to THA, eventually every hip had BME adjacent to the AVNFH.","There was no sub-grouping of hips according to known risk factors of AVNFH.","Earlier it has been represented that the band-like pattern is the initial finding of the necrotic lesion11 and later the developing BME in the femoral head and neck is associated with the onset of the symptoms and considered a marker for potential progression of the AVNFH and collapse of the femoral head.12 Several studies have also found an association between the BME and AVNFH – however, it must be noted that BME is not pathognomonic for AVNFH.13–15\nMRI: magnetic resonance imaging; cor: coronal; sag: sagittal; THA: total hip arthroplasty.","Avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head (AVNFH) is an ischemic condition characterized by local disruption of intraosseous blood supply affecting predominantly young and middle-aged adults.(1) The annual incidence rates of AVNFH are rather elusive: it is estimated that in Japan approximately 2500 new cases arise annually, whereas in the United States the corresponding number is 10,000 to 30,000.","Most common predisposing factors for osteonecrosis are trauma, corticosteroids, and alcoholism.(1,3,5) The etiology of the ischemic process of the femoral head is still unclear, and different and multifactorial etiologies have been","Email: mika.nevalainen@oulu.fi\nCreative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and\ndistribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us. sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).\nproposed such as traumatic vascular disruption of the vascular network of femoral head, intravascular occlusions, and increased intraosseous pressure caused by fatty infiltration of the bone marrow leading to vascular compression.6 Beyond the patient history and physical examination, various imaging techniques are applied to diagnose AVNFH:7 Conventional radiography is usually performed first, followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is the gold standard of imaging with over 99% sensitivity and specificity for AVNFH.1,5 As distinguishing the subchondral fracture on MRI may be challenging, CT scan can provide resolution to this issue.8,9 Different pre-collapse treatment strategies have been suggested including pharmacological agents, such as bisphosphonates, but also biophysical and surgical treatments.","Surgical treatments include core decompression with or without mesenchymal stem cell implantation, bone grafts or tantalum rods, and osteotomy.(1,3,5) In post-collapse stage, the THA is treatment of choice.","Similar with BME, majority of patients with AVNFH have shown present with a hip effusion.15,17– 19 Iida et al.12 mention that in the presence of BME, 92% of the symptomatic hips also had joint effusion and most of these hips showed progression of the AVNFH.","Beyond the patient history and physical examination, various imaging techniques are applied to diagnose AVNFH:(7) Conventional radiography is usually performed first, followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is the gold standard of imaging with over 99% sensitivity and specificity for AVNFH.(1,5) As distinguishing the subchondral fracture on MRI may be challenging, CT scan can provide resolution to this issue."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null,["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1219141131,"citingcorpusid":148757821,"citedcorpusid":107672173,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Eaton, 2007; Melchin & Picard, 2008 on insight as a response to conflict-inducing challenges), he inaugurated the World Day for Peace (January 1st, annually), coinciding with a day of Holy Obligation recognized by many national Bishops’ conferences in the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church (see Paul VI, 1967b). According to the Roman Catholic liturgical calendar, the first day of the Western New Year marks the celebration of the solemnity of the motherhood of Mary, the “Queen of Peace” (John Paul II, 1999). It also was the Feast Day of the Holy Name of Jesus, the “Prince of Peace” (Paul VI, 1977). While Paul VI tactfully chose a day associated with peace in multiple senses and when many Roman Catholics are meant to attend Mass, he also intended the World Day for Peace to be more than merely a Catholic concern. 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This support came from Popes John Paul II (1989) and Benedict XVI","] (Paul VI, 1967a, # 76) As this teaching was expressed in his World Day for Peace Messages, Paul VI (1973) emphasized that “like man’s [sic.] life, Peace is dynamic.” For example, Paul VI asserted: Peace is one of the supreme benefits of man’s [sic.] life on earth, an interest of the first order, a common aspiration, an ideal worthy of mankind, master of itself and of the world, a necessity in order to maintain the conquests achieved and to achieve others, a fundamental law for the free circulation of thought, culture, economy, art, and a demand which can no longer be suppressed in view of human destiny. This is so because Peace is security, Peace is order. A just and dynamic order, We add, which must continually be built up. Without Peace there is no trust, without trust there is no progress. And that trust, We declare, must be rooted in justice and fairness. Only in a climate of Peace can right be recognized, can justice advance, can freedom breathe. (Paul VI, 1969) Here, in accord with the peace theorist and conflict transformation practitioner Lederach’s (2001) family of peace analogy, which images the “voices of Truth, Mercy, Justice, and Peace as social energies that are alive and present in any conflict” (p. 848), this dynamism allows efforts at conflict transformation to harness these social energies and work towards a situation of symbiotic balance and health between the four concepts. Similarly, commenting on peace as irreducibly coupled to justice, Paul VI (1972b) asked, “why do we waste time in giving peace","] (Paul VI, 1967a, # 76) As this teaching was expressed in his World Day for Peace Messages, Paul VI (1973) emphasized that “like man’s [sic.","While he never wrote another encyclical after Humanae Vitae (just under seven thousand words), Paul VI promulgated over 25,000 words in his annual Word Day for Peace Messages (all but one of which were penned after the controversial encyclical). Working on what this article has shaded as the level of insight, these messages served to flesh out the council father’s discussion of peace. That statement will be supported below; however, a caveat is necessary here. Paul VI also edited and promulgated conciliar documents during his reign (Faggioli, 2012). As a result, the relationship between the Pope’s teachings and the Second Vatican Council’s documents is at times multi-directional, with each taking cues from the other and forming something of a positive feedback loop that is unfolded, in part, above. Despite Paul VI’s influence in this regard, the council fathers still provide a cogent comparative yardstick, not the least because conciliar teachings are generally deemed more authoritative for Catholics than any particular pope exercising his magisterial office alone (cf. Gaillardetz, 2003), adding a certain moral weight to the moral yardstick provided by Vatican II. 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{"citationid":1613330407,"citingcorpusid":140848129,"citedcorpusid":145645968,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…with less personal or significant relationship with their victims and incidents which resulted in severe degrees of injury were more likely to be reported to the police and to be identified as rape (Bachman, 1998; Fisher et al., 2003; Jones et al., 2007; Kahn et al., 2003; Williams, 1984).","Other themes reported by Bachman were that victims did not report because they were afraid of retaliation from the perpetrator or were afraid that their incident would not be kept confidential. They did not want their story to be shared with everyone through the media such as newspapers. In Feldman-Summers and Norris’ (1984) quantitative study, the social pressure from family members or friends to disclose was the strongest predictor of a sexual assault disclosure to the police. Smith et al. (2000) found in a national women’s survey that childhood survivors of sexual assault often made their initial disclosure to friends, followed by mothers and other family members, then to the police or mental health professionals. In addition, a relationship with the perpetrator was related to longer delays in disclosure. Nearly half of the study’s participants did not disclose within 5 years of their sexual assault. In another study, Starzynski et al. 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In Feldman-Summers and Norris’ (1984) quantitative study, the social pressure from family members or friends to disclose was the strongest predictor of a sexual assault disclosure to the police.","In a quantitative study examining factors relating to whether sexual assault would\nbe reported to the police, Bachman (1998) found similar results: the more severe the\n28\nsexual assault, the more likely the rape victimization was reported to the police.","…assault survivors are more likely to disclose to informal support sources than formal ones such as the police (Ahrens, Cabral, & Abeling, 2009; Bachman, 1998; Filipas & Ullman, 2001; Fisher, Daigle, Cullen, & Turner, 2003; Golding et al., 1989; Smith, Letourneau, Saunders, Kilpatrick,…","About one third fear negative responses (Bachman, 1998; Fisher et al., 2003; McAuslan, 1998; Patterson & Campbell, 2010; Romero et al., 1999; Sudderth, 1998).","In a quantitative study examining factors relating to whether sexual assault would be reported to the police, Bachman (1998) found similar results: the more severe the","Other themes reported by Bachman were that victims did not report because they were afraid of retaliation from the perpetrator or were afraid that their incident would not be kept confidential. They did not want their story to be shared with everyone through the media such as newspapers. In Feldman-Summers and Norris’ (1984) quantitative study, the social pressure from family members or friends to disclose was the strongest predictor of a sexual assault disclosure to the police. Smith et al. (2000) found in a national women’s survey that childhood survivors of sexual assault often made their initial disclosure to friends, followed by mothers and other family members, then to the police or mental health professionals.","…as the high value placed on virginity (Morrissey, 1998; Ramos-Lira et al., 1999); the likely desire for revenge on the part of a male family member (Bachman, 1998; Fisher, 2003; Morrissey, 1998; Ramos-Lira et al., 1999); the fear of family shame (Ahrens et al., 2010; Morrissey, 1998; Ramos-Lira et…","Those assaulted by strangers and/or were injured in the course of the assault were more likely to report to the police than not (Bachman, 1998; Fisher et al., 2003; Sudderth, 1998; Ullman & Filipas,\n55\n2001; Williams, 1984).","In findings which sharply contrast with other studies with Latina women (Bachman, 1998; Fisher et al., 2003; Jones et al., 2007; Kahn et al., 2003; Sudderth, 1998; Ullman & Filipas, 2001; Williams, 1984), Golding et al. found that those assaulted by a stranger were more likely to tell friends or…","personal or significant relationship with their victims and incidents which resulted in severe degrees of injury were more likely to be reported to the police and to be identified as rape (Bachman, 1998; Fisher et al., 2003; Jones et al., 2007; Kahn et al., 2003; Williams, 1984).",", 1999); the likely desire for revenge on the part of a male family member (Bachman, 1998; Fisher, 2003; Morrissey, 1998; Ramos-Lira et al., 1999); the fear of family shame (Ahrens et al.","Research has shown that a majority of sexual assault survivors are more likely to disclose to informal support sources than formal ones such as the police (Ahrens, Cabral, & Abeling, 2009; Bachman, 1998; Filipas & Ullman, 2001; Fisher, Daigle, Cullen, & Turner, 2003; Golding et al., 1989; Smith, Letourneau, Saunders, Kilpatrick, Resnick, & Best, 2000; Starzynski, Ullman, Filipas, & Townsend, 2005; Ullman, 1996a; Ullman & Filipas, 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1613935741,"citingcorpusid":146628596,"citedcorpusid":145645968,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…analyses, wherein disclosure results if the anticipated benefits from disclosure (e.g., feeling better, apprehending the perpetrator) outweigh the perceived drawbacks\n16\n(Bachman, 1993; 1998; Fischer et al., 2003; McAuslan, 1998; Neville & Pugh, 1997; Sudderth, 1998; Washington, 2001).","perpetrators of sexual aggression (Bachman, 1998), can lead to an underestimation of the prevalence of violence (Skogan, 1976) and may lessen the likelihood that survivors are exposed to the support services that may assist with recovery—such as medical treatment of injuries sustained during the assault or referral to mental health services (Ruch, Coyne & Perrone, 2000).","Disclosure to the police is also associated with sustaining an injury during the assault (Bachman, 1993, 1998; Felson, Messner, & Hoskin, 1999; Finkelhor & Ormrod,\n17\n1999; Gartner & Macmillan, 1995; Hanson, Resnick, Saunders, Kilpatrick & Best,1999; Pino & Meier, 1999), higher use of force by the…","…of sexual assault precludes authorities from investigating, apprehending, and potentially convicting the\n11\nperpetrators of sexual aggression (Bachman, 1998), can lead to an underestimation of the prevalence of violence (Skogan, 1976) and may lessen the likelihood that survivors are exposed…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3333759608,"citingcorpusid":234066713,"citedcorpusid":145645968,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This finding is consistent with previous literature (Albonetti, 1987; Alderden & Ullman, 2012; Bachman, 1998; Bouffard, 2000; Frazier & Haney, 1996; Holleran et al., 2010; Horney & Spohn, 1996; Kingsnorth et al., 1999; Spohn et al., 2001).","Although findings are mixed, evidence supports that stranger sexual assault cases receive more criminal-legal resources (Bachman, 1998); specifically, that these cases are more likely to result in police and prosecutor agreement on charge severity (Holleran et al., 2010) and more likely to receive…","Although findings are mixed, evidence supports that stranger sexual assault cases receive more criminal-legal resources (Bachman, 1998); specifically, that these cases are more likely to result in police and prosecutor agreement on charge severity (Holleran et al."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3183717240,"citingcorpusid":8353076,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["_____________________________\n* Corresponding author: Bernard.Gendron@cirrelt.ca\nDépôt légal – Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, 2011 © Copyright Gendron, Khuong, Semet and CIRRELT, 2011","Gendron and Semet [12] compare two formulations for the problem, arc-based and pathbased, showing that the linear programming (LP) relaxation of the path-based model provides a better bound than the LP relaxation of the arc-based model."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1072278437,"citingcorpusid":125620438,"citedcorpusid":118868118,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["3 Conclusion Over the past three decades, the methods described in this chapter have been used to solve many crack problems [33, 39, 47, 70, 83, 97, 104].","In addition, there has been a continuous investigation of phase field methods for cracks for two-dimensions [47].","The computational cost of three-dimensional modelling is very high, leading to the use of grid adaptivity and highly parallelised techniques, being essential to the provision of efficient algorithms (consult [47] for further information).","The crack is expressed by a new added field variable, which is one if it is intact and zero if the material is fully cracked and cracking is considered as a phase transition problem [47]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2326783858,"citingcorpusid":145673571,"citedcorpusid":54747283,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Os estudos de Loureiro e Abrucio (1998) e Olivieri (2007; 2011) sobre a relação entre burocracia e política no período posterior à redemocratização retomam a premissa weberiana segundo a qual os organismos burocráticos deveriam responder às demandas oriundas da arena política em vez de se isolarem…","Tais cargos são distribuídos de acordo com escolhas estratégicas da administração central, que busca entregá-los a profissionais competentes, reconhecidos e que, ademais, estejam ideologicamente alinhados às prioridades do governo (Olivieri 2007, pp.147-149)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":807178884,"citingcorpusid":14981602,"citedcorpusid":1898426,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In addition, other IHPS predisposing risk factors have also been proposed including birth rank [6,9,18], social class [6,28], seasonal variation [6,28,29,30], maternal smoking [21], feeding practices [9,13,20,22], birth weight [31], blood group [32] and exposure to drugs such as erythromycin [33,34].","Two environmental factors, including breastfeeding and maternal smoking, are thought to influence the incidence of IHPS [9,13,19,20,21,22].","1%) [21].","Babies born to smoking mothers have a twofold increased risk of being diagnosed with IHPS over babies born to nonsmoking mothers [21]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":140379914,"citingcorpusid":15505498,"citedcorpusid":16971003,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Survivinfl/fl (31), Ptcfl/fl (65), Math1-Cre-ER(66)' Ptch +/-(67), and Math1CreER;ptcfl/fl (30) (MERP) mice have been described previously.","GNPs were isolated from P7 cerebellum and tumors from adult cerebellum as previously described(30, 68).","High levels of survivin were detected in all tumors and in granule neuron precursors (GNPs), the progenitors from which these tumors are thought to arise(30) (Figure 1A)."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2906770673,"citingcorpusid":221792573,"citedcorpusid":83153936,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…genetic divergence in plant breeding has been emphasized by several scientists as an effective method of assessment of genetic divergence and thus has been widely used for analysis of genetic diversity in field pea (Sureja and Sharma, 2001, Dixit et al., 2002 and Singh and Singh, 2003) [8, 1, 7].","The results of Non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis obtained under present study are also in agreement with the result of (Sureja and Sharma, 2001 and Yadav et. al., 2009)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":2492621006,"citingcorpusid":10488612,"citedcorpusid":4883819,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["determined by an uncontrollable underlying dysfunction within the individual) (Wakefield 2007; Martin, Chung & Langenbucher 2008).","…cocaine intake would merely represent a normal, ‘expectable response’ to an abnormal situation (i.e. lack of choice) and should thus not be considered compulsive (i.e. determined by an uncontrollable underlying dysfunction within the individual) (Wakefield 2007; Martin, Chung & Langenbucher 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1318906570,"citingcorpusid":197811757,"citedcorpusid":4883819,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Further, several scholars argue that the current diagnostic criteria for diagnosing depressive disorder struggle to tell the difference between abnormal sadness and normal sadness (Durà-Vilà, Littlewood, & Leavey, 2013; Helén, 2011; Horwitz, 2007; Horwitz & Wakefield, 2007; Parker, Fletcher, & Hadzi-Pavlovic, 2012; Pies, 2009; Shorter, 2008; Stein et al., 2010; Wakefield, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3726801363,"citingcorpusid":248253203,"citedcorpusid":4883819,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…in 1952 and contained 106 different diagnostic categories, which in the course proved to be quite vague and ambiguous in terms of diagnostic criteria, symptomatology and causes of mental disorders, this has been attributed to the effect that psychoanalysis had on its development (Wakefield, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1660285466,"citingcorpusid":208134230,"citedcorpusid":93246376,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Destruction of organic matter after biological treatment has been applied in some cases such as Kraft pulp manufacturing wastewaters (Rice, 1997), residual COD removal in leather tanning wastewaters (Yelmez, 2001), in textile wastewaters (Orhon et al., 2002), in the integrated waste paper treatment…","Rubber industry wastewaters, pulping and bleaching industry wastewater and polar organic compounds are examples of these applications (Schröder, 1996; Rice, 1997).","Phenolic substance oxidation, polyhydroxyphenol oxidation in oil shale wastewater, dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran oxidation in pulping wastewaters were reported in the literature (Rice, 1997).","Rice, R.G. (1997). Application of ozone for industrial wastewater treatment – A review.","There are many full-scale applications of ozonation in textile factories (Rice, 1997).","Use of direct ozone reactions in wastewater treatment can be summarized as follows: In wastewater treatment cyanide oxidation is a common treatment (Rice, 1997).","Although color removal was applied to several industrial wastewaters such as phosphate manufacturing, Kraft pulp manufacturing (Rice, 1997), its most common use is for textile industry wastewaters.","Destruction of organic matter after biological treatment has been applied in some cases such as Kraft pulp manufacturing wastewaters (Rice, 1997), residual COD removal in leather tanning wastewaters (Yelmez, 2001), in textile wastewaters (Orhon et al.","Ozonation preceding granular activated carbon (GAC) application in textile effluents increased the life of GAC (Rice, 1997).","There are some applications for organic matter oxidation though, such as phenolic waste oxidation and leachate oxidation, largely applied to wastewaters which are difficult to treat biologically (Rice, 1997).","Use of direct ozone reactions in wastewater treatment can be summarized as follows:\nIn wastewater treatment cyanide oxidation is a common treatment (Rice, 1997)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2570851546,"citingcorpusid":21192674,"citedcorpusid":150924,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…studies indicate that polyol pathway enzyme aldose reductase (AR) mediates LPSinduced inflammatory signals in macrophages by preventing NF-κB dependent expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (Ramana et al 2006a; Ramana and Srivastava 2006; Ramana et al., 2007; Ramana et al 2009).","Our previous studies suggest that inhibition of AR prevents LPS-induced ROS generation and formation of toxic lipid peroxidation derived aldehydes in macrophages (Ramana et al., 2007, Ramana et al 2006a, Ramana and Srivastava 2006).","We have shown earlier that inhibition of AR blocks NF-κB activation via PKC/PLC prevents apoptosis of macrophages (Ramana et al., 2007, Ramana et al 2006a, Ramana and Srivastava 2006).","AR inhibition also prevents LPS-induced lethality in mice (Ramana et al 2006b)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":19990782,"citingcorpusid":20251741,"citedcorpusid":19770988,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Labelle) seeds were germinated as described previously (Kao et al. 1984)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1684385526,"citingcorpusid":150332664,"citedcorpusid":143711060,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["24\nAside from the examples that Banning (2001) provided, mass media\nscholars have also observed that third-person effect hypothesis may be responsible for support of censorship of materials depicting violence or pornography (Zhao & Cai, 2008; Scharrer & Leone, 2008; Schmierbach et al., 2008).","Aside from the examples that Banning (2001) provided, mass media scholars have also observed that third-person effect hypothesis may be responsible for support of censorship of materials depicting violence or pornography (Zhao & Cai, 2008; Scharrer & Leone, 2008; Schmierbach et al., 2008).","Using findings from the Neuwirth and Frederick (2002) study, Schmierbach et al. (2008) proposed that the “diamond model” is the correct method of assessing the third-person effect, as it is the only way to account for “the subtractive measure (other minus self) and an additive measure (other plus…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1684385446,"citingcorpusid":150332664,"citedcorpusid":157786888,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Contrary to this view of poverty, however, Ernsberger (2009) denied that poor people are not fat because they are poor, but instead fat people are poor because they are fat!","Ernsberger (2009) opposed popular\nunderstanding of fat, albeit acknowledging that even in the twenty-first century, Americans of a low socioeconomic status (SES) tend to be fatter than those of a high SES.","Furthermore, not only are the fat more likely to be poor, but they are more likely to be unhealthy because they face greater stressors and do not receive adequate medical care (Ernsberger, 2009; Huizinga, Cooper, Bleich, Clark & Beach, 2009; Wilson, 2009).","This stance is typically accounted for by environmental factors present in impoverished neighborhoods like poor air quality and limited availability of healthy foods (Ernsberger, 2009).","Both Wann (2009) and Ernsberger (2009) posited that because fat people experience discrimination, they struggle to become upwardly mobile."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3809242885,"citingcorpusid":250067937,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Two seagulls with extended wings glide over the water (Piccirillo, 1984)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1684385548,"citingcorpusid":150332664,"citedcorpusid":144236947,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although a vast number of studies, including that of Cho and Han\n(2004), attribute the third-person effect to self-enhancement, it has been contested that some of these studies may be fostering a faulty assumption as the questionnaires are structured to lead respondents into answering in a way that…","This tendency has been tested and witnessed in cross-cultural settings (Cho & Han, 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3106337997,"citingcorpusid":223562359,"citedcorpusid":38214873,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Table (4): The response to treatment in all study groups.","(4,5) It is an adaptive vital mechanism controlled primarily by the parasympathetic division of autonomic nervous system, although the tactile stimulation of the sensory receptors of the soft palate is the most obvious mean by which the reflex can be elicited."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1920935592,"citingcorpusid":98819226,"citedcorpusid":19250287,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["is related to second-harmonic vibration associated with D-band, indicating property of nanotubes and graphite (27,28)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1872256007,"citingcorpusid":817980,"citedcorpusid":27539471,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["One drawback to this approach is that we can only perform analysis on functional regions which can be identified by ICA.","The secondmethod used group independent component analysis (ICA) using the Multivariate Exploratory Linear Optimized Decomposition into Independent Components (MELODIC) toolbox in FSL (Beckmann and Smith, 2005).","In other words, ICA analysis was performed on both the young and old subject groups separately.","Individual networks were reconstructed from ICA to identify peak voxels within each major node in the various networks for seeding.","Networks were obtained using ICA.","Identification of smaller subnetworks can be performed using high order ICA (Abou Elseoud et al., 2011), or localized ICA (Sohn et al., 2012; Beissner et al., 2014; Igelstrom et al., 2015).","ROIs are usually selected based on brain atlases, group independent component analysis (ICA), or previous functional studies (Cole et al., 2010).","One set of ROIs was generated from the results of each ICA analysis, resulting in a young subject or “young group ROI” set and an elderly subject or “old group ROI” set.","Group ICA was run on the young subject group with output 30 components.","It should be noted that multivariate and voxel wide approaches, such as ICA and seed based voxel wide approaches, show decreases in correlation of the DMN with aging (Damoiseaux et al., 2008; Ferreira and Busatto, 2013).","For validation purposes, white matter and CSF signals are identified from ICA and regressed out using partial correlation.","However, in this case, instead of spatially regressing the ICA spatial map, the time-series which was associated with the target network was regressed directly in each subject for network reconstruction.","To do this, we took the time component of each target ICA network and identified the time-series for each individual.","Small ROIs derived using single-subject network reconstruction from ICA, allows for targeted extraction of functional time-series.","In other words, the associated time-series for a network obtained in ICA is used to reconstruct that network for a specific individual."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3737224127,"citingcorpusid":248503302,"citedcorpusid":235073582,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[34], the earliest report indicating that the presence of TILs, detected by hematoxylin and eosin, led to better survival was published in 1980 by Crawford [35] and contained 19 cases."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":983357372,"citingcorpusid":62836012,"citedcorpusid":154424036,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…2012), Dutt (2006a, 2010b, 2012), Hein/Stockhammer (2010, 2011b), Lavoie (2010, 2014, Chapter 6), Naastepad/Storm (2010), Nikiforos/Foley (2012), Palley (2014a), Raghavendra (2006), Sasaki (2011), Sawyer (2012), Schütz (2012), Stockhammer (2004a, 2004b, Chapter 2) and Storm/Naastepad (2012,…","See Dutt (2016), Kurz (1990), Lavoie (1995a, 1996b, 2009a), Palley (2005, 2014b, 2015a, 2016) and Rowthorn (1981), for example."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":3795305210,"citingcorpusid":245812755,"citedcorpusid":146910394,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Note that we included the early anecdotes of Yerkes (1927), Benchley (1944), Hoyt (1941), and Riopelle (1970) due to the scarcity of systematic studies.","Although earlier, largely anecdotal descriptions of gorillas’ reactions to their reflections existed (Benchley 1944; Hoyt 1941; Riopelle 1970; Yerkes 1927), Lethmate (1974) was the first to replicate the effects of the mark test, a systematic procedure introduced in Gallup’s (1970) study of MSR in…","Although earlier, largely anecdotal descriptions of gorillas’ reactions to their reflections existed (Benchley 1944; Hoyt 1941; Riopelle 1970; Yerkes 1927), Lethmate (1974) was the first to replicate the effects of the mark test, a systematic procedure introduced in Gallup’s (1970) study of MSR in chimpanzees and three species of macaques.","For studies with no mark test, total percentage scores ranged from 8 to 85% (mean: 48.8%), with Yerkes (1927) and Benchley (1944) scoring below average and the remaining four studies scoring above average."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1951296935,"citingcorpusid":150740315,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Συγκεκριμένα, αναφέρονται οι ακόλουθες νέες διαιρετικές το\nΜελέτη διαιρετικών τομών εκλογέων και υποψηφίων στο εθνικό και ευρωπαϊκό δίπολο 43\nμές: οι αντιπαραθέσεις μεταξύ αριστερού φιλελευθερισμού και δεξιού αυταρχισμού (Kriesi 1998) ή Νέας Δεξιάς και Νέας Αριστερός (Flanagan & Lee 2003),…"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1733306861,"citingcorpusid":150740315,"citedcorpusid":150950320,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Η μελέτη της εν λόγω διαιρετικής τομής διερευνάται στη σχετική βιβλιογρα φία ως έναν βαθμό με τη θεωρία της πολυεπίπεδης διακυβέρνησης [multi-level governance] και της αντιπαράθεσης ανάμεσα στο εθνικό και υπερεθνικό επίπεδο λήψης των αποφάσεων εντός της Ε.Ε. και έχει επικρατήσει ο όρος 'European…"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1579787471,"citingcorpusid":97760201,"citedcorpusid":41080620,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Since 1993, when it was introduced for the first time as a dietary supplement, it became very popular among sports people and as therapeutic agent (Benzi & Ceci, 2001; Persky & Brazeau, 2001; Wyss & Kaddurah-Daouk, 2000)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2403189383,"citingcorpusid":60077455,"citedcorpusid":190525356,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similarly in a traditional society, male attributes have been valued over those of females (Russell, 1997).","Traditionally, society has been patriarchal in nature and women have been subjected to second class status, similarly male attributes have been valued over those of females (Russell, 1997)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":969730766,"citingcorpusid":32503940,"citedcorpusid":36200803,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In those children with PV-related pathologies the literature describes many methods to assess contralateral PV patency: approaches described range from simple clinical observation [1,2] to more invasive techniques like open exploration [3,4], peritoneography [5], transperitoneal probing [6,7], pneumoperitoneum (Goldstein test) [8–10], and ultrasonography [11–14]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1123882320,"citingcorpusid":146677761,"citedcorpusid":146375258,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The aim is not to establish generalizations about the perception of mobility among elite workers or other occupational groups like, for example, temporary workers (Garsten, 1999). Rather and similar to Garmann Johnsen and Meier Sørensen’s (2014) analysis of elite consultants, I utilize the empirical exemplars to illustrate and explore the possibilities and explanatory power of a broader theoretical frame, namely, Boltanski’s sociology of critique."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3270166400,"citingcorpusid":97463928,"citedcorpusid":98390341,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2528650392,"citingcorpusid":96168681,"citedcorpusid":98390341,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In particular, abundant efforts have been devoted to the development of biosensors based on ZMEs, such as ascorbic acid [19], dopamine [20], tyrosinase [21], glucose [22] and cytochrome c [23].","The glucose biosensor fabricated with zeolite was first prepared by Wang [22]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1039686507,"citingcorpusid":106405784,"citedcorpusid":45161534,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Chitinases of different molecular sizes were previously isolated by other researchers; 1700 bp (Watanabe et al., 1999), 1383 bp (Gust et al., 2003), and 1458 bp (Dong et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1487654532,"citingcorpusid":31257142,"citedcorpusid":2795503,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Neither Short (1974) nor ourselves have been able to discover any medical writings with descriptions of rheumatoid arthritis until the seventeenth century, when Thomas Sydenham (1624– 1689) gave a fairly reasonable account (Sydenham, 1848).","This might not unreasonably be interpreted as rheumatoid arthritis, unless it is appreciated that the description includes an acute attack of gout with discharging tophi (Short, 1974).","Short (1974) carefully reviewed ancient Roman and Greek medical writings and concluded that Scribonius Largus ( ."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1554358558,"citingcorpusid":99991991,"citedcorpusid":55623580,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…direct electron transfer of hot electrons to TiO2, (2) the local electromagnetic field enhancement of TiO2 charge separation process, (3) plasmon resonance energy transfer (PRET), and (4) the scattering induced by Ag and Au nanoparticles (Linic et al.\n2011; Zhang et al. 2013; Kaur and Singh 2012)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":947083172,"citingcorpusid":4711686,"citedcorpusid":8581517,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the rare event that paternal mtDNA is observed in adults [96-100], recombination events are often attributed to this phenomenon.","Subtle morphologic abnormalities become visible under this high magnification (66006) that cannot be seen under normal high power objectives (4006), permitting the embryologist to select better sperm for ICSI fertilization [22,96,100,101]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2435203479,"citingcorpusid":145329759,"citedcorpusid":143460621,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…be due to biased sampling or learning experiences (e.g., Fiedler 2000; Hogarth 2001), anchors (Tversky & Kahneman 1974), hindsight effects (e.g., Hastie et al. 1999), endowment state (e.g., Kahneman et al. 1990), and many other factors (for overviews, see Gilovich et al. 2002; Glöckner &…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1061115860,"citingcorpusid":119185458,"citedcorpusid":119937595,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To this end we develop a variational approach (VA) [33, 34] to find the stationary shape of a three-soliton molecule, reveal the character of the interaction potential and estimate the frequency of small amplitude oscillations of solitons near their equilibrium positions."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3851145294,"citingcorpusid":97963660,"citedcorpusid":110584094,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["-design loads, the temperature and pressure should be decreased (Fisher, 1996; Habib et al., 1995, 1999).","The results obtained are consistent with the literature work (Habib et al., 1995, 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":2025377234,"citingcorpusid":149856293,"citedcorpusid":144149913,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The study reported in this paper is part of a larger four-year project funded by the Swedish Research Council, which includes a group of researchers taking part in the data collection and analysis of the qualitative data (Meckbach et al., 2014; Öhman et al., 2014; Quennerstedt et al., 2013).","The study reported in this paper is part of a larger four-year project funded by the Swedish Research Council, which includes a group of researchers taking part in the data collection and analysis of the qualitative data (Meckbach et al., 2014; Öhman et al., 2014; Quennerstedt et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2025378037,"citingcorpusid":149856293,"citedcorpusid":146797883,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["An educational approach means a focus on ‘increasing student learning associated with physical (skill, sport, fitness etc.), cognitive (skilfulness, sport performance, fitness principles) and affective (cooperation, leadership, goal-setting, and intrinsic motivation) outcomes’ (Ennis, 2013: 155).","Furthermore, Ennis (2013) claims that research has neglected to explore the consequences of introducing exergames in school in terms of educational values and student learning.","…Öhman et al., 2014; Rich and Miah, 2017; Vander Schee and Boyles, 2010), few studies have empirically examined the critical aspects of digitised PE (Gard, 2014; Goodyear et al., 2017; Lupton, 2015), or indeed even the educational outcomes of using exergames in school as advocated by Ennis (2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2291757272,"citingcorpusid":119416561,"citedcorpusid":97521138,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[17] or [18])."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2796805596,"citingcorpusid":110517460,"citedcorpusid":38285567,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Methods that focus exclusively on MW branch flow overloads can be found in [1] and [ 14 ]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1962984648,"citingcorpusid":85794391,"citedcorpusid":32004643,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There are many other plant diseases in which phytotoxins have roles in pathogenesis (Meehan & Murphy,  1947 ; Ueno  et al ,  1975 a   ; Kawai  et al ,  1983 ; Lawrence  et al ,  1990 )."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3706428712,"citingcorpusid":247636761,"citedcorpusid":14132990,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["By the dual concepts of minimal ,open sets and maximal open sets, Nakaoka & Oda [7] introduced the concepts of minimal closed sets and maximal closed sets.","1-Introduction The concepts of minimal open sets and maximal open sets in topological spaces are introduced and considered by F. Nakaoka and N. Oda in [5], [6] and [7].","More precisely, in 2001, Nakaoka and Oda [5] characterized minimal open sets and proved that any subset of a minimal open set is preopen ."],"intents":[["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":3436691523,"citingcorpusid":229348860,"citedcorpusid":125596258,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Vanderbilt and Marzari [152] devised a procedure to compute the maximally localized Wannier functions of a given lattice model, see Ref.","[148] Andrew M. Essin, Joel E. Moore, and David Vanderbilt.","Going back to the Haldane model, Thonhauser and Vanderbilt have shown that this procedure fails at the topological transition, where the spread of the Wannier functions diverges [80].","[65] Another reason for choosing un,k(x) over ψn,k(x) is that the un,k(x)’s all belong to the same Hilbert space as they have the same boundary conditions in x = 0 and x = a [19, 45].","We use this fundamental system to introduce the concept of Berry phase, also called geometric phase [9, 13, 19, 45, 57].","[154] Alexey A. Soluyanov and David Vanderbilt.","Niu and coworkers [19], Resta [43, 44] and the book by Vanderbilt [45].","[49] and Vanderbilt [45], whereas topological order is discussed in detail in the book by Wen [141].","[16] David Vanderbilt and R. D. King-Smith.","[15] R. D. King-Smith and David Vanderbilt.","[70] N. Marzari, A. A. Mostofi, J. R. Yates, I. Souza, and D. Vanderbilt.","[155] Alexey A. Soluyanov and David Vanderbilt.","[18] R. Resta and D. Vanderbilt.","[80] T. Thonhauser and David Vanderbilt.","For geometrical band theory and Berry phase effects in solids, we recommend the reviews by Q. Niu and coworkers [19], Resta [43, 44] and the book by Vanderbilt [45].","Topological insulators are discussed in the books by Bernevig and Hugues [13], Asbóth et al. [49] and Vanderbilt [45], whereas topological order is discussed in detail in the book by Wen [141].","A few years later, King-Smith, Vanderbilt and Resta understood that the Zak phase was the key to settle the problematic issue of the proper definition of a bulk electric polarization for a crystal [15–17].","[152] Nicola Marzari and David Vanderbilt.","The electronic contribution can be easily computed thanks to the prescription given by King-Smith, Vanderbilt and Resta [18]: do as if the electron charge was entirely localized at the Wannier center Pel = −〈xW 〉 = −Z/(2π).","[45] D. Vanderbilt."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],["methodology"],null,["background"],["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3148865467,"citingcorpusid":226221479,"citedcorpusid":125596258,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[1] Different philosophies may be applied during the implementation of these ideas.","(10) plays the role of the eigenstate instead [1].","19 proposed in David Vanderbilt’s book, “Berry phases in electronic structure theory” [1].","19 proposed in David Vanderbilt’s book “Berry phases in electronic structure theory” [1].","For the Berry phase to be well defined, we need two conditions [1]: (i) that the periodic part of the wave function |un,k〉, has to be a smooth function of k, something already shown in Fig."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1836447988,"citingcorpusid":40427081,"citedcorpusid":24927089,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3242846321,"citingcorpusid":231784457,"citedcorpusid":149917959,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…traditional poetry work is expected to be used by teachers as a\nEuropean Journal of Educational Research 463\npiece of reference information to assess the creative work of students in writing traditional poetry following its aspects as well as previous research (Sundusiah et al., 2019; Xerri, 2016).","piece of reference information to assess the creative work of students in writing traditional poetry following its aspects as well as previous research (Sundusiah et al., 2019; Xerri, 2016)."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3141000751,"citingcorpusid":225706580,"citedcorpusid":24016627,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, the insufficient capacity of health systems in LMICs to handle neuro-critical care patients supports arguments that developing an effective stroke treatment system may require significant capital and human resource investments [16]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":804837347,"citingcorpusid":15552708,"citedcorpusid":2407554,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…1998; Wylie et al. 1999; Crowder et al. 2000; Wylie 2001; Winship and Wylie 2001, 2003) and a direct MF pathway that is restricted to folium IXcd (Brauth and Karten 1977; Clarke 1977; Brecha and Karten 1979; Brecha et al. 1980; Gamlin and Cohen 1988; Wylie and Linkenhoker 1996; Wylie et al. 1997 ).","2000; Wylie 2001; Winship and Wylie 2001, 2003) and a direct mossy fibre (MF) pathway that is mainly restricted to folium IXcd (Brauth and Karten 1977; Clarke 1977; Brecha and Karten 1979; Brecha et al. 1980; Gamlin and Cohen 1988; Wylie and Linkenhoker 1996; Wylie et al. 1997).","In this study we examined the spatio-temporal tuning of the CSA of VbC Purkinje cells and GL units in folium IXcd of the VbC in response to largefield sine-wave gratings of varying SF and TF drifting in the preferred direction.","2000; Wylie 2001; Winship and Wylie 2001, 2003) and a direct MF pathway that is restricted to folium IXcd (Brauth and Karten 1977; Clarke 1977; Brecha and Karten 1979; Brecha et al. 1980; Gamlin and Cohen 1988; Wylie and Linkenhoker 1996; Wylie et al. 1997).","There is an indirect CF pathway through the medial column of the inferior olive (mcIO; Clarke 1977; Brecha et al. 1980; Gamlin and Cohen 1988; Arends and Voogd 1989; Lau et al. 1998; Wylie et al. 1999; Crowder et al. 2000; Wylie 2001; Winship and Wylie 2001, 2003) and a direct MF pathway that is restricted to folium IXcd (Brauth and Karten 1977; Clarke 1977; Brecha and Karten 1979; Brecha et al. 1980; Gamlin and Cohen 1988; Wylie and Linkenhoker 1996; Wylie et al. 1997 ).","CSA was recorded in the molecular layer of folia IXcd and X, and displayed the characteristic low spontaneous activity of about 1 spikes/s (0.98 ± 0.11 spikes/s; mean ± s.e.m.)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":114423638,"citingcorpusid":49643248,"citedcorpusid":41334730,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Lee et al. (2004) found that 8% of chronic subdural haematomas (CSDH) were actually ACSDHs, [1, 2] although there are few cases reported in medical literature.","(2004) found that 8% of chronic subdural haematomas (CSDH) were actually ACSDHs, [1, 2] although there are few cases reported in medical literature.","Chronic haematomas are a mixture of liquefied blood and a semisolid clot pooling between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater [1,3]."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":526721308,"citingcorpusid":15781140,"citedcorpusid":123882258,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In [30], Wood proved Peterson’s conjecture which says that a monomial in degree d with exactly r odd exponents such that α(d + r) > r is A–decomposable; where α(m) counts the number of non-zero digits in the binary expansion of m.","Remark 3.4 In [6], Carlisle and Wood proved a striking property that the dimension of the vector space PAH∗(BVn) is bounded, for each n fixed.","His proof makes use of an important observation, nowadays known as Wood’s χ–trick, that for any two homogeneous polynomials u and v in the polynomial algebra H∗(BVn) and any Steenrod operation θ , u(θv) is A–decomposable iff (χ(θ)u)v is, where χ is the canonical conjugation in A.\n3Recently, Nam [22] claimed to have verified most cases in Hung’s list by using a completely different method.","4 In [6], Carlisle and Wood proved a striking property that the dimension of the vector space PAH∗(BVn) is bounded, for each n fixed.","In another direction, Carlisle and Wood [6] showed that as a vector space, the dimension of PAHd(BVn) is uniformly bounded; that is, it has an upper bound which depends only on n.","What we really need now are some global\n2This problem is called “the hit problem” in the literature (see Wood [31])."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3805725293,"citingcorpusid":249996867,"citedcorpusid":238697402,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["At present, the research on enterprise social security mainly focuses on theoretical research, specific case analysis, and application of migration model, while there are few research on combined innovation with artificial intelligence and big data analysis technology [5]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":419150693,"citingcorpusid":8171320,"citedcorpusid":22546000,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["first trimester, and these cytokines may also affect trophoblast function [56]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3915080134,"citingcorpusid":249024691,"citedcorpusid":94036970,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["By applying Equations (1) and (3), the qe value and %Biosorption of the sample A are 18.","The removal efficiency (or %Biosorption) is calculated based on Equation (3).","The Ce values are recalculated by using Equation (3) (for Figure 2a) and Equation 1 (for Figure 2b by assuming the W/V ratio of 10 g/L as in the original paper “Biosorption experiments in the batch mode were carried out by mixing of 0."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3419018164,"citingcorpusid":237235022,"citedcorpusid":20812206,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Cellular membrane damage was suggested by loss of cellular material into the heating menstruum (2, 12, 19) and by an increased sensitivity to harsh environments, e.","The effects of sublethal heating on nonsporulating organisms, both gram-positive and gram-negative, have been characterized (2, 6, 7, 10, 12, 15, 19)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3888865363,"citingcorpusid":77132944,"citedcorpusid":10827667,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["One of the mechanisms of Rho kinase is the elevated activity of the α2C adrenoceptor density and sensitivity(34-38).","Sympathetic nerve activity was recorded across young, middle ages, and elderly subjects, with the elderly population, experienced a 60% depression in bursts/min when compared to the other groups(35)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":2346909397,"citingcorpusid":28379822,"citedcorpusid":17173640,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Third, the alignment and phylogenetic tree for each structure was used as input of Rate4Site to obtain the site-specific rates of substitution using the empirical Bayesian method and the amino-acid Jukes-Cantor mutational model (aaJC) (Mayrose et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2030543380,"citingcorpusid":202933213,"citedcorpusid":119219274,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We have considered the need to use a bolometric magnitude of the Sun consistent with the zeropoint of the empirical bolometric corrections for stars (see Torres 2010)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2596392716,"citingcorpusid":161168702,"citedcorpusid":140730581,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Es en este sentido que autores como Touraine (2005) plantean un cambio de paradigma entre otras razones por peligros derivados de este énfasis contemporáneo en el concepto de ‘identidad’, reivindicando volver la mirada al individuo como ‘sujeto’."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":528351672,"citingcorpusid":53482271,"citedcorpusid":122633142,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To avoid the use of a shear correction factor and have a better prediction of response of FG beams, higher-order shear deformation theories have been proposed, notable among them are the third-order theory of Reddy [8-12], the sinusoidal theory of Touratier [13], the hyperbolic theory of Soldatos [14], the exponential theory of Karama et al. [15], and the unified formulation of Carrera [16-17].","To avoid the use of a shear correction factor and have a better prediction of response of FG beams, higher-order shear deformation theories have been proposed, notable among them are the third-order theory of Reddy [8-12], the sinusoidal theory of Touratier [13], the hyperbolic theory of Soldatos [14], the exponential theory of Karama et al.","The displacement fields of the third-order beam theory (TBT) based on Reddy [8], sinusoidal beam theory (SBT) based on Touratier [13], hyperbolic beam theory (HBT) based on Soldatos [14], and exponential beam theory (EBT) based on Karama et al. [15] can be obtained from Eq."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":3705299939,"citingcorpusid":247663711,"citedcorpusid":122848042,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Baawain et al. (2012) characterized two inclined circular water jets creating bubble plumes and plunging into an aeration tank.","Baawain et al. (2012) characterized two inclined\ncircular water jets creating bubble plumes and plunging into an aeration tank."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4049763007,"citingcorpusid":256372837,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["See e.g. Carpenter (2012), p. 18; Ross (2012), p. 40; News (2011b) (all updated).","279 Bolotny and Kalb (2011), p. 30 and 48; Infantino and Kleiner (2012), p. 113; Infantino and Zylberstein (2012), p. 384; News (2011a), ‘UEFA’ (online edition).","See also Boniface et al. (2012), p. 60–61; Husting et al. (2012), p. 14; News (2011a), ‘UEFA’ (online edition).","443 News (2011b), ‘Australia’ (online edition).","For more details about the additional measures currently being explored, see News (2011b), ‘Australia’ (online edition).","See also News (2011a), ‘UEFA’ (online edition)."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":4049780923,"citingcorpusid":256372837,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["65 Ross (2012), p. 29.","47 See also Gardiner and Naidoo (2007), p. 17–18; Gardiner et al. (2012), p. 277–279; Ross (2012), p. 29.","See also Remote Gambling Association (RGA), Sports Betting, Legal, Commercial and Integrity Issues, Study, 2010, p. 97; Ross (2012), p. 31.","See also Ross (2012), p. 40 (updated).","10 Carpenter (2012), passim, in particular p. 13–17; Joshi (2011c), ‘Integrity’ (online edition); Ross (2012), p. 29.","See e.g. Carpenter (2012), p. 18; Ross (2012), p. 40; News (2011b) (all updated).","195 In the same vein, see Joshi (2011c), ‘Integrity’ (online edition); Ross (2012), p. 31.","For more details about the action of these two national boards, see Ross (2012), p. 317–318.","360 In the same vein, see Ross (2012), p. 36.","See also Ross (2012), p. 38.","For a similar view, see e.g. Ross (2012), p. 35.","Concerning the ICC‘s structure, see e.g. Ross (2012), p. 35; Speed (2010).","46 Gardiner et al. (2012), p. 277–279; Ross (2012), p. 29–31.","344 For the concrete examples of India and Pakistan, see Ross (2012), p. 37–38.","36 Boniface et al. (2012), p. 11; Joshi (2011c), ‘Integrity’ (online edition); Gardiner et al. (2012), p. 274–275; Ross (2012), p. 29; Speed (2011), p. 24–42.","59 Gardiner et al. (2012), p. 286; McLaren (2001), p. 567–568; Ross (2012), p. 29; Speed (2011), p. 126–127.","For more details about the Victorian legislation, see Bolotny and Kalb (2011), p. 25; Diaconu (2012b), ‘Funding’, Rz 23; Boniface et al. (2012), p. 69; and Ross (2012), p. 38–39, who refers to Art.","114 Concerning cricket, see Gardiner and Naidoo (2007), p. 18; Ross (2012), p. 29.","See also Ross (2012), p. 29–30.","See also Ross (2012), p. 28.","As emphasised by certain legal commentators, the situation might be trickier with sports organisations, such as the ICC, whose program does not figure in the Olympic Games, and which have their own anti-corruption body [see e.g. Ross (2012), p. 42].","6 See Ross (2012), p. 29, who refers to Justice Malik Muhammad Qayyum, Report on Pakistan cricket match fixing (2000) 3.","See also Gardiner and Naidoo (2007), p. 16; Ross (2012), p. 29.","However, surprisingly, this document (as well as the player’s standard contract) does not refer expressly to the ICC Anti-Corruption Code [Ross (2012), p. 31].","345 Ross (2012), p. 37.","342 Ross (2012), p. 31–35.","402 Diaconu and Villeneuve (2010); Ross (2012), p. 42.","61 Ross (2012), p. 41.","62 Joshi (2011b), ‘Tribunal’ (online edition); Gardiner et al. (2012), p. 286; McLaren (2001), p. 568; Ross (2012), p. 32; Speed (2011), p. 125.","See also Ross (2012), p. 29.","In the same vein, see also Forrest (2012), p. 14–15; Gardiner and Naidoo (2007), p. 16; Ross (2012), p. 28.","343 For more details, see the opposing views of Gardiner et al. (2012), p. 285 on the one hand; and Ross (2012), p. 31–35 and 42–43, as well as Infantino and Kleiner (2012), p. 115–117 on the other hand.","…instances in the field of cricket, see notably Bolotny and Kalb (2011), p. 96 and 101; Remote Gambling Association (RGA), Sports Betting, Legal, Commercial and Integrity Issues, Study, 2010, p. 94–95; Gardiner et al. (2012), p. 273–286; Husting et al. (2012), passim; Ross (2012), p. 28–30.","…syndicate to influence the outcomes of several matches.75 Hoyzer’s main accomplice,\nAnte Sapina, linked to the betting mafia, was also jailed for several months,76 and other interested parties received a\n63 Gardiner et al. (2012), p. 286; McLaren (2001), p. 568; Ross (2012), p. 33–35 (all updated).","For more details, see Joshi (2011c), ‘Integrity’ (online edition); Ross (2012), p. 31–33.","412 Diaconu and Villeneuve (2010); Remote Gambling Association (RGA), Sports Betting, Legal, Commercial and Integrity Issues, Study, 2010, p. 106; Ross (2012), p. 42.","339 For more details, see Ross (2012), p. 35; Speed (2010).","Concerning the criminal sanctions in particular, see Boniface et al. (2012), p. 65 and 84; Gardiner and Naidoo (2007), p. 22–23; Husting et al. (2012), p. 15–16; Limbert (2011) (online edition); Mintas (2012), ‘FIFA’ (online edition); Ross (2012), p. 39.","130 Ross (2012), p. 35.","338 Ross (2012), p. 30 and 35; Speed (2010).","See also Gardiner and Naidoo (2007), p. 275–286; Ross (2012), p. 29; Speed (2011), p. 118–127.","See also (from a general perspective) Remote Gambling Association (RGA), Sports Betting, Legal, Commercial and Integrity Issues, Study, 2010, p. 106; Ross (2012), p. 42.","…and\nsentenced to penalties ranging from 6 to 30 months in prison.61 They were banned by the ICC for terms of between 5 and 10 years after a hearing in February 2011.62\n39 Boniface et al. (2012), p. 11; See also Gardiner and Naidoo (2007), p. 17; Gardiner et al. (2012), p. 275; Ross (2012), p. 29.","37 Boniface et al. (2012), p. 11; Joshi (2011c), ‘Integrity’ (online edition); Gardiner et al. 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{"citationid":3346046933,"citingcorpusid":234855623,"citedcorpusid":129421727,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The monitoring of these complex areas can be carried out through ground-based and remote-sensing high precision techniques such as repeated precise geometric leveling [20], Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) [21], and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) [3].","These parameters were computed in the first step of the procedure by a weighted least-squares approach (see [21,33,62] for more details).","The coordinates and velocities of the five CGNSS sites were measured applying a procedure similar to that described in [21,33,62].",", [21,30,31,49,74]) using observations acquired between the past centuries and the first years of the 2000s, clearly indicates a decrease in the land subsidence rate in the PRD area."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":835748697,"citingcorpusid":3760070,"citedcorpusid":15288503,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["and NADH from nonfermentable substrates (42).","Adr1 regulates genes involved in aerobic oxidation of nonfermentable carbon sources, including lactate (42).","Adr1 has been shown to bind the promoters of 14 genes (42, 43).","Average n-fold increases in mRNAs transcribed from promoters previously shown to bind Adr1 (42)"],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3284667830,"citingcorpusid":232051137,"citedcorpusid":149505143,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["5 represented in different forms of media (for example, Baker, 2014; Wilkinson, 2019; Heritage and Koller, 2020), it has not yet been applied to videogames as a text-type.","46 Wilkinson, M. (2019). ‘Bisexual oysters’: A diachronic corpus-based critical discourse analysis of bisexual representation in The Times between 1957 and 2017.","Although this method has been applied to the study of how gender and sexuality are\nrepresented in different forms of media (for example, Baker, 2014; Wilkinson, 2019; Heritage and Koller, 2020), it has not yet been applied to videogames as a text-type."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":112088320,"citingcorpusid":40868996,"citedcorpusid":36731062,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Introducing parasitic strip near the radiating elements or the ground plane is another way to create the notched band, such as strips near the patch [7]-[8] and split-ring resonators (SRRs) near the feed line [9]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3932767131,"citingcorpusid":7987555,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This definition allows to make use of the concept of the generalized Renyi exponents [10, 11].","For this reason the following Section is an attempt to perform a more systematic analysis of these transition probabilities in the spirit of the Renyi exponents [10]."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":1617518699,"citingcorpusid":203468863,"citedcorpusid":168361817,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It has been used to describe ties with a common ethnic heritage (East Asia Analytical Unit 1995; Economist 1992; Tanzer 1994), interlocking directorates (Redding 1991), business groups (Numazaki 1991), and even industries (for example, the use of 'rubber network' instead of the rubber industry (Irwan 1995)).","In practice, however, the breaking of trust has widespread social ramifications: the individual concerned is likely to be ostracised and to find it difficult to re-establish connections (Redding 1991).","It is clearly important in the Chinese case, but it lies in the context of a wider system (Redding 1991).","It is clearly important in the Chinese case, but it lies in the\ncontext of a wider system (Redding 1991).","The\nprincipal economic actor thus becomes an informal coalition, a linked network of\nunits (Redding 1991).","The principal economic actor thus becomes an informal coalition, a linked network of units (Redding 1991).","5 Elements of network ties Xinyong, or trustworthiness, is a key component of economic exchange for the ethnic Chinese (Redding 1991; Silin 1976).","This reciprocation releases other forms of efficiency, which can be explained technically in terms of low transaction costs, strategic flexibility, and a capacity for innovation, all of which facilitate a continuation of the successful recipe in the future (Redding 1991).","Certain cultural dispositions, such as an ethic of trustworthiness, have also\nbeen put forward as contributing to business success (Redding 1991 )."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":798268027,"citingcorpusid":16386374,"citedcorpusid":42464696,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many previous studies suggest road access is important for many provisioning ecosystem services (Chan et al. 2006; Wang et al. 2010; Fagerholm et al. 2012; Cimon-Morin et al.\n2013), yet roads are known to negatively impact regulating and supporting ecosystem services through degradation to plant,…","…development can come with trade-offs to other industry sectors that also gain benefit from nature such as forestry or agriculture, but the full cost and accounting of economic benefits/trade-offs is not fully understood or incorporated into many land management decisions (Wang et al. 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1579946060,"citingcorpusid":201702026,"citedcorpusid":14777636,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The effects of SMR neurofeedback in ADHD have been demonstrated to be mediated by the normalisation of sleep prior to the improvement of ADHD symptoms (Arns et al., 2014).","…patient populations; a\n20% prevalence of OSA (Silvestri et al., 2009); a 20% prevalence of restless legs (Konofal et al., 2010; Silvestri et al., 2009) and a 73-78% prevalence of delayed onset circadian rhythm sleep (van der Heijden et al., 2005, 2007; van Veen et al., 2010; Arns et al., 2014).","Neurofeedback, the operant training of EEG activity, has been shown to have a specific effect on sleep and ADHD symptoms (Arns et al., 2014).",", 2009) and a 73-78% prevalence of delayed onset circadian rhythm sleep (van der Heijden et al., 2005, 2007; van Veen et al., 2010; Arns et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3793574646,"citingcorpusid":154070352,"citedcorpusid":153213591,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The underlying theory predicting the effects of innovative management practice on performance outcomes is referred to as ‘AMO theory’ (Appelbaum et al. 2000).","Consistent with the literature review and AMO theory (Appelbaum et al. 2000), the distinctive aspects of an organization’s context considered in this study were: (1) training and development; (2) discretionary rewards; (3) appraisals; (4) organizational climate (high trust, high involvement and…","Consistent with the literature review and AMO theory (Appelbaum et al. 2000), the distinctive aspects of an organization’s context considered in this study were: (1) training and development; (2) discretionary rewards; (3) appraisals; (4) organizational climate (high trust, high involvement and high control); and (5) industrial relations climate."],"intents":[["background"],null,["result"]]}
{"citationid":3858773425,"citingcorpusid":233823153,"citedcorpusid":153213591,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The basis of this argument is that certain HRM practices help improve individual and organisational performance [35] through positive employee attitudes and well-being at work [19,36].","The AMO Theory [19,20] puts forth that performance is a function of three elements of HRM: (A) ability, (M) motivation and (O) opportunity."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2864847328,"citingcorpusid":6722661,"citedcorpusid":7712042,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Although Arc1p is predominantly cytoplasmic in S. cerevisiae (Simos et al. 1996a), it is possible that the protein shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm to facilitate export.","Similarly, the enzyme Pus1p, (pseudouridine synthase 1), which catalyzes the conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in three distinct regions of the tRNA (Motorin et al. 1998), is localized within the nucleus (Simos et al. 1996b).","…a polymerase III transcription factor, PUS1, which encodes a pseudouridine synthase, ARC1, which encodes a tRNA-binding protein that functions in tRNA aminoacylation as well as GCD11, which encodes the g-subunit of the translation initiation factor eIF2 (Simos et al. 1996a,b; Hellmuth et al. 1998).","Arc1p is found in a complex with two aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in S. cerevisiae, MetRS and GluRS, where it is required for the efficient aminoacylation of tRNA by these enzymes (Simos et al. 1996a, 1998).","Furthermore, Los1p has been localized to the nuclear pore using indirect immunofluorescence (Simos et al. 1996b) and shown to physically interact with at least two nuclear pore proteins, Nsp1p and Nup2p (Hellmuth et al.","Experiments in which Arc1p was localized within cells using indirect immunofluorescence have revealed that while Arc1p is cytoplasmic, the protein appears to be concentrated at the nuclear periphery (Simos et al. 1996a).","Interestingly, although S. cerevisiae cells lacking ARC1 grow slowly, these cells become inviable in the presence of mutations in either LOS1, which encodes the tRNA export receptor, or NSP1, which encodes a nuclear pore protein (Simos et al. 1996a 1998).","Furthermore, although cells lacking either Pus1p or Los1p are viable at all temperatures, cells lacking both proteins exhibit reduced growth at 30°C and are dead at 37°C (Simos et al. 1996b).","The pseudouridine synthase Pus1p was identified originally because cells containing certain combinations of mutations in the nuclear pore protein Nsp1p and the tRNA transport receptor Los1p required Pus1p for viability (Simos et al. 1996b).","This scenario would be consistent with the observed concentration of Arc1p at the nuclear periphery in S. cerevisiae (Simos et al. 1996a).","The pseudouridine synthase Pus1p was identified originally because cells containing certain combinations of mutations in the nuclear pore protein Nsp1p and the tRNA transport receptor Los1p required Pus1p for viabil-\nity (Simos et al. 1996b).","Furthermore, Los1p has been localized to the nuclear pore using indirect immunofluorescence (Simos et al. 1996b) and shown to physically interact with at least two nuclear pore proteins, Nsp1p and Nup2p (Hellmuth et al. 1998).","This finding, together with the observed synthetic lethality with Los1p, have been incorporated into a model in which tRNA is delivered by Los1p to Arc1p which transfers it to the synthetases (Simos et al. 1996a, 1998).","1998), is localized within the nucleus (Simos et al. 1996b)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":812221021,"citingcorpusid":27331277,"citedcorpusid":3315823,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Trisomy 21 is found in about 40 per cent of cases (Nicolaides et al., 1992d; Snijders and Nicolaides, 1996).","The risk for chromosomal defects is similar for fetuses with unilateral or bilateral involvement, different types of renal abnormalities, urethral or ureteric obstruction, and oligohydramnios or normal/reduced amniotic fluid volume (Nicolaides et al., 1992e).","The overall risk for chromosomal abnormalities increases with the total number of defects that are identified (Nicolaides et al., 1992f).","We consider the condition to be present if in the mid-sagittal plane of the neck there is subcutaneous oedema (at least 7 mm) that produces a characteristic tremor on ballottement of the fetal head (Nicolaides et al., 1992c).","The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities is four-times higher when the omphalocele sac contains only bowel than in cases where the liver is included (Nyberg et al., 1989; Nicolaides et al., 1992d).","Chromosomal\ndefects, mainly trisomies 18 and 13, are found in about 60 per cent of cases at 12 weeks, 35 per cent of cases at mid-gestation and in 15 per cent of neonates (Nicolaides et al., 1992d; Snijders and Nicolaides, 1996).","The condition is usually sporadic and associated chromosomal defects are rare (DeLorimier, Fonkalsrud and Hays, 1969; Nicolaides et al., 1992d).","In the 1990s, it was realized that this excess skin can be visualized by ultrasonography as increased nuchal translucency (NT) in the third month of intrauterine life (Figure 1) (Nicolaides et al., 1992a).","Nuchal cystic hygromata should be distinguished from nuchal oedema,\nwhich has a high association with trisomies (Nicolaides et al., 1992c).","In about 80 per cent of fetuses with trisomy 18 there is a characteristic shape of the head that is best seen in the suboccipitobregmatic view (Nicolaides et al., 1992b)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3406631891,"citingcorpusid":236461307,"citedcorpusid":8409324,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The secondary outcomes were as follows: (1) relapse—recurrence of HCV RNA within the post therapy follow-up period [20], (2) reinfection—detection of HCV RNA following end of treatment response or following sustained virologic response [21], (3) virological failure—increase in the HCV RNA level to at least 100 IU/ml from < 15 IU/ml during treatment, by > 1 log10 IU/ml from the lowest levels attained during treatment, or to at least 15 IU/ml after 6  weeks of treatment [22], and (4) adverse events (AEs; any grade.","In addition, a meta-analysis showed that 24  weeks LDV/SOF resulted in more SAEs in GT1 chronic hepatitis C patients compared to 8 weeks and 12 weeks treatments [20]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":875794633,"citingcorpusid":37879530,"citedcorpusid":43666314,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2633169180,"citingcorpusid":145754790,"citedcorpusid":129602351,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…but rather for encouraging reflection on modes of presenting, writing and pedagogy within urban studies, on the interconnections between the poetics and the politics of textual strategies (Pred, 1995), and on the technologies through which cities are made visible as cities (Pile and Thrift, 2000)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1678801804,"citingcorpusid":34268301,"citedcorpusid":14363531,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Hh signaling pathway was initially recognized for its role in modulating embryonic cell proliferation and differentiation (1-4); however, more recently, it has been demonstrated that Hh is important in the proliferation of various types of cancer cells, including lung, pancreatic and gastric cancer cells (12,14,16,24-26).","Previous studies have identified that the Hh signaling pathway is involved in inducing cancer, including skin cancer (7), medulloblastoma (8), and lung (9,10), gastrointestinal (11-13), breast (14), prostate (15), ovarian (16) and endometrial cancer (17), in various mammalian systems."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2015592180,"citingcorpusid":21762017,"citedcorpusid":14363531,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is due to cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis-promoting effect and apoptosis-inhibiting effect of GLI1 overexpression [60]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1928286347,"citingcorpusid":41397401,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, for many organisations it is a challenge to establish reasonable outcome expectations about the level of expected performance (Perrin 2002; Boyne & Law 2005).","Perrin (2002) and Curristine (2005b) are concerned about the poor quality of data in governments and the risk of making inferior decisions based on such data."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3835962500,"citingcorpusid":21130569,"citedcorpusid":116368209,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The set of current ring loops are treated as an induced inductor [5]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":973169802,"citingcorpusid":73701625,"citedcorpusid":109857262,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Trokelgintza-sektoreak garrantzi handia dauka gaur egungo fabrikazio-munduan [4]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":973169845,"citingcorpusid":73701625,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2652636932,"citingcorpusid":10861471,"citedcorpusid":7129059,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) and R proteins are not listed [158]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4051419937,"citingcorpusid":256430455,"citedcorpusid":154571026,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This also explains why (the rules of) case assignment among Supreme Court panels (or even among individual judges) are crucial.\nhousing to individual Supreme Court judges and deciding on their vacation packages (Popova 2012; Solomon 2012).","In addition, Chief Justices control the administration of human and material resources at the Supreme Court (Popova 2012; Solomon 2012; Kosař 2016).","So is the fact that court presidents are powerful actors there (Piana 2010; Solomon 2012; Popova 2012, 2020)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4051419361,"citingcorpusid":256430455,"citedcorpusid":239124878,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["When Orbán’s regime ousted the sitting Chief Justice of the Hungarian Supreme Court, András Baka, European politicians and scholars were caught off-guard (Halmai 2012, p. 367; Landau 2013, pp. 208–211; Tushnet 2015, pp. 433–435; Uitz 2015; Vincze 2015; Kosař and Šipulová 2018)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4051419907,"citingcorpusid":256430455,"citedcorpusid":151236506,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A vast literature has studied the rise to prominence of CE constitutional courts (Sadurski 2014) and uneasy entrenchment of judicial independence in this region (Smilov 2006; Bobek 2010; Seibert-Fohr 2012).","…2014),8 also, implicitly or explicitly, affected Chief Justices who were no longer supposed to be the subservient agents of the ruling politicians or the bosses of other judges (Fleck 2003; Bárd 2004; Smilov 2006; Iancu 2009; Piana 2010; Popova 2010; Parau 2012; Bobek and Kosař 2014; Parau 2018).","The other camp challenged that assertion and showed that conditionality failed on the ground (Malová 2001; Smilov 2006; Dimitrova 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3725945947,"citingcorpusid":248258754,"citedcorpusid":229480561,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Kwangsian Orogeny resulted in the convergence of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks, the study area evolving from a shallow carbonate platform into a semi-restricted cratonic basin (i.e., the inner Yangtze Sea) (Chen et al., 2014b; Zhou et al., 2017; Li et al., 2019,\n2021; Xi et al., 2021).","However, there remain some controversies regarding the Late Ordovician basin-mountain transition in the Upper Yangtze and its relationship to the collision and convergence of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks (i.e., the regional Kwangsian Orogeny) (Chen et al., 2014a; Li et al., 2019, 2021)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4116836304,"citingcorpusid":258889900,"citedcorpusid":196574377,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":187912783,"citingcorpusid":15997234,"citedcorpusid":17449375,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Lattice models have been also studied by Skolnick and co-workers [43, 44]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":950128114,"citingcorpusid":11791294,"citedcorpusid":1492490,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, although the use of oral opioid analgesics has been reported, their effects are affected by ingestion; therefore, they cannot be widely used clinically [12, 16, 17].","Therefore, it is important to treat the pain from mucositis using topical anesthetics or systemic analgesics because the relief of pain improves the patients’ quality of life and promotes food intake after chemoradiotherapy, which indirectly lowers the morbidity of oral infection and shortens the duration of hospitalization [12]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":950128710,"citingcorpusid":11791294,"citedcorpusid":15161835,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1690149033,"citingcorpusid":72583468,"citedcorpusid":31912025,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["tomography and conventional magnetic resonance imaging in the preoperative local staging of rectal tumors.(6,9,13,14) According to currently available data, endorectal sonography is 72% to 95% accurate for tumor staging and 61% to 83% accurate for nodal staging.","Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) usually presents as a lower gastrointestinal inflammatory process with a distended gastrointestinal wall; thickened, irregular mucosa; and deep ulcerations.(9) In Crohn disease, fistula formation, strictures, and inflammatory process such as pelvic abscess and perianal lesions can be identified."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":953093218,"citingcorpusid":6924088,"citedcorpusid":14822149,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In contrast, other groups have shown an upregulation of the OTR in brain regions other than the NAc core and STh, following repeated psychostimulant administration (Georgiou et al., 2015, 2016; Zanos et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":2569341489,"citingcorpusid":21409975,"citedcorpusid":21386004,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The A. vinelandii modE copy located between the modG molbindin and the modABC transport genes mediates Mo repression of modABC, vnfA (coding for the activator of vanadium nitrogenase genes), and anfA (Mouncey et al., 1995, 1996; Premakumar et al., 1998)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2136223276,"citingcorpusid":158357268,"citedcorpusid":153881378,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of sustainability information have been studied previously, the results obtained refer to specific countries within a single cultural environment (Albalate, 2013; García-Sánchez, Frías-Aceituno, and Rodríguez-Domínguez 2013; Alcaraz-Quiles, Navarro-Galera, and Ortiz-Rodríguez 2015; Brusca, Manes…"],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":3154403110,"citingcorpusid":226387295,"citedcorpusid":781508,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["between sleep duration or sleep disruption and cancer risk [61, 62]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3944271384,"citingcorpusid":252268484,"citedcorpusid":353733,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Failed awake surgery is related to a lesser extent of resection [8]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1871189419,"citingcorpusid":8793090,"citedcorpusid":9677585,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Any dysfunction in such factors potentially affects the LD absorption process in PD patients, particularly in the elderly.(22) Additionally, the degenerative process of PD may influence LD absorption, because Lewy bodies are occasionally seen in the intestinal Auerbach and Meissner plexuses in PD patients."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2128485708,"citingcorpusid":73444510,"citedcorpusid":21584023,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Blood products, like cells, have biologically active components that cannot be subjected to terminal sterilization.(19) Manufacture of dried plasma using glass containers and rubber stoppers was successfully implemented in WWII.","Manufacturers of dried plasma made from singledonor units have to take unique approaches to testing for safety and potency, as most testing is destructive and it would be cost prohibitive to test every unit.(19) Additionally, current plasma products such as FFP and PF24 are not tested for sterility or coagulation factor levels.","Products’ mechanism of action will need to be sufficiently understood to identify appropriate biomarkers of clinical effect and/or to develop appropriate potency assays.(19) Development of a commercially viable cell therapy product will require defining a cell type for a discrete therapeutic indication and target for action in a traumatic injury that can demonstrate the benefit of cell therapy in clinical settings."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":404759195,"citingcorpusid":12130067,"citedcorpusid":33300231,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…could reestablish both the bone phenotype and the formation of the HSC niche in the BM. OCLs derive from the monocyte lineage, and the transfer of hematopoietic cells restores OCL activity in oc/oc mice (Seifert and Marks, 1987; Frattini et al., 2005; Johansson et al., 2006; Wakkach et al., 2008).","As expected and already described (Frattini et al., 2005; Johansson et al., 2006), this treatment induced a restoration of bone resorption as supported by the formation of a BM cavity that was absent in oc/oc mice (Fig.","OCLs derive from the monocyte lineage, and the transfer of hematopoietic cells restores OCL activity in oc/oc mice (Seifert and Marks, 1987; Frattini et al., 2005; Johansson et al., 2006; Wakkach et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":790850261,"citingcorpusid":11894856,"citedcorpusid":28110004,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moving from the observation that cerebral metabolism during a quiet rest state is as vigorous as that when individuals solve externally administered matching problems [25], brain imaging research in recent years has completely changed the traditional view that FDG PET brain images at rest poorly reflect a homogeneous distribution of low levels of glucose consumption in cortical and subcortical regions."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4116704652,"citingcorpusid":258894339,"citedcorpusid":212893667,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3422971905,"citingcorpusid":33514978,"citedcorpusid":9823812,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In recent reports, protection has been conferred on mice by MAbs specific for the LPS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20), Escherichia coli O111:B4 (13), and Salmonella typhimurium (8), although in the latter study little success was achieved with the inherently susceptible C3H/HeJ strain in accord with Eisenstein et al."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1711599263,"citingcorpusid":15053672,"citedcorpusid":40652794,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["001 ression of apical periodontitis by promoting autophagy to protect steoblasts from turning apoptotic (Lai et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":182222597,"citingcorpusid":42056800,"citedcorpusid":15397152,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Examples of the development of the basic VRP may include the following: asymmetry of the cost in transport net [6], inhomogeneous fleet [7], limitations due to the maximum length of the route resulting from the policy of transport, traffic conditions and characteristics of the transport network, or the specifics of cargo, specific time period or time windows that define the moment of pick-up and delivery of cargo (time-windows - VRP - TW) [8][9][10][11], multiple depots, limitations related to the entry points of the client for a particular type of vehicle [12] ."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1437604152,"citingcorpusid":54847840,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Canyon Ecological Reserve vicinity is a more benign environment, and soft-bottom shorefish species of fishery value, such as California halibut (Moser and Watson 1990; Barsky 1990; Helvey and Witzig 1990), might, a priori, be expected to benefit from the exclusively inshore, soft-bottom reserve."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1605590137,"citingcorpusid":103865378,"citedcorpusid":19432578,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Mg(0H)2 has been used successfully to increase the microclimate pH of poly(orr/io esters) to inhibit polymer degradation [Heller, 1990].","camptothecins- This microclimate may be neutralized by co-encapsulating of a base such as Mg(0 H)2, as suggested by previous work with poIy(o/t^o esters) [Heller, 1990]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2358270574,"citingcorpusid":121504290,"citedcorpusid":144400349,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Feedback of a descriptive nature (Gipps, 1999), focusing on the task, process, or self-regulation (Hattie & Timperley, 2007), while providing information about what needs to be improved and how students may do it is potentially more conducive to learning (Santos, 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4036736575,"citingcorpusid":250197987,"citedcorpusid":142222018,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Conversely, in CAS, the item “animal rights” (Figure 3, light blue cluster) reached greater importance, which confirmed not only a current of thought based on the recognition of an Animal Rights Theory (ART) (Donaldson & Kymlicka, 2011), but also, based on its position, a closer link to “social movements” and “veganism.”","As we have already mentioned in this paper, regarding the discussion between biocentrism and environmentalism, the two discourses are not only not aligned but they may conflict (Donaldson & Kymlicka, 2011; Horta, 2017; Svärd, 2008).","While the first position advocates the consideration of all living individuals (biocentrism), the second emphasizes the conservation of species, as collectives, above individuals (Donaldson & Kymlicka, 2011; Horta, 2017; Svärd, 2008).","…item “animal rights” (Figure 3, light blue cluster) reached greater importance, which confirmed not only a current of thought based on the recognition of an Animal Rights Theory (ART) (Donaldson & Kymlicka, 2011), but also, based on its position, a closer link to “social movements” and “veganism.”"],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":93192928,"citingcorpusid":4337142,"citedcorpusid":12352824,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[14,15] Embarrassment and stigma can further contribute to lower levels of physical activity and avoidance of community exercise facilities.[6,16] Although community facilities often offer a range of classes and exercise options that are designed to encourage exercise adherence, concerns also have been raised regarding the ability of such facilities to address the needs of persons with chronic conditions such as MS.","[1–5] At the same time, persons with MS can be reluctant to exercise because of the risk of falls or injury and the fatigue associated with rising core temperatures.[6] These risks are mitigated with aquatic exercise due to water’s buoyant and thermodynamic properties; water environments additionally can allow persons with impairments to engage a greater range of muscles."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3642702278,"citingcorpusid":245837354,"citedcorpusid":22137261,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["03 cells/h [70] rpn Rate at which pathogens are killed by neutrophils 20-100/per neutrophil/h [71]"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4043556423,"citingcorpusid":256057806,"citedcorpusid":249955722,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Molecular profiling is routinely applied to pre-treatment core biopsy to assist in pre-operative management decisions, which is a vital reference when deciding whether to proceed with NAC treatment [7]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3561056350,"citingcorpusid":239623592,"citedcorpusid":116836843,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, users may have various concerns about renewable energy technologies, which could arise from their energy use habit, preference toward conventional fuels, energy needs for heating and cooking, as well as local culture and resource availability (Ghimire & Kim, 2018).","The social barriers, which arise from the users and are closely related to the acceptance of the development activities of geothermal energy and its use, can be categorized into three aspects: public awareness, consumer paying capacity, and social acceptance (Ghimire & Kim, 2018).","…need to be overcome in the development of geothermal resources, attention should also be paid to the identification and mitigation of potential soil barriers, which is an often under-appreciated and under-examined challenge for renewable energy projects (Ghimire & Kim, 2018; Pasqualetti, 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":980005534,"citingcorpusid":73617175,"citedcorpusid":150409742,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Note that both B and Cl follow the form obtained by Jansson (1980) in equations (5) and (7) for an isolated corridor.","As stated by Jansson (1979), public transport analysis has to include a network perspective."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2164335196,"citingcorpusid":103711958,"citedcorpusid":129650363,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Binder et al., 1990; Charters et al., 1993; Connan et al., 2000; 26 Urem-Kotsou et al., 2002; Rageot et al., 2015), the decoration of ceramics (e.g. Vogt, 1949; 27 Trąbska et al., 2011; Rageot et al., 2015) and, more surprisingly, as chewing-gum (e.g. 28 Aveling and Heron, 1999; van Gijn and Boon,…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3566114115,"citingcorpusid":85502262,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["From heat transfer perspective, Yovanovich and Marotta [33] showed that an isothermal surface strip (width 2a and length L) on top of a substrate (width λ and length L) with semi-infinite thickness and insulated sides imposes a strip spreading resistance (Rc s) equal to:","From heat transfer perspective, Yovanovich and Marotta [33] showed that an isothermal surface strip (width 2a and length L) on top of a substrate (width λ and length L) with semi-infinite thickness and insulated sides imposes a strip spreading resistance (Rc s) equal to:\nRc s ¼ 1 πkL\n1\nsin π2 ffiffiffiffi Ar Aa q ¼ 1 πkL\n1\nsin π2 ffiffiffi 2a λ q 2\nπ2kL\nffiffiffiffiffi λ\n2a\nr (9)\nWhere the simplification on the right-hand side of Equation (9) is valid for λ 2a."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3804583758,"citingcorpusid":249983028,"citedcorpusid":23564347,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the early stage of stroke when the BBB is still intact, the activity of a luminal membrane BBB NKCC is stimulated by ischemic factors and, together with the abluminal Na/K ATPase that mediates active extrusion of Na at the abluminal membrane, contributes to secretion of Na, Cl and water from the blood into the brain and formation of brain edema.(33) Our previous studies have shown that the K content of the BBB cells does not increase for several hours despite the fact that both NKCC and the Na/K ATPase keep bringing K into the BBB endothelial cells during ischemia.","Our previous studies have shown that the K content of the BBB cells does not increase for several hours despite the fact that both NKCC and the Na/K ATPase keep bringing K into the BBB endothelial cells during ischemia.(33) This lack of K increase might be caused by K channel activity, most likely KCa3."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":842054988,"citingcorpusid":1819651,"citedcorpusid":24541074,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Other DBPs reported to be carcinogenic in animal studies include the haloacetic acids (3), haloacetonitriles (4), bromate (5), and 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy2(5H)-furanone (MX) (6).","Arch Environ Health 50(4):269–276 (1995).","Environ Sci Technol 31(4):1033–1039 (1997)."],"intents":[["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":954768498,"citingcorpusid":22998167,"citedcorpusid":193229363,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Tweety and their Tokyo murder cases (cf. Bovens and Hartmann 2003), Glass’ dedecahedron case (cf. Glass 2005), Meijs’ samurai and his rabbit case (cf. Meijs 2005), Meijs and Douven’s plane lottery case (cf. Meijs and Douven 2007), Schupbach’s robber case (cf. Schupbach 2011), Siebel’s…","In order to overcome these difficulties Meijs (2006) has suggested the following alternative: in order to assess the coherence of X , take the straight average over all Cgo values applied to every subset X ′ i of X with |X ′ i | ≥ 2: Cmei (X) = ∑(2n−n)−1 i=1 Cgo(X ′ i ) (2n − n) − 1 This measure is obviously more fine-grained but it is easy to see that the codomain [0, 1] and the threshold θ remain the same."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3355945113,"citingcorpusid":230660919,"citedcorpusid":204232013,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Huang et al [25] introduced a tensor-based feature representation of the MI EEG signals."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2151011378,"citingcorpusid":167727136,"citedcorpusid":153590961,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["They have generally found positive and significant effects of innovation (DiPietro & Anoruo, 2006; Greenhalgh, 1990; Leon-Ledesma, 2005; Montobbio & Rampa, 2005; Narula & Wakelin, 1998; Özçelik & Taymar, 2004; Pla-Barber & Alegre, 2007; Sterlachini, 1999; Verspagen & Wakelin, 1997; Wakelin, 1998))."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":217839578,"citingcorpusid":38143613,"citedcorpusid":42199948,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[", 2008), but much lower than the children aged 6-9 years from Delhi (Kapil and Sethi, 2004) where the rate was 52.","%) in the study among the children aged 6-14 years of Bankura, West Bengal (Bose et al., 2008), but much lower than the children aged 6-9 years from Delhi (Kapil and Sethi, 2004) where the rate was 52.5%."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1015389894,"citingcorpusid":88945179,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Glyco­ proteins show impaired binding because only the protein component is believed to bind SDS (Pitt-Rivers and Impiombato, 1968).","4 g SDS per g of protein (corres­ ponding to about one molecule of SDS per two amino acid residues) which generally swamps out the intrinsic charge of the proteins (Pitt-Rivers and Impiombato, 1968, Reynolds and Tanford, 1970). However, several pro­ teins show anomalous behavior in SDS gel electrophoresis. For instance, a decrease in SDS binding can be caused by different factors. Glyco­ proteins show impaired binding because only the protein component is believed to bind SDS (Pitt-Rivers and Impiombato, 1968). Negative maleyl, succinyl or carboxymethyl groups induce a lower binding of SDS by elec­ trostatic repulsion, causing an increase of up to 20% in apparent MW (Tung and Kmght, 1972, Tagaki et al., 1975). Many membrane proteins bind higher amounts of SDS due to their hydrophobic character (Miyake, 1978) Histones, although binding the normal amount of SDS, show atypically low mobilities due to their high net positive charge (Panyim and Chalkley, 1971). Several homologous proteins with identical MW's have different mobilities in SDS gels. The a-crystallin A and В chains are a well-known example of this phenomenon. De Jong et al (1978) reported differences in mobility of a-crystallin A chains differing in primary structure only by one or a few amino acid residues."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1015390072,"citingcorpusid":88945179,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Investigations of the quaternary structure of LAP have shown that to each of the subunits an additional, elongated \"tail\" is attached (Ludewig et al., 1977). These tails, extending from the molecule, may be especially susceptible to attack by proteolytic enzymes. Alternatively, the trypsin-susceptible bond may be located in a region connecting distinct domains. The N-terminal part of LAP thus may represent a distinct structural domain comprising about a quarter of the molecule. The size of LT-I (about 140 residues) corresponds well with that of separate domains found in many proteins (between 100 and 200 residues). The remaining C-terminal part of LAP (LT-II) may comprise one or more domains. In view of the hypothesis that LAP contains at least two separate structural domains the finding of Taylor et al. (1979) that the subunits of LAP are bilobal with a principal and a minor lobe, is of special interest."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1662790661,"citingcorpusid":110920420,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Vale et al.10 developed a model for scheduling tamping on ballasted tracks by considering the track degradation, the track layout, the dependency of track quality improvement on the quality of track at the time of maintenance operation, and the track quality limits that depend on train speed.","Vale et al.(10) developed a model for scheduling tamping on ballasted tracks by considering the track degradation, the track layout, the dependency of track quality improvement on the quality of track at the time of maintenance operation, and the track quality limits that depend on train speed."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2908930532,"citingcorpusid":221835156,"citedcorpusid":219189973,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some times ethnic identity can develop into an ideology thereby acting as a balTier to interethnic communication (e.g. Arabs Vs Israelis) and reducing cultural, value and political diversity of the group (Malesevic, 2004).","Arabs Vs Israelis) and reducing cultural, value and political diversity of the group (Malesevic, 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":596437038,"citingcorpusid":56256337,"citedcorpusid":145436636,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These scales and empirical correlations have been discussed from different viewpoints by a number of authors [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1845003097,"citingcorpusid":89738120,"citedcorpusid":9421490,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…et al., 2014; Emoto, 2011; Engert and Bonhoeffer, 1999; Ghiretti and Paradis, 2014; Grubb and Burrone, 2010a, b; Grubb et al., 2011; Ikegaya et al., 2001; Johnston et al., 2016; Luo and O'Leary, 2005; Matsuzaki et al., 2004; Nagerl et al., 2004; Tonnesen et al., 2014; Yuste and Bonhoeffer, 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":289198027,"citingcorpusid":9261457,"citedcorpusid":9421490,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["One of the common pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases, besides neuronal loss, is local axon degeneration (reviewed in Coleman, 2005; Luo and O’Leary, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2432532308,"citingcorpusid":35932382,"citedcorpusid":9421490,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Growth cone collapse and degeneration of the terminal regions of long axons are recognized as the initial events in “dying back” degeneration, which is the most common pathology seen in peripheral nerve diseases caused by a wide variety of toxic, metabolic, and infectious insults [2, 49].","about the mechanism of neuritic retraction, several extrinsic and intrinsic cues are suggested to actively signal axonal and dendritic retraction [49, 53]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2712246637,"citingcorpusid":45843117,"citedcorpusid":9421490,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, corticospinal projections initially arise from a large part of the neocortex, but are pruned back to become area-specific [65].","Although the latter process has a period of perinatal plasticity [65], losing or keeping a projection to the spinal cord might be specified early."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":845153149,"citingcorpusid":29503323,"citedcorpusid":3024331,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Risk factors from childhood with possible impacts on the development of COPD in adulthood, such as frequent infections of the upper and lower airways [Sveger et al. 1995] and passive smoking [Piitulainen et al. 1998] were not found to have significant impact in the current study.","Risk factors from childhood with possible impacts on the development of COPD in adulthood, such as frequent infections of the upper and lower airways [Sveger et al. 1995] and passive smoking [Piitulainen et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2597959826,"citingcorpusid":21185034,"citedcorpusid":9421490,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["During in vivo development, axon outgrowth and branch extension occur independently such that branch growth occurs while axons are stalled (O’Leary and Terashima, 1988; Luo and O’Leary, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2303481763,"citingcorpusid":22376686,"citedcorpusid":9421490,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This observation further supports the notion that there is a diverse toolkit of mechanisms that cooperate to produce overall neural unwiring (Luo and O’Leary, 2005, Tao and Rolls, 2011).","On the surface, developmentally programmed remodeling seems to bear similarities to pathological degeneration processes that occur after injury, and in neurodegenerative disease (Luo and O’Leary, 2005; Saxena and Caroni, 2007)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1861724914,"citingcorpusid":7907958,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Large\nT-antigen initiates viral DNA replication and orchestrates the transition from early to late gene transcription by activating late gene expression and by suppressing its own early promoter (Khalili et al, 1987; Lashgari et al, 1989).","…region of the JCV in in vivo and in vitro transcription assays have revealed that expression of the viral early promoter is substantially higher in glial cells than nonglial cells (Feigenbaum et al, 1987; Lashgari et al, 1989; Lynch and Frisque, 1990, 1991; Lynch et al, 1994; Tada et al, 1989).","…little is known about the function of small t-antigen, the large T-antigen was shown to be a multifunctional phosphoprotein involved in both the initiation of viral DNA replication and T-antigen– mediated activation of JCV late genes (Khalili et al, 1987; Lashgari et al, 1989; Swenson et al, 1996)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":371027242,"citingcorpusid":7907958,"citedcorpusid":37862649,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The function of this 71–amino acid protein in the viral life cycle is not fully understood, although our recent observations indicate that it appears to have regulatory roles in JCV gene transcription and replication (Safak et al, 2001).","…with the viral early regulatory protein, T-antigen, and suppresses both T-antigen–mediated viral gene transcription and viral DNA replication (Safak et al, 2001) Our most current data also indicate that agnoprotein also exhibits negative regulatory effects on YB-1–mediated activation from…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":371027644,"citingcorpusid":7907958,"citedcorpusid":23800121,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["viral growth, including transcription, translation (Alwine et al, 1982; Haggerty et al, 1989; Piatak et al, 1981; Varakis et al, 1978), viral assembly (Carswell and Alwine, 1986; Carswell et al, 1986), and maturation (Margolskee and Nathans, 1983; Mertz et al, 1983; Ng et al, 1985).","…aspects of SV40\nviral growth, including transcription, translation (Alwine et al, 1982; Haggerty et al, 1989; Piatak et al, 1981; Varakis et al, 1978), viral assembly (Carswell and Alwine, 1986; Carswell et al, 1986), and maturation (Margolskee and Nathans, 1983; Mertz et al, 1983; Ng et al, 1985)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":371027212,"citingcorpusid":7907958,"citedcorpusid":22924216,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…region of the JCV in in vivo and in vitro transcription assays have revealed that expression of the viral early promoter is substantially higher in glial cells than nonglial cells (Feigenbaum et al, 1987; Lashgari et al, 1989; Lynch and Frisque, 1990, 1991; Lynch et al, 1994; Tada et al, 1989)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3811238841,"citingcorpusid":216427868,"citedcorpusid":83661048,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Generally, soybean meal and other soy byproducts use are limited to a supplementary or finishing role for cattle due to feed ration complications from other seed components [110, 112, 113].","While some livestock require other amino acids, most livestock need nine essential amino acids: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine [110]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":876255263,"citingcorpusid":32774975,"citedcorpusid":19084489,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This reduction was associated with disruption in the pancreatic microvascular blood flow as well as increased expression of adhesion molecules on the endothelial cells [33]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":876255288,"citingcorpusid":32774975,"citedcorpusid":22553725,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Clinical observations with infusion of haemoglobin substitutes have also shown increased platelet aggregation and adhesion in vivo on prothrombotic surfaces such as an injured vessel wall [23].","The extracellular haemoglobin (outside the protective red cell compartment) in haemolytic diseases scavenges NO voraciously leading to its depletion [23]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2821007461,"citingcorpusid":120032487,"citedcorpusid":121041504,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The discontinuity appearing in the mean total coalescence time as \" -+ 0 was pointed out by Slatkin (1991), Notohara (1990) and Nath and Griffiths (1993) in the case of two sampled genes.","In particular, the behaviour of the system when there is strong migration has been investigated through the distribution of the coalescence time, the number of segregating sites of DNA sequences and the number of allele types in a sample of genes (Notohara (1993), (1997), (2000))."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2002838867,"citingcorpusid":210150162,"citedcorpusid":3534556,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["S5) presumably as a consequence of polymerisation induced phase separation (cross -linked polymers became insoluble in the polymerisation mixture which produces segregation between the polymer network and the solvent [42])."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3470861844,"citingcorpusid":233901710,"citedcorpusid":209463514,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and rapid development of deep learning [23], [24], [25], it has achieved great success in many tasks such as image classification [26], [27], [28], object detection [29], [30], [31], image segmentation [32], [33], [34], scene recognition [35], natural language processing [36], [37], optical…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1204316210,"citingcorpusid":24782992,"citedcorpusid":27708301,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, prominent casques are not present in the ground hornbills (Bucorvus spp.), which suggests that large casques evolved after the syncervical given the phylogenetic placement of ground hornbills (Gonzalez et al., 2013).","), which suggests that large casques evolved after the syncervical given the phylogenetic placement of ground hornbills (Gonzalez et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":224280802,"citingcorpusid":12234034,"citedcorpusid":12014229,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["associated key terms) are known and their hierarchical relationship can be obtained using WordNet [ 2 ].","annotation [1][ 2 ][4][15], and learning-based methods [12]."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1916757289,"citingcorpusid":121270849,"citedcorpusid":18947295,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, they can be in the form of a uniform distribution, triangle distribution, ladder distribution, truncated normal distribution or other unsymmetrical forms (Mansoor  1963 , Gladman  1980 , Chase and Greenwood  1988 , Wu  1998 , Chase and Parkinson  1991 , Chou  et al .","For example, they can be in the form of a uniform distribution, triangle distribution, ladder distribution, truncated normal distribution or other unsymmetrical forms (Mansoor 1963, Gladman 1980, Chase and Greenwood 1988, Wu 1998, Chase and Parkinson 1991, Chou et al. 2005, Kuo and Tsai 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1928452200,"citingcorpusid":7554549,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["numerous t r i a l s on the contro l o f rusts of cereals and coffee l ea f disease demonstrate tha t v i s i b l e rust i n fec t i ons can be eradicated by spraying t r iad imefon, thus having a l as t i ng in f luence on the propagation of the fung i , as exempl i f ied by the resu l ts obtained by Maykuhs and Hoppe (1976) in t h e i r t r i a l s on the control o f ye l low rust of cereals."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":313821070,"citingcorpusid":9843802,"citedcorpusid":19316856,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For instance, inserting different TALE-binding sites in the promoter of a particular R gene can generate transgenic plants that display broad resistance to Xanthomonas infection (Hummel et al., 2012).","In contrast, the addition of customized TALE-binding sites in the promoter of any R gene can generate resistant rice plants that are healthy and fertile, since the R proteins are only expressed in response to a particular TALE (Hummel et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":988686322,"citingcorpusid":73304094,"citedcorpusid":41644815,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Sensitivity 12/22 55% [33-75] 11/22 50% [28-72] 1 /22 % [48-93]) 20/44 45% [28-64] 24/44 55% [36-72] 32/44 3% [53-86]","[35-90] 9/12 5% [43-95] 12/2 4 % [27-65] 1 /2 2% [43-80] 1 /2 5% [47-84]","PPV /1 41% [18-65] 8/13 2% [35-88] 9/22 41% [20-61] 12/58 21% [10-31] 1 /3 43% [27-59] 1 / 5 23% [13-32]","As yet, no large studies have compared 2D with 3D review methods, but data from a few smaller studies have suggested that use of primary 3D review methods results in better polyp visualization than use of primary 2D methods [39-41]."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1226987469,"citingcorpusid":198179538,"citedcorpusid":123398992,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Along similar lines, Train (2016) proposes a semi-parametric mixed logit model in which an additional discrete mixing distribution is imposed on the parameters of a variety of flexible functionals such as step, spline or polynomial functions.","In practice, the approach can be computationally expensive, as it relies on bootstrapping for the calculation of standard errors (see Train, 2016)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1734995302,"citingcorpusid":93570560,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Powdered hexagonal graphite-like boron nitride is inert to concentrated and dilute hydrochloric and nitric acids, aqua regia, and alkali solutions at the boiling temperature [3].","The oxidation rate decreases with an increase in the density of the material [3, 5]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":802530985,"citingcorpusid":25942611,"citedcorpusid":43853844,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["T7 RNAP was purified as described previously (42, 43)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1082108551,"citingcorpusid":85374879,"citedcorpusid":84994602,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The structure of tree canopies affects the radiation regime and the wind profile (Van Eimern and Riedinger, 1986).","In a beech forest, similar temperature deviations between 2-m air and understorey (0.2 m height) were found (0.5 K cooler during growing season, 2 K cooler hereafter; Van Eimern and Riedinger, 1986)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2100797178,"citingcorpusid":219591026,"citedcorpusid":52112852,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["During the last decade the amount of such investigations were carried out elsewhere [1–15] and represent the applications of machine vision for forging/stamping, casting and 3D-printing facilities of blank production."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2384774953,"citingcorpusid":220287033,"citedcorpusid":4614351,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["60–80 μm), and lower energy input [94,95]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3267765505,"citingcorpusid":134250549,"citedcorpusid":10933025,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["167 that was used for a similar alpine grassland transect previously (Jing et al., 2015).","We hence present the results here using the living to dead root mass of 1.167 that was used for a similar alpine grassland transect previously (Jing et al., 2015)."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3404875643,"citingcorpusid":236772554,"citedcorpusid":3923481,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[21] suggest that the potential shape of the confinement plays an important role.","Tunnelling experiments through the constriction [18-21] and resistively-detected nuclear-magnetic resonance can help clarify the detailed characteristics of","The obtained characteristics favour a non-Abelian state for a soft confinement and at a relatively high temperature [21].","Whether the νQPC = 3/2 state is Abelian or non-Abelian is a naïve question; nevertheless, the flexible tunability of the confinement potential of the triple-gate QPC with a back gate may allow switching between the Abelian and non-Abelian states [11,21]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2352667576,"citingcorpusid":148984957,"citedcorpusid":122986180,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…古典的テスト理論（Lord & Novick,1968 ;Novick,1966） の枠組みすらも存在していなかったのである。\nCortina（1993）は，信頼性をめぐる概念を整理し，\nCronbach（1951）が同義的に用いていた「等質性」 （homogeneity）と「内的整合性」（internal consistency） を明確に区別する必要があると論じた。Hattie （1985）も同じ趣旨を論じている。\n現在では，内的整合性は，項目が相互に関連してい る度合いを指すとされる（Crano & Brewer,1973;Green,…","…;Novick,1966） の枠組みすらも存在していなかったのである。\nCortina（1993）は，信頼性をめぐる概念を整理し，\nCronbach（1951）が同義的に用いていた「等質性」 （homogeneity）と「内的整合性」（internal consistency） を明確に区別する必要があると論じた。Hattie （1985）も同じ趣旨を論じている。\n現在では，内的整合性は，項目が相互に関連してい る度合いを指すとされる（Crano & Brewer,1973;Green, Lissitz,&Mulaik,1977)。一方で，等質性（homogeneity）…"],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":1615245741,"citingcorpusid":79546919,"citedcorpusid":37098975,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Studies have documented the effect of environments such as school on the students’ oral health (5, 11, 17-18).","Studies have shown that social support plays a significant role in oral health (9, 11).","In general, considering the high incidence of dental caries (7) and low prevalence of health behaviors among students (24), effect of social support on oral health (5, 11), the role of school in development of oral health-related behaviors among students (5), and shortage of studies on correlation of stages of dental cleaning behavior","In spite of numerous studies carried out on the effect of school role and social support on oral health (5, 11), none has evaluated the relationship stages of dental cleaning behavior based on Trans-theoretical model with school role and social support among Iranian students.","School is greatly involved in the development of habits, beliefs and health behaviors (11) as well as the oral health of adolescents (5)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":505412319,"citingcorpusid":53612305,"citedcorpusid":21641194,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Because as Norton (2001) implied, they do not invest in the practices of the target language.","In such instances, as Norton (2001) implies, highly motivated students do not invest in the language practices offered by teachers and many learners abandon their active participation in class.","Norton (1995, 2001) made immense contribution to SLA by incorporating this novel conceptualization from identity into language learning experience.","According to Norton (1995, 2001), the cognitive theorists of motivation, disregard the fact that affective factors are frequently socially T constructed in inequitable relations of power between interlocutors and also in higher levels of socio-cultural norms of that context, and are changing over…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2867949504,"citingcorpusid":12775150,"citedcorpusid":17751339,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In this Ðgure, which is adapted from Koopmann & Kenney (1998), the concentration parameter C30 is the Ñux ratio of the R-band light within to that within and is an0.","…galaxies with truncated H I disks yet relatively undisturbed stellar disks (Warmels 1988 ; Cayatte et al. 1990), and cluster spirals with vigorous star formation in their central regions but very little throughout most of their outer disks (van den Bergh et al. 1990 ; Koopmann & Kenney 1998, 1999).","There are a number of Virgo spiral galaxies with truncated star forming disks, which are likely to be undergoing or to have undergone ICM-ISM stripping : NGC 4064, 4380, 4405, 4413, and 4580 and IC 3392 (Koopmann & Kenney 1998, 1999)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":601533896,"citingcorpusid":56430258,"citedcorpusid":85375266,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The reduced phosphorus excretion is considered a key element for the sustainability of aquaculture in the long term (Morales, Moyano, and Marquez, 2011) and the use of nutritional strategies to reduce the excretion of this mineral into the water are among the most efficient methods (Bhavsar et al., 2013).","…phosphorus excretion is considered a key element for the sustainability of aquaculture in the long term (Morales, Moyano, and Marquez, 2011) and the use of nutritional strategies to reduce the excretion of this mineral into the water are among the most efficient methods (Bhavsar et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3297925305,"citingcorpusid":232381552,"citedcorpusid":85517639,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The physical layer channel characteristics like the multipath delay profile and the link-layer parameters like throughput were investigated based on the conducted measurements at 60 GHz in different industrial sites [52].","[52] 60 LoS and NLoS in different industrial settings 10–100 Throughput","For instance, a few mmWave radio propagation measurements have been conducted in various industrial environments at 28 GHz [44–50] and 60 GHz [44,51,52]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":924576954,"citingcorpusid":1791676,"citedcorpusid":40799908,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Further, β-carotene protects liposomes against lipid autooxidation mediated by superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, as well as against lipid peroxidation and lysis caused by Fe2+-generated radicals (LO● and LOO●) [39]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":29108801,"citingcorpusid":24782079,"citedcorpusid":10901138,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A typical choice of F (s) is a first order low pass filter capturing the time lag, but here we choose the band pass filter to embed the adaptation effect as well, for the latter is essential for an RIO [8].","Through the study of a damped pendulum driven by a simple CPG, called the reciprocal inhibition oscillator (RIO) [8], positive rate feedback with static nonlinearities (threshold and/or saturation) has been identified as a possible mechanism for resonance"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":370037752,"citingcorpusid":42585450,"citedcorpusid":9777365,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Shortly after infection, immense quantities of HIV particles become trapped on the dendritic processes of FDCs, and virus is found on these cells throughout the natural course of disease (9, 16, 17, 28).","FDCs trap and retain large amounts of HIV particles, and these are maintained in an infectious form for many months (7, 17, 22, 33)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":59778898,"citingcorpusid":14649397,"citedcorpusid":58205211,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Early hints of a science of QD within EC first appeared in the 1990s with work on multimodal function optimization (MMFO); a good review is provided by Mahfoud [15]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2028905246,"citingcorpusid":182438814,"citedcorpusid":27816813,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1015154252,"citingcorpusid":82619325,"citedcorpusid":20228310,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example the DAGE-rich livers of certain deepsea shark species contain in excess of 50% total lipid, of which up to 90% is present as DAGE, despite the limited capacity for DAGE metabolism of sharks (Wetherbee and Nichols 2000)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3241016158,"citingcorpusid":229016155,"citedcorpusid":11516663,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Mac Namara and Murphy [22] state that the concept of gamification has been applied in educational applications, namely Quizizz."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2087263879,"citingcorpusid":840427,"citedcorpusid":18565527,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the same year, DaimlerChrysler handled a procurement volume of more than 10 billion Euros (Burmeister et al. 2002).","Practical applications of multi-attribute auctions include tenders for weapons systems (Che 1993), B2B internet auctions (Burmeister et al. 2002), highway construction procurement (Bajari and Lewis 2009), and welfare-to-work tenders (Onderstal 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2450250802,"citingcorpusid":131382297,"citedcorpusid":96427494,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…circulation of the middle atmosphere for conditions corresponding to different seasons [Mingalev et al., 2007; 2012] and to investigate numerically how solar activity affects the formation of the large-scale global circulation of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere [Mingalev and Mingalev, 2012].",", 2007; 2012] and to investigate numerically how solar activity affects the formation of the large-scale global circulation of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere [Mingalev and Mingalev, 2012]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3582156497,"citingcorpusid":240558320,"citedcorpusid":136960579,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Acoustic emission of rock is an elastic wave released by the propagation of original cracks and defects in rock materials and the formation, initiation, evolution, expansion, and fracture of new microcracks during the process of loading [38, 39]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1079331880,"citingcorpusid":130418992,"citedcorpusid":98257306,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Three seasons of intercropping maize and soybean resulted in increased carbon input to the soil (Dyer et al., 2012; Vachon and Oelbermann, 2011), decreased N mineralization (Vachon and Oelbermann, 2011), and decreased soil emissions of CO2 and N2O (Dyer et al., 2012) as compared to sole crops of maize and soybean.","To prepare the air-dried and sieved (2 mm) soil samples for analysis of soil SOC and TN, carbonates were first removed by acid washing according to Dyer et al. (2012) and Midwood and Boutton (1998).","Three seasons of intercropping maize and soybean resulted in increased carbon input to the soil (Dyer et al., 2012; Vachon and Oelbermann, 2011), decreased N mineralization (Vachon and Oelbermann, 2011), and decreased soil emissions of CO2 and N2O (Dyer et al.","Currently intercropping is investigated in Argentina as a more sustainable agricultural practice, and includes intercrops of soybean with maize, sunflower, or wheat (e.g. Caviglia et al., 2010; Dyer et al., 2012; Echarte et al., 2011; Oelbermann and Echarte, 2011; Vachon and Oelbermann, 2011).","…intercropping maize and soybean resulted in increased carbon input to the soil (Dyer et al., 2012; Vachon and Oelbermann, 2011), decreased N mineralization (Vachon and Oelbermann, 2011), and decreased soil emissions of CO2 and N2O (Dyer et al., 2012) as compared to sole crops of maize and soybean.","Three seasons of intercropping maize and soybean resulted in increased carbon input to the soil (Dyer et al., 2012; Vachon and Oelbermann, 2011), decreased N mineralization (Vachon and Oelbermann, 2011), and decreased soil emissions of CO2 and N2O (Dyer et al., 2012) as compared to sole crops of…",", 2012; Vachon and Oelbermann, 2011), decreased N mineralization (Vachon and Oelbermann, 2011), and decreased soil emissions of CO2 and N2O (Dyer et al., 2012) as compared to sole crops of maize and soybean."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3130788390,"citingcorpusid":225275168,"citedcorpusid":98257306,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Higher CO2 fluxes under R+ relative to R− treatments can be attributed to the availability of easily decomposable organic matter under R+, which tends to stimulate microbial activity and CO2 production [54]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3554437031,"citingcorpusid":239220229,"citedcorpusid":206509131,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The discovery of polydopamine (PDA), inspired by mussel in nature, has provided an ideal candidate for CNT surface modification [35]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2043196370,"citingcorpusid":199182268,"citedcorpusid":13300938,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1562862315,"citingcorpusid":16041695,"citedcorpusid":13300938,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Adding inorganic elements to scaffolds could significantly improve bioactivity of materials, which has been confi rmed in bioglass, glass-ceramic, and bioceramics containing CaO, SiO 2 and Mg in previous studies (Zreiqat et al., 2002; Wu and Chang, 2007; Abed and Moreau, 2007; Park et al., 2010).","In view of the effect of these silicate based materials on promoting cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, akermanite (Ca 2 MgSi 2 O 7 ) ceramics were synthesized and used as scaffold for research in bone regeneration (Wu and Chang, 2007).","Akermanite (Ca 2 MgSi 2 O 7 ) as a novel bioceramic containing Ca, Mg and Si ions, has relatively more controllable degradation rate and mechanical properties such as fracture toughness, bending strength and Young’s modulus (Kokubo et al., 1991; Wu and Chang, 2007).","69 www.ecmjournal.org\nAkermanite (Ca 2 MgSi 2 O 7 ) as a novel bioceramic containing Ca, Mg and Si ions, has relatively more controllable degradation rate and mechanical properties such as fracture toughness, bending strength and Young’s modulus (Kokubo et al., 1991; Wu and Chang, 2007).","In view of the effect of these silicate based materials on promoting cell\nproliferation and osteogenic differentiation, akermanite (Ca 2 MgSi 2 O 7 ) ceramics were synthesized and used as scaffold for research in bone regeneration (Wu and Chang, 2007)."],"intents":[["result"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1126489979,"citingcorpusid":149914812,"citedcorpusid":144992905,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["What started as a “Park Watch” turned into a national uprising against the AKP government’s commodification of urban space via urban transformation projects, which were implemented to the detriment of the traditional communitarian bonds that symbolized the mahalle (neighborhood) culture of the urban setting and reflected its increasingly authoritarian rule signified by direct intervention in people’s lifestyles (Butler, 2014b; Dikeç, 2017; Farro & Demirhisar, 2014; Kaynak, 2014; Koç & Aksu, 2015; Kuyumlu, 2013; Özel, 2014; Özkaynak, Aydιn, Ertör-Akyazι & Ertör, 2015; Tuğal, 2013; Yörük & Yüksel, 2014).","It was part of a broader government project that “aimed to radically transform one of the most iconic urban centers in Turkey: Taksim Square” (Kuyumlu, 2013, p. 275), which had long been the center of protests and contentious action in the country.","…reflected its increasingly authoritarian rule signified by direct intervention in people’s lifestyles (Butler, 2014b; Dikeç, 2017; Farro & Demirhisar, 2014; Kaynak, 2014; Koç & Aksu, 2015; Kuyumlu, 2013; Özel, 2014; Özkaynak, Aydιn, Ertör-Akyazι & Ertör, 2015; Tuğal, 2013; Yörük & Yüksel, 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":1870090121,"citingcorpusid":17358503,"citedcorpusid":14168742,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Xue et al. proposed a Dynamic Secure Group Sharing Framework (DSGSF) [22] for public cloud computing with improved tree based TGDH protocol [10]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2549795659,"citingcorpusid":150658106,"citedcorpusid":154029147,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Variables: Quantifying the Data\nBecause this analysis is an exploratory study, the development of variables and\ncodes was a fluid process that constantly evolved throughout the data collection (Huberman & Miles, 1994; Levin-Rozalis, 2004; Singleton Jr. & Straits, 1999).","Crosstabulations are an efficient means to uncovering points of convergence and discontinuity in my sample, indeed laying a foundation for starting my qualitative case analysis (Huberman & Miles, 1994; Lieberson, 1992; W. Olson, 2004; Ragin, 1987).","Rather, it was as the data were being collected, preliminary characteristics or patterns emerged that enabled me to ask questions and change my strategy as I went, a necessary stage (i.e., “data display”, “data reduction”, etc.) of qualitative case analysis (Huberman & Miles, 1994, p. 429).","Advised by Huberman and Miles (1994), this was a constant cyclical process of four stages the authors refer to as data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusions and verification.","However, to minimize any threats to the data that subjectivity posed, a high degree of intercoder reliability was achieved in terms of source triangulation and researcher triangulation (Berg, 2004; Huberman & Miles, 1994)68.","This will be a tedious process of constant cross-case comparing and contrasting, the bedrock of qualitative case analysis, where I will be uncovering themes related to the process of joining that cut across all cases (or likewise, do not) (Huberman & Miles, 1994; Olsen, 2004; Rihoux, 2006).","To minimize the potential threats to the integrity of the data and later findings, we used a wide array of sources and achieved a high degree of intercoder reliability (i.e., source and researcher triangulation) (Berg, 2004; Huberman & Miles, 1994).","55\nrelated to my analytical tools (biographical availability and social networks), but any life history data that appeared to be of possible relevance (Huberman & Miles, 1994; Stake, 1994).","…of preliminary patterns and the development of new quantifiable variables, also referred to as the conclusion drawing/verification stage (albeit preliminary) (e.g., type of recruitment, length of recruitment, military experience, parental involvement) (Huberman & Miles, 1994; Stake, 1994).","More specifically, I intend to take the narratives made for each indictee and create more organized biographies of their lives providing more of a beginning, middle, and end so to speak of their path to becoming involved with their respective RWT organization (Huberman & Miles, 1994).","For lack of better words, “qualitative designs are not copyable, off-theshelf patterns, but normally have to be custom-built, revised, and ‘choreographed’” (as cited in Huberman & Miles, 1994, p. 431).","The beginning of my “data collection” stage was guided by some measures developed in SM, NRM, and terrorism studies (e.g., age at recruitment, prior extremist/terrorist group membership), however many variables were not yet created (Huberman & Miles, 1994; Stake, 1994).","As briefly stated earlier, one of the biggest strengths of my data is the high degree of intercoder reliability or investigator triangulation (Berg, 2004; Huberman & Miles, 1994; Singleton Jr. & Straits, 1999)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":30915784,"citingcorpusid":21561439,"citedcorpusid":10971946,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1524241954,"citingcorpusid":103252717,"citedcorpusid":16495281,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…between proteins and flavonoids could lead to fluorescence quenching or eliciting (Dufour and Dangles 2005; Fu et al. 2012; Gutzeit et al. 2004; Liu et al. 2010), it seems that lower protein content in methanolic solutions of chestnut honey caused former effect, which subsequently led to…","Taking into account reports that interaction between proteins and flavonoids could lead to fluorescence quenching or eliciting (Dufour and Dangles 2005; Fu et al. 2012; Gutzeit et al. 2004; Liu et al. 2010), it seems that lower protein content in methanolic solutions of chestnut honey caused former effect, which subsequently led to increased fluorescence intensity."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2285593989,"citingcorpusid":99528635,"citedcorpusid":10971946,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For NO3 we use other simulations and models: we do the exact same fit with the input and output data from either Bellouin et al. (2011) or Hauglustaine et al.","For NO3 we use other simulations and models: we do the exact same fit with the input and output data from either Bellouin et al. (2011) or Hauglustaine et al. (2014). In the latter case, ΓNO3 is set to zero because climate does not vary in the available simulations."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3331403810,"citingcorpusid":233387776,"citedcorpusid":17405754,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The narrative descriptions portrayed the findings according to the contextual situations reported in the papers, and allowed us to compare situations across cases, highlighting similarities and differences [37], [38].","We used inductive coding and qualitative cross-case analysis [37], [38], [39] for data synthesis."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1975470922,"citingcorpusid":55271609,"citedcorpusid":10971946,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This means that they may be overestimating the climate responses to removal of SO2 emissions, since reducing SO4 would increase the potential amount of ammonium nitrate aerosol formation, counteracting some of the effects of the reduced SO4 aerosol (West et al., 1999; Bellouin et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1706600298,"citingcorpusid":205422791,"citedcorpusid":4422490,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Adding noise improved, for instance, the ability of paddle fish to detect prey (Russell et al., 1999), somtosensation (Collins et al.","Adding noise improved, for instance, the ability of paddle fish to detect prey (Russell et al., 1999), somtosensation (Collins et al., 1996), and the speed of memory retrieval (Usher & Feingold, 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":856741888,"citingcorpusid":6189900,"citedcorpusid":33465454,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":4088428248,"citingcorpusid":257837975,"citedcorpusid":35183632,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Cells affected by 827171 may not decrease in viability but they may be arrested in S phase and therefore be slowed in the proliferation assay, as we investigated below (Wang et al., 2009; Yan et al., 2011).","may interfere with the ability of cells to exit from S phase (Wang et al., 2009; Yan et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3287924912,"citingcorpusid":216351849,"citedcorpusid":59155745,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Dry matter content increased with the increasing of Vermicompost levels (Kmeťová et al., 2013; Agrawal et al., 2017)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2992255236,"citingcorpusid":222065629,"citedcorpusid":144888266,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(Smith, 1978, as quoted in Faith, 1988a, pp. 12)\n17\nWomen, fortunately, are recording their heritage and women scholars are stressing the need to \"publish\" the everyday achievements and experiences of women (Treicher, Kramarae & Stafford, 1985).","Feminist epistemology has been explored and delineated (Minnich, O'Barr & Rosenfeld, 1988; Belenky et al. 1986; Spender, 1981; Smith, 1978), as have principles for feminist, and nonsexist research (Tomm, 1989; Eichler, 1987; Warren, 1987; Martin, 1986)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1709571636,"citingcorpusid":154649288,"citedcorpusid":168209644,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, some writers state that labeling is not sufficient for respecting autonomy (see for example Siipi and Uusitalo 2008), whereas others claim that the requirement of labeling is actually overridden by values that are more important than respecting autonomy in the GMF context (Markie 2007).","19 For to some extent analogous discussions concerning labeling see Markie (2007) and MacDonald and Whellams (2007).\nimportant than respecting consumers’ autonomous choice in the GMF context, food producers, processors, wholesalers, retailers, and public authorities do not have a duty to provide…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":83988074,"citingcorpusid":27705219,"citedcorpusid":8038032,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We provide an algorithm referred as Algorithm 1 described in [4] to predict the real-time state with portable devices so as to balance the system efficiency over mobile environments.","Previous research discusses this problem in detail [4]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":917811043,"citingcorpusid":2020386,"citedcorpusid":2697921,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The fly stocks used in this study include w; P[Act y GAL4]25 P[UAS-GFPS65T] (Ito et al., 1997); bi-GAL4, ap-GAL4 (Calleja et al., 1996); 30A-GAL4 (Brand and Perrimon, 1993); UAS-ey (Halder et al., 1995); UAS-hh (Stringini and Cohen, 1997); UAS-HA-ciCELL, UAS-ciFL, UAS-ciPKA (Methot and Basler, 1999, 2000); UAS-dpp (Staehling-Hampton and Hoffman, 1994); UAS-brk (Jazwinska et al., 1999); y w hsFLP122 (Struhl and Basler, 1993); dpp-lacZ (Blackman et al., 1991); hh-lacZ (P30) (Lee et al., 1992); ptc-lacZ (Hidalgo, 1994); and hh1 and ey2 (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992).","The fly stocks used in this study include w; P[Act y GAL4]25 P[UAS-GFPS65T] (Ito et al., 1997); bi-GAL4, ap-GAL4 (Calleja et al., 1996); 30A-GAL4 (Brand and Perrimon, 1993); UAS-ey (Halder et al., 1995); UAS-hh (Stringini and Cohen, 1997); UAS-HA-ciCELL, UAS-ciFL, UAS-ciPKA (Methot and Basler,…","To generate random “flp-out” clones (Ito et al., 1997), P[Act y GAL4]25 P[UAS-GFPS65T] and y w hs-FLP122 were combined with the UAS transgene(s) and the necessary lacZ reporter.","…only in the posterior compartment and the A/P border\nRandomly located clones expressing the UAS-ey transgene (induced using the “flp-out” system of Ito et al. (1997), and abbreviated throughout the text as “clonal” expression or as Act ey because the GAL4 expression is driven by an Actin…"],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3699040193,"citingcorpusid":115956644,"citedcorpusid":5846317,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["All high-throughput quantum Monte Carlo calculations were performed using the CASINO software package[6], and density functional theory calculations were performed using Quantum ESPRESSO (QE)[5] with norm-conserving pseudopotentials (NCPP) for all structures and energy consistent pseudopotentials (ECPP)[77] for a few select structures.","Calculation/ Software Method DFT PWSCF/NCPP[5] (FNCPP), CRYSTAL/ECPP[79] QMC CASINO[6] Phonons VASP-Phonopy[78] Workflow Custom scripts","QE[5]/NCPP, CASINO[6] and VASP[7]/PAW[8] indicate the software used in the calculation and the pseudopotential used."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":969433771,"citingcorpusid":18921218,"citedcorpusid":2856443,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Ets-1 antibody (4-123) was kindly provided by Dr James Hagman (National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO) and the GABP antisera was generously provided by Dr Tom Brown (Pfizer, Groton, CT).","We have previously shown that the EBS-RRE at position –212 is the only Ets site required to mediate the oncogenic Ras and dominant-active Raf responses of the proximal rPRL promoter (30)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":969433220,"citingcorpusid":18921218,"citedcorpusid":28001250,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The Ets-1 antibody (4-123) was kindly provided by Dr James Hagman (National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO) and the GABP antisera was generously provided by Dr Tom Brown (Pfizer, Groton, CT).","The BTE binds both Ets-1 and GABP\nThe region of the proximal rPRL promoter centered at –96 has been implicated in regulating basal promoter activity (16,32,33) and in mediating multiple hormone and growth factor responses, including TRH, cAMP, insulin, IGF-1, EGF, FGF-2 and FGF-4 (14,15,17,20,28,31).","The region of the proximal rPRL promoter centered at –96 has been implicated in regulating basal promoter activity (16,32,33) and in mediating multiple hormone and growth factor responses, including TRH, cAMP, insulin, IGF-1, EGF, FGF-2 and FGF-4 (14,15,17,20,28,31).","The more proximal EBS centered at –96 co-localizes with a previously identified basal transcription element (BTE) (16), which is a target of several growth factor pathways, including FGF-2 and -4 (14), epidermal growth factor (EGF) (17), insulin (18,19), insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (20) and TRH (15)."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":969433702,"citingcorpusid":18921218,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Subsequently, GABPα, an Ets family member, was shown to bind to the BTE and was implicated in mediating the insulin response of the rPRL promoter (19).","These data are consistent with previous functional studies that have implicated Ets-1 as the sole Ets family member capable of mediating the Ras response via the EBS-RRE (13), and that have suggested that GABP is the nuclear effector of the insulin response via the BTE (19).","Recombinant Ets proteins GA binding protein α (GABPα), Elk-1 and SAP-1 can bind to the BTE in vitro (18,19); however, transfected GABPα and its partner, the ankyrin repeat protein GABPβ, block the insulin response (19).","It has previously been demonstrated that recombinant GABP can bind to the BTE probe (19); however, the binding of GABP to the EBS-RRE probe and the binding of Ets-1 to either probe has not been shown.","The more proximal EBS centered at –96 co-localizes with a previously identified basal transcription element (BTE) (16), which is a target of several growth factor pathways, including FGF-2 and -4 (14), epidermal growth factor (EGF) (17), insulin (18,19), insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (20) and TRH (15).","The Ets-1 antibody (4-123) was kindly provided by Dr James Hagman (National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO) and the GABP antisera was generously provided by Dr Tom Brown (Pfizer, Groton, CT)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2597015176,"citingcorpusid":86595246,"citedcorpusid":31185753,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":139687273,"citingcorpusid":10507423,"citedcorpusid":10463076,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Rats were placed in a T-maze to perform a guessing task (biascorrected two choice gambling test of Garner et al., 2003).","Response latencies typically followed a log-normal distribution, and accordingly were logged before being averaged for each individual, following previous publications using this task (e.g. (Garner et.al 2003).","Initial data processing was performed automatically by the gambling task software (Garner et.al 2003; Garner et.al 2011)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1661850125,"citingcorpusid":207090225,"citedcorpusid":10463076,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":973117964,"citingcorpusid":64763117,"citedcorpusid":2315372,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["La visión computacional surgió con la idea de conectar una cámara de video a un computador, para que las imágenes capturadas fueran manipuladas y ası́ obtener una representación simbólica de los objetos presentes en las escenas analizadas [8]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":553240107,"citingcorpusid":54820121,"citedcorpusid":15826414,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["construct personal applications using lightweight service composition techniques such as mashup [10, 11, 13]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":572164765,"citingcorpusid":55823625,"citedcorpusid":119822143,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["5, d’une identité de transformation due à Andrews [1, 2] entre une somme simple très bien équilibrée et une somme multiple, qui est le q-analogue du Théorème 8 de [11].","23) sont des q-analogues de certaines briques élémentaires et spéciales de [11].","La méthode employée a conduit à des versions quantitatives [6, 11, 16, 18], jusqu’à l’article récent de Zudilin [22] dans lequel il est prouvé qu’ au moins l’un des nombres ζ(5), ζ(7), ζ(9), ζ(11) est irrationnel.","Or les auteurs de [11] démontrent la conjecture des dénominateurs formulée dans [17], ce qui a pour conséquence le fait qu’au moins l’un des nombres ζ(5), ζ(7), ."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":3409408308,"citingcorpusid":236944697,"citedcorpusid":20747046,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The border of APA is defined by the CYP11B2 immunohistochemistry.","(B) CYP11B2 and CD45 im unohistochemistry staining.","(B) CYP11B2 and CD45 immunohistochemistry staining.","Consistent with our findings, a previous study demonstrated that fenofibrate, a PPARα agonist, increased angiotensin II-independent CYP11B2 mRNA expression and aldosterone production in human adrenocortical carcinoma H295R cells, whereas a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist either had no effect or reduced aldosterone secretion [55].","Furthermore, NAPDH is critical for two steps in steroidogenesis pathways in the adrenal gland: (1) the rate-limiting step for the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone catalyzed by CYP11A1 and (2) the conversion of deoxycorticosterone to aldosterone catalyzed by CYP11B2 [51,52].","The border of PA is defined by the CYP11B2 i unohistochemistry."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":849721346,"citingcorpusid":4407690,"citedcorpusid":30058606,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These attacks can poison the trained model, but can be prevented by careful curation of the training data [12] and by using data encryption techniques to safeguard the original training data."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3709812545,"citingcorpusid":51922522,"citedcorpusid":58416327,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The maximum error depends on the required accuracy of the calculation, and the logic computing architecture.[39] The results indicate that different logic operations are differently tolerant to Vset variations, thus providing a guideline about how to select some functions instead of others to minimize computing errors."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3532733764,"citingcorpusid":238646286,"citedcorpusid":129443668,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The first 30 days of the period are considered for analysis of storage dynamics as water during this period mainly derives from storage and is influenced by land use characteristics [14].","Recession analysis is a well-established method to examine storage–discharge relationships of catchments offering the advantage of being relatively insensitive to meteorological forcing during selected periods [14].","Recession analysis is a powerful tool to assess dynamics of storage–discharge relationships with temporal and spatial differences [13,14]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2386213827,"citingcorpusid":10262365,"citedcorpusid":7290217,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, the use of the Cockcroft-Gault equation for calculation of CLCR has been criticized, especially when it is (mis)-used as a substitute for the GFR in the Calvert equation.(11) Nevertheless, we decided to include this method in the estimation of CLCR in adults because it is still widely used in clinical practice."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1063279884,"citingcorpusid":124643407,"citedcorpusid":2747558,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["4 Application à l’identification Au cours des dix dernières années, de nombreux algorithmes basés sur les SOE ont été proposés dans la littérature pour l’identification des modèles RIF [1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12].","En utilisant la formule (15), une stratégie d’estimation récursive des coefficients d’un modèle RIF basée sur l’utilisation des cumulants d’ordre quatre peut être proposée :\n1) Initialisation : Estimation des cumulants d’ordres deux et quatre utilisés par la méthode d’identification, à partir d’un bloc de données.","Soit fy.n/g la sortie d’un filtre RIF (h.i/ D 0 si i 62 [0; Q]) :\ny.n/ D QX\niD0 h.i/w.n Ä i/C v.n/ (20)\noù fw.n/g est un processus stochastique scalaire, stationnaire, centré, non-Gaussien, à valeurs indépendantes et identiquement distribuées (i.i.d.) et de kurtosis (ç4w defD C4w.0; 0; 0/) non nul ; fv.n/g est une séquence de bruit additif Gaussien indépendante de fw.n/g ; h.i/ (i D 0; : : : ; Q) sont les coefficients inconnus de la réponse impulsionnelle (r.i.) du système.","Cette formule est ensuite utilisée dans le cadre de l’identification de modèles paramétriques de type Réponse Impulsionnelle Finie (RIF).","4.1 Algorithme C(Q,k) [10] L’algorithme C(Q,k) proposé par Giannakis [10] est une solution explicite pour l’estimation des coefficients de la r.i. d’un processus RIF.","Cette formule est ensuite utilisée dans le cadre de l’identification de modèles paramétriques de type Réponse Impulsionnelle Finie (RIF), et\nD. Dembélé est actuellement à l’Institut Français du Pétrole, 1 et 4, Avenue de Bois Préau, Division Gisements, RF40, 92852 Ruel-Malmaison cedex, France ; Doulaye.Dembele@ifp.fr\nune version moindres carrés de l’algorithme C(Q,k), basée sur cette formule, est proposée dans le d’ 4.","La relation (21) est à la base de plusieurs méthodes d’identification de modèle RIF [10, 5, 7].","Puis nous avons proposé une stratégie générale pour l’identification de modèle RIF basée sur l’utilisation de cette formule."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":4058795999,"citingcorpusid":252282022,"citedcorpusid":122842835,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We rely on a common likelihood decomposition (Farcomeni & Tardella, 2012; Sanathanan, 1972), according to which 𝐿(𝑁, 𝜃) ∝ 𝐿𝑐(𝜃)𝐿𝑟(𝑁, 𝜃), with\n𝐿𝑐(𝜃) ∝ 𝑛∏ 𝑖=1 ∏ 𝑗 𝑝𝑖𝑗(𝜃) 𝑋𝑖𝑗 (1 − 𝑝𝑖𝑗(𝜃)) 1−𝑋𝑖𝑗∕(1 − 𝑝0(𝜃))\n(the conditional likelihood) and\n𝐿𝑟(𝑁, 𝜃) ∝ (1 − 𝑝0(𝜃))…"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":934675035,"citingcorpusid":26650247,"citedcorpusid":78376582,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This concern has also been raised in regard to the diagnostic thresholds, more specifically, that with each edition of the DSM, there is an increasing pathologizing of normal problems in living (Cosgrove & Caplan, 2004; Horwitz, 2002; Houts, 2002; Kutchins & Kirk, 1997).",", & Houts, A. C. (1996). Models of scientific progress and"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2266411836,"citingcorpusid":54865409,"citedcorpusid":14999037,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These findings are concordant with the findings of Kac G et al.,( Kac et al., 2000)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":3811252703,"citingcorpusid":86059896,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and only several species among them described by silver impregated methods (Kahl, 1932; Bullington, 1940; Villeneuve-Brachon, 1940; Yagiu, 1944; Bock, 1955; Fauré-Fremiet, 1958; Dragesco, 1960; Burkovsky, 1970; Hartwig, 1973; Dragesco and Dragesco-Kernéis, 1986; Carey, 1992; Foissner, 1995;…","Since being established the genus Condylostoma, more than 30 species have been described and only several species among them described by silver impregated methods (Kahl, 1932; Bullington, 1940; Villeneuve-Brachon, 1940; Yagiu, 1944; Bock, 1955; Fauré-Fremiet, 1958; Dragesco, 1960; Burkovsky, 1970; Hartwig, 1973; Dragesco and Dragesco-Kernéis, 1986; Carey, 1992; Foissner, 1995; Petz et al., 1995; Al-Rasheid, 1999; Foissner et al., 1999; Song et al., 2003; Shao et al., 2006; Chen et al., 2007)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3317590334,"citingcorpusid":122376498,"citedcorpusid":126133429,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In the following analysis, we will use data from a new DNS, but also data from former simulations of Rayleigh–Bénard convection, for Pr = 0.71 in the turbulent regime, and those for Pr= 0.006 in the turbulent but mainly conductive regime by Wörner (1994).","Simulations of Rayleigh–Bénard convection are performed with the TURBIT code (Grötzbach 1987; Wörner 1994).","Simulations of Rayleigh–Bénard convection are performed with the TURBIT code (Grötzbach 1987; Wörner 1994).","This periodic domain was selected according to numerical studies for low-Prandtl-number Rayleigh–Bénard convection by Wörner (1994)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1634914627,"citingcorpusid":27678808,"citedcorpusid":56592124,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(2) to Ey and Ez, respectively) are evaluated using the average permittivity avg of the cell [11]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2850380,"citingcorpusid":6278832,"citedcorpusid":14229129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…demonstrates that a form of exocytic neurotransmitter release, commonly called gliotransmission (Bezzi and Volterra, 2001; Zhang and Haydon, 2005; Theodosis et al., 2008), also takes place from a specific type of nonnerve cell, the astrocytes of the brain (Volterra and\nMeldolesi, 2005; Haydon…","However, substantial evidence accumulated during the last 15 yr demonstrates that a form of exocytic neurotransmitter release, commonly called gliotransmission (Bezzi and Volterra, 2001; Zhang and Haydon, 2005; Theodosis et al., 2008), also takes place from a specific type of nonnerve cell, the astrocytes of the brain (Volterra and Meldolesi, 2005; Haydon and Carmignoto, 2006; Hamilton and"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":117699745,"citingcorpusid":15188043,"citedcorpusid":8624527,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Task-efficient modifications of the endpoint arm impedance along with endpoint force fluctuations in humans are shown to have high correlations with the patterns of activations in involved muscles [1, 6-8].","existence of a separate mechanism for incorporation of the inverse dynamic models (for the joint torque modifications) and impedance control, while interacting with environments with uncertainties and stochastic disturbances [6].","Concentrating on human arm and tasks requiring dynamics variation or being exposed to mechanical disturbances, the contact reliability can be explained by considering a stable mechanical interface between human arm endpoint and the environment [1, 6-8, 21].","This exclusive feature enables the human arm to perform versatile and stable movements while interacting with environments with uncertainties and stochastic disturbances [6]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2682385582,"citingcorpusid":17053679,"citedcorpusid":14268837,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["During the years which followed the birth of this measure, it has been better appreciated that measuring the randomness of a system is not sufficient to understand all the aspects linked to systems’ complexity [9].","The terminology is the same used by the Santa Fe approach (see [9]) and [10]).","“Complexity” itself has been used in the wrong way by many authors, who wanted to bescribe properties which have nothing to do with complexity theory [9].","“Since that time though it has become better appreciated that measuring the randomness and unpredictability of a system fails to adequately capture the correlational structure in its behavior” [9]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2786951631,"citingcorpusid":219769943,"citedcorpusid":88520185,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In this paper, we improve upon the required sample complexity identified in [30] to O(N logN) for the restricted strong convexity of (2) in a sufficiently wide neighborhood around the solution set that is guaranteed to include the initial spectral estimate.","In contrast, [30] establishes the restricted strong convexity of the objective function (2) around the solution set at O(N log N) sample complexity for the Gaussian sampling model, with spectral initialization proven to fall within the strongly convex region with high probability.","This is a logN factor less than the sample complexity reported in [30].","When coupled with the result in [30], [26] guarantees the exact recovery of a low rank-r matrix deterministically via restricted strong convexity with a properly set step-size that relates to the spectra of the ground truth."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":152372913,"citingcorpusid":15646592,"citedcorpusid":15678837,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Interestingly, recent comparative genomics studies have shown these two processes to be inversely correlated (Kopelman et al. 2005; Su et al. 2006).","Moreover, analysis of human and mouse genomes has revealed that the number of isoforms is inversely correlated with the size of the gene families and that single-copy genes typically have a higher level of alternative splicing (Kopelman et al. 2005; Su et al. 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2952757089,"citingcorpusid":133121108,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The temporal evolution from calc-alkaline to shoshonitic magmatism has been interpreted as a possible consequence of changes in the Benioff zone geometry and in the rate of subduction (Barberi et al., 1973; 1974; 1977; Villari, 1980; Beccaluva et al., 1981; Keller, 1982)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1672189135,"citingcorpusid":1951743,"citedcorpusid":205387464,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Previous studies suggested that leukemogenic/tumorigenic cells were restricted to a rare population of tumor cells expressing certain CSC markers [35,36].","Cell surface markers have been widely used to distinguish CSCs from non-CSCs and most of the previous studies suggested that CSCs were restricted to a rare population of tumor cells [35,36].","In contrast to the previous reports that CSC(2) cells had no or limited ability of proliferation and hence did not initiate tumor growth [35,36], we showed that CSC(2) cells exhibited similar proliferation or sustainability as CSC cells when both subsets were co-cultured in vitro or co-transplanted into the animals according to their original ratios.","In contrast to the previous reports from conventional xenotransplantation assays (transplanting CSC and CSC(2) cells separately), where CSC(2) cells were shown to have no or limited proliferative capacity [1,35,36], we found no significant differences in proliferation and apoptosis between the two subsets in the native state.","The CSC model posits that the initiation of tumor formation is driven by CSCs while the non-CSCs, which compose the bulk of cells in a tumor, have no or limited capacity for initiation of tumor formation [1,35,36]."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["result"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1811416041,"citingcorpusid":212409535,"citedcorpusid":14764047,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Machine Learning and Data Mining techniques can be applied to the shop floor to gain insights and accurately predict outcomes to support decision-making and help organizations improve their operations and competitiveness [1, 2].","Productivity, performance and product quality are determined by the conditions of machines, manufacturing processes and manufacturing decision making [1, 2]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1086250857,"citingcorpusid":130856020,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Coconut plantations also provide supplementary income to fishers (Suraswadi 1998).","Coconut plantations also provide supplementary income to fishers (Suraswadi 1998). iii."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3056471178,"citingcorpusid":222337363,"citedcorpusid":129456916,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Case histories have always been crucial to safe and effective ground engineering (see e.g. Charles, 2008) and go hand in hand with sound theory and calculations."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":895706098,"citingcorpusid":54728196,"citedcorpusid":38123578,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many factors in the post-dispersal process alter recruitment after the arrival of the seeds [32], and this represents one of the most complex phases of seed dispersal."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1515342188,"citingcorpusid":126159533,"citedcorpusid":121908010,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similar results were reported in previous studies too (Kim and Baik 2005; Miao et al. 2009; Pandey et al. 2012)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
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{"citationid":234120719,"citingcorpusid":1125158,"citedcorpusid":31504214,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The PAMP flg22 is a ligand of the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase FLS2 (Gómez-Gómez and Boller, 2000; Zipfel et al., 2004; Chinchilla et al., 2006).","A genetic screen in Arabidopsis thaliana using flg22 identified the Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase FLS2, which binds flg22 (for review, see Chinchilla et al., 2006).","The PAMP flg22 is a ligand of the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase FLS2 (Gómez-Gómez and Boller, 2000; Zipfel et al., 2004; Chinchilla et al., 2006).","Upon binding of the ligand, FLS2 is internalized by a receptor-mediated endocytic process that presumably has regulatory functions (Jones and Dangl, 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":3764243803,"citingcorpusid":242777829,"citedcorpusid":19022091,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Thirdly, we provide a categorisation of concrete and commercially available maintainability metrics based on the five sub-characteristics of maintainability defined by ISO 25010 [3].","The ISO 25010 [3] family of standards and more specifically the ISO 25023 [6] standard provides several quantitative measures for the assessment of the five sub-characteristics of maintainability: modularity, reusability, analysability, modifiability and testability.","In contrast to existing literature, such as [5], we provide the first categorisation of available metrics based on the sub-characteristics of maintainability defined by ISO 25010 [3] and the measures for each of these","We also conducted a systematic literature review to categorise available metrics to measure each of the five subcharacteristics of maintainability, as defined by ISO 25010 and ISO 25023 [3], [6].","ALA was shown to qualitatively improve various maintainability sub-characteristics [3] in a small student-driven case study developed in a commercial setting."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["result"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":886704460,"citingcorpusid":52270625,"citedcorpusid":31504214,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["FLS2 recognizes the microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) flg22, a peptide component of the bacterial flagellin [56,67]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4083947452,"citingcorpusid":236946589,"citedcorpusid":22422476,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Research on the structure of sorghum protein bodies shows that both c- and b-kafirins cover the more digestible\na-kafirins in a disulfide bond polymer network that shields the a-kafirins from exposure to proteases (Shull, Watterson, and Kirleis 1992).","Amino acid analysis indicates that all three types of kafirins contain low amounts of lysine, an essential amino acid in the human diet. b-Kafirins and c-kafirins are high in cysteine, and d-kafirins are fairly high in methionine, another essential amino acid (Shull, Watterson, and Kirleis 1992)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3907873433,"citingcorpusid":201646185,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To impose the experimental constraints on the neutrino mass and mixing, we make use of the Casas-Ibarra parametrisation [34]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2424675623,"citingcorpusid":137337847,"citedcorpusid":15453288,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In consequence, colloidal QDs are a highly attractive luminescent material for the use in thin film light emitting devices [1]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3187630219,"citingcorpusid":227230938,"citedcorpusid":125640,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Contrarily, cortical structures are involved in the OKR system in primates (Fuchs and Mustari, 1993; Kawano, 1999; Takemura et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1176550025,"citingcorpusid":173988661,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The roofs are made of wood and have a triangular shape (Catulo, 2015).","In the event of a seismic situation the “frontal” walls are the main structural elements dissipative of energy (Simões and Bento, 2012; Catulo, 2015).","The exterior walls are built of rubble stone masonry with air lime mortar and have high thickness (Catulo, 2015).","3.1.4 External walls, stairs and roof\nThe exterior walls are built of rubble stone masonry with air lime mortar and have high thickness (Catulo, 2015).","The stairwell is formed by “frontal” walls (Catulo, 2015)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":531190122,"citingcorpusid":53639494,"citedcorpusid":156982950,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Aldrich and Ruef, 2006), the theme offered highly interesting and challenging opportunities for students. Related to the theme, the following chapters present analyses of the emergence and evolution of hybrid cars, laser eye surgery, and payday loan industries with differing interesting theoretical and practical insights. First, the study by Heiskanen et al. (2012) focuses on hybrid electric cars industry within the US with an aim to identify the stage of the HEV industry life cycle and provide insights of the firm success factors in the industry. By applying industry life-cycle (ILC) theory, their findings imply that the development of entry rates, firm density, sales volumes, prices, and innovativeness behave as the ILC theory predicts. In contrast, the results also suggest that exit rates do not behave as expected. In the light of the ILC theory, they suggest that the HEV industry is in its emergent phase. The study also identifies that early entrance and innovativeness are key factors for firm survival. Second, Nieminen et al. (2012) study the refractive laser eye surgery equipment industry in the United States.","Aldrich and Ruef, 2006), the theme offered highly interesting and challenging opportunities for students. Related to the theme, the following chapters present analyses of the emergence and evolution of hybrid cars, laser eye surgery, and payday loan industries with differing interesting theoretical and practical insights. First, the study by Heiskanen et al. (2012) focuses on hybrid electric cars industry within the US with an aim to identify the stage of the HEV industry life cycle and provide insights of the firm success factors in the industry. By applying industry life-cycle (ILC) theory, their findings imply that the development of entry rates, firm density, sales volumes, prices, and innovativeness behave as the ILC theory predicts. In contrast, the results also suggest that exit rates do not behave as expected. In the light of the ILC theory, they suggest that the HEV industry is in its emergent phase. The study also identifies that early entrance and innovativeness are key factors for firm survival. Second, Nieminen et al. (2012) study the refractive laser eye surgery equipment industry in the United States. They test the propositions of firm survival central to the industry life-cycle literature, i.e. the effects of entry timing, preentry experience and innovativeness on firm survival. Moreover, they analyze the shift from product to process R&D predicted by the theory. They find that preentry experience and innovativeness improve the probability of firm survival, while early entry does not bring about such an advantage. Moreover, they find that instead of a clear shift from product to process R&D there are cyclical trends. Third, Hiirsalmi et al. (2012) present a study with a focus on legitimacy of a payday loan industry in Finland.","Aldrich and Ruef, 2006), the theme offered highly interesting and challenging opportunities for students. Related to the theme, the following chapters present analyses of the emergence and evolution of hybrid cars, laser eye surgery, and payday loan industries with differing interesting theoretical and practical insights. First, the study by Heiskanen et al. (2012) focuses on hybrid electric cars industry within the US with an aim to identify the stage of the HEV industry life cycle and provide insights of the firm success factors in the industry.","Considering that earlier research has offered limited answers to these highly important questions (e.g. Aldrich and Ruef, 2006), the theme offered highly interesting and challenging opportunities for students."],"intents":[["result"],null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3670436836,"citingcorpusid":246422787,"citedcorpusid":24256786,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The nurses included in our study showed a level of state anxiety that was 90% higher than that of the general population [48]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2004522612,"citingcorpusid":147706122,"citedcorpusid":15262420,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Other two groups of Bnc1-regulated genes including outer dense fiber of sperm tails 1 (Odf1), testis-specific serine kinase 6 (Tssk6), four and a half LIM domains 5 (Fhl5), glyceraldehyde3-phosphate dehydrogenase, spermatogenic (Gapdhs), serpin family A member 5 (Serpina5), and H1 histone family, member N, testis-specific (H1fnt) were associated with sperm motility and morphology (Figure 2C) (Lardenois et al., 2009; Li et al., 2011; Margaryan et al., 2015; Nair et al., 2008; Uhrin et al., 2000; Yang et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1995668407,"citingcorpusid":147348725,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["I was actively involved with this – you can read further about how this happened in Hujić (2010), accompanied with original footage/films on www.thefirsttoknow.info (Visual Library, click the link ‘Sarajevo’ as represented by Trio’s image included in this paper).","An alternative anti-war movement formed to help promote Sarajevo’s cosmopolitan cause (see Hujić, 1996, 2010).","Instead, I will introduce the notion of ‘cool’, an identity framework that I developed elsewhere (Hujić, 2010), drawing upon a diversity of disciplines – cultural studies, in particular – and, notably, the works of Thornton (1995), Gladwell (2000) and Leland (2004).","Instead, I will introduce the notion of ‘cool’, an identity framework that I developed elsewhere (Hujić, 2010), drawing upon a"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":527066872,"citingcorpusid":53360628,"citedcorpusid":130138207,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["S.U. Noé (personal communication, 1998) reports karstification and other erosional features at the top of the Tansill, and Melim and Scholle (1989) report that Capitanian strata underwent significant subaerial alteration between the end of Guadalupian carbonate sedimentation and the onlap of…","By the beginning of Ochoan time the reef and shelf were probably emergent (Oriel et al. 1967; Melim and Scholle 1989; S.U. Noé, personal communication 1998)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2129467606,"citingcorpusid":53723032,"citedcorpusid":22124137,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Strain may be more pronounced during advanced stages of dementia due to challenges of managing pain, dyspnea (14,15) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (16), inadequate access to palliative care (17–19) and burdensome interventions (14,20) that exact a toll on caregivers (21,22).","Prognosticating death in patients with dementia is well-known to be difficult, with a disease trajectory less predictable than for other conditions (14,46,47)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":125776359,"citingcorpusid":10497848,"citedcorpusid":44521365,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In previous studies, PMA alone also did not elicit histamine release in RBL-2H3 cells [11], and caused a few amount of histamine release in RMPCs [12, 13]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2673759894,"citingcorpusid":18018034,"citedcorpusid":944344,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the next section, we briefly review prior research investigating attentional orienting to set the scene for comparing and contrasting such orienting effects with those evoked by gaze cues.","People with schizophrenia tend to misattribute actions of others to themselves, whereas normal participants are proficient at telling the difference between their gloved hand performing an action on a TV screen and the experimenter’s gloved hand performing the same action (Daprati et al., 1997)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2737365658,"citingcorpusid":210352978,"citedcorpusid":944344,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similar experiments have been performed comparing normals with schizophrenics in order to study the tendency of (mis-) attribution of movements to self and to other ( Daprati et al. 1997 )."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":939315041,"citingcorpusid":26402996,"citedcorpusid":944344,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…lead to an abnormal sense of agency in positive schizotypy (Asai & Tanno, 2007a, 2008) and in schizophrenic patients exhibiting passivity phenomena (Daprati et al., 1997; Franck et al., 2001) because the abnormal dynamic model would predict abnormal movement in people with schizotypal traits, as…","Two studies reported that when required to make judgments about the origin of actions based upon biased feedback, people with schizophrenia were more likely than normal controls to judge that they had originated the action (Daprati et al., 1997; Franck et al., 2001).","As for the association with the computational model of motor control (Miall & Wolpert, 1996; Wolpert, 1997), our study shows that schizotypal personality traits are associated with the abnormal dynamic forward model, which can lead to an abnormal sense of agency in positive schizotypy (Asai & Tanno, 2007a, 2008) and in schizophrenic patients exhibiting passivity phenomena (Daprati et al., 1997; Franck et al., 2001) because the abnormal dynamic model would predict abnormal movement in people with schizotypal traits, as was found here."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":296882765,"citingcorpusid":17252777,"citedcorpusid":40052838,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, decades of fire suppression have resulted in substantial fuel buildup in Southern woodlands, which contribute to an increased likelihood of wildland fire (Fowler and Konopik, 2007; Monroe, 2002).","of fire suppression have resulted in substantial fuel buildup in Southern woodlands, which contribute to an increased likelihood of wildland fire (Fowler and Konopik, 2007; Monroe, 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1767713219,"citingcorpusid":32532245,"citedcorpusid":144922054,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Also, Saribas, Teksoz, and Ertepinar (2014) have examined the level of preservice elementary teachers' knowledge and selfefficacy beliefs.","The results of the study indicated that the participants did not have sufficient environmental knowledge or self-efficacy beliefs related to environmental education, although their environmental attitude, concern and perception of environmental issues were relatively high (Saribas et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":3376787788,"citingcorpusid":225705219,"citedcorpusid":217531719,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Scholars have therefore called for more research, discussions and debates on the ethical bases, systems and presuppositions pertaining to mindfulness (Brazier, 2013; Hyde & LaPrad, 2015; Keng et al., 2011; Samuel, 2015; Sharf, 2015; Tan, 2020).","Brazier (2013) alerts us to ‘the contemporary condition of Western thinking and culture, which is increasingly focused on finding technical solutions to utilitarian problems and also on seeking comfort and stress-reduction' (p. 117).","On the cognitive dimension, Brazier (2013) observes that mindfulness refers to a 'set of techniques in which one gives deliberate sustained attention to presently occurring","On the cognitive dimension, Brazier (2013) observes that mindfulness refers to a 'set of techniques in which one gives deliberate sustained attention to presently occurring ambient, somatic or subjective phenomena’ (p. 117).","ethical bases, systems and presuppositions pertaining to mindfulness (Brazier, 2013; Hyde & LaPrad, 2015; Keng et al., 2011; Samuel, 2015; Sharf, 2015; Tan, 2020).","Brazier (2013) alerts us to ‘the contemporary condition of Western thinking and culture, which is increasingly focused on finding technical solutions to utilitarian problems and also on seeking","Brazier (2013) highlights a trend of turning to mindfulness to resolve practical issues while neglecting ‘questions of wider purpose and meaning’ (p. 117).","Brazier (2013) highlights a trend of turning to mindfulness to resolve practical issues while neglecting ‘questions of wider purpose and meaning’ (p."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3485021047,"citingcorpusid":213362465,"citedcorpusid":217531719,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…experience and attitudes of non-judgement and onto (1) the remembering of the existential, spiritual and moral purposes of mindfulness practices (Brazier, 2002, 2013) and (2) a form of ethical discernment that promotes an explicit morality of kindness, gratitude and compassion towards oneself…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2838396532,"citingcorpusid":17383082,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In cotton, larvae of cotton\nbudworm fed on transformed tissues exhibited a reduction in weight, but the lectin did not result in larval mortality (Satyendra et al. 1998)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2838396213,"citingcorpusid":17383082,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The potential of plant expressed antibodies or antibody fragments to serve as insect control agents against nematodes, pathogens and viruses has also been described (Atkinson, 1993; van Engelen et al. 1994; Rosso et al. 1996)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2116095512,"citingcorpusid":154562183,"citedcorpusid":156036297,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The main focus of public sector reform was to train the civil servants so that they could face the challenges arising from the expansion of government functions, rising public expectations and growing demand for development administration (Trezzini 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3821212759,"citingcorpusid":250038468,"citedcorpusid":37798329,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Over recent decades, various types of cardiac regeneration strategies have been tested to improve cardiac function (Menasché et al., 2008; Menasche, 2009; Ptaszek et al., 2012; Zimmet et al., 2012; Kawamura et al., 2012; Eschenhagen et al., 2017).","Over recent decades, various types of cardiac regeneration strategies have been tested to improve cardiac function (Menasché et al., 2008; Menasche, 2009; Ptaszek et al., 2012; Zimmet et al., 2012; Kawamura et al., 2012; Eschenhagen et al., 2017)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2501500812,"citingcorpusid":19353218,"citedcorpusid":12215418,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…(Paterson and Darnall, 2009), substance P (Del Fiacco et al., 1984; Halliday et al., 1988a; RikardBell et al., 1990) , galanin (Blessing and Gai, 1997), neurokinin A and B (Covenas et al., 2003), met-enkephalin (Covenas et al., 2004), and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (Duncan et al., 2008).","Neurokinin (Covenas et al., 2003) and met-enkephalin (Covenas et al., 2004) immunoreactivities have been shown in the human Pr.","There are also neurokinin (Covenas et al., 2003), bombesin (Lynn et al., 1996) thyrosine hydroxylase (Counhian et al., 1998), met-enkephalin (Covenas et al., 2004) and thyrosine hydroxylase (Benarroch et al., 2009) immunoreactive cell bodies, and substance P, pituitary adenylatecyclase-activating…","Human IOD contains a high density of met-enkephaline-immunoreactive fibers (Covenas et al., 2004).","In the human 10N, cells containing adrenomedullin (Macchi et al., 2006), met-enkephalin (Covenas et al., 2004), neurokinin (Covenas et al., 2003), and bombesin (Lynn et al., 1996) have been found.","Met-enkephalin immunoreactive neurons have been shown in the human Tz (Covenas et al., 2004).","Metenkephalin (Covenas et al., 2004), adrenomedullin (Macchi et al., 2006), serotonin (Paterson et al., 2009), bombesin (Lynn et al., 1996), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) (Del Fiacco et al., 2002), and thyrosine hydroxylase (Arango et al., 1988, Saper et al., 1991)…","…substance P (Smith et al., 2002), bombesin (Lynn et al., 1996), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) (Del Fiacco et al., 2002), met-enkephalin (Covenas et al., 2004), neurokinin (Covenas et al., 2003), and parathyroid hormone receptor 2 (PTH2R) (Bago et al., 2009) immunoreactivities.","We followed the nomenclature of Covenas et al. (2004) for naming the components of the cerebral peduncle (cp), as corticospinal fibers (csp) and corticobulbar fibers (cbu) in our diagrams."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2501501242,"citingcorpusid":19353218,"citedcorpusid":13105894,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["On the other hand, the human adult Amb contains serotonin-immunoreactive fibers (Halliday et al., 1990) and the human fetal Amb contains high concentrations of somatostatin receptors (Carpentier et al., 1996a, 1996b).","Both Sp5O and Sp5I are reported to contain significant numbers of somatostatin receptors as revealed by somatostatinbinding sites (Carpentier et al., 1996).","High concentration of somatostatin-binding sites in the area also indicates presence of somatostatin receptors in the LC (Carpentier et al., 1996a, 1996b).","…evidence revealed angiotensin II type 1 receptors in the human LC (Benarroch and Schmeichel, 1998) and somatostatin in the fetal human LC (Carpentier et al., 1996a, 1996b), while the differential decrease in the density of somatostatin-binding sites observed in the fetal LC during…","Several chemoarchitectonic studies demonstrated a high concentration of receptors for somatostatin (Carpentier et al., 1996a, 1996b), nicotinic acetylcholine (Duncan et al., 2008), serotonin (Paterson and Darnall, 2009), cannabinoid (Glass et al., 1997), D2 and D4 dopamine (Hyde et al., 1996), and…","Distribution of somatostatin binding revealed that both MVe and SpVe contain numerous somatostatin receptors (Carpentier et al., 1996).","Somatostatin receptors are also found in PB (Carpentier et al., 1996a, 1996b)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":859899933,"citingcorpusid":671869,"citedcorpusid":60034746,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A comparison of the theoretical predictions with the not so comprehensive set of measured data available, summarised in the textbook [18], emphasises the still notable distance of the separation point from the trailing edge for not too large (but experimentally and practically feasible) values of the Reynolds number Re2 := 2Re (as usual in experiments, formed with the diameter rather than the radius of the cylinder)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2073658849,"citingcorpusid":182365553,"citedcorpusid":141439656,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Yamashita (2004) found that L1 and L2 reading attitudes are related and they can facilitate extensive L2 reading.","In the realm of L2 reading attitude, Day and Bamford (1998), Camiciottoli (2001), and Yamashita (2004) studied the L2 reading attitude."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3935271349,"citingcorpusid":226671695,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["PWR 16 × 16 (CE) nuclear fuel has been also used worldwide and reported to represent 13% of the SNF inventory in the United States as of 2013 [27].","A few types of SNF including PWR 15 × 15 (B&W and WH), 16 × 16 (CE), and 17 × 17 (WH) can be stored in a HI-STORM 100 DSS, and it was reported that 750 units of multi-purpose canisters (MPCs) of the HI-STORM 100 have been used in the United States accounting for the highest percent (36%) among the total 2073 units of DSSs in use as of 2016 [27]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1595998856,"citingcorpusid":13181136,"citedcorpusid":1212258,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Coxsackievirus B (CVB) is associated with more severe clinical diseases than is coxsackievirus A. Acute CVB infection can cause diseases that range from mild (rash, myalgia, flu-like illness) to severe (aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis) [ , , , , ,"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1097597822,"citingcorpusid":135326270,"citedcorpusid":42353979,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In vitro MEAs are devices that consist of a planar array of electrodes numbering from 8 – 256 that record the extracellular potentials from local neuronal somas or axon initial segments (Taketani and Baudry 2003; Martinoia and Massobrio 2004; Martinoia, Massobrio et al. 2004).","This feature, the socalled„sealingresistance‟willeffecthowstronglylocalcellsareactivatedbyagivenstimulusas well as how an electrical field will spread from the source (Martinoia and Massobrio 2004; Martinoia, Massobrio et al. 2004).","This feature, the socalled‎„sealing‎resistance‟‎will‎effect‎how‎strongly‎local‎cells‎are‎activated‎by‎a‎given‎stimulus‎as‎ well as how an electrical field will spread from the source (Martinoia and Massobrio 2004; Martinoia, Massobrio et al. 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2528970388,"citingcorpusid":72353989,"citedcorpusid":10491445,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Observations of the potential benefit of statins for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients are elucidated from in vitro data which suggest that statins may inhibit HCV RNA replication [6, 7].","The decreased availability of lipid rafts for replication seems to be a plausible explanation for at least some of the anti–HCV properties of statins [7, 8]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3790133269,"citingcorpusid":249655057,"citedcorpusid":233293664,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Nguyen et al. (2021) consider systematic research on flood risk and make several proposals for flood risk management."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3609333163,"citingcorpusid":240233438,"citedcorpusid":12849354,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Kass, M.; Witkin, A.; Terzopoulos, D. Snakes: Active contour models.","Xu, C.; Prince, J.L. Snakes, Shapes, and Gradient Vector Flow.","A parametric deformable model that is derived from snakes [32], which is called th gradient v ctor flow (GVF) [34], is exploited to address this issue.","Thanks to its simplicity and popularity, the parametric active contour (also known as Snakes) [32], which has been broadly applied in image segmentation and object tracking, is exploited.","A parametric deformable model that is derived from snakes [32], which is called the gradient vector flow (GVF) [34], is exploited to address this issue."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3269279817,"citingcorpusid":118905120,"citedcorpusid":14201769,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, SED fitting is able to break thisdegeneracy if sufficient bands are included around the (redshifted) 4000Å break (see for example Pozzetti & Mannucci 2000, for EROs, using the RJK bands)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":872177154,"citingcorpusid":5624740,"citedcorpusid":34334626,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Importantly, individuals appear to differ with regard to susceptibility to O3 [11-13]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1529708049,"citingcorpusid":131895847,"citedcorpusid":127014033,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…throughout the early Holocene diverse subsistence strategies with a strong focus in plants and to a lesser extent in small/medium-sized mammals (e.g., deer, guinea pig among others) (Aceituno et al. 2013; Aceituno and Loaiza 2015; Borrero 2015; Cárdenas 2002; Delgado et al. 2015a,b; Delgado 2015).","…Buenos Aires, República Argentina\ntechnofunctional and bioarchaeological analyses suggest that several groups relying on C3 resources and with distinct lithic traditions persisted and coexisted over this time span (Aceituno and Rojas 2015; Delgado 2015; Delgado et al. 2015a,b; Nieuwenhuis 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3912986685,"citingcorpusid":236859481,"citedcorpusid":95873899,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Carbazole (C12NH9) (here denoted as Cz) and its benzeno-derivatives (C16NH11) correspond to the rigid skeleton of aromatic hydrocarbons where the one double C=C bond is replaced by N-H [2].","67 eV [2] and calculated by taking the difference of total energies for the neutral molecule and the positive ion was found to be 8.","For benzocarbazole isomers the values of IPv are in good agreement with measuered and calculated [2] values for BaCz 7."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":1439238377,"citingcorpusid":17636895,"citedcorpusid":86351869,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["One idea is to morph between the two heads using the standard feature based metamorphosis algorithm[1] extended to 3D[13].","One idea for compensating for the di erent geometries automatically is to extend a 2D morphing algorithm[1] into 3D[13]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3992269372,"citingcorpusid":254098250,"citedcorpusid":40993983,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…withN- (Gowda and Davidson, 1999; Cova et al., 2015; GoddardBorger and Boddey, 2018; Goerdeler et al., 2021; Fenollar et al., 2022) andO-glycans (Dieckmann-Schuppert et al., 1993; Bandini et al., 2019), single fucose (Lopaticki et al., 2017) or mannose (López-Gutiérrez et al., 2019; Srivastava…",", 2022) andO-glycans (Dieckmann-Schuppert et al., 1993; Bandini et al., 2019), single fucose (Lopaticki et al."],"intents":[null,null]}
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{"citationid":1626978061,"citingcorpusid":134371835,"citedcorpusid":123477857,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["by Taylor (1935). In (2.6), √ u′2 is the root mean square of the turbulent velocity fluctuations, is the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, L is the integral length scale, which is considered to be representative of the largest eddies in the flow, while C is a constant. As reported by Vassilicos (2015), there has been considerable support for the fact that C is a constant through both direct numerical simulations (DNS) and experiments.","Similar results were obtained using DNSs by Sreenivasan (1998) and Kaneda et al. (2003), who implemented a large-scale forcing in their simulations.","Sreenivasan (1998) further verified the constant character of C for Reλ ≥ 100, while Kaneda et al. (2003) showed that C remains constant for Reλ up to 1200."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":151222757,"citingcorpusid":41859340,"citedcorpusid":3141167,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["And, it also stimulates angiogenesis.(41) It has shown that HBOT has anti-inflammatory properties and also decreases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a, IL-1, IL-6, and IFN-g in several animal studies."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":406767499,"citingcorpusid":21694349,"citedcorpusid":126613411,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…limited by the condition of similarity and design theories, the verification of similarity was always a difficult point in domestic and overseas studies (Mamisao, 1952; Chery, 1965; Grace and Eagleson, 1965; Zhou Wende, 1969; Zhu Xian, 1957; Jiang et al., 1994; Yuan et\nal., 2000; Shi et al., 1997)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3207802594,"citingcorpusid":229304449,"citedcorpusid":179534064,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(Grosfoguel, 2006, pp. 27-29) (Quijano, 2000)\nDesde esta perspectiva, planteo que corresponde analizar cuál fue el papel de las relaciones de colonialidad del poder, al otro lado de la Historia, no únicamente tras el fin del colonialismo como fenómeno político suscrito a una administración…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2239851143,"citingcorpusid":143726332,"citedcorpusid":141114011,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Latino participants may have reacted essentially as members of the particular subgroup of Latinos targeted in the stereotype comedy apart from any individual tendencies or characteristics that may otherwise differentiate them (Serino, 1998; Tajfel & Turner, 1979).","Indeed collective identity perceptions depend largely upon how an in-group member situates one’s self in opposition to other groups and also how other group members perceive the individual (Avila-Saavedra, 2011; Deschamps & Devos, 1998; Serino, 1998; Tajfel & Turner, 1979).","Maintaining a positive social identity for a given group member can be difficult because of dominant groups’ in-group favoritism (Hewstone & Giles, 1986; Tajfel & Turner, 1979, 1986; Worchel, Iuzzini, Coutant, & Ivaldi, 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1888023403,"citingcorpusid":212750264,"citedcorpusid":29574787,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The military population most frequently studied, in descending order, was the army with n = 48 (54%) [2,6,7,21–24,29–32,34,35,37–40,43–48,50–53,56–62,66,70–73,76,77,82,84,88,89], followed by veterans n = 18 (20%) [20,90–106], navy n = 8 (9%) [28,42,64,65,68,79,80,83], air force n = 8 (9%) [8,36,41,49,54,55,81,87], and National Guard n = 2 (2%) [85,86], and five (6%) studies included a combination of different military populations [25,63,74,75,78].","1973 [87] Cross sectional South Africa Air Force Air Force 51","Africa included studies from Cameroon (n = 1, 1%) [75], and South Africa (n = 1, 1%) [87]."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3865203587,"citingcorpusid":241273749,"citedcorpusid":43882543,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["metabolism, and host defences against pathogens [2, 10, 11]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1030338281,"citingcorpusid":64003509,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In order to define all the remaining features of the model we refer mainly to the assumptions (Hi) provided by [17].","In the Analytical methodology the travel time is evaluated starting from, a rectangular in terms of time of the AS/RS [15-21]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4058491933,"citingcorpusid":29839567,"citedcorpusid":26310544,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is reported that vitamin D is essential for full gonadal function in both sexes and they that it plays a role in estrogen biosynthesis partially by maintaining extracellular calcium homeostasis ( Kinuta et al., 2000 ).","It is reported that vitamin D is essential for full gonadal function ( Kinuta et al., 2000 )."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2530020284,"citingcorpusid":118541401,"citedcorpusid":120577123,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["According to [ 21 , 26] the anomalous dimension cusp(g 2 , ϑ) for large ϑ has an all order asymptotic behaviour cusp(g 2 , ϑ) = ϑ cusp(a) + O(1).","The idea of making use of this limit and the corresponding modified renormalisation group (RG) equation ` la [ 21 ] has been developed and applied to the hexagon by Georgiou in [22].","on this observation in [ 21 ], by suitable differentiation with respect to Mandelstam variables and backward integration, a modified RG equation has been derived for Wilson loops for non-intersecting null polygons."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1640710889,"citingcorpusid":153921458,"citedcorpusid":60630749,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The suspension of judgment was critical in the phenomenological investigation for the researcher to see the experience for itself (Merriam, 1998).","As such, the researcher’s background and conceptualization of the study, is essential to the design, development and analysis of data in any qualitative research study (Denzin & Lincoln, 1998; Merriam, 1998; Patton, 1990; Silverman, 2000).","This would allow the researcher to more easily engage in Epoche, the setting aside of predilections and predispositions (Moustakas, 1994).","Criterion-based selection – method employed to choose participants according to a particular list of attributes essential to a study (Erlandson, Harris, Skipper, & Allen, 1993; Merriam, 1998).","The quality of this study was ensured through the development of an audit trail\n(Erlandson, et al., 1993; Merriam, 1998; Silverman, 2000).","As a research methodology, it emphasizes experience and interpretation (Denzin & Lincoln, 1998; Holstein & Gubrium, 1998; Merriam, 1998; Patton, 1990).","From the Epoche, we are challenged to create new ideas, new feelings, new awarenesses, and understandings” (Moustakas, p. 86).","The quality of this study was ensured through the development of an audit trail (Erlandson, et al., 1993; Merriam, 1998; Silverman, 2000).","56\nThe Researcher’s Story .............................................................................................. 57 Methodology and Methods ........................................................................................ 61\nAssumptions of Phenomenology ................................................................... 62 Methods of Phenomenology .......................................................................... 64\nEpoche................................................................................................","Furthermore, a criterion-based selection method was employed: participants were chosen according to a particular list of attributes essential to the study (Erlandson, et al., 1993; Merriam, 1998).","Epoche\nEpoche is the “process of setting aside predilections, prejudices, and predispositions, and\nallowing [experiences] to enter anew into consciousness, and to look and see them again, as if for the first time” (Moustakas, 1994, p. 85).","Merriam (1998) commented, “Qualitative research draws from a philosophy of phenomenology in its emphasis on experience and interpretation, but a researcher could also do a phenomenological study using the particular ‘tools’ of phenomenology” (p. 15).","Each researcher brings a theoretical framework to a study, designs a study based on that framework in conjunction with the research question, and constructs a study based on the aforementioned considerations (Denzin & Lincoln, 1998; Merriam, 1998; Patton, 1990; Silverman, 2000).","This knowledge was selfquestioned and challenged when collecting and interpreting data to follow the technique of phenomenological study known as Epoche (Merriam, 1998; Moustakas, 1994).","Epoche is a difficult task that requires the researcher to “allow a phenomenon or experience to be just what it is and to come to know it as it presents itself . . .","Phenomenology, as a research methodology, emphasizes experience and interpretation (Denzin & Lincoln; 1998; Holstein & Gubrium, 1998; Merriam, 1998; Patton, 1990).","Criterion-based selection – method employed to choose participants according to a\nparticular list of attributes essential to a study (Erlandson, Harris, Skipper, & Allen, 1993; Merriam, 1998).","Epoche is the process a “researcher engages in to remove, or at least become aware of prejudices, viewpoints, or assumptions regarding the phenomenon under investigation” (Katz as cited in Merriam, 1998, p. 158).","Epoche – the process a “researcher engages in to remove, or at least become aware of\nprejudices, viewpoints, or assumptions regarding [a] phenomenon under investigation” (Katz as cited in Merriam, 1998, p. 158).","Methods of Phenomenology\nPhenomenological research facilitates the derivation of knowledge through Epoche,\nReduction, and Imaginative Variation (Moustakas, 1994)."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],null,["methodology"],null,["methodology"],null,["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],null,null,["methodology"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":225496599,"citingcorpusid":3388274,"citedcorpusid":28275750,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several groups [16–20] have reported CE-indirect and CE-direct CL detections for CAs by use of several CL reaction systems, including luminol–H2O2–Co(II) [16], luminol–H2O2–Cu(II) [17], luminol-K3Fe(CN)6 [18], luminol–KIO4 [19], and luminol–H2O2– horseradish peroxidase (HRP) [20].","Analyte This work Luminol–H2O2–Co(II) [16] Luminol–H2O2–Cu(II) [17] Luminol–K3Fe(CN)6 [18] Luminol–K3Fe(CN)6 [19] H2O2–HRP [20]"],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":304253163,"citingcorpusid":12411743,"citedcorpusid":15923211,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Alternatively, higher-order kernels could likely be used with a method as in Chernozhukov et al. (2009), who in the parametric quantile regression model use Bernoulli random variables and MCMC simulation."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":586443265,"citingcorpusid":55489159,"citedcorpusid":143994158,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Research oriented towards geography education integrates proportional reasoning in map-related tasks where, however, scale is studied solely as a method of establishing correspondence between space and its representations (Leinhardt et al 1998)."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2372222351,"citingcorpusid":161855849,"citedcorpusid":29281946,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(7) sostuvieron que existen dos formas una quística y una sólida.","Dentro de este contexto los casos reportados corresponden a combinaciones de TOQC con ameloblastoma (5), TOC con fibroma ameloblástico (4), TOQC con fibroodontoma ameloblástico (7-9), TOQC con odontoma complejo (1012), TOQC con tumor odontogénico adenomatoide (2) TOQC con ameloblastoma y tumor odontogénico adenomatoide (6) y tumor odontogénico adenomatoide con tumor odontogénico epitelial calcificante (13)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":621202937,"citingcorpusid":7978823,"citedcorpusid":54951924,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":206570994,"citingcorpusid":12489484,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This model consists a MOS transistor extracted from BSIM 3V3, a parasitic bipolar transistor modeled by VerilogA, a substrate resistance and series resistance [9-12]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2216721126,"citingcorpusid":21416898,"citedcorpusid":7437004,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2436550477,"citingcorpusid":136887903,"citedcorpusid":98782802,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1625314157,"citingcorpusid":12397749,"citedcorpusid":122138746,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The present convective parameterization falls within the QE framework first introduced by  Arakawa and Schubert (1974) , which states that convection should be in a state of statistical equilibrium with the large-scale flow.","The present convective parameterization falls within the QE framework first introduced by Arakawa and Schubert (1974), which states that convection should be in a state of statistical equilibrium with the large-scale flow."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2635228379,"citingcorpusid":32951593,"citedcorpusid":23739840,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Death of rapidly proliferating ICM is presumably a consequence of frequent missegregation [56–63].","Because inactivation of one copy of Mad2, Mad1, CENPE, Bub1, BubR1, Bub3 or Rae1 decreases protein expression, without compromising embryonic development (heterozygotes are born at a normal Mendelian ratio and lack overt developmental defects, except for a mild hematopoietic defect in BubR1+/− animals [56,58,60–62,65–67]), they afford an opportunity to examine the effects on tumorigenesis of a subtly comprised checkpoint response.","In contrast, heterozygous deletion of BubR1, Bub1, Bub3 and Rae1 and double deletion of Bub3+/− Rae1 +/− does not lead to increased malignancy (relative to wild type) in animals up to 15–20 months of age (Table 1 and Figure 1) [56,57,60,62]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":436892690,"citingcorpusid":1758452,"citedcorpusid":8118391,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Anaphylactoid reactions have been described in both pediatric and adult patients treated with ciprofloxacin; some of these patients developed hypotension and respiratory distress and required hospitalization.(5,6) Purpuric skin lesions with local venospasm in a pediatric patient receiving intravenous ciprofloxacin has been reported,(7) as has acute encephalopathy."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3678973426,"citingcorpusid":244666638,"citedcorpusid":210443735,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Organizational justice theory also has been applied to identifying the value of public relations and relationship management for internal publics (Kang & Sung, 2019; Kim, 2007).","Employee engagement has been widely considered in public relations research to be an important outcome of high-quality relations between an organization and its employees (Kang & Sung, 2017, 2019; Karanges et al., 2015; Lemon, 2019).","Accordingly, public relations scholars have studied the importance of justice in identifying the value of internal communication and its impacts on employee outcomes, such as engagement or the quality of employee-organization relationships (Kang & Sung, 2019; Kim, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":793194258,"citingcorpusid":16125921,"citedcorpusid":23739840,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":56143080,"citingcorpusid":14428024,"citedcorpusid":5132220,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several strategies have been proposed to make bundle adjustment a practically feasible method, such as using sparse bundle adjustment [3, 6], hierarchical bundle adjustment [7], incremental bundle adjustment [8] that tunes parameters after every new frame arrives, spectral partitioning approach [9] for dividing large problem into smaller sub-problems, real time bundle adjustment [10], relative camera motion instead of absolute positions [11], probabilistic approach [12], etc."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3378647100,"citingcorpusid":235748230,"citedcorpusid":16517051,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["c.505T > A/.622C > T p.T169R/ p.R208W\nJapanese ALS 80y + Brisk Present Normal Izumi et al., 2018\nc.283dupC p.L95Pfs*29 Hispanic Juvenile ALS 5y + Brisk Present Normal Watanabe et al., 2016\nc.304G > C p.E102Q Saudi Juvenile ALS 1–2y + Brisk N/A Normal Al-Saif et al., 2011\n*c.58T > C 3′-UTR Korean Sporadic ALS 55y + N/A N/A N/A Kim et al., 2014\n*31A > G 3’-UTR Pakistani Juvenile ALS 30–36yrs + Brisk N/A Normal Ullah et al., 2015\nc.412G > A p.E138K Italian HMN 10—18y + Brisk N/A Mild cerebral atrophy Previtali et al., 2019\nc.247T > C/c.545T > C p.F83L/p.L182P German/ French\nHMN 34y + Brisk Present Normal Ma et al., 2020\nc.412G > C p.E138Q Italian HMN 9–12y + Brisk Present Normal Gregianin et al., 2016)\nc.448G > A p.E150K Italian HMN Infancy + Brisk Present Normal Gregianin et al., 2016\nc.238C > T p.Q80* Omani dHMN 1–11y + Brisk Present Normal Nandhagopal et al., 2018\nc.500A > T p.N167I Jordanian dHMN 6–10y + Brisk Present Normal Christodoulou et al., 2000\nc.561_576del p.D188Pfs*69 Portuguese dHMN 4y + Absent N/A Normal Almendra et al., 2018\n*51G > T 3′-UTR Australian FTLD No info No info No info No info No info Luty et al., 2010; Belzil et al., 2013\n*26C > T 3′-UTR Australian FTLD No info No info No info No info No info Luty et al., 2010; Belzil et al., 2013\n*47G > A 3′-UTR Polish FTLD No info No info No info No info No info Luty et al., 2010; Belzil et al., 2013\nc.194T > A p.L65Q French/British Silver-like syndrome\n3y + Brisk Present Normal Horga et al., 2016\n“*” means 3’-UTR.\nat the age of 17 years.","…lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Tagashira et al., 2014b; Fukunaga et al., 2015), ALS with or without frontotemporal lobar degeneration (Luty et al., 2010; Ullah et al., 2015), juvenile ALS (Al-Saif et al., 2011; Watanabe et al., 2016), distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) (Li et al., 2015;…","…et al., 2011\n*c.58T > C 3′-UTR Korean Sporadic ALS 55y + N/A N/A N/A Kim et al., 2014\n*31A > G 3’-UTR Pakistani Juvenile ALS 30–36yrs + Brisk N/A Normal Ullah et al., 2015\nc.412G > A p.E138K Italian HMN 10—18y + Brisk N/A Mild cerebral atrophy Previtali et al., 2019\nc.247T > C/c.545T > C…"],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2317933781,"citingcorpusid":13781813,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["MTM is a security element and a newly approved TCG(Trusted Computing Group) specification for use in mobile and embedded devices[4][5]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":416943648,"citingcorpusid":11350539,"citedcorpusid":122643685,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["13 A comparison of the condition number of the mass matrix of the tetrahedral second order curlconforming element developed by the authors and other second order elements appeared in the literature [48], [49], is presented in Table 1.","It may be observed how the condition number in the case of the element developed by the authors is one order of magnitude lower that those of [48] and [49]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":416943751,"citingcorpusid":11350539,"citedcorpusid":121543861,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Brezzi et al [47]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":112669201,"citingcorpusid":15236110,"citedcorpusid":84207588,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":55351745,"citingcorpusid":28959455,"citedcorpusid":12142230,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Nsp11 possesses endoribonuclease activity and is known to target MAVS (49, 50).","Nsp11 overexpression also did not inhibit constitutively active IRF3, which was expected given that nsp11 is thought to act as an endoribonuclease to target the degradation of MAVS transcripts (49, 50).","Dongwan Yoo (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL) provided pnsp11, which encodes a FLAG-tagged nsp11 protein from the porcine respiratory virus (50), pMAVS, which encodes a FLAGtagged MAVS protein, IRF3CA, which encodes a FLAG-tagged constitutively active mutant IRF3.","The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) nsp11 protein is a known inhibitor of IFN-β activation via its ability to inhibit IRF3 and NF-κB (49, 50)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2778434643,"citingcorpusid":22790477,"citedcorpusid":30344031,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["rather than orally (Hood, 1972; Hood et al., 1978; Baxley et al., 1981).",", 1978; Baxley et al., 1981; Hood and Harrison, Birth Defects Research (Part B) 68:335–343 (2003) & 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.","Such findings are similar to those reported in previous studies of mice exposed to higher doses of arsenic alone (Hood, 1972; Hood and Bishop, 1972; Matsumoto, 1973; Beaudoin, 1974; Hood et al., 1978; Baxley et al., 1981; Morrissey and Mottet, 1983)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["result"]]}
{"citationid":2154122981,"citingcorpusid":58561222,"citedcorpusid":6191233,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ADAR1 can also directly compete with the RNA transport regulator STAU1 for 3’ UTR occupancy resulting in incomplete transcript suppression or translation (Jiang et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2016a)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2154123236,"citingcorpusid":58561222,"citedcorpusid":22064885,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ADAR-mediated deamination of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I), which is subsequently read as a guanosine (G), rewrites (editing in non-coding regions), recodes (editing in protein coding regions), and rewires (editing-induced changes in topology) transcripts (Tan et al., 2017; Zipeto et al., 2015).","While ADAR3 appears to inhibit ADAR2 editing within coding regions, ADAR1 edits primarily within double stranded RNA (dsRNA) loops formed by inverted primate-specific Alu repetitive elements (Jiang et al., 2017; Tan et al., 2017; Zipeto et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4094120178,"citingcorpusid":258063918,"citedcorpusid":3164012,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["When people are exposed to trauma, a longer duration of REM sleep episodes is associated with a lower likelihood of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (47, 48)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2221007944,"citingcorpusid":208153915,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Analysis of the bodily characteristics of the individuals featured found them to be thin / low in body fat and muscular, thus conforming to pervading sociocultural ideals for attractiveness (Flynn, Park, Morin, & Stana, 2015; Jankowski et al., 2014; Wasylkiw et al., 2009).","#Fitspiration posts perpetuate sociocultural appearance ideals that emphasis low body weight and visible muscle tone for both men and women (Flynn et al., 2015; Jankowski et al., 2014; Wasylkiw et al., 2009) through both images (e.","content, such as men’s magazines (Jankowski et al., 2014) and pro-muscularity websites","In both studies, we adopted a two-pronged, inductive-deductive approach to analysis (Jankowski et al., 2014).","…posts perpetuate sociocultural appearance ideals that emphasis low body weight and visible muscle tone for both men and women (Flynn et al., 2015; Jankowski et al., 2014; Wasylkiw et al., 2009) through both images (e.g., high representation of appearance ideal bodies) and text (e.g., messages…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3440353264,"citingcorpusid":231752304,"citedcorpusid":3164012,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2917126518,"citingcorpusid":221901002,"citedcorpusid":129122629,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[", 2001) and, for streamflow drought, the Standardized Streamflow Index (SSFI) (Modarres, 2007) and the percentile-based low-flow index by Cammalleri et al. (2017) can be used. 40 Some researchers have quantified drought by only considering the deficit aspect of drought, i.e., by computing the difference between an optimal water quantity and the actual quantity. Examples of deficit-based indicators include the Soil Moisture Deficit Index (SMDI) as well as the Evapotranspiration Deficit Index (ETDI) from Narasimhan and Srinivasan (2005) and the Soil Water Storage (SWS) from British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture (2015).",", 2001) and, for streamflow drought, the Standardized Streamflow Index (SSFI) (Modarres, 2007) and the percentile-based low-flow index by Cammalleri et al. (2017) can be used. 40 Some researchers have quantified drought by only considering the deficit aspect of drought, i.e., by computing the difference between an optimal water quantity and the actual quantity. Examples of deficit-based indicators include the Soil Moisture Deficit Index (SMDI) as well as the Evapotranspiration Deficit Index (ETDI) from Narasimhan and Srinivasan (2005) and the Soil Water Storage (SWS) from British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture (2015). A drawback of deficitbased drought hazard indicators is that they indicate strong drought events in arid and (semi)arid regions, even though the 45 vegetation in these regions is adapted to generally lower soil moisture (Cammalleri et al.","The SMDAI slightly modifies and simplifies the DSI introduced by Cammalleri et al. (2016). Another difference from Cammalleri et al. (2016), is that the SMDAI is computed globally using the output of WaterGAP, rather than just for Europe.","For the period 1981–2010, SMDAI is, averaged over all grid cells, 0.05 larger than DSI with according to Eq.","A comparison of psoil to p_DSI values as a function of (F(dsoil)) as presented in Table 1 is shown in Fig.","Sci., 21, 1337–1354, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1337-2021\ncompare SMDAI to DSI, compare QDAI to a standardized streamflow indicator (SSFI), and discuss the limitations of the study.","The relation between the anomaly component of SMDAI (i.e., psoil) and the non-exceedance probability of the soil moisture deficit (F (dsoil)) and the pertaining return periods, z scores and class names, according to Agnew (2000), as well as the anomaly component of DSI (p_DSI) are presented in Table 1.","Sci., 21, 1337–1354, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1337-2021\nFor very few grid cells, SMDAI is much larger than DSI, and there are some areas where DSI is slightly larger than SMDAI.","PDSI is a standardized index developed to quantify the cumulative deficit of moisture supply in the form of precipitation compared to demand in the form of potential evapotranspiration.","z-scores and class names, according to Agnew (2000) as well as the p-values by Cammalleri et al. (2016) (p_DSI).","The SMDAI slightly modifies and simplifies the DSI introduced by Cammalleri et al. (2016).","An anomaly-based soil moisture drought may, however, be unsuitable for indicating a drought hazard for 55 vegetation as, in areas with high soil moisture in most years, the low interannual variability and, thus, the standard deviation, would indicate a strong drought hazard in years with unusually low soil moisture values that are, nevertheless, still close to the optimal values and do not cause any water stress for the plants (Cammalleri et al., 2016).","S1 in the Supplement, and the slight differences between psoil and p_DSI, as well as DSI and SMDAI, computed with WaterGAP output for August 2003 at the global scale are presented in Fig.","We transferred the DSI concept to streamflow drought, creating an indicator that specifically quantifies the hazard that drought poses for water supply from rivers.","In this study, we could confirm the assumption made by Cammalleri et al. (2016) that the beta distribution function represents satisfactorily the distribution of dsoil , which is the same as that of the soil moisture itself.","A drawback of deficitbased drought hazard indicators is that they indicate strong drought events in arid and (semi)arid regions, even though the 45 vegetation in these regions is adapted to generally lower soil moisture (Cammalleri et al., 2016).","The SMDAI slightly modifies and simplifies the DSI introduced by Cammalleri et al. (2016). Another difference from Cammalleri et al.","DSI indicates soil moisture drought by combining the soil moisture deficit (compared to the situation in which plant evapotranspiration is not constrained by soil moisture availability) and the anomaly of the deficit, thus indicating rare events in which plants suffer from water stress.","Two notable attempts in identifying and bringing together both the anomaly and deficit aspects are the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) (Palmer, 1965) and the drought severity index (DSI) (Cammalleri et al., 2016).","Two notable attempts in identifying and bringing together both the anomaly and deficit aspects are the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) (Palmer, 1965) and the Drought Severity Index (DSI) (Cammalleri et al., 2016).",", 2001) and, for streamflow drought, the Standardized Streamflow Index (SSFI) (Modarres, 2007) and the percentile-based low-flow index by Cammalleri et al. (2017) can be used."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null,null,["methodology"],null,["background"],null,null,["background"],["background"],["methodology"],null,null,["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2698169690,"citingcorpusid":20778598,"citedcorpusid":29222337,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In mammals, the arrangement of the interwoven network of elastin and its relation to the capillaries provide the structural setting for the distending capacity of the alveolar wall, supplying the adequate support for the recoil of the lung as a unit (Gonçalves et al., 1995).","In the mammalian lung, the spatial organization of the elastic fibres (Gonçalves et al., 1995), and both the total elastin contents and the area occupied by the elastic fibres in the alveoli have already been determined (Gonçalves et al., 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3321087171,"citingcorpusid":233562378,"citedcorpusid":153618048,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["(Hirst and Linnarsson 2010: 37)\nThe South African and East Timorese commissions display a paradox often seen in TJ and politics more generally: Children are simultaneously included but excluded, supported but undermined, seen but not heard.","A consultant working with the commission did, with input from UNICEF, draft a manual on principles for children’s involvement in commission activities (Hirst and Linnarsson 2010).","We propose that counseling before, during, and after, the statement-taking process should enhance children’s participation (Hirst and Linnarsson 2010).19\nIn order for this design feature to function as the theory predicts, we expect a commission to (1) put in place the people and resources…"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3780857495,"citingcorpusid":24311988,"citedcorpusid":21416857,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["BBS is genetically heterogeneous, with four loci mapped to date which includes BBS1 (11q13) – commonest, BBS2 (16q22), BBS3 (3p13) and BBS4 (15q21) [3-6]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3555295103,"citingcorpusid":239275882,"citedcorpusid":2984348,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["α-glucosidase inhibitor로써 Deoxynojirimycin와 그 유사체들 은[8], gp160으로부터 gp41와 gp120으로의 절단 활성을 감소시 켜 정상적인 glycan processing을 저해함으로써 감염세포내에서 HIV 수용체의 형성을 방해한다.","T helper cell 표면에 위치 한 HIV 수용체인 gp41와 gp120은 lymphocytes 표면의 CD4 수용체에 결합하며, 이러한 상호작용을 통하여 거대하고 비기능 적인 막융합을 야기시켜 합포체를 형성한다[8,14].\nα-glucosidase inhibitor로써 Deoxynojirimycin와 그 유사체들 은[8], gp160으로부터 gp41와 gp120으로의 절단 활성을 감소시 켜 정상적인 glycan processing을 저해함으로써 감염세포내에서 HIV 수용체의 형성을 방해한다.","T helper cell 표면에 위치 한 HIV 수용체인 gp41와 gp120은 lymphocytes 표면의 CD4 수용체에 결합하며, 이러한 상호작용을 통하여 거대하고 비기능 적인 막융합을 야기시켜 합포체를 형성한다[8,14]."],"intents":[null,null,null]}
{"citationid":2381997528,"citingcorpusid":218789604,"citedcorpusid":31985702,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The data gathering of UASNs is still severely limited because of the acoustic channel communication characteristics [4]–[6].","To manage the scarce bandwidth and power resources, efficient control schemes are often necessary in UASNs [7].","In order to manage the resource scarcity of UASNs, [18] introduced an adaptive object tracking approach where sensor nodes transmit to the FC using random access in a centralized topology.","With increased human activity in the oceans, underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have recently drawn research attention as a promising technology to monitor and explore the oceans [3].","To manage the scarce bandwidth and power resources, efficient control schemes are often necessary in UASNs [7]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3430626313,"citingcorpusid":233605460,"citedcorpusid":158578977,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Corruption in Nigeria has been described as the second hindering factor to foreign investment and that it is fueled by the rentseeking posture of the country’s political class (Roy 2017).","hindering factor to foreign investment and that it is fueled by the rentseeking posture of the country’s political class (Roy 2017).","…Alemika, Sha, Obe, Ya’u & Adeniyi, 2015; Prusa 2017; Page, 2018a),the few studies that have examined the anti-corruption crusades of the administration of President Muhammadu Buhari have not sufficiently looked at the pitfalls of the administration’sstrategies (Roy 2017; Ocheje 2018).","pitfalls of the administration’sstrategies (Roy 2017; Ocheje 2018)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1689744077,"citingcorpusid":52127822,"citedcorpusid":17444994,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The transfer function is usually defined by the ratio of voltage and/or current spectra in different configurations [5-7].","During diagnostic tests, the transfer functions TF of the transformer windings are determined and on this basis, changes in the geometry of windings (winding deformations) are estimated, usually by multi-parameter analysis of complex circuit diagrams of windings [5-9]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":811849151,"citingcorpusid":15081185,"citedcorpusid":7350653,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Both the IUS and IUS-12 have exhibited excellent psychometric properties in previous research (Carleton et al., 2007; Dugas et al., 1998; Freeston et al., 1994; Khawaja & Yu, 2010; Norton, 2005)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1115687734,"citingcorpusid":141404516,"citedcorpusid":7350653,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Norton, P. J. (2005). A psychometric analysis of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale among four racial groups.","Norton, P. J. (2005). A psychometric analysis of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale among four racial groups. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19, 699-707. Penava, S. J., Otto, M. W., Maki, K. M., & Pollack, M. H. (1998). Rate of improvement during cognitive-behavioral group treatment for panic disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 665-673. Raudenbush, S., Bryk, A., & Congdon, R. (2006). HLM: Hierarchical linear and nonlinear modeling (Version 6.","Norton, P. J. (2005). A psychometric analysis of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale among four racial groups. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19, 699-707. Penava, S. J., Otto, M. W., Maki, K. M., & Pollack, M. H. (1998). Rate of improvement during cognitive-behavioral group treatment for panic disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 665-673. Raudenbush, S., Bryk, A., & Congdon, R. (2006). HLM: Hierarchical linear and nonlinear modeling (Version 6.06) [Computer software]. Lincolnwood, IL: SSI Scientific Software. Raudenbush, S., & Bryk, A. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (2nd ed.","Norton, P. J. (2005). A psychometric analysis of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale among four racial groups. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19, 699-707. Penava, S. J., Otto, M. W., Maki, K. M., & Pollack, M. H. (1998). Rate of improvement during cognitive-behavioral group treatment for panic disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 665-673. Raudenbush, S., Bryk, A., & Congdon, R. (2006). HLM: Hierarchical linear and nonlinear modeling (Version 6.06) [Computer software]. Lincolnwood, IL: SSI Scientific Software. Raudenbush, S., & Bryk, A. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Richards, A., & French, C. C. (1992). An anxiety-related bias in semantic activation when processing threat/neutral homographs.","Norton, P. J. (2005). A psychometric analysis of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale among four racial groups. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19, 699-707. Penava, S. J., Otto, M. W., Maki, K. M., & Pollack, M. H. (1998). Rate of improvement during cognitive-behavioral group treatment for panic disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 665-673. Raudenbush, S., Bryk, A., & Congdon, R. (2006). HLM: Hierarchical linear and nonlinear modeling (Version 6.06) [Computer software]. Lincolnwood, IL: SSI Scientific Software. Raudenbush, S., & Bryk, A. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Richards, A., & French, C. C. (1992). An anxiety-related bias in semantic activation when processing threat/neutral homographs. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 45, 503-525. Roelofs, J., Huibers, M., Peters, F., Arntz, A., & Van Os, J. (2008). Rumination and worrying as possible mediators in the relation between neuroticism and symptoms","Norton, P. J. (2005). A psychometric analysis of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale among four racial groups. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19, 699-707. Penava, S. J., Otto, M. W., Maki, K. M., & Pollack, M. H. (1998). Rate of improvement during cognitive-behavioral group treatment for panic disorder."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":138530453,"citingcorpusid":40001076,"citedcorpusid":38894431,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Dissemination of these techniques could explain the low rates of urinary incontinence in community-based analyses, including 2-year outcomes reported in the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study (PCOS) and the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE)"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3162048120,"citingcorpusid":226967035,"citedcorpusid":126924292,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Discovery!","Poster presented at the American Association of Petroleum Geologists Annual Meeting, Search and Discovery Article #30330 (2014).","American Association of Petroleum Geologists [Search & Discovery Article No. 30322].","Search and Discovery Article #80482.","(1966), Beydoun (1987), Alsharhan and Nairn (1997), the book Discovery (Stegner 2007) and accounts from geologists this author worked with in Aramco from 1973 to 1981.","This summary of exploration in Saudi Arabia is extracted from Powers et al. (1966), Beydoun (1987), Alsharhan and Nairn (1997), the book Discovery (Stegner 2007) and accounts from geologists this author worked with in Aramco from 1973 to 1981."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1511574602,"citingcorpusid":20190744,"citedcorpusid":37325985,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Vtg production in the liver is generally under the control of the ER pathway in fish (Ishibashi et al. 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3965472149,"citingcorpusid":253097724,"citedcorpusid":3144218,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Graph Neural Networks (GNN) [Hamilton et al., 2017, Kipf and Welling, 2017] have become de facto models for representation learning on graph-structured data."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1726048213,"citingcorpusid":209444414,"citedcorpusid":13507310,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["12Egesdal et al. (2015) exploit sparsity patterns in their MPEC implementation but do not further exploit other features of the problem structure. 13Alternatively, θf can be estimated in a first stage, with θu then estimated via partial maximum likelihood. Similarly to single-agent k-NPL, k-EPL iterations based on this partial MLE problem yield asymptotic equivalence and finite-sample convergence to partial MLE because the zero Jacobian property still applies. 14See, e.g., Rust (1987); Aguirregabiria and Mira (2002, 2007); Bajari et al.","12Egesdal et al. (2015) exploit sparsity patterns in their MPEC implementation but do not further exploit other features of the problem structure.","…Shimotsu (2012) showed that the sequence converges\n1Some other examples of CCP estimators are described in Hotz, Miller, Sanders, and Smith (1994); Bajari, Benkard, and Levin (2007); Pakes, Ostrovsky, and Berry (2007); Pesendorfer and Schmidt-Dengler (2008).\nto the true parameter values with…"],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4105143972,"citingcorpusid":258439698,"citedcorpusid":3726339,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In a highly recommended review article, Richard Stevenson describes the functions of olfaction and divides them into three areas: Food intake, indication of hazard stimuli in the environment, and social communication [14] (▶Fig.","According to a review article published by Stevenson in 2010 [14], the human sense of smell primarily fulfils the function of food intake since scents contribute significantly to aroma perception."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2989341754,"citingcorpusid":222156245,"citedcorpusid":13389811,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For open-book exams, even if the type of questions and broad structure of the exam remain the same as in previous years, the format allows for students to focus on displaying comprehension and evaluation [50,51]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2989342068,"citingcorpusid":222156245,"citedcorpusid":202034067,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As with many aspects of (online) teaching, an especially important consideration is that of the instructor, as their influence heavily impacts the students’ affective experience of the online class [78], indicating that careful thought is needed in planning student support of online practical activities."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1910701234,"citingcorpusid":144125228,"citedcorpusid":142518923,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These rules, broadly speaking, are not only that the teacher controls what knowledge is deemed acceptable and relevant but also that the teacher should not impose his/her views on the students where “facts” are contested or uncertain or where values are involved (Edwards & Mercer, 1987)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4108017496,"citingcorpusid":253014438,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…some see the achievements because of the robustness of the public healthcare system due to insufficient progress in neoliberalism (Davis, 2020, p. 10; Harvey, 2020; Jones & Hameiri, 2022; Kasdan & Campbell, 2020; Kumar, 2021; Mellish et al., 2020; Murphy, 2020, pp. 58–64; Navarro, 2020, p. 273)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1910701440,"citingcorpusid":144125228,"citedcorpusid":145302549,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…white institutions, values and belief systems (Brandt, 1986; Mullard, 1982); how education reproduces class dominance, exploitation and inequality (Giroux, 1983; Hargreaves, 1967; Lacey, 1970; Willis, 1978) and structural correspondences between everyday educational experiences and capitalist…","However, arguably, many of the ways that education reinforces and reproduces inequalities remain relevant (Giroux, 1983; Kentli, 2009), and the ways in which the hidden curriculum is produced and maintained are poorly understood."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4107150539,"citingcorpusid":258528820,"citedcorpusid":219725689,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Since a cough produces around 3000 droplets, then each cough releases 0.3 virions; a sneeze produces approximately 40,000 droplets, hence 4 virions are released (Dhand and Li 2020).","3 virions; a sneeze produces approximately 40,000 droplets, hence 4 virions are released (Dhand and Li 2020)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4043691512,"citingcorpusid":256081275,"citedcorpusid":30224903,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 1991), submission in inter-male fighting (Kaltwasser, 1990), social isolation (Francis, 1977), and aversive stimuli (Brudzynski and Ociepa, 1992; Jelen et al."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3528317129,"citingcorpusid":92999022,"citedcorpusid":85057211,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["has been described to occur during malaria (39), or an antigen-specific response, we assessed the binding"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1080607192,"citingcorpusid":92999022,"citedcorpusid":2209945,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Such memory B cells have been identified previously (35) and show similar BCR characteristics to CD27+ memory B cells (36)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3433124028,"citingcorpusid":231883134,"citedcorpusid":11207128,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["STAR+METHODS\nDetailed methods are provided in the online version of this paper and include the following:\nd KEY RESOURCES TABLE d RESOURCE AVAILABILITY\nB Lead contact B Materials availability B Data and code availability\nd EXPERIMENTAL MODEL AND SUBJECT DETAILS\nB Patient cohorts d METHOD DETAILS\nB Flow cytometry B Tetramer Preparation B Single-cell RNA-seq using Smart-seq2 B Single-cell RNA-seq and CITE-seq using 10x Chro-\nmium\nd QUANTIFICATION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS\nB Statistical Analysis B Single-cell RNA-seq analysis B Pseudotime Analysis B Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) B CITE-seq analysis B VDJ Analysis\nSUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION\nSupplemental Information can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j. celrep.2020.108684.","GSEA comparing to previously published datasets (Ellebedy et al., 2016) showed that this population shared some differentially expressed genes with naive B cells (Figures 1D and S1A).","GSEA was done using javaGSEA through the Broad Institute.","The second supercluster was found to be enriched for genes associated with previously described activated B cells (actBCs) (Ellebedy et al., 2016); therefore, cells within this supercluster were designated actBCs (Figures 2C and S3B).","Both CXCR3 memory cells and atBCs also appeared to be marginally enriched for genes associated with activated B cells , though no distinct activated B cell population was identified in this analysis (Ellebedy et al., 2016).","Because actBCs are not well distinguished by this panel, we used CD71 as amarker, as this marker was the one originally used to identify the actBC population for the transcriptomic studies we reference in our GSEA (Ellebedy et al., 2016).","GSEA revealed that one of superclusters, made up of 3 smaller clusters, was enriched for previously identified atBC genes (Portugal et al., 2015).","To attempt to link these clusters to previously identified classifications of B cells we used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).","GSEA showed that cluster 1 had many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the atBC phenotype (Portugal et al., 2015), such as FCRL5, ITGAX, TNFRSF1B, LILRB1,CD19, andMS4A1 (Figures 1D, S1A, and S1B).","(D) Heatmap displaying the normalized enrichment scores of multiple GSEAs comparing each cluster versus previously published gene sets from atBCs, naive B cells, and actBCs.","Cluster 2 expressed the lymphoid homing gene CCR7 and the antiproliferative BTG1 gene (Figures 1D and S1B), suggesting that this may be a quiescent resting/central B cell memory subset and therefore were classified as MBCs.GSEA comparing to previously published datasets (Ellebedy et al., 2016) showed that this population shared some differentially expressed genes with naive B cells (Figures 1D and S1A)."],"intents":[null,["result"],null,["background"],["background"],["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":4075787122,"citingcorpusid":255657348,"citedcorpusid":201905761,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Hence the channel power gain G obeys the Gamma distribution with parameter m, the pdf of which is expressed as [29], [30]"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":4061361503,"citingcorpusid":254678356,"citedcorpusid":124040597,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Next, we recall the GL fractional-order derivative (Podlubny 1999) of a real function f (x) defined by","…4 ( W α p space and W α p norm ) For any p ∈ N + , let ∞} be a function space embedding with the norm where Lemma 1 (See Zhang and Chen (2015)) (cid:5) (cid:5) Next, we recall the GL fractional-order derivative (Podlubny 1999) of a real function f ( x ) defined by where C α k is defined in (1) ."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1080607932,"citingcorpusid":92999022,"citedcorpusid":40074570,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["(C) Frequency of FcRL5+ cells among total CD11c+ mature B cells or (D) further separated based on expression of CD21 and CD27.","(C) Schematic gating strategy for assessing IgD expression in CD11c+ B cell subsets separated by expression of CD21 and CD27.","To assess if the decline was due to a redistribution of CD11c+ B cell subsets, we separated the cells based on expression of CD21 and CD27 as before.","Mature B cells (CD19+CD20+CD10−) were separated into 4 populations (P) based on expression of CD21 and CD27 (Figure 4A, bottom right, and Figure 4, D–","To assess the B cell subsets making up the CD11c+ B cell compartment further, we separated the cells based on expression of CD21 and CD27.","The extensive induction of Th1 responses following infection is associated with an increase in proliferation of primarily an atypical subpopulation of memory B cells devoid of the classical surface markers CD21 and CD27 (14, 15).","Clusters 16 and 17 were further defined by lack of CD21 and CD27, likely representing atypical B cells, while cluster 21 expressed detectable levels of CD27.","(B) Frequency of CD11c+ B cells further separated based on expression of CD21 and CD27.","(E) Frequency of CXCR3+ cells among total CD11c+ mature B cells or (F) further separated based on expression of CD21 and CD27.","CD19+CD20+CD10− mature B cells were further separated by CD21 and CD27 for activated memory (D), resting memory (E), naive/CD27lo memory (F), and atypical (G) B cells or (H) CD11c B cells.","Cluster 19, which contributed 18.7% of the cells expressed IgM and IgD, but lacked expression of CD21 and CD27."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":2559479565,"citingcorpusid":12481635,"citedcorpusid":207175852,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The development of these systems has been carried out by means of Evolutionary Computation [93,94] tools in which populations of networks are evolved and the final solution is made up of combining different individuals of the population [95,96]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4112327110,"citingcorpusid":258743818,"citedcorpusid":225728526,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Hobbs [14] pointed out that new media literacy is the ability of individuals to use and participate in computer technology, social media, and Internet technology, and its connotation emphasizes the production and consumption of media content [15]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1798617841,"citingcorpusid":211227022,"citedcorpusid":239334105,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[14] proposed a structured deep learning model for automatic multi-classification of breast cancer from histopathological images, and achieved remarkable performance on a large-scale dataset."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4111714886,"citingcorpusid":258718149,"citedcorpusid":209353552,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To address this we use dynamic mutation rates [20].","The threshold value changes linearly throughout the search similar to [20]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2559476875,"citingcorpusid":12481635,"citedcorpusid":14049040,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is carried out in a similar way to the process performed by the technique of early stopping [113,114]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2698957179,"citingcorpusid":144414727,"citedcorpusid":145054910,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thus, cognitive interventions are based on identification of cognitions that appraise a stimulus as threatening, on equipping the individual with more adaptive cognitive skills (Meichenbaum, 1985), and on substituting negative automatic cognitions with learned positive ones (Ellis, 1962)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3315783695,"citingcorpusid":233407525,"citedcorpusid":119136988,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Nevertheless, following [7], we obtain an expansion similar to (3.","The infrared cutoff that we introduced in sequence η leads to a slightly different form of the operator A than the one used in [7], which in turn causes several terms appearing there to vanish in our setting.","1 follows the strategy developed in [7] for the Gross-Pitaevskii regime with κ = 0.","1) describes a Bose gas in the so-called Gross-Pitaevski regime, for which several rigorous results have been obtained, including convergence of the manybody dynamics towards the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation [13, 26, 3, 10], complete Bose-Einstein condensation [20, 21, 25, 4, 7, 24, 17, 11], bounds on the ground state energy to leading order [22, 25] and, recently, up to errors vanishing in the limit of large N [6], as well as estimates on the low-energy excitation spectrum [6]."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1680040979,"citingcorpusid":73992153,"citedcorpusid":12699473,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["People with high responsibility disposition feel obligated to do the right thing, and tend to show concern about the development of others.(22) When in the role of leader, these types of people are more focused on the development of the group, rather than personal aggrandizement.","First, personal character traits are predictive of one’s leadership behavior.(22) In this vein, I focus on the leader’s responsibility disposition."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1125631668,"citingcorpusid":148318540,"citedcorpusid":12699473,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Socially tamed power motivation is therefore associated with good management and leadership skills (McClelland & Boyatzis, 1982; Winter, 1991), whereas untamed power is associated with impulsive, egoistical, or profligate behavior (Winter, 1988).\nn Affiliation The affiliation motive is…","Socially tamed power motivation is therefore associated with good management and leadership skills (McClelland & Boyatzis, 1982; Winter, 1991), whereas untamed power is associated with impulsive, egoistical, or profligate behavior (Winter, 1988)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1851855838,"citingcorpusid":25794514,"citedcorpusid":8248057,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The process of stimulus-reinforcement learning relies on both “cold” cognitive reasoning and “hot” affective processes.(3) “Cold” decision making involves the rational process of weighing risks and benefits associated with various options and depends on knowledge of the risk/benefit ratio, the ability to retrieve this knowledge from memory, and the ability to compare the risks and benefits of an option.","In contrast, “hot” decision making relies on previously learned feedback contingencies that elicit a physiological response.(3) When the outcomes of a decision are completely unknown, such decisions are termed “decisions under ambiguity” and rely more heavily on “cold” decision making.","However, closer analysis of IGT performance by OFC lesion patients and bvFTD patients shows that these populations have persisted in choosing decks with high immediate rewards and greater long-term punishments.(3,19,43) Although in our study the BART and IGT were not compared directly, these findings suggest that perhaps one commonality between the BART and the IGT is that patients with frontal lobe lesions or atrophy will have a preference for immediate rewards regardless of the payoff magnitude.","However, individuals with damage to the amygdala or the right frontal cortex, including the right lateral OFC, are likely to demonstrate impairments on the IGT compared with controls by displaying a tendency to prefer the decks that distribute greater immediate rewards.(3) TABLE 2.","Evidence from studies that have examined IGT performance in patients with frontal lobe injuries suggest that individuals with damage to the left lateral OFC are likely to perform similarly to controls by eventually learning to select the less risky decks that provide smaller immediate rewards, but greater long-term net gain.(3,43) However, individuals with damage to the amygdala or the right frontal cortex, including the right lateral OFC, are likely to demonstrate impairments on the IGT compared with controls by displaying a tendency to prefer the decks that distribute greater immediate rewards."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":600325726,"citingcorpusid":6839893,"citedcorpusid":21000591,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In comparing the best combination of tools for each kingdom from our previous work [6] with the best combination using SignalP-4.","0 are significantly higher than those for SignalP-3.","The performance of each combination of tools was measured using sensitivity (SN), specificity (SP) and the Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC).","A comprehensive evaluation of these tools in combination with WoLF PSORT was evaluated across the four kingdoms of animal, plant, fungi, and protists [6]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2089905583,"citingcorpusid":167745861,"citedcorpusid":153547642,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Patenting offers another strategy that may be used by established firms to prevent the\nentry of new firms (Gilbert and Newbery, 1982).","Patenting offers another strategy that may be used by established firms to prevent the entry of new firms (Gilbert and Newbery, 1982).","As Gilbert and Newbery (1982) argued, the value of innovating to the potential entrant is the stream of duopoly profits that the entrant would receive when competing with the current monopoly."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2089905665,"citingcorpusid":167745861,"citedcorpusid":153811547,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Dasgupta, P. and J. Stiglitz (1980), ‘Uncertainty, Industrial Structure and the Speed of R&D,’ Bell Journal of Economics 11, 1-28. de Meza, D. and D.C. Webb (1987), ‘Too Much Investment: A Problem of Asymmetric Information,’ Quarterly Journal of Economics 102, 281-92. de Meza, D. and D.C. Webb (1999), ‘Wealth, Enterprise and Credit Policy,’ The Economic Journal 109, 153-63.","Webb, D.C. (2000), ‘The Impact of Liquidity Constraints on Bank Lending Policy,’ The Economic Journal 110, 169-91.","40\nde Meza, D. and D.C. Webb (2000), ‘Does Credit Rationing Imply Insufficient Lending,’ Journal of Public Economics 78, 215-34."],"intents":[null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1944870025,"citingcorpusid":218516558,"citedcorpusid":124517442,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["8 kJ/mol [37, 38, 40, 41], the one for BC-6-no is higher, whereas it is smaller for BC-6.","All data are obtained from the inelastic fixed window scans, except the bulk value of E a (taken from [37, 38, 40, 41]).","[37–41] The structure formulas of the cation and anion are depicted in Fig."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3282549857,"citingcorpusid":103342506,"citedcorpusid":96413668,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This necessitates the development of powerful methods for oxidation to effectively remove drugs and their metabolites from wastewater [12]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2268111127,"citingcorpusid":166850103,"citedcorpusid":39531195,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…application of TTC in the assessment of chemical mixtures found in surface water, and pharmaceuticals in surface waters) were further developed during 2010 and subsequently published (Meek et al., 2011; OECD, 2011b), and needs for further work on combined exposures were identified (OECD, 2011b)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":869244934,"citingcorpusid":20203360,"citedcorpusid":31666291,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Mutations in the tau gene are responsible for Frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) (31,32).","AT100 antibody and AP422 antiserum recognize phospho-epitopes that are directly related to neurofibrillary degeneration found in AD, PSP, CBD and FTDP-17, but completely absent in tau proteins derived from human brain biopsy (39,45,46).","Indeed, most of the mutations altering the maturation of tau pre-mRNA change the expression of tau protein in favour of tau isoform containing the exon 10 (31,33,35,54,55).","Depending on the tau gene mutation, FTDP-17 pathological tau patterns belong to classes 1–3 (36,37).","It contrasts with FTDP-17, where tau mutations alter essentially the splicing of exon 10.","DM1 and FTDP-17 are similar in that the tau isoform expression is altered, characterized by a reduced inclusion of exon 2 or by increased inclusion of exon 10, respectively.","The specific electrophoretic signature of pathological tau has been described in AD, PiD, PSP, CBD and FTDP-17 (37)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":58865519,"citingcorpusid":14537232,"citedcorpusid":39531195,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["(WHO IPSC, 2010); Risk Assessment of Combined Exposure to Multiple Chemicals: A WHO/IPCS Framework (Meek et al., 2011); Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality-Fourth Edition","(3) The tiered framework of IPCS (Meek et al., 2011) integrates relevant and scientifically appropriate prior information and should be used as a template for future work.","(WHO IPSC, 2010); Risk Assessment of Combined Exposure to Multiple Chemicals: A WHO/IPCS Framework (Meek et al., 2011); Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality-Fourth Edition (WHO, 2011).","The tiered framework of IPCS (Meek et al., 2011) builds upon prior guidelines of ACGIH, US EPA, and others, and integrates relevant and scientifically appropriate prior information.","Based in part on these prior deliberations, a unifying integrating framework, presented in Figure 4, has been published for evaluating the risk of combined exposure to multiple chemicals (Meek et al., 2011).","Due to the substantial inconsistency in how these and other terms are used, Meek et al. (2011) recommended that the ‘‘aggregate’’ and ‘‘cumulative’’ terms be replaced by more explicit terms such as ‘‘single chemical, multiple routes’’ and ‘‘multiple chemicals, multiple routes,’’…","(3) The tiered framework of IPCS (Meek et al., 2011)\nintegrates relevant and scientifically appropriate prior information and should be used as a template for future work.","Guidelines for mixtures risk assessment have been developed by a number of authoritative organizations (e.g. ACGIH, 2011; ATSDR, 2001a, 2011b; Meek et al., 2011; US EPA, 1986b, 2000b)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":521650554,"citingcorpusid":19338244,"citedcorpusid":84734186,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Avenant-Oldewage and Knight (1994) restated the original interpretation of the morphology (as second antennae), and this was most recently confirmed by Møller (2009). Hence, a comparison between first antennae of Dipteropeltis and Chonopeltis is not possible.","…processes have several rows of teeth along the margin, and in the case of Dolops the dentation is best described as one-sided (for Dolops see: Avenant-Oldewage, 1994; Avenant-Oldewage and van As, 1990; For Chonopeltis see Avenant-Oldewage et al., 1994; Boxshall, 1976; Brian, 1940; Fryer,…","Avenant-Oldewage and Knight (1994) restated the original interpretation of the morphology (as second antennae), and this was most recently confirmed by Møller (2009). Hence, a comparison between first antennae of Dipteropeltis and Chonopeltis is not possible. In Argulus and Dolops the first antennae (and second antennae) are very similar. This was already mentioned by Maidl (1912) and more recently by Møller et al. (2008). All known species of these genera have a first antennae consisting of proximal broad, two-segmented part of which the second segment carries a more or less robust proximal hook, and a distal more slender part divided in two to three segments terminating in a few setae. Such a slender, segmented, distal part is also present in Dipteropeltis, and a proximal hook-bearing part also seems to be present, although the precise state of development of this hook is unclear. Based on the phylogeny presented by Møller et al. (2008), in which Dolops is sister group to the remaining branchiurans, it is clear that this morphology is plesiomorphic for the Branchiura, and therefore cannot be used to infer the phylogenetic position of Dipteropeltis.",", Avenant-Oldewage and Knight, 1994; Luus-Powell and Avenant-Oldewage, 1996; Møller et al., 2008; Møller, 2009; Wilson, 1902). The complex surface structure of the sclerites in Dipteropeltis has never been reported before, although both Calman (1912) and Ringuelet (1948) illustrated the circular sclerites of Dipteropeltis with a small central ‘‘dot” in their drawings.","Avenant-Oldewage and Knight (1994) restated the original interpretation of the morphology (as second antennae), and this was most recently confirmed by Møller (2009).","Avenant-Oldewage and Knight (1994) restated the original interpretation of the morphology (as second antennae), and this was most recently confirmed by Møller (2009). Hence, a comparison between first antennae of Dipteropeltis and Chonopeltis is not possible. In Argulus and Dolops the first antennae (and second antennae) are very similar. This was already mentioned by Maidl (1912) and more recently by Møller et al. (2008). All known species of these genera have a first antennae consisting of proximal broad, two-segmented part of which the second segment carries a more or less robust proximal hook, and a distal more slender part divided in two to three segments terminating in a few setae."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":834690567,"citingcorpusid":13009183,"citedcorpusid":31666291,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Over the last decades, several genes have been identified causing autosomal dominant adult-onset neurodegenerative disease, such as HTT in Huntington’s disease (HD), PSEN1, PSEN2 and APP in (early-onset) Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and MAPT, GRN and C9orf72 in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (MacDonald et al. 1993; Sherrington et al. 1995; Clark et al. 1995; Goate et al. 1991; Hutton et al. 1998; Spillantini et al. 1998; Baker et al. 2006; Cruts et al. 2006; DeJesus-Hernandez et al. 2011; Renton et al. 2011).","Of these, 193 were from HD families, 81 from FTD families and 9 from AD families.","The inclusion criteria of this exploratory study were (a) age ≥ 35 years; (b) tested while asymptomatic for HD, FTD or AD at least 2 years before the start of the study or at (presumed) 50% risk for one of these diseases and (c) sufficient knowledge of the Dutch language to understand the instructions and questionnaires.","Over the last decades, several genes have been identified causing autosomal dominant adult-onset neurodegenerative disease, such as HTT in Huntington’s disease (HD), PSEN1,\nPSEN2 and APP in (early-onset) Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and MAPT, GRN and C9orf72 in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (MacDonald et al. 1993; Sherrington et al. 1995; Clark et al. 1995; Goate et al. 1991; Hutton et al. 1998; Spillantini et al. 1998; Baker et al. 2006; Cruts et al. 2006; DeJesus-Hernandez et al. 2011; Renton et al. 2011).","In this exploratory study, we found no large negative effects of predictive testing for FTD or HD on employment, salary, financial issues or health and well-being between carriers and non-carriers and untested individuals at risk.","The response rate was higher in individuals of FTD families than in AD and HD families.","A positive informed consent form was returned by 115, an overall response rate of 39.5% (HD 33.2%, FTD 55.6% and AD 33.3","This difference is probably caused by our methods of selecting patients: most individuals from FTD families were selected from the FTD research cohort and were requested permission to be informed in this study beforehand.","We selected patients from four sources: I. patients who visited the Clinical Genetics Department of the Erasmus Medical Center (EMC) in Rotterdam from January 2003 to December 2012 at risk of familial HD, FTD or AD (n =\n206); II. patients of the Clinical Genetics Department of the VU University Medical Center (VUmc) in Amsterdam from January 2003 to December 2012 at risk of AD or FTD (n = 9); III. participants of a genetic FTD research cohort on inherited FTD at the EMC (Dopper et al. 2014) (n = 31); and IV. family members of study participants, who gave consent to be informed about our research project (n = 37).","The majority of carriers and non-carriers were from HD families (77.0%), while most untested individuals were at risk of FTD (74.1%).","Individuals of the FTD research cohort were asked permission to be contacted about this research project by their research physicians."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":39280429,"citingcorpusid":2850395,"citedcorpusid":122527475,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The flow equations are solved with a monolithic scheme in pressure and velocity, with a traditional finite elemet method with SUPG stabilization, as introduced in (Brooks and Hughes, 1982), with equal interpolation spaces for velocity and pressure.","This process continues until the coarsest mesh is reached and the coarse grid correction is transferred back to the finest grid.","Briefly, on the one hand, the classical SUPG method (Brooks and Hughes, 1982) and the GLS one (Hughes\net al., 1989; Shakib et al., 1991), are used for the RANS (or the LaNS) set, for the incompressible and compressible cases respectively."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4050889756,"citingcorpusid":256421997,"citedcorpusid":53459833,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It performs a vital role in supporting the language revitalisation effort and in ensuring Māori children can grow up learning their indigenous language (Benton and Benton 2000; May and Hill 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4031904363,"citingcorpusid":255516665,"citedcorpusid":151065005,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…the rise, growth and organisational challenges of backpacker hostels, homestays, timeshares, bed and breakfasts and guest houses, including its distinctive township or slum tourism variant (Visser and Van Huyssteen 1997, 1999; Rogerson 2004, 2007, 2013d; Pandy and Rogerson 2013a, b, c, 2014a, b)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3128009743,"citingcorpusid":222184041,"citedcorpusid":3135887,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Older studies in adults found that 200 μg oral folic acid resulted in detectable concentrations of UMFA in the bloodstream (12, 14, 15), and that the daily ingestion of 400 μg produced a sustained appearance of circulating folic acid (13) but newer, more sensitive, methodologies have shown that it circulates at low concentrations [∼0.","that escapes the intestine enters the hepatic portal vein and is almost completely metabolized to THF in the liver (13, 56, 57)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2851620084,"citingcorpusid":122824996,"citedcorpusid":40568246,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A 3 3 10 mm KTP crystal is used for intracavity frequency doubling and is cut for type II second-harmonic generation (SHG) at 1.319 m( ). A quarter-wave plate specific to the 1.319m wavelength is placed between the Nd : YAG rod and the harmonic mirror to avoid the so-called “green problem” [ 9 ]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3952192709,"citingcorpusid":252683150,"citedcorpusid":120593368,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several researchers have studied the existence of a solution of PBEs, see in [3, 4, 5]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2921437719,"citingcorpusid":145173513,"citedcorpusid":143366422,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Social comparison effects were assessed using the logarithm of the average full-time employment salary of the outside executives on the compensation committee (O'Reilly et al., 1988)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2093749211,"citingcorpusid":218688552,"citedcorpusid":4321622,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Future development of astrocyte-specific technologies could facilitate experiments examining input- or\ncircuit-specific modulation of astrocytes as has been done in neurons (Liu et al., 2012; Sakurai et al., 2016)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2239582617,"citingcorpusid":157131742,"citedcorpusid":154986061,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["21 Vysotskaya Guedes Vieira 2014 b, 101.","45 Vysotskaya Guedes Vieira 2014 b, S. 108.","39 Vysotskaya Guedes Vieira 2014 b, 105.","17 Vysotskaya Guedes Vieira 2014 a, 567.","41 Vysotskaya Guedes Vieira 2014 b, 104.","26 Vysotskaya Guedes Vieira 2014 b, 567.","52 Vysotskaya Guedes Vieira 2014 b, S. 109.","47 Samorukov, a. a. O. 48 Vysotskaya Guedes Vieira 2014 b, S. 108."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3609343484,"citingcorpusid":240233391,"citedcorpusid":38104250,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The real-time monitoring of explosive volcanoes by seismic and infrasonic instruments [9–11], forecasts of ash dispersion and deposition [12] and the detection of approaching ash clouds using high-cost instrumentation typically based on satellites [13], X-Band dual-polarization radars [14], ground thermal infrared cameras (TIRs) [15] or ground-based microwave weather radars [16] and vision systems [17–19], and laser diffraction and image processing techniques [20] are some examples of adopted solutions."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":11048437,"citingcorpusid":4329155,"citedcorpusid":12924542,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In addition to using population models as tools to gain insight into the effects of uncertainty in empirical data, our review indicates that methods exist for dealing with data gaps, and these include allometric estimation of vital rates [48], Bayesian techniques [49], use of surrogate species ([50]; but see Spromberg and Birge [19] and Banks et al. [22,51]), and iteration of unknown parameters based on initial values of population statistics (e.g., growth rates) [28].","see Spromberg and Birge [19] and Banks et al.","Different mechanisms lead to variation in populationlevel outcomes, such as including variation in life-history traits [19], combining lethal and sublethal effects [45], density dependence [46], or temporal and spatial exposure patterns [47].","life-history traits [19,27,59], or by assuming additive impacts","For example, population models can provide insight into the relative importance of different biological processes, for instance, the vulnerability to toxic stress of species dependent on their lifehistory traits [19,22,45,51].","[22,51] and Spromberg and Birge [19] highlight that care needs to be taken when one is identifying toxicological surrogates because of the importance of lifehistory differences on population-level impacts.","Banks et al. [22,51] and Spromberg and Birge [19] highlight that care needs to be taken when one is identifying toxicological surrogates because of the importance of lifehistory differences on population-level impacts."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":283137031,"citingcorpusid":41746847,"citedcorpusid":143366422,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(4) , respectively, to further examine the moderating effect of analyst coverage, forecast error and forecast dispersion on the relationship between internal pay gap and company performance.","…competition between hierarchy levels may influence the harmony and cooperation that should exist in the workplace (Henderson and Fredrickson, 2001; O'Reilly et al., 1988) and employees with negative feelings will not try their best to take their work seriously, which may influence company…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4082069401,"citingcorpusid":257595556,"citedcorpusid":3827632,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":587891889,"citingcorpusid":55401755,"citedcorpusid":143366422,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is contrary to the findings of Rosen (1990) that found pay-for-firm size elasticity to be positive and the estimated elasticity was not significantly different from 0.","Social comparison based non-agency theories\nO'Reilly et al. (1988) examined economic and psychological factors that influenced the setting of CEO compensation levels and tested both a tournament model and a social comparison model."],"intents":[["result"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3879762716,"citingcorpusid":251711568,"citedcorpusid":19316856,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["TALEs interact with subunits of the transcription initiation factor IIA  [12] and initiate transcription via a C-terminal acidic activation domain in a somewhat defined distance downstream of the TALE binding site  [13, 14]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":389355132,"citingcorpusid":29379965,"citedcorpusid":19190366,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recently, blocking the immune checkpoints pathways through the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against immune checkpoint receptors/ligands has been envisaged as a very successful therapeutic approach against several chronic infections and malignant tumours ([6])."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":389355259,"citingcorpusid":29379965,"citedcorpusid":42919520,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["With this limitation, molecular modelling and computer simulations can offer a comprehensive and alternative approach to understand these interactions ([16-35])."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":908898044,"citingcorpusid":15678682,"citedcorpusid":24974343,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["MN are expressed in dividing cells that either contain chromosome breaks lacking centromeres (acentric fragments) and/or whole chromosomes that are unable to travel to the spindle poles during mitosis (aneugenic effect) [19,20]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1907455993,"citingcorpusid":119342149,"citedcorpusid":28336268,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["By exploiting the semi-discrete nature of the phase–space, in accordance to the principles of quantum mechanics [9], it is possible to rewrite the Wigner equation in a semi-discrete form","where LC = (LC , L y C ) is the coherence length [9],M = (Mx,My) and N = (Nx,Ny) are two couples of integers (pseudo-wave vectors can be described in terms of integers in a semi-discrete phase–space), and ∆k =  π LC , π LC  .","Thus, the time-dependent evolution of theWigner quasi-distribution happens only by creation and annihilation of particles which replace the acceleration due to Newtonian forces [9].","The solution of problem (5) can be expressed in terms of a Liouville–Neumann series [10] which can be used to calculate the expectation value ⟨A⟩(t) of a macroscopic variable A = A(x,M) expressed as an iterative series [9]"],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1614674787,"citingcorpusid":11952108,"citedcorpusid":195840969,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In several studies of small-scale multiprocessing (4 to 32 processors), simulation results indicate that most blocks written into are present in only a small number of other caches [1, 5, 19]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1119425842,"citingcorpusid":145040055,"citedcorpusid":153481880,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Finally, consolidations are another area of differences between U.S. GAAP and IFRS.","S. firms’ reporting practices change following the switch to IFRS.","We highlight that more reporting discretion is not necessarily a problem and that reporting incentives, which are shaped by the U.S. institutional framework, play a major role in how firms would apply the discretion under IFRS.","If anything, one ight argue that the direct costs go down as a result of the lower complexity of IFRS.","Thus, the global movement toward FRS reporting may facilitate cross-border investment and the integration of capital markets e.g., ovrig et al. 2007; Florou and Pope 2009; Yu 2009 .","However, a switch o IFRS poses the question of whether to maintain explicit SEC disclosure requirements that are utside or go beyond those in IFRS.","Accounting standards and international portfolio holdings: Analysis of cross-border holdings\nfollowing mandatory adoption of IFRS.","In this regard, our study identifies both transitional as well as recurring costs from a move to IFRS.","However, these effects primarily apply to transitional economies that re moving away from lower-quality domestic GAAP to IFRS.","In addition, as stated by the European Commission in 2008, U.S. GAAP meets the criteria of equivalence to IFRS, effectively granting U.S. issuers the right to be listed in EU markets without costly reconciliation reference: IP/08/619 .\nccounting Horizons September 2010 American Accounting Association\ns a a\nC\nt i n i a i a\no i a o m t e i q\nA\na b o a t t c a s g\na t p\n3\n3 3\n3\nA A\npectrum, smaller U.S. firms could also benefit from the adoption of IFRS.","S. GAAP have to be reclassified as debt under IFRS.","F reconciliation, essentially granting them a choice between U.S. AAP and IFRS.","Aside from the cost savings, a switch to FRS by a U.S. multinational could improve within-firm reporting comparability across its subidiaries to the extent that translated or reconciled U.S. GAAP numbers prepared by the subsidaries for the parent are not of the same quality as primary accounts in IFRS.","At present, there are fewer studies that nalyze the effects around the introduction of mandatory IFRS reporting; most studies examine rms’ voluntary decisions to adopt IFRS.","As such financial reporting prerequisites are rare in the U.S. tax system, it is nlikely that dropping the LIFO conformity rule imposes major costs on other elements of the tax\nccounting Horizons September 2010 American Accounting Association\ns f s a a a u p\nO\nS t u a I t p B u t c v\nI\nw e l t H s c m p f a\nr G\n4\n4\n4\nA A\nystem.45 Second, the IRS could provide tax credits or tax breaks to firms that currently benefit rom LIFO accounting but would incur higher taxes after being forced to use IFRS.","That is, even if IFRS and U.S. nstitutions are, in principle, compatible, certain U.S. institutions may need to be adjusted or dapted so as to fine-tune them to the introduction of IFRS.","We start with existing evidence on he determinants of voluntary IFRS adoption around the world to predict which U.S. firms would ikely incur larger net benefits or smaller net costs from adopting IFRS.","Drawing on the academic literature in accounting, finance, and economics, we assess the potential impact of IFRS adoption on the quality and comparability of U.S. reporting practices, the ensuing capital market effects, and the potential costs of switching from U.S. GAAP to IFRS.","Ashbaugh and Pincus 2001 show that analyst orecast errors are positively related to differences in accounting standards between IFRS and arious local GAAP, and that the accuracy of these forecasts improves after firms adopt IFRS. ovrig et al. 2007 document that foreign mutual fund ownership is significantly higher for IFRS dopters compared to local GAAP firms and that the difference in mutual fund holdings increases or firms in poor-information environments and with low visibility, suggesting that IFRS reporting elps firms attract foreign institutional investment.","For example, if a firm is forced to switch from U.S. GAAP to IFRS ut does not want to change the valuation of a particular asset, managers may use their reporting iscretion to achieve the same valuation under IFRS.","Daske et al. 2008 document apital market benefits for early and late voluntary adopters in the year of the mandated switch o IFRS.","If the current level of reporting quality is reasonably close to hat investors demand and firms must provide to support outside financing needs and existing wnership structures, then firms will continue to face this demand for transparency and public nformation after the switch to IFRS.","As a esult, the evidence informs us about the potential costs and benefits of IFRS for firms with articular characteristics but cannot provide a rationale for an IFRS mandate or a switch to IFRS.\nvidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoptions around the World Studies on mandatory IFRS reporting either examine the stock market reactions to key events\nssociated with the EU’s movement toward mandatory IFRS reporting or analyze the effects round the introduction of mandatory IFRS financial statements in certain countries.12 Studies in he first group try to infer whether the adoption of IFRS in the EU has net benefits or costs to rms from their stock market reactions to key events that made IFRS reporting more or less likely. uch event studies depend crucially on the identification of key events and the extent to which egulatory actions are anticipated by the market.","2007a. IFRS: Observations on the Implementation of IFRS.","Third, U.S. GAAP and IFRS are already fairly close and are expected to be even closer by the time the United States might adopt IFRS.","One might, therefore, argue that these cost savings should not be given much weight in the decision of whether the United States adopts IFRS.","However, various U.S. institutions will have to be adapted to better match with IFRS.","In Part II of the series see Hail et al. 2010 , we provide an analysis of the policy factors related to the decision and present several scenarios for the future evolution of U.S. accounting standards in light of the current global movement toward IFRS.","The Big 4 audit firms rovide updated lists of the differences between the two standards, listing many differences.41 For xample, according to PwC 2009 , FIN 48 Income Taxes and FAS No. 123R Share-Based ayment alone account for many of the key differences between U.S. GAAP and IFRS.","As with all value relevance tudies, we do not know whether this result reflects that IFRS reconciliations provide new inforation to the markets or that they simply contain information, which is also contained in prices. orton et al. 2008 and Wang et al. 2008 examine firms’ information environment surrounding he mandatory introduction of IFRS and find that analyst forecast properties like forecast accuracy, nalyst following, and forecast dispersion, as well as the relative information content of earnings nnouncements, improve after the mandatory adoption of IFRS.","Even though we view high-quality financial reporting and tax compliance as correlated outomes, it is conceivable that the relatively strict tax enforcement system in the United States rovides incentives toward a higher-quality implementation of IFRS.","…to differences in accounting standards between IFRS and arious local GAAP, and that the accuracy of these forecasts improves after firms adopt IFRS. ovrig et al. 2007 document that foreign mutual fund ownership is significantly higher for IFRS dopters compared to local GAAP firms and that the…","One such example is the “forwardooking” risk estimates that firms are required to provide under IFRS.","2 Another important group of potential beneficiaries are U.S. investors who want to diversify their portfolios abroad and would no longer need to invest in understanding both U.S. GAAP and IFRS."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":1920136704,"citingcorpusid":33213589,"citedcorpusid":24996493,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Therefore, it was indicated that change in the TMJ space was probably related to remodeling after treatment.(16) Moreover, the physiologic condylar position of the contralateral joint was nearly unchanged, which also demonstrated that condylar adaptive"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1664771008,"citingcorpusid":36570477,"citedcorpusid":23253578,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, extracellular calcium, similar to aluminum, iron, and zinc, can accelarate aggregation of released Ab (Mantyh et al, 1993; Isaacs et al, 2006).","Metal ions such as iron, zinc, and copper are known to promote aggregation of soluble Ab (Mantyh et al, 1993), and the same metals co-deposit with senile plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (Lovell et al, 1998) and in Ab plaques in transgenic PS/APP mice (Falangola et al, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1664770923,"citingcorpusid":36570477,"citedcorpusid":2602957,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Metal ions such as iron, zinc, and copper are known to promote aggregation of soluble Ab (Mantyh et al, 1993), and the same metals co-deposit with senile plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (Lovell et al, 1998) and in Ab plaques in transgenic PS/APP mice (Falangola et al, 2005).","Surprisingly, Ab deposits in the thalamus after MCAO did not contain metals typical to senile plaques (Lovell et al, 1998; Falangola et al, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1175182880,"citingcorpusid":123126921,"citedcorpusid":10171026,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many studies have shown that an iterative self-organizing data analysis technique (ISODATA) is a useful unsupervised approach for vegetation classification when a priori information is scarce, expensive, unclear, or unsuitable, and thus an unsupervised method can play a significant role in obtaining a vegetation map.(65,66) The ISODATA technique is a statistical clustering method that has refinements that use splitting and merging algorithms based on Euclidean distance (DE), which is the distance between two pixels within an image."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3898921940,"citingcorpusid":117628439,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["If also Y (0 - Y Y - 0) is a filtered module, a map )\"X -- Y is a pair of mps :X -- Y, ?/’ :X\" ---+ Y\" such that These constitute, in an obvious way, a graded category F which may be given an abelian structure [1]; we shall not however make any use of this structure here."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":72098913,"citingcorpusid":3792291,"citedcorpusid":16463530,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and Beloniformes, in which primary spermatogonia occurred only in the peripheral areas of the testis lobes (Grier, 1981; Parenti and Grier, 2004; Emel’yanova et al., 2013, 2015; Uribe et al., 2014), in walleye pollock, it was possible to distinguish the average type of the spatial distribution…"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1314719211,"citingcorpusid":3792291,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Gonads samples were embedded in paraffin, cut into 2–3 μm sections, and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin (Roskin, 1951; Mikodina et al., 2009)."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":3813671258,"citingcorpusid":248905289,"citedcorpusid":143595145,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In some studies, participants expressed that they were not taken seriously by their academic colleagues (Nixon, 2017) with their perspectives viewed of lesser status compared to men (Trahar, 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1543869825,"citingcorpusid":125369068,"citedcorpusid":208919402,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["C bond lengths observed in the\nregion of 1.378–1.399 Å (Samshuddin et al. 2012) have been cal-\nculated at the range of 1.390–1.410 Å for B3LYP level and 1.386–\n1.406Å for HSEh1PBE level.","The\nN1–C3–C2 and N1–C3–C4 bond angles observed as 118.73° and\n118.61° (Samshuddin et al. 2012) have been also calculated as\n118.79 and 118.83 for B3LYP, 118.75 and 118.80 for HSEh1PBE\nlevels.","The C7=C8 and C10=C11 bond\nlengths are observed as 1.332, 1.333 Å (Samshuddin et al. 2012).","=O bond lengths (B3LYP\n/XRD) are 1.2308/1.2287Å which are in agreement with reported\nvalues (Samshuddin et al. 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":1429830100,"citingcorpusid":53419526,"citedcorpusid":14535050,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1991; Ichniowski 1986; Katz, Kochan, and Weber 1985). More recently, Hoffer-Gittel (2009)","In addition, a series of studies of unionized workplaces found associations between patterns of practices related to HIWS and the functioning of grievance procedures (CutcherGershenfeld 1991; Ichniowski 1986; Katz, Kochan, and Weber 1985).","…between adversarial patterns of workplace industrial relations, including high grievance rates, as well as high rates of discipline and absenteeism, and poor organizational performance (Ichniowski 1986; Katz, Kochan, and Gobeille 1983; Katz, Kochan, and Weber 1985; Norsworthy and Zabala 1985)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":543446508,"citingcorpusid":52897490,"citedcorpusid":7418553,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several markers and processes have revealed the alteration of endothelial function, such as elevated plasma levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), or cellular adhesion molecules [18–20]; impaired flow-mediated vasodilatation of the brachial artery [21]; altered forearm blood flow or vasodilatation in the forearm skin [22]; and the presence of retinal arteriolar narrowing [23]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":370053252,"citingcorpusid":28962458,"citedcorpusid":7418553,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This would clearly underscore the differences in endothelial function between various vasculatures, because in the forearm vasculature even insulin resistance in the presence of a family history of type 2 diabetes causes impaired endotheliumdependent vasodilation (23)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2814516913,"citingcorpusid":221377622,"citedcorpusid":58588304,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Plasticizers can leach from food packing, particularly from plastic containers [25] including polyvinyl chloride film (food wrap) and polypropylene capsules [24].","Furthermore, plasticizers including BP were evident in plastic capsule coffee [24], which is consistent with the results of our study."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":1698130234,"citingcorpusid":198133451,"citedcorpusid":20463518,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The PDA detector wavelength was set at 478 nm for Sudan I and Sudan II, and at 520 nm for Sudan III and Sudan IV (Jiang et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2013).","This resulted from acetonitrile’s high polarity and elution power (Jiang et al., 2012).","In summary, the developed extraction method was accurate and had satisfactory reproducibility (Jiang et al., 2012).","The LOD and LOQ values of the four Sudan dyes of interested were determined to be within the range of 0.26–2.33 and 0.83–7.69 µg·kg−1, respectively, suggesting good sensitivity of the proposed method (Jiang et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2013).","3b shows that the peak areas of the Sudan I, II, and III increased with longer desorption time (from 2 to 6min), which was reasonable as the longer desorption time allowed for more desorption to occur and reach equilibrium (dos Reis et al., 2017; Jiang et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1050039199,"citingcorpusid":113912771,"citedcorpusid":60607278,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["As users do not like being beginners, they either become intermediates very fast or quit (Cooper et al., 2014).","To give the user an structured and organized experience of the interface, all the elements belonging to the same group should be aligned both horizontally and vertically (Cooper et al., 2014).","Interaction design is a relatively new discipline, which have transformed how products are appreciated and what is relevant for the users (Cooper et al., 2014).","Cooper et al. (2014) strengthen this by saying it is beneficial that these two disciplines (industrial design and interaction design) join forces when the outcome will have a physical form, and even a necessity if it ends up being a handheld device.","They also recommend to accommodate beginners and experts without disfavor the intermediacy, and a way to make users learn better is to make them understand the cause and effect of the actions they do (Cooper et al., 2014).","Interaction design is a relatively new discipline, which have transformed how products are appreciated and what is relevant for the users (Cooper et al., 2014). Cooper et al. (2014) defines interaction design as “.","Interaction design is a relatively new discipline, which have transformed how products are appreciated and what is relevant for the users (Cooper et al., 2014). Cooper et al. (2014) defines interaction design as “...the practice of designing interactive digital products, environments, systems and services.” (p. xxvii). They also mention that interaction design applies theories and techniques from disciplines like: design, usability and engineering; in conjunction with its own methods, to understand and know what users really want. Further more, Cooper et al. (2014) state that interaction design is the only discipline that focuses on the design of behavior of complex interactive systems, and how that behavior relates to the form and content of a product.","Even though Industrial Design discipline has given more relevance to form, the participation of this field in creating interactive products in the last couple of years has increased noticeably (Cooper et al., 2014).","Cooper et al. (2014) recommend that the most important and frequently used functions and controls should be placed in the most used and obvious locations, to facilitate the user’s navigation.","Cooper et al. (2014) recommend that the most important and frequently used functions and controls should be placed in the most used and obvious locations, to facilitate the user’s navigation. Cooper et al. (2014) also state that less used functions should be moved deeper into the interface to avoid that the users stumble over them."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1585500405,"citingcorpusid":27317652,"citedcorpusid":7965415,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[4] It can be recognized from previous studies that some risk factors may predispose tumor development including primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), Liver flukes, congenital abnormalities and also viral hepatitis B and C.[5-7] In the case of end-stage disease with local invasion and distant metastasis the only reasonable procedure suggested is palliative drainage which can mainly improve the quality of life and increase the survival period after the operation."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1593179246,"citingcorpusid":91185847,"citedcorpusid":7535008,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Basic approaches to trace recognition are: convolutional Networks [4], deep neural networks [5], using of various filters [6] (Laplacian Filter, Sobel Filter, Gaussian Low Pass Filter, Gaussian High Pass Filter et al.) and veivlets [4, 7].","In [4] convolution networks are used for ridge lines direction estimate.","Basic approaches to trace recognition are: convolutional Networks [4], deep neural networks [5], using of various filters [6] (Laplacian Filter, Sobel Filter, Gaussian Low Pass Filter, Gaussian High Pass Filter et al."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2580738408,"citingcorpusid":132709375,"citedcorpusid":15362144,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3347591167,"citingcorpusid":235078056,"citedcorpusid":15501656,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The platform will act as the vendor for encryption and decryption while users are free to choose their medium of apps to share the encrypted file with recipient for decryption [3]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":498994264,"citingcorpusid":6037782,"citedcorpusid":35827032,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1703798533,"citingcorpusid":207069243,"citedcorpusid":22798672,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…neural precursors, various types of neurons (Amoroso et al., 2013; Boulting et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2014; Dimos et al., 2008; Ebert et al., 2009; Karumbayaram et al., 2009; Naujock et al., 2014; Qu et al., 2014; Sareen et al., 2012) or astrocytes (Haidet-Phillips et al., 2011; Re et al., 2014)…","Third, the proportion of diseaserelevant motor neuron subtypes remains most often undetermined in human iPSc-derived cultures (Bilican et al., 2012; Boulting et al., 2011; Egawa et al., 2012; Hester et al., 2011; Karumbayaram et al., 2009; Mitne-Neto et al., 2011; Qu et al., 2014; Serio et al., 2013) but see Amoroso et al.","Fourth, the presence of unwanted cell types such as neural precursors, various types of neurons (Amoroso et al., 2013; Boulting et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2014; Dimos et al., 2008; Ebert et al., 2009; Karumbayaram et al., 2009; Naujock et al., 2014; Qu et al., 2014; Sareen et al., 2012) or astrocytes (Haidet-Phillips et al.","…motor neuron subtypes remains most often undetermined in human iPSc-derived cultures (Bilican et al., 2012; Boulting et al., 2011; Egawa et al., 2012; Hester et al., 2011; Karumbayaram et al., 2009; Mitne-Neto et al., 2011; Qu et al., 2014; Serio et al., 2013) but see Amoroso et al. (2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3386981192,"citingcorpusid":207788317,"citedcorpusid":46685490,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Studies have reported a correlation between a higher body mass index and larger prostate volume (PV) and greater frequency of prostatic inflammation.(34,35) Moreover, these studies reported a positive correlation between metabolic disorders and the size of PC.","Moreover, these studies reported a positive correlation between metabolic disorders and the size of PC.(34,35) Alkaptonuria, a rare metabolic disorder, was reported to be associated with the presence of large PC."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3543380657,"citingcorpusid":128913692,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It is intriguing that Bond et al. (2001) found a correlation between periods of reduced solar irradiance, as inferred from cosmogenic isotope records, and the timing of centennial-scale Holocene anomalies, including those events that coincide with a meltwater pulse (i.e. at 11.1, 10.3 and 8.2 kyr cal BP, Nesje et al., 2004).","The freshwater pulses were released in the Labrador Sea, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the 8.2 kyr cal BP event is associated with the final stages of the Laurentide ice sheet (e.g., Barber et al., 1999; Nesje et al., 2004).","Adding realistic freshwater pulses to the Labrador Sea is also able to trigger centennial-scale cooling events with temperature anomalies resembling proxy evidence for the cooling event at 8.2 kyrBP, suggesting that freshwater forcing is a valid explanation for early Holocene cooling events. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd.","…et al. (2001) found a correlation between periods of reduced solar irradiance, as inferred from cosmogenic isotope records, and the timing of centennial-scale Holocene anomalies, including those events that coincide with a meltwater pulse (i.e. at 11.1, 10.3 and 8.2 kyr cal BP, Nesje et al., 2004).","Most authors appear to favour reductions in solar irradiance as the main trigger (e.g., Denton and Karlén, 1973; Magny, 1993a, b; van Geel and Renssen, 1998; Bond et al., 2001; van der Plicht et al., 2004), except for some events early in the Holocene that have been linked to meltwater releases associated with the final deglaciation stages (e.g., the events around 10.3 and 8.2 kyr cal BP, von Grafenstein et al., 1998; Barber et al., 1999; Renssen et al., 2001; Nesje et al., 2004).","In addition, two earlier cooling phases around 11.1 kyr cal BP (Preboreal Oscillation) and 10.3 kyr cal BP (Erdalen event) have been linked to outbursts of meltwater into the Atlantic Ocean (e.g., Nesje et al., 2004).","Hence, possibly this stratospheric feedback is an essential element of the mechanism behind Holocene cooling events that are linked to solar forcing (e.g., the event at 2.8 kyr cal BP, van Geel et al., 1996, 1998, 2000; or the ‘Little Ice Age’, Shindell et al., 2001a; Mauquoy et al., 2002).","…et al., 2004), except for some events early in the Holocene that have been linked to meltwater releases associated with the final deglaciation stages (e.g., the events around 10.3 and 8.2 kyr cal BP, von Grafenstein et al., 1998; Barber et al., 1999; Renssen et al., 2001; Nesje et al., 2004)."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":456797757,"citingcorpusid":34285888,"citedcorpusid":119766410,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["By contrast, many authors [8, 9, 4, 10] identify","The risk of coupled flutter is significant if the torsional natural frequency is only slightly larger than the vertical natural frequency, which is usually the case of long-span bridge decks [4]."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1993904998,"citingcorpusid":215405051,"citedcorpusid":8039765,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…the use of tense and complex utterances to structure temporal and causal relationships (GutiérrezClellen & Heinrich-Ramos, 1993), deictic reference (Bedore & Leonard, 2001), and the use of elaboration in noun phrases via the use of prepositions, adjectives, and adjective agreement to provide…"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1993904722,"citingcorpusid":215405051,"citedcorpusid":144132571,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Intervention strategies included a metacognitive approach adapted through embedded mediated learning experiences (Lidz, 1997) and explicit instruction."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":933199469,"citingcorpusid":43704281,"citedcorpusid":120410978,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Up operator is used in the theory of harmonic weak Maass forms to “shed” the non-holomorphic part [19] and in studying class polynomials [4]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3999741408,"citingcorpusid":215405051,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Unit themes Lesson Book Book type Grammatical targets\nFamily, feelings, and communication\n1–2 Gorilas/Gorillas (Freed, n.d.) Expository • subject- and object-specific nouns (noun phrases)\n• agreement of adjectives in subject noun phrases\n3–5 Mi Propio Cuartito/My Very Own Room (Perez, 2000)\nNarrative • adjective + noun agreement with 2 adjectives\nEnvironments and habitats\n6–7 Animales del Océano/Ocean Animals (Freed, 2002)\nExpository • prepositions • agreement of adjectives in noun\nphrases 8–10 El Pinguino Taky/Taky the Penguin\n(H. Lester & Munsinger, 2001) Narrative • preterite and imperfect\n• prepositions Animal life cycles 11–12 Ciclo Vital de los Insectos/Insect Life Cycle\n(Jensen, 2002) Expository • adjective + noun agreement with\n2 adjectives • adjective + noun phrases with\ngender agreement 13–15 Mariposas en la Calle Carmen/Butterflies\non Carmen Street (Brown, 2007) Narrative • present verb tense –ar, –ir, and\n–er endings Flight 16–17 Todo sobre Papalotes/All About Kites\n(Austin, 2003) Expository • prepositions\n• using elaborated noun phrases 18–19 El Papalote de Lupita/Lupita’s Papalote\n(Ruiz-Flores, 2001) Narrative • prepositions\n• preterite and imperfect Plants and harvest 20–21 ¿Qué nos dan las plantas?","…Expository • subject- and object-specific nouns (noun phrases)\n• agreement of adjectives in subject noun phrases\n3–5 Mi Propio Cuartito/My Very Own Room (Perez, 2000)\nNarrative • adjective + noun agreement with 2 adjectives\nEnvironments and habitats\n6–7 Animales del Océano/Ocean Animals (Freed,…"],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3985254194,"citingcorpusid":253729501,"citedcorpusid":236934498,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The studies by Chen et al.21 and Li Bassi et al.22 also confirmed that amikacin is relatively stable against aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes produced by intestinal Gram-negative bacteria, will not lose antibacterial activity due to enzyme passivation, and has strong antibacterial effect."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":1637698631,"citingcorpusid":15404160,"citedcorpusid":205180169,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ACL surgery has been established as a procedure that provides nearly normal restoration of knee function and marked improvement in quality of life assessments.(13,22) Our hypothesis was that 2 years after ligament reconstruction surgery, patients with a PCL injury benefit as much from surgery as patients with an ACL injury, as measured by the KOOS knee function score."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1632615450,"citingcorpusid":52157184,"citedcorpusid":205180169,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Thirty-seven subjects received a hamstring tendon autograft for ACL reconstruction and the ensuing hamstring weakness was not unexpected [21].","This weakness is associated with greater limb asymmetries in hop distance and poor self-reported function [32], and seems greater for patellar tendon than hamstring tendon autografts [21].","Five patients where operated using the patellar tendon instead of the hamstring tendon as autograft which could have negatively influenced the overall quadriceps MVC results [21]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3280559096,"citingcorpusid":232055761,"citedcorpusid":4818289,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["6 anti-inflammatory adipokine derived from adipocytes which helps to maintain the peripheral glucose and lipid homeostasis; it can also promote function and survival of beta cells [2, 8, 20, 31].","Several investigators have reported the use of adipokines as potential biomarkers for the prediction of the IR and therefore the cardiometabolic risk [3, 4, 6, 14, 20, 24].","These results are consistent with previous studies that reported that hypoadiponectinemia was associated with an Increase in IR [8, 18, 20, 30].","These results are consistent with those of other authors who have shown that systemic concentrations of TNFα and CRPhs were associated with IR and with obesity [2, 8, 12, 20, 21].","The latter can be explained by the fact that most cytokines have a common source, operate in loop and maintain an action mutual antagonist [2, 20]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1573787531,"citingcorpusid":21218973,"citedcorpusid":4818289,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Nevertheless, IKK activation requires ubiquitination, and both IL-1b and TNFa play roles in diverse pathways in the highly complex process [40].","Given that TNFa as a central player within a complicated network of cytokines regulates not only proinflammatory responses but also processes as diverse as cellular communication, cell differentiation, apoptosis and necroptosis [14], the possibility of apoptosis-promoting caused by honokiol in GCRVinfected cells may be investigated in the following research.","However, honokiol was more efficient to motivate NF-kB (17.57-fold, P   0.05) and TNFa (52.92-fold, P   0.01).","Differently, honokiol strikingly motivated not only the expression of IL-1b, but also those of tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa) and NF-kB.","In the innate immune system, the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are documented to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) of microbial pathogens to initiate the immune responses [11], which initiates intracellular signaling cascades to activate interferons (IFNs), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin (IL) and tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa) [12].","NF-kB is normally sequestered in the cytosol through associationwith a member of the IkB family proteins; stimulation of cells with many different agents, including microbial pathogens and inflammatory cytokines, leads to the rapid phosphorylation of IkB by IKK ultimately allowing NF-kB to translocate to the nucleus to regulate a plethora of target genes, such as cell survival genes, proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and TNFa [14,39,40].","To this end, the expression levels of certain immune-related genes including myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) (GenBank accession numbers: FJ843088), IFN-b promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1) (GQ483645), IFN regulatory factor (IRF)3 (KC898261), IRF7 (GQ141741), IFN-I (DQ357216), Myxovirus resistance (Mx)1 (HQ245104), NF-kB (not published), TNFa (JQ670915), IL-1b (JX014320) and IL-8 (JN255694) (Fig.","Analogous to the previous studies, honokiol strikingly motivated IL-1b, TNFa and NF-kB, which likely reinforced the host innate antiviral response to GCRV infection.","Regrettably, TNFa and NFkB seemed insensitive to the treatment with magnolol.","Therefore, the activation of TNFa and NF-kB could be correlated with each other in the infected cells treated with magnolol."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1651449705,"citingcorpusid":207274344,"citedcorpusid":15686455,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although a variety of environmental and chemical exposures have been suggested to play a role in the disease, ionizing radiation remains to be the sole environmental risk factor established to date (Belson et al. 2007; Eden 2010), and generally accepted associations could explain only 10 % of childhood leukemia incidence (Ichimaru et al.","…have been suggested to play a role in the disease, ionizing radiation remains to be the sole environmental risk factor established to date (Belson et al. 2007; Eden 2010), and generally accepted associations could explain only 10 % of childhood leukemia incidence (Ichimaru et al. 1978),…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3817066309,"citingcorpusid":33668122,"citedcorpusid":4818289,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recently, acute side effects of bleomycin were related to tumor necrosis factor-α,8 a cytokine that induces a procoagulant effect in blood vessels by increasing tissue-factor and tissue plasminogen– activator inhibitor production and by decreasing endothelial thrombomodulin and protein C activation.(9) In our patient, a histologic examination GANGRENE OF THE FINGERTIPS"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1807431309,"citingcorpusid":130886077,"citedcorpusid":129391950,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Applications of detrital geochronology encompass questions of sediment provenance, sediment budgets, correlations between sedimentary units, and determinations of depo si tional age (e.g., Gehrels, 2012; Vermeesch, 2012).","It also highlights the need for quantitative techniques able to evaluate and compare multiple large data sets while still representing the uncertainty present in the data sets and the variability inherent in sampling a multimodal population (Andersen, 2005; Gehrels, 2012; Satkoski et al., 2013).","…procedure introduced into the geochronological literature in the 1980s (Jessberger et al., 1980; Hurford et al., 1984; Dodson et al., 1988) and widely adopted to produce PDPs (alternatively termed probability density distributions; Brandon, 1996; Fedo et al., 2003; Sircombe, 2004; Gehrels, 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3471891778,"citingcorpusid":220074273,"citedcorpusid":4818289,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Selection of the LPS and drug doses was based on a former study (Baratz et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1807431284,"citingcorpusid":130886077,"citedcorpusid":131904675,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…geochronologyGEOSPHERE | Volume 12 | Number 1\ns a y l o r _ 0 1 2 3 7 2 n d p a g e s / 2 o f 1 8\nR2 values) coefficients lack a clear hypothesis test, but assess the degree of similarity between samples (Gehrels, 2000; Amidon et al., 2005a; Saylor et al., 2012; 2013; Satkoski et al., 2013).","Gehrels (2000) defined it as\nS = f (i)g(i) i=1 n∑ , (14)\nwhere f (i) and g(i) are the PDPs or KDEs and i are ages between 1 and n."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3418475259,"citingcorpusid":10877938,"citedcorpusid":4818289,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Studies carried out over more than five decades firmly established that gram-negative bacteria or components of their cell walls, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cause a nonspecific increase in resistance to infection (19, 22, 25) and, in addition, tumoricidal activities (14)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2901221249,"citingcorpusid":33969103,"citedcorpusid":4818289,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However, we clearly observed that inhibition of MEK1/2 (Green et al., 1994; Zhang et al., 2002) or PKA, using specific inhibitors, did not prevent the loss of TG in adipocytes incubated with FCCP, whereas it significantly prevented TG reduction in TNFα-treated cells (Fig.","the stimulation of lipolysis (Green et al., 1994), a process that","More particularly, MEK1/2 has been directly involved in the activation of PKA and subsequent phosphorylation of HSL."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3827838580,"citingcorpusid":250474750,"citedcorpusid":4818289,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…IE2, pp71, and UL26, further impairing the initial inflammatory response, the reason for the presence of a significant difference in the levels of interleukin concentration is the virus has many immunomodulating properties Immunomodulatory the response of the host to a viral infection (Chu,2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2891129694,"citingcorpusid":85334251,"citedcorpusid":4818289,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1951595574,"citingcorpusid":14292794,"citedcorpusid":6735959,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["nticipated changes in both context and system can be considered as uncertainties. Thus, when building adaptation mechanisms, one special concern is how to deal with these uncertainties. Baresi et al. [S9] proposed FLAGS and applied fuzzy theory and membership functions to turn the crisp satisfaction of requirements into fuzzy satisfaction. When context changes unexpectedly, system can be still in oper","niques. In this theme, monitoring relies on the gauged contextual variables and requirements models. For the first basic theme, Pasquale and Spoletini [S101] illustrated how to use the FLAGS language [S9] to express the requirements of service compositions and provided a technique to monitor them at runtime. Wang et al. [S102, S103] proposed to monitor satisfaction of requirements and diagnose what we","eb service and Internetware. Baresi et al. [S1, S2, S7] conducted a series of work on building adaptation mechanisms for service systems based on KAOS models and FL. The original idea can be found in [S9]. Adaptive services can adjust their behavior and satisfy resilient requirements through adding, removing and modify services. Besides, the specifications of goals are derived by extending LTL with fu","ective adaptation mechanisms Adaptation mechanisms for specific adaptive systems KAOS &amp; FL [S1, S2, S7], i* [S3-S6] 7 Quality attributes supported by adaptation mechanisms UML [S8], KAOS &amp; FL [S9], i* [S10] 3 RE perspectives for building adaptation mechanisms KAOS [S11, S15], BPM [S12], PF [S13], FM [14] 5 T1.2. Modeling requirements and related concerns Requirements models for specific adapti"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1141138695,"citingcorpusid":154936980,"citedcorpusid":6499334,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Middle class parents were more proactive, would provide needed resources for their children’s education and would challenge the school’s authority collectively while\nworking class and poor parents may do so, but would do so individually (Horvat et al, 2003).","Horvat et al (2003) found that parental networks differ dramatically by social class (not race) with social capital considerably more common in the middle class over the working class or poor parents.","Middle class parents involved professionals in their networks when they felt the need to intervene and used the professionals as resources to bring about a desired outcome for their children when problems arise such as the inappropriate behavior of a teacher (Horvat et al, 2003).","After researching these variables separately, Hoy et al (2006) determined that together, the three variables create a very positive academic environment which produces a very positive and potent force for learning, thus labeling the overall construct academic optimism (Hoy, 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3864523900,"citingcorpusid":245571939,"citedcorpusid":209797764,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["17 grams/head/day to the Padjadjaran Sheep [1].","The complete feed contains crude protein 15.14% and TDN 64.15%, resulting in a weight gain of 169.17 grams/head/day to the Padjadjaran Sheep [1]."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":3864523559,"citingcorpusid":245571939,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The supplementation of yeast culture (YC; Diamond V®YC) in Awassi lambs resulted in a better value of FCR [40].","Probiotics can improve digestion and feed FCR and body weight gain in small ruminants like goats and sheep [32].","The supplementation of 2 g of cyc-methionine/lamb/day showed a better value of FCR compared to control [41]."],"intents":[null,null,null]}
{"citationid":2774195277,"citingcorpusid":96264651,"citedcorpusid":96370550,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3983513288,"citingcorpusid":253700384,"citedcorpusid":42133198,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":835833732,"citingcorpusid":9653226,"citedcorpusid":17132495,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For example, it is simple to deal with a domain which consists of many components of different dimension (Green, 1995).","Calculations are straightforward, along the lines of Green (1995). Moving the light: Proposals for a newx, y position for the light are obtained by filtering the image.","Calculations are straightforward, along the lines of Green (1995). Moving the light: Proposals for a newx, y position for the light are obtained by filtering the image. We apply a filter whose kernel has the same shape as a typical specularity and a zero mean to the r , g andb components separately; the responses are divided by mean intensity, and the sum of squared responses is rescaled to form a proposal distribution. The kernel itself is obtained by averaging a large number of specularities obtained using draws from the prior on illuminant position. Using image data to construct proposal distributions appears to lead to quite efficient samplers; it is also quite generally applicable, as Zhu et al. (2000) (who call it “data driven MCMC”) point out.","It is known how to apply this algorithm when the domain of support is complicated (for example, samples may be drawn when the domain of support of the posterior consists of several different spaces of different dimensions, Green, 1995; Richardson and Green, 1997).","It is known how to apply this algorithm when the domain of support is complicated (for example, samples may be drawn when the domain of support of the posterior consists of several different spaces of different dimensions, Green, 1995; Richardson and Green, 1997). There are numerous variants to the basic algorithm, some of which combine deterministic dynamics with random search in the hope of better mixing (e.g. see the review in Neal (1993)).","Calculations are straightforward, along the lines of Green (1995).","It is known how to apply this algorithm when the domain of support is complicated (for example, samples may be drawn when the domain of support of the posterior consists of several different spaces of different dimensions, Green, 1995; Richardson and Green, 1997). There are numerous variants to the basic algorithm, some of which combine deterministic dynamics with random search in the hope of better mixing (e.g. see the review in Neal (1993)). The advantage of viewing Metropolis-Hastings algorithms as a souped up hypothesize and test process is that it suggests how to build proposal mechanisms. A natural strategy is to take current vision algorithms and make them produce probabilistic outputs. This approach is illustrated in Section 3.2; Zhu et al. (2000) have used it successfully for some recognition problems.","A natural improvement would be the random polygon tesselation of Green (1996). • A spatial model of illumination: for the work described in this paper, we assume that there is a single point source whose position is uniformly distributed within a volume around the viewed surface."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1650816356,"citingcorpusid":9653226,"citedcorpusid":38426803,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…reflections (Lee, 1986); constant average reflectance (Buchsbaum, 1980); illuminant spatial frequency (Land and McCann, 1971); low-dimensional families of surfaces (Maloney and Wandell, 1986) and physical constraints on reflectance and illumination coefficients (Forsyth, 1990; Finlayson, 1996)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1018276945,"citingcorpusid":59931794,"citedcorpusid":86540085,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In the state of Rondonia, Brazil, the climate was humid tropical, with an annual precipitation of 2,200 mm and a dry season from Jun to Sep annual mean temperature was 25.5 °C with a seasonal variation less than 5 °C.","Our results did not agree with those obtained in these ecosystems (Fernandes et al., 2002; Garcia-Montiel et al., 2004).","…use the average of the measurements taken early in the morning (6h00 to 9h00) as the minimum values and the measurements taken at the beginning of the afternoon (14h00 to 15h00) as the maximum values (Larionova et al., 1989; Fernandes et al., 2002; Garcia-Montiel et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2014).","24-h mean, while others use the average of the measurements taken early in the morning (6h00 to 9h00) as the minimum values and the measurements taken at the beginning of the afternoon (14h00 to 15h00) as the maximum values (Larionova et al., 1989; Fernandes et al., 2002; Garcia-Montiel et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2014).","In seven forests located in Rondônia, Garcia-Montiel et al. (2004) measured the SR in the early morning (between 06h00-09h00) and in the afternoon (14h00-15h00)."],"intents":[null,["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3452225624,"citingcorpusid":237418772,"citedcorpusid":4243146,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The reality of multiple nested timescales minimizes pressure to pick “the” “right” timescale because any single timescale is limited in its explanatory value for developmental change when considered in isolation (Thelen and Smith, 1994; Spencer et al., 2011).","…distributions of everyday parameters encountered across learners will also inspire new routes to understanding individualized developmental pathways by combating failures of imagination due to traditional one-size-fits-all training protocols (e.g., Thelen and Smith, 1994; Samuelson, 2021).","—the reality is that briefer timescales are always nested within more extended timescales and attention, memory, and learning mechanisms operate over multiple timescales as infants build knowledge (Thelen and Smith, 1994)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1820296926,"citingcorpusid":41034250,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The adsorption of oral bacteria to the resin composite is mediated by the adsorbed proteins [11,12].","After the composite is exposed in the oral cavity, proteins are adsorbed onto its surface, which serve as a prerequisite for bacteria attachment [11,12]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":951168934,"citingcorpusid":46529540,"citedcorpusid":28762588,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["kinase domain has been frequently detected in CBF-AML, particularly in inv(16) patients [2–7% in t(8;21) AML and 6–24% in inv(16) AML] [62, 66, 67]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2828894784,"citingcorpusid":221126831,"citedcorpusid":28287262,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Clinician assessors must assess capacity similarly to other medical interventions, which vary jurisdictionally, but which can generally be categorized into 4 pillars described in a seminal paper by Applebaum (21): Patients must understand the relevant medical information; they must engage in a rational process of manipulating the information; they must appreciate the situation, the condition and its consequences; and they must demonstrate a clear and consistent choice."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":104164652,"citingcorpusid":7679782,"citedcorpusid":34329071,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Voraussetzung dazu ist freilich ein gutes Wissensmanagementsystem, wie in Maurer und Tochtermann [5] erläutert und wie ja als z. B. Hyperwave [6] weitgehend ausgereift verfügbar.","Voraussetzung dazu ist freilich ein gutes Wissensmanagementsystem, wie in Maurer und Tochtermann [5] erläutert und wie ja als z.","Maurer, H., Tochtermann, K.: On a New Powerful Model for Knowledge Management and its Applications."],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1531855105,"citingcorpusid":33074908,"citedcorpusid":2561320,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In recent years, there has been increasing interests to identify DNA methylation markers that exhibit differential variability (DVCs) in cancer epigenomics (Hansen et al., 2011; Jaffe et al., 2012; Teschendorff and Widschwendter, 2012) and obesity (Xu et al."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1647761191,"citingcorpusid":55806467,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The six-year pharmacy education program in Japan set forth Specific Behavioural Objectives in communication in the Pharmacy Education Model Core Curriculum proposed by the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan in August 2002, as well as in the Advanced Pharmacy Practical Experiences (APPEs) Model Core Curriculum proposed by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in February 2004.","It was found that the communication skills of pharmacy students are better than those before APPEs (Otori et al., 2011; Kurono et al., 2012).","APPEs of pharmacies at hospitals and community pharmacies have been performed since 2010."],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3887666564,"citingcorpusid":110690557,"citedcorpusid":109189989,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Mural Wall also included QR codes that linked to a wordpress site that included more information about the research project such as ethical clearance, survey and social media links, and research team information (Caldwell et al. 2013).","…Australia Dr. Ben Kraal Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia\nGuerrilla Research Tactics (GRT) involves the use of unexpected design interventions to actively engage participants in the co-creation of data within the urban fabric (Caldwell et al. 2013; Caldwell et al. 2014).","Mural Wall was a hybrid adaptation of PTL, which was used to engage with the public to question their preference for design ideas of a third place for an underutilised railway underpass (Caldwell et al. 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1137299045,"citingcorpusid":151289748,"citedcorpusid":145511971,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3331590641,"citingcorpusid":233987808,"citedcorpusid":12699473,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["tive has been studied in relationship to politicians and leadership quality [4, 33, 57, 59], and while not every power-motivated individual might strive to lead or guide others, a certain appearance is instrumental when striving for a power position [25]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":439312859,"citingcorpusid":8021009,"citedcorpusid":578323,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For comparison, we use the recently proposed Pareto-optimal LDPC codes [11], which show the best tradeoff between threshold and decoding complexity.","We verify that the polar codes with list+CRC decoding can outperform the recent LDPC codes [11] for latency-constrained lightwave systems when the block length is shorter than 3000 bits."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":1085115439,"citingcorpusid":130847210,"citedcorpusid":56226020,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Previous work derived a model concerning the lofting of lunar dust grains, where lofting is defined as the ballistic ejection of micron and sub-micron sized dust grains to altitudes > 100 m [Stubbs et al., 2006].","…both the required conditions and subsequent dynamics\n13\nof electrostatically charged lunar dust grains in a variety of environments [Nitter and Havnes, 1992; Nitter et al., 1994, 1998; Borisov and Mall , 2006; Stubbs et al., 2006], these processes are not yet fully understood for the lunar surface.","Non-monotonic potentials above airless surfaces will also impact the study of electrostatic charging and transport of dust grains and should be taken into account in any models thereof [Ip, 1986; Colwell et al., 2005; Stubbs et al., 2006; Colwell et al., 2009; Poppe and Horányi , 2010].","of electrostatically charged lunar dust grains in a variety of environments [Nitter and Havnes, 1992; Nitter et al., 1994, 1998; Borisov and Mall , 2006; Stubbs et al., 2006], these processes are not yet fully understood for the lunar surface.","…dynamics and equilibria of charged and levitated dust particles above the lunar sur-\nface have been previously studied by a number of other models [Nitter and Havnes, 1992; Nitter et al., 1994, 1998; Colwell et al., 2005; Borisov and Mall , 2006; Stubbs et al., 2006; Farrell et al., 2007].","Non-monotonic potentials above airless surfaces will also impact the study of electrostatic charging and transport of dust grains and should be taken into account in any models thereof [Ip, 1986; Colwell et al., 2005; Stubbs et al., 2006; Colwell et al., 2009; Poppe and Horányi , 2010].","The dynamics and equilibria of charged and levitated dust particles above the lunar surface have been previously studied by a number of other models [Nitter and Havnes, 1992; Nitter et al., 1994, 1998; Colwell et al., 2005; Borisov and Mall , 2006; Stubbs et al., 2006; Farrell et al., 2007]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1085115497,"citingcorpusid":130847210,"citedcorpusid":56361969,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Previous work has\n84\nshown that the plasma sheet ion temperature can range up to approximately ten times the electron temperature at lunar distances [Slavin et al., 1985], and preliminary modeling, shown in Figure 4.5 has shown that this may have a small effect on the potential structure.","Both solar wind ions and electrons are modeled as Maxwellians with kTsw = 10 eV with a drift speed of vd = 4 × 105 m/s.","In-situ measurements of a variety of space plasmas, including the solar wind and the terrestrial geomagnetic tail and plasma sheet, have shown that electron distributions are best represented by κ-distributions, rather than Maxwellians [Vasyliunas, 1971; Slavin et al., 1985; Christon et al., 1988, 1989; Halekas et al., 2005b].","…of space plasmas, including the solar wind and the terrestrial geomagnetic tail and plasma sheet, have shown that electron distributions are best represented by κ-distributions, rather than Maxwellians [Vasyliunas, 1971; Slavin et al., 1985; Christon et al., 1988, 1989; Halekas et al., 2005b].","shown that the plasma sheet ion temperature can range up to approximately ten times the electron temperature at lunar distances [Slavin et al., 1985], and preliminary modeling, shown in Figure 4.","Similar to Nitter et al. [1998], we assume the following conditions for our analysis of Maxwellian\nphotoelectron sheaths:\n(1) the ions form a cold, supersonic beam with drift velocity, vd, large enough to overcome any\nelectrostatic potential barriers (vd ≫ √ qVo/mi);\n(2) the photoelectrons and solar wind electrons are half-Maxwellians with temperature, Tph\nand Tsw, respectively;\n(3) the plasma is quasi-neutral at infinity;\n(4) the sheath is in a steady-state with no net current flow;\n(5) the sheath electric field is zero at infinity; and,\n50\n(6) the sheath solutions are either monotonically positive or non-monotonic."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":2523507757,"citingcorpusid":130847210,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some areas of strong surface remanent magnetic fields have been associated with lunar swirls, which are areas of anomalous surface albedo [Hood and Williams, 1989; Hood et al., 2001; Kurata et al., 2005; Blewett et al., 2007, 2011] and one theory of lunar swirl formation states that differential surface albedo between swirl and non-swirl areas is due to the shielding of solar wind protons from swirl regions.","…magnetic fields have been associated with lunar swirls, which are areas of anomalous surface albedo [Hood and Williams, 1989; Hood et al., 2001; Kurata et al., 2005; Blewett et al., 2007, 2011] and one theory of lunar swirl formation states that differential surface albedo between swirl and…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1703962709,"citingcorpusid":820380,"citedcorpusid":207245080,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Removal of the IO from the olivocerebellar loop changes the physiology of olivary cells (Chorev et al., 2007; Khosrovani et al., 2007; Bracha et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4116636132,"citingcorpusid":258884249,"citedcorpusid":29669629,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Previous studies have also reported higher levels of lipid peroxidation products such as oxLDL and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in patients with NASH than their respective controls (21,22)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2428685289,"citingcorpusid":143990878,"citedcorpusid":45994441,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although the literature implicates disaffected ancestors and the lack of adherence to certain propitiatory rituals as predisposing factors in bewitchment (Burhmann, 1982), none ofthe participants mentioned ancestors as part of their experience of bewitchment."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2642663671,"citingcorpusid":143990878,"citedcorpusid":143257668,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While noting the ideological objections to these potentially limiting and overinclusive terms (Niehaus, 2000; Swartz, 1986), and being alive to their pejorative usage in the past, for the purposes ofthis article these terms give substance to the phenomenon under investigation and place it within a…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":29572776,"citingcorpusid":14459107,"citedcorpusid":39061076,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Less well known is that complement is crucial for antibody responses to both thymus dependent and thymus independent antigens (reviewed in [1,2,3]) as first demonstrated when mice depleted of C3 by treatment with cobra venom factor proved to have a severely impaired antibody response [4]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3896074715,"citingcorpusid":251893347,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Arulmozhi and Ramanujam (1997) conducted in vitro culture studies on Solanum trilobatum L. with foliar and stem explants on MS medium containing IAA, BAP and KIN combinations."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":29572630,"citingcorpusid":14459107,"citedcorpusid":35256900,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In lymph nodes, CR1/2 B cells play a role in transporting IgG-complexed antigen to FDCs [35,36].","CR1/2 on B cells are important for B cell signaling in vitro [30,31], for the transport of IgG-antigen complexes from the subcapsular sinus into lymph node follicles [35,36], and for the transport of IgM-antigen complexes into the spleen follicles [34,48]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":29572773,"citingcorpusid":14459107,"citedcorpusid":27275037,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This interpretation is compatible with the observations that IgMmediated enhancement of antibody responses is dependent on the ability of IgM to activate complement [20,21] and that it is paralleled by an increased antigen concentration in the spleen [17].","IgM-mediated enhancement is dependent on the ability of IgM to activate complement [20,21] and does not operate in C3-depleted or Cr2 mice [21,47].","As mentioned in the introduction, antigen-specific IgM administered with its antigen can feedback enhance the antibody response to this antigen [16,18,20,21].","of IgM depends on its ability to activate complement [20,21] but enhancement is unperturbed in mice lacking the lytic pathway of complement activation owing to lack of factor C5 [21], excluding that increased lysis of antigen explains the immunostimulatory effect of IgM."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":179625150,"citingcorpusid":22045568,"citedcorpusid":24824557,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["nificant, these symptom cluster results should occur commonly in patients and provide practical insights in symptom management.(9) Symptom cluster stability over time is also valuable for the development of effective symptommanagement interventions.","Aside from PCA, two other analytical methods often used in symptom cluster research are hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA).(9) These two statistical methods serve well to capture the nature of symptom clusters as an assembly of concurrent and related symptoms."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":305516128,"citingcorpusid":19785157,"citedcorpusid":24824557,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As a result, symptom experience research has shifted from a traditional single symptom approach to a more inclusive method that focuses on symptom clusters [3].","There is currently an abundance of research in oncology in both identifying and verifying the presence of symptom clusters [3].","Increasing accuracy in symptom cluster studies is a promising area of research for developing new cancer treatment strategies, as proven by previous studies reporting the prognostic effect of multiple concurrent symptoms on functional status and quality of life [3, 20, 21]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2646006433,"citingcorpusid":110860155,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["1 shows the equivalent circuit as adopted by Watson [14].","Apart from this, [14] developed the simple most approach to describe the autonomous and parallel operation of self excited induction generators.","In this paper an attempt has been made to incorporate the unjustified assumptions in an existing (Watson’s) model.","Fig.1 shows the per phase equivalent circuit representation for self-excited induction generator, as adopted by Watson [14].","[14] D.B. Watson and I.P. Milner, Autonomous and parallel operation of self excited induction generator for lighting loads in remote areas, Int.","In the present paper an attempt has been made to improve the results of [14] with few modifications but without loosing the simplicity of the approach.","Simplicity is the main attraction of Watson’s [14] model."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],null,null,null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":916211872,"citingcorpusid":35288106,"citedcorpusid":34195259,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In 1 study of dogs, BW was not associated with cTnI concentration, but the dogs in that study all were of small breeds, and an association between these variables may have been obscured.(40) One possible explanation for increased cTnI concentrations in larger dogs may be that their larger hearts release higher amounts of cTnI.","This finding is in agreement with earlier studies of cTnI in dogs and humans.(31,40,80,81) Systolic blood pressure was another independent predictor of cTnI concentration in our study.","Cardiac remodeling previously has been suggested to be associated with cardiac release of cTnI in dogs with MMVD.(40) Concentrations of cTnI in dogs in our study generally were quite low.","Also, cardiac remodeling, which begins early in humans with CKD, might contribute to increased cTnI concentrations.70 Cardiac remodeling previously has been suggested to be associated with cardiac release of cTnI in dogs with MMVD.40 Concentrations of cTnI in dogs in our study\ngenerally were quite low."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":829751793,"citingcorpusid":8996711,"citedcorpusid":25201563,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although these techniques are traditionally used in spiritual contexts, there is a growing trend in using them as a form of alternative therapy (Astin et al., 2003; Barnes et al., 2004; Arias et al., 2006).","A related need is greater precision in defining the nature of observed cross-cultural differences."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":829752736,"citingcorpusid":8996711,"citedcorpusid":17967720,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["REVIEW ARTICLE published: 03 December 2014 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01379\nCross-cultural differences in somatic awareness and interoceptive accuracy: a review of the literature and directions for future research"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3930462356,"citingcorpusid":8996711,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Likewise, many West-African languages use the body as a basis for their emotional terms\nFrontiers in Psychology | Consciousness Research December 2014 | Volume 5 | Article 1379 | 2\n(Ameka, 2001; Dzokoto and Okazaki, 2006), much like the way they are used in Chinese and Japanese.","(Ameka, 2001; Dzokoto and Okazaki, 2006), much like the way they are used in Chinese and Japanese."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1101793900,"citingcorpusid":143367284,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["64 exam failure rate are criticized by K12 academics (2012) and Kurens (2010) who contend that many colleges and universities do not recognize the GED tests in their entrance requirements."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":955277650,"citingcorpusid":55471778,"citedcorpusid":8137086,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Conceptual model and hypotheses\nTo analyse and monitor variables in various time periods in this article, we opted to use the panel data model, as a group based approach (Hausman & Taylor, 1981; Feng et al., 2001).","To analyse and monitor variables in various time periods in this article, we opted to use the panel data model, as a group based approach (Hausman & Taylor, 1981; Feng et al., 2001)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3285741628,"citingcorpusid":129711766,"citedcorpusid":129330586,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This conodont fauna is quite similar to that present in the Manitoulin Formation on Manitoulin Island in southern Ontario (Pollock et al. 1970; also cf. Bergström et al. 2011a) and that occurring in the HICE interval in the Laframboise Member of the Ellis Bay Formation on Anticosti Island, Quebec (McCracken & Barnes 1981; Zhang & Barnes 2002, 2004).","10), the Laframboise Member of the Ellis Bay Formation, Anticosti Island, Quebec (Melchin & Holmden 2006; Bergström et al. 2011a), the Manitoulin Formation of southern Ontario (Bergström et al. 2011a), and the Saldus Formation of Estonia (Bergström et al. 2006c).","Stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Ordovician–Silurian boundary interval, Anticosti Island, Quebec, Canada.","Also, a specimen identified as N. cf. parvulus by Melchin (2008) was collected from the basal part of the Laframboise Member of the Ellis Bay Formation on Anticosti Island.","1991) and from the uppermost Lousy Cove Member of the Ellis Bay Formation on Anticosti Island, Quebec (Melchin 2008).","Conodont biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Ellis Bay Formation, Anticosti Island, Quebec, with special reference to Late Ordovician–Early Silurian chronostratigraphy and the systemic boundary.","A conodont fauna of this type has also been recorded from the HICE interval in the Laframboise Member of the latest Ordovician Ellis Bay Formation on Anticosti Island, Quebec (Zhang & Barnes 2004, fig.","A new Llandovery (Early Silurian) conodont biozonation and conodonts from the Becscie, Merrimack, and Gun River formations, Anticosti Island, Quebec.","Also, in North America, it is reported from the uppermost Hirnantian Normalograptus persculptus Zone in the Canadian Arctic (Melchin et al. 1991) and from the uppermost Lousy Cove Member of the Ellis Bay Formation on Anticosti Island, Quebec (Melchin 2008)."],"intents":[null,null,null,["methodology"],["background"],null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3285741366,"citingcorpusid":129711766,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Kankakee Formation rests directly on the Neda Member (Mikulic & Kluessendorf 1987), but in some sections in Iowa, the Neda Member is directly overlain by a thin succession of the Mosalem Formation (Brown &\nWhitlow 1960; Whitlow & Brown 1963; Johnson 1975) that may be of earliest Silurian age.","As has long been known (see, e.g., Brown & Whitlow 1960; Whitlow & Brown 1963; Johnson 1975), the Maquoketa Shale, which is basically a blanket-type deposit, shows significant thickness variations, even between geographically closely spaced localities."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3285741270,"citingcorpusid":129711766,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The data suggest that the various early Llandovery (Rhuddanian) sea level curves recently presented from Midcontinent successions (see, for instance, Johnson 1996; Harris et al. 1998) need to be re-assessed."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1113005327,"citingcorpusid":137325526,"citedcorpusid":134554808,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["12 Scanning electron micrographs of powder of tungsten [8]","12 Scanning electron micrographs of powder of tungsten [8] 21 รูปที! 2."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1555916431,"citingcorpusid":201638166,"citedcorpusid":109445925,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Table 1 compares observed flow rates [reported by EU SMEDIS project for the FLADIS, EEC experiments and by Hanna et al. (1991) for the DT, GF experiments] against DISC predictions for both cases of ‘metastable liquid’ and ‘flashing’.","MG/VG concentration plot (flashing two-phase jets ; vary DISC/ATEX options)\nFor a given experimental dataset, it is common practice (Hanna et al., 1991) to calculate the geometric mean bias MG (averaged ratio of observed to predicted concentrations; MG<1 over-prediction and MG>1 under-prediction)…"],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1514752435,"citingcorpusid":198497341,"citedcorpusid":135287445,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2494578753,"citingcorpusid":5692526,"citedcorpusid":11319733,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Increased ASNS, which normally catalyzes formation of the amino acid asparagine from aspartate,(32) can be induced by glucose-deprived conditions; this has been shown in pancreatic cancer cells, in which ASNS is thought to act by an anti-apoptotic mechanism.(20) As neoplastic cells acquire greater metabolic needs and experience relative nutrient deprivation, their ASNS levels may increase through increased DNA copy number to effect a cell survival program."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2007971018,"citingcorpusid":209928478,"citedcorpusid":110158181,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3375082081,"citingcorpusid":231805221,"citedcorpusid":29990943,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This worsens coagulopathy and increases surgical bleeding during LT.264\nRestrictive fluid management during LT has been demonstrated to minimize portal venous congestion and reduce intraoperative blood loss.265,266\nIntraoperative Management of Portal Hypertension\nPortal Vasoconstrictors Portal vasoconstrictors increase splanchnic vascular\nresistance with mobilization of blood to the central circulation.267 The effect of portal vasoconstrictors depends on their action on receptor subtypes and the presence of portosystemic shunts.","%) incidence of complications.76-78\nPAC monitoring may also be helpful in the management of acute HDI related to ICT or PE and in the management of patients with PoPH.79 Complications associated with PAC placement include ventricle perforation, pulmonary artery rupture, and arrhythmias.80,81\nDevices that rely on arterial waveform analysis or impedance cardiography have been demonstrated to be unreliable during LT.82-84\nManagement\nDecreased Systemic Vascular Resistance Although systemic vasodilation is common in patients\nwith ESLD, management recommendations are frequently based on clinical experience with patients with septic shock85 and those undergoing major non-LT surgeries.86 Catecholamines, particularly norepinephrine (NE), have been the most extensively investigated and are associated with a reduced risk of postoperative organ dysfunction,86 reduced mortality, and fewer complications (particularly arrhythmias) when compared with dopamine.87,88 There is no difference in mortality, but there are fewer adverse reactions with NE than with epinephrine,87-89 and no difference in mortality between NE and either vasopressin or terlipressin.85,87,88 Rapid hemodynamic response to exogenous vasopressin administration has been demonstrated in LT patients who typically have low endogenous levels.90,91 A synergistic effect between vasopressin and NE has been demonstrated92; therefore, a stepwise approach is recommended by adding vasopressin only after a specific dose of NE has been reached (approximately 3–5 µg/min).","%) and PE alone in 32 cases (43%).25 ICT is usually found in the right heart but can occur on both sides.25,26\nICT/PE most frequently occurs after graft reperfusion27 but can occur during other stages of LT.24 When ICT/PE does occur, intraoperative mortality is between 30%27 and 55%.25 Studies found several risk factors for ICT, but their significance is unclear.","Despite individual practitioner differences in management, significant clinical experience gained over the last 50 y allow for some recommendations for the care of patients with ESLD undergoing LT. Prospective RCTs in the field of LT are necessary to further evaluate and refine our current approach.","The authors selected topics they considered representative of hemodynamic management problems frequently encountered in patients undergoing LT.","More liberal fluid administration strategies were associated with prolonged ICU stays and increased mortality.146 In general, most clinicians opt for a restrictive approach to fluid management during LT.147,148\nMonitoring There is currently no consensus on the best way to\nmonitor blood volume during LT.","The use of terlipressin has been shown to reduce blood loss during LT.273\nSomatostatin and Octreotide Somatostatin (produced in the hypothalamus) and octre-\notide (a long-acting analogue) are used to decrease PH in the setting of gastrointestinal bleeding.","A small retrospective study by Byram et al did not find any benefit in using a continuous octreotide infusion during LT.","A recent survey of US LT centers reported that in 90.6% of centers, at least 1 practitioner routinely used TEE during LT.","These agents,103-105 as well as VA-ECMO and VV-ECMO,106-108 have been used successfully to treat acute increases in pulmonary arterial pressure and RV dysfunction during LT.\nThromboembolism Cardiovascular support for hemodynamically significant\nICT/PE involves vasoactive and inotropic medications.","Preoperative RV function and CO assessment is critical in the decision-making process regarding eligibility for LT.18,19\nRV enlargement and diminished contractility are reliably detected on resting transthoracic echocardiography.","It has been demonstrated that an infusion of vasopressin is associated with a 40%\nCopyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.\nreduction in blood loss during the dissection and anhepatic stages of LT.271\nTerlipressin Terlipressin is a synthetic analogue of vasopressin that\nhas a minimal V2 receptor effect.","The use of albumin during LT can potentially improve hemodynamics without overloading the portal circulation, although albumin-based fluid management has been shown to result in a significant shift of albumin from the intravascular space to the interstitium for up to 72 h after LT.126\nAdministration of both colloids and crystalloids can be associated with significant electrolyte abnormalities.","The benefit of using albumin instead of crystalloid in patients with ESLD remains debatable.123 In preoperative settings, albumin may have an advantage particularly in the management of cirrhotic patients undergoing repeated paracenteses.124 Similarly, albumin administration should be considered in managing HDI associated with the drainage of ascites in the preanhepatic stage of LT.","Although central venous pressure (CVP) may not accurately reflect intravascular volume due to placement of surgical retractors and vascular clamps and presence of ascites,149,150 it has been demonstrated that CVP correlated with the degree of PH and the amount of intraoperative bleeding during LT.145,151,152\nReducing CVP with phlebotomy has been demonstrated to be effective in both LT and non-LT surgery.153,154 A comparison of CVP versus stroke volume variation–guided fluid management during LDLT found no difference in the amount of fluid administered, estimated blood loss, AKI, or mortality.150 A comparison of a low CVP approach with a transesophageal Doppler-guided fluid management protocol also found no difference in the amount of blood transfused but did demonstrate a higher degree of renal impairment in the low CVP group.149\nThe use of TEE during LT to assess myocardial contractility and volume status has become more popular.","In this consensus article, experts from the International Liver Transplantation Society, the Liver Intensive Care Group of Europe, and the Society for the Advancement of Transplant Anesthesia performed a rigorous review of the most current literature regarding the epidemiology, causes, and management of HDI during LT. Special attention has been paid to unique LT-associated conditions including the causes and management of vasoplegic syndrome, cardiomyopathies, LT-related arrhythmias, right and left ventricular dysfunction, and the specifics of medical and fluid management in end-stage liver disease as well as problems specifically related to portal circulation.","Portal Hypertension and Postoperative Kidney Function\nPostoperative AKI is related to the use of small for size (SSG) and DCD grafts.289,290 In patients with an SSG, there is an imbalance between vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive factors resulting in renal injury because of the persistence of a hyperdynamic state and PH after transplantation.291 Intraoperative terlipressin administration has been demonstrated to be effective in improving renal function in patients undergoing LDLT.272,292 In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Sahmeddini et al293 found octreotide administration during LT to be associated with better renal perfusion and intraoperative urine output.293\nCopyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.","A restrictive fluid management strategy is not associated with postoperative AKI and can be used during LT. (II–III, C)\nSPECIAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND MANAGEMENT\nCardiomyopathies HDI during LT can be related to CM.","Immunoglobulins help opsonization,252 prevent complement activation,253 neutralize endotoxins and superantigens,254 bind endotoxins and exotoxins, and modulate cytokine release.255,256 To date, only one study has demonstrated a beneficial effect of IgMIg in the management of VS during LT.10 IgMIg was administered to a cohort of vasoplegic patients after LT.","Ventricular Obstruction (Intracardiac or Intrapulmonary Thrombosis)\nThe incidence of intracardiac thrombosis (ICT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) varies from  1%21,22 to as much as 2%23–6%.24 Warnaar et al retrospectively evaluated 74 thrombotic events occurring during LT.","Although central venous pressure (CVP) may not accurately reflect intravascular volume due to placement of surgical retractors and vascular clamps and presence of ascites,(149,150) it has been demonstrated that CVP correlated with the degree of PH and the amount of intraoperative bleeding during LT.(145,151,152) Reducing CVP with phlebotomy has been demonstrated to be effective in both LT and non-LT surgery."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2481956249,"citingcorpusid":25357362,"citedcorpusid":18066439,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Cells transfected with MpzS63del serve as a positive control.","UPR activation has also been demonstrated in S63del Mpz mice (Wrabetz et al., 2006).","been demonstrated in S63del Mpz mice (Wrabetz et al., 2006).","A pathogenic UPR was found in mice carrying a demyelinating CMT1B mutation, MpzS63del (Wrabetz et al., 2006; Pennuto et al., 2008).","COS-7 cells were co-transfected as described (Pennuto et al., 2008) with MpzS63del, MpzR98C or MpzWt, each with the haemagglutinin epitope tag fused to the carboxy terminus (Tinelli et al., manuscript in preparation) and pED-mXBP1deltaC(un)-d2EGFP (Back et al., 2006).","MpzS63del also causes CMT1B although the morphological phenotype of S63del and R98C nerves is dissimilar."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":2481956052,"citingcorpusid":25357362,"citedcorpusid":21187012,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, the coordinate programme of myelin gene expression during development is similar in wild-type and Mpz + / mice (Shy et al., 1997; Menichella et al., 2001).","Morphologically, Mpz + / peripheral nerves also appear normal until several months of age when they develop asymmetric demyelination suggestive of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (Shy et al., 1997) or immune-mediated neuropathies (Martini, 1999).","Heterozygous Mpz-null mice, in which there is haplo-insufficiency of Mpz, have no clinical phenotype or abnormalities of nerve conduction velocities until they are 4–6 months of age (Martini et al., 1995; Shy et al., 1997).","(Shy et al., 1997) or immune-mediated neuropathies (Martini,"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3847657262,"citingcorpusid":251043796,"citedcorpusid":2104610,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Three studies (van den Heuvel et al., 2014; Carpinella et al., 2017; Gandolfi et al., 2017) measured the effects on functional mobility by the 10MWT.","The pooled results of four studies (van den Heuvel et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2016; Carpinella et al., 2017; Kafle and Rizvi, 2021) did not show a significant effect of wearable sensor-based exercise on the UPDRS-III either at the post-intervention or 0.5–1.5-month\nFrontiers in Aging Neuroscience |…","A:73.75 (5.16) C:73.13 (3.54) − Alzheimer’s Dementia − − VR-based Wii Fit exercise Tinetti Gait and Balance Test (Balance); five-time Sit-to-Stand Test; Gait Speed Baseline Intervention: 6 weeks Posttreatment: 0% End of follow-up: 0% 12 van den Heuvel et al., 2014 Netherlands T","…reflect the change in the center of gravity through the offset of the plantar pressure, thereby providing accurate and immediate biofeedback for the patient (Padala et al., 2012; Pompeu et al., 2012; van den Heuvel et al., 2014; Liao et al., 2015a,b; Carpinella et al., 2017; Ribas et al., 2017).","The BBS was reported in nine studies (Padala et al., 2012; Pompeu et al., 2012; van den Heuvel et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2016; Carpinella et al., 2017; Gandolfi et al., 2017; Ribas et al., 2017; Santos et al., 2019; Kafle and Rizvi, 2021), with the duration from 3 to 12 weeks.","The selected RCTs were performed in patients with PD (n = 13) (Yen et al., 2011; Nanhoe-Mahabier et al., 2012; Pompeu et al., 2012; van den Heuvel et al., 2014; Liao et al., 2015a,b; Yang et al., 2016; Carpinella et al., 2017; Gandolfi et al., 2017; Ribas et al., 2017; Cikajlo and Potisk, 2019;…","…with Nintendo Wii virtual reality device Frequency: no clear Intensity: no clear Time: no clear Type: routine medical treatments\nNot mentioned\n12 van den Heuvel et al., 2014\nFrequency: 60 min, two times a week Intensity: moderate Time: 5 weeks + 12-week follow-up Type: Visual feedback (VFT)…","The mobility scores of the PDQ-39 were reported in two studies (van den Heuvel et al., 2014; Ribas et al., 2017), and the pooled analysis did reveal no significant effect of wearable sensor-based exercise on these scores (WMD =−0.87; 95% CI,−6.43 to 4.70, P = 0.760; I2 = 0%, Figure 7B; Peto et al.,…","Four studies (van den Heuvel et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2016; Cikajlo and Potisk, 2019; Santos et al., 2019) played sports games based on VR technology, one study (Carpinella et al., 2017) used a Gamepad system comprising six wearable inertial sensors, and one study (Nanhoe-Mahabier et al., 2012)…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":572317366,"citingcorpusid":55499777,"citedcorpusid":167772334,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The total number of employees in a work unit at each time point, labeled work unit size, was included as a control variable, as researchers have identified sizebased effects in previous research (Markham et al., 1982; Markham & McKee, 1991).","The total number of employees in a work unit at each time point,\nlabeled work unit size, was included as a control variable, as researchers have identified sizebased effects in previous research (Markham et al., 1982; Markham & McKee, 1991).","Many of these studies examine constructs that operate mostly at the unit versus the individual level (e.g., group cohesiveness [Xie & Johns, 2000]) or simply do not exist at the lower level (e.g., group size [Markham et al., 1982])."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1554642381,"citingcorpusid":44079540,"citedcorpusid":3261220,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2014), and B cells (Yang and Reth 2010), but the use of this technique in neuronal tissue has never been assessed.","…detected by flow cytometry has been used to measure protein phosphorylation and dynamics in T lymphocytes (Lund-Johansen et al. 2000) lymphocytic monocytes (Cao et al. 2014), and B cells (Yang and Reth 2010), but the use of this technique in neuronal tissue has never been assessed."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2543675998,"citingcorpusid":22612490,"citedcorpusid":8859706,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Countries like Chile [7] followed soon after but the rest of the region has not responded as quickly."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1167843830,"citingcorpusid":168090682,"citedcorpusid":153496171,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2004), combined capacity reservation contracts and spot markets (Inderfurth & Kelle, 2011), supply chain modeling and information systems integration (Giannakis & Louis, 2001), qualification and use of capable suppliers (Manuj & Mentzer, 2008), supplier quality management initiatives (Holschbach & Hofmann, 2011), buffer inventory (Tang, 2006), contingency plans (Kleindorfer & Saad, 2005), credit analysis (Kern et al.","…and use of capable suppliers (Manuj & Mentzer, 2008), supplier quality management initiatives (Holschbach & Hofmann, 2011), buffer inventory (Tang, 2006), contingency plans (Kleindorfer & Saad, 2005), credit analysis (Kern et al., 2012), strategic sourcing and flexibility (Chiang et al.,…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1901251038,"citingcorpusid":145812147,"citedcorpusid":153496171,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["From this perspective, risk refers to the possibility and effects of a mismatch between supply and demand that creates a supply chain interruption (Tang and Musa 2011), embracing the information, material and product flows from the original supplier to the delivery of the final product to the end user (Jüttner, Peck, and Christopher 2003). One of the first definitions of SCRM was offered in Jüttner, Peck, and Christopher (2003). The authors defined SCRM as the identification and management of risks for a supply chain through a coordinated approach among supply chain members to reduce supply chain vulnerability as a whole.","…due to the estimation that the associated risks are unacceptable;\nFocus on efficiency Norrman and Jansson (2004), Sheffi (2005), Jüttner (2005), Tang (2006), Pfohl, Köhler, and Thomas (2010), Thun and Hoenig (2011), Thun, Drüke, and Hoenig (2011), Lavastre, Gunasekaran, and Spalanzani (2012),…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1674912455,"citingcorpusid":110578987,"citedcorpusid":153496171,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Supply chain literature has many examples of risk mitigation strategies (Tang, 2006) that could be modified for the context of Africa."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2993275752,"citingcorpusid":40301077,"citedcorpusid":84930084,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, there are also 32 named and 3 unnamed isosporan species described, to date, from lizards (Upton et al., 1988; Amoudi, 1989; Matuschka, 1989)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3773964535,"citingcorpusid":168888068,"citedcorpusid":153496171,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Therefore, despite the awareness of rare risks, the number of studies that incorporate these risks in their SCR models is few.\niii) Supply risk is the most studied risk in the SCRM literature\n[12, 22].\niv) Past disruptive events highlighted the importance of\nconsidering the risks in other stakeholders including sub-tier supply networks [3].","This study tried to develop a multidimensional SC risk categorization by compiling some of the\nrelated studies in the SCRM literature.","Supply risk is more complex than demand side risk and it is one of the most studied risks in the literature since the late 1980s [8, 11, 28, 29].","Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) gained attention especially in the late 1990s with the occurrence of major risk events and the evolution of sustainability concerns [2,3].","However technology also brings new risks including IT system\nfailures, security risks, cyber risks and technology adoption risks.\nx) Risk attitude of companies have a great effect on SCRM\ndecisions and the perception of SCR.","Supply Chain Management (SCM) literature is rich of studies that examine SCRs and provide models for SCRM [11-13].","Tang and Musa [12] investigated the developments in SCRM literature and classified risks based on material, cash and information flows.","There are hundreds of articles in SCRM literature."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null,null,["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":2496822205,"citingcorpusid":167754292,"citedcorpusid":153496171,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Upstream supply chain risk management Research on supply chain risk management classifies risks into operational risks and disruption risks (Tang, 2006) or refers to them as supply-demand coordination risks and disruption risks (Kleindorfer and Saad, 2005).","The literature on risk management shows that a common risk management process is generally organized into three steps: risk identification, risk assessment, and risk mitigation (Bode and Wagner, 2009; Kleindorfer and Saad, 2005; Tang, 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1718594286,"citingcorpusid":167348771,"citedcorpusid":153496171,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…supply chain risk management (SCRM) has become an emerging research topic (Altay and Ramirez, 2010; Ellis et al., 2011; Manuj and Mentzer, 2008a, 2008b; Revilla and Sáenz, 2014; Schoenherr et al., 2012; Son and Orchard, 2013; Tang, 2006a; Whitney et al., 2014; Zsidisin and Wagner, 2010).","…Purchasing and Supply Mana\nwhich focused on either reactive or proactive SCRM strategies (e.g., Sheffi and Rice, 2005; Mitroff and Alpaslan, 2003; Tang, 2006b; Tang and Tomlin, 2008; Knemeyer et al., 2009), this paper attempted to examine the key success factors of SCRM practices from both…","That is to say, redundancy can disguise inefficiencies by inhibiting the advantages of a lean supply chain (Tang, 2006a). Tomlin (2006) viewed redundancy as a mitigation action.","That is to say, redundancy can disguise inefficiencies by inhibiting the advantages of a lean supply chain (Tang, 2006a).","…growing awareness of supply chain risk and a need for contingency planning, there exists abundant literature dealing with supply chain risk (e.g., Tang, 2006a, 2006b; Khan and Burnes, 2007; Manuj and Mentzer, 2008a, 2008b; Vanany et al., 2009; Tang and Nurmaya Musa, 2011; Chaudhuri et al., 2013,…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3618604687,"citingcorpusid":244591793,"citedcorpusid":115191868,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the author’s opinion, the proposed system is likely to find applications in many power electronics devices, such as D-class audio amplifiers, advanced serial and parallel active power filters [34], FACTS, and new generations of converters for renewable energy sources [35]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3309632536,"citingcorpusid":15039339,"citedcorpusid":32911458,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["V) characteristics are simulated in Spectre circuit simulator within Cadence CAD system and validated against measurements of stack structure."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3279058029,"citingcorpusid":231948148,"citedcorpusid":33436099,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["5%) could also increase the L* values of this material, while preserving its translucent properties [37].","This advantage may be due to lithium silicate crystals, which are slightly larger and more rounded, compared to those present in the feldspathic ceramic [37, 38]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1001673895,"citingcorpusid":17661363,"citedcorpusid":33009048,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Genetic deletion of 6 sirtuins of A. oryzae was performed and only HstD/AoHst4 was associated with a significant role in fungal growth, sporulation, stress responses and production of secondary metabolites via the regulation of LaeA (Kawauchi et al., 2013; Kawauchi and Iwashita, 2014).","PROTEIN 90 In addition to histones, an increasing number of proteins have been identified as substrates of HDACs, leading to the use of the more general terminology of lysine deacetylases (KDAC; Glozak et al., 2005; Choudhary et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1694420962,"citingcorpusid":29393877,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In order to evaluate all the techniques based on different description formalisms, there are competitions, e.g. the Semantic Web Services Challenge [5] and the S3 Contest [9].","It is unnecessary to evaluate the service matcher part since this was successfully done by efforts like [5] and [9].","the Semantic Web Services Challenge [5] and the S3 Contest [9]."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":573136059,"citingcorpusid":54924435,"citedcorpusid":153582357,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…several studies were developed, such as those by Aloui (2011), Arouri, Bellalah & Nguyen (2010), Barba & Ceretta (2011), Beirne et al. (2010), Kenourgios & Dimitriou (2015), Marçal et al. (2011), Martinez & Ramirez (2011), Matos, Siqueira & Trompieri (2014), Pimenta Jr. (2012), Rejeb &…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2153375383,"citingcorpusid":201766333,"citedcorpusid":143580724,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While unmarried people in farming societies suffered a lack of social consideration, their situation was nonetheless ‘normal’ because it was taken for granted (Bourdieu, 1962, p. 58; 2002)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1788165955,"citingcorpusid":159337006,"citedcorpusid":154166876,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(7)\n2 See also Bindseil and Seitz (2001), Würtz (2003) and Moschitz (2004).","This observation is consistent with the pre-crisis results in Würtz (2003) and Bindseil and Seitz (2001) who fi nd a within-period liquidity effect only in the fi nal week of the maintenance period when benchmark allotment cannot correct liquidity imbalances."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":1591995093,"citingcorpusid":86038134,"citedcorpusid":84593096,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While Alaska, Yukon, and parts of British Columbia still support relatively high runs of salmon (Baker et al. 1996; Slaney et al. 1996), many river systems in southern British Columbia, California, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington have experienced salmon population declines over recent decades, especially in wild stocks (NRC 1996; Schoonmaker et al."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1355022602,"citingcorpusid":38595660,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Data were collected at 120 Hz using an 8-camera motion capture system (VICON, Oxford Metrics, Oxford, UK) and 9mm retro-reflective markers as described by Pohl et al [6].","Oxford Metrics, Oxford, UK) and 9mm retro-reflective markers as described by Pohl et al [6]."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
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{"citationid":2323361084,"citingcorpusid":38293120,"citedcorpusid":2717413,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The leading scenario is mergers of double compact star systems, e.g. two neutron stars (NS-NS) or a neutron star and a black hole (NS-BH) (Gehrels et al. 2004; Fox et al. 2005; Barthelmy et al. 2005; Fong et al. 2010, see Berger (2014) for a recent review).","Host galaxy studies of SGRBs (Fong et al. 2010; Berger 2014) suggested that the hypothesis that all SGRBs belong to the compact star merger (Type I) category is not in conflict with the data.","…Wanderman & Piran (2014) (defined by them as collapsars) actually have large offsets from host galaxies, fully consistent with being due to a compact star merger origin (e.g. GRB 070724 with offset 5.46 ± 0.14 kpc, and GRB 070809 with offsef 33.22 ± 2.71 kpc, Fong et al. 2010; Fong & Berger 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2513088257,"citingcorpusid":119212572,"citedcorpusid":2717413,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Comprehensive GRB host galaxy studies carried out with the HST (e.g. Fruchter et al. 2006; Fong et al. 2010) have shown that the offset between a GRB and its host galaxy can be fairly large, in particular for short-duration GRBs such as 050525.","For this class of GRBs, the offset could be as large as 20 kpc with about 5% exceeding even this separation (Fong et al. 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2691277363,"citingcorpusid":150385559,"citedcorpusid":152797143,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…to the implementation stages because of the need of effectiveness as a managerial value: “good legislation” became a concern, but “good legislation requires consultation, regulation impact assessment, and systematic evaluation of the results achieved by European public policies” [Radaelli 1999:5].","…[Borzel/Risse 2000; Héritier 1996, 2001; Gualini 2004; Hooghe/Marks 1997, 2001; Laffan et al. 2000; Lord 2004; Lord/Magnette 2004; Magnette 2003; Marks/Hooghe 2000, 2004; Radaelli 1999, 2000a, 2000b, 2003; Richardson 2000, 2001; Rosenau 1992, 2000, 2004; Zahariadis 2002; Zielonka 2006, 2007]."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3803537242,"citingcorpusid":249954465,"citedcorpusid":128361561,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These findings established the diagnosis of POEMS syndrome with plasma cell myeloma, even though there was no obvious monoclonality in serum or urine samples [1].","Patient age, extravascular volume overload, and severe renal dysfunction have been reported to affect the prognosis in cases of POEMS syndrome [1,15,16].","Introduction POEMS syndrome is a paraneoplastic disorder associated with the proliferation of plasma cell-derived cells and characterized by polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, and skin lesions [1].","The serum vascular endothelial growth factor level was 7,380 pg/mL (cut-off value for diagnosis of POEMS syndrome: 1,920 pg/mL [1])."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":925558034,"citingcorpusid":9625389,"citedcorpusid":5379962,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Interestingly, this EGFR C797S-resistance mutation is analogous to the recently described BTK-resistance mutation, C481S, which arises in the context of the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.(56) Besides EGFR C797S, multiple other resistance mechanisms to osimertinib therapy have been documented in case reports and case series, mirroring what has been reported with first-generation EGFR inhibitors."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":3864378580,"citingcorpusid":62345645,"citedcorpusid":17237746,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While intonational phrases are units of speech production – a place where one can take a breath, for example – they are also the “basic units of information”, having a role in “higher-level linguistic processing” for both the speaker and hearer (Himmelmann & Ladd 2008: 251)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3947180563,"citingcorpusid":249906586,"citedcorpusid":158881618,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Williams (1990) and McDermott (1998) both find that regardless of Black candidates’ stated positions, they were perceived as being more concerned with advancing minority rights than White elected officials.","The presence of co-racial/ethnic politicians politically empowers minorities, signaling greater inclusion to the political process (McDermott, 1998; Sigelman et al., 1995; Williams, 1990)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3947180549,"citingcorpusid":249906586,"citedcorpusid":233707885,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As it stands, levels of Black substantive representation are generally lower among non- Black representatives than Black representatives (Stout, 2020)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1687441563,"citingcorpusid":154557106,"citedcorpusid":109683212,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Despite the large potential for improvements in agricultural productivity and market performance in Africa, especially given rapid overall economic growth, evidence on changes in domestic food value chains in Africa is still limited, possibly due to a lack of accurate and reliable data (Jerven, 2013).","…the large potential for improvements in agricultural productivity and market performance in Africa, especially given rapid overall economic growth, evidence on changes in domestic food value chains in Africa is still limited, possibly due to a lack of accurate and reliable data (Jerven, 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1004602904,"citingcorpusid":83384011,"citedcorpusid":11118504,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The phosphorylation of eIF4B increases the interaction between eIF4B and eIF3 which increases the rate of translation (Holz et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1234009208,"citingcorpusid":198920818,"citedcorpusid":14577740,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology) 76 (5): 903-924.","Recent development in this area includes Fryzlewicz and Rao (2014), Cho and Fryzlewicz (2015), Lee et al. (2016), Roy et al. (2017) and Wang and Samworth (2018), who investigated the problem in high-dimensional models."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1542931291,"citingcorpusid":167836669,"citedcorpusid":31494444,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and since income smoothing is not possible to observe, we follow previous research and apply a variety of proxies to capture the smoothing of income (e.g. Wahlen, 1994; Beaver & Engel 1996; Liu & Ryan, 2006; Kanagaretnam et al., 2004; Kanagaretnam et al., 2010a, Kanagaretnam et al., 2010b).","Therefore the expectation for the parameter β4 is to be positive and also significant, as this will indicate a relationship between loan loss provisions and earnings before taxes (Lobo & Yang, 2001; Liu & Ryan, 2006; Kanagaretnam et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1677216623,"citingcorpusid":131810738,"citedcorpusid":128569507,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In a slightly more modest range, recent literature indicates that\nA Life-Cycle Analysis of the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Corn-Based Ethanol\nICF 16 January 12, 2017\nvariable rate technology can decrease emissions in the range of 19 to 35 percent (Vazquez-Amabile et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1148933357,"citingcorpusid":157318902,"citedcorpusid":143093558,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In addition, researchers have not explored the effects of organizational change in many dimensions on one organizational setting (Catherine, 2014; Feng, Ljungwall, & Guo, 2013; Mansri, 2012; Ayres & Stafford, 2011; McGarvey, 2012; Pheko, 2013; Shair-Rosenfield, Marks, & Hoogle, 2014).","The center devolves both functions and power to its local layers (Catherine, 2014; Goodwin, et al., 2006; McGarvey, 2012).","…organizational change in respect of deregulation, decentralization, and devolution, each of which was examined randomly and separately in a different sector (Ayres & Stafford, 2011; Catherine, 2014; Feng et al, 2013; Mansrisuk, 2012; McGarvey, 2012; Pheko, 2013; Shair-Rosenfield et al., 2014).","Scholars have examined organizational change in respect of deregulation, decentralization, and devolution, each of which was examined randomly and separately in a different sector (Ayres & Stafford, 2011; Catherine, 2014; Feng et al, 2013; Mansrisuk, 2012; McGarvey, 2012; Pheko, 2013; Shair-Rosenfield et al., 2014).","The center devolves\nboth functions and power to its local layers (Catherine, 2014; Goodwin, et al., 2006; McGarvey, 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1148932448,"citingcorpusid":157318902,"citedcorpusid":70127624,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In contrast, unitary governments are formed by central governments and\nsubordinate local governments, both levels of which function dependently under a single jurisdictional system (Cobb & Bean, 2006).","Contemporary governments can be administered by either a federal or unitary system (Cobb & Bean, 2006; Law, 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":110052717,"citingcorpusid":31942644,"citedcorpusid":6074044,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", based on second-order cone programming [6], convex relaxations of the OPF problem [7], [8], [9], and alternating direction method of multipliers [10]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3881815975,"citingcorpusid":247460518,"citedcorpusid":3348934,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["4% patients had severe complications [2].","5% of cases were secondary to large cerebral VMs, colonic VMs and PAVMs, which could have likely been avoided by appropriate preventive treatment [2]."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":849201483,"citingcorpusid":34694886,"citedcorpusid":31371293,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Introducing an optional interchain disulfide bond (14, 36) can tightly link the two variable-region domains.","However, the heavy and light chains of the recombinant protein may dissociate and have limited stability at low protein concentrations (14), because the intermolecular disulfide bonds that linked the heavy and light chains of native antibody do not exist.","This design allows recombinant antibody to fold into the correct conformation and increases its stability in many applications (14)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":105696021,"citingcorpusid":12593378,"citedcorpusid":91874109,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To understand further the metabolic controls in the biosynthesis of cephamycins we have combined a theoretical approach using the concept of metabolic control theory (Heinrich and Rapoport 1974; Kacser and Burns 1973) and an experimental approach of modulating the activity of a specific enzyme using recombinant DNA techniques.","…controls in the biosynthesis of cephamycins we have combined a theoretical approach using the concept of metabolic control theory (Heinrich and Rapoport 1974; Kacser and Burns 1973) and an experimental approach of modulating the activity of a specific enzyme using recombinant DNA techniques."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1617742195,"citingcorpusid":53432634,"citedcorpusid":3348809,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Network analysis has been used to suggest potential intervention targets for depression (van Borkulo et al., 2015), post-traumatic stress disorder (Fried et al. 2018) and eating disorders (Smith et al., 2018).","Central items may then serve as indicators for clinical intervention targets (Fried et al., 2017), as their improvement is most likely to destabilise harmful network structures and prevent exacerbation of other items (Smith et al., 2018).",", 2017), as their improvement is most likely to destabilise harmful network structures and prevent exacerbation of other items (Smith et al., 2018)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2369471230,"citingcorpusid":39080825,"citedcorpusid":22892629,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["People with Williams Syndrome (WS), Fragile-X syndrome, and PraderWilli Syndrome (PWS) also achieve milestones in gross motor skills at a later stage in life (Largo & Schinzel, 1985; Plissart & Fryns, 1999; (Reus et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4052027183,"citingcorpusid":256461619,"citedcorpusid":39882940,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, whether the PGNil neurons of marmosets show the same functional properties reported for their rodent counterpart (Dark and Asdourian, 1975; Harrington and Rusak, 1986; Cipolla-Neto et al., 1995; Goel et al., 2000; Gall et al., 2013; Sanetra et al., 2021) also needs further examination."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3727324915,"citingcorpusid":216282968,"citedcorpusid":3635447,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the context of paths and trees, pattern matching problems have been extensively studied in non-temporal graphs both in theory [14, 17, 29] as well as applications [3, 21]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3889035484,"citingcorpusid":212860791,"citedcorpusid":10900431,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…p.Pro1194Leu Gene dosage assay\nand sequencing\nJapan (YAGASAKI et al. 2004a)\n28 c.2602T>G p.Phe868Val Gene dosage assay\nand sequencing\nJapan (YAGASAKI et al. 2004a)\n16 c.1475A>G p.His492Arg SSCP and ARMS Japan (ADACHI et al. 2002b),Brazil\n(LEVRAN et al. 1997a)\n34 c.3350G>C p.Arg1117Thr…","…Gene dosage assay and\nsequencing\nJapan (YAGASAKI et al. 2004a)\nIntron 39 c.3934+2T>C Aberrant splicing Gene dosage assay and sequencing Japan (YAGASAKI et al.\n2004a)\nIntron 41 c.4168-1G>C Aberrant splicing Gene dosage assay and sequencing Japan (YAGASAKI et al.\n2004a; MORI et al.…","…(YAGASAKI et al.\n2004a; MORI et al. 2019a)\nIntron 27 c.2602-2A>T p.868_869delFQ DS, Gene dosage assay and\nsequencing,\nJapan (TACHIBANA et al. 1999b; YAGASAKI et al. 2004a; MORI et al. 2019a)\nIntron 3 c.283+2T>C Aberrant splicing WES Japan (MORI et al. 2019a) Intron 11 c.1007-2A>G Aberrant splicing…","…al.,\n2016), Netherlands (WIJKER et al., 1999a), Israeli (TAMARY et al., 2000; TAMARY et al., 2004a)\npopulations and c.1303C>T in exon14 is highly dominant in India (SOLANKI et al., 2016), Japan\n(TACHIBANA et al., 1999b; ADACHI et al., 2002; YAGASAKI et al., 2004b), and Brazil (LEVRAN et\nal., 1997).","…al. 2014b), Japan (NAKAMURA et al. 1999; ADACHI et al. 2002b; YAGASAKI et al. 2004a)\n24 c.2170A>C p.Thr724Pro Gene dosage assay\nand sequencing\nJapan (YAGASAKI et al. 2004a)\n36 c.3581C>T p.Pro1194Leu Gene dosage assay\nand sequencing\nJapan (YAGASAKI et al. 2004a)\n28 c.2602T>G p.Phe868Val Gene dosage…","…c.3163C>T p.Arg1055Try SSCP, ARMS,\nGene dosage assay and sequencing\nChina (CHANG et al. 2014b), Japan (NAKAMURA et al. 1999; ADACHI et al. 2002b; YAGASAKI et al. 2004a)\n24 c.2170A>C p.Thr724Pro Gene dosage assay\nand sequencing\nJapan (YAGASAKI et al. 2004a)\n36 c.3581C>T p.Pro1194Leu Gene dosage…","On the basis of their data they\nhypothesized that FANCA is rich in Alu elements which are responsible for Alu-mediated HR in\nproduction of genomic deletions (YAGASAKI et al., 2004b).","…WES Japan (MORI et al. 2019a) 36 c.3568C>T p.Gln1190X WES Japan (MORI et al. 2019a) 5 c.505G>T p.Glu169Ter Gene dosage assay and\nsequencing\nJapan (YAGASAKI et al. 2004a; MORI et al. 2019a)\nInsertion/Duplication 41 c.4046_4047insT p.Arg1349SerfsX7 HRM and DS Iran\n(MOGHADAM et al. 2016a)\n41…","…p.Ile1348TfsX77 whole exome sequencing\nJapan (MORI et al. 2019a)\n39 c.3918_3919insT p.Gln1307fsX6 Gene dosage assay and\nsequencing\nJapan (YAGASAKI et al. 2004a)\n3 c.190_191insT p.Glu65ArgfsX5 - Japan (SEKINAKA et al.\n2017; MORI et al. 2019a)\n24 c.2172_2173insG p.Ser725ValfsTer6 SSCP and…","…Gene dosage assay and sequencing Japan (YAGASAKI et al.\n2004a)\nIntron 41 c.4168-1G>C Aberrant splicing Gene dosage assay and sequencing Japan (YAGASAKI et al.\n2004a; MORI et al. 2019a)\nIntron 27 c.2602-2A>T p.868_869delFQ DS, Gene dosage assay and\nsequencing,\nJapan (TACHIBANA et al. 1999b;…","%) were already reported from Netherlands (AMEZIANE\net al., 2008), Japan (TACHIBANA et al., 1999b; ADACHI et al., 2002; YAGASAKI et al., 2004b),\nBrazil (LEVRAN et al., 1997) and USA populations (CHANDRA et al., 2005a; LEVRAN et al.,\n2005b).","%) were linked to FANCA (YAGASAKI et al., 2004b).","…p.Glu1239LysfsX8 SSCP and ARMS Japan (ADACHI et al. 2002b), Italy\n(LEVRAN et al. 2005b)\nIntron 27 c.2602-1G>A p.868_869delFQ DS, Gene dosage assay and\nsequencing\nJapan (TACHIBANA et al. 1999b; YAGASAKI et al. 2004a; MORI et al. 2019a)\n28 IVS27-1G>A p.868-869delFQ DS Japan (TACHIBANA et\nal.","…p.Thr724Pro Gene dosage assay\nand sequencing\nJapan (YAGASAKI et al. 2004a)\n36 c.3581C>T p.Pro1194Leu Gene dosage assay\nand sequencing\nJapan (YAGASAKI et al. 2004a)\n28 c.2602T>G p.Phe868Val Gene dosage assay\nand sequencing\nJapan (YAGASAKI et al. 2004a)\n16 c.1475A>G p.His492Arg SSCP and…","…Gene dosage assay\nand sequencing\nJapan (YAGASAKI et al. 2004a)\n16 c.1475A>G p.His492Arg SSCP and ARMS Japan (ADACHI et al. 2002b),Brazil\n(LEVRAN et al. 1997a)\n34 c.3350G>C p.Arg1117Thr Gene dosage assay and sequencing Japan (YAGASAKI et al.\n2004a)\n1 c.1A>G p.Met1Val DS Japan (TACHIBANA et\nal.","…et al. 2016a) 33 c.3348+1G>A - MLPA and NGS Iran (NIA et al. 2016a) Intron 9 c.827-1G>T Aberrant splicing Gene dosage assay and\nsequencing\nJapan (YAGASAKI et al. 2004a)\nIntron 39 c.3934+2T>C Aberrant splicing Gene dosage assay and sequencing Japan (YAGASAKI et al.\n2004a)\nIntron 41 c.4168-1G>C…","All these three are already reported for Japanese population (ADACHI et al., 2002; YAGASAKI et\nal., 2004b)."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],["background"],["background"],null,null,["background"],null,null,["methodology"],["background"],null,["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3650737723,"citingcorpusid":246217958,"citedcorpusid":4312243,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Meanwhile, PE is also the second-most abundant phospholipid that makes up 15–25% of the total lipids of mammary cellular membranes [21], which plays an important role in a wide range of biological processes, such as cell–cell interactions and apoptosis [22]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3731609202,"citingcorpusid":248427303,"citedcorpusid":36487,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A C cid2: [39,41), Private cid1: [20,22), Public","In such cases, the time to select a value is linear with the list length [20].","Filled ields �2:income =[20, 22] �3:legal entity =Private �4:company type =Leasing","Three clusters are automatically identiied with centroids ł[20, 22), Public’’,",", the instance łincome”=[20, 22), łlegal entity”=Private, and łcompany type”=Leasing, as obtained after pre-processing),","//// Bob 21→[20,22) Public Investment Leasing Service","Pre-processed current input cid1: [20,22), Public Cluster1: DIS=1","Through the application of the pre-processing steps, LAFF ignores the value for ield łname” and maps the value 20 of ield łincome” to the interval [20, 22).","////// Alice 20→[20,22) Public Investment Financial Service"],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],null,null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":162917339,"citingcorpusid":39563976,"citedcorpusid":36487,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Quantitative modeling of visual tasks has appeared in many HCI studies [1], [2], [9], [12].","We adopt the following quantitative model proposed by Cockburn and Gutwin [12] for modeling selection time of an item, which realizes the aforementioned intuition."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":916251719,"citingcorpusid":30793754,"citedcorpusid":27785230,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It integrates results from several gene prediction software such as GENSCAN (Burge and Karlin 1997), FGENESH (Salamov and Solovyev 2000), RiceHMM (Sakata et al. 1999) and MZEF (Zang 1997) for mining the protein coding genes."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":916248912,"citingcorpusid":30793754,"citedcorpusid":113614,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This has been examined not only between sorghum and maize, but also between rice and other crop plants as well as between rice subspecies (Song et al. 2002; Dubcovsky et al. 2001; Han and Xue 2003; Klein et al. 2003)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2763022540,"citingcorpusid":30793754,"citedcorpusid":85083471,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…in traits, such as disease resistance, flowering time and seed size requires plant systems that\nare easy to handle and are genetically simple with minimal gene redundancy such as Arabidopsis (Meinke et al. 1998; Lukowitz et al. 2000), tomato (Martin et al. 1993) and rice (Delseny et al. 2001).","The vast amount of structural and functional data of the rice genome generated earlier (Sasaki 1998; Sasaki and Burr\n2000) provided a strong backbone for its sequencing efforts (Delseny et al. 2001; Sasaki 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1632456067,"citingcorpusid":15591564,"citedcorpusid":44535669,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This finding seems consistent with Gao (2002) and Groenewold, Tang, and Wu (2004).","This result is consistent with Gao (2002), who computed the correlation coefficient of the Chinese markets with other markets of the developed economies and found that none showed a correlation coefficient higher than 0.05 [5] The conditional correlation coefficients for the Shanghai and Shenzhen…","This observation is apparently consistent with papers that highlight the fact that emerging stock markets are generally more volatile than their developed counterparts (see Bekaert and Harvey (1997), Aggarwal, Inclan, and Leal (1999) and Gao (2002)).","As observed by Gao (2002), what is most “unusual” about China’s dual stock exchange system is that the stocks traded on the two exchanges perform quite differently, despite the fact that the two exchanges in China do not have large differences in their sector representation, quotation systems and…","As noted by Gao (2002), China’s stock market is relatively insulated, and this can be attributed to the government’s currency shield and the existence of separate share classes for foreign and domestic investors.","As specifically noted by Gao (2002), mainland China’s stock markets displayed tremendous volatility during the eight years from 1994 through 2001."],"intents":[["result"],["result"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2204476296,"citingcorpusid":11207821,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several electrophysiological experiments have shown ethanol’s ability to potentiate GlyR function (Eggers et al., 2000; Ye et al., 2001).","Many in vitro studies have shown that GlyR function is positively modulated by anesthetics and alcohols (Celentano et al., 1988; Engblom and Akerman, 1991; Aguayo and Pancetti, 1994; Mascia et al., 1996a,b; Eggers et al., 2000; Yamakura and Harris, 2000; Ye et al., 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1660353528,"citingcorpusid":206139418,"citedcorpusid":38495215,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Greigite has also drawn much attention because of its importance for magnetostratigraphy and paleomagnetism (Snowball and Thompson, 1990; Tric et al., 1991; Roberts et al., 1996; Jiang et al., 2001; Ron et al., 2007; Vasiliev et al., 2007; Chang et al., 2008), and especially over the past decade due to its inviting semi-metallic and magnetic properties (He et al.","…because of its importance for magnetostratigraphy and paleomagnetism (Snowball and Thompson, 1990; Tric et al., 1991; Roberts et al., 1996; Jiang et al., 2001; Ron et al., 2007; Vasiliev et al., 2007; Chang et al., 2008), and especially over the past decade due to its inviting…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":885808739,"citingcorpusid":5446564,"citedcorpusid":145129484,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Extensive psychometric analyses have shown the PWI to be a valid, reliable and sensitive instrument among populations in different countries (Cummins et al. 2003, Lau et al. 2008, Smyth et al. 2010, Rodriguez-Blazquez et al. 2011)."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":1139773123,"citingcorpusid":151562187,"citedcorpusid":24865799,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 1994), breast cancer patients (Holzner et al., 2001), Hodgkins’ disease patients (Greil et al."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3879386131,"citingcorpusid":251675361,"citedcorpusid":128368629,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Badan air yang telah tercemar E. coli dapat mencemari badan air di sekitarnya melalui resapan air ke tanah (Sapulete, 2010; Soewandita & Sudiana, 2010; Yudo, 2010; Hamida et al., 2019).","Sejak dua puluh tahun terakhir ini tercatat bahwa kontaminasi E. coli semakin meningkat pada beberapa badan air di DKI Jakarta seperti sungai, kali, dan situ (Hendrawan, 2005; Yudo, 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3073797702,"citingcorpusid":44343433,"citedcorpusid":10728010,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1084722626,"citingcorpusid":131128572,"citedcorpusid":130825988,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Esta maduración adelantada puede afectar negativamente la calidad del café, no solamente en el tamaño y el peso definitivo de las cerezas, sino también en las características organolépticas del grano (Guyot et al. 1996, Muschler 2001).","El adelanto de la floración y una maduración más temprana de las cerezas a pleno sol, debido a mayor exposición solar, han sido observados en otros estudios (Guyot et al. 1996, Vaast et al. 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3325136775,"citingcorpusid":233750021,"citedcorpusid":166548688,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3402804780,"citingcorpusid":236569877,"citedcorpusid":154552641,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This principle reflects the notion of “rich getting richer,” or “resource-gain spirals,” as people with more resources are able to invest their greater stocks of resources into activities that increase their available pool of resources (Bardoel et al., 2014).","…team resilience capacity by emphasizing open communication and embracing an LGO through training, HRM practices, or structural changes that enable team members to freely express opinions and seamlessly integrate diverse perspectives (Bardoel et al., 2014; Bowers et al., 2017;\nHobfoll et al., 2018)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1181175490,"citingcorpusid":174789240,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Among practitioners, effective user onboarding is considered to be the most important part of the customer journey due to its potential to reduce user churn by actively guiding users to better understand the value of the product as well as how to capture it (Murphy, 2016; Noel, 2018)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":461581808,"citingcorpusid":26643779,"citedcorpusid":7677135,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…Behbehani et al (2016)23 Esen et al (2016)25 Fernandes et al (2013)27 Gonzalez–Lopez et al (2014)31 Hokazono et al (2013)33 Huang–Link et al (2015)34 Kaushik et al (2013)35 Khalil et al (2016)36 Oberwahrenbrock et al (2013)6 Park et al (2014)44 Schneider et al (2013)49† Soufi et al (2015)51…","The SD-OCT devices used were from Heidelberg Engineering (Heidelberg, Germany), Carl Zeiss Meditec (Dublin, CA, USA), Optovue Inc (Fremont, CA, USA), and Topcon Corporation (Tokyo, Japan).","Age (years) EDSS score Disease duration* Multiple sclerosis criteria\nOptic neuritis criteria MSNON (n)† MSON (n)† Control (n) OCT device\nAl-Louzi et al (2016)20\n88% in multiple sclerosis group; no data for control group 36 (9) NA 7 (3–11) years McDonald 2010\nIn-house 33 33 NA Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec)\nBalk et al (2014)21 68% in multiple sclerosis group and 65% in control group 54 (10) in multiple sclerosis group and 51 (7) in control group 4 (1–8) 20 (7) years McDonald 2005\nNot specified 230 106 63 Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)\nBehbehani et al (2015)22 64% in multiple sclerosis group and 65% in control group 30 (9) in multiple sclerosis group and 30 (6) in control group 2·21 (1·34) 37 (9) months McDonald 2010\nNot specified 104 32 51 3D OCT 2000 (Topcon Corporation)\nBehbehani et al (2016)23 60% in multiple sclerosis group and 40% in control group 27 (2) in multiple sclerosis group and 29 (5) in control group NA 14 (11) days Not applicable Not specified NA 10 10 Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec)\nChilinska et al (2016)24\n58% in multiple sclerosis group and 58%‡ in control group 45 (21–72) in multiple sclerosis group; no data provided for control group Mean 4·5 (2–6·5)\n13 (4–39) years McDonald§ Not specified 59 34 (eyes) 28 Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)\nCostello et al (2015)14\n84% in multiple sclerosis group; no control group 36 (9) in multiple sclerosis group\nNA 29 months (34) Not specified In-house¶ 19 50 NA Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec)\nEsen et al (2016)25\n66% in multiple sclerosis group and 67% in control group 40 (9) in multiple sclerosis group and 39 (8) in control group Mean 2·1 (0–5·5)\n92 months (64) McDonald 2010\nIn-house 47 27 30 Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec)\nFeng et al (2013)26\n50% in optic neuritis group and 36% in non-optic neuritis group 44 (16) in optic neuritis group and 31 (9) in non-optic neuritis group NA 83 months (82) in optic neuritis group and 61 months (74) in non-optic neuritis group McDonald 2010\nNot specified 28 16 NA Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec)\nFernandes et al (2013)27 87% in MSON group, 86% in MSNON group, and 78% in control group|| 34·3 (8·7) in MSON group, 35·3 (10·2) in MSNON group, and 36·0 (12·5) in control group NA 5 years (1–26) in MSON group and 3 years (1–21) in MSNON group McDonald 2001\nIn-house 29 44 45 3D OCT-2000 (Topcon Corporation)\nFjeldstad et al (2011)28\nNA 42 (2) in multiple sclerosis group and 33 (3) in control group NA NA McDonald 2001\nNot applicable 30 NA 60 Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec)\nGarcia-Martin et al (2013)29\n67% in multiple sclerosis group and 67% in control group 42 (10) in multiple sclerosis group and 42 (11) in control group\nMean 2·45 (0–8)\n9·2 years (0·5–39) McDonald 2001\nIn-house 106 31 (eyes) 115 Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)\nGelfand et al (2012)30\n80% in CIS group, 72% in RRMS group, 68% in SPMS group, 45% in PPMS group, and 57% in control group 39 (10) in CIS group, 42 (11) in RRMS group, 51 (11) in SPMS group, 52 (12) in PPMS group, and 35 (11) in control group 1·5 (1–2) in CIS group, 2 (1·5–3·5) in RRMS group, 5·5 (4–6·5) in SPMS group, 5·5 (4–6·5) in PPMS group 1 year (0–3) in CIS group, 7 years (3–12) in RRMS group, 14 years (6–21) in SPMS group, and 9 years (4–12) in PPMS group McDonald 2005\nIn-house 541 262 (eyes)\n60 Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)\nGonzález-López et al (2014)31 63% in multiple sclerosis group and 57% in control group 40 (10) in multiple sclerosis group and 37 (10) in control group Mean 2·4 (1·7) 6·8 years (7) McDonald 2005\nIn-house 36 (eyes) 104 (eyes)\n70 Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec)\nHadhoum et al (2015)32 61% in multiple sclerosis group; no control group 34 (19–54) 2 (0–6) 86 months (6–237) Not specified Petzold et al (2014)11 25 25 NA Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)**\nHokazono et al (2013)33 86% in multiple sclerosis group and 100% in control group 36·8 (11·5) in multiple sclerosis group and 36·0 (12·5) in control group NA 5 years (1–26) McDonald 2010\nIn-house 22 (eyes) 29 (eyes) 26 3D OCT-1000 (Topcon Corporation)\n(Table continues on next page)\nwww.thelancet.com/neurology Vol 16 October 2017 801\nWomen (","Balk et al (2014)21 Fernandes et al (2013 )27 Hokazono et al (2013)33 Kaushik et al (2013)35 Oberwahrenbrock et al (2013)6 Schneider et al (2013)49 Sriram et al (2012)53 Walter et al (2012)55 Total (95% CI)\n42·3 31·4 31·7 42·9 34·9 39·3 43·5 45 (3) (2·7) (2·5) (6) (2·2) (3·1) (4·2) (5·6)\n144 45 29…","…44 (12) in multiple sclerosis group and 40 (14) in control group 1 (0–5) 11 years (0·5–38) McDonald 2005\nIn-house 36 12 34 Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec)\nKaushik et al (2013)35\n78% in multiple sclerosis group and 75% in control group 39·5 (9·8) in multiple sclerosis group and 39·5 (10·7) in…","The four SD-OCT devices used are indicated as H (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering; Heidelberg, Germany), Z (Cirrus, Carl Zeiss Meditec; Dublin, CA, USA), O (RTVue, Optovue Inc; Fremont, CA, USA), and T (3D OCT-2000, Topcon Corporation; Tokyo, Japan).","The three SD-OCT devices used are indicated as H (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering; Heidelberg, Germany), Z (Cirrus, Carl Zeiss Meditec; Dublin, CA, USA), and T (3D OCT-2000, Topcon Corporation; Tokyo, Japan).","Age (years) EDSS score Disease duration* Multiple sclerosis criteria\nOptic neuritis criteria MSNON (n)† MSON (n)† Control (n) OCT device\n(Continued from previous page)\nSchnurman et al (2014)50 78% in multiple sclerosis group and not specified in control group 44 (9) in multiple sclerosis group and 31 (11) in control group 2·7 (1–6·5) 8·9 years (5·8) McDonald 2010\nIn-house 18 18 18 Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)\nSoufi et al (2015)51\n81% in multiple sclerosis group and 26% in control group 37 (10) in multiple sclerosis group and 31 (7) in control group 3·2 (2·2) 5 years (2–7) McDonald 2010\nNot specified 31 7 31 3D OCT-2000 (Topcon Corporation)\nSriram et al (2014)52\n69% in multiple sclerosis group and 69% in control group Age-matched (not further specified)\nNA 4·7 years (2·9) Not specified In-house 58 0 25 Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)\nSriram et al (2012)53\n60% in multiple sclerosis group and 61% in control group 37 (9) in multiple sclerosis group and 37 (10) in control group NA 3·7 years (0·8) McDonald 2001\nIn-house 15 15 18 Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)\nSyc et al (2012)54 71% in multiple sclerosis group and 70% in control group 42 (10) in multiple sclerosis group and 41 (8) in control group NA 12 years (9) Not specified In-house 98 20 50 Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec)\nWalter et al (2012)55\n65% in multiple sclerosis group and 66% in control group 43 (14) in multiple sclerosis group and 37 (10) in control group 2 (0–8·5) 9 years (11) McDonald 2005\nIn-house 213 52 47 Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)\nXu et al (2016)56 75% in multiple sclerosis group 71% in control group 45 in multiple sclerosis group*** and 41 in control group\nNA 11 years McDonald 2010\nIn-house 76 30 24 Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec)\nZimmermann et al (2013)57\n73% in multiple sclerosis group\n41 (9) in multiple sclerosis group\n2 (0–6) 79 months (58) McDonald 2005\nIn-house 77 (eyes) 46 (eyes) NA Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec)\nData are presented as %, mean (SD), median (range), n, or as stated.","Age (years) EDSS score Disease duration* Multiple sclerosis criteria\nOptic neuritis criteria MSNON (n)† MSON (n)† Control (n) OCT device\n(Continued from previous page)\nHuang-Link et al (2015)34 72% in multiple sclerosis group and 73% in control group 44 (12) in multiple sclerosis group and 40 (14) in control group 1 (0–5) 11 years (0·5–38) McDonald 2005\nIn-house 36 12 34 Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec)\nKaushik et al (2013)35\n78% in multiple sclerosis group and 75% in control group 39·5 (9·8) in multiple sclerosis group and 39·5 (10·7) in control group NA Mean 52 months (range 3–178) McDonald 2001\nIn-house 0 36 36 Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)\nKhalil et al (2016)36\n79% in multiple sclerosis group and 83% in control group 34 (8) in multiple sclerosis group and 36 (9) in control group 4·9 (1·7) 7 years (6) McDonald 2005\nVoss et al (2011)12\n68 30 (eyes) 23 RTVue (Optovue Inc)\nKhanifar et al (2010)37\n68% in multiple sclerosis group\n39 (26–69) NA Median 31 months (range NA) Not specified In-house 47 25 (eyes) NA Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)\nKlistorner et al (2014)38 74% in multiple sclerosis group and control group were sex-matched 40·2 (11·6) in multiple sclerosis group years and control group were age-matched NA 4·8 years (3·1) Not specified In-house 53 0 50 Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)\nKnier et al (2016)39\n76% in multiple sclerosis group and 59% in control group 52·8 (8·8) in multiple sclerosis group and 49·0 (10·2) in control group 2·5 (1·0–3·0) 24·9 years (7·2) Poser 1965 or McDonald 2005 In-house 25 (eyes) 33 (eyes) 29 Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)\nLange et al (2013)40\n92% in multiple sclerosis group and 88% in control group 44 (9) in multiple sclerosis group and 49 (10) in control group 2·5 (1–6·5) 12 years (8) McDonald 2005\nNot specified 25 20 50 Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)\nModvig et al (2016)41\n83% in control group; not provided for multiple sclerosis group 33 in control group NA NA Not specified In-house 47†† 43 (eyes)‡‡ 30 Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec)\nNarayanan et al (2014)42 76·7% in multiple sclerosis group 43·4 (11·1) NA 8·5 years (8·0) McDonald 2005\nBecket al13 149 98 0 Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec)\nOberwahrenbrock et al (2012)43 66% in multiple sclerosis group and 67% in control group 41 (10) in multiple sclerosis group and 35 (10) in control group 2 (0–8) 107 months (90) McDonald 2005\nNot specified 414 183 (eyes)\n94 Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)\nOberwahrenbrock et al (2013)6 69% in multiple sclerosis group and 69% in control group 32 (8) in multiple sclerosis group and 32 (8) in control group 1 (0–4) NA McDonald 2010\nIn-house 45 16 45 Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)\nPark et al (2014)44\n73% in multiple sclerosis group and 66% in control group 32 (3) in multiple sclerosis group and 41 (12) in control group NA 2 years (0·6) McDonald 2005\nNot specified 15 15 24 Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)\nPetracca et al (2016)45\n56% in multiple sclerosis group and 56% in control group 52 (32–65) in multiple sclerosis group and 51 (34–63) in control group 4 (1·5–6) 9 years (5) McDonald 2010\nNot applicable 25 0 20 Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)\nRebolleda, et al (2011)46 68% in multiple sclerosis group\nMedian 39 (range NA)\nNA Median 2·5 years (range NA) Not specified In-house 18 (eyes)§§ 18 NA Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec)¶¶\nSaidha et al (2015)47\n75% in multiple sclerosis group\n44·2 (12·1) Median 3 (IQR 2–6)\nMedian 10 years (IQR 4–16)\nMcDonald 2010\nIn-house 60 (eyes) 154 (eyes)\n0 Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec)\nSalari et al (2015)48\n92% in multiple sclerosis group\n27 (5) NA NA McDonald 2010\nIn-house 52 52 (eyes)|||| NA 3D OCT-1000 (Topcon Corporation)\nSchneider et al (2013)49 94% in multiple sclerosis group and 94% in control group 41 (13) in multiple sclerosis group and 41 (12) in control group NA 65 months (36) McDonald 2010\nIn-house 17 20 (eyes) 17 Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering)\n(Table continues on next page)\n802 www.thelancet.com/neurology Vol 16 October 2017\nwith multiple sclerosis, the atrophy in MSON eyes was greater than that in MSNON eyes (figure 2C).","…to –21·37) –33·70 (–45·45 to –21·95) –24·50 (–32·94 to –16·06) –22·80 (–25·27 to –20·33) –19·30 (–28·25 to –10·35) –30·00 (–34·80 to –25·20) Not estimable –14·80 (–21·67 to –7·93) –27·00 (–35·45 to –18·55) –14·70 (–18·07 to –11·33) –14·50 (–18·29 to –10·71) –23·50 (–29·54 to –17·46) –20·10…"],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3859585457,"citingcorpusid":251233172,"citedcorpusid":7677135,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[", 2012) and 14% (Kaushik et al., 2013) with a mean rate of 3.","The INL enlargement was associated with the severity of GCL and RNFL loss (Farci et al., 2020; Kaushik et al., 2013).","In the INL, microcystoid spaces may represent the extreme evolution of INL thickening (Kaushik et al., 2013).",", 2012) or only some degree of INL thickening with or without cystoid spaces (Abegg et al., 2012; Kaushik et al., 2013; Oertel et al., 2021; Saidha et al., 2012; Schurz et al., 2021), invalidating the hypothesis of a retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1890626192,"citingcorpusid":16740001,"citedcorpusid":35275903,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The World Health Organization (WHO) includes pulse oximetry as a component of its Surgical Safety Checklist, which is recommended for use in every operating theatre.(1) However, it has recently been estimated that pulse oximetry is unavailable in 51–70% of operating theatres in low-income countries,(3) partly because of the high purchase cost of a standard commercial tabletop pulse oximeter – approximately 1000 United States dollars (US$).","Page 2 of 20 recommends its routine use for every patient undergoing anaesthesia in the world.(1,2) The World Health Organization (WHO) includes pulse oximetry as a component of its Surgical Safety Checklist, which is recommended for use in every operating theatre."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":289290345,"citingcorpusid":37568357,"citedcorpusid":25029008,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2693723262,"citingcorpusid":20531776,"citedcorpusid":38692026,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We identified key variables that assess traditional cardiovascular risk factors; the variables selected were systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, tobacco use, alcohol use, exercise (expressed as total MET-hours/week, where MET is defined as the ratio of work metabolic rate to a standard resting metabolic rate(10)), body mass index, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and glucose abnormalities."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3720875596,"citingcorpusid":247300908,"citedcorpusid":86591900,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Mortality events that happen in early life can be a bottleneck for the recruitment of individuals to a population, with sometimes disproportionate effects on community composition (Fenner & Thompson, 2005; James et al., 2011; Rother et al., 2013; Roughgarden et al., 1988; Turnbull et al., 2000).","Regardless of the exact mechanism causing premature fruit drop, the resulting seed mortality could— if it reduces the number of viable seeds produced by the plant— have important effects on plant population and community dynamics (Turnbull et al., 2000).","Seed production and seed survival are critical elements in the life cycle of a plant, giving rise to the next generation and mediating population- and community- level dynamics (Clark et al., 2007; Green et al., 2014; Maron & Crone, 2006; Turnbull et al., 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2527295924,"citingcorpusid":137251653,"citedcorpusid":36523817,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1609015024,"citingcorpusid":131465727,"citedcorpusid":86591900,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recruitment dynamics, therefore, resembled a modified lottery (Turnbull et al. 2000) where more added seed led to more seedling establishment but the probability of success was partially contingent on habitat conditions along with the life history attributes of the species."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3163700896,"citingcorpusid":226851009,"citedcorpusid":207483451,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several Fc-fusion based drugs (also termed immunoadhesins) have been approved for therapeutic use in humans [42]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2029416223,"citingcorpusid":143426093,"citedcorpusid":207483451,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":441030928,"citingcorpusid":9757325,"citedcorpusid":86591900,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Given the potential for seedling recruitment in the spring to be seed-limited in the summer annuals studied here (Turnbull et al. 2000), potential seed rain was estimated for the focus species by multiplying the number of seeds (or burs in Cenchrus) per plant by the number of plants per m(2).","Given the potential for seedling recruitment in the spring to be seed-limited in the summer annuals studied here (Turnbull et al. 2000), potential seed rain was estimated for the focus species by multiplying the number of seeds (or burs in Cenchrus) per plant by the number of plants per m2."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1020794504,"citingcorpusid":88603415,"citedcorpusid":86591900,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The dispersal of seeds is a stochastic, distance-limited process that may limit the recruitment of individual species (reviewed by Turnbull et al. 2000).","Most seed-addition experiments pit a one-time seed addition against ongoing continuously varying environmental conditions (Turnbull et al. 2000).","addition against ongoing continuously varying environmental conditions (Turnbull et al. 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":535208759,"citingcorpusid":53975197,"citedcorpusid":86591900,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It was suggested that recording of transplant data should be extended from 1 or 2 years to longer periods in order to have better estimates of true dispersal and recruitment limitation in perennial plants ( Turnbull et al . 2000;  Gustaffson et al . 2002; Graae et al . 2004).","Nevertheless, several studies have stressed the importance of establishment conditions compared with germination ( Turnbull et al . 2000;  Graae et al . 2004).","Turnbull et al . 2000;  Gustafsson et al . 2002; Verheyen & Hermy 2004) and larger geographical scales (Primack & Miao 1992; Ehrlen & Eriksson 1996; Eriksson 1998)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3272973612,"citingcorpusid":82214213,"citedcorpusid":86591900,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2679208132,"citingcorpusid":12628509,"citedcorpusid":86591900,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This finding is consistent with the demonstrated importance of propagule pressure for invasion success (Von Holle and Simberloff 2005) and supports a large body of research demonstrating that many plant communities contain unoccupied microsites even at high competition (Turnbull et al. 2000)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":2341438752,"citingcorpusid":25083424,"citedcorpusid":86591900,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…2015 1325DEFOLIATION AFFECTS SEEDLING DYNAMICS\nby safe sites and by disturbances such as fire, rather than\nby seed availability (Grubb 1977, Turnbull et al. 2000,\nUriarte et al. 2010) and that harvest impacts seedling\ndynamics through changes in seedling survival, rather\nthan changes in…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2712998779,"citingcorpusid":84660907,"citedcorpusid":86591900,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":588476633,"citingcorpusid":54991544,"citedcorpusid":86591900,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Primack & Miao 1992; Eriksson 1998; Ehrlen & Eriksson 2000;  Turnbull et al . 2000 ) and slow colonization may lead to low occupancy at younger sites (i.e."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1181452739,"citingcorpusid":37239570,"citedcorpusid":95544655,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Upconverting nanoparticles are not only useful for biomedical imaging but also photodynamic therapy.(7,8) By conjugating a photosensitive molecule whose absorption overlaps with the emission lines of the nanoparticle, energy may be transferred resonantly from the emitter to the photosensitive molecule."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2616229933,"citingcorpusid":140850900,"citedcorpusid":153460132,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The term PLC has several definitions and can take different forms; however, researchers have identified particular components that must be in place for an organization to function as a learning community (Dufour, 2004; Hord, 1997a; Lambert, 1997)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":248199948,"citingcorpusid":16738028,"citedcorpusid":23739363,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Based on many studies linking apoptosis to autoimmune responses (Casciola-Rosen et al., 1994; Huggins et al., 1999; van Nieuwenhuijze et al., 2003; Hall et al., 2004), we have hypothesized that silica-associated autoimmunity may be triggered through apoptotic events that expose new or modified…","Based on many studies linking apoptosis to autoimmune responses (Casciola-Rosen et al., 1994; Huggins et al., 1999; van Nieuwenhuijze et al., 2003; Hall et al., 2004), we have hypothesized that silica-associated autoimmunity may be triggered through apoptotic events that expose new or modified epitopes that become antigenic (Brown et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":604066311,"citingcorpusid":56368625,"citedcorpusid":168614410,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":4064253901,"citingcorpusid":253303059,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The processes of pretreatment (three-step sequential extraction method) for extracting different fractions of OPEs in sediments have been described in previous studies (Fan et al. 2021; Wang 2015; Xu 2014).","2021; Wang 2015; Xu 2014)."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":2214954367,"citingcorpusid":134572345,"citedcorpusid":86562631,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Field experiments have shown that near-bottom current speed (16 cm off-bottom) and hard clam growth followed a parabolic function (Grizzle and Lutz, 1989).","While bottom sediment grain size is generally directly correlated to the flow regime, Grizzle and Lutz (1989) and Grizzle and Morin (1989), in a transplant experiment, found that, in general, flow characteristics (horizontal flux) were more important than sediment type in influencing the growth of…","Because seston concentrations and current speeds vary concurrently, the latter alone are not a good predictor of growth of clams in nature (Grizzle and Lutz, 1989)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":568423472,"citingcorpusid":56070387,"citedcorpusid":73661237,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["several subgalls with more complex ontogeny and structure [24, 65].","The Adelgidae and many galling species in the tribe Cerataphidini of Hormaphidinae produce multiplecavity galls (see [65])."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":303316649,"citingcorpusid":13646355,"citedcorpusid":144313147,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Likewise, studies on British youth (16 yr olds who left school) (Jackson et al., 1983) and Australian school leavers (Winefield et al., 1991) found that psychological distress decreased after individuals’ gained employment, and psychological distress increased when employment status changed from…",", 1983) and Australian school leavers (Winefield et al., 1991) found that psychological distress decreased after individuals’ gained employment, and psychological distress increased when employment status changed from employment to unemployment (Jackson et al.","Winefield et al. (1991), like Graetz (1993) and Linn et al. (1985), found no differences in health at the start of the study (when all participants were students), but Jackson et al. (1983) did find differences in psychological distress that could predict these trends."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3797387012,"citingcorpusid":230610588,"citedcorpusid":225141540,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Examples include interventions promoting use of reusable cups across a university campus in Wales [8] and Australia [9]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3475158493,"citingcorpusid":237538200,"citedcorpusid":135839684,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["During heating to homogenisation temperature, first α-Al(Fe,Mn)Si phases or metastable precursors thereof will precipitate [20,41].","Note that for both types of Mn-bearing dispersoids, Al6(Mn,Fe) and α-Al(Fe,Mn)Si, the Mn/Fe ratio was larger than in the constituent phases [18,20]; as a matter of fact, in a large portion of dispersoids, no","In Mg-free AA 3xxx alloys, it has repeatedly been described that precipitation of Mn-bearing dispersoids begins at around 300 °C and reaches a maximum at around 500 °C [20,21,39,40], which is reflected in a noticeable decrease in electrical resistivity (Figure 11(a))."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":938058586,"citingcorpusid":37616121,"citedcorpusid":144171148,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Secondly, experience with punishment results in offenders’ adjusting their perception of punishment certainty upward (Apel, 2012; Piquero & Pogarsky, 2002)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":259661643,"citingcorpusid":766415,"citedcorpusid":2449923,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In contrast, INS-1 cell proliferation stimulated by IGF-I does involve MAPK activation [ 12 ].","IGF-I stimulates beta-cell proliferation mainly via tyrosine autophosphorylation activation of the IGF-I-receptor tyrosine kinase which, in turn, results in a downstream tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate- 2 (IRS-2) and a subsequent activation of phosphatidylinositol-3’-kinase (PI3’K), as well as protein kinase B (PKB), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and 70 kD S6 kinase (p70S6k) [7,  12 ].","In contrast, the involvement of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) is only observed at low, subphysiological concentrations of glucose [6, 7,  12 ]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":784088393,"citingcorpusid":13665190,"citedcorpusid":1549602,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Evidence suggests that the association of COPD with rs8034191:T>C may be mediated by smoking, while the association with rs13180:C>T is independent of smoking [21, 29]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3932897328,"citingcorpusid":118897268,"citedcorpusid":118332685,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Now, after the end of\n6 the CGRO mission, roughly 25 Seyferts are detected by the OSSE (e.g., Johnson et al., 1997) and BATSE experiments (e.g., Bassani et al., 1996; Maliza et al., 1997)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3984453742,"citingcorpusid":234888319,"citedcorpusid":138805707,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Ma and Clarke [24] Nix and Gao [25] proposed the strain gradient plasticity (SGP) theory based on Taylor dislocation theory which described the size effect in the deformation process of micro scale materials."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1110520639,"citingcorpusid":136111425,"citedcorpusid":138805707,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Instrumented indentation systems have been used to study a variety of materials: dislocation behavior in metals [129], fracture behavior in ceramics [130], mechanical behavior of thin films [131], bone [132], and time-dependent creep behavior in soft metals [133] and polymers [127, 134-135]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1588429123,"citingcorpusid":122083140,"citedcorpusid":138805707,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) that cause additional hardening (e.g. Ashby, 1970; Stelmashenko et al., 1993; De Guzman et al., 1993; Fleck et al., 1994; Ma and Clarke, 1995; Arsenlis and Parks, 1999; Busso et al., 2000; Tymiak et al., 2001; Swadener et al., 2002; Gao and Huang, 2003).","For instance, many authors tend to write sf ¼ sref þ abG ffiffiffiffiffi qT p , where qT is a linear sum of qS and qG, such that qT = qS + qG (e.g. Ashby, 1970; Stelmashenko et al., 1993; De Guzman et al., 1993; Fleck et al., 1994; Ma and Clarke, 1995; Nix and Gao, 1998; etc.)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2591275480,"citingcorpusid":110849914,"citedcorpusid":5896748,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1692360926,"citingcorpusid":55965685,"citedcorpusid":35752318,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A ‘fast melt regime’ was used to prevent grazing of heterotrophs on viruses, and a ‘slow melt regime’ was used to minimize loss of delicate cells from osmotic shock (Garrison & Buck 1986).","‘Slow melt regime’ core sections (for bulk community preparations) were placed in 1 l of 0.2 µm filtered seawater (Garrison & Buck 1986) and allowed to melt in the dark at approximately 2°C."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":819011530,"citingcorpusid":26594468,"citedcorpusid":138805707,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…scales, as observed in the experiments of micro-twist (Flect et al., 1994), micro-bend (Stolken and Evans, 1998) and micro-indentation (Nix, 1989, 1997; de Guzman et al., 1993; Stelmashenko et al., 1993; Ma and Clarke, 1995; Poole et al., 1996; McElhaney et al., 1998; Suresh et al., 1999).",", 1994), micro-bend (Stolken and Evans, 1998) and micro-indentation (Nix, 1989, 1997; de Guzman et al., 1993; Stelmashenko et al., 1993; Ma and Clarke, 1995; Poole et al., 1996; McElhaney et al., 1998; Suresh et al., 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4116515315,"citingcorpusid":258887821,"citedcorpusid":7164502,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It is observed that the style of clinical text descriptions does not significantly affect most metrics, except for METEOR [49], where P3 achieves the highest METEOR score and P1 obtains the lowest.","To evaluate the performance of LLM-aided diagnosis, we used several widely-used Natural Language Generation (NLG) metrics, including BLEU [44], METEOR [45], and ROUGE-L [46].","Compared with R2GenCMN, which imitates the human language style well while weak in diagnostic accuracy, ChatCAD+ also shows better performance on METEOR and Corpus BLEU, indicating that ChatCAD+ possesses both proficient report generation and diagnostic capability without favoring either.","Specifically, BLEU measures the similarity between generated and ground-truth reports by counting word overlap, whereas METEOR considers synonym substitution and evaluates performance on both sentence level and report level."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],null,null]}
{"citationid":1695453288,"citingcorpusid":205326943,"citedcorpusid":5896748,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In fact, several SZ genes have been found to play pivotal roles in the proliferation of neural progenitors [Mao et al., 2009; Luo et al., 2012], which may influence the total number of neurons and brain volume variation through regulating neural progenitor pool."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1152958842,"citingcorpusid":157376417,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["11 Snidal 1985 argues that “the common presumption of recent analyses that hegemony is widely beneficial rests on such special assumptions that it should be rejected”. It is not clear that violence will decrease if an area transitions from multi-polar to bi-polar to mono-polar worlds. Grossman (2002) argues that the benefits to a state system versus anarchy depends “on the effectiveness of the technology of predation”. Tullock (1974, 2006) occupies a middle ground when he questions the regularity and importance of the “balance of power”. 8For one, the terms “anarchy” and “power” are often inconsistent across authors or not present at all (Snidal 1985, Donnelly 2015). Höhn (2011)provides a large encyclopedia of the different measures of power. 9Alesina and Spolaore (2005) is an exception that explicitly considers geography 10Political scientists have long looked at civil conflicts. There is also a burgeoning economic literature on violence and contestants within a nation (Acemoglu, Fergusson, et al. 2016, North, Wallis, and Weingast 2009). Another international-relations literature focuses on the violence between governments. 11Wittman (1991) argues generally that “At some point, dis-economies of scale arise.","11 Snidal 1985 argues that “the common presumption of recent analyses that hegemony is widely beneficial rests on such special assumptions that it should be rejected”. It is not clear that violence will decrease if an area transitions from multi-polar to bi-polar to mono-polar worlds. Grossman (2002) argues that the benefits to a state system versus anarchy depends “on the effectiveness of the technology of predation”. Tullock (1974, 2006) occupies a middle ground when he questions the regularity and importance of the “balance of power”. 8For one, the terms “anarchy” and “power” are often inconsistent across authors or not present at all (Snidal 1985, Donnelly 2015). Höhn (2011)provides a large encyclopedia of the different measures of power. 9Alesina and Spolaore (2005) is an exception that explicitly considers geography 10Political scientists have long looked at civil conflicts.","11 Snidal 1985 argues that “the common presumption of recent analyses that hegemony is widely beneficial rests on such special assumptions that it should be rejected”. It is not clear that violence will decrease if an area transitions from multi-polar to bi-polar to mono-polar worlds. Grossman (2002) argues that the benefits to a state system versus anarchy depends “on the effectiveness of the technology of predation”. Tullock (1974, 2006) occupies a middle ground when he questions the regularity and importance of the “balance of power”. 8For one, the terms “anarchy” and “power” are often inconsistent across authors or not present at all (Snidal 1985, Donnelly 2015). Höhn (2011)provides a large encyclopedia of the different measures of power.","11 Snidal 1985 argues that “the common presumption of recent analyses that hegemony is widely beneficial rests on such special assumptions that it should be rejected”. It is not clear that violence will decrease if an area transitions from multi-polar to bi-polar to mono-polar worlds. Grossman (2002) argues that the benefits to a state system versus anarchy depends “on the effectiveness of the technology of predation”."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":49236412,"citingcorpusid":43637232,"citedcorpusid":5896748,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["correlations between abnormal AHN and aspects of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (Pieper et al., 2005; Duan et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2009; Mao et al., 2009).","Disrupted adult neurogenesis may elicit broad impairments observed in schizophrenia encompassing cognitive, positive, and affective symptoms (Mao et al., 2009; Revest et al., 2009).","Several studies using transgenic animal models have demonstrated correlations between abnormal AHN and aspects of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (Pieper et al., 2005; Duan et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2009; Mao et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1054122254,"citingcorpusid":113705584,"citedcorpusid":56078722,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Ce constat rejoint d’autres travaux qui expliquent la faible adoption de la révolution verte en Afrique et dans les Caraïbes avec ses propositions « top down » (COOKE et MORGAN 1994; CARLSSON 2006 ; NYEMECK et NKAMLEU 2006; BRUNO, et al. 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":587613477,"citingcorpusid":56001657,"citedcorpusid":37463078,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["3 Evidence suggests that agents use simple heuristics ( Janicik and Larrick, 2005 ), and that their perception","3Evidence suggests that agents use simple heuristics (Janicik and Larrick, 2005), and that their perception of the network is biased (e.g. Kumbasar et al., 1994), even in an environment with strong incentives (Johnson and Orbach, 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2101409474,"citingcorpusid":144978533,"citedcorpusid":141817774,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Other researchers focused on crime and claimed that intelligence had a direct relationship with crime (Goddard, 1914; Terman, 1916; Yerkes, 1921)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":990927828,"citingcorpusid":73734675,"citedcorpusid":20512165,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["En revanche, dans d’autres études [23] et enquêtes nationales, en particulier dans l’enquête DRAMES, il est noté une forte implication des médicaments de substitution aux opiacés, en particulier de la méthadone, la buprénorphine étant beaucoup plus faiblement représentée, ceci malgré un accès plus facile sur simple prescription."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1865537435,"citingcorpusid":38248834,"citedcorpusid":12308849,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["CIH aortas had higher MLCK mRNA and basal phosphorylation of MYPT1 and MLC.","4,10,23,28 Ang II-mediated vascular hyperresponsiveness has been demonstrated in several hypertension models including SHR, stroke-prone SHR, DOCA-salt hypertensive and renal hypertensive rats.19 However, there exist contradictory findings concerning vasoreactivity to norepinephrine (NE), PE, ET-1, KCl and Ang II.4,5,10,23,28 Notably, animal model (fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) 5%, 8 h/d, 35 days) used by Lefebvre is prone to heart infarction rather than elevation in blood pressure or body weight.23 Conversely, our rat model is associated with increased MABP and body weight gain.22 These controversial results can be ascribed to different experimental protocols in aspect of the cycle length, severity of hypoxia, frequency of apnea cycles and exposure duration, as well as the variations in the vessels studied.23,28\nDespite the discrepancies in Ang II-generated vascular reactivity following CIH exposure, previous data have elucidated a specific and critical role of Ang II in the pathogenesis of hypertension and that altered molecular signaling could be fundamental in the pathological processes of blood pressure elevation.11,16,19 ERK1/2 are activated by Ang II-stimulated amplified levels of sequential PKC, phospholipase D (PLD)-mediated scaffolding, β-arrestin-mediated internalization of AT1R and transactivation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors.11,17,26 Accumulated researches indicate enhanced ERK activity may underlie hypercontractile responsiveness to Ang II in the development of hypertension,15,17,19,26 either through PKC-mediated mechanisms and Src-dependent pathways18,26 or due to inhibition of its upstream protein mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1).21 However, there are only a few researches investigating the relationship between CIH exposure and ERK.","In normotensive rat mesenteric arteries, it has been found Raf-1-mediated MYPT1 and MLC phosphorylation occurs without significant changes in ERK activation.25 By contrast, enhanced constriction of pregnant ovine uterine arteries to PE is owing to the increased MYPT1 phosphorylation via ERK1/2 activation37 and Ang II could induce MYPT1 phosphorylation at Thr853.","Inhibition of MLCP catalytic activity by phosphorylation of MYPT1 at Thr(696) and Thr(853) or CPI-17 reduces the affinity of MYPT1 to myosin and thus increases the phosphorylated MLC.(12,13) However, the role of MYPT1 phosphorylated at Thr(696) in regulating MLCP activity remains controversial and could not be induced by Ang II.","By contrast, enhanced constriction of pregnant ovine uterine arteries to PE is owing to the increased MYPT1 phosphorylation via ERK1/2 activation(37) and Ang II could induce MYPT1 phosphorylation at Thr(853).(13) Thus it is reasonable to speculate ERK-mediated vasoconstriction should be agonist-specific.","Normalized phosphorylated MYPT1 and MLC of CIH-treated aortic segments was increased by Ang II from 1.28±0.25 and 1.63±0.21 at the basal level to 3.14±0.52 and 5.52±0.89 respectively, which was 1.2- and 1.3-fold as much as the amplitude of CON group, suggesting much higher activity of contractile proteins in response to Ang II.","However, the role of MYPT1 phosphorylated at Thr(696) in regulating MLCP activity remains controversial and could not be induced by Ang II.(13) In addition to the classic PLCmediated pathways, vasoactive actions of Ang II can also be mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)mediated calcium mobilization(14) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)-dependent pathways.","Inhibition of MLCP catalytic activity by phosphorylation of MYPT1 at Thr696 and Thr853 or CPI-17 reduces the affinity of MYPT1 to myosin and thus increases the phosphorylated MLC.12,13 However, the role of MYPT1 phosphorylated at Thr696 in regulating MLCP activity remains controversial and could not be induced by Ang II.13 In addition to the classic PLCmediated pathways, vasoactive actions of Ang II can also be mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)mediated calcium mobilization14 and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)-dependent pathways.11,15-20 ERK1/2, as the major signaling molecules of MAPKs family, participate in the regulation of Ang II-induced smooth muscle contraction15,19,20 and hence blood pressure control.16,17 ERK1/2 phosphorylation is augmented by Ang II stimulaiton in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from hypertensive animals11 such as Ang II-induced hypertension,16 spontaneously hypertension,18,19 DOCAsalt hypertension.21 Whereas PD98059 or U0126, known as MEK inhibitors, could decrease the magnitude of Ang IIgenerated contraction of VSMCs and abrogate the increase in blood pressure.15-17,19 And it has been proposed that upregulation of Ang II-mediated vascular signaling events in hypertension is primarily occurred in the post-receptor level regulation.11,19\nThe present study investigated the functional consequences of CIH on Ang II-induced aortic constriction and the possible signaling involving ERK and contractile proteins namely MYPT1 (Thr853) and MLC (Ser19) in an OSA model prone to elevated blood pressure.22","These events lead to a rapid rise in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ((Ca2+)i), which stimulates the activation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and then the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) subsequently causing vascular contraction.11,12 The balance between MLCK and myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) determines the phosphorylation of\nMLC. MLCP is a heterotrimeric enzyme consisting of a myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT1), a catalytic subunit PP1c and an accessory subunit."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":1697375257,"citingcorpusid":31161620,"citedcorpusid":19152675,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Comprehensive details about NIES have been described previously.(9) In brief, we recruited permanent residents aged $15 years."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":4078806352,"citingcorpusid":203094650,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This scheme is based on the Gaussian divergence theorem for the volume integral of a gradient field (Greenshields, 2015; CFDDirect, 2017).","Time derivative terms are computed using an implicit, bounded first-order transient discretization scheme (CFDDirect, 2017).","CO;2-F. CFDDirect (2017) OpenFOAM v5 User Guide: 4.4 Numerical schemes."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":4089453105,"citingcorpusid":257889322,"citedcorpusid":5756638,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[70] synthesized temperature-sensitive hydrogels comprising acetic acid lignin (AAL) and Nisopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) by using N, N’-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm) as the crosslinker and H2O2 as the initiator during graft polymerization."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":227456315,"citingcorpusid":3429162,"citedcorpusid":14131677,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Considering relay selection in multi-hop wireless networks, it applied different multi-hop relaying schemes to improve the reliable communication to maximize transmission rate in [12], and it investigated the optimal number of hops and relays to maximize the rate for multi-hop networks in [13]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":928700751,"citingcorpusid":4850327,"citedcorpusid":5186416,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similar debates and controversies surround discussions of the nature of, and how best to respond to, other wicked problems, and there is a documented industry strategy to influence country positions, create debate and confusion, and delay government regulatory responses [6, 7]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3375995783,"citingcorpusid":229282404,"citedcorpusid":219564092,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A Swedish study investigating gambling during COVID-19 found that psychological distress was not associated with increased gambling after accounting for problem gambling severity and alcohol consumption.(9) However, a Canadian study found anxiety and depression symptoms were related to likelihood of gambling online.","Chi-square analysis indicated psychological distress was associated with increased gambling during the pandemic; however, only higher problem gambling severity and increased alcohol consumption had significant associations with increased gambling in multivariate analyses.(9) A","Psychological distress was not associated with increases in gambling, contrary to our hypotheses.(9) Previous research has shown psychological distress to be independently associated with problem gambling severity.","In Sweden, a survey of 2016 adults found only 4% of participants reported gambling more during the pandemic.(9) Chi-square analysis indicated psychological distress was associated with increased gambling during the pandemic; however, only higher problem gambling severity and increased alcohol consumption had significant associations with increased gambling in multivariate analyses."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1042123624,"citingcorpusid":90979510,"citedcorpusid":7813957,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In contrast to Goncalves and Pommerening (2012) who reported inhibition of cone production (mark) for Pinus pinea trees spatially segregated in pure even-aged stands in Portugal, we observed inhibition of biophysical properties of wild pistachios spatially aggregated on the study plot.","The function explores the squared differences of the marks belonged to pairs of trees at distance r (Goncalves and Pommerening, 2012; Ni et al., 2014; Fedriani et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3697648417,"citingcorpusid":246933002,"citedcorpusid":5474995,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This section presents the experimental results and evaluations performed using Google cluster trace data (Chen et al., 2010; Buchbinder et al., 2007) to investigate the performance of the novel online resource matching approach."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3166755678,"citingcorpusid":39549771,"citedcorpusid":18686879,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Baz1b is a mammalian bromodomain-containing protein, which is part of two different chromatin-remodeling complexes (WINAC SWI/SNF and WICH ISWI-containing) bound at promoters and replication foci (Bozhenok et al. 2002; Kitagawa et al. 2003)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1290598322,"citingcorpusid":21398202,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Prescott (2000) suggests that sulfa-resistance is often carried along with tetracycline resistance in plasmids."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":322270059,"citingcorpusid":38648633,"citedcorpusid":30191193,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["- - Langley, P.: Observations on lipolysis isolated adipose tissue cells.","An isolierten menschlichen Fettzellen konnten jedoch Burns und Langley [2] nnter Verwendung yon Rindcralbumin ebenfatls eine gesteigerte Glycerinfreisetzung mit dem lipol3~isch wirksamen Peptid DEAE II aus Menschenhypophysen beebachten."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1726212090,"citingcorpusid":209404836,"citedcorpusid":121806960,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["olic secant distribution are not all that common [38], [37]. There are a range of generalisations to the distribution with application to specific domains in finance and actuarial statistics; see [36], [39] and [37]. Figure 11(right) shows the probability density function of the f Probpqdistribution for three choices of . The exponential decay of the PDF is clear from the log-linear plot. All moments o"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2384622851,"citingcorpusid":152062138,"citedcorpusid":11619947,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Given some community studies had the similar results [24], a number of explanations have been proposed including (A) Refl ection of an attempt to self-medication for subjects’ underlying psychiatric comorbidity [25]; (B) Increasing impulsivity and aggressive behavior following use of hypnotics leads to a reduced threshold for taking action on suicide thoughts [24]; and (C) Refl ection of the easy access to a common lethal means for attempting suicide [26]."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":1727702776,"citingcorpusid":127295844,"citedcorpusid":25879903,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although onconase shows renal toxicity at high concentrations (Vasandani et al., 1999), different clinical studies have demonstrated that it is effective as an anticancer drug in the treatment of several human cancers.","The human pancreatic RNase (HP-RNase) does not show renal accumulation in vivo (Vasandani et al., 1999; Vasandani et al., 1996) and shows a 103-104-fold increase in RNase activity compared to onconase (Leland et al.","The human pancreatic RNase (HP-RNase) does not show renal accumulation in vivo (Vasandani et al., 1999; Vasandani et al., 1996) and shows a 103-104-fold increase in RNase activity compared to onconase (Leland et al., 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1727705242,"citingcorpusid":127295844,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Normal human fibroblasts N1, cervical cancer HeLa cell line (Gey et al., 1952) and human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (Soule et al., 1973), SK-BR-3 (Fogh, 1975) and MDA-MB231 (Cailleau et al., 1974) were obtained from Eucellbank (Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain).","Normal human fibroblasts N1, cervical cancer HeLa cell line (Gey et al., 1952) and human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (Soule et al."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2689402006,"citingcorpusid":56011786,"citedcorpusid":43181953,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This group of anthropod pathogens is characterized by their cigar-shaped nucleocapsid 200 - 400 nm long and 40 50 nm in diameter (Pieroni & La Monica 2001) containing a large covalently closed circular double stranded DNA molecule (Okano et al. 2006).","For entering the host cell, baculoviruses encode two different envelope fusion proteins: gp64 and F (Okano et al. 2006).","Before budding of BV or ODV, however, the host plasma membrane has to be modified by virally encoded envelope fusion proteins: the major 64-kDa glycoprotein gp64 or the proteins of LD130 family named `F` or Fusion proteins (Okano et al. 2006).","Based on the knowledge obtained from sequencing over 20 unique baculovirus genomes, baculoviruses are suggested to encode 90 - 180 genes of their total genome size raging from 82 kb to almost 180 kb (Okano et al. 2006).","This group of anthropod pathogens is characterized by their cigar-shaped nucleocapsid 200 - 400 nm long and 40 - 50 nm in diameter (Pieroni & La Monica 2001) contaiing a large covalently closed circular double stranded DNA molecule (Okano et al. 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1936558765,"citingcorpusid":217834111,"citedcorpusid":143445500,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Centered on an idea of “cultural inheritance” (Pemberton 1994: 154), the temporal aesthetics of the New Order revealed the attempt at erasing “the difference between past, present, and future, and thus flatten […] time––[…] and the extraordinary violence of the New Order’s own origins––into a…","…154), the temporal aesthetics of the New Order revealed the attempt at erasing “the difference between past, present, and future, and thus flatten […] time––[…] and the extraordinary violence of the New Order’s own origins––into a continuously presented present” (Pemberton 1994: 155, my emphasis).","According to Pemberton (1994), this aesthetic structure of temporality is epitomized\nin the cultural theme park constructed in the early 1970s by Suharto’s wife, Ibu Tien: Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (I: The Beautiful Indonesia in Miniature Park).","This politics of temporality was, according to Pemberton (1994), operationalized though the specific type of indexical-iconic regimentation in which the relationship between replica and original was conflated, or, better said, reversed.","Indeed, rather than operating as material signs pointing to past events that, through the monument’s durability, could be commemorated for by future “posterity”, Taman Mini monuments expressed the “obsession with connecting the past and the future in the form of a present” (Pemberton 1994: 155-6).","…of locality allow an aesthetic re-articulation of the New Order’s chronotopic representation of the nation-state as a spatial entity capable of “vertically encompassing” local communities (Ferguson and Gupta 2002) and existing in the immobile synchronicity of an eternal present (Pemberton 1994).","In a similar manner, the replicas of traditional houses were meant to exceed their original counterparts, presenting a stylized and a-temporal representation of “temporarily inhabitable customary spaces” (Pemberton 1994: 159).","Specifically, it undermined New Order “chronoptic representation as a vertical spatiality capable of synchronizing diachrony and erasing the differences between past, present, and future (Pemberton 1994).","…of semiotic relationship of iconic reproducibility: its miniaturized version of the Borobodur was not an icon standing for the great Buddhist temple of central Java, presumably dating back to the ninth century––that is, it was not a sign of “another place” and\n“another time” (Pemberton 1994: 157)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3903800367,"citingcorpusid":251980605,"citedcorpusid":143445500,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Since Independence, Indonesia’s nation-building project has framed Central Javanese palace culture as a point of origin, with political power concentrated in the hands of the Javanese elite (Pemberton, 1994).","10 For analyses of Javanese cultural hegemony, see also Pemberton (1994) and Errington (1997)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3994828475,"citingcorpusid":247983662,"citedcorpusid":129442857,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["On the other hand, climate change is an ongoing phe‐ nomenon in the world that is considerably affecting forest ecosystems (Nicault et al. 2008; Lindner et al. 2010) and has impacted Iran as well."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1943873286,"citingcorpusid":53860646,"citedcorpusid":3782218,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This finding is consistent with previous studies that found a direct relationship between number of chronic illnesses and depressive symptoms (Harpole, Williams, & Olsen, 2005; Katon & Schulberg, 1992; Noel, Williams, & Unutzer, 2004)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":3675246994,"citingcorpusid":246997566,"citedcorpusid":139850095,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Fortunately, PTFE is a biocompatible material and is suitable for biological applications and it has excellent solvent compatibility for chemical applications.(46) Our method opens up numerous areas for future work—both on biological and chemical applications and in further understanding the physics underlying droplet formation and droplet transport via the Cheerios effect."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2689428974,"citingcorpusid":22703768,"citedcorpusid":23723063,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The carcinogenicity of N-nitrosamines arises mainly due to metabolic activation by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of proteins such as CYP2E1 [24,25], CYP2A6 [26], and others.","Our previous work, in this study set have shown that variations in the adduct levels were associated with CYP2E1 polymorphisms, supporting the hypothesis that there are genetic variations in host capacity for carcinogen metabolism [35].","Specifically, CYP2E1 is detectable in the lung and liver [35,74,5,75,76,77]."],"intents":[["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":268350037,"citingcorpusid":1989990,"citedcorpusid":54995759,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Chitinase genes can be overexpressed and strains co transformed with the insertion of acetamidase gene amds as was seen in different studies where the pyruvate constitutive promoter successfully improved chitinase activity in modified strains (Kowsari et al. 2016; Limon et al. 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3787074776,"citingcorpusid":234617111,"citedcorpusid":8177670,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To develop block methods, there are various approaches, with the most adopted approaches being the numerical integration approach as seen in studies by [3-6] and the interpolation approach as adopted by authors [7-9], amongst many other research work."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1769876728,"citingcorpusid":210715304,"citedcorpusid":8177670,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Table 6: Comparison of results for solving (16) h Maximum Error (Majid et al, 2013), k = 3 Total Steps [6], k = 3 Maximum Error (New Method), k = 3 Total Steps (New Method), k = 3 1 8 3.","4 sinh 1 e−x − cosx 2 5) Consider the general second order boundary value problem from [6] y′′ = y′ − e(x−1) − 1, y(0) = 0, y(1) = 0, h = 0.","6) Consider the boundary value problem from [6]","Some authors who have discussed finding approximate solutions to (1) with initial conditions imposed include [3], [4], [5], while the numerical solution when boundary conditions were imposed include the work of [1], [6] and [7].","Table 4: Comparison of results for solving (14) x Exact Solution Computed Solution Error [6], k = 3 Error (New Method), k = 3 0.","4) Consider the linear second order boundary value problem from [6] y′′ = y + cosx, y(0) = 0, y(1) = 1, h = 0.","Table 5: Comparison of results for solving (15) x Exact Solution Computed Solution Error [6], k = 3 Error (New Method), k = 3 0."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":578934285,"citingcorpusid":55784662,"citedcorpusid":123816660,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The radiation scheme is not the idealized one used in Moeng (2000), and Fiedler (2002), but is the operational\nFig.","In Fiedler (2002), ¼ 1, and the constants E¼ 0.5 and K¼ 0.25 were chosen to give proper results for a clear, convective boundary layer.","The E l scheme of Fiedler (2002) was studied within a one-dimensional model.","The E l scheme of Fiedler (2002) was studied within a one-dimensional model. The scheme uses the non-local mixing length formulation of Bougeault and Lacarr ere (1989), but is otherwise very simple.","The E l scheme of Fiedler (2002) was studied within a one-dimensional model. The scheme uses the non-local mixing length formulation of Bougeault and Lacarr ere (1989), but is otherwise very simple. The scheme has two adjustable parameters (multipliers) that control how the mixing length is used in the calculation of the diffusivity and the dissipation rate. The parameters are tuned to produce the proper performance of a clear, convective boundary layer: proper magnitudes of turbulence kinetic energy within the boundary layer, and proper rates of entrainment. In Fiedler (2002), this tuning causes the scheme to entrain too much into smoke clouds and water clouds. The idealized tests of Fiedler (2002) – clear, smoky and cloudy – are then conducted with this revised COAMPS model. With 72 km grid spacing, which renders the simulation essentially one-dimensional, the performance with smoke clouds has fortuitously improved a bit, but the performance with clear conditions and cloudy conditions is otherwise very close to Fiedler (2002). The implementation into COAMPS allows for the idealized tests to be conducted with a horizontal grid spacing that allows for resolved convection.","The cloud-top radiation in the COAMPS simulation is about 85 W m 2, in Fiedler (2002) the maximum value is 74 W m 2.","For reasons unknown, the performance is better than in Fiedler (2002), which had about 75% of the radiative cooling being compensated for by entrainment.","For 72 km and ¼ 1, the result is similar to Fiedler (2002), producing about we¼ 0.020 m s 1 over the last six hours.","The clear, smoke and cloud tests are described in Fiedler (2002).","The new boundary layer scheme that we implemented into COAMPS is identical to the one described in Fiedler (2002). The turbulent length scale ðzÞ is predicted with the non-local integrals as in Bougeault and Lacarr ere (1989). At a given elevation z, is calculated as the geometric mean of two length scales: the distances a parcel could travel adiabatically upward or downward against the work of buoyancy if all its turbulent kinetic energy were converted to gravitational potential energy.","The new boundary layer scheme that we implemented into COAMPS is identical to the one described in Fiedler (2002).","The new boundary layer scheme that we implemented into COAMPS is identical to the one described in Fiedler (2002). The turbulent length scale ðzÞ is predicted with the non-local integrals as in Bougeault and Lacarr ere (1989).","¼ 1, unless otherwise noted\nFiedler (2002) it was 14.4 g m 2.","The COAMPS simulation has some minor solar absorption and\ncloud-base warming; the idealized scheme in Fiedler (2002) has none.","The E l scheme of Fiedler (2002) was studied within a one-dimensional model. The scheme uses the non-local mixing length formulation of Bougeault and Lacarr ere (1989), but is otherwise very simple. The scheme has two adjustable parameters (multipliers) that control how the mixing length is used in the calculation of the diffusivity and the dissipation rate. The parameters are tuned to produce the proper performance of a clear, convective boundary layer: proper magnitudes of turbulence kinetic energy within the boundary layer, and proper rates of entrainment. In Fiedler (2002), this tuning causes the scheme to entrain too much into smoke clouds and water clouds. The idealized tests of Fiedler (2002) – clear, smoky and cloudy – are then conducted with this revised COAMPS model.","In Fiedler (2002), this tuning causes the scheme to entrain too much into smoke clouds and water clouds.","The E l scheme of Fiedler (2002) was studied within a one-dimensional model. The scheme uses the non-local mixing length formulation of Bougeault and Lacarr ere (1989), but is otherwise very simple. The scheme has two adjustable parameters (multipliers) that control how the mixing length is used in the calculation of the diffusivity and the dissipation rate. The parameters are tuned to produce the proper performance of a clear, convective boundary layer: proper magnitudes of turbulence kinetic energy within the boundary layer, and proper rates of entrainment. In Fiedler (2002), this tuning causes the scheme to entrain too much into smoke clouds and water clouds. The idealized tests of Fiedler (2002) – clear, smoky and cloudy – are then conducted with this revised COAMPS model. With 72 km grid spacing, which renders the simulation essentially one-dimensional, the performance with smoke clouds has fortuitously improved a bit, but the performance with clear conditions and cloudy conditions is otherwise very close to Fiedler (2002). The implementation into COAMPS allows for the idealized tests to be conducted with a horizontal grid spacing that allows for resolved convection. However, the clear and smoke tests at 1 km grid spacing do not grow resolved convection from small perturbations, and the performance is identical with a one-dimensional test. In the cloud test, convective fluctuations develop, but only after about six hours into the integration. However, the entrainment rate increases and the average liquid water path is decreased, thus deviating even further from the calibration offered by Moeng (2000). The lack of resolved convection in the clear and smoky tests with 1 km grid spacing raises the question about whether the E l scheme is doing its job too well. The multiplier for the eddy diffusivity is, evidently, large enough to give sufficiently vigorous transport that both diminishes the unstable lapse rate and stabilizes any incipient convective fluctuations. When the multiplier for the diffusivity is reduced to 30% of the standard value, the performance at 72 km grid spacing suffers from too little entrainment, as expected. However, at 1 km grid spacing, the proper performance is restored for all three tests, with resolved convection now contributing to the entrainment. The average liquid water path is also increased, becoming closer to the calibration offered in Moeng (2000). The cloud test, at either 1 km or 2 km grid spacing, shows clouds with a cellular structure in which the cells broaden with time, as in mesoscale cellular convection.","With 72 km grid spacing, which renders the simulation essentially one-dimensional, the performance with smoke clouds has fortuitously improved a bit, but the performance with clear conditions and cloudy conditions is otherwise very close to Fiedler (2002).","The E l scheme of Fiedler (2002) was studied within a one-dimensional model. The scheme uses the non-local mixing length formulation of Bougeault and Lacarr ere (1989), but is otherwise very simple. The scheme has two adjustable parameters (multipliers) that control how the mixing length is used in the calculation of the diffusivity and the dissipation rate. The parameters are tuned to produce the proper performance of a clear, convective boundary layer: proper magnitudes of turbulence kinetic energy within the boundary layer, and proper rates of entrainment. In Fiedler (2002), this tuning causes the scheme to entrain too much into smoke clouds and water clouds.","The idealized tests of Fiedler (2002) – clear, smoky and cloudy – are then conducted with this revised COAMPS model.","The E l scheme of Fiedler (2002) was studied within a one-dimensional model. The scheme uses the non-local mixing length formulation of Bougeault and Lacarr ere (1989), but is otherwise very simple. The scheme has two adjustable parameters (multipliers) that control how the mixing length is used in the calculation of the diffusivity and the dissipation rate. The parameters are tuned to produce the proper performance of a clear, convective boundary layer: proper magnitudes of turbulence kinetic energy within the boundary layer, and proper rates of entrainment. In Fiedler (2002), this tuning causes the scheme to entrain too much into smoke clouds and water clouds. The idealized tests of Fiedler (2002) – clear, smoky and cloudy – are then conducted with this revised COAMPS model. With 72 km grid spacing, which renders the simulation essentially one-dimensional, the performance with smoke clouds has fortuitously improved a bit, but the performance with clear conditions and cloudy conditions is otherwise very close to Fiedler (2002). The implementation into COAMPS allows for the idealized tests to be conducted with a horizontal grid spacing that allows for resolved convection. However, the clear and smoke tests at 1 km grid spacing do not grow resolved convection from small perturbations, and the performance is identical with a one-dimensional test. In the cloud test, convective fluctuations develop, but only after about six hours into the integration. However, the entrainment rate increases and the average liquid water path is decreased, thus deviating even further from the calibration offered by Moeng (2000). The lack of resolved convection in the clear and smoky tests with 1 km grid spacing raises the question about whether the E l scheme is doing its job too well.","Rather, the scheme of Fiedler (2002) has been\nimplemented into COAMPS.","The new boundary layer scheme that we implemented into COAMPS is identical to the one described in Fiedler (2002). The turbulent length scale ðzÞ is predicted with the non-local integrals as in Bougeault and Lacarr ere (1989). At a given elevation z, is calculated as the geometric mean of two length scales: the distances a parcel could travel adiabatically upward or downward against the work of buoyancy if all its turbulent kinetic energy were converted to gravitational potential energy. Numerical evaluation of these integrals in a finite-difference model requires some care. In very stable regions, the length scale may become less than the grid interval. In those regions, a casual use of the trapezoidal rule will lead to a large discrepancy with the continuous equations. Details of how to accurately evaluate these integrals appears in Appendix A. The non-local mixing length formulation was originally proposed by Bougeault and Andr e (1986) in their third-order turbulence-closure model in an effort to overcome unstable numerical oscillations due to radiative cooling near cloud top."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],null,["methodology"],["background"],null,["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],null,["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2722171723,"citingcorpusid":114137507,"citedcorpusid":6584700,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For this effect, which can both reinforce or reduce the basic thermo-acoustic effect, analytical models were developed for specific situations and with particular approaches (to mention only one of them [1])."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1719343634,"citingcorpusid":209168424,"citedcorpusid":15411698,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Trust has been widely studied in the context of ecommerce by Gefen, Benbasat, and Pavlou [35], McKnight, Choudhury, & Kacma [63], Gefen [36], Pavlou & Gefen [74].","Third, as suggested by the research agenda for trust in online environments by Gefen, Benbasat, & Pavlou [35], our study allows us to further examine dimensionalities and moderators of trustworthiness and trust in online settings as well as advance the relationship between trust and information technology.","Literature also suggest that antecedent factors, including manageable levers (IT artefacts), trust disposition and familiarity with the service or products, influence the creation of trust [32, 35, 61, 62] Trust disposition refers to one’s faith in humanity as well as","[32] Gefen, D., \"E-commerce: the role of familiarity and trust\", Omega, 28(6), 2000, pp. 725–737.","[33] Gefen, D., \"Customer loyalty in e-commerce\", Journal of the association for information systems, 3(1), 2002, p. 2.","a result, the latter distinction extends traditional trust research from business-to-consumer e-commerce, where trust is directed only towards the vendor in form of dependency during the transaction, while trust among peers is not evident in traditional models (see [32, 36, 63, 67]).","This study follows Gefen & Straub [36] and Gefen [32]’ conceptualization of trust because it has been suggested in the business-to-consumer e-commerce context.","[35] Gefen, D., I. Benbasat, and P. Pavlou, \"A research agenda for trust in online environments\", Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(4), 2008, pp. 275– 286.","A positive effect of institutional structures on trust towards the trustee has been shown by Pavlou and Gefen [74] and McKnight et al. [63] in the e-commerce context.","[36] Gefen, D. and D.W. Straub, \"Consumer trust in B2C eCommerce and the importance of social presence: experiments in e-Products and e-Services\", Omega, 32(6), 2004, pp. 407–424.","[74] Pavlou, P.A. and D. Gefen, \"Building effective online marketplaces with institution-based trust\", Information systems research, 15(1), 2004, pp. 37–59.","Following the model of Gefen and Straub [36] as well as McKnight et al. [62], the suggested triad of trust targets, we argue that opportunism (opportunistic betrayal) and the measurement of trust are an integrated construct.","[34] Gefen, D., \"Reflections on the dimensions of trust and trustworthiness among online consumers\", ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, 33(3), 2002, pp. 38–53."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null,null,["background"],["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1209139936,"citingcorpusid":111035059,"citedcorpusid":111000824,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The technical and economic advantages of the system as compared to alternative rectifier concepts were analyzed in detail in [4] and [ 5 ]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1127345265,"citingcorpusid":149365018,"citedcorpusid":145374576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Identifying parental approaches to raising children is important because differences in styles lead to greater stress levels and may lead to parent burnout (Peer & Hillman, 2012; Weiss, 2002)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4090160549,"citingcorpusid":149365018,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The CEC provided expert testimony for the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC), which is identified as one of most influential cases that led to the passage of the Education for the Handicapped Act of I975 (EHA) (EHA: PL 94-142) in 1975 (Herr, 1972; Melnick, 1995; Weintraub & Abeson, 1972).","…expert testimony for the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC), which is identified as one of most influential cases that led to the passage of the Education for the Handicapped Act of I975 (EHA) (EHA: PL 94-142) in 1975 (Herr, 1972; Melnick, 1995; Weintraub & Abeson, 1972)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3650184779,"citingcorpusid":246166570,"citedcorpusid":20038690,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Preclinical and clinical findings, however, indicate that treatment with MEK inhibitor, which targets the RASMEK-ERK pathway, cannot fully eradicate tumors, and once treatment is halted tumor growth recurs [76, 77, 151].","Importantly, inhibition of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway can block neurofibroma progression [19, 76], and in 2020, the MEK inhibitor selumetinib became the first FDA-approved treatment for inoperable pNF [77]."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1201576057,"citingcorpusid":41155676,"citedcorpusid":15495238,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["demonstrated that the MMP14 expression related to serosa invasion and clinical stages in gastric cancer patients [18, 19]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":789235175,"citingcorpusid":8136461,"citedcorpusid":15495238,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although correlations between MMP-14 expression and clinicopathological features have been investigated in various human carcinomas such as gastric cancer [12], esophageal cancer [13], breast cancer [14], and supraglottic cancer [18], little is known about MMP-14 in NSCLC patients.","Although MMP-14 has shown prognostic significance in varied human cancers, such as gastric cancer [12], esophageal cancer [13], breast cancer [14], pleural mesotheliomas [15], glioma [16], prostate cancer [17], supraglottic cancer [18], and sinonasal and oral malignant melanomas [19], little is known about the accurate significance of MMP-14 in NSCLC patients."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":28974078,"citingcorpusid":25222992,"citedcorpusid":86043615,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Conflicting selection can be expected on a wide range of plant traits including seed size (Alc antara & Rey, 2003; G omez, 2004), flowering time (Mojica & Kelly, 2010) and floral display (Strauss & Irwin, 2004; Agren et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":180896583,"citingcorpusid":34084318,"citedcorpusid":25344895,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2003), and iohexol exhibits nephrotoxicity in humans (Weisberg et al., 1992; Cunha and Schor, 2002; Haller and Hizoh, 2004).","However, creatinine is weakly secreted in the renal tubules (Braun et al., 2003), and iohexol exhibits nephrotoxicity in humans (Weisberg et al., 1992; Cunha and Schor, 2002; Haller and Hizoh, 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":258396491,"citingcorpusid":41725457,"citedcorpusid":143268502,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Swedish word accents in sentence perspective.","A pitch accent journey in southern Swedish.","Research by Bruce and his colleagues on varieties of Swedish [2, 3, 4] have shown that melodic alignment differences may be an important factor in dialect differentiation.","A prosodic typology for Swedish dialects."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":4018683904,"citingcorpusid":255040561,"citedcorpusid":144832620,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These measures replicate and adapt the PERVAL construct, developed by Sweeney and Soutar (2001) and inspired by the work of Sheth et al. (1991)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4018684035,"citingcorpusid":255040561,"citedcorpusid":39444763,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Chiu et al. (2012) – Perceived value of website experience (adapted from Babin et al., 1994) Two­dimensionnality measurement (Likert 7 points) Utilitarian value 1."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4018684226,"citingcorpusid":255040561,"citedcorpusid":154878891,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…all, there are theoretical reasons relating to the definition of perceived value, which for many authors imply the adoption of unidimensional (e.g. Gruen et al., 2006; Steenkamp and Geyskens, 2006) or bidimensional conceptualizations of the value of an online experience (e.g. Cotte et al., 2006;…","…scales to measure the perceived value of an online experience and the proposals included in Figure 1 fall within unidimensional (Cho and Hyun, 2016; Gruen et al., 2006; Llach et al., 2013) or bidimensional (Overby and Lee, 2006) approaches, with the exception of the study by Mathwick et al. (2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":54534891,"citingcorpusid":14595257,"citedcorpusid":3870480,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["They can be summarized as: Neural Networks-based approaches [7-13] and support vector machines [13,14]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2273099156,"citingcorpusid":119234440,"citedcorpusid":119185355,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…have found that in order to reconcile the observed abundance of satellite galaxies in clusters of different masses, the galaxy stellar-to-halo mass relation of central and satellite galaxies should be different, especially at lower masses (see also, Neistein et al. 2011; Wetzel et al. 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2275979226,"citingcorpusid":50891332,"citedcorpusid":119185355,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…include the transition of a satellite system from star-forming to quiescent, which must proceed quickly (within ∼ 1 Gyr) so as to reproduce the observed bimodal distribution of specific star-formation rates and rest-frame colors (Balogh et al. 2004; Wetzel et al. 2013).\nc© 2016 RAS\nar X\niv :1\n60 6.","As illustrated by Fillingham et al. (2015), the measured satellite quenching timescales at high masses, including the lack of strong dependence on host halo mass, are broadly consistent with the expectations for quenching via starvation (see also van den Bosch et al. 2008; Wetzel et al. 2013).","…find that the efficiency of satellite (or environmental) quenching – or the timescale upon which it occurs following infall – strongly depends on the mass of the satellite system (De Lucia et al. 2012; Wetzel et al. 2013; Wetzel, Tollerud & Weisz 2015; Wheeler et al. 2014; Fillingham et al. 2015).","& 108 M orbits within its host halo – continuing to form stars – for ∼ 3 − 7 Gyr before being quenched (De Lucia et al. 2012; Wetzel et al. 2013; Wheeler et al. 2014).1 Only at the lowest satellite masses is quenching a highly efficient process, with low-mass (M?","Figure 8 presents current constraints on the satellite quenching timescale from Wetzel et al. (2013), Wheeler et al. (2014), and Fillingham et al. (2015) along with a qualitative depiction of the dominant quenching mechanisms likely at play as a function of satellite stellar mass."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4035203942,"citingcorpusid":255614004,"citedcorpusid":102507307,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["2012; Singaraja 2017).","2013a; Singaraja 2017).","In addition, industrial effluent and sewage flow (Buckle Canal) may also be contributing to the high TDS values observed in the groundwater samples collected from St-8 and St-15.","St-8 and St-15 appear to have been influenced by sewage from the nearby Buckle Canal, where the shallow porous calcareous rock in the area facilitates leaching.","As all of the groundwater sources are surrounded by drainage and the Buckle Canal, this may be another common source of MPs entering the local groundwater.","2000; Singaraja 2017) from nearby salt pans.","The Buckle Canal, which carries most\nof the domestic sewage from the city into the sea, flows in the central region of the study area and drains into the Gulf of Mannar at Thirespuram.","The higher values of SO42− at St-8 and St-15 could also reflect the leaching of sewage from the Buckle Canal.","The high concentration of NO3− in the groundwater from St-8 and St-15 in the present study could therefore reflect contamination from sewage leaching from the nearby Buckle Canal (Singaraja 2017)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":158166427,"citingcorpusid":8277947,"citedcorpusid":91793436,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although subalpine fir is considered to be much more shade tolerant than whitebark pine (Arno 1986), there are virtually no gas exchange data to corroborate the assumption."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":397974004,"citingcorpusid":51748106,"citedcorpusid":7670109,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["• 18 level 2b studies report that DNA-ploidy parameters add significant independent prognostic information to the Gleason-score, 12 of them after radical prostatectomy (17, 51, 56, 58, 65, 66, 94, 95) 2 after hormonal"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1114515867,"citingcorpusid":28754849,"citedcorpusid":141585535,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In order to offer chimpanzees optimal habitats, we should strive to move up this scale, from aRd [17]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2336242588,"citingcorpusid":137270607,"citedcorpusid":16273665,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A 35-year-old female presented with an electric toothbrush projectile through her right medial orbit and acute onset severe aching pain in her right eye as well as bilateral headache radiating to the posterior cervical region [9]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":284982899,"citingcorpusid":26572721,"citedcorpusid":6614658,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The human acute leukemia can be divided into acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in which AML is the most common type of acute leukemia affecting adults.([1,2]) AML is caused by the malignant proliferation of myeloid protocells."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3869336823,"citingcorpusid":248279232,"citedcorpusid":128708729,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Moreover, most of the world’s largest rivers are anabranching (Latrubesse, 2008), and the anabranching channel pattern can be strongly influenced by vegetation–morphodynamic feedbacks (Henriques et al.","Moreover, most of the world’s largest rivers are anabranching (Latrubesse, 2008), and the anabranching channel pattern can be strongly influenced by vegetation–morphodynamic feedbacks (Henriques et al., 2022; Nanson & Knighton, 1996), suggesting nonlinearities in how ecogeomorphic relationships…",", 2022; Nanson & Knighton, 1996), suggesting nonlinearities in how ecogeomorphic relationships scale with river size (Henriques et al., 2022; Latrubesse, 2008; Nanson & Knighton, 1996).","…anabranching channel pattern can be strongly influenced by vegetation–morphodynamic feedbacks (Henriques et al., 2022; Nanson & Knighton, 1996), suggesting nonlinearities in how ecogeomorphic relationships scale with river size (Henriques et al., 2022; Latrubesse, 2008; Nanson & Knighton, 1996)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3247301187,"citingcorpusid":225535500,"citedcorpusid":67784218,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Berto’s father’s background as Mayan and third-generation Korean was common in his village as a result of the migration of Korean workers to Mexico that began in 1905 (Park 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":961452188,"citingcorpusid":12296392,"citedcorpusid":39294570,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Stimulatory effects of centrally administered TRH on cardiorespiratory functions have been reported in various species (6, 10, 11, 12).","In most of these studies, however, the animals were anesthetized with urethane (10, 11), halothane (6), or urethane-chloralose (12)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3740440527,"citingcorpusid":248820635,"citedcorpusid":100745632,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Master curves of viscoelastic functions such as the loss and storage moduli and the phase angle are representative of stiffness, elasticity, temperature susceptibility, and, after some data manipulation, of the MWD of bitumens (34, 57-61, 64)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1823228620,"citingcorpusid":109505359,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[12] Xiang-Yi Xu and Zhao-Xian Ye: A Study on the Urban Land Use Change Model from Perspectives of Location and Socio-economics- A Case Study of Land Consolidation in Taichung, Journal of the Land Bank of Taiwan, Volume 42, No 3, 2005, Page 161-187.","evaluation indicators in residential land, commercial land and public facilities land [12]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1648427624,"citingcorpusid":20264167,"citedcorpusid":207062136,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…their life, their F2 offspring still exhibit, depending on experimental protocol, altered birth weight, impaired glucose tolerance, and reduced insulin secretion (Benyshek et al, 2006; Dunn and Bale, 2009; Jimenez-Chillaron et al, 2009; Ng et al, 2010; Pentinat et al, 2010; Dunn and Bale, 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2413952743,"citingcorpusid":119267819,"citedcorpusid":14150683,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Given their non thermal shape, the first model proposed was a synchrotron emission model by non thermal electrons in strong magnetic fields (Rees & Meszaros 1994; Katz 1994; Tavani 1996)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1797715856,"citingcorpusid":3950256,"citedcorpusid":207062136,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["nutrition (Diaz and Taylor, 1998; Pentinat et al., 2010) or a mixture of permethrin+DEET (Manikkam et al.","transgenerational effects of over-nutrition reported on body weight in mice at four weeks or six months of age (Pentinat et al., 2010); however, in rats Diaz and Taylor (1998) reported a significant increase in body weight at 21 days of age (Diaz and Taylor, 1998)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1663873473,"citingcorpusid":159879862,"citedcorpusid":207062136,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["been previously reported in other animal models (22, 28, 29)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":7862349,"citingcorpusid":13951130,"citedcorpusid":33425122,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Another way of energy recovery balancing is using a multiwinding transformer [2], [15]–[19]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3737125125,"citingcorpusid":248586505,"citedcorpusid":236614632,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Cloud Computing monitoring model in the form of an \"Algorithm and software for calculating the timing of covering the costs of introducing reactive power sources into the power supply system\", registered with the Intellectual Property Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan, contains research algorithms, software, and includes the possibility of selective monitoring by sources and receivers, procedures for reducing the costs of their implementation and calculating the efficiency of production and consumption and is designed to conduct research on the indicators of reactive power of electric power supply [13, 14]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3801511639,"citingcorpusid":249927923,"citedcorpusid":120297423,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Helstrand and Ott [7] used a science fction novel, The Time and Space of Uncle Albert, to teach the theory of relativity in four classes.","Educators have used stories in science teaching to make complex science subjects accessible to novice learners with positive results [7–9]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1587512256,"citingcorpusid":147528713,"citedcorpusid":145279837,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["See Brautigam (1998:4–5); Large (2008:48); Shinn and Eisenman (2008:8–9); Monson and Rupp ( 2013 ); Esteban ( 2010 ); Manji and Marks ( 2007 ); Rupp ( 2013 ); Park (2013:146)."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":1155966011,"citingcorpusid":133491399,"citedcorpusid":129208743,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["6 (Benn and Evans, 1998; Rea, 2009), whereas the AABR method takes into account both glacier hypsometry and the difference between the accumulation and ablation gradients (Rea, 2009).","The AABR ratios applied are calculated from the regional Svalbard range (2.13 ±0.52) from the compilation in Rea (2009) and are also presented in Table 2.","…a fixed ratio of the total glacier area, and the ratio applied for cirque and valley glaciers (as here) is normally ~0.6 (Benn and Evans, 1998; Rea, 2009), whereas the AABR method takes into account both glacier hypsometry and the difference between the accumulation and ablation gradients…","…ratio of the total glacier area, and the ratio applied for cirque and valley glaciers (as here) is normally ~0.6 (Benn and Evans, 1998; Rea, 2009), whereas the AABR method takes into account both glacier hypsometry and the difference between the accumulation and ablation gradients (Rea, 2009)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1150167422,"citingcorpusid":156961226,"citedcorpusid":107825549,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", they are unaffected by pests and require little weeding, due to the plant’s subterranean structure (Iyagba, 2010; Okello et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2896942122,"citingcorpusid":199351178,"citedcorpusid":154141655,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The most effective apology will come from three levels – frontline, manager and company (Guchait et al., 2014, p. 466).","Guchait et al. (2014) highlighted the importance of apology in service recovery process.","Surprise, joy and arousal can be the elements, which are creating such kind of response (Guchait et al., 2014, p. 454)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3173995010,"citingcorpusid":17041974,"citedcorpusid":21156761,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["learning theories\nAs early as in 1910 behaviorists [Pavlov, 1927 and\nSkinner, 1974] have claimed that learning is a change in observable behavior caused by external stimuli in the environment [Skinner, 1974].","Therefore, learning cannot be absorbed by one source but instead should be compiled by accessing different media and sources from a variety of places and types of thinking [Siemens, 2004 in Andersen [ed] 2008, 34- 36].","Connectivism\nA more recent theory in online learning is that of\nConnectivism, which integrates principles explored by networks and self-organization [Downes, 2006; Siemens, 2004].","They claim that what is learnt depends on the processing capacity of the learner as well as of the effort put during the learning process, the learners‟ existing knowledge etc."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3637090773,"citingcorpusid":245536296,"citedcorpusid":154965655,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the technical and planning literature, these aspects of a facility are often referred to as “risks” (Boholm 2004; Freudenburg 2004; Schively 2007).","The literature on facility siting and NIMBY response has been reviewed, for example, by Rabe (1994), Boholm (2004), Lesbirel and Shaw (2005), Schively (2007), Boudet (2010) and Boudet and Ortolano (2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1170071574,"citingcorpusid":169044819,"citedcorpusid":154965655,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Land use regulation and regulatory processes are one way that local governments control the development of LULUs (Schively, 2007).","Land use regulation and regulatory processes are one way that local governments control\nthe development of LULUs (Schively, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2716924262,"citingcorpusid":2169588,"citedcorpusid":8864655,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This effect may be related to the moderate binding affinity of SCH-C for the human ether a-go-go related gene transcript (hERG), a potassium ion channel associated with myocardial repolarization (8, 19).","This effect is believed to be caused by inhibition of potassium flux through the hERG ion channel (8, 19)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3297461398,"citingcorpusid":232378045,"citedcorpusid":3757962,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Besides, ethyl-paraben (EtP) exposure might shorten telomeres (Finot et al. 2017) and cause gestational diabetes mellitus (Liu et al.","Besides, ethyl-paraben (EtP) exposure might shorten telomeres (Finot et al. 2017) and cause gestational diabetes mellitus (Liu et al. 2019)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1650174456,"citingcorpusid":204738335,"citedcorpusid":8433576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Multiplex PCR were employed, aiming to amplify the non-transcribed spacer of mini-exon gene for the identification of subtypes TCI (Discrete Typing Units-DTU TcI-200 pb), TCII (DTUs TcII/TcIV/TcV-250 pb), Z3 (DTUs TcIII/TcIV-150 pb), and Trypanosoma rangeli (100 pb) [67], as well as mixed infections."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3125317350,"citingcorpusid":32597069,"citedcorpusid":141844028,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["They also had to locate networks of other professionals who respected their abilities, who would use or recommend their services, and who would barter with them ðsee Ledeneva 2006, 91–163Þ."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3338160640,"citingcorpusid":168596759,"citedcorpusid":141844028,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The role of tolkachi in this period was often played by criminal groups, police, or secret service officers (Ledeneva, 2006; Volkov, 2002)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2711151957,"citingcorpusid":24044421,"citedcorpusid":20052421,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…during tooth morphogenesis and differentiation is well known in humans and mice (Weiss et al. 1994; Thomas et al. 1997, 2000; Bei and Maas 1998; Price et al. 1998a, b; Zhao et al. 2000), (ii) mutations of Dlx genes have been reported to lead to severe disorders in the human dentition (e.g.,…","Six Dlx genes are known in humans (Simeone et al. 1994; Scherer et al. 1995; Price et al. 1998a, b) and mice (Robinson and Mahon 1994; Weiss et al. 1994, 1995; Nakamura et al. 1996; Stock et al. 1996; Panganiban and Rubenstein 2002), whereas eight are found in the zebrafish genome (Ekker et al.…","In contrast, in humans a DLX3 mutation leads to a syndrome (tricho-dento-osseous), in which teeth are affected (Price et al. 1998a, b).","…et al. 1998a, b; Zhao et al. 2000), (ii) mutations of Dlx genes have been reported to lead to severe disorders in the human dentition (e.g., DLX 3: Price et al. 1998a, b), and (iii) the composition of the Dlx gene family is well known in the main vertebrate lineages (Stock et al. 1996; Neidert et…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2049652487,"citingcorpusid":164972171,"citedcorpusid":129434167,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…this study, we carried out stream flow trend analysis and evaluated the separate of the impacts 494 of human and climate factors to stream flow changes; however, we did not consider the effects of 495 reservoir construction as a factor effecting stream flow (Zhang et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2016).","84 Hydrological data time series (e.g., stream flow series) show temporal oscillations caused by 85 climate and land use changes and can serve to identify runoff changes due to either change in 86\nclimate or human activities (Zhang et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2151558220,"citingcorpusid":214536096,"citedcorpusid":112260213,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[27] studied the train operation adjustment method using the Max-Plus algebra."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2573078014,"citingcorpusid":32557040,"citedcorpusid":26317413,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although HBV reactivation (causing hepatitis flare) is known to occur in 15%-50% of chronic virus carriers (ie, HBsAg-positive individuals) who undergo allo-HSCT without HBV prophylaxis [5-9], the risk of reactivation (ie, reemergence of HBsAg) in patients with evidence of resolved HBV is less well defined, with previous series suggesting rates of 6%-86% [10-15].","Larger studies have suggested reactivation rates on the order of 6%-21% after allo-HSCT [10,11,13,15], but have not assessed whether evidence of resolved HBV infection in recipients is associated with worse outcomes in this setting."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2096754154,"citingcorpusid":143544825,"citedcorpusid":145269449,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For instance, associations, such as labour unions, that pursue broad agendas and rely on group solidarity to do so, can find themselves internally divided into subgroups, each of which seeks accommodation and privilege in order to have their group difference recognized (see Creese, 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":333763568,"citingcorpusid":12354620,"citedcorpusid":22038234,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["SSPs contain N-terminal signal peptides, suggesting their secretion to the plant apoplast, where they are presumably involved in the processing of extracellular substrates ( Tornero et al. 1997 )."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":394532882,"citingcorpusid":2930893,"citedcorpusid":22038234,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The P69 family members correspond to a multigene family of high complexity (Tornero et al., 1997).","The P69 subtilisin-like proteases are represented by different protein isoforms of approximately 69 kD (P69) that accumulate extracellularly (Tornero et al., 1996, 1997, and refs. therein).","…Arabidopsis (Ribeiro et al., 1995), cucumber (Cucumis sativus) (Yamagata et al., 1994), Alnus glutinosa (Ribeiro et al., 1995), lily (Lilium longiflorum) (Taylor et al., 1997), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) (Riggs and Horsch, 1995; Tornero et al., 1996,\n1997; Meichtry et al., 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1676522985,"citingcorpusid":25438029,"citedcorpusid":205097843,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["At rest, total CO is often solely the result of pump flow (11), with the aortic valve usually remaining closed (12) and the predicted values not achieved.","A comparison with our results is difficult because in some studies the included patients had other devices implanted (13–17) and/or were considerably younger (12,13,15,16,18) or furthermore the investigations were performed at a later time after implantation (14–16,18)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":2102312532,"citingcorpusid":218504217,"citedcorpusid":25937957,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We a priori dichotomized the timing of the outcome assessment to within 30 days and beyond 30 days based on the evidence that the condition of the neurological outcome relatively stabilized after one month [19].","On the other hand, previous studies reported that 27% of post-hypoxic coma patients regained consciousness in 28 days and 9% remained in a comatose state [19,42]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":201126258,"citingcorpusid":15908854,"citedcorpusid":43396972,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["An on-demand information system is required to be responsive in real time, variable cost structured, focused on what’s core and differentiating, and resilient around the world and around the clock."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3109544100,"citingcorpusid":221239410,"citedcorpusid":3417601,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["PANI/LT/MTX/PVP/SDS/ PLGA/DSPE-PEG2000-mal NPs 808, 2 W/cm2 MCF-7 MDA-MB-231 Yes Targeting, Chemotherapy PTT [53]","In a study, Nguyen and coworkers developed a multifunctional hybrid polymer system comprising of PANI NPs as PTA and Methotrexate (MTX) as an anticancer drug for combined photo–chemotherapy [53]."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1976703524,"citingcorpusid":144194605,"citedcorpusid":204327176,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Shim (2006) pointed out that the growing popularity of Korean popular culture in China as well as in other Asian countries may be partially due to its ‘cultural proximity.’"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3945310812,"citingcorpusid":252530127,"citedcorpusid":148479702,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["3 Although it was once widely held that sensory experiences are always experiences of features (or “sensory qualities”) arrayed in space, it’s now widely held that experiences are fundamentally organized around objects (Dickie 2010; O’Callaghan 2016; Matthen 2019).","…generated by sensory activities.3 Although it was once widely held that sensory experiences are always experiences of features (or “sensory qualities”) arrayed in space, it’s now widely held that experiences are fundamentally organized around objects (Dickie 2010; O’Callaghan 2016; Matthen 2019)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":609543021,"citingcorpusid":55567234,"citedcorpusid":25639868,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…LAI et al., 2009; LOPES et al., 2010; MOMMOLO et al., 2008; MUÑOZ et al., 2001; NAGATA et al., 2008; OZCELIK et al., 2008; POLASNKSY et al., 2009; QADRI et al., 2005; RASSAMEEMASMAUNG et al., 2007; RIBEIRO et al., 2008; RIEGER et al., 2002; RODRIGUES et al., 2009; ROTUNDO et al., 2010;…"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2557372594,"citingcorpusid":73811064,"citedcorpusid":25639868,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[17] The results of the present study denote that the impact of laser therapy in combination to scaling and root planning extended till the 6th week of therapy while Qadri et al ,2005 found that the effect of laser therapy on normal patients extended up to the 12th week [8]."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":1723953672,"citingcorpusid":34348953,"citedcorpusid":144249776,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["“The researcher’s embodied intersubjective relationship with the participant” is not static, but fluid and “intertwined,” it is “a merging with” another’s bodily experience (Finlay, 2005, p. 271, 272).","In this article, we first give examples of researchers’ emotional and bodily ways of knowing while in the field, and significantly how the bodies of the participant and the researcher are in a reciprocal exchange of experiences because of their “embodied intersubjectivity” (Finlay, 2005).","Finlay (2005) describes “embodied intersubjectivity” as the bodies of the participant and researcher entwined, which forms an empathic connection."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2565424500,"citingcorpusid":121226345,"citedcorpusid":128407899,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The model is adjusted to deal with the soil and vegetation conditions in West Africa (Lauwaet et al. 2008). To take into account the effect of a soil crust, which is omnipresent in the sandy soils of West Africa (Visser et al. 2005), the saturated hydraulic conductivity is lowered by one order of magnitude, following Vandervaere et al. (1997). The coupled model is previously evaluated for"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":915047644,"citingcorpusid":14533011,"citedcorpusid":12199938,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Each model of each target protein was compared to the corresponding experimental structure using LGA (Local–global Alignment) [19].","Each model of each target protein was compared to the corresponding experimental structure using LGA (Local – global Alignment) [19]."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":1205231550,"citingcorpusid":195802560,"citedcorpusid":25016827,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similar issues also have been studied specifically for American youth [4], Japanese women [5], Chinese American children [6], and Australians [7]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2613456797,"citingcorpusid":37750695,"citedcorpusid":41808851,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Dabir et al. (2006); 24 Keller et al. (1997); Lauderback et al. (1999); 25 Mallolas et al. (2006); 26 Inage et al. (1998); 27 Rossi et al. (2000); 28 Martin et al. (1997); Pow et al. (2004); 29 Cimarosti et al. (2005); 30 Westall et al. (1980); 31 Srinivasan et al. (2005); 32 Pitt et al. (2003);…"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1780581655,"citingcorpusid":204305939,"citedcorpusid":138529751,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Por otra parte, los picos correspondientes al CH disminuyen también, lo que indica el desarrollo de reacciones puzolánicas [42,46].","El aumento es más notorio en los primeros tres picos de las pastas con RM, atribuido a que pequeñas cantidades de RM actúan como agentes de nucleación que mejoran el proceso de hidratación [42].","Por otra parte en la pasta PATRON, los picos de la fase portlandita (CH) aumentan con el tiempo de curado, esto es debido a la hidratación de las fases de silicato del Clinker que dan lugar a la formación del silicato cálcico hidratado (C-S-H) y la liberación de CH [42]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":569914927,"citingcorpusid":54719478,"citedcorpusid":12199938,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The CAT models created were compared to the structural domains from the SCOP (Murzin et al., 1995) database (release 1.73, Sept. 2007) using LGA, and clustered to ASTRAL_95 (Brenner et al., 2000; Chandonia et al., 2004).","matches to a SCOP superfamily were obtained for 35%, or 167 protein models, with a structural alignment (LGA_S) score greater than 75%.","Structural alignments between all templates identified and preliminary models were calculated with LGA (Zemla, 2003), and secondary structure predictions were calculated with PSIPRED (Jones, 1999).","Positive matches to SCOP domains were constrained by the following criteria: (1) LGA_S >35%, used as a scoring function to evaluate the overall level of structure similarity (local and global), calculated relative to the modeled protein; (2) LGA_M >50%, used to avoid matches to only short fragments from SCOP domains, so the model should cover a larger portion of the domain and with a structure similarity score of at least 50% relative to the SCOP domain; and, (3) tight local superposition of C-alphas, where at least 10 residues from continuous segments were within a local RMSD cut-off <0.5 Å (Zemla et al., 2007).","Clustering was based on structural alignments performed by LGA (distance cutoff set at 4 Å).","Regions of insertiondeletion or uncertain sequence-structure alignments were built as loops using LGA by grafting in suitable fragments from related structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB)."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3709523738,"citingcorpusid":216172768,"citedcorpusid":11997235,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In each geographic region, genomic distance between geographic sites for each species was calculated as the proportion of nucleotide sites at which the consensus sequence for each geographic site differed (following Nei & Kumar, 2000)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":49268315,"citingcorpusid":19427602,"citedcorpusid":33918144,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Highly selective systems have been proposed that can transport peptides from the brain into circulatio"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1855867649,"citingcorpusid":2434722,"citedcorpusid":11997235,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These values (p distances) were corrected for multiple substitutions at the same site using the Jukes–Cantor correction (Jukes and Cantor 1969) and the modified Nei and Gojobori method (Nei and Kumar 2000), the latter allowing for rate differences in transitional and transversional changes."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2097623272,"citingcorpusid":88384874,"citedcorpusid":11997235,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The tree was drawn to scale with branch lengths calculated using the average pathway method (Nei and Kumar 2000) and were in units of number of changes over the whole sequence.","A maximum parsimony (MP) tree was obtained using the subtree-pruningregrafting (SPR) algorithm (Nei and Kumar 2000) with search level 1 in which the initial trees were obtained with random addition of sequences (10 replicates)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2910732117,"citingcorpusid":89526913,"citedcorpusid":11997235,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…using Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap consensus trees based on the most realistic substitution models, such as General Time Reversible for COI (Nei & Kumar 2000) and K2P for 18S and 28S. Gaps were treated with the Pairwise-Deletion option for unambiguous alignments or alignments with minimal…"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":825019454,"citingcorpusid":44703162,"citedcorpusid":127650979,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Standard techniques were employed to produce 40Ar/ 39Ar age spectra, apparent K/Ca diagrams and isochron diagrams as described by Snee (2003).","For irradiation, an aluminium canister was loaded with six silica vials, each containing samples and standards similar to that described by Snee (2003).","Each sample was heated in a double-vacuum low-blank resistance furnace (similar to that described by Staudacher et al. 1978) for 20 min, in a series of 5–12 steps, to a maximum of 1400 8C, and analysed using the standard stepwise heating technique described by Snee (2003)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3988885470,"citingcorpusid":253890455,"citedcorpusid":122899065,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Ganzburg, M.I.: Polynomial inequalities on measurable sets and their applications.","Moreover, Erdélyi [9] and Ganzburg [12] conjectured that","Moreover, Erdélyi [9] and Ganzburg [12] conjectured that\nC(n,β) = T2n (\n1\ncos(β/4)\n) (1.4)\nfor any β > 0."],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2680290240,"citingcorpusid":21899183,"citedcorpusid":4459754,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Some studies suggest that there is no increased likelihood of weight gain in weight cyclers compared with non-cyclers (11,35), whereas other studies report that weight cyclers gain more weight than non-cyclers (18,38).","Most previous studies have examined this relationship over a shorter follow-up period (18,22,35,38) using varied definitions of weight cycling.","However, these previous studies have typically been conducted over a 5-year or shorter follow-up period (18,22, 35,38).","These findings are consistent with previous findings that weight cycling is not independently associated with disproportionate weight gain (11,15,32,35,45)."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":2099759255,"citingcorpusid":218586384,"citedcorpusid":11997235,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["An unrooted phylogenetic tree for nineteen species of ACG Telothyria inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method based on the General Time Reversible model (Nei and Kumar 2000) conducted in MEGA X (Kumar et al."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1883434942,"citingcorpusid":10782258,"citedcorpusid":11997235,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the General Time Reversible model (Nei and Kumar, 2000).","Evolutionary history was inferred using the maximum likelihood method based on the general time reversible model (Nei and Kumar, 2000)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3909643200,"citingcorpusid":10159062,"citedcorpusid":11997235,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The significance of the difference between these rates was tested with a Z-test of selection at the 5% level, whereby the P-values are the probability of falsely rejecting the null hypothesis of neutrality dN = dS (Nei and Kumar 2000)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1889842965,"citingcorpusid":4574689,"citedcorpusid":11997235,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Representative HCV E1E2 sequences were downloaded from GenBank, trimmed, translated, and aligned according to overlying encoded amino acids utilizing the Clustal W tool in MEGA5 (62).","The evolutionary relationships of HCV E1E2 nucleotide sequences were calculated using the maximum-likelihood method implemented in MEGA5 (62) based on the data-specific model (63)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3757602143,"citingcorpusid":242425994,"citedcorpusid":11997235,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A discrete Gamma distribution was used to model evolutionary rate differences among sites (5 categories (+G, parameter = 0.3444)) Maximum parsimony tree was generated using 500 replicates with Subtree-Pruning-Regrafting (SPR) algorithm (Nei and Kumar, 2000)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2067974856,"citingcorpusid":9955115,"citedcorpusid":11997235,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Phylogeny was inferred by maximum parsimony (Nei and Kumar, 2000) with default CNI values for tree searching."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1870921147,"citingcorpusid":3849719,"citedcorpusid":11997235,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The bestfit model (that with the lowest Bayesian Information Criterion, BIC, as recommended in Nei & Kumar, 2000) was identified with MEGA 7.0.21 using ML method (3) Bayesian inference (BI) tree was built using the same taxa included in the ML analysis, for validating the tree topology using…"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3786488709,"citingcorpusid":246655495,"citedcorpusid":11997235,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Supplementary Data 1 Evolutionary analysis inferred using the Maximum Likelihood method and General Time Reversible model [21] using the standard pilot dataset of the NDV consortium [4] and the F gene sequence of Barin/2017."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1668794558,"citingcorpusid":26482063,"citedcorpusid":206506814,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["GSCs and SSCs, indicating that signaling maintains Cell Fate Determination Events stem cell fate or viability (Kiger et al., 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3254276202,"citingcorpusid":225243853,"citedcorpusid":123029756,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The initiation of intralaminar damage in the fibre-reinforced composites was captured using the Hashin damage approach [23,24] and its evolution was defined via a continuum damage mechanics approach [25]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1780366415,"citingcorpusid":18039147,"citedcorpusid":206506814,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["UPD expressed by hub cells activates the Janus kinase– signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway in Drosophila SSCs to specify stem cell self-renewal (Kiger et al., 2001) (Tulina and Matunis, 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2161028713,"citingcorpusid":218929796,"citedcorpusid":27625122,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1, which is developed from the converter-based TPSS proposed in [8], [10], and [13].","The detailed structure and coordinated control strategy of multiconverter of FTPSS is proposed in [8]–[10]; more importantly, the PQ problems in conventional TPSS are solved."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2161028610,"citingcorpusid":218929796,"citedcorpusid":201621918,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1, which is developed from the converter-based TPSS proposed in [8], [10], and [13].","The detailed structure and coordinated control strategy of multiconverter of FTPSS is proposed in [8]–[10]; more importantly, the PQ problems in conventional TPSS are solved."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":43436899,"citingcorpusid":52020704,"citedcorpusid":21726657,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Different from B-spline expansions in [1], [15], [16-20], the following FLS is used to approximate γ(y, u(t)):","Active fault tolerant control techniques consist of adapting the control law using the information given by fault diagnosis algorithms in [19]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3995507191,"citingcorpusid":254223094,"citedcorpusid":39464418,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["IgAN is the most common glomerular disease worldwide (20)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1112677887,"citingcorpusid":145745841,"citedcorpusid":146476083,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Eleven percent of Latino students who dropped out of high school in 2004 had been retained at some point (Kohler & Lazarín, 2007).","Kong and Pearson (2002) noted that in the beginning, students were reluctant or unwilling to participate in discussions.","Kong and Pearson (2002) noted that in the beginning, students were reluctant or unwilling to participate in discussions. Their teacher believed in her students’ capabilities and maintained high expectations. However, she did not just expect them to succeed without considerable effort and support on her part. Morocco and Hindin (2002) explain that after explicit cognitive and linguistic support from the teacher, ELLs incorporated her academic vocabulary and content into their peer-led discussions.","Nearly 80 percent of English language learners in U.S. schools are native Spanish\nspeakers (Goldenberg, 2008; Kohler & Lazarín, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2917009653,"citingcorpusid":117844758,"citedcorpusid":132030309,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The data were obtained during the International Cirrus Experiment (Raschke et al. 1990)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3602387222,"citingcorpusid":239127234,"citedcorpusid":67864693,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the face of such massive infrastructure construction and production potential, the automation, intelligence, and safety of industrial control systems denote important components to ensure national security and social livelihood [79]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2893784949,"citingcorpusid":221693401,"citedcorpusid":18561235,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Rouleau and Dotta (2015) and Muehsam and Ventura (2014) pointed out that, at atomic and subatomic scales, biological systems can be influenced by subtle energies and that these enable a higher order discourse that influences the metabolic and electromagnetic output of cells."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2893782611,"citingcorpusid":221693401,"citedcorpusid":13691662,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In various papers (Melkikh and Khrennikov, 2017; Melkikh and Mahecha, 2017; Melkikh, 2018; 2019), it was shown that thinking (and thereby implicitly also consciousness) is the natural product of a partially directed evolution of the universe and that, consequently, new knowledge should, at least partly, explain the already existing knowledge at a much deeper level.","It is of interest, that such silicates have\nbeen reported to be among candidates for the facilitation of oligo-nucleotide synthesis in the creation of first life in the biological evolution (Geesink and Meijer, 2016; Meijer and Geesink, 2016, 2017; Melkikh and Meijer, 2018; Adamatzky, 2013; Hashizum, 2012).","At the same time, genetic events are, at least partly, controlled by long-range quantum forces, (Melkikh and Krennikov, 2017; Melkikh and Mahecha, 2017) (Fig.","The present autors maintain that such\nan emergent process will exhibit countless potential solutions of which the evolutionary time would be insufficient to make proper choices for the most optimal ones (Melkikh and Meijer, 2018).","In particular, in the work (Melkikh, 2014b), a quantum model of the interaction of biologically important molecules was constructed.","Dirk K. F. Meijer *, Igor Jerman **, Alexey V. Melkikh *** and Valeriy I. Sbitnev ****\nPart 2 of this review article provides a novel conceptual bridge between living and non-living systems, being of relevance for the areas of biophysics, brain research, as well as for mechanisms of biological evolution.","Melkikh, AV, Khrennikov, A Yampolsky, R, 2019.","This entire process was also depicted as a kind of “biological music” (see section 3.4) originating from a pre-existing universal law intrinsic to nature, and conceptualized as a toroidal alternative to random selforganization (Meijer and Geesink, 2018; Melkikh and Meijer, 2018).","Melkikh, AV, 2019.","The presence of such a field-receptive resonant workspace may therefore provide an interpretation framework for widely reported, but poorly understood transpersonal conscious states (Meijer and Geesink, 2017) and also for an algorithmic origin of life (Meijer and Geesink, 2018; Melkikh and Meijer, 2018; Walker and Davies, 2013).","Congenital programs of behavior, as well\nas other intrinsic properties of organisms, are seen therefore as a part of directed evolution (Melkikh and Khrennikov, 2017).","They can also be regarded as energy-informational system in whole organisms, brain and its components such as proteins, DNA and bioplasm (Adamski, 2019, Meijer and Geesink, 2018, Melkikh and Meijer, 2018).","Based on this model, of Melkikh (2019), the formation of synaptic connections between neurons can be modeled as follows:","Based on this model, of Melkikh (2019),\nthe formation of synaptic connections between neurons can be modeled as follows:\n   , ,u u u u f u v D u\nt\n      \n ,\n   , ,v v v v g u v D v\nt\n      \n ,\n          max axmmm n u\nmn u m u nm u n u\nm m\np W p W p\nt\n       \n  \n          ax maxmm m n v\nmn v m v nm v n v\nm m\np W p W p\nt","The presence of a priori information could explain the partially directed character of biological and cosmic evolution, as have also be indicated by\nISSN 1970-223X\nwww.quantumbiosystems.org\nMelkikh and Khrennikov (2016) (see also section 6).","Therefore, such silicate quantum replicators may have been instrumental in the initiation of first replicating living cells at the edge of pre-biotic evolution (Adamatzky, 2013; Hashizum, 2012, Grandpierre, 2014, Melkikh, 2016; Tranter, 1985; Walker and Davies, 2013).","To solve the problem of knowledge\nacquisition in life processes, the concept of quantum metalanguage was developed (Melkikh et al., 2019).","We hold that primordial information is\nrequired, and assume it to be guided by longdistance discrete EMF frequencies as a form of partially directed evolution (Meijer and Geesink, 2018b, 2019b, Melkikh and Meijer, 2018)\nISSN 1970-223X\nwww.quantumbiosystems.org\n6.4 Biological Evolution Is a\nPartially Directed Process\nIn the present paper, we assume a long-\ndistance wave/particle influence on brain function in relation to consciousness.","176, 32-40\nMelkikh A.V. Theory of directed evolution.","Such pattern recognition ability may have been directed by combinations of EM radiation frequencies through inducing morphic resonance with coherent vibrational elements\nISSN 1970-223X\nwww.quantumbiosystems.org\n(structured water, proteins, oligonucleotides) of proto-cells (Meijer and Geesink, 2019b, 2018b, Melkikh and Meijer, 2018).","In this respect, the involvement of quantum effects solved the so-called generalized Levinthal’s paradox (Melkikh, 2014b, Melkikh and Meijer, 2018).","Such a long-range aspect was earlier described by us for a potential soliton-guided protein folding (Melkikh and Meijer, 2018) (Fig.","In the studies of Melkikh, (2018), the\nhypothesis of a directed evolution of life in the Universe was put forward, which can be formulated in the form of the following provisions:\n1."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":2893782124,"citingcorpusid":221693401,"citedcorpusid":186203239,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is tempting to suggest that not only some sort of personal brain is created within our organism, but that somehow, at the same time, an extraneuronal personal information source is produced, that may be associated with the personal brain but is not reducible to it (Wolf, 1985, 1989)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":826661473,"citingcorpusid":13755254,"citedcorpusid":21740237,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These have been reported in Sasaki et al. (2004), Arabidopsis (Hoekenga et al., 2006), Brassica napus (Ligaba et al., 2006), rye (Secale cereale L.) (Collins et al., 2008), soybean (Glycine max L.) (Liang et al., 2013), Medicago sativa (Liang et al., 2013), and Holcus lanatus (Chen et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":826660418,"citingcorpusid":13755254,"citedcorpusid":5041222,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The activity of R-type/QUAC channels can be modulated by cytosolic nucleotides, calcium, anion gradients, sulfate concentration, phosphorylation, ABA, and H2O2 but this varies between proteins (Roberts, 2006; Diatloff et al., 2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2212376821,"citingcorpusid":220302589,"citedcorpusid":195322556,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(Hammarlund and Pedersen 2007, 213; Hammarlund et al. 2008, 69, 86; Christiansen et al. in this volume.)"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2212376530,"citingcorpusid":220302589,"citedcorpusid":55594585,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Therefore the materials of the reliquary are from the age before Reformation.4 The relics in active ecclesiastical use were repeatedly wrapped in new silk fabrics to protect them against the wear and tear of time (Ozoline 2009, 28; Hahn 2010, 291–292; Immonen and Taavitsainen 2011, 164).","(Immonen and Taavitsainen 2011, 164.)","No reliquaries of metal have survived in Finnish churches mainly due to the confi scations of valuable ecclesiastical property during the Reformation process in the 16th century (Immonen and Taavitsainen 2011, 142)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1572963274,"citingcorpusid":32901314,"citedcorpusid":145013267,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The best known example has been presented by von Frisch, who demonstrated that the honey bee detects the polarization pattern of sky light for directional purposes (yon Frisch, 1967). Finally, in further support of the model presented in this paper is the observation of Hagins and McGaughy (1967) that glutaraldehyde fixation leaves the fast photoelectric waveforms of squid retina essentially unchanged from those of fixed retinas, which is in agreement with the observations of Pak and Helmrich for vertebrate photoreceptors."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":560665861,"citingcorpusid":55698010,"citedcorpusid":32471104,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…a few species have been observed following changes in resource availability and disturbance (e.g. Rice and Menke, 1985; Wilson and Tilman, 1995; Suding and Goldberg, 2001), while larger comparative studies have generally found that hierarchies are relatively stable between environments (Rösch…","There is experimental evidence to support both sides of the argument, as shifts in competitive hierarchies among a few species have been observed following changes in resource availability and disturbance (e.g. Rice and Menke, 1985; Wilson and Tilman, 1995; Suding and Goldberg, 2001), while larger comparative studies have generally found that hierarchies are relatively stable between environments (Rösch et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2434848948,"citingcorpusid":9270677,"citedcorpusid":13684195,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Typically, the evolutionary search process discovers many default strategies followed by block-expanding strategies and few particle rules on some runs [15,20].","72 [20].","Indeed, the first generations of an evolutionary algorithm search are usually dominated by default strategies, which are gradually replaced by block-expanding strategies, and finally (only in about 2 % of runs) particle strategies [15,20].","The potential of genetic algorithms for computational emergence in the DCT has been extensively investigated [2,15,16,20].","The particle strategies discovered by genetic algorithms and reported in [2,15,16,20] are able to facilitate global synchronization opening the prospect of using evolutionary models to automatically evolve computation for more complex systems."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1847406062,"citingcorpusid":13294318,"citedcorpusid":4347930,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The geomorphology of coral reefs is underpinned by large-scale geological structure and controlled by environmental gradients in climate and oceanographic processes that, in combination with biological feedbacks, result in well-defined and clearly recognisable landforms (Chappell 1980, Done 1983).","The geomorphology of coral reefs is underpinned by large-scale geological structure and controlled by environmental gradients in climate and oceanographic processes that, in combination with biological feedbacks, result in well-defined and clearly recognisable landforms (Chappell  1980 , Done  1983 )."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1526822503,"citingcorpusid":19056626,"citedcorpusid":4347930,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…primary physical determinants remain adequate ‘accommodation space’ (Spencer 2011) and suitable hydrodynamic conditions (Hearn 2001), i.e. sufficient depth and adequate rates of exchange of water to allow coral occupancy of the area (Morton 1974; Rosen 1975; Connell 1978, Chappell 1980; Done 1983).","sufficient depth and adequate rates of exchange of water to allow coral occupancy of the area (Morton 1974; Rosen 1975; Connell 1978,  Chappell 1980;  Done 1983)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1513681351,"citingcorpusid":8062661,"citedcorpusid":14086414,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As Hassenzahl (2006) points out, designers of interactive products cannot exert a high level of control over emotional responses in a particular design, but they can design to create the possibility of an experience to occur during future interactions."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1867145594,"citingcorpusid":20749990,"citedcorpusid":45233734,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["26 These climate changes are not only expected to directly affect humans through more severe and prolonged weather events, but also by changing the home range of wildlife species and vectors of disease, such as ticks, and altering the time when a disease can typically be transmitted to humans.","26 The total effects of climate change on zoonotic disease transmission and distribution is still unknown, and there are many factors that complicate predictions.","26 Regardless of the specifics, alterations in disease distribution and transmission are expected as a result of changes in climate."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":561793835,"citingcorpusid":55111550,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["At the MPN (Porter 1979), the mycorrhizal soil infectivity (MSI) same time, scientific and technological progresses are (Plenchette et al. 1989) and the undisturbed core coming to a point where it may be possible to integrate (Brundrett et al. 1994) methods were the most favourably AMF management…","At the MPN (Porter 1979), the mycorrhizal soil infectivity (MSI) same time, scientific and technological progresses are (Plenchette et al. 1989) and the undisturbed core coming to a point where it may be possible to integrate (Brundrett et al."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3721198888,"citingcorpusid":248096069,"citedcorpusid":3734652,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["But, there are studies showing that birth weight in Awassi lambs is affected by gender (Yakan et al., 2012; Juengel et al., 2018; AlMomani et al., 2020), as well as studies showing that it is not (Şireli et al.","But, there are studies showing that birth weight in Awassi lambs is affected by gender (Yakan et al., 2012; Juengel et al., 2018; AlMomani et al., 2020), as well as studies showing that it is not (Şireli et al., 2015; Boran, 2018; Gül et al., 2020;\nGül and Oflaz, 2021)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4025503176,"citingcorpusid":251853022,"citedcorpusid":155345802,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A number of lab-in-thefield experiments similarly indicate that household members often conceal some of their resources from each other (for example, Ashraf, 2009; Fiala & He, 2016; Castilla & Walker, 2013; Hoel, 2015).","For example Jejeebhoy (2002) asks both co-heads questions on the locus of decision-making on a variety of issues, as well as specific questions concerning women’s mobility and access to resources. Ghuman, Lee, and Smith (2006) collect data from both co-heads on a range of autonomy-related topics, including the need of the female co-head to obtain the male co-head’s permission to go to different types of places, the female co-head’s capacity to decide on their children’s affairs, whether the female co-head is allowed to have a job, and her role in deciding on the number of children and on household expenditures.","For example Jejeebhoy (2002) asks both co-heads questions on the locus of decision-making on a variety of issues, as well as specific questions concerning women’s mobility and access to resources."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3354597508,"citingcorpusid":235272835,"citedcorpusid":125387640,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Lysmer and Wass [13] employed the lumped mass method while others [14] applied the finite elements along with special non-reflecting boundaries to investigate the isolation efficiency of open and bentonite-slurry-filled trenches in layered soil."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4084759643,"citingcorpusid":257701480,"citedcorpusid":44136394,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["About 90% of ovarian cancers are epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC).(3) The early stage of the EOC has a relatively better prognosis of 5 years overall survival rate 61–87%, while for the advanced stage is 14–38%."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1160882584,"citingcorpusid":163158549,"citedcorpusid":120200650,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Hodge’s international career with his 1930 paper [46], where he proved that a nonzero holomorphic n-form—an “n-ple integral of the first kind” in Hodge’s terminology—on a complex n-dimensional algebraic variety cannot have all its periods equal to zero, thus answering a question posed by Francesco Severi for algebraic surfaces (n = 2).","Once a line of thought—like the argument developed in [46]—has been recast in a universally practised technique, its originality at the time it was conceived becomes very hard for us to appreciate."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3755757895,"citingcorpusid":249165063,"citedcorpusid":206288325,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…reticular mais espessa, possui tecido conjuntivo denso e fibras elásticas, é na camada dérmica que podem ser encontrados os vasos sanguíneos e linfáticos, anexos da pele como pelos, glândulas sebáceas e sudoríparas e terminações nervosas (Hales, 2001; Carrer et al., 2008; Garidel et al., 2010).","E por último a tela subcutânea ou Hipoderme, no qual possui um tecido conjuntivo frouxo, une derme aos órgãos\nsubjacentes, permite deslizamento da pele sobre as estruturas na qual se apoia, contém espessura de tecido adiposo variável (Garidel et al., 2010; Chermical Rubber Company, 1993)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1195427326,"citingcorpusid":192985690,"citedcorpusid":35456492,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["de l‟information spatiale pourrait également avoir lieu au niveau du cortex pariétal postérieur (Kesner, 2009; Save & Poucet, 2000, 2009), c'est-à-dire dans un format qui ne serait pas","ces informations spatiales seraient consolidées au niveau du cortex pariétal postérieur (Kesner, 2009; Save & Poucet, 2000, 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3280129314,"citingcorpusid":232035386,"citedcorpusid":119182287,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In practice, we cycle through steps (c) and (d) several times to neutralize the recoil of the ion crystal due to spontaneous photon scattering [8, 28, 32, 33], and a short optical pumping step for the HCI is implemented before each cycle to ensure that the correct electronic state has been prepared beforehand."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1913579821,"citingcorpusid":131839643,"citedcorpusid":129299232,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thus, temporal and spatial changes in snow line altitude and the accumulation area ratio can reflect changes in glacier mass (Guo et al. 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2160401109,"citingcorpusid":133329518,"citedcorpusid":23303313,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…sportive capacity of the media in the Control treatment was not saturated, and that the sportive capacity of the smaller soil volumes without vegetation used by Henderson et al. (2006) and Lucas and Greenway (2008) did reach saturation and so demand by plants contributed significantly to treatment.","Henderson et al. (2006) and Lucas and Greenway (2008) found vegetation to significantly improve PO4 treatment in much smaller soil volumes.","However, the systems tested here contained much greater soil volumes and similar influent phosphorus loading compared to those tested by Henderson et al. (2006) and Lucas and Greenway (2008).","…(2007) demonstrated that PO4 effluent\n51\nconcentrations varied greatly with different media configurations in column studies without plants, although Henderson et al. (2006) and Lucas and Greenway (2008) show that plants reduced PO4 effluent concentrations relative to similar media without plants.","A longerduration study that inputs enough PO4 to saturate the sportive capacity of the Control treatment may demonstrate that vegetation does contribute to PO4 removal similar to Henderson et al. (2006) and Lucas and Greenway (2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3177447102,"citingcorpusid":142918356,"citedcorpusid":222228722,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The first step in structuring a writing methods course that takes advantage of the limited amount of time is to examine preservice teachers in the act of learning to teach writing (Bloom, 1990).","preservice teachers in the act of learning to teach writing (Bloom, 1990)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4017665729,"citingcorpusid":254987781,"citedcorpusid":84837826,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Modern microfinance institutions (MFIs) have two dual missions—social outreach and financial sustainability—also known as ‘double bottom line’(Ben Soltane 2014; Conning 1999; Louis et al. 2013; Hermes et al. 2011; Piot-Lepetit and Nzongang 2014; Yaron 1994).","We classify MFIs as a producer of financial services as they provide credit, savings, microinsurance etc. to their clients (Ben Soltane 2014).","Financial revenue over asset is chosen as an indicator of financial sustainability, similar to other empirical studies, due to the importance of long term viability of the sector (Ben Soltane 2014; Gutierrez-Nieto et al. 2007).","Yaron (1994) has clearly stated the important indicators that can be used to evaluate the social outreach, and these have been used by other researchers (GutierrezNieto et al. 2007; Ben Soltane 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":376212682,"citingcorpusid":312905,"citedcorpusid":21027836,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Indeed, ascorbate supplementation or deprivation influence its own transport in osteoblasts (Dixon and Wilson, 1992) and astrocytes (Wilson et al., 1990); in addition, we recently demonstrated a substrate-mediated translational control for SVCT2 in platelets (Savini et al.","Indeed, ascorbate supplementation or deprivation influence its own transport in osteoblasts (Dixon and Wilson, 1992) and astrocytes (Wilson et al., 1990); in addition, we recently demonstrated a substrate-mediated translational control for SVCT2 in platelets (Savini et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3983629717,"citingcorpusid":253649185,"citedcorpusid":233440329,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Sedangkan (Kurniawan, 2021) menyebutkan tentang rasio utang terhadap ekuitas tidak mempunyai pengaruh signfiikan pada pergerakan harga saham perusahaan textile di Pakistan.","Hasil penelitian tersebut relevan dengan percobaan (Sausan et al., 2020) serta (Kurniawan, 2021)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1554056352,"citingcorpusid":132671911,"citedcorpusid":60664372,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The landslide literature reveals that a quantitative ANN method has been succesfully used in a considerable number of landslide susceptibility mapping studies (Table 1) (e.g. Lee et al. 2003, 2004; Ermini et al. 2005; Ercanoglu 2005; Gomez and Kavzoglu 2005; Yesilnacar and Topal 2005; Kanungo et al. 2006; Pradhan and Lee 2007; Yilmaz 2009a, b; Kawabata and Bandidas 2009; Yilmaz 2010; Choi et al. 2012; Li et al. 2012; Bui et al. 2012; Das et al. 2013; Ramakrishnan et al. 2013; Park et al. 2013; Wu et al. 2013; Zare et al. 2013; Conforti et al. 2014; Alimohammadlou et al. 2014, Chen et al. 2015; Romer and Ferentinou 2016; Arnone et al. 2016).","…and Bandidas 2009; Yilmaz 2010; Choi et al. 2012; Li et al. 2012; Bui et al. 2012; Das et al. 2013; Ramakrishnan et al. 2013; Park et al. 2013; Wu et al. 2013; Zare et al. 2013; Conforti et al. 2014; Alimohammadlou et al. 2014, Chen et al. 2015; Romer and Ferentinou 2016;\nArnone et al. 2016)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3942490789,"citingcorpusid":252458782,"citedcorpusid":146550017,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…variations in sentencing judges’ punitiveness, or their tendencies to sentence convicted people to prison or the community, to isolate causal effects of imprisonment and pretrial detention on labor market outcomes and recidivism (Loeffler 2013; Dobbie, Goldin, and Yang 2018; Harding et al. 2018).","Unsurprisingly, greater rigor in causal identification yields mixed results that complicate assessment of earlier findings that outcomes were due solely to incarceration (e.g., Loeffler 2013; Norris, Pecenco, and Weaver 2021)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":767703085,"citingcorpusid":4607105,"citedcorpusid":60832129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["LA have previously been used to model biological systems [19], and have attracted considerable interest in the last decade because they can learn the optimal actions when operating in (or interacting with) unknown stochastic environments."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1546019643,"citingcorpusid":131066084,"citedcorpusid":129792795,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…researchers have modeled the uncertainties in input parameters using uniformly distributed strength parameters with upper and lower bounds, which is the simplest form of probabilistic analysis (Dietrich et al. 2001; Meisina and Scarabelli 2007; Terhorst and Kreja 2009; Yilmaz and Keskin 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":583992259,"citingcorpusid":55722282,"citedcorpusid":39547643,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["the topic only consider limited decompositions of the public budget, like investment versus current expenditure (Alegre 2010), or different types of public investment (Faguet 2004; Kappeler and Valila 2008), or pork barreling versus different expenditures (Diaz-Cayeros et al.","The few existing studies on the topic only consider limited decompositions of the public budget, like investment versus current expenditure (ALEGRE, 2010), or different types of public investment (FAGUET, 2004; KAPPELER and VÄLILÄ, 2008), or pork barrelling versus different expenditures…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":334704885,"citingcorpusid":1045270,"citedcorpusid":25799637,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In support of this, DNA binding by the Atf1-Pcr1 heterodimer is known to alter local nucleosome positioning at the ade6-M26 hotspot and thereby promote meiotic recombination (Mizuno et\nVol. 13, September 2002 2985\nal., 1997; Kon et al., 1998)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":53263948,"citingcorpusid":13237258,"citedcorpusid":39039763,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Suppose then that inequality (25) is strict for all x > x∗.","E[ub(x, c)|c ∈ Vc] = E[ub(x, c)|c ∈ Vc] + ∫ x x∗ E[a(s, c)|c ∈ Vc]ds ≤ (x∗ − p2) + (x− x∗) = x− p2 (25)","If inequality (25) holds with equality for any x̄ > x∗, it must be the case that for all x > x∗ and almost all c ∈ Vc , a(x, c) = 1."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1695778766,"citingcorpusid":38474826,"citedcorpusid":5448176,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A definitive diagnosis of PCP requires visualization of P jiroveci in lung biopsy specimens or in sputum samples of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.(1,4) Bronchoscopic examination, with multilobe, site-directed BAL, is the preferred procedure for a diagnosis of PCP in both HIV-positive and HIVnegative patients, because it has a high sensitivity and specificity.","3% to 25%, respectively.(4,19,20) Therefore, PCP should be considered as differential diagnosis when patients with advanced cancer present with nonresolving pneumonia, even if they receive palliative care."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3243067127,"citingcorpusid":231791812,"citedcorpusid":33690629,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["FD symptoms may also greatly fluctuate, such as between taking history and conducting the physical examination (a patient’s gait entering the clinic may differ from their atypical gait during examination or marked worsening provoked by video recording) (29, 34, 78).","Rather than a gradual progression of symptoms, as is generally seen in OD, FD patients commonly report a sudden onset of maximal symptom severity and rapid symptomatic progression (78).","In the upper extremities, FD frequently manifests as wrist and finger flexion, sometimes with a clenched fist and generally involving the dominant side (78, 117).","There may also be inconsistency in distribution over time, with a pattern of distribution sometimes appearing random or cyclical, in contrast to static symptoms or a methodical spread seen in OD (78)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1670237904,"citingcorpusid":44083771,"citedcorpusid":206877812,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["They found a significant association between rs12041331 and flow-mediated\n*With covariates P2Y12 antagonist, reason for admission (stable CAD/type of ACS), arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, diabetes mellitus, medication (ASA, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, statins), age, gender, and LVEF.","Genetic variants in PEAR1 influence platelet aggregation in healthy individuals on ASA (rs2768759, rs12041331) (Herrera-Galeano et al., 2008; Backman et al., 2017) and in aspirin-treated patients with CAD (rs12041331) (Wurtz et al., 2014).","Patients on ASA with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) carrying PEAR1 rs2768759 SNPs were not at higher risk for death, MI, or stroke (Voora et al., 2011).","…the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PEAR1 and platelet function: rs2768759 and rs12566888 are associated with increased platelet aggregation in healthy individuals and individuals on ASA (Herrera-Galeano et al., 2008; Jones et al., 2009; Johnson et al., 2010; Eicher et al., 2016a).","Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) showed an association between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PEAR1 and platelet function: rs2768759 and rs12566888 are associated with increased platelet aggregation in healthy individuals and individuals on ASA (Herrera-Galeano et al., 2008; Jones et al., 2009; Johnson et al., 2010; Eicher et al., 2016a).","In contrast to our results, Herrera-Galeano et al. found that SNP rs2768759 [A/C] is associated with high on-treatment in individuals with premature CAD on ASA (Herrera-Galeano et al., 2008).","The effects of SNPs on platelet endpoints were investigated by Wilcoxon– Mann–Whitney tests as well as median regression with covariates P2Y12 antagonist, reason for admission (stable CAD/type of ACS), arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, diabetes mellitus, medication (ASA, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, statins), age, gender, and LVEF.","Methods: In 582 consecutive patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) or\nacute coronary syndrome (ACS) scheduled for PCI and treated with ASA and Clopidogrel,\nPrasugrel, or Ticagrelor, SNP analysis for rs12566888, rs2768759, rs41273215,\nrs3737224, and rs822442 was performed.","Frontiers in Pharmacology | www.frontiersin.org 6 May 2018 | Volume 9 | Article 490\nTABLE 5 | Platelet function analysis.\nrs12566888 hc of major allele\nmedian\nminor allele carriers\nmedian\nDifference in\nlocation\nLower/upper\n95% CI\nWMW test\np-value\nMedian regression\np-value*\nMean platelet volume 9.8 5.9 0.2 −0.6, 1 0.6 0.31\nPlatelet count 238 226 8 −6, 23 0.28 0.083\nPlatelet aggregation test:\nADP 34 24 4 0, 9 0.065 0.13\nArachidonic acid 13 12 1 −1, 3 0.33 0.43\nTRAP test 82 79 5 −1, 11 0.09 0.15\nCollagen test 36 33 4 −5, 15 0.37 0.88\nrs2768759 major allele carriers\nmedian\nhc of minor allele\nmedian\nDifference in\nlocation\nLower/upper\n95% CI\nWMW test\np-value\nMedian regression\np-value*\nMean platelet volume 8.90 9.60 0.2 −0.9, 0.9 0.68 0.056\nPlatelet count 236 240 0 −26, 26 0.98 0.89\nPlatelet aggregation test:\nADP 32 24 4 −3, 12 0.25 0.21\nArachidonic acid 13 11.50 2 −1, 5 0.12 0.63\nTRAP test 82 75.5 3 −6, 12 0.49 0.14\nCollagen test 37 33 6 −6, 24 0.32 0.35\nrs41273215 hc of major allele\nmedian\nminor allele carriers\nmedian\nDifference in\nlocation\nLower/upper\n95% CI\nWMW test\np-value\nMedian regression\np-value*\nMean platelet volume 9.90 9.55 0.3 −0.2, 0.8 0.18 0.12\nPlatelet count 243 218 14 1, 27 0.028 0.036\nPlatelet aggregation test:\nADP 33 26 4 −1, 8 0.1 0.13\nArachidonic acid 13 13 1 −1, 2 0.45 0.3\nTRAP test 83 75 7 2, 12 0.0094 0.0042\nCollagen test 37 30 7 −2, 18 0.13 0.73\n*With covariates P2Y12 antagonist, reason for admission (stable CAD/type of ACS), arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, diabetes mellitus, medication (ASA, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, statins), age, gender, and LVEF.","have demonstrated that SNP rs41299597 is associated with an increased expression of PEAR1 in activated platelets (Jones et al., 2009).","This association was even stronger and more consistent after administration of ASA, suggesting a relationship between the C allele and reduced platelet responsiveness to ASA (Herrera-Galeano et al., 2008).","Yao et al. showed that in an Asian cohort of patients undergoing PCI, on-treatment platelet reactivity under ASA and Clopidogrel was higher in rs41273215 minor allele carriers (p = 0.025) (Yao et al., 2016).","Jones et al. have demonstrated that SNP rs41299597 is associated with an increased expression of PEAR1 in activated platelets (Jones et al., 2009)."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],["background"],null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2448552243,"citingcorpusid":98160590,"citedcorpusid":96362765,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The following linear forms of the Langmuir and Freundlich equations were used to treat the isothermal data (Freundlich 1906; Langmuir 1918; Wu et al. 2005):\nLangmuir equation: Ce/qe = 1/(KLqm) + Ce/qm (7)\nFreundlich equation: ln qe = lnKF + (1/n)lnCe (8)\nThe Langmuir model fits the adsorption…"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3930412938,"citingcorpusid":252203751,"citedcorpusid":20494277,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["enrichment analysis Based on the mRNA expression profiles of the IEVGs or IESig genes, consensus clustering was performed using the “ConsensusClusterPlus” R package [17]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2403201826,"citingcorpusid":43174007,"citedcorpusid":5881567,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This strategy has been successfully applied to the synthesis of a number of complex protein targets, including human lysozyme [120], HIV-1 protease [121], and full-length glycosylated EPO [87]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3615317110,"citingcorpusid":244347199,"citedcorpusid":10450470,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["showed that 51% preferred the MAD, 23% preferred CPAP, 21% preferred either, and 5% preferred no treatment.(34) Therefore, MADs have the potential to offer greater treatment effectiveness in reducing OSA in cardiovascular research trials."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3636745374,"citingcorpusid":244347199,"citedcorpusid":38268383,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The relationship between OSA and hypertension is best evidenced by the treatment of OSA using CPAP, which works by lowering incident hypertension(37) and BP in patients with pre-existing hypertension.(38) Many clinical trials have shown similar effectiveness between MADs and CPAP in terms of BP reduction."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1643490214,"citingcorpusid":33868880,"citedcorpusid":206336898,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thus, a thorough understanding of the factors underlying the decision of a farmer to buy a production animal, including animal-, farmer-, farm- and site-specific characteristics, becomes crucial in the development of economic weights that provide the necessary direction for the breeding programmes (Amer, 1994; Dekkers and Gibson, 1998; Byrne et al., 2012).","…decision of a farmer to buy a production animal, including animal-, farmer-, farm- and site-specific characteristics, becomes crucial in the development of economic weights that provide the necessary direction for the breeding programmes (Amer, 1994; Dekkers and Gibson, 1998; Byrne et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2553486696,"citingcorpusid":120637831,"citedcorpusid":22098056,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2078649135,"citingcorpusid":155537541,"citedcorpusid":145742483,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["NCLB’s emphasis on standardized test scores in mathematics and reading as a measure of school and teacher performance has led to a narrowing of curriculum (Cawelti, 2006; Darling-Hammond, 2007; Dever & Carlston, 2009; Hursh, 2007; Jennings & Rentner, 2006; Powell et al., 2009).","…not receive effective assistance from education agencies at the state or district level, leaving teachers in those schools with the pressure of accountability policy but without the tools necessary to close educational opportunity gaps (Harris, 2012; Jennings & Rentner, 2006; Rebell & Wolff, 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3527603610,"citingcorpusid":155537541,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Urban, high-needs schools are more likely to face sanctions such as school restructuring or school takeover and, in turn, have teachers who possibly experience more deprofessionalization and demoralization compared with other contexts (Adams & Adams, 2003; Malen & Rice, 2016).","…that the definition of urban education should be clarified to represent the cumulative and synergistic effects persons of color re-segregated into depressed urban locations that are characterized by pervasive poverty (Adams & Adams, 2003; Grant & Zwier, 2014; Milner & Lomotey, 2014; Noguera, 2003).","Taken together, these findings further support the need for analysis by school typology that considers the intersection of student race/ethnicity and socioeconomic level outside of locale (Adams & Adams, 2003; Milner & Lomotey, 2014; Noguera, 2003; Obiakor & Beachum, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3638977219,"citingcorpusid":245635932,"citedcorpusid":58950311,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This tolerance is mediated by a large number of gene clusters associated with metal resistance as well as its adaptation potential during metal exposure (Janssen et al., 2010; Monsieurs et al., 2015; Ali et al., 2019; Mijnendonckx et al., 2019; Van Houdt et al., 2021)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3130790111,"citingcorpusid":225275168,"citedcorpusid":58927041,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Additionally, several studies have come up with the similar conclusion that soil temperature is a major variable affecting soil CO2 emissions, while soil moisture has little to no effect [65,66]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4040822756,"citingcorpusid":255967571,"citedcorpusid":12134592,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["We then applied a fourth order Butterworth bandpass filter (0.02-0.2 Hz) to eliminate 226 artifacts such as cardiac interference, and corrected for motion artifacts using a wavelet motion correction 227 procedure (Molavi & Dumont, 2012).","We did not consider data above 0.2 Hz to avoid systemic noise related to heart rate (0.6 – 260 2 Hz) and respiration (0.2 – 0.3Hz), and further excluded data below 0.01 Hz to remove low frequency fluctuations 261 (Molavi & Dumont, 2012)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1894872407,"citingcorpusid":89150385,"citedcorpusid":27396887,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Each acute bout of cardiorespiratory endurance exercise leads to transient but signifi cant changes in immunity and host defense (Gabriel and Kindermann, 1997; Hoffman-Goetz and Pedersen, 1994; Nieman et al., 1997b, 2002a, 2003a, 2004; Pedersen and Brunsgaard, 1995).","…a role in attenuating changes in immunity when the athlete experiences physiologic stress and depletion of carbohydrate stores in response to high intensity (∼75–80% VO2max) exercise bouts lasting longer than 90 minutes (Nehlsen-Cannarella et al., 1997; Nieman et al., 1997a, 1997c, 1998b, 2003a).","Most randomized, placebo-controlled studies have been unable to demonstrate that vitamin C supplements modulate immune responses following heavy exertion (Nieman et al., 1997b; Nieman et al., 2000b, 2002b)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2332773536,"citingcorpusid":145714207,"citedcorpusid":55725771,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For a detailed discussion of discourse markers and CS, see Lipski (2005) and Torres (2002).","Each switch was subsequently classified according to the long-established sociopragmatic functions typically attested in natural speech production, following ValdésFallis (1976), Poplack (1981), McClure (1981), and Gumperz (1976, 1982), among others."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2313241825,"citingcorpusid":138284013,"citedcorpusid":137217190,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["등 [6] 이 제안한 그린함수 접근법은 그린함수를 과도 구간과 정상 상 태 구간으로 나눈 뒤, 각 구간에 온도에 따른 가중함수를 적용하여 온도 의존적인 재료물성치를 반영하였으며, 고한옥 등([7])이 제안한"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":843156705,"citingcorpusid":59444114,"citedcorpusid":26750906,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Viewing paranoia as linked to homosexual desire became an essentially\nunquestioned axiom of early psychoanalytic thinking (Klein, 1932; Rosenfeld, 1949; Ovesey, 1955; Zamansky, 1958; Watson, 1965).","Viewing paranoia as linked to homosexual desire became an essentially unquestioned axiom of early psychoanalytic thinking (Klein, 1932; Rosenfeld, 1949; Ovesey, 1955; Zamansky, 1958; Watson, 1965)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3996936963,"citingcorpusid":254279406,"citedcorpusid":148542338,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is widely accepted that developmental biology and morphology have been excluded from the evolutionary synthesis (ES) or modern synthesis, and have contributed much less to the ES (Churchill 1980; Coleman 1980; Ghiselin 1980, 2006; Hamburger 1980; Amundson 2005; Laubichler and Maienschein 2007).","This exclusion has often been attributed to a conceptual gap between typological and population thinking (Mayr 1959a, b, 1980; Ghiselin 1980; Amundson 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3419884582,"citingcorpusid":234884110,"citedcorpusid":2562608,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":222070199,"citingcorpusid":42330492,"citedcorpusid":45581808,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We have confirmed previous observations (1, 6, 9, 13) that aerobic gram-negative bacilli can be recovered in isolates from patients with chronic ethmoid sinusitis.","As was described in three previous studies (1, 9, 13) and unlike another report (6), this study illustrated that S.","However, in contrast to maxillary sinusitis, the microbiology of ethmoid sinusitis is not well established; and only a few reports have documented the organisms isolated (1, 6, 9, 13)."],"intents":[["result"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":897228946,"citingcorpusid":5280560,"citedcorpusid":34856009,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, a single previous experience of the plus-maze or light/dark box has been reported to reduce or abolish the effects of both anxiolytic and anxiogenic drugs (Dawson et al., 1994; Escarabajal et al., 2003; Holmes & Rodgers, 2003; Rodgers & Shepherd, 1993)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":382615522,"citingcorpusid":18067454,"citedcorpusid":122234572,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Related Work Many papers in econometrics have noted biases which arise in nonlinear and/or dynamic panel data models with incidental parameters; see, for example, the early papers of Nickell (1981) and Heckman (1981). In certain special cases, estimators of common parameters have been developed that do not depend on unobserved effects."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":297580211,"citingcorpusid":17229659,"citedcorpusid":731997,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Notable examples are Π being the class of graphs that are edgeless [19] (equivalent to Maximum Independent Set), acyclic [5] (equivalent to Maximum Induced Forest), bipartite [18], planar [7], degenerate [17], regular [14], cluster graphs [4], bounded treewidth [9], or bicliques [12], see Table 1.","So far the research on breaking the 2n barrier for the Maximum Induced Π-Subgraph problem concentrated mostly on exploiting sparsity of a graph class, like in [5, 7, 17], or thinness in terms of treewidth, like in the metaresult of Fomin et al.","Thus, the aforementioned results [4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 17, 18, 19] can be viewed as partial progress on Hypothesis 1: the idea is to investigate how different features of the class Π can be used to design an algorithm breaking the 2n barrier."],"intents":[null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3824083880,"citingcorpusid":250442407,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["SAS User's Guide.","SAS Institute Inc. Cary.","Data were statistically analyzed according to ANOVA procedures of SAS (SAS Institute, 2004).","SAS Institute (2004)."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],null]}
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{"citationid":4094410033,"citingcorpusid":258075261,"citedcorpusid":212718918,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In particular, a recent targeted MRM-based analysis of 72 plasma samples from patients with CKD confirmed a significant association of the AMBP protein, beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), lysozyme C (LYZ), hemoglobin subunit beta (HBB), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the estimation of absolute plasma concentrations of a combination of these markers provided a stronger association with the outcome of CKD than individual markers [31].","The increase in PEDF in sFSGS revealed here seems particularly interesting, as it may correlate with its previously described increase in plasma [31]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":435642120,"citingcorpusid":29357409,"citedcorpusid":21871420,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although some investigators have reported that cyclin D1 overexpression is associated with distant organ metastasis and poor survival after surgery, most studies examined advanced tumors (16, 17, 25).","Histological type* NS† Well 24 7 (29) Moderate 49 14 (29) Poor 13 3 (23) Others 3 0 (0) T classification NS Tis 4 0 (0) T1 37 10 (27) mm‡ 4 1 (25) sm‡ 33 9 (27) T2 7 2 (29) T3 38 11 (29) T4 3 1 (33) N classification NS N0 39 12 (31) N1 50 12 (24) M classification NS M0 77 20 (26) M1 12 4 (33) TNM stage NS 0 3 0 (0) I 21 7 (33) IIa 14 5 (36) IIb 16 2 (13) III 23 6 (26) IV 12 4 (33)","No recurrence 14 (56) 12 (75) 15 (47) 4 (25)*† Regional lymph node metastasis 3 (12) 0 6 (19) 2 (13) Distant organ metastasis 8 (32) 3 (19) 7 (22) 9 (56)* Without lymph node metastasis 6 (24) 1 (6) 2 (6) 1 (6) With lymph node metastasis 2 (8) 2 (13) 5 (16) 8 (50)† Others 0 1 (6) 4 (13) 1 (6)"],"intents":[["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":2482535996,"citingcorpusid":96961834,"citedcorpusid":21610262,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
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{"citationid":3844939444,"citingcorpusid":117885009,"citedcorpusid":115913984,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Among the astronomical community the possibility of developing a zero-noise CCD readout system has been extensively discussed [37] [38].","1645v1 [hep-ex] [37] Jean-Luc Gach et al, ”Scientific Detectors for Astronomy 2003”, Edited by J."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1589659609,"citingcorpusid":102656861,"citedcorpusid":12295038,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["21: Bremsvermögen für Müonen in Wasser im Energiebereich von 10 MeV bis 1 TeV [59]","22 die Reichweiten von Müonen in Wasser für die ”continuous slowing down approximation (CSDA)“ aufgetragen [59].","22: Reichweite von Müonen für ”continuous slowing down approximation (CSDA)“ in Wasser als Funktion der Teilchenenergie (10 MeV - 1 TeV) [59].","[59] (Linien); dargestellt sind das totalen Massenbremsvermögen sowie die jeweiligen Anteile durch die myonischen Prozesse der Ionisation, der Bremsstrahlung und der Paarbildung","21, ist das totale Bremsvermögen für Müonen in Wasser zusammen mit den Beiträgen der Einzelprozesse im Energiebereich von 10 MeV bis 1 TeV aufgetragen [59]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1848489779,"citingcorpusid":213764833,"citedcorpusid":19799937,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, the phantoms are essentially in the therapeutic strategies for cancer tissues which depend on the target location.[16] However, the therapeutic strategies have several methods, such as SIRT or radioembolization (RE), which is one considered as a micro-brachytherapy technique used to treat primary and metastasis malignant hepatic lesions by using the 90Yttrium-labeled microspheres.","After that, add the distilled water slowly to the solution until it reaches to 15% weight/volume of the polymer.[16]"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3761790899,"citingcorpusid":240736654,"citedcorpusid":207485489,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Аллопуринол и фебуксостат характеризуются высокой биодоступностью и большим периодом полувыведения, что позволяет применять их один раз в сутки [9], но, в отличие от аллопуринола, 80% которого выводится с мочой преимущественно в виде оксипуринола, фебуксостат экскретируется не только почками."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3775280877,"citingcorpusid":249401237,"citedcorpusid":128677671,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…some previous studies have shown that the grouting strengthened only cohesion to the grouted soils and did not obviously\nBulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment (2022) 81:261\nPage 11 of 16 261\nalter the internal friction angle (Ata and Vipulanandan 1999; Nouri Delavar and Noorzad 2020)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3936785898,"citingcorpusid":252258170,"citedcorpusid":5484976,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Coupled with the negative impacts of climate change, concerns of agricultural GHG emissions have led to the emerging paradigm of climatesmart agriculture (Bagley et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3936785860,"citingcorpusid":252258170,"citedcorpusid":159157372,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["CSA entails the effective agriculture and climate change policies which can also boost green growth, protect the environment and contribute to the eradication of poverty (Synnevag and Lambrou, 2012).","The recent increase in the global number of food poor individuals, along with crop failures caused by adverse weather, has made world leaders increasingly conscious that future climate change may severely impair our ability to feed the growing population by 2050 (Synnevag and Lambrou, 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1891775914,"citingcorpusid":2166278,"citedcorpusid":17567104,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["To assess this point, we perfused the inner side of patches containing T15C channels with our standard solution supplemented with 10 mM Ni21 to activate maximally the channels within the patch (Gordon and Zagotta, 1995).","…intracellular MTSET may be caused by an aspecific interaction between the cationic MTSET and channel portions different from the substituted cysteine, as, for instance, the residue H420, responsible for cGMP-gated current potentiation, at submaximal cGMP concentrations (Gordon and Zagotta, 1995).","The block produced by MTSET applied to the outer side of V4C mutant channels suggests that V4, too, is an outwardly accessible residue (Fig.","The supplementary mutation C505T did not cause any effect in addition to preventing irreversible block by MTS compounds (data not shown)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1530617759,"citingcorpusid":112107121,"citedcorpusid":109632797,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…the potentials and limitations of LCA as the basis for setting ecolabeling criteria in developing countries ABD, GWP, OD, HP, FAET, MTP, POCP, AP, EP\nMungkung et al. 2006\nEvaluate environmental performance for intensive and semi-intensive shrimp farming systems GWP, AP, EP, ABD, CED Cao et al.…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":531811198,"citingcorpusid":3063347,"citedcorpusid":13298387,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although UPEC strains possess multiple AT-encoding genes, very little is known about the function of their products and only Ag43, UpaG, Sat, and UpaH have been associated with virulence (1, 21, 22, 69, 72).","These include the secreted toxin Sat (21, 22), the phase variable outer membrane protein antigen 43 (Ag43) (69), the trimeric AT protein UpaG (72), and the surface-located UpaH (1)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2392663224,"citingcorpusid":2037189,"citedcorpusid":31431000,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["automated systems provides reasonable ease of operation, reliability, reproducibility and standardization in characterization of emerging organisms and resistance patterns.(3,7,12) These systems have facilitated compaction, shelf life, convenience, time management, visibility of reactions, standardization and quality control under one umbrella.","Identification percentage >85% for both systems were taken as cutoffs for final validation.(6,7) Non-repeat positive cultures with respective antibiograms were taken into account for"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2156195513,"citingcorpusid":54379249,"citedcorpusid":44696517,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Defining the change in pendulum length (∆hiF ) as represented in figure 4(b) results in the following equation: hiF = { hiF0 +∆hiF , if HS hiF0, otherwise where : i = R, L ∆hiF = 2dh sin(θzFoot(t)/2) (8) where dh = 10 cm is the distance from the heel of the extrapolated CoP obtained from the data reported by Hof et al [12], hiF0 = 0.57hbody is the position of the CoM calculated from the person’s height (hbody) [40] and θzFoot(t) is the trajectory of the vertical foot angle during the landing.","The model for BoS presented in this paper is based on the experimental measurements made by Hof et al [12], and the geometrical model has been derived for a single foot support base as described in [42, 43].","where dh = 10 cm is the distance from the heel of the extrapolated CoP obtained from the data reported by Hof et al [12], hiF0 = 0.","Furthermore, the Ay formulation (equation (5)) converges to the XCoM model trajectory when the oscillation frequency approaches the natural frequency [12, 15, 17, 28].","Previous studies have defined multiple BoS shapes in order to describe single and double support postures due to the lack of a generalized model for the locomotion strategies [11, 12, 41].","Further, the shape proposed by McAndrew Young and Dingwell [22] is a less detailed rectangular shape with a qualitative classification of four sub-quadrants, while equation (9) produces a diagonal shape consistent with the majority of the data for the BoS shape [12, 21, 41, 44].","This implies that the proposed formulation provides the placement of the extrapolated CoP within the stability limit identified by the XCoM model [12].","where dh = 10 cm is the AP range of motion of the extrapolated CoP in the foot [12] and (xS, yS) are the coordinates of the SS CoPLs and CoPRs are the coordinates of the two extrapolated CoPs in the SS.","We have identified the extrapolated CoP using the data reported in [12].","This is also used in both ZMP and XCoM to define a stable solution for the step-to-step transition based on the natural frequency of the inverted pendulum [7, 12, 15, 17, 49]."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],null,["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2273288378,"citingcorpusid":146787811,"citedcorpusid":150650468,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, regarding the role of prior familiarity on the level of mindfulness, this study showed contradicting results with previous research by Moscardo (1992), who suggested that familiarity with a site induces less mindful behavior.","Firstly, the on-site mindfulness measures were derived from Frauman and Norman (2004), Moscardo (1992), and Van Winkle and Backman (2009)."],"intents":[["result"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":242752960,"citingcorpusid":16571821,"citedcorpusid":1193061,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Cooperative action of SLX4-SLX1-MUS81 in HJ resolution The MUS81-MMS4 complex has shown to be a HJ resolvase in fission yeast (Boddy et al., 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2325849126,"citingcorpusid":22575147,"citedcorpusid":8090252,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Using this assay, elevated CTC counts have been associated with a decreased progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers [7,40–42]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3333629767,"citingcorpusid":234058774,"citedcorpusid":226342948,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, these expressions are not explicit forms of Rt, and the input of relevant parameters is required, and as such, the value of Rt can be solved iteratively or graphically (Lin et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2018; Tang et al., 2020)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2212250716,"citingcorpusid":211782947,"citedcorpusid":59069769,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Sufficient resource allocation in the long-term phase is important to the speed of recovery, and the causes of delays in post-disaster recovery need to be identified for comprehensive and effective planning and policy making (Berke & Campanella, 2006; Moatty & Vinet, 2016).","2\n1.2 Problem Statement\nThe literature demonstrates that in post-disaster recovery, the focus has been on\nthe immediate response, and the long-term recovery has frequently been neglected (Moatty & Vinet, 2016)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3161993796,"citingcorpusid":78484053,"citedcorpusid":77562230,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2002937481,"citingcorpusid":209388373,"citedcorpusid":59258805,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Chromosomal structural variations in the 30-untranslated region of PD-L1/2 have been detected frequently in CAEBV and ENKL, as well as EBV-positive DLBCL and gastric carcinoma.(8,13) The genetic","Chromosomal structural variations in the 30-untranslated region of PD-L1/2 have been detected frequently in CAEBV and ENKL, as well as EBV-positive DLBCL and gastric carcinoma.8,13 The genetic alterations were associated with higher expression of these immune checkpoint genes and more intense immunostaining of Ki-67.","alterations were associated with higher expression of these immune checkpoint genes and more intense immunostaining of Ki-67.(13)"],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3384670168,"citingcorpusid":12713315,"citedcorpusid":11256356,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Behavior-based tracking of users is “challenging” because many Internet Service Providers assign their customers dynamic, periodically changing IP addresses [25,24]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1942348940,"citingcorpusid":8081359,"citedcorpusid":11256356,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Finally, another study [48] reports dynamic IPs with a volatility of 1 to 7 days, with 30% of the IP addresses changing between 1 to 3 days.","In our analysis, we assume 2-week long IP-sessions to emulate an average home network scenario based on existing studies [7], [11], [14], [48], and given our 2-month long search logs."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2366942089,"citingcorpusid":43499819,"citedcorpusid":35744217,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Patients usually present in their third to fifth decade of life [1–5].","Hypoventilation resulting from obstruction of the maxillary sinus ostiomeatal complex leads to negative pressure within the maxillary sinus and subsequent atelectasis and wall collapse [1,2].","The majority of reported cases in the literature describe this occurrence in adults [1–5]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3987008285,"citingcorpusid":253804784,"citedcorpusid":2356353,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To address the above problems, we propose a network structure that combines 2D Wavelet Transform [8]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1246730724,"citingcorpusid":154602561,"citedcorpusid":167990871,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…group expectations, and through which collective trust becomes a powerful ‘expectational asset’ (Knez & Camerer, 1994), cementing relationships and building confident expectations regarding the future (De Carolis & Saparito, 2006; Kadushin, 1995; Knez & Camerer, 1994; Portes & Sensenbrenner, 1993).","…is created by individual members’ strict obedience to group expectations, and through which collective trust becomes a powerful ‘expectational asset’ (Knez & Camerer, 1994), cementing relationships and building confident expectations regarding the future (De Carolis & Saparito, 2006; Kadushin,…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":926145730,"citingcorpusid":10373493,"citedcorpusid":167990871,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The average contribution of their\n4 Public good experiments generally consider between four to ten subjects per group (see for example Croson 2007), with coordination being more difficult as the number of subjects increases (Engelmann and Norman 2010, Knez and Camerer 1994)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1988447124,"citingcorpusid":18623340,"citedcorpusid":167990871,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Further, Knez and Camerer (1994) provide us with two neat examples of minimum effort games in labor economics.","In their second example, Knez and Camerer (1994) argue that, due to peer effects, it might be the case that in certain situations, agents would like to to keep their effort levels in line with the least productive team member, thus again creating a weakest link structure."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2481437316,"citingcorpusid":122645012,"citedcorpusid":38692451,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["From (4); we can easily deduce that z D p;l; (f g)(z) 0 = (p+l)D p;l; (f g)(z) [p(1 ) + l]D p;l; (f g)(z) ( > 0): (5) We remark that: (i) For g(z) = z(1 z) 1 or bk = 1 (k p+ 1) ; we have D p;l; (f g)(z) = I p ( ; l)f(z); where the operator I m p ( ; l) was introduced and studied by Catas [9] which contains the operators D p (see [4] and [12]) and D m (see [1]); (ii) For bk = ( 1)k p:::( q)k p ( 1)k p:::( s)k p(1)k p ; we haveD p;l; (f g)(z) = I m;l p;q;s; ( 1; 1)f(z); where the operator I p;q;s; ( 1; 1) was introduced and studied by El-Ashwah and Aouf [11] ( 1; 2; :::; q and 1; 2; :::; s are real or complex numbers; j = 2 Z 0 = f0; 1; 2; :::g; j = 1; 2; :::; s; q s+ 1; s; q 2 N0) and"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":4116732872,"citingcorpusid":258895812,"citedcorpusid":148403025,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1126410409,"citingcorpusid":148670103,"citedcorpusid":140813436,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some of the most common relaxation techniques include deep diaphragmatic breathing, visualization, meditation, Benson’s relaxation response, and autogenic training (Anderson, 2009; Hays, 2009; Williams & Harris, 2006).","Some of the most common strategies include: thought stoppage, changing negative thoughts to positive ones, countering, reframing, ABC cognitive restructuring, and affirmation statements (Anderson, 2009; Hays & Brown, 2004; Zinsser et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1692883800,"citingcorpusid":205116906,"citedcorpusid":9378609,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The sMMOenzyme is capable of oxidizing wide range of aliphatics, aromatic and alkanes compounds (Colby et al., 1977)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1014498952,"citingcorpusid":85523834,"citedcorpusid":119933018,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To overcome these difficulties, we introduce a system augmentation approach as initially developed in Shu and Lam (2009) for static output feedback and further adopted to positive filtering in Li et al. (2011) and decentralized control in Schuler et al. (2011).","Similar results for discrete-time systems can be found in Schuler et al. (2010, 2011).","More recently, the concept of sparse controller and filter design was also considered in the control system community (Baran et al., 2010; Schuler et al., 2011; Fardad et al., 2011; Lin et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2213748142,"citingcorpusid":144002822,"citedcorpusid":148765554,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ities, including SLD (Donovan & Cross, 2002; “A New Era ...,” 2002; Reschly et al., 1999; Tilly et al., 1999).","This approach was used in several states to establish problem-solving requirements and alternative child disability identification procedures (Barbour, 2002; Reschly et al., 1999; Tilly, Reschly, & Grimes, 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2213749273,"citingcorpusid":144002822,"citedcorpusid":140285315,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Standard-score difference methods without correction for regression effects enhance the likelihood of making eligible more high-IQ children, whereas regression prediction methods have the opposite effect (Braden, 1987; Cone & Wilson, 1981; Fletcher et al., 1989; Reynolds, 1985; Warner, Dede, Garvan, & Conway, 2002)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2780977640,"citingcorpusid":40213412,"citedcorpusid":37108443,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some authors have proposed nonoperative management for elderly patients, arguing that most of them are asymptomatic and that the time required to develop invasive malignancy may be greater than their life expectancy [ 49 ,50]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3116485380,"citingcorpusid":224881606,"citedcorpusid":204272077,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many of the crop-growing enterprises persisted after the breakup of the Soviet Union in different organizational forms (Griewald 2018), while the sown area across the province decreased by approximately 35% between 1990 and 2015, largely in the northern forest areas and in the south, which had wet soils that were difficult to access and work (Nguyen et al. 2018; Sheludkov 2019).","…in different organizational forms (Griewald 2018), while the sown area across the province decreased by approximately 35% between 1990 and 2015, largely in the northern forest areas and in the south, which had wet soils that were difficult to access and work (Nguyen et al. 2018; Sheludkov 2019)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1042599648,"citingcorpusid":102343780,"citedcorpusid":53469736,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Acknowledging the social policy preferences of the high-skilled, yet vulnerable parts of post-industrial societies is particularly important, since these highskilled outsiders – unlike lower skilled outsiders – are likely to be a politically informed and active group (Häusermann and Schwander, 2012), receptive to political mobilization.","Since higher skilled outsiders are likely to be politically active and engaged (see Häusermann and Schwander 2012), this impacts the politics of welfare states but also the potential of a politicization of insider/outsider divides.","In contrast to low skilled outsiders, higher skilled outsiders are likely to be a politically informed and active group (Häusermann and Schwander, 2012), which is why insider/outsider divides are more likely to become politicized once higher skilled individuals are affected, too.","…of the high-skilled, yet vulnerable parts of post-industrial societies is particularly important, since these highskilled outsiders – unlike lower skilled outsiders – are likely to be a politically informed and active group (Häusermann and Schwander, 2012), receptive to political mobilization."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3882936568,"citingcorpusid":232058600,"citedcorpusid":44094752,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Iterations of the scale have been used successfully in recent studies to diagnose AOS in progressive disease (e.g., Botha et al., 2018; Utianski, Whitwell, et al., 2018)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1092717697,"citingcorpusid":119307852,"citedcorpusid":7551866,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[32] showed that the introduction of viscoelasticity into the fluid can dramatically affect the shape of the waving flagellum.","Fu and Powers investigated theoretically the effects of viscoelasticity on the shape of a beating eukaryotic flagellum [32].","Subsequently the same result was obtained for planar undulating filaments [32] and helical waves [33] in Oldroyd-B fluids."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":406433845,"citingcorpusid":8048336,"citedcorpusid":35334027,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 1996), and quiescent progenitors have been recovered from neurogenically silent regions such as the adult optic nerve and isocortex (Kirschenbaum et al., 1994; Palmer et al., 1999; Kondo and Raff, 2000).","…from both the adult hippocampus and subependymal zone (Reynolds et al., 1992; Craig et al., 1996), and quiescent progenitors have been recovered from neurogenically silent regions such as the adult optic nerve and isocortex (Kirschenbaum et al., 1994; Palmer et al., 1999; Kondo and Raff, 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":406434057,"citingcorpusid":8048336,"citedcorpusid":40654522,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In development in vivo, different subdivisons of the embryonic nervous system are populated by progenitors with regionand class-restricted potentials (Rakic, 1988; Rubenstein et al., 1994; Levitt et al., 1997; Fukuchi-Shimogori and Grove, 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1961020479,"citingcorpusid":150684033,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3395761448,"citingcorpusid":14037825,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This neutrino emission process is extremely efficient but not “exotic” in any way and has to be considered in any cooling neutron star model, even minimal (Page et al. 2004).","Yakovlev & Pethick 2004, Page et al. 2005) together with a large crust conductivity gives very long ( ≫ 10 yr) superburst recurrence times, inconsistent with observations. Recent ly, in ’t Zand et al. (2005) showed that the intermediate duration X-ray burst from 2S 0918-549 is well explained by ac-","This neutrino emission process is extremely efficient but no t “exotic” in any way and has to be considered in any cooling neutron star model, even minimal (Page et al. 2004).","…g cm−2.\nthat the neutron and/or protonTc in the core are of the order of 109 K there is intense neutrino emission from the Cooper pair formation, resulting in an enhanced slow cooling rate which we model by consideringQs ∼ 3× 1021 erg cm−3 s−1 (see, e.g., Figures 20 and 21 in Page et al. 2004).","However, all calculations of proton gaps show thatTc decreases and eventually vanishes at relatively low density (see, e.g., Figure 9 in Page et al. 2004) and hence strong proton superconductivity, to avoid the proton 1S0 Cooper pair neutrinos, probably requires a very low mass star."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2010386347,"citingcorpusid":212782065,"citedcorpusid":167711220,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Studies using this approach have been conducted in a diverse range of areas, including discrepancies between desired and expected service orientation (Chung & Schneider, 2002), language use and preference (Tannenbaum, 2003), and perceived self and brand “personality” (Jie et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":437231559,"citingcorpusid":13269786,"citedcorpusid":40922984,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["possible to produce a test set that is guaranteed to determine the correctness of an implementation under test (IUT ) [14,10,2,12,16].","3 The design for test conditions for a deterministic SXM have been relaxed in [12] and [16] F."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1545070140,"citingcorpusid":135393254,"citedcorpusid":124634527,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, which is a large-scale air-sea coupled phenomenon (Zebiak and Cane 1987), has received much attention due to its associations with disastrous climate change and its societal effects (Rasmusson and Carpenter 1982; Zebiak et  al.","The El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, which is a large-scale air-sea coupled phenomenon (Zebiak and Cane 1987), has received much attention due to its associations with disastrous climate change and its societal effects (Rasmusson and Carpenter 1982; Zebiak et  al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2739752658,"citingcorpusid":5987107,"citedcorpusid":9273572,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1144235566,"citingcorpusid":154048261,"citedcorpusid":142681794,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Others have noted that peer support builds upon the natural helpfulness normally found in friendship groups, and should be run by peers for peers (Topping, 1996; Cowie, Naylor, Talamelii & Smith, 2002; Cowie & Wallace, 2000).","Topping (1996) gives the example of the dangers of using “conforming white female middle-class children” (p. 24) in peer supporter roles.","Topping (1996) notes that “peers can speak to each other in the vernacular, directly, with the credibility of participants in the same culture and without any overtones of social control and authoritarianism” (p. 24).","Topping (1996) tracks the development of peer education as emerging as a topic for study in the mid-1970s, at the point that personal and social education in schools was proving ineffective."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2811670557,"citingcorpusid":22924373,"citedcorpusid":930471,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The diffusion rates in white and gray matter are nearly identical to observations made by other investigators (34,35) and to diffusion rates determined in excised, fixed rat spinal cords (36)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":1718251355,"citingcorpusid":145747618,"citedcorpusid":54772952,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A South Korean twin study showed the GFP had emerged by 2- to 3-years of age (Rushton et al., 2008).","…Questionnaire (Erdle, Irwing, Rushton, & Park, 2010; Figueredo, Vásquez, Brumbach, & Schneider, 2004; Loehlin & Martin, 2011; Musek, 2007; Rushton & Irwing, 2008, 2009a,b,c,d; Rushton et al., 2008, 2009; Schermer & Vernon, 2010; Veselka, Schermer, Petrides, & Vernon, 2009b; Veselka et al., 2009a).","In a study of 575 pairs of 2- to 9-year-old South Korean twins, 53% of the\nvariance was found to be of the non-additive (D) variety (Rushton et al., 2008).","The explanation we favor for the GFP is that, like g, it arose through evolutionary selection for adaptive traits that facilitate performance across a wide range of contexts (Rushton et al., 2008).","The explanation we favor for the evolution of both g and the GFP is that they arose in part through social and sexual selection for socially desirable traits that facilitate performance across a wide range of contexts (Rushton & Irwing, 2011; Rushton et al., 2008).","Another study in Rushton et al. (2008) extracted the GFP from 29 self-ratings in 322 pairs of British twins and found the correlation for MZ pairs (.55) was more than twice that for DZ pairs (.14)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":3587635038,"citingcorpusid":241643841,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["– Вид не отмечен во «Флоре …» П. Ф. Маевского (Maevskiy, 2014), однако в последние два года опубликованы сообщения о находках вида в Нижегородской области (Chkalov et al., 2019) и Республике Мордовия (Pismarkina et al., 2020).","Флористические находки с территории Усманского лесного массива, произведенные до 2006 г. включительно и дополнившие данные по Воронежской и Липецкой областям во «Флоре средней полосы европейской части России» (Maevskiy, 2006), отражены в публикациях В. А. Агафонова с соавторами (Agafonov et al.,…","В статье сообщается о новых находках Carex bohemica и Prunus cerasifera – видов, отмеченных в регионе ранее, но не учтенных во «Флоре…» (Maevskiy, 2014).","Представленные в статье материалы дополняют сведения «Флоры средней полосы европейской части России» (Maevskiy, 2014) по региональным флорам Воронежской и Липецкой областей.","В статье представлены материалы, собранные в 2007–2020 гг. и дополняющие данные по региональным флорам Воронежской и Липецкой областей в последнем издании «Флоры средней полосы европейской части России» (Maevskiy, 2014).","– В европейской части России вид зарегистрирован в Белгородской, Воронежской, Саратовской областях и как заносный в Брянской и Московской (Maevskiy, 2014).","В средней полосе европейской части России вид отмечен в Ивановской, Владимирской, Калужской, Костромской, Московской, Тверской и Ярославской областях, Республике Мордовия (Maevskiy, 2014; Khapugin, 2017).","– В недавнем прошлом популярный в озеленении кустарник, в настоящее время культивируется редко\n(Maevskiy, 2014).","; находки этих видов в Воронежской и Липецкой областях публиковались ранее (Golitsyn, 1961; Kin, Starodubtseva, 2012; Starodubtseva, 2012), но не были учтены во «Флоре…» (Maevskiy, 2014).","– Вид лесных опушек, береговых склонов; отмечен в Брянской, Курской и Тамбовской областях; иногда культивируется и, возможно, дичает (Maevskiy, 2014).","Для средней полосы европейской части России вид отмечен как встречающийся вблизи мест культивирования, но не образующий натурализовавшихся популяций (Maevskiy, 2014).","Некоторые растения, отмечавшиеся ранее для регионов только как культивируемые (Alexandrova et al., 1996; Maevskiy, 2014), в настоящее время стали встречаться в естественных природных сообществах.","– Во «Флоре средней полосы европейской части России» вид указывается для Белгородской, Курской, Московской, Пензенской, Тамбовской, Тульской областей и Республики Мордовия (Maevskiy, 2014).","– Из граничащих с Липецкой областью регионов вид отмечен в Курской, Воронежской, Тамбовской и Рязанской областях (Maevskiy, 2014).","The article reports on new finds of Carex bohemica and Prunus cerasifera, species that were previously noted in the region, but not included in “Flora ...” (Maevskiy, 2014).","The materials presented in the article supplement the information of “Flora of the middle zone of the European part of Russia” (Maevskiy, 2014) for the floras of Voronezh and Lipetsk Regions.","Ареал этого евро-сибирского вида охватывает отдельные районы европейской части России, южную половину Сибири и юг Дальнего Востока; в Средней России C. bohemica отмечен во Владимирской, Курской, Нижегородской, Пензенской, Рязанской, Самарской, Саратовской, Ульяновской, Ярославской областях, в…","– В средней полосе европейской части России вид отмечен в Белгородской, Воронежской, Самарской, Саратовской, Тульской и Ульяновской областях (Maevskiy, 2014)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],["methodology"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":3670937292,"citingcorpusid":246803324,"citedcorpusid":237963402,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[")e quality of teaching and learning is still measured and evaluated by academic achievement and even by schools [15].",", not graduating on time, and the teacher can be alerted to the possible problems of the quality of teaching in advance [15]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1057434499,"citingcorpusid":20467387,"citedcorpusid":72861248,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of exposure to DDTs in biota from the Ethiopian Rift Valley region, which is most 212 likely due to recent use of DDT for malaria control through IRS (Biscoe et al., 2005; Van 213 den Berg, 2009) as well as from past usage and spills from obsolete pesticides 214 (Haylamicheal and Dalvie, 2009).","The possible reasons for the 226 presence of high level of DDTs in the region may be its current use in vector control, illegal 227 usage and contamination from obsolete pesticides (Haylamicheal and Dalvie, 2009; Van den 228 Berg, 2009).","62 Approximately 400 metric tons of active-ingredient DDT per year is used for IRS in many 63 parts of the country including the Rift Valley, a malaria epidemic prone region (Biscoe et al., 64\n4 2005; Van den Berg, 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2336195260,"citingcorpusid":97859540,"citedcorpusid":38442481,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[3] In addition chemotherapy with plant-derived compounds or dietary phytochemicals has emerged as an accessible and promising approach to cancer control and management (Surh, 2003).","Ginger contains active phenolic compounds such as gingerol, paradol and shogaol that have antioxidant [2],anti-cancer [3], anti-inflammatory [4], anti-angiogenesis[5] and anti-artherosclerotic properties [6] (Fig.","The pungent vallinoids of ginger, [6]-gingerol and [6]-paradol, exhibit antiproliferation activity in liver, pancreatic, prostate, gastric, and leukemia cancer cells (Lee et al., 1998; Chen et al., 2007; Shukla and Singh, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1953448933,"citingcorpusid":188444720,"citedcorpusid":9982332,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["An einigen zerebrovaskulären Zentren ist in entsprechend befähigten Händen ein Übergang zu einer deutlich fokussierteren, sehr effizienten und gewebeschonenderen Präparationsweise festzustellen (Spetzler et al. 2013).","“ (Spetzler et al 2013, S. 155)\n> Die Implementierung einer bimanuellen Präparationstechnik ohne fixierte Retraktoren und stattdessen Nutzen einer sogenannten dynamischen Retraktion mit den Dissektionsinstrumenten, intensiver Einsatz des Mundstücks und einer Fußsteuerung zusammen mit einer…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":376872394,"citingcorpusid":18308595,"citedcorpusid":11195888,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The simplicity and efficiency of PSO motivated researchers to apply it to the MOO problems since 2002.","In future, the problem of MOO in uncertain environment [35] will be explored.","Time Variant Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (TV-MOPSO) This section describes the proposed PSO approach to MOO problem.","Note that diversity has earlier been incorporated in PSO using different approaches, namely the hyper-grid approach [6], r-method with clustering [22] and NSGA-II based approach [18].","The article also addressed the constraint handling problem with MOO.","Several computational intelligence based approaches, namely, evolutionary computation, swarm intelligence and artificial immune systems have been used for solving MOO problems.","We intend to do the comparative evaluation of the proposed algorithm with these algorithms for MOO.","In [22] authors have introduced a concept of r, for selecting the best local guides.","There have been several recent attempts to use PSO for MOO [5] [6] [14] [15] [18] [22] [24] [36].","The dynamic neighborhood PSO [15] has been given for two objective MOO problems only.","Since the notion of an optimum solution in MOO is different compared to the SOO, the concept of Pareto dominance is used for the evaluation of the solutions.",", r-MOPSO [22], NSPSO [18] and MOPSO [6] and also other multi-objective evolutionary methods viz.","Some of these techniques can be found in [5,6,14,15,18,22,24,36].","The MOO problem then reduces to finding an ~ x such that ~ f ð~ xÞ is optimized.","There have been several recent attempts to use PSO for MOO [5,6,14,15,18,22,24,36].","The multi-objective optimization (MOO) domain covers many real-life optimization problems.","Since the MOO problems often involve complex search space, the parameter w becomes very vital in multiobjective PSO algorithms.","Often the conflicting nature of the multiple objectives involved in MOO problems make the choice of a single optimum solution difficult.","The simplicity and efficiency of PSO in solving the SOO problems [12] [32], inspired its extension to the MOO problem domain.","In [24] two methods have been proposed to solve MOO using PSO."],"intents":[null,null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":1665814869,"citingcorpusid":206682125,"citedcorpusid":11195888,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the first case, the leader is determined by some procedure, without any randomness involved, such as the Pareto ranking scheme [128], the sigma method [129] or the"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4004075594,"citingcorpusid":254544335,"citedcorpusid":153632983,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Worldwide, people living in and around forests often depend on non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for their livelihoods (Narendran et al. 2001; Marshall and Newton 2003; Paumgarten and Shackleton 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3702984636,"citingcorpusid":247506430,"citedcorpusid":41588689,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Vulnerable youth face structural barriers due to poor human capital endowments, lack of relevant skills, lack of mentorship or protective factors (McClelland et al., 2000), thus are likely to be absorbed into the labour market at an early age (ILO, 2015)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1823970188,"citingcorpusid":212598897,"citedcorpusid":11195888,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Definition 2 (Pareto Optimal Set): The Pareto Optimal Set P* is defined by [16]: P* = {x∈ X | x is pareto-optimal} (2) Many researchers had developed a lot of mathematical programming techniques to solve Multi-Objective Optimization problems, some representatives of this class of techniques are the weighting method, the є-constraint method, and the goal programming; also some authors had adopted the Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), Simulated Annealing (SA), Genetic Algorithms (GA), as well as Swarm Intelligence (SI) techniques to deal with Multi-Objective Problems [6]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1655612572,"citingcorpusid":18258970,"citedcorpusid":5654889,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The “classical” protective alleles B*27:05 and B*57:01 are essentially absent in Japan: a published cohort of 504 treatment-naive HIV+ Japanese featured only one B*27:05+ and no B*57:01 patients [31–37].","HLA-B*52:01 and C*12:02 form a haplotype in Japan [31–36]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":869327655,"citingcorpusid":1121637,"citedcorpusid":5654889,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The P11 CTL line could recognize 293T cells transfected with HLA-A*2402 cDNA plus pp65(1-355) or longer deletion mutants, but not pp65(1-335) or shorter deletion mutants (Figure 2), indicating that the pp65 epitope presented by HLA-A*2402 should fully or partially be contained inside the region spanning between amino acid residues aa336 and aa355.","In the case of HLA-B*4001, the P03 CTL line strongly recognized not only pp65(1-287) or longer deletion mutants but also pp65(1-249), pp65(1-260), and pp65(1-271) to a lesser extent, suggesting the presence of 2 different HLA-B*4001–restricted epitopes.","As for HLA-Cw*1202, it is of note that the transfectants with the full-length plasmid produced a smaller number of spots than those with the shorter deletion mutants, such as pp65(1-482).","To narrow down the region containing the epitope, the linear expression fragments encoding further truncated forms of the deletion mutant, pp65(1-310) for HLA-Cw*1202 or pp65(1-210) for HLA-Cw*0801 and -Cw*1502, were generated and transfected into 293T cells together with restricting HLA cDNA.","The number of spots over that of full-length pp65 or pp65(1-482) (only in Cw*1202) is indicated as follows: greater than 70% (large-sized circles), 20% to 70% (semicircles), less than 20% (small-sized circles)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1523823302,"citingcorpusid":101025487,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["As we move farther from the surface, the effect of the surface potential decreases as = – for an averaged potential function of the type (ns–ms), where εАs and σАs are parameters of the molecule-wall potential ns = 10 or 9 and ms = 4 or 3, respectively [10, 19, 20]; and = = , is the distance between a molecule at site f of layer d and the nearest surface.","According to this theory, several factors affect the cooperative behavior of a system when we consider the vibrational motion of particles in dense phases: (1) the vibration of atoms in a solid or a f luid changes the depth of the potential function of the effective pair potential [24, 27]; (2) atomic displacements in the liquid phase also result in renormalization of the effective pair potential [24, 27]; (3) blocking by neighboring particles limits the area inside the cell that is available for the motion of the center of mass (allowing for the excluded volume) [10, 23].","The traditional LGM interpretation corresponds to the fixed position of an adsorbed molecule inside the cell.","In the cluster approach [10, 18], we did not consider that the neighboring site g near the central site f could have different internal degrees of freedom, depending on the state of the central site’s occupation.","This way is usually used to create a reduced description of the adsorption characteristics of heterogeneous surfaces [10].","The combined atom–atom interaction potential of the adsorbate and the walls is usually used, provided that solid atoms are averaged over their positions [10, 19, 20], yielding a potential of (9–3) type.","Internal motions reflect the local vibrational motions of molecules in a modified quasi-dimer model [10] and displacements of the adsorbate during its translational motion inside cells.","Although each pore wall has its own surface potential (asymmetrical pore walls are possible in principle), the cooperative behavior of the adsorbate in the pore generally depends on their mutual effect as the pore grows wider [10].","This approach is based on the so-called lattice gas model (LGM) [10, 17, 18], in which any types of adsorbent heterogeneities may be considered."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1635959088,"citingcorpusid":201018800,"citedcorpusid":36124271,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Closeview of the hinge loop (residues 166 to 172) in the available G2 structures: WT in complex with Ca2+ (WT+Ca2+, PDB ID 6QW3, this work) or with Cd2+ (WT+Cd2+, PDB ID 1KCQ [12]), D187N in complex with the chaperone nanobody (D187N Nb-stabilized, PDB ID 6H1F [11]), N184K in complex with Ca2+ (N184K+Ca2+, PDB ID 5FAF [10]) and G167R in the domain-swapped dimeric form bound to Ca2+","significant differences with respect to the WT when the simulation-derived B-factors were compared [11,12].","WT G2 crystal structures were solved by molecular replacement with PHASER [34] using the G2 WT structure (PDB ID 1KCQ [12]) as a search model.","The reference structure used so far hosts a crystallographic Cd2+ in the Ca2+ binding site instead of the physiological ion [12].","Owing to the difficulties associated to the study of active GSN, different constructs of the isolated G2 domain have been extensively studied and its high-resolution crystal structure solved in 2002 [12]."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["methodology"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1103331726,"citingcorpusid":56199243,"citedcorpusid":144076095,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This strategy is analyzed utilizing the theoretical framework of the Critical Race Theory (CRT; Parker & Lynn, 2002) in attempts to understand the role race may play in influencing the difficulties faced by new immigrants in successfully integrating into new societies.","Some of the impediments to biculturalism therefore are racial/ethnic, and can be understood from the critical race theory (CRT) perspective, a theory that has largely been used by Parker and Lynn (2002) as well as Huber (2011) in studying issues of race as it impacts different cultures."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2210361133,"citingcorpusid":151768478,"citedcorpusid":153661384,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As Mkono (2012) argued, the study of authenticity should not remain confined to a general Eurocentric perspective but should be more situated and context specific; it should extend to discourse on local cultures."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":598050111,"citingcorpusid":56344746,"citedcorpusid":150750836,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Following El-Shagi (2010)and El-Shagi (forthcoming), we utilize the information given in the text section of the Annual Reports on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as a data source.","El-Shagi (2010), El-Shagi (forthcoming) and El-Shagi (2007) introduce a set of indices that include information on the direction of controls, their intensity, and their institutional quality.\nporting this trade-off, i.e., that capital account liberalization fosters growth but increases the…","For example, capital controls prevent consumption smoothing and contribute to corruption, as El-Shagi (2007) and Edwards (1999) demonstrate.","Finally, we introduce a new set of detailed data on capital controls, building on previous work by El-Shagi (2010) and El-Shagi (forthcoming) and allowing the in-depth analysis of capital controls."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3906096878,"citingcorpusid":252013024,"citedcorpusid":16971325,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["01 [1] 1 [1] 10 [1] 50 [16] NS-BH (Mpc Myr) 6× 10 [18] 0.","Lower end of 95% confidence interval for the pulsar luminosity distribution yielding the lowest rate (Model 14) in Table 1 of [1] Peak rate for the reference pulsar luminosity distribution (Model 6) in Table 1 of [1] Upper end of 95% confidence interval for the pulsar luminosity distribution yielding the highest rate (Model 15) in Table 1 of [1] Mean rates plus 2σ for Type Ib/Ic supernova [16], values from [17] The left edge of the probability distribution peak for NS-BH in Figure 6 of [18] The center of the probability distribution peak for NS-BH in Figure 6 of [18] The right edge of the probability distribution peak for NS-BH in Figure 6 of [18] The left edge of the probability distribution peak for BH-BH in Figure 15 of [14] The center of the probability distribution peak for BH-BH in Figure 15 of [14] The right edge of the probability distribution peak for BH-BH in Figure 15 of [14] Estimate from binary hardening via three-body interactions assuming the inspiraling object is a neutron star (Section 2.","05 [18] 3 [18] 100 [18] BH-BH (MWEG Myr) 0.","03 [18] 2 [18] 60 [18] BH-BH (L 10 Myr ) 0."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":1565390161,"citingcorpusid":119887064,"citedcorpusid":16971325,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Rate estimates for BBH and BHNS are less well constrained, but realistic estimates are 2× 10−6 yr−1L 10 for BHNS [196] and 4 × 10−7 yr−1L 10 for BBH [195].","03 [196] 1 [196] — BH-BH (Mpc Myr) 1× 10 [160] 0.","01 [162] 1 [162] 10 [162] 50 [166] NS-BH (Mpc Myr) 6× 10 [196] 0.","e optimistic, upper end of the plausible rate range for BNS is 5× 10−4 yr−1L 10 [162, 161] and 6× 10−5 yr−1L 10 for BBH and BHNS [196, 195]."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":867866888,"citingcorpusid":52831894,"citedcorpusid":1560907,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The results reported by Chen and Gey study, showed that the algorithm was very beneficial to retrieval performance.","Chen and Gey [30] from California Berkeley team follow the same technique to stem Arabic words with the ability to remove 26 prefixes and 22 suffixes.","Examples of such types of stemmers include, but are not limited to, Al-stem by Darwish and Oard [19], Aljlayl and Frieder stemmer [29], Kadri and Nie linguistic stemmer [12] and Chen and Gey stemmer [30] from California Berkeley team.","Chen and Gey [30] implemented a new approach for Arabic stemming using statistical stemmers that make use of parallel corpora (several monolingual corpora translated in more than one language).","Chen and Gey used an English\nstemmer to stem English words in an English-Arabic parallel corpus."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":867867507,"citingcorpusid":52831894,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Buckwalter [26] developed a stem-based morphological analyzer which is one of the most popular and respected analyzers that were used widely in the TREC experiments.","In the same study, the produced stems using light10 was also compared to the generated stems after words were processed using both Buckwalter and Diab analyzers [26] [32]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3443794779,"citingcorpusid":237395646,"citedcorpusid":217295,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In this paper, we used parameter as follow: Thirdly, the utilization of Bayesian inference [24] was used to construct the models where the update of the parameters using Sparse Bayesian Learning and the Relevance Vector Machine [25].","Information Technology and Computer Science, 2021, 3, 16-32 Thirdly, the utilization of Bayesian inference [24] was used to construct the models where the update of the parameters using Sparse Bayesian Learning and the Relevance Vector Machine [25]."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2777596335,"citingcorpusid":327938,"citedcorpusid":19326412,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several recent studies indicated that Pneumocystis organisms derived from mouse, rat, monkey, and human hosts form genetically distinct groups [2–4,9,10,12,22]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1223657530,"citingcorpusid":198159882,"citedcorpusid":19326412,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Loci studied include the large subunit mitochondrial rRNA (mt LSU rRNA) [2,13,14,15], small subunit mitochondrial rRNA (mt SSU rRNA) [13,15], the nuclear 5S rRNA [8] and 26S rRNA [5], the intron 6 region of b tubulin (b TUB) [5], cytochrome b [16] arom [1], superoxide dismutase (SOD) [3] dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) [2], thymidylate synthase [8,11] and the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (ITS 1 and ITS 2) of the nuclear rRNA operon [9,12]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1864037861,"citingcorpusid":132391954,"citedcorpusid":43717280,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Apart from the alphaviruses, many other viruses from 95 diverse families interact with G3BP and recruit it to sites of viral macromolecule synthesis or 96 processing [4, 21-27] but mechanisms of G3BP function in viral replication have not been described."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2579818600,"citingcorpusid":140171382,"citedcorpusid":129026865,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Th erefore, many studies on representative sampling and optimal load calculation methods have focused on P and suspended sediments (Grant et al., 1996; Johnes, 2007; Walling and Webb, 1981).","Th is agrees with observations by Johnes (2007), who found especially high load calculation errors for fast reacting streams with a low base fl ow index.","All the discussed uncertainties can become very important not only when assessing the water quality status or when evaluating the environmental impact of, in our case, artifi cial drainage but also when applying soil physical, hydrologic, and water quality models (Johnes, 2007).","Regression equations are commonly in a log-linear, log-quadratic, or double logarithmic form (Coats et al., 2002; Johnes, 2007; Kronvang and Bruhn, 1996, Quilbé et al., 2006; Schleppi et al., 2005).","Th us, as determined by Johnes (2007), more eff orts should be made to account for uncertain input data in water quality models."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1979518610,"citingcorpusid":84789787,"citedcorpusid":33106793,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Yet, little is known of the ecology of V. griseus in Egypt, although some ecophysiological data are available related to its hibernation (Khalil & AbdelMesseih, 1959a,b; Abdel-Raheem 1965; Haggag et al. 1966a,b, 1979a,b; AbdelRaheem & El Mosallamy 1979)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2101792854,"citingcorpusid":30550093,"citedcorpusid":8709951,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recent investigations have demonstrated a similarity in the EEG in response to noxious stimuli in conscious and anaesthetised animals (Ong et al  1997 ; Murrell et al  2003 ) to those found in humans (Chen et al  1989 )."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2951142437,"citingcorpusid":222080403,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Kukang memiliki sistem metabolisme basal yang rendah, masa kehamilan yang lama, kelahiran bayi dengan berat yang ringan, masa menyusui yang lama, dan adanya perilaku induk meletakkan bayinya, terutama saat mencari makan [6].","coucang, dan kemudian sebagian besar ahli taksonomi mengelompokkan menjadi jenis terpisah [6].","Ciri morfologi yang memisahkan dengan jenis kukang lainnya adalah pola garpu pada bagian wajah yang jelas dan memiliki bercak rambut warna putih pada bagian leher [6] (Gambar 2)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3925353922,"citingcorpusid":59494238,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["McGilvery, T.A., and HouseKnecht, D. W., 2000, Depositional systems and digenesis of slope and basin facies, Atoka Formaiton, Arkoma Basin, Marine clastics in the southern Midcontinent, 1997 symposium: Oklahoma Geological Survey Circular 103, p. 129-140.","33\nREFERENCE\nCardot, B.J., 2012, Bibliography of the Arkoma Basin and Notheast Oklahoma Shelf, Oklahoma Geological Survey, 24p. Haley, B.R., and others, 1993, Geological Map of Arkansas.","The Oklahoma Geological Survey (Cardot, 2012) compiled an exhaustive list of all publications","The Oklahoma Geological Survey (Cardot, 2012) compiled an exhaustive list of all publications through the end of 2012 discussing the Arkoma Basin."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":991648910,"citingcorpusid":74307878,"citedcorpusid":283849,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Delayed involution following pup removal has been reported in transgenic mice expressing genes associated with precocious lactogenic differentiation, such as Stat5a, MTA-1, and a constitutively active form of pRb (Iavnilovitch et al. 2002; Jiang and Zacksenhaus 2002; Bagheri-Yarmand et al. 2004)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1898271372,"citingcorpusid":23877690,"citedcorpusid":23546466,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Attempts to enhance the suboptimal accuracy of the anal cytology have included the use of immunostaining for p16/Ki67 on the slide and detection of HPV-16/ HPV-18 DNA or HPV-E6/ HPV-E7 mRNA in the residual liquid-based specimen.(105,114,115) Similar to cervical HSIL, anal HSIL in females is related to hrHPVs, especially HPV-16."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3534504757,"citingcorpusid":238709796,"citedcorpusid":61213359,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["More information about sequential approximation optimization can be found in, e.g., Schuëller and Jensen (2008), Jacobs et al. (2004), and Wang and Xiong (2019).","Here, the sequential approximate optimization framework (Jacobs et al. 2004) is incorporated into the proposed approach to iteratively perform the reliability analysis and optimization until convergence to the optimal solution."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":161503839,"citingcorpusid":8288572,"citedcorpusid":1958270,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A complete RBAC model [17] includes the following state variables:","We confine ourselves to Role Based Access Control (RBAC, [17]) systems, though our methods can be generalized to other access control models."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2705785111,"citingcorpusid":19821390,"citedcorpusid":1958270,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["RBAC is a centralized policy by taking a reference monitor (with server function) to control all subjects’ requests for resource, which is concerned more with access to functions and information than strictly with access to information in many applications [18, 7].","With advantages of neutral-policy, self-organization, and ease administration, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) forms to a popular access control policy deployed in a large number of applications for secure resource access [18, 7]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3376362643,"citingcorpusid":235699700,"citedcorpusid":219588940,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The graphene sheet resistance can be given by Rg 1⁄4 1295 Ω.(40) On the other hand, by considering an area of 1 × 1 cm(2) of the device the capacitance value is equal to Ct 1⁄4 11."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":221785485,"citingcorpusid":8466748,"citedcorpusid":1958270,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A formal model for a flat RBAC is constructed by stating its key components and describing the mathematical relationships (invariant) between them.","…of access control within an organization because it attempts to bridge the gap between the high level management view of authorization,\nbased for example on job descriptions, and its low level system implementations, based for example on mechanisms such as access control lists,…","This requires less time in managing access rights, because the ratio of the number roles to the number of subjects in an organization is usually very low (3-4% according to [25]).","A table, known as the capabilities list, maps each principal to the objects which are authorised to access together with the permitted access operations.","Keywords: Role-Based Access Control, Authorization, Formal Models, Z specification.","The most primitive, called Core RBAC, assigns each role with a set of permitted primitive tasks but does not refer to the structure of theses tasks and, in particular, to objects."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3730845345,"citingcorpusid":83306416,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["9: 114 (1849); Boulos (1999), p. 340.","70 (1814); Boulos (1999), p.p. 322–323.","1, 218 (1753); Boulos (1999), p. 96.","44, t. 20 A (1773); Boulos (1999), p. 211.","139 (1775); Boulos (1999), p. 328.","161 (1826); Boulos (1999), p. 78.","1, 1053 (1753); Boulos (1999), p. 102.","1, 771 (1753); Boulos (1999), p. 281.","1: 551 (1753); Boulos (1999), p. 145.","8, no.1 (1768); Boulos (1999), p. 214.","Rumex 58, t. 1 (1819); Boulos (1999), p. 24.","1, 222 (1753), Boulos (1999), p. 119.","1, 219 (1753); Boulos (1999), p. 96.","691 (1800); Boulos (1999), p. 227.","1: 309\n(1785); Boulos (1999), p. 277.","7: 235 (1912); Boulos (1999), p. 319.","2: 382 (1787); Boulos (1999), p. 277.","1, 659 (1753); Boulos (1999), p.186.","2: 765 (1872); Boulos (1999), p. 45.","9: 63 (1849); Boulos (1999), p. 325.","1: 266 (1809); Boulos (1999), p. 30.","1, 445 (1753); Boulos (1999), p. 49.","1: 733 (1867); Boulos (1999), p. 80.","Pl. 97 (1822); Boulos (1999), p. 78.","Amaranthus lividus L., Sp. Pl., 1, 990 (1753); El-Hadidi & Fayed 1994/95, p.31; Boulos (1999), p. 135.","2: 631 (1821) subsp. erucoides; Boulos (1999), p. 210.","1, 779 (1753); Boulos (1999), p. 269.","1, 992 (1753); Boulos (1999), p. 153.","The specimens were identified according to Täckholm (1974) and Boulos (1999, 2000, 2002, 2005).","77 (1813); Boulos (1999), p. 142.","1, 778 (1753) subsp. sativa; Boulos (1999), p. 275.","1 (1753); Boulos (1999), p. 110.","13 (2): 212 (1849); Boulos (1999), p. 126.","206, t. 22, f. 3 (1814); Boulos (1999), p. 127.","1, 441 (1753); Boulos (1999), p. 249.","204 (1814); Boulos (1999), p. 116.","1 (1753):\nBoulos (1999), p. 98.","2: 207, t. 90, f. 2 (1785); Boulos (1999), p. 28.","1, 480 (1753); Boulos (1999), p. 45.","5: 24 (1804); Boulos (1999), p. 87.","12: 129 (1963); Boulos (1999), p. 272.","1: 66, t. 97 (1798); Boulos (1999), p. 13.","Mesembryanthmum nodiflorum L., Sp. Pl., 1, 481 (1753); Boulos (1999), p. 45.","3: 3 (1819); Boulos (1999), p. 108.","P.G. Wilson, Fl. Australia 4: 323 (1984); Boulos (1999), p. 99.","Amaranthus graecizans L., Sp. Pl., ed, 1, 990 (1753); Boulos (1999), p. 133.","593 (1882); Boulos (1999), p. 94.","140 (1775); Boulos (1999), p. 264.","12: 153 (1975); Boulos (1999), p. 24.","1, 669 (1753); Boulos (1999), P. 220.","Alt. 226 (1771); Boulos (1999), p. 31.","1, 984 (1753); Boulos (1999), p. 17.","94\n(1819); Boulos (1999), p. 78.","187 (1867); Boulos (1999), p. 106.","1: 308 (1785);\nBoulos (1999), p. 278."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3730845287,"citingcorpusid":83306416,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Biossier, se’r. 2, 7: 391 (1756); Boulos (2005), p. 218.","Conserve., Boulos (2005), p. 212.","1, 80 (1753); Boulos (2005), p. 160.","Pl. 1029 (1809); Boulos (2005), p. 267.","805 (1882); Boulos (2005), p. 207.","2, 1665 (1763);\nBoulos (2005), p. 168.","2, 1: 52 (1772); Boulos (2005), p. 310.","2: 209 (1833); Boulos (2005), p. 291.","1, 1050 (1753); Boulos (2005), p. 320.","1, 45 (1753); Boulos (2005), p. 382.","3: 14 (1946); Boulos (2005), p. 155.","1: 312 (1800); Boulos (2005), p. 97.","3: 621 (1778); Boulos (2005), p. 137.","19: 118 (1881); Boulos (2005), p. 153.","1: 91 (1829); Boulos (2005), p. 247.","The specimens were identified according to Täckholm (1974) and Boulos (1999, 2000, 2002, 2005).","1: 40 (1860); Boulos (2005), p. 231.","Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf, Fl. Atlant.1: 67 (1798); Boulos (2005), p. 176.","44\n(1787); Boulos (2005), p. 193.","3: 10 (1797); Boulos (2005), p. 327.","2, 118 (1762); Boulos (2005), p. 160.","S. G. Smith, Novon 5: 101 (1995); Boulos (2005), p. 352.","1, 126 (1753); Boulos (2005), p. 16.","Pl. 2: 6 (1756); Boulos (2005), p. 390.","1: 44 (1753); Boulos (2005), p. 380.","860 (1824); Boulos (2005), p. 117.","1: 1188 (1753); Boulos (2005), p. 104.","Alt. 179 (1771) var. laevigatus; Boulos (2005), p. 393.","1, 83 (1753); Boulos (2005), p. 137.","1, 68 (1753); Boulos (2005), p. 146.","Pl., 1: 85 (1805); Boulos (2005), p. 280.","2, 2: 324 (1841); Boulos (2005), p. 223."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3730845448,"citingcorpusid":83306416,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["18: 94 (1876); Boulos (2000), p. 31.","Tamarix tetragyna Ehrenb., Linnaea 2: 258 (1827); Boulos (2000), p. 127.","Tamaric, 54 (1852); Boulos (2000), p. 127.","641 (1882); Boulos (2000), p. 127.","68 (1767), Boulos (2000), p. 23.","11, t. 6 (1762); Boulos (2000), p. 23.","4 (2): 65 (1848); Boulos (2000), p. 115.","1, 223 (1753); Boulos (2000), p. 263.","1, 256 (1753); Boulos (2000), p. 157.","The specimens were identified according to Täckholm (1974) and Boulos (1999, 2000, 2002, 2005).","1, 1007 (1753); Boulos (2000), p. 44.","93 (1775); Boulos (2000), p. 59.","1, 212 (1753); subsp. acutum, Boulos (2000), p. 222.","Club 18: 138 (1932); Boulos (2000), p. 245.","& Trab., Fl. Algerie 1: 126 (1888); Boulos (2000), p. 7.","1: 16 (1799); Boulos (2000), p. 245.","1, 148 (1753); Boulos (2000), p. 190.","2, 926 (1763); Boulos (2000), p. 94.","1, 387 (1753); Boulos (2000), p. 28.","1: 992 (1753); Boulos (2000), p. 152.","1, 386 (1753); Boulos (2000), p. 14.","1, 153 (1753); Boulos (2000), p. 249."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":856562525,"citingcorpusid":3338917,"citedcorpusid":10919837,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":679121627,"citingcorpusid":38289114,"citedcorpusid":96832217,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1838658557,"citingcorpusid":213136298,"citedcorpusid":60522662,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It is important to note, however, that some of these findings (especially the quantitative results and those regarding clause position of like) may result from the fact that the reference corpus (LCIE) may be considered dated: its data was collected between 2002-2004.","The recorded material, in turn, was transcribed using a transcription convention adapted from that employed in the transcription of the LCIE","The emphasis of LCIE is, therefore, on casual conversations between friends and/or family members\n8/16Letrônica | Porto Alegre, v. 12, n. 3, out.","By retrieving a top 15 frequency list (Table 2 below) from both corpora, the LCIE and the L2 corpus, it is possible to see that like features as a highly frequent word in both the L1- and L2-spoken discourse analysed.","Although the LCIE is comprised of five different speech genres, the majority, 82% of the data is made of intimate and socialising contexts of communication, while only 18% of the data refers to professional, transactional and pedagogic contexts.","With that in mind, if vocalised pauses (er - not found in the LCIE due to transcription differences), extra-linguistic information (chuckle, laugh, giggle), topic-specific words (Cuba, Brazil, Havana), and Portuguese words (que, são) are excluded from the keyword list, then only potentially pragmatic markers remain as keywords in the top 15 list – including like.","Acknowledging this, the LCIE is currently being updated and forms the basis for a replication of this comparison with more current data.","-dez 2019: e34002\n(i.e. speakers chatting or discussing a topic, speakers engaging in a task while interacting in a conversation, interview informal chats, etc.) (Farr et al., 2004).","The reference corpus with which the L2 corpus is contrasted is the LCIE as it represents the variant of English to which the participants have been exposed, thus being the most appropriate to this study.","In the context of this study, next steps include the replication of this investigation with a larger cohort of participants, in addition to using the updated version of the LCIE as a reference corpus; furthermore, this work will consider the extent to which the participants’ L1 may influence the adaptation of PMs into their L2-English.","Table 2: Frequency list\nLCIE L2 Corpus\n1 the I\n2 I the\n3 you like\n4 and to\n5 to and","Indeed, when conducting a corpus search for keywords in the L2 corpus compared to the LCIE, like still ranks an intriguing third position, as seen in Table 3, below:\nTable 3: Keyword List – L2 Corpus\n01 er\n02 mmhm\n03 like\n04 okay\n05 chuckle\n06 Cuba\n07 laugh\n08 Brazil\n09 giggle\n10 que\n11 because\n12 so\n13 cool\n14 são\n15 Havana\n10/16Letrônica | Porto Alegre, v. 12, n. 3, out.","The steps involved in conducting the contrastive L2 analysis are: 1) the generation of frequency lists, where the top 15 words are highlighted in both corpora; 2) the generation of a keyword list of the L2 corpus contrasted against the LCIE, and 3) the generation of concordance lines in order to analyse both the distribution and the functions of the PM like in the L2 corpus.","Consider the illustrative examples taken from the LCIE:\n3/16Letrônica | Porto Alegre, v. 12, n. 3, out.","…spoken corpus of Irish English, which comprises a “collection of naturally-occurring spoken data from everyday Irish contexts” and “includes conversations recorded across a wide variety of predominantly informal settings throughout Ireland (excluding Northern Ireland)” (Farr et al., 2004, p. 5-6).","The LCIE is a one-million-word spoken corpus of Irish English, which comprises a “collection of naturally-occurring spoken data from everyday Irish contexts” and “includes conversations recorded across a wide variety of predominantly informal settings throughout Ireland (excluding Northern Ireland)” (Farr et al., 2004, p. 5-6).","…of this study are based on a sample corpus of spoken L2 (unscripted natural conversations) and draws\non the Limerick Corpus of Irish English (LCIE) (Farr et al., 2004), a representative corpus of spoken Irish English (IrE), in order to compare and contrast the frequency, distribution and functions…","However, it is striking that like takes a much higher position in the L2 corpus (3rd) by comparison to the LCIE (14th).","The results and reflections of this study are based on a sample corpus of spoken L2 (unscripted natural conversations) and draws\non the Limerick Corpus of Irish English (LCIE) (Farr et al., 2004), a representative corpus of spoken Irish English (IrE), in order to compare and contrast the frequency, distribution and functions of like in the participants’ L2 against those of the IrE data.","-dez 2019: e34002\nConsidering that the LCIE is a much larger corpus, the frequency of like underwent a process of normalisation so that it was possible to set an average frequency of like per million words across both corpora."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3543982097,"citingcorpusid":239012123,"citedcorpusid":209376714,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Instead, DL-based methods can extract rich features through massive data and thus achieve better de-raining performance [9, 28]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3543982122,"citingcorpusid":239012123,"citedcorpusid":220935530,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["DCSFN [20] fuses the output of multi-scale sub-net via gate recurrent unit.","The second factor is the cross-scale similarities between two-scale images [6, 14, 19, 20]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1038671260,"citingcorpusid":104341499,"citedcorpusid":18383640,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3825172254,"citingcorpusid":243015742,"citedcorpusid":58154125,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In Nigeria, like in other tropical countries, fever serves as a useful marker for recognition of infectious in under- ve children including malaria [6, 7].","Additionally, home self medication is a common response of mothers to fever like in other high malaria endemic countries [6, 13, 11].","Fever is a primary complaint for a third of all paediatric consultations in general practice [6, 8], and an entry point for parents or mothers to seek medical attention for U5 children including malaria diagnosis and case management [7, 9, 10]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":603672090,"citingcorpusid":56530725,"citedcorpusid":195962734,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", vertical communication, horizontal communication, diagonal communication and quasi or semi vertical communication as forms of communication within an organization (Oluga, 2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2221194881,"citingcorpusid":151394127,"citedcorpusid":142132425,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Thus Loubna had to be repatriated to the country of origin (de Ley, 2004; Kadrouch-Outmany, 2014; Kanmaz & Zemni, 2005; Seuntjens, 2012).","A minority of Muslims is buried in Belgium including children, political refugees and Belgian converts (Kadrouch-Outmany, 2014, 2016; Kanmaz & Zemni, 2005).","According to Fadil (2012) and Kanmaz and Zemni (2005), the Belgian Constitution of 1831 emphasises equality, religious freedom and neutrality.","Burial in Belgium involves high costs and a large majority of Muslims is already insured to be repatriated (Jonker, 2004; Kadrouch-Outmany, 2014; Kanmaz & Zemni, 2005; Seuntjens, 2012).","Despite the existing legal apparatus, Kanmaz and Zemni (2005) argue that Muslim communities feel dependent on the goodwill of the local authorities.","First, dealing with grief becomes more difficult for the bereaved due to the distance between the deceased and the bereaved (de Ley, 2004; Kanmaz & Zemni, 2005; Seuntjens, 2012).","According to Kanmaz and Zemni (2005), the use of shrouds for example has been permitted upon an ecological basis.","In this respect, Kanmaz and Zemni (2005) argue that the request for a separate burial ground is not a question of apartheid but a question of religious sensitivity and equality.","Third, high costs are involved, though to a lesser extent when compared with the cost of concessions in Belgium, certainly when the deceased is not insured (Kanmaz & Zemni, 2005; Seuntjens, 2012).","With regard to the latter, Kadrouch-Outmany (2014, 2016) and Kanmaz and Zemni (2005) argue that Belgian policy and policy-makers have not given sufficient attention to enhancing the integration of Muslims as full Belgian citizens as they assumed their settlement would still be temporary.","The Belgian Government seeks to maintain the neutrality principle by which every person is treated equally without making distinctions between people upon the basis of religious or ideological affiliation (de Ley, 2004; Kanmaz & Zemni, 2005).","A few municipalities and politicians resisted vehemently against this provision emphasising its contradiction to the principle of neutrality of cemeteries, while referring to ghettoising and desecularisation of cemeteries (de Ley, 2004; Kadrouch-Outmany, 2014, 2016;\nKanmaz & Zemni, 2005).","For the latter decision, ecological and not religious reasons were given (Kanmaz & Zemni, 2005).","Therefore, allowing Islamic burials and plots is considered a regrettable backward step as far as the secular neutrality of public institutions is concerned (Kanmaz & Zemni, 2005).","More specifically, issues related to Islamic burial facilities were addressed including the question of separate cemeteries with graves facing towards Mecca, burial without coffin and graves in perpetuity (Christians et al., 2011; Kadrouch-Outmany, 2014, 2016; Kanmaz & Zemni, 2005; Renaerts, 1997).","If not, Muslims are expelled or obliged to send their deceased loved ones to the country of origin or country that they have barely known, and thus are deprived of the possibility to visit regularly the graves of their deceased loved ones (de Ley, 2004; Kanmaz & Zemni, 2005).","…the disappearance of the young Loubna Benaïssa, or rather the subsequent discovery of her remains in 1997 which brought the issue of Islamic burial under attention and led to several legal proposals in this regard (de Ley, 2004; Kadrouch-Outmany, 2014, 2016; Kanmaz & Zemni, 2005; Seuntjens, 2012).","Furthermore, Kanmaz and Zemni (2005) argued that this lack of knowledge might be explained by a lack of involvement and active efforts of the Muslim community itself, as well as of the Muslim Executive of Belgium, the official Muslim interlocutor with the Belgian Federal government."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3222128373,"citingcorpusid":230609201,"citedcorpusid":219917765,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Indeed, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known for their importance in improving plant growth, through the increase of photosynthetic rate, nutrient and water uptake, as well as soil physicochemical and biological properties (Ait-El-Mokhtar et al. 2019b, 2020a; Boutasknit et al. 2020b).","…hO\nL 1,\nC A lf al fa\ntr ea te d w it h co m po st ,C\n+ A M\nA lf al fa\ntr ea te d w it h C an d A M ,C\n+ R hO\nL 1 A lf al fa\ntr ea te d w it h C an d R hO\nL 1,\nC + A M + R hO\nL 1 A lf al fa\ntr ea te d w it h C ,A\nM an d R hO\nL 1\nK\nticularly P uptake (Evelin et al. 2019; Ait-El-Mokhtar et al. 2020a)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3782436702,"citingcorpusid":23787530,"citedcorpusid":11852611,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…tests (Ford, Newman, and Deosaransingh 2000), bypass surgery (Kressin and Petersen 2001; Petersen et al. 2002), coronary angioplasty, and bypass surgery after cardiac catheterization (Peterson et al. 1997; Ford, Newman, and Deosaransingh 2000; Kressin and Petersen 2001; Ibrahim et al. 2003).","2002), coronary angioplasty, and bypass surgery after cardiac catheterization (Peterson et al. 1997; Ford, Newman, and Deosaransingh 2000; Kressin and Petersen 2001; Ibrahim et al. 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1080869742,"citingcorpusid":117813843,"citedcorpusid":58901265,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However, Gontier et al. [3] showed that data after ∼1990 are considerably better for astrometry than the older data in the ICRF analysis, and Feissel-Vernier [1] showed that some of the 212 ICRF defining sources are less than ideal when considering the currently available VLBI data.","These data will allow the extension of the Feissel-Vernier [1] time series analysis and improvement of the positions of the ICRF defining sources.","The CRF monitoring program was started by the IVS in the spring of 2004 to remedy serious gaps in the astrometric observing profile, primarily the paucity of data for most of the stable sources identified in Feissel-Vernier [1] and subsequent analysis (Feissel-Vernier, personal communication).","[3] showed that data after ∼1990 are considerably better for astrometry than the older data in the ICRF analysis, and Feissel-Vernier [1] showed that some of the 212 ICRF defining sources are less than ideal when considering the currently available VLBI data.","Celestial Reference Frame Monitoring Program The CRF monitoring program was started by the IVS in the spring of 2004 to remedy serious gaps in the astrometric observing profile, primarily the paucity of data for most of the stable sources identified in Feissel-Vernier [1] and subsequent analysis (Feissel-Vernier, personal communication)."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],null,["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2193251797,"citingcorpusid":143558562,"citedcorpusid":51939035,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In an article authored by Glenn, Raine, and Laufer (2011) published in Emotion Review, the authors endorsed changing existing law on culpability based on studies implicating brain areas associating psychopathy with deficits in moral behavior, culminating in failure to appreciate consequences ascribed by the law.","In a 2011 issue of Emotion Review, Glenn et al. (2011) proposed using psychopathy to avoid criminal responsibility.","In an article authored by Glenn, Raine, and Laufer (2011) published in Emotion Review, the authors endorsed changing existing law on culpability based on studies implicating brain areas associating psychopathy with deficits in moral behavior, culminating in failure to appreciate consequences…"],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3917653517,"citingcorpusid":251856060,"citedcorpusid":234839530,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some of them reflect our experiences while working on problems mentioned in [25], [26], and [37] and others were shared by colleagues working on similar problems."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1051899983,"citingcorpusid":272294,"citedcorpusid":109306740,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Over the last decade computational modelling regarding insect flight has been done using potential flow models for the fruit fly (Ramamurti and Sandberg 2001; Walker 2002b), a moth (Smith 1996) and other forms of flapping flight (DeLaurier 1993; Kamakoti et al. 2000; Liu 2002; Vest and Katz 1996; Zbikowski 2002).","In thin aerofoils such as insect wings rotational circulation Gr depends on wing chord and the normalised position of the rotational axis x̂0, which is the distance between the axes and the leading\nwing edge divided by total wing chord (DeLaurier 1993; Fung 1993).","…computational modelling regarding insect flight has been done using potential flow models for the fruit fly (Ramamurti and Sandberg 2001; Walker 2002b), a moth (Smith 1996) and other forms of flapping flight (DeLaurier 1993; Kamakoti et al. 2000; Liu 2002; Vest and Katz 1996; Zbikowski 2002).","x̂0, which is the distance between the axes and the leading wing edge divided by total wing chord (DeLaurier 1993; Fung 1993)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3678138164,"citingcorpusid":247085806,"citedcorpusid":1153202,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Burns are common in developing countries (4, 5)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2121559324,"citingcorpusid":147284926,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["of ‘temp’ employed by an agency who provided counselling in rural and urban Yorkshire. Keen to get experience, I served as ‘relief counsellor’, taking a caseload of patients for time-limited contracts. I have also worked in two surgeries locally; there I have more flexibility, offering patients up to twenty sessions. Currently, I am one of two counsellors employed for 17 hours a week in a city practice. Working in different doctors’ surgeries has taught me that there is no easily defined description of the job. It is affected by things as various as the size of the Practice, the location of the surgery, the attitude of the primary care team and the availability of a room. As a psychodynamic counsellor, trained originally in open-ended work, I have had to adapt to the exigencies of time-limitedwork. I have, however, found the psychodynamic model invaluable in helping to think about the relationships in Primary Care and the needs of patients. Without some understanding of these dynamics, it can be difficult for counsellors to function well in a setting in which, as Holmes (2000) points out, the medical model is dominant and a coal-face mentality of busyness and overwork functions to keep anxiety at bay.","Patients referred in Primary Care are often people who express emotional distress by physical illness. Mander (2000b: 133), writing about working with such patients, refers to McDougall’s (1989) understanding of the physical symptom as ‘communication, resistance and an attempt to escape unbearable mental pain’.","In fact, patients often have an idealised transference to the surgery and its inhabitants. Too often they look for a containment that is missing. Surgeries can be insecure and unsafe places – places where misery is ignored and mental distress is medicalised, leaving patients, at worst, traumatised, at best, unhelped. (For a thoughtful discussion of the dangers and difficulties inherent in working with disturbed patients in Primary Care see Perris (2003).) People referred by GPs are rarely straightforward.","When Holmes (2000: 131) suggests that ‘perhaps the therapeutic relationship in general practice can be thought of as an extended psychotherapy session broken up into smaller chunks’, he was referring to the doctor – patient relationship. However, if in a GP’s surgery people expect to return for different illnesses at different phases of the life cycle, there is no reason why they should not wish to use the service offered by the counsellor in the same way (Curran 1999). As counselling becomes more usual in Primary Care, this may be increasingly how patients will use it. Mander (2000a: 134) notes that contact with a GP counsellor is often experienced as a first time rather than as a one-off. In a recent article (2002), she suggests that, because of the cradle to grave model (which until recently has been","faced with a dilemma. Richards (1999) rightly highlights the importance of careful assessment before taking on, for time-limited work, those who could be damaged by the process."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2517079108,"citingcorpusid":154117483,"citedcorpusid":154059906,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Bray and Waring (2006) argued that the introduction of the Workplace Relations Act in 1996 weakened the protections for workers by promoting statutory individual agreements, restricting the scope of awards and placing constraints on union activity."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1781418831,"citingcorpusid":152470307,"citedcorpusid":48451139,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The removal of state safety nets in some cases also left the most vulnerable and destitute with no form of assistance (Cornia et al. 1987) (Box 2.","The removal of state safety nets in some cases also left the most vulnerable and destitute with no form of assistance (Cornia et al. 1987) (Box 2.3)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":922234378,"citingcorpusid":11056757,"citedcorpusid":3516213,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["An early compensatory response is also indicated by a slight increase in motor learning on the rotarod in HdhQ111 mice, reminiscent of a transient increase in motor performance or activity previously observed in other HD rodent models [49,59].","Both decreased [59,60] and increased [19,52,61] anxiety have previously been reported in various rodent HD models tested in a number of different paradigms.","Our data indicate that decreased anxiety may be a very early response to a single mutant HTT allele, which, as previously hypothesized [59], may reflect the stimulation of repair mechanisms such as the release of anxiolytic neurotrophic factors or a hypercompensatory response."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":805650599,"citingcorpusid":804181,"citedcorpusid":3516213,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In this model, the striatum is one of the primary structures affected, with the first motor symptoms appearing around 6 months of age and striatal neurodegeneration detectable from 8 months onward (von Horsten et al., 2003; Nguyen et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2540106113,"citingcorpusid":22155895,"citedcorpusid":10319573,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["which may translate into urine metabolite [5, 6] or protein content alterations [2, 3, 7].","exosomes [2], sediments [16]), it appears that no two laboratories studying the soluble protein complement in urine use exactly the same sample preparation protocol."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4091210700,"citingcorpusid":257929376,"citedcorpusid":231928861,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Based on this, intravital chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics technology, as a simple, fast, non-destructive and in vivo fluorescence detection technology, has become an important tool for studying the photosynthetic process and rapidly analyzing the photosynthetic state of living plants [17-20], because it can rapidly and conveniently obtain the fluorescence information such as chlorophyll fluorescence rise kinetic (OJIP) curve and various photosynthetic fluorescence parameters to characterize the photosynthetic state of plants."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1152843152,"citingcorpusid":155213699,"citedcorpusid":141547697,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Les hypothèses sur le processus de recherche interviennent aussi : le résultat de la recherche est-il a priori certain ? La durée requise est-elle connue a priori ? Y a-t-il réévaluation des e orts de recherche au cours du processus ou la recherche est-elle aléatoire, sans mémoire ? Y-a-t-il transmission d'information entre les participants à la course ? Les conclusions des di érents modèles sont très sensibles aux hypothèses retenues, il n'y a pas de résultat général, applicable à toutes les con gurations de marchés et de dynamiques technologiques (Halmenschlager, 1992)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2118362384,"citingcorpusid":154756277,"citedcorpusid":54981202,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The growing interest in the role of venture capitalists (VCs) and private equity firms and the stock market has tended to focus on IPOs of VC-backed firms (Brav and Gompers, 1997; Lerner, 1994; Espenlaub et al., 2000). The presence of venture capital and private equity investors has an important influence on the going public process, particularly if these financiers are more experienced and reputable. Supportive evidence from IPOs of venture-backed firms is provided by Megginson and Weiss (1991) and Gompers (1996) and for IPOs of private equity-backed LBOs by Jelic et al.","The growing interest in the role of venture capitalists (VCs) and private equity firms and the stock market has tended to focus on IPOs of VC-backed firms (Brav and Gompers, 1997; Lerner, 1994; Espenlaub et al., 2000). The presence of venture capital and private equity investors has an important influence on the going public process, particularly if these financiers are more experienced and reputable. Supportive evidence from IPOs of venture-backed firms is provided by Megginson and Weiss (1991) and Gompers (1996) and for IPOs of private equity-backed LBOs by Jelic et al. (2005). Going private also usually involves the participation of private equity providers, some of which may have strong reputations as specialists in buy-out transactions (Kaplan, 1991; Baker and Smith, 1998)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3844665074,"citingcorpusid":31889826,"citedcorpusid":54981202,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These prestigious affiliates include toptier underwriters (Carter & Manaster, 1990; Gulati & Higgins, 2003; Pollock, 2004; Stuart et al., 1999), well-established auditors (Beatty, 1989), leading venture capitalists ( Brav & Gompers, 1997;  Gompers & Learner, 2004; Lee & Wahal, 2004; Sanders & Boivie, 2004), prominent alliance partners (Higgins & Gulati, 2003; Stuart, et al., 1999), and well-credentialed upper ...","…Manaster, 1990; Gulati & Higgins, 2003; Pollock, 2004; Stuart et al., 1999), well-established auditors (Beatty, 1989), leading venture capitalists (Brav & Gompers, 1997; Gompers & Learner, 2004; Lee & Wahal, 2004; Sanders & Boivie, 2004), prominent alliance partners (Higgins & Gulati, 2003;…"],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":2088887606,"citingcorpusid":154880762,"citedcorpusid":54981202,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…involved in new ventures not only by providing funds, but also by taking active roles in decision making, contributing their network of relationships, hiring personnel, etc. (Brav & Gompers, 1997)—and providing this support early on should positively impact the entrepreneurial venture’s prospects.","In turn, this signal has been found to reduce information asymmetry with the venture’s stakeholders, facilitating the attainment of its corporate objectives (Brav & Gompers, 1997; Carter & Manaster, 1990; Stuart et al., 1999).","…to offering these direct benefits, the backing of venture capitalist firms can also send a powerful signal regarding the quality of a new venture (Brav & Gompers, 1997; Carter & Manaster, 1990; Stuart, Hoang, & Hybels, 1999)—since VCs invest in only about 1% of the proposals they receive…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2089901231,"citingcorpusid":166748199,"citedcorpusid":54981202,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Brav and Gompers (1997) investigate the long-run performance of VC-backed and non-VC-backed IPOs brought to market during the 1972-1992 timeframe to shed light on the primary source of IPO underperformance documented in several studies including Ritter (1991) and Loughran and Ritter (1995). While they find VC-backed companies do not underperform, they also show that the documented IPO underperformance is not an IPO affect per se–the primary culprits are small, low book to market firms that do not receive VC backing.","Brav and Gompers (1997) investigate the long-run performance of VC-backed and non-VC-backed IPOs brought to market during the 1972-1992 timeframe to shed light on the primary source of IPO underperformance documented in several studies including Ritter (1991) and Loughran and Ritter (1995)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3743449806,"citingcorpusid":248950085,"citedcorpusid":201908322,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":804546369,"citingcorpusid":2374495,"citedcorpusid":16473796,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, ATP is episodically released from both NPCs and astrocytes (not depicted) within this niche (Lacar et al., 2012; Suyama et al., 2012), making this a relevant system for ATP-dependent Panx1 internalization (Khodosevich et al., 2012; Suyama et al., 2012).","Furthermore, ATP is episodically released from both NPCs and astrocytes (not depicted) within this niche (Lacar et al., 2012; Suyama et al., 2012), making this a relevant system for ATP-dependent Panx1 internalization (Khodosevich et al.","The proliferation of these cells is coupled to local increases in blood flow (Lacar et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":804544338,"citingcorpusid":2374495,"citedcorpusid":24210207,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["P2XRs (P2X1R-P2X7R) are cation-permeable channels (Ca2+, Na, K) formed from trimers of individual subunits that consist of intracellular N- and C-termini, two transmembrane domains, and a large, highly conserved extracellular domain that contributes to the intersubunit ATP-binding pocket (Ennion et al., 2000; Jiang et al., 2000; Wilkinson et al., 2006; Yan et al., 2006; Fischer et al., 2007; Zemkova et al., 2007; Roberts et al., 2008; Evans, 2009; Kawate et al., 2009; Browne et al., 2010; Hattori and Gouaux, 2012; Chataigneau et al., 2013).","…domain that contributes to the intersubunit ATP-binding pocket (Ennion et al., 2000; Jiang et al., 2000; Wilkinson et al., 2006; Yan et al., 2006; Fischer et al., 2007; Zemkova et al., 2007; Roberts et al., 2008; Evans, 2009; Kawate et al., 2009; Browne et al., 2010; Hattori and Gouaux, 2012;…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3204944007,"citingcorpusid":225058696,"citedcorpusid":220469414,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…pathology (Swithbourne & Touyz, Swinbourne & Touyz, 2007) and compulsive exercise (Meyer, Taranis, Goodwin, & Haycraft, 2011), COVID-19 may exacerbate risk for ED pathology and compulsive exercise (Cooper et al., 2020; Fernández-Aranda et al., 2020; Rodgers et al., 2020; Touyz, Lacey, & Hay, 2020).","…severe ED pathology are also consistent with recent work evidencing COVID-19 increases in ED behaviors (e.g., Branley-Bell & Talbot, 2020; Phillipou et al., 2020) and publications predicting increases in ED risk associated with COVID-19 anxiety (e.g., Cooper et al., 2020; Rodgers et al., 2020)."],"intents":[null,["result"]]}
{"citationid":3725359419,"citingcorpusid":247781731,"citedcorpusid":220469414,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In the COVID-19 pandemic, experts suggest increased vulnerability to weight stigma in the healthcare sector and the media [3, 4, 6].","Furthermore, the \"quarantine-15\" hashtag, which alluded to the fear of gaining weight in the context of social isolation, helped identify the dissemination of stereotyped images of people with high body weight on social media [3, 6].","The studies characterized weight stigma on social media as the spread of anti-fat memes and images [3, 15, 31, 40] and messages [6, 37, 42, 44] that mocked people with overweight [27, 30] through jokes about weight gain, sedentary behaviour or overeating during the pandemic [6, 39, 52].","One opinion piece [4] and two reviews [6, 30] included authors from different countries.","Ten studies reported the increase in weight stigma during the pandemic in the media [3, 6, 23, 27, 30, 31, 39], in healthcare [4], on public campaigns [22], expressed as a general vulnerability for people with elevated body weight [42] or related to perceived weight discrimination [39].","Experts consider that weight bias in the healthcare settings may be associated with worse outcomes of COVID19 [4, 5], especially in racial or ethnic minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups affected by other forms of discrimination [5], and that exposure to fatphobic content in the media could pose a greater risk for worsening eating disorders symptomatology (ED) in times of pandemic [6].","The stigmatizing content on social media during the pandemic was mentioned in seven opinion texts [3, 4, 27, 31, 37, 42, 52], four narrative reviews [6, 15, 30, 35], two qualitative content analysis studies [40, 44] and one quantitative paper [39].","As for the characteristics of the studies, the majority corresponded to text and opinion documents (n = 15) [2–5, 25–27, 29, 31, 33, 36, 37, 41, 42, 50, 52] and narrative reviews (n = 6) [6, 15, 28, 30, 35, 46].","Eight documents mentioned posts on social media referring to \"Quarantine 15\" [3, 6, 15, 27, 40, 42, 44, 52] characterized by weight-stigmatizing content due to fear or risk of weight gain during the period of COVID-19 social distancing."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3997864112,"citingcorpusid":254331855,"citedcorpusid":220469414,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", restraint) represents the core of the connections between psychopathology constructs, with a dysfunctional coping role present during the pandemic in ED patients, as suggested by previous authors [38,45].","However, the reasons for these exacerbations are still unknown, even if authors have proposed the effects of traumatic events—such as isolation, physical illness, changes in routines, and lack of socialization—as explanations [38,44].","This is in line with our previous findings [29] and with the pandemic literature that has found a significant increase in posttraumatic symptomatology in patients with EDs [38]."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":3499457878,"citingcorpusid":237654807,"citedcorpusid":151215601,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1 Many researchers have focused on the conflicts that residents face after a disaster and consider ways to prevent and reduce conflicts caused by disasters [5,6]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1075884594,"citingcorpusid":127757281,"citedcorpusid":6342409,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This could be particularly important in pathological pain situations, given that glycine spillover could activate excitatory NMDA receptors as mentioned above (Ahmadi et al., 2003) and could cause excessive excitation of postsynaptic neurons.","In fact, strong presynaptic activity is sufficient to result in a glycinergic release large enough to cause spillover activation of NMDA receptors located outside of glycinergic synapses, and so potentiate excitatory neurotransmission (Supplisson & Bergman, 1997; Berger et al., 1998; Bergeron et al., 1998; Ahmadi et al., 2003; Aubrey et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3180924727,"citingcorpusid":38354828,"citedcorpusid":116975370,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Calculations [10] using a model [11] based on the Balitskii, Fadin, Kurayev, and Lipatov (BFKL) formalism [12] of resummation of a color-singlet gluon ladder exchange predict a “basically flat” [13]h distribution for the CSE fraction."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2610542773,"citingcorpusid":167493056,"citedcorpusid":128112632,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Such gridlock is untenable because the demand versus supply equation is becoming even more imbalanced, and because the ecological crisis has continued to worsen despite recent efforts at restoration (Lund et al. 2007; Wright 2001).","Today, the water system on which the state relies is fragile and overwhelmingly complex, both in terms of its engineering and its governance structure (Lund et al. 2007).","The Bay-Delta is the largest estuary on the entire Pacific coast of the Americas and was once the most productive fishery (Lund et al. 2007; Reisner 2003, 1993).","The decades of increasing diversions of water from the Bay-Delta for human use significantly weakened the ecological health of the estuary, dramatically reducing fish populations, shrinking tidal marsh habitat, and decreasing the quality of the water provided for human use (Lund et al. 2007; Carle 2004).","And at certain moments of the Bay-Delta policy saga tensions among the interests become particularly heightened, such as when the water users raise the issue of new dams and canals, or when the pumps in the South Delta have to be shut down because of concerns over a tiny, threatened fish species found only in the Delta, the Delta smelt (Lund et al. 2007; Ingram and Fraser 2006).","Today, people who know the extent of demands placed on the Bay-Delta system agree it is an over-tapped water source, especially if preserving its ecological integrity is now also a concern (Lund et al. 2007; Reisner 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2859110216,"citingcorpusid":221162721,"citedcorpusid":206163397,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Low-level calcium either inhibits human HF growth in vitro [36] or causes transient alopecia with histological anomalies, including HF dystrophy and increased follicular cell apoptosis in mice [37].","These agree with the specific localization of some calcium-binding proteins, such as S100A3 [38], in terminally differentiated progenies of HMCs and downregulated abundances of K1, Lor, and Ivl in hairless skins of mice fed a low calcium diet compared to the normal skins of mice fed a regular diet [37]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3730278744,"citingcorpusid":248408718,"citedcorpusid":7659502,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["First, C. elegans uses bacteria as their natural diet, and alteration of the bacterial genomes has been shown to affect the development and behavior of C. elegans (Watson et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3897830349,"citingcorpusid":251912163,"citedcorpusid":226319998,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Displaced from the Gaza Strip in 1967 to Jordan, these refugees are known as ex-Gazans and were never offered Jordanian citizenship (Pérez 2011, 2020)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2068082883,"citingcorpusid":28021236,"citedcorpusid":24975994,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Importantly, macaque CE8J developed plasma-neutralizing activity with comparable breadth and potency as HIV-1 “elite neutralizers” (2), which, to our knowledge, represents the most broad and potent NAb response observed to date in the SHIV/ macaque model.","Scores were designated based on an algorithm incorporating breadth and potency (2)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1674070322,"citingcorpusid":14356441,"citedcorpusid":2155038,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The first one is the out-of-core algorithm [1] which is intended to manage and make the best use of the memory structure to optimize the Input/Output communication.","In modern computer system architecture [1] , there are usually three levels in a memory hierarchy because of reasons of economy, and each level has its own cost and performance characteristics."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1845672151,"citingcorpusid":214604820,"citedcorpusid":206590483,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the image decomposition step, a dictionary is learned from the training exemplars extracted from the HF part of the image itself can be divided into two sub-dictionaries by performing HOG [10] feature-based dictionary atom clustering."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3798321052,"citingcorpusid":249812549,"citedcorpusid":142842547,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The literature reveals a variety of terms used to define belonging such as school connectedness, sense of community, bonding, attachment, and a feeling of being respected, included, supported, accepted, and valued by others (Allen & Bowles, 2012; Allen & Boyle, 2016; Goodenow & Grady, 1993; Gowing & Jackson, 2016; Osterman, 2000; Slaten et al., 2016; Strayhorn, 2019).","…as school\nconnectedness, sense of community, bonding, attachment, and a feeling of being respected, included, supported, accepted, and valued by others (Allen & Bowles, 2012; Allen & Boyle, 2016; Goodenow & Grady, 1993; Gowing & Jackson, 2016; Osterman, 2000; Slaten et al., 2016; Strayhorn, 2019)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2570466673,"citingcorpusid":37186010,"citedcorpusid":22733184,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This finding is in accordance with previously published works [6,14–18].","Huang [18] also found significant decreases in the levels of cystatins in saliva from patients with bleeding oral cavities as analyzed by 2-DE electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.","Decreased levels of this protein were found in saliva from bleeding oral cavities [18], but no further studies have correlated this alteration in saliva with periodontal disease.","19 [18].","[18] Huang CM."],"intents":[["result"],["methodology"],["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":3403629115,"citingcorpusid":236654017,"citedcorpusid":32909074,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":262965939,"citingcorpusid":8203198,"citedcorpusid":19716919,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The slowest exchanging residues in SN correspond to those exposed only during global unfolding [30]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3648348926,"citingcorpusid":246050254,"citedcorpusid":42823750,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This is a highly valuable tool considering both the high rate of undiagnosed DSDs (>50","These approaches provide an alternative means for diagnosing unsolved cases of CAIS as well as other DSDs, where traditional sequencing techniques fail to detect a genetic cause.","Using our bioinformatics pipeline to identify the genetic causes of these DSDs, we have demonstrated that WES data may be used not only for the detection of SNVs or INDELs but also for identification of pathogenic CNVs.",", 2016) and the fact that CNVs are a common cause of DSDs (Ledig et al., 2010; Tannour-Louet et al., 2010; White et al., 2011).","%) after panel and exome sequencing (Eggers et al., 2016) and the fact that CNVs are a common cause of DSDs (Ledig et al., 2010; Tannour-Louet et al., 2010; White et al., 2011).","Whole exome sequencing is increasingly being used as a clinical diagnostic test, and our study demonstrates that WES data can be used not only for the detection of SNVs and small INDELs, but also for the detection of pathogenic CNVs, making it a viable genetic investigation for DSDs in a clinical setting."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3986346816,"citingcorpusid":253781364,"citedcorpusid":9113437,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For the dissimilarity between samples in the middle sections of the two cores, OTUs of Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, JS1 of Atribacteria, no rank Aerophobetes and Acidobacteria were the important contributors.","2016) and Aerophobetes (Dodsworth et al.","The “indicative OTUs” of Atribacteria and Aerophobetes were distributed in “E middle” and “Deep”, while facultative anaerobes or strictly aerobes of Alteromonadales and Oceanospirillales (Bouchotroch et al.","In contrast, OTUs from classes Dehalococcoidia of Chloroflexi, JS1 of Atribacteria, no rank Aerophobetes and Aminicenantia of Acidobacteria\ncontributed to the dissimilarity between the \"Deep\" group and other groups.","Aerophobetes with saccharolytic fermentative metabolic-related genes (Wang et al.","2016) and Aerophobetes (Dodsworth et al. 2013) at 9–10 cmbsl of core E while 32–33 cmbsl of core W (Fig.","In our study, the abundances of probable fermenters, such as Chloroflexi, Atribacteria, Aerophobetes, Aminicenantia and Bathyarchaeota, increased with depth (Fig.","%) and Aerophobetes (4–10"],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":798072911,"citingcorpusid":17700196,"citedcorpusid":9113437,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The enzymes are: (1) phosphoglucomutase; (2) PTS system cellobiose-specific IIA component protein; (3) glucose-6phosphate isomerase; (4) 6-phosphofructokinase/Pyrophosphate—fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase protein; (5) fructose 16-bisphosphate aldolase; (6) fructose 16-bisphosphate aldolase-phosphatase protein; (7) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; (8) tungsten-containing aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (GAPOR)/ Aldehyde oxidoreductase protein; (9) phosphoglycerate kinase protein; (10) 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase/2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase; (11) enolase; (12) pyruvate kinase protein; (13) ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase protein; (14*) Formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase is missing; (15) bifunctional protein FolD; (16) putative thymidylate synthase protein/5-methyltetrahydrofolatehomocysteine methyltransferase; (17*) methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; (18) acetyl-CoA synthase (+ Ni, Fe), carbon monoxide dehydrogenase; corrinoid protein (19) Acetyl-CoA decarbonylase-synthase complex/ Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase; (20) formate dehydrogenase; (21*) tungsten-containing hydrogen dependent formate dehydrogenase); (22) formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase; (23) formylmethanofurantetrahydromethanopterin formyltransferase; (24) methenyltetrahydromethanopterin cyclohydrolase; (25) coenzyme F420-dependent N-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase; (26) methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase; (27) 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase; (28) coenzyme F420 hydrogenase; (29) tetrahydromethanopterin S-methyltransferase; (30) CoB—CoM heterodisulfide reductase; (31) coenzyme F420reducing hydrogenase; (32) thiosulfate sulfurtransferase GlpE protein; (33) sulfate adenylyltransferase protein; (34) adenylylsulfate kinase protein/ Probable adenylyl-sulfate kinase protein; (35) sulfoxide reductase catalytic subunit YedY protein; (36) sulfite oxidase protein/ phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate reductase protein; (37) ferredoxinnitrite reductase protein/ sulfite reductase ferredoxin 2 protein; (38) periplasmic nitrate reductase protein; (39) NADH-quinone oxidoreductase."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":575088222,"citingcorpusid":4588874,"citedcorpusid":34821411,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["activation of ERK1/2 leads to increased ZO-1 degradation during traumatic brain injury [51], decreased ZO-1 and Claudin-5 expression in brain endothelium during HIV infection [52, 53], and reduced Occludin and Claudin-5 expression in BBB endothelium during ischemic stroke [54]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":396523402,"citingcorpusid":1921570,"citedcorpusid":28703065,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Previous efforts to characterize the 3D structure of the multiple stem-loop HIV-1 Psi domain have employed a variety of techniques including mass spectrometry (MS) [45], Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) [46], and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) [47] to generate lower-resolution structural models of the RNA.","The FRET study used a larger „240 nucleotide RNA including the U5, PBS, and Psi domains and similar to the SAXS study, supported a model in which the helices are solvent-exposed without any long-range interhelical interactions [46]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2906528522,"citingcorpusid":212970579,"citedcorpusid":6531073,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2368147575,"citingcorpusid":5656631,"citedcorpusid":22897443,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3234746679,"citingcorpusid":231631567,"citedcorpusid":42003723,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As suggested by Cuddy et al. (2008) those\nmay increase the possibility of bias in the answers of travelers.","In a service encounter, it has been found that\nwarmth judgments are developed involuntarily in the minds of customers, and they significantly influence the customers’ subsequent behavior and attitudes (Cuddy, Fiske, and Glick, 2008; Cuddy, Glick, and Beninger, 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1156286593,"citingcorpusid":78457627,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…a displasia fi brosa monostótica é uma lesão autolimitante, não encapsulada, que ocorre com maior freqüência na primeira ou segunda década de vida (Alves et al., 2002), sem predileção por sexo ou raça, predominando na região posterior da maxila (FARZANEH e PARDIS, 2005; NEVILLE et al., 2004;…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3081983726,"citingcorpusid":128877503,"citedcorpusid":95609146,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":853426777,"citingcorpusid":14660971,"citedcorpusid":153344780,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Knowledge sharing is impeded by different disciplinary histories, epistemologies, framing differences, and scales of application (Redman 1999; Benda et al. 2002; Bammer 2008; Boulton et al. 2005; Campbell 2005; Newell et al. 2005; Dewulf et al. 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1662260728,"citingcorpusid":18603051,"citedcorpusid":207629589,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3801175568,"citingcorpusid":46702437,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The beginnings of this systematization of the diagnostic process in general practice have been explicitly dealt with in a study by the Records Unit Working Party of the Royal College of General Practitioners (1963), by Crombie (1963) and Hodgkin (1966)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1716361627,"citingcorpusid":73534155,"citedcorpusid":140586404,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…parts of surface runoff generation in many parts of the world, such as the Mediterranean (Merheb et al.,\n2016; Manus et al., 2008) and semi-arid environments (Lesschen et al., 2009; García-Ruiz et al., 2013), due to steep slopes, low35\n2\ninfiltration rates and frequent intense precipitation events.",", 2008) and semi-arid 20 environments (Lesschen et al., 2009; García-Ruiz et al., 2013), due to steep slopes, low infiltration rates and frequent intense precipitation events."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":582626701,"citingcorpusid":56110432,"citedcorpusid":140586404,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Fires may lead to acceleration in climate change (Stocks et al., 1998), air pollution (Ferrare et al., 1990), increase in carbon emission into the atmosphere (Zhang et al., 2003) and losses in products and services made possible by forests (Anderson et al., 1976; Garcia-Ruiz et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2477166179,"citingcorpusid":23426128,"citedcorpusid":24889422,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[72], they also hypothesized that the benthic source of dissolved phosphorus would be short term (i.","[72] observed a total phosphorus release that was mostly constrained to the first 48 h after soil flooding.","[72] but within the range reported herein.","[72] observed a total phosphorus release of 1 to 9 g phosphorus/m(2) from restored-wetland soils, mostly during the first 48 h of soil-core incubation."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2398746790,"citingcorpusid":53164407,"citedcorpusid":498837,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some specialized arboreal species of snakes, such as gliding snakes (Socha, 2011) and brown tree snakes, Boiga irregularis (Byrnes & Jayne, 2012; Jayne & Riley, 2007) occasionally cross gaps by lunging rapidly."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2398745494,"citingcorpusid":53164407,"citedcorpusid":29494470,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Limbed animals such as treefrogs (Emerson, 1991), lizards (Gillis, Bonvini, & Irschick, 2009; McGuire, 2003), squirrels (Essner, 2002) and primates (Demes, Jungers, Gross, & Fleagle, 1995) also commonly cross\ngaps by leaping and occasionally gliding."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1119813468,"citingcorpusid":4143888,"citedcorpusid":54649688,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["At the receiver side, the signal is coupled out of the recirculation loop and received with a polarization diversity coherent optical receiver [64, 80] comprising a polarization beam splitter, a local laser, two optical 90ı hybrids, and four balanced photoreceivers.","The second wave of research on coherent communications is highlighted by the remarkable theoretical and experimental demonstrations from various groups around the world [56, 63, 64]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1133468402,"citingcorpusid":152879863,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["122 The New English Teacher 9.1\nIn terms of the management and supervision of primary schools we can say that the Directorate of Primary Education (DPE) and its subordinate offices in the district and upazila are solely responsible for management and supervision of primary education (Sedere, 2000).","They are given in the following table: In terms of the management and supervision of primary schools we can say the Directorate of Primary Education (DPE) and its subordinate offices in the district and upazila are solely responsible for management and supervision of primary education (Sedere, 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1718809210,"citingcorpusid":168213404,"citedcorpusid":16341403,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["โดยท่ี vrl (0, 1) แทนแฟกเตอร์ค่าส่วนลดซึ ง่ใช้อตัรา ดอกเบี้ยที่ปราศจากความเสี่ยงที่เกิดในช่วงเวลา [0, 1] และ vco (0, 1) แทนแฟกเตอร์ค่าส่วนลดท่ีเก่ียวข้องกับ ก� าไรจากทนุท่ีบรษิทัประกันภยัได้รบัจากสนิทรพัย์ในช่วง เวลา [0, 1] ภายใต้ข้อสมมตุท่ีิว่าได้มกีารประเมนิราคาสินทรพัย์ และหนี้สินโดยวิธีการประเมินท่ีมีความเส่ียงเป็นกลาง (Risk-Neutral Valuation) และสมมุติอีกด้วยว่ามีเมเชอร์ มาร์ทิงเกล  Kochanski [6] ได้นิยาม SCR ดังนี้"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1530133660,"citingcorpusid":198441721,"citedcorpusid":130319242,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…human activities, such as increased CO2 emissions, anthropogenic aerosols, land use and urbanization, play an important role in semi-arid climate change over China (e.g., Dai, 2013; Guan et al., 2015; Lin et al., 2015; Fu et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2017a; Xu and Yang, 2017; Zhang et al., 2017).","However, reconciling different measures of terrestrial aridity to address various environmental issues in semi-arid climate change is an important issue that should be addressed in future research (Fu et al., 2016).","Negative LUCC may dry the local climate, leading to degradation, especially in semi-arid regions (Fu and Wei, 1993; Fu et al., 2016)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1230295306,"citingcorpusid":155552926,"citedcorpusid":154606545,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A decade later, when the deterioration of natural and cultural resources arose from tourism development started to be evident, benefits-related studies evolved to include negative impacts (Belisle & Hoy, 1980; Pizam, 1978)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":983716446,"citingcorpusid":58675957,"citedcorpusid":348459,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Among them, the research carried out by Kaminski on mutant reduction using logic-based testing [5] and also Chihiro & Shingo’s [6] work on mutant reduction for conditional expressions within if-else and while statements, was a major inspiration for our work in hardware mutation testing.","For example, let’s say the original expression in a particular if-else statement is ”z<0” and the corresponding mutations possible for this statement are listed in Table I [6]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2828847032,"citingcorpusid":115122332,"citedcorpusid":114111099,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[" The  architecture  includes  interfaces  among  the  units  and   interfaces  with  the  surroundings”  (Harlou  2006)  \nCommon  to  all  three  definitions  is  the  focus  on  interfaces  between  the  various  elements,  i.e.  components,   chunks,  units."," \nAnother  observed  trend,  which  calls  for  rigor  concerning  interfaces  is  the  transformation  in  industry  from   developing   stand-‐alone   products   to   developing   families   of   products   based   on   a   platform   (Harlou   2006;   Simpson  et  al."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":2683956051,"citingcorpusid":171060009,"citedcorpusid":155849034,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…no se estipulan principios básicos en el consenso se puede llegar a 64 En este punto hay una cantidad de aspectos que le brinda un política deliberativa desarrollada por Habermas (1992) al proceso de razonamiento público que expone Sen como necesario a la hora de formular una lista de capacidades."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4043485740,"citingcorpusid":254964945,"citedcorpusid":16969150,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In comparison to AMPARs, NMDARs also exhibit slow kinetics due to slow glutamate unbinding [10,11] and facilitate a diverse range of interactions, owing to several extracellular modulatory sites and long carboxyl-terminal domains (CTDs) that extend intracellularly."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2577487097,"citingcorpusid":154589159,"citedcorpusid":154373971,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Hanemann (1991)  suggested that the disparity in measures is related to substitutability between goods and hence, in the context of valuing public goods, the disparity between willingness to pay and accept depends on the availability of private good substitutes."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1780186331,"citingcorpusid":210925938,"citedcorpusid":93050969,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In general, with increasing SRT in MBR, the production of utilization-associated products decreases, whereas, in contrast, the production of biomass-associated products (BAP) increases, with the dominant fractions of BAP in the effluent being humic acid components [44]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":367542226,"citingcorpusid":4035286,"citedcorpusid":18943387,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Besides, fairly similar awareness of lung cancer risk factors was observed among both British and Colombian adolescents [25]; while higher levels of awareness have been found in German high school students, 92% of the German scholars identified smoking as a risk factor for lung cancer [26]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1784487378,"citingcorpusid":210715090,"citedcorpusid":115058280,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Mathematical modeling methods [27] were used to analyze the parameters of an alternative gas turbine installation with steam conversion of associated gas (Fig."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2193111436,"citingcorpusid":220265542,"citedcorpusid":13683231,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Degenerate environments were considered by Bella, the author, and Otto [13] and timedependent environments by Bella, Chiarini, and the author [12].","These methods are motivated by the analogous results in [13, 31] from the elliptic setting.","The proof of excess decay is most closely related to the methods of [31] in the uniformly elliptic setting, and shares aspects of the work [13] in the degenerate elliptic setting."],"intents":[null,["result"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3729792108,"citingcorpusid":248399798,"citedcorpusid":24169824,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Fourth, the most common preventable complication of IE is embolic stroke, and surgical cardiac vegetation removal can effectively prevent embolic occurrences (2, 24, 25)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2379093107,"citingcorpusid":130310478,"citedcorpusid":55268799,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["453 (FAO: Rome) 454 Fissore C, Giardina CP, Kolka RK (2013) Reduced substrate supply limits the temperature response of 455 soil organic carbon decomposition.","452 FAO Unesco (2006) “World reference base for soil resources.”","97 98 99\nMaterials and methods 100 101 Rationale of the experimental design 102 103 For this study we selected an acid dark red ferralsol and a calcic vertisol (FAO Unesco 2006), with 104 very different SOM content and SOM stability."],"intents":[null,["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":242797757,"citingcorpusid":8734563,"citedcorpusid":718813,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These conflicting results might be due to methodological differences or limited statistical power, as suggested by a recent review (Rouw et al., 2011), or indeedover liberal criteria (Hupe et al., 2011).","…some studies observed V4 activation induced by achromatic letters in the brains of synaesthetes (e.g., Hubbard et al., 2005; Nunn et al., 2002; Sperling et al., 2006) whereas other studies found no activation in V4 or only in areas related to colour knowledge (Hupe et al., 2011; Rich et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3306308050,"citingcorpusid":231755069,"citedcorpusid":718813,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Cross-activation theory (4, 5) predicts that color perception and synesthetic color activation occur at the same time in the visual hierarchy, so neural representations evoked by perception should cross-generalize to synesthesia at the same time.","Bottom-up theories of synesthesia, such as the cross-activation theory (4, 5), propose that synesthetic colors occur due to additional neuronal connections in early visual areas, resulting in color representations being automatically coactivated when perceiving synesthesia-inducing stimuli."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1128670222,"citingcorpusid":27774117,"citedcorpusid":43581040,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 1997) or components of extracellular signaling pathways (Gong et al., 1999; Vajo et al., 2000) affect later events of cell differentiation and proliferation, sometimes producing widespread defects in bone growth and maturation.","…et al., 1997; Jabs et al., 1993; Lee et al., 1997; Mundlos et al., 1997) or components of extracellular signaling pathways (Gong et al., 1999; Vajo et al., 2000) affect later events of cell differentiation and proliferation, sometimes producing widespread defects in bone growth and…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3519945191,"citingcorpusid":203943443,"citedcorpusid":85148260,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Hence, for industrial and commercial production, optimization of growth medium is one of the critical steps to reduce the quantity of unutilized constituents for a cost-effective yield (Lakshmi et al. 2009).","These results compared well with previous reports of xylanase production that were optimized using Taguchi method where 277%, 161.5%, 41.9 and 10.24% higher enzyme yields were obtained (Lakshmi et al. 2009; Rani et al. 2014; Mandal et al. 2015).","Production of xylanase differs in diverse strains and this can be regulated by the nutritional, physiological, and biochemical nature of microbes that are employed (Lakshmi et al. 2009).","Therefore, ANOVA was employed in evaluating results of the orthogonal array experiment and to study the level of consequence of the fermentation parameters on the deviation of the responses (Lakshmi et al. 2009).","They are utilized in extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and plant oils and, also used to enhance the nutritional quality of silage, coffee, green feed and starch (Lakshmi et al. 2009).","Hence, use of cost-effective xylan-rich substrates is highly recommended (Lakshmi et al. 2009).","…of xylanase production through Taguchi method\nEnhancement of production of metabolites by microbes is influenced by the nutritional, physiological, and biochemical nature of the microbe utilized, and these influential factors vary from microorganism to microorganism (Lakshmi et al. 2009).","Similar variation of enzyme activity was reported by Lakshmi et al (2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3410526466,"citingcorpusid":236966307,"citedcorpusid":23411053,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is a multifactorial polymicrobial infectious disease, and most commonly observed bacteria associated with bovine DD belong to multiple species of the genus Treponema that are considered central in the etiology of DD [20]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":434920299,"citingcorpusid":39341457,"citedcorpusid":249340155,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A detergent that has been used with great success in Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca+2ATPase solubilization is C12E8 (10, 12-15, 30-32)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2930773020,"citingcorpusid":29554143,"citedcorpusid":206921005,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":583778259,"citingcorpusid":56155878,"citedcorpusid":11862151,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Previous studies have found that E. coli isolates belong to four major phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, and D) and seven subgroups (A0, A1, B1, B22, B23, D1, and D2) (6, 7).","PCR assay for Phylotyping\nThe phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, and D) and subgroups (A0, A1, B1, B2–2, B2–3, D1, and D2) of each isolate were determined by multiplex PCR amplification as described by Clermont et al. (2000).","coli isolates belong to four major phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, and D) and seven subgroups (A0, A1, B1, B22, B23, D1, and D2) (6, 7)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1847352456,"citingcorpusid":110539786,"citedcorpusid":154513679,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Various studies were undertaken to analyze energy and exergy utilization in transportation sector for several countries, such as, Turkey (Utlu and Hepbasli 2006; Ediger and Camdali 2007), Saudi Arabia (Dincer, Hussain, and Al-Zaharnah 2004), Malaysia (Saidur et al. 2007), Jordan (Jaber, Al-Ghandoor, and Sawalha 2008), and so on.","Various studies were undertaken to analyze energy and exergy utilization in transportation sector for several countries, such as, Turkey (Utlu and Hepbasli 2006; Ediger and Camdali 2007), Saudi Arabia (Dincer, Hussain, and Al-Zaharnah 2004), Malaysia (Saidur et al. 2007), Jordan (Jaber,…"],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":864661623,"citingcorpusid":12216736,"citedcorpusid":145564817,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["self-concepts were subjectively smaller and used fewer self-aspects when describing themselves ( Lewandowski et al., 2006 ).","that impacts individuals’ self-concepts (e.g.,  Lewandowski et al., 2006;  Monroe et al., 1999;","individuals’ self-concepts ( Lewandowski et al., 2006 ) in naturalistic writing samples."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3920576852,"citingcorpusid":252138589,"citedcorpusid":206512237,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, the metabolites in untargeted metabolomics can also be identified with unique 2D structures based on authentic standard compounds [57,58]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1116234503,"citingcorpusid":141602138,"citedcorpusid":25660489,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Other approaches (such as Kim et al. (2008)) propose to annotate songs as time series. The way music pieces are annotated is usually manual with human listeners. It can be achieved directly by asking the annotators or indirectly by playing an annotation game (Kim et al. (2008); Mandel & Ellis (2007)), looking at the lyrics (Meyers (2004)), collecting tags from social networks (Bischoff et al.","Kedem (1986) and Saunders (1996) defined it as a measure of the weighted average of the spectral energy distribution.","Other approaches (such as Kim et al. (2008)) propose to annotate songs as time series."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":500864461,"citingcorpusid":38376222,"citedcorpusid":25660489,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In Figure 4 we present an example of this method for the features (a) Zero Crossing Rate and (b) MFCC of the first coefficient.","Specifically, the features extracted were the Zero Crossing Rate, Spectral Centroid, Spectral Spread and 13 coefficients of MFCC, thus creating a feature set of 16 features in total.","For each of these audio frames we extracted the following audio features: Zero Crossing Rate, Spectral Centroid, MFCC (13 coefficients).","More precisely, the features Zero Crossing Rate, Spectral Centroid and Spectral Spread did not follow a normal distribution for any of the two classes.","The feature Zero Crossing Rate (Benjamin 1986) is a measure on how many times does the waveform crosses the value of zero within a frame:"],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3673972346,"citingcorpusid":246946937,"citedcorpusid":55689871,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
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{"citationid":1052392549,"citingcorpusid":111437676,"citedcorpusid":110845842,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["6 Combined Laser and Microwave Energy Deposition for Flow Control Recent interest has focused on the use of combined laser and microwave discharge to generate plasmoids with repeatable specified geometric shapes to customize their interaction with the shock system of an aerodynamic body, and to reduce the power required for microwave discharge [5, 41, 19, 20].","Over the past several decades energy deposition has been recognized as a modern and robust method for a variety of flow control applications including maneuvering and drag reduction [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].","[5] have performed an extensive study on flow control applications of microwave radiation in combination with laser discharge as an effective way of creating high-power plasmas in specified geometric shapes."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1052393134,"citingcorpusid":111437676,"citedcorpusid":124787025,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[34, 38, 39] performed an extensive study on introduction of rarefied filaments on- and off-axis upstream of blunt and pointed bodies in planar and cylindrical configurations with perfect gas assumption.","5 Microwave Energy Deposition for Flow Control Experimental and computational studies have also examined the effect of a microwave discharge on the flowfield of a simplified aerodynamic shape [33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40].","noticed significant drag reduction after formation of a vortex which resulted in the stagnation point movement off the front face [57, 39]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3333833506,"citingcorpusid":234071216,"citedcorpusid":62838167,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These unequal power relations between citizens and non-state actors are exacerbated by the ‘politics of scale’ (Kurtz, 2003)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1099642656,"citingcorpusid":136482181,"citedcorpusid":98525675,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["electron-electron scattering and hole-hole scattering) is a second order scattering, and does not affect and will not alter the total momentum and energy of the carriers, but redistributes the momentum [55]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":842055202,"citingcorpusid":2536080,"citedcorpusid":23744276,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, heteromodal responses within the left STS are not language-specific; the human STS also responds to nonverbal auditory and visual stimuli (Beauchamp et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1226990912,"citingcorpusid":88812975,"citedcorpusid":14223925,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Ham-1 and Ham-2 primers correspond to bases 15402–15419 and 15910–15931 of the complete H. amphibius mtDNA (GenBank ID G5836030; Ursing and Arnason 1998), and the predicted product, including primers, is 529 bp.","amphibius mtDNA (GenBank ID G5836030; Ursing and Arnason 1998), and the predicted product, including primers, is 529 bp."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3145310761,"citingcorpusid":226196971,"citedcorpusid":16231503,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["re are no rigorous asymptotic results for Mβ(T). Ramachandra [30] and Heath-Brown [24] have established the lower bound Mβ(T) ≫ (log T 2π) β2 for positive, rational β, and Soundararajan and Radziwiłł [32] extended the result to all β ≥ 1. Upper bounds of the correct size are known, conditional on the Riemann hypothesis, due to arguments of Soundararajan [31] and Harper [21]. There is now a relatively "],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3149871850,"citingcorpusid":220923170,"citedcorpusid":59274088,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[34] Female medical students of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, also showed higher burnout rates in EE and DP.[32]\nBurnout has been studied in Indian medical colleges using various scales.","Emotional exhaustion (EE)\nLow 163 (83.16) Moderate 30 (15.30) High 3 (1.54)\nDepersonalization (DP) Low 31 (15.82) Moderate 71 (36.22) High 94 (47.96) Personal accomplishment (PA) Low 165 (84.18) Moderate 26 (13.27) High 5 (2.55) Two-dimensional burnout (high scores on EE and DP) No 163 (83.16) Yes 33 (16.84) Three-dimensional burnout (high scores on EE and DP and low scores on PA)\nNo 166 (84.69) Yes 30 (15.31)\nMBI – Maslach Burnout Inventory; EE – Emotional exhaustion; DP – Depersonalization; PA – Personal accomplishment\nIndian Journal of Psychiatry Volume 62, Issue 4, July-August 2020410\nRSA subscale scores showed a statistically significant negative correlation with EE and DP. PA scores showed a positive correlation with RSA subscale scores.","[30] The prevalence of low PA in our population is almost double the rates reported by Cecil et al. in their sample of medical students of Manchester and even higher than 64.9% prevalence reported in Saudi Arabia.","Our burnout prevalence is similar to Brazilian, British, Pakistan, Romanian, and Saudi Arabian medical students.[31-35] Burnout rates reported in Brazilian medical students varied from 10.","4% in medical students of Riyadh.[32] Burnout rates reported from Chinese and US medical schools were 50%, which is much higher than our population.","[34] Female medical students of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, also showed higher burnout rates in EE and DP.[32]","As per the cutoff scores for burnout,[26] 17% of the participants met the criteria for burnout in two dimensions of EE and DP.","[33,36] Of 18.2% of the medical students in Karachi reporting burnout, 20.7% of the students reported high burnout rates in EE, 19.8% low in PA, and 17.8% high in DP.[34] The burnout prevalence was 13.4% in medical students of Riyadh.","9% prevalence reported in Saudi Arabia.[32,39]"],"intents":[null,null,null,["result"],["background"],["background"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1886620538,"citingcorpusid":215768621,"citedcorpusid":20823451,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["in the case of symmetric events [1] [7] and, for quantitative estimation of the inelasticity, we have used the definition [4] K = Eeff/ √ s , (25) (0 ≤ K ≤ 1).","As example, comparing p + p(p) with ee collisions the √ s dependence of the inelasticity in p + p(p) collisions was calculated in [1] for three different assumptions on the parameters involved in the analysis and the results were compared with the theoretical study from [7].","The results are summarized in Table II and the average inelasticity, thus obtained, do not agree with those from [7, 32].","In p+p(p) collisions at √ s the effective energy for particle production, Eeff , is the energy left behind by two leading protons and, using four-vector, it may be written [7]","However, we recall that the impact parameter dependence of the inelasticity was not analysed in the framework of the both mentioned works, [7, 32]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["result"],["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2713976191,"citingcorpusid":167447044,"citedcorpusid":167016631,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The hotel business benefits from a trusting and friendly relationship between guests and staff, and also from effective communication between front-office and back-office employees (Yavas et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3957222727,"citingcorpusid":252846774,"citedcorpusid":4923261,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["As the modified T-F representations may not be converted back to the time domain, these methods commonly suffer from the so-called invalid STFT problem [11].","Pioneered by TasNet [11] and ConvTasNet [13], early waveform solutions tackle the separation task with three stages: encoding, separating, and decoding.","Waveform-based DNN models have grown in popularity in recent years, partly because they can avoid the invalid STFT problem [11]–[15].","Conv-TasNet [13], a variation of TasNet [11] is adopted as the baseline model in this work."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":982487152,"citingcorpusid":7274897,"citedcorpusid":1493242,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In particular, the recently established ability to stack various van der Waals’ materials together [3, 10] may open up a new vista for exploring and engineering new electronic properties.","The value μ∗ = 6 · 104 cm2/V · s measured in graphene on BN [10] yields γ ≈ 120 K.","type (ambi-polarity) [9], and its ease of integration with other materials like Silicon and Boron Nitride through methods such as exfoliation [10]."],"intents":[["background"],null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3312736476,"citingcorpusid":133893110,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the Loess Plateau, beside the Alashan Desert, modern herbaceous and woody plants, including Caragana, Artemisia scoparia, Haloxylon ammodendron, and Salsola collina are dominant species, which also could be found in the Alashan Desert.","Moreover, n-alkanes from modern topsoil with herbaceous vegetation maximize at C31 in the western Loess Plateau (Wang et al., 2003; Zhong et al., 2009), whereas n-alkanes from modern topsoil with woody vegetation (shrubs) maximize at C27 or C29 in the arid region of northwestern China (Bai et al., 2006a, 2006b).","Moreover, n-alkanes from modern topsoil with herbaceous vegetation maximize at C31 in the western Loess Plateau (Wang et al., 2003; Zhong et al., 2009), whereas n-alkanes from modern topsoil with woody vegetation (shrubs) maximize at C27 or C29 in the arid region of northwestern China (Bai et al.,…"],"intents":[null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":533558529,"citingcorpusid":53061259,"citedcorpusid":94811921,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Synergistic mixed culture technique for improved oxygen supply to the immobilized cells was also investigated in a packed bed column [19-21].","The microorganisms used for the synthesis of this enzyme are Pseudomonas diminuta [20], Bacillus megaterium and E."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":828047713,"citingcorpusid":9069520,"citedcorpusid":33471384,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Overexpression of hepatic CYP2E1 leads to ROS generation and highly reactive free radicals including superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals which then result in oxidative stress in alcoholic liver injury (Das & Vasudevan, 2007; Lu & Cederbaum, 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":57443411,"citingcorpusid":29602008,"citedcorpusid":33471384,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A number of studies suggested that ethanol toxicity is associated with elevated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Das and Vasudevan, 2007) and concomitant reduction in endogenous antioxidant capacity (Bergamini et al., 2004; Lieber, 2005).","Excessive generation of ROS, as a c onsequence of induction of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP 2E1) by chronic ethanol consumption, plays a major role in the development of LPO (Lieber, 1997; Wu and Cederbaum, 2003).","A number of studies suggested that ethanol toxicity is associated with elevated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Das and Vasudevan, 2007) and concomitant reduction in endogenous antioxidant capacity (Bergamini et al.","Ethanol-induced hepatic tissue damage is mediated by acetaldehyde and ROS (Yu et al., 2010)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3991660814,"citingcorpusid":10952358,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the search for new solutions, peptides have gained increased attention as drug candidates, due to their interesting set of molecular properties (Ayoub and Scheidegger 2006; Marx 2005).","Recently, there has been interest in the development of peptides that might have properties of an ideal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug, due to their interesting set of molecular properties (Ayoub and Scheidegger 2006; Marx 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3884711999,"citingcorpusid":251760214,"citedcorpusid":33471384,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Oxygen-free radicals have been linked with several diseases including neurodegenerative cognitive disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.(6,7) The source of these free radicals is derived from inflammatory activity in neutrophils, macrophages, or the byproduct of the mitochondrial electron transport chain reaction, for example."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":539708969,"citingcorpusid":53232278,"citedcorpusid":33471384,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Free radicals may damage a number of cellular components including DNA, proteins and lipids (34,35)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4032156314,"citingcorpusid":255521690,"citedcorpusid":247254234,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Moreover, a number of studies outlined the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of propolis extracts in vitro [19,20,22,26].","[19] observed that an 80% extract of poplar-type propolis at a concentration of 25 μg/mL, added to a kidney epithelial cell line and human lung epithelial cells with SARS-CoV-2 infection, decreased viral replication and diminished the synthesis of RNA transcripts in cells.","Moreover, propolis extract decreased the number of virions and caused a reduction in the number of infected cells [19].","[19] observed that an 80% extract of poplar-type propolis at a concentration of 25 μg/mL, added to a kidney epithelial cell line and human lung epithelial cells with SARSCoV-2 infection, decreased viral replication and diminished the synthesis of RNA transcripts in cells."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4036564692,"citingcorpusid":255521690,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This method of intervention yielded an improvement of the clinical symptoms of the disease after 7 days [52].","In addition to the above-mentioned clinical trials, two case reports have been described in the literature [21,52]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3686080139,"citingcorpusid":124979468,"citedcorpusid":124853874,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["P*(ra, w) will be proved for 1 S m S n < oo except for the pairs (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4) and (4, 4), where P*(m, n) does not hold.","We shall prove P(m, n) ior 1 ^ m S n < co except for the pairs (2, 2), (2, 3) and (3, 3), where P(ra, n) is not true.","(3) X) g ( 4 , « - Jj) è w ë(m, » - 1).","From (3) and (4) (5) (n — l)e(Km>n) ^ n-l{m, n — 1).","(b) There are exactly four isomorphism types of subgraphs of Q, having e*(3, 4) edges, which are refinements of KzA."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":4083947381,"citingcorpusid":236946589,"citedcorpusid":102876052,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Sorghum is also used as a wheat substitute to produce glutenfree foods (Ch avez et al. 2018; Pineli et al. 2015) including pastas, breads, biscuits and porridges (Table 2)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":876879241,"citingcorpusid":18791330,"citedcorpusid":4985028,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many current technologies employ affinity-based capture methods, using antibodies or aptamers that bind to cell surface markers [3]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":876879548,"citingcorpusid":18791330,"citedcorpusid":97706978,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Notable technologies with high capture efficiencies include the use of shear gradient lift forces in expansion-contraction microchannels [26-28], Dean flow fractionation (DFF) in spiral microfluidic chips (Clearbridge Biomedics) [29, 30], and inertial focusing prior to WBC negative depletion using immunomagnetic beads (CTC-iChip) [31]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2238914037,"citingcorpusid":114509647,"citedcorpusid":114296319,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["One of the recent research 12 tendencies in ORCs is the development of new ORC concepts, for example the 13 two-stage ORC with turbine bleeding [4]; but also the integration of ORCs 14 with other technologies in order to increase their performance in comparison 15 to conventional configurations and their stand-alone use, such as micro gas 16 turbines [5] or solid oxide fuel cells [6]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":138646281,"citingcorpusid":9905925,"citedcorpusid":113865527,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Capstone or senior design projects are challenging and important components in Engineering and Engineering Technology undergraduate education and usually teach students valuable skills in design, prototype construction, testing, teamwork, and project management related skills [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3624485931,"citingcorpusid":244870498,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["21(2) 12 – 29 (In Indonesian)\n[16] Cuak Ardani N Hanafi T Pribadi 2013 Area Prediction of Green Open Space to Complete Oxygen Requirement in Palangkaraya Jurnal Hutan Tropis 1(1) 32-38 (In Indonesian) [17] Konijnendijk C C Nilsson K Randrup T B Schipperijn J 2005 Introduction In: Konijnendijk CC Nilsson K Randrup T B Schipperijn J (eds) Urban Forests and Trees :1-6 (Berlin: Springer-\nVerlag)\n[18] Nowak D J Hirabayashi S Doylec M McGovernc M Pasherc J 2018 Air pollution removal by urban forests in Canada and its effect on air quality and human health Urban For Urban Green.","21(2) 12 – 29 (In Indonesian)\n[16] Cuak Ardani N Hanafi T Pribadi 2013 Area Prediction of Green Open Space to Complete Oxygen Requirement in Palangkaraya Jurnal Hutan Tropis 1(1) 32-38 (In Indonesian) [17] Konijnendijk C C Nilsson K Randrup T B Schipperijn J 2005 Introduction In: Konijnendijk CC…","It is coherent with the statement [15,16] that population growth increases the demand for public activity, clean air, and socializing space."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1971061661,"citingcorpusid":18285757,"citedcorpusid":129053433,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The resulting mosaics were orthorectified, projected to Transverse Mercator projection with a Clarke 1880 [40] spheroid and Arc 1960 datum, and resampled to 0.","2 (ESRI 2013): (i) indigenous forest patch size, (ii) indigenous forest patch perimeter; (iii) percentage of closedcanopy forest cover within 800 m of each indigenous forest patch, and (iv) patch proximity, a distance-weighted, area-based isolation index (PPI) [40].","Based on this land cover model, we calculated the following four landscape characteristics using Fragstats v. 3.3 and ArcView 3.2 (ESRI 2013): (i) indigenous forest patch size, (ii) indigenous forest patch perimeter; (iii) percentage of closedcanopy forest cover within 800 m of each indigenous forest patch, and (iv) patch proximity, a distance-weighted, area-based isolation index (PPI) [40]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2635653062,"citingcorpusid":85092088,"citedcorpusid":86234514,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Classical bioenergetic models (Ursin, 1967; Jorgensen, 1976; Cuenco et al., 1985a,b; Cacho, 1990; Stigebrandt, 1999) represent an approach of intermediate complexity that allows one to identify andcalibrate a fewkeyparameters on thebasis of observed respiration and growth rates.","In this work, the two weight power parameters have been fixed tom=2/3 and n=1, as usually done in fish growthmodels based on Von Bertalanffy equation (Ursin, 1967).","According to Ursin (1967), the feeding metabolism can be considered proportional to the gross anabolism (FM= (1− )·GA), and SFG can be expressed easily as the difference between the net anabolism (NA=GA−FM= ·GA) and the basal metabolism, thus:","0 Ursin (1967) Standardized feeding efficiency – Feed-dependent","Ursin (1967) represents this limitation in the model, either by multiplying the NA term by an empirical coefficient, f (Eq."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1112247562,"citingcorpusid":140773371,"citedcorpusid":144037056,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In other words, we would have to reexamine the concepts of culture, which historically have been conceived of as “distinctive structures of meaning and meaningful form usually closely linked to territories,” and individuals as “self-evidently linked to particular cultures” (Hannerz, 1990 p. 238)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1173894607,"citingcorpusid":170662560,"citedcorpusid":10788263,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Le même argument s’applique à d’autres espèces à courte durée de vie comme l’ozone troposphérique, autre gaz à effet de serre, et le carbone-suie, un type d’aérosol qui contribue à réchauffer le climat (Hansen et al., 2000)."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":3364663751,"citingcorpusid":149056722,"citedcorpusid":153870996,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Progressive jurisprudence, like Canada’s royally assented Bill C-16 instituting speech codes mandating reference to transsexuals as their preferred pronoun, lest the violator be pegged for a hate crime for inducing trauma and brought under the purview of legal control (Tushnet, 2013, p. 128-134)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":265375524,"citingcorpusid":23617943,"citedcorpusid":83979063,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thus, smaller feeding areas occur when food is more abundant (Stenger 1958; Schoener 1968; Holmes 1970; Stimson 1973;  Hixon 1980 ).","These results differ from those showing that home range size decreased for supplementally fed animals (Miller et al. 1970; Symons 1971; Slaney and Northcote 1974; Simon 1975; Mares et al. 1976, 1982;  Hixon 1980 ) and increased (Ebersole 1980), but are consistent with results showing no effect on home range size due to supplemental feeding (Ewald and Carpenter 1978; Franzblau and Collins 1980; Stamps and Tanaka 1981)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":3422298201,"citingcorpusid":25396379,"citedcorpusid":11581547,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["M13mp2 RAV-2-2 and natural deletion clones RAV-2-12, Schmidt-Ruppin strain B (SRB) td7, and SRB td9 were previously described (10).","Reverse transcription of the genomic RNA produces some DNA product which is missing all or part of the terminal portion of this U3 domain (10).","Permuted LTR subclones prepared from segments of Rous-associated virus-2 (RAV-2) retroviral DNA have been described previously (10, 11).","(10) were subcloned into M13 vectors and used for primer extension assays."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":195473364,"citingcorpusid":6850383,"citedcorpusid":12557849,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Repetto [4, 11] focus on reducing the number of sensors based on a sparse planar array of sensors: The array optimization is performed by an efficient stochastic method based on the Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm, in which the positions and the weights of the array elements are optimized simultaneously.","[11] A. Trucco (1999)."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":195473276,"citingcorpusid":6850383,"citedcorpusid":25544119,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Repetto [4, 11] focus on reducing the number of sensors based on a sparse planar array of sensors: The array optimization is performed by an efficient stochastic method based on the Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm, in which the positions and the weights of the array elements are optimized simultaneously.","Beamforming of the acoustic signals acquired by the array is handled with consideration of the attenuation and the phase shift affecting the frequency components of the transmitted signals ([4])."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1029100294,"citingcorpusid":92981350,"citedcorpusid":87077274,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Introduction\nDepletion-based methods are commonly used to estimate atchability (i.e., efficiency) of survey gear, which then allows estiation of absolute density and abundance of organisms in a study rea (Leslie and Davis, 1939; DeLury, 1947; Ricker, 1958; Seber, 982).","…estimates catchability based on a linear regression of atch in each three-tow sample against the cumulative catch that ccurred prior to the sample (Leslie and Davis, 1939; Seber, 1982):\ni = qP0 − qKi−1 here yi is the catch at tow i, Ki−1 is the cumulative catch to tow -1, q is the catchability…","The use of buoys to guide the dredge tows, coupled with the Leslie or Rago method (Leslie and Davis, 1939; Rago et al., 2006), or high-accuracy GPS with the Rago method appear to be practical ways to implement catchability experiments for blue crabs in the Chesapeake Bay.","For each ataset, we applied the Leslie, Ricker, and Rago catchability estiators (Leslie and Davis, 1939; Ricker, 1958; Rago et al., 2006).","(2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2013.07.016\nepletion experiment, that each animal has an equal probability f capture, and, in some cases, that the location of the sampling ear is known throughout the experiment (Leslie and Davis, 1939;\n∗ Corresponding author."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":52191368,"citingcorpusid":3862322,"citedcorpusid":26158626,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2001), and is believed to guide the CP-RNA complex to the plasmodesmata (Roberts et al., 1998; Rodriguez-Cerezo et al., 1997).","The cylindrical inclusion protein (CI) protein is also involved in cell-to-cell movement (Shukla et al., 1991; Urcuqui-Inchima et al., 2001), and is believed to guide the CP-RNA complex to the plasmodesmata (Roberts et al., 1998; Rodriguez-Cerezo et al., 1997)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1191434285,"citingcorpusid":194162409,"citedcorpusid":26158626,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["CP et Cl ont été montré en association avec les PDs (183, 184).","For instance, the coat protein (CP) and cylindrical inclusion (Cl) protein are required for intercellular movement (35, 53, 54) and are associated with Pd (183, 186).","Plusieurs travaux dont des études ultrastructurales et génétiques ont aussi montré l'implication de Cl lors du mouvement intercellulaire des potyvirus (35, 180, 183, 184)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2679100089,"citingcorpusid":12666133,"citedcorpusid":26098190,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2 deletion syndrome is associated with lower IQ scores (36), and recent longitudinal studies indicate that declines in IQ occur several years before the emergence of schizophrenia (37)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2495513285,"citingcorpusid":28349417,"citedcorpusid":26098190,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There is evidence that cognitive decline begins some years before the onset of marked psychotic symptoms [266-272]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":833887263,"citingcorpusid":4560133,"citedcorpusid":45397458,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[17], and to monitor the wound healing process in vitro and in vivo [18]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3152529442,"citingcorpusid":219561470,"citedcorpusid":7119479,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["How sensitive this new methodology is may be shown by the analysis of healthy participants: although cfPWV is known to be elevated in diabetic individuals [29– 31] and triglycerides affect PWV in metabolic syndrome [32,33], we are not aware that a relation of cfPWV to HbA1C and triglycerides in healthy individuals with normal HbA1C and normal triglycerides has been shown."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3152529529,"citingcorpusid":219561470,"citedcorpusid":36491465,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["5) in whom a steeper rise in male than female adolescents occurs [25,26]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2142370451,"citingcorpusid":119386463,"citedcorpusid":20579101,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["PSR J1813-1749 is associated with one of the brightest and most compact objects located by the HESS Galactic Plane Survey (Aharonian et al. 2005), the TeV source HESS J1813-178."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3840560616,"citingcorpusid":119386463,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…Jan. 28 10.0 4.0 B J1811-2055 0.93×0.48; 21 6 70±7 46±10 2018 Feb. 4 10.0 4.0 BnA J1811-2055 1.16×0.25; -57 8 55±9 ... 49±18\nwhich is several times the DM estimated for a distance of 4.8 kpc by both NE2001 and YMN16 models for the Galactic electron-density (Cordes & Lazio 2002; Yao et al. 2017).","(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 2012 May 06 5.5 2.0 CnB J1820-2528 3.7×1.8; 64 2 20±3 ... 50±13 2012 Oct. 04 5.5 2.0 A J1733-1304 0.49×0.25; 16 15 74±15 ... ... 2012 Oct. 06 5.5 2.0 A J1733-1304 0.52×0.26; 25 13 88±13 ... ... 2017 Sept. 18 6.0 4.0 B J1811-2055 1.51×0.74; 15 8 112±9 −2.1±0.3 44±6 2017 Sept. 18 10.0 4.0 B J1811-2055 0.95×0.46; 18 6 38±6 63±21 2017 Dec. 11 6.0 4.0 B J1811-2055 1.74×0.77; 33 9 130±9 −0.9±0.2 54±7 2017 Dec. 11 10.0 4.0 B J1811-2055 1.18×0.49; 35 7 83±7 28±8 2018 Jan. 8 6.0 4.0 B J1811-2055 1.49×0.77; 23 7 124±7 −1.3±0.2 45±6 2018 Jan. 8 10.0 4.0 B J1811-2055 0.98×0.47; 26 7 64±7 41±10 2018 Jan. 13 6.0 4.0 B J1811-2055 1.76×0.76; 32 8 123±8 −1.4±0.3 47±7 2018 Jan. 13 10.0 4.0 B J1811-2055 1.19×0.47; 35 8 61±8 51±15 2018 Jan. 21 10.0 4.0 B J1811-2055 1.40×0.51; 31 7 53±7 ... 59±13 2018 Jan. 28 6.0 4.0 B J1811-2055 1.44×0.77; 16 7 131±7 −1.2±0.2 40±6 2018 Jan. 28 10.0 4.0 B J1811-2055 0.93×0.48; 21 6 70±7 46±10 2018 Feb. 4 10.0 4.0 BnA J1811-2055 1.16×0.25; -57 8 55±9 ... 49±18\nwhich is several times the DM estimated for a distance of 4.8 kpc by both NE2001 and YMN16 models for the Galactic electron-density (Cordes & Lazio 2002; Yao et al. 2017).","Facilities: VLA, Effelsberg Telescope Software: CASA (McMullin et al. 2007), BLOBCAT (Hales et al. 2012), PSRIX (Lazarus et al. 2016), NE2001 (Cordes & Lazio 2002), and YMN16 (Yao et al. 2017)."],"intents":[null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3253127516,"citingcorpusid":132206823,"citedcorpusid":51759197,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…suggest that open MCC cloud fields differ significantly from closed MCC cloud fields, with the former being associated with heavier drizzle (e.g. Ackerman et al., 1993; Stevens et al., 2005; Wang and Feingold, 2009) and less short-wave reflectance and transmissivity (Muhlbauer et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3863311153,"citingcorpusid":251319952,"citedcorpusid":18125413,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This agreed with Abu El Ezz (2005) and Soliman et al. (2011) they showed a high number of migrating larvae to diaphragm of untreated rats.","The results agreed with Soliman et al. (2011) and Basyoni and El-Sabah (2013).","This agreed with Soliman et al. (2011) they reported highly significant reduction in AST & ALT, decrease in urea and creatinine levels and increase in total proteins and albumin after the early treatment with ivermectin as a single dose of 0.2mg/kg S.C. injection at 4 dpi which assessed the…"],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1001275552,"citingcorpusid":5219706,"citedcorpusid":12244818,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2011), are less aggregative under predation risk (Durieux et al., 2012) and are frequently found drifting in the river (Lagrue et al."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":397942118,"citingcorpusid":11687338,"citedcorpusid":12655486,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Specifically, we consider the following configurations, 3D mesh NoC with TSV with conventional heat sink (3D-MeshTSV) adopted from [22], 3D hierarchical wireless NoC with interlayer cooling (3D-HiWiNoC) as proposed in this article and 3D mesh with interlayer cooling chip where a reduced number of TSVs are used to connect vertically adjacent switches even across the cooling layer (3D-Reduced-TSV)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":397942858,"citingcorpusid":11687338,"citedcorpusid":32620989,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["One of the major issues in the implementation of 3D ICs is the excessive heat flux generated by stacking multiple microprocessors, giving rise to an increase in the power generated per unit surface area as well as in the peak temperature [7][8]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2441882239,"citingcorpusid":19076560,"citedcorpusid":41046121,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There are no large studies examining management of infertility issues in these patients, and only two case reports have been published documenting the ART outcomes of a liver transplant patient [6, 7]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1799935790,"citingcorpusid":211258559,"citedcorpusid":214625972,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We refer to [1, 28, 44, 48, 52, 53, 54, 61, 62, 67, 68] for the rigorous derivation of the equations and the study of their dynamical properties."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1633542470,"citingcorpusid":53401510,"citedcorpusid":26421040,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Acta Med Anatol 2016;4(3):112-117 revealed a significantly higher risk of malignancy in solid hypo echoic nodules compared to others (11-14).","The presence of micro-calcification was observed to significantly increase the risk of malignancy in the nodule, similar to the literature (9,10,12-16)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2673158868,"citingcorpusid":129303877,"citedcorpusid":129435451,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2a), as suggested from observations (Gründlingh 1995)."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1796129187,"citingcorpusid":211069745,"citedcorpusid":32269368,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["act all the variables related to each component, and then tag the variable as sensitive if it matches with any keyword in the keyword database. Note that, the semantic tagging method in previous work [28, 52] relies on the component relation in layouts, which may lose some user inputs. As a result, sensitive data is tagged with its semantics in the format ⟨variable, keyword⟩. 1www .sites google.com/view/a"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":103035438,"citingcorpusid":4625815,"citedcorpusid":18528773,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For conventional MRF-based stereo matching algorithms, E data denotes the matching cost and E smooth is the cost aggregation from the neighbourhood system.","Compared to conventional MRF-based algorithms, our global refinement method only aggregates the costs around the best disparity and updates the disparity map in a more efficient way.","To aggregate neighboring costs adaptively, some authors have proposed to filter the whole cost volume with a bilateral filter since it provides a feasible solution for the initial message passing problem on a fully connected MRF [12].","To further optimise the obtained subpixel disparity map, the interpolated parabola functions f ( d ) are set as the labels in the MRF because they contain the information of both disparity values and correlation costs.","This is also known as a pairwise MRF.","In [10], the joint probability of the MRF is written as: where q p ij represents the intensity differences, Φ (·) expresses the compatibility between possible disparities and the corresponding intensity differences, and Ψ (·) expresses the compatibility between p ij and its neighbourhood system.","In the MRF model, the method to formulate an adaptive V (·) is important because the intensity in discontinuous areas usually varies greatly from that of its neighbours [34].","Therefore, we use function f ( d p ij ) as the label in MRF.","To aggregate neighbouring costs adaptively, some authors have proposed to filter the whole cost volume with a bilateral filter since it provides a feasible solution for the initial message passing problem on a fully connected MRF [12].","Semi-global matching (SGM) [11] approximates the MRF inference by performing cost aggregation along all directions in the image and this greatly improves the accuracy and efficiency of stereo matching.","Due to the fact that each pair of correspondences from two images is unique, if we select an arbitrary pixel (u, v) from the left disparity map l f , there should exist at most one correspondence in the right disparity map rt [12]:","The MRF is a commonly used graphical model in these global algorithms.","These algorithms are commonly developed based on the Markov Random Fields (MRF) [10], where finding the best disparities is formulated as a probability maximisation problem.","However, the occlusion problem always makes it difficult to find the optimum value for the smoothness parameters: overpenalizing the smoothness term can help avoid the ambiguities around discontinuities but on the other hand can lead to errors for continuous areas [12].","Since the MRF is considered to be undirected, ( p ij , p st ) and ( p st , p ij ) refer to the same edge here.","An example of the MRF model is depicted in Fig."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":4026001807,"citingcorpusid":255269158,"citedcorpusid":18528773,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Such filters are widely used in image processing and computer vision problems, such as stereo [9, 10], stereo in motion [11, 12], optical flow estimation [13], image enhancement and contrasting [14–16], and video traction and elimination of the demosaicing effect [17, 18]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":426795048,"citingcorpusid":3709376,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[14] A neutrosophic set A on the universe of discourse X is defined as } , ) ( ), ( ), ( : { X x x A x A x A x A F I T     where    [ 1 , 0 ] : , , X A A A F I T and       3 ) ( ) ( ) ( 0 x A x A x A F I T .","For more results on semihyperrings and neutrosophic sets we refer to [6, 10] and [14] respectively.","Smarandache [14] combined the nonstandard analysis [8,18] with a tri-component logic/set/probability theory and with philosophy and introduced Neutrosophic set which represents the main distinction between fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy logic/set."],"intents":[null,["result"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":426795032,"citingcorpusid":3709376,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[10] B. Davvaz and S. Omidi, Basic notions and ptoperties of ordered semihyperrings, Categories and General Algebraic Structure with Applications, 4(1) (2016), In press.","[7] B. Davvaz, Some results on congruences in semihypergroups, Bull.","[5] B. Davvaz, Isomorphism theorems of hyperrings, Indian J. Pure Appl.","Davvaz [5] has defined some relations in hyperrings and proved isomorphism theorems.","Davvaz in [12] studied the notion of semihyperrings in a general form.","[9] B. Davvaz and V. Leoreanu-Fotea, Hyperring Theory and Applications\", International Academic Press, Palm Harbor, USA, 2007.","[8] B. Davvaz, Polygroup Theory and Related Systems\", World scientific publishing Co. Pte.","The notion of algebraic hyperstructure has been developed in the following decades and nowadays by many authors, especially Corsini [2, 3], Davvaz [5, 6, 7, 8, 9], Mittas [12], Spartalis [15], Stratigopoulos [16] and Vougiouklis [19].","Vougiouklis in [18] and Davvaz in [6] studied the notion of semihyperrings in a general form, i.e., both the sum and product are hyperoperations.","For a more comprehensive introduction about hyperrings, we refer to [9].","[6] B. Davvaz, Rings derived from semihyperrings, Algebras Groups Geom."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":1941376992,"citingcorpusid":143791043,"citedcorpusid":60415247,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and achievement in general (e.g. Dochy, Segers & Sluijsmans, 1999), especially in beginner-level classes (Falchikov & Boud, 1989), and of language\ncompetence in particular (Oskarsson, 1980; Oscarson, 1989), it is an efficient method\nto use in a questionnaire-based study like the present one.","competence in particular (Oskarsson, 1980; Oscarson, 1989), it is an efficient method"],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":327202574,"citingcorpusid":17288208,"citedcorpusid":14863230,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Although still in the early stages, methodologies such as UML for Real Time in combination with models such as IEC 61499 will provide a good starting point for the development of real time distributed intelligent control design methodologies.","In particular, there have been a number of advances recently in programming languages [25, 45], models for distributed control [19] and software methodologies [28, 34].","One such approach, with roots in the object-oriented analysis and design methodology [4], is UML for Real Time [28].","This is an extension of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) [4] that is “specifically fine-tuned for the development of complex, event-driven, real time systems” [28], such as industrial process control systems."],"intents":[null,["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1698927156,"citingcorpusid":204848573,"citedcorpusid":45636756,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Bourdoux [49] suggested previously that glucosinolates in the plants might contribute “per se” to an increased in levels of thiocyanates without the need to detoxify cyanide."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1581200738,"citingcorpusid":202305069,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["672 Al-Kasanee, A., U987V Bda’ea Alsana’eea, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi, Beirut, 2nd edn. Also see: Al-Bloui, N., (2012), The Arbitration in Islamic Sharia.","Also see: Al-Kasanee, A., (1982), Bda’ea Alsana’eea. Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi, Beirut, 2nd edn. 324 Abdulwaheed, M., (n.d.), Sharh Fath Al-Oadeer, Dar Ihia’ Al-turath Al-Arabi, Beirut. Also see: Al-Dusoqi, M., (n.d.), Hashiat Al-Dusoqi. Dar Al-Fikr. 325 Baamir, A., (2010), Shari'a Law in Commercial and Banking Arbitration."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":3183231875,"citingcorpusid":227067637,"citedcorpusid":100374115,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Figure 21 reveals the optical and microscopic images of self-healing characteristics of hydrogel electrolytes, recovery times, effects on ionic conductivity, stress versus strain, and a schematic illustration of the self-healing mechanism [195].","(f) Schematic illustration of the self-healing mechanism [195]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3522059481,"citingcorpusid":238354750,"citedcorpusid":11940151,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Surgical options for treating subaxial cervical injuries include anterior decompression (discectomy/corpectomy) and fusion, posterior stabilization with or without decompression and a circumferential approach to the spine that combines both anterior and posterior approaches.(45) Surgical stabilization should also be considered in patients who are still unable to mobilize with appropriate bracing."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1568003336,"citingcorpusid":199072615,"citedcorpusid":98046655,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["фосфолипидных везикул обычно осуществляется следующими способами: направленным потоком жидкости [74 – 77], микропипеткой [26, 78, 79] или же оптическим пинцетом [9, 50, 61, 80, 81]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1568003772,"citingcorpusid":199072615,"citedcorpusid":23847108,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Viral capsids and processes of their maturation are described in terms of phase transition theory in crystals [5].","Изменения структур капсидов вирусов при их созревании исследуются с помощью методов теории структурных фазовых переходов в кристаллах [5]."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2382360728,"citingcorpusid":220504674,"citedcorpusid":7106558,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Truncating profilin at this site by cathepsin X carboxypeptidase cleavage reduces the anti-tumour activity of profilin by reducing the affinity of profilin for clathrin, decreasing clathrin-mediated endocytosis and increasing cell migration and invasion (Pecar Fonovic et al. 2013; Pecar Fonovic and Kos 2015).","Phosphorylation of other residues also alters profilin interactions and Y129 is important in endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis\n(Fan et al. 2012) and there is a potential link in apoptosis for the phosphorylation of Y139 (Pecar Fonovic and Kos 2015).","…profilin at this site by cathepsin X carboxypeptidase cleavage reduces the anti-tumour activity of profilin by reducing the affinity of profilin for clathrin, decreasing clathrin-mediated endocytosis and increasing cell migration and invasion (Pecar Fonovic et al. 2013; Pecar Fonovic and Kos 2015).","Profilin has been described as having pro-apoptotic functions (Das et al. 2009; Yao et al. 2013; Zaidi andManna 2016) and these pro-apoptotic functions of profilin seem to be linked to its binding to PRD proteins (Pecar Fonovic et al. 2013)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1463526717,"citingcorpusid":2596734,"citedcorpusid":39854154,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Within metazoans, most invertebrate species have a single Nos gene (Regulski and Tully 1995; Yuda et al. 1996; Nighorn et al. 1998; Luckhart and Rosenberg 1999; Davies 2000; Imamura et al. 2002; Scheinker et al. 2005; Godoy et al. 2006; Moroz and Kohn 2007; Comes et al. 2007; Matsuo et al. 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":912237867,"citingcorpusid":9131942,"citedcorpusid":145559649,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Teams often informally choose team members who offer not only guidance but also a mission and purpose to the team of their own (Wheelan and Johnston, 1996), and informal leadership emerges from negotiated roles with team members (Seers, 1989).","These informal leaders have been shown to significantly affect team activities as well as the structure and productivity of teams (Wheelan and Johnston, 1996).","Teams often informally choose team members 223 who offer not only guidance but also a mission and purpose to the team of their own -------(Wheelan and Johnston, 1996), and informal leadership emerges from negotiated roles with team members (Seers, 1989).","These infonnal leaders have been shown to significantly affect team activities as well as the structure and productivity of teams (Wheelan and Johnston, 1996)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2581774267,"citingcorpusid":21314017,"citedcorpusid":23679705,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["facilitates its export to the cytoplasm via a RanGTP/exportin5-dependent mechanism (Bohnsack et al., 2004).","Premature miRNAs contain a 2 nt long 3′ overhang which\nBritish Journal of Pharmacology (2010) 159 285–303\nfacilitates its export to the cytoplasm via a RanGTP/exportin5-dependent mechanism (Bohnsack et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2742860516,"citingcorpusid":145422365,"citedcorpusid":159501231,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["El incremento de éste incentivaba por otra parte una percepción de sus efectos contrapuesta a la guerra, actividad ésta marcada en la conciencia de los europeos como manifestación de un desorden de hondas raíces morales (Hirschman, 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2441228074,"citingcorpusid":143292955,"citedcorpusid":145138257,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…objects, artefacts and architecture (Dale and Burrell 2008; Gagliardi 1990), and living forms of visual data, which could include analysis of the constructed body in management and organization through dress codes, movement and posture (Hassard et al. 2000; Rafaeli et al. 1997; Trethewey 1999).","They also incorporate categories of lived visual data, such as analyses of organizational buildings, objects, artefacts and architecture (Dale and Burrell 2008; Gagliardi 1990), and living forms of visual data, which could include analysis of the constructed body in management and organization through dress codes, movement and posture (Hassard et al. 2000; Rafaeli et al. 1997; Trethewey 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1190514087,"citingcorpusid":193635402,"citedcorpusid":145138257,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This practice creates a conflicting role for working women who obtain (or wish to obtain) leadership positions as they are often confronted with opposing professional demands – to be feminine, but also be\n24\neffective (i.e., masculine) leaders in their workspaces (Schnurr, 2998; Trethewey, 1999).",", masculine) leaders in their workspaces (Schnurr, 2998; Trethewey, 1999).","…communication landscape has undergone\nmultiple shifts – from a focus on gendered differences and speech communities (Ashcraft, 2005; Tannen, 1994), to a focus on the social construction of gender as a constitutive feature of organizations (Ashcraft & Pacanowsky, 1996; Trethewey, 1999).","…via storytelling, joking complaints, self-deprecation among other women (most common), and/or collective forms of humor (Allen et al., 2004; Bell & Forbes, 1994; Crawford, 2003; Holmes & Marra, 2002; Martin, 2004; Nilsen, 1994; Rappoport, 2005; Robinson & Smith-Lovin, 2001; Trethewey, 1999, 2001).","Overall, the gendered organizational communication landscape has undergone multiple shifts – from a focus on gendered differences and speech communities (Ashcraft, 2005; Tannen, 1994), to a focus on the social construction of gender as a constitutive feature of organizations (Ashcraft & Pacanowsky, 1996; Trethewey, 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2378737212,"citingcorpusid":41099824,"citedcorpusid":6243296,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The transpeptidase active site of PBP2a, as in the cases of other PBPs, contains the activesite serine (S403) at the N-terminus of the a2 helix in the sequence motif SXXK.","In S. aureus, there exist four native PBPs: PBP1, PBP2, PBP3, and PBP4.","Tipper and Strominger (14) argued that PBPs recognize and are efficiently inhibited by b-lactam antibiotics because of the similarity of the b-lactam backbone to the acyl-D-Ala-D-Ala segment of the peptide stem in the peptidoglycan, the physiological substrate of PBPs (Fig.","As with ceftaroline, it is a poor substrate for the PC1 b-lactamase (41), but it is a good inhibitor of all PBPs of S. aureus, with IC50 values of <1 mg/mL (42).","Hence, it is able to continue peptidoglycan crosslinking in the face of the challenge by these antibiotics, when other PBPs with transpeptidase activity are inhibited.","MRSA has also acquired the mecA gene, which encodes PBP2a (19–23), enabling the bacteria to sustain cell-wall synthesis when other PBPs are inhibited by b-lactam antibiotics.","Elongation of the glycan strand is carried out by PBPs with transglycosylase activity.","E-mail: mobashery@nd.edu Received 1 May 2014; Accepted 1 June 2014 DOI 10.1002/iub.1289 Published online 14 July 2014 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com)\n572 IUBMB Life\nreferred to as penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)—performing the crosslinking reaction.","The transpeptidation reaction, where the terminal D-Ala is displaced and the peptide stems are crosslinked, is accomplished by PBPs such as PBP2a in MRSA.","As the activity of PBPs is essential for bacterial survival, they are desirable targets of antibiotics, specifically by b-lactams.","Recent examples include non-b-lactam antibiotics that target PBP2a and other PBPs (55), new drug scaffolds (56), new antibiotic targets such as the isoprenoid biosynthesis (57), and combination therapy, in which synthetic compounds of various types synergize with conventional antibiotics to fight resistance (58–61)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3333094005,"citingcorpusid":234022903,"citedcorpusid":168047531,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Hence, the theoretical results of the paper are consistent with and support the view that securities designed to mitigate agency problems should depend on specific venture characteristics (e.g. Manigart et al. 2002, Cumming 2005, Bernile et al. 2007).","Theoretical results from the model support the view that securities designed to mitigate agency problems should depend on specific characteristics of the venture (e.g. Landstrom et al. 1998, Manigart et al. 2002, Cumming 2005, Bernile et al. 2007; Cumming and Johan 2009).","…modest sums from angel investors and then obtain larger funding in later rounds from venture capitalists who also provide management services and advice (e.g. Gompers and Lerner 1999, Manigart et al. 2002; Cumming 2005; Bernile et al. 2007; Cumming and Johan 2009; Shane 2009; Hellmann et al. 2013).","In the venture development process, startups initially raise modest sums from angel investors and then obtain larger funding in later rounds from venture capitalists who also provide management services and advice (e.g. Gompers and Lerner 1999, Manigart et al. 2002; Cumming 2005; Bernile et al. 2007; Cumming and Johan 2009; Shane 2009; Hellmann et al. 2013).","Second, the model shows theoretically that convertible investments provide mitigation against venture failure risk to venture capitalists and this is likely an important factor for their wide appeal in the US venture industry (e.g. Kaplan and Stromberg 2004, Cumming 2005, Bengtsson and Sensoy 2011).","…of the paper are consistent with and support the view that securities designed to mitigate agency problems should depend on specific characteristics of the venture seeking financing (e.g. Landstrom et al. 1998, Manigart et al. 2002, Cumming 2005, Bernile et al. 2007; Cumming and Johan 2009).","…from the model is consistent with industry practice where angel investors tend to provide financing at earlier stages of venture development and VCs engage at later stages with larger investments (e.g. Manigart et al. 2002, Cumming 2005, Bernile et al. 2007, Cumming and Johan 2009, Shane 2009).","…that the convertible contract provides some mitigation against the VC’s exposure to failure risk and this feature of convertible investments likely explains their heavy use in the US venture industry as reported by Kaplan and Stromberg (2004), Cumming (2005), Bengtsson and Sensoy (2011) and others."],"intents":[["result"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2025639429,"citingcorpusid":149814841,"citedcorpusid":143035302,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Democracy is a contested concept, and people in different cultures or countries view it in different ways (Bratton et al., 2005; Chu et al., 2008b; Fuchs and Roller, 2006; Miller et al., 1997; Shin, 2012).","Email: yidazhai@yahoo.com\net al., 2008a; Fuchs and Roller, 2006; Qi and Shin, 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":603212911,"citingcorpusid":56426710,"citedcorpusid":143770384,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Our several reports have documented the model’s application, the research results, the subsequent refinements, and the caveats for implementing the model (Ralph, 1992, 1994, 1996, 2000, 2002b).","Our own research has confirmed that these mentorship difficulties (Ralph, 1994; Ralph & Walker, 2010) could be reduced *Corresponding author.\nby the application of the Adaptive Mentorship model(Ralph & Walker, 2011a), which we formerly called Contextual Supervision or CS (Ralph, 1998, 2005); and…","Our own research has confirmed that these mentorship difficulties (Ralph, 1994; Ralph & Walker, 2010) could be reduced Corresponding author."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3393603222,"citingcorpusid":236404359,"citedcorpusid":20280380,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Over oceanic regions, atmospheric cold pools vary in size depending on the scale of parent convection but typically range between 10 and 200 km in diameter with lifespans on the order of hours to a day (Chandra et  al.,  2018; de Szoeke et  al.,  2017; Feng et al., 2015; Young et al., 1995).","This air temperature criteria for identifying cold pool fronts is roughly consistent with findings from previous modeling (Feng et al., 2015; Grant et al., 2018; Langhans & Romps, 2015; Tompkins, 2001; Torri et al., 2015) and observational (Chandra et al.","It should be noted that such instances could reflect collisions between multiple cold pools (Feng et al., 2015; Terai & Wood, 2013), but this is a topic for future research."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1836370223,"citingcorpusid":122552522,"citedcorpusid":20280380,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Feng et al. (2015) looked at the differences between isolated and intersecting cold pools during the transition from shallow to deep convection in the AMIE/DYNAMO∗ field campaign.","(2008) documented changes in temperature as strong as −12 K for continental organized systems, whereas the DYNAMO field campaign over the Indian Ocean and the Tropical Ocean–Global Atmosphere (TOGA) field campaign over the Equatorial Western Pacific reported temperature changes for cold pools of up to −3 K (Young et al., 1995; Feng et al., 2015).","A value of 3600–7200 s corresponds to the typical lifetime of observed cold pools (cf. Feng et al., 2015).","…as −12 K for continental organized systems, whereas the DYNAMO field campaign over the Indian Ocean and the Tropical Ocean–Global Atmosphere (TOGA) field campaign over the Equatorial Western Pacific reported temperature changes for cold pools of up to −3 K (Young et al., 1995; Feng et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1708179030,"citingcorpusid":204490459,"citedcorpusid":6053084,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[31], [68]), or supply chain management (see e."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":854170732,"citingcorpusid":36829731,"citedcorpusid":24127319,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Participants were seen annually during a clinic or home visit, and detailed physiological and self-report questionnaire measurements (including demographics, health behavior/status, medications, and access-to-care factors) were collected.(5) Detailed medication data were collected by trained research personnel in the clinic or at home about products taken in the previous month, whereby participants were instructed to bring all prescription and over-the-counter medications as well as any herbal products for assessment."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2469304423,"citingcorpusid":34979925,"citedcorpusid":19120346,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The cell line NIH/3T3 (obtained from ATCC, CRL-1658) was utilized in cell death and morphological apoptosis studies because NIH/3T3 cells die by apoptosis when treated with a variety of apoptotic stimuli [Dorstyn and Kumar, 1997; Schenning et al., 2004]."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":4002918495,"citingcorpusid":254534042,"citedcorpusid":55828666,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[3] The specimens cast with crusher dust generated about 17% greater compression strength, 7% greater split tensile strength, and 20% more flexural strength than the samples of concrete with natural sand."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":63585489,"citingcorpusid":8713691,"citedcorpusid":15799062,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Ly MSC: 83D05; 81V22; 11E88; 15A33; 30G35\nKeywords: Gravitoelectromagnetism; Hyperbolic complex Clifford algebra; Hyperbolic numbers;\nGrand unification theory; Split-complex numbers","The algebra can be complexified with either the hyperbolic or the complex unit, which provides the additional elements i, j, σi, and ijσi."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3056155719,"citingcorpusid":129873646,"citedcorpusid":82921793,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":191834450,"citingcorpusid":15915570,"citedcorpusid":42433651,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["11(b), up to 500krad(SiO2),  gate FinFET shows negligible threshold voltage\nshift, while the single gate transistor shows significant threshold voltage shift.","For devices in[13], when irradiated under 10keV X-ray source at a dose rate of 31krad(SiO2)/min, the TID response is shown in Fig.","Figure 10 threshold voltage shifts with increasing total dose for a device operating in single and double gate modes[13]","In this paper, the brief overview of TID effects in SOI technology is presented, including\nthe partially depleted(PD) and fully depleted(FD) planar transistors and double gate(DG) and triple gate(TG) FinFETs.","Namely the planar SOI transistor and non-planar(FinFET) are introduced.","Recently, three-dimensional devices are getting more and more attention, where multi-\ngate FinFETs have been introduced.","Next the triple gates, especially the  gate FinFET shown in Fig.","Because they could provide better gate control over the channel, non-planar FinFETs could have better TID performance than the planar transistors\nThe electrical coupling and latch effect, the complicated physical mechanisms, in FD\ndevices add more complexity in analyzing the radiation effects.","For the  shaped gate FinFET, it has three gate control over the thin fin, the top one and the two side ones.","Non-planar SOI Transistor TID Response First consider the double gate FinFET[13] TID response.","For the double gate FinFET, the active silicon area is the fin, and the top and the bottom gate act as the two gate control over the fin.","There are double gate, triple gate or even four gate SOI FinFETs just based on the\nnumber of gates.","First consider the double gate FinFET[13] TID response."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1148253524,"citingcorpusid":156008783,"citedcorpusid":41669266,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As Moje and Luke (2009) stated, a “person is called into an identity by the recognitions or assignments of others, and the meanings the person makes of the identities available to him or her serve to constitute a sense of self or subjectivity” (p. 419).","In addition, I understand identities as socially co-constructed through the\nnegotiations of everyday interactions (Bloome et al., 2005; Bucholtz & Hall, 2004; Erickson, 2004; Gee, 2001; Moje & Luke, 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3698306902,"citingcorpusid":247408847,"citedcorpusid":41669266,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the current writing education, we are too busy teaching “writing skills” to treat students as “writers” with unique writing trajectories and intellectual legacies that shape their writing identities (Moje & Luke, 2009; Pfeiffer, 2018; Williamson, 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1668466884,"citingcorpusid":22617797,"citedcorpusid":206726031,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["vulnificus vary in the compositions of effector domains [21], they both promote the survival of this bacterial species in mice during infection by protecting the organism from engulfment by the phagocytes [10, 11]."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":1533948902,"citingcorpusid":149886945,"citedcorpusid":145210480,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This finding is consistent with some other studies, which shows that attitude is a significant factor for KS intention (Ramayah, Yeap, & Ignatius, 2013; Jolaee et al., 2014; Akhavan, Hosseini, Abbasi, & Manteghi, 2015).","Previous studies have supported this claim (see Jolaee et al., 2014; Kim & Ju, 2008; Chong, Yuen, & Gan, 2014).","More connections with other academics either in the same field for interdisciplinary would strengthen the networking of academics, thus indirectly have a profound effect on KS. Previous study has shown that social network has significant impact on KS intention (Jolaee et al., 2014).","Previous study has shown that social network has significant impact on KS intention (Jolaee et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["result"],["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":61997108,"citingcorpusid":14637675,"citedcorpusid":53556278,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…the general morphologies are similar (e.g., Longoria, 1974; Leckie, 1984), but Hd. delrioensis did not evolve until the late Albian (Moullade, 1966; Petrizzo and Huber, 2006), its wall texture is comprised of pustules that cannot be easily distinguished from perforation cones under the…","Petrizzo and Huber (2006) provide an emended description of Mu. delrioensis.","Lower Aptian (Globigerinelloides blowi Zone; Coccioni and Premoli Silva, 1994) through upper Aptian (upper Paraticinella eubejaouaensis Zone; this study).","…evolutionary transition between these species has not been documented at any site so far, as it is absent from lower-middle Albian sediments at Site 1049 and its presence in the oldest sediments at Sites 1050 and 1052 (Rotalipora ticinensis Zone; Petrizzo and Huber, 2006) postdates its evolution.","Petrizzo and Huber, 2006, p. 185, pl. 7, figs.","However, the complete evolutionary transition between these species has not been documented at any site so far, as it is absent from lower-middle Albian sediments at Site 1049 and its presence in the oldest sediments at Sites 1050 and 1052 (Rotalipora ticinensis Zone; Petrizzo and Huber, 2006) postdates its evolution."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":1152759470,"citingcorpusid":127402922,"citedcorpusid":157906416,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the Greater Boston housing market, home prices decreased slightly over the first half of the 1990s, a reflection of the area's recession between 1991 and 1992 (Allen et al., 2002).","However, after 1995 housing prices began to climb with prices skyrocketing after 1998 (Allen et al., 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3318299001,"citingcorpusid":203953123,"citedcorpusid":12807821,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The device was tested by using generation holograms in the condenser aperture plane to create electron beams with known OAM states [27].","The generation holograms were nanopatterned SiN membranes, in which thickness modulations were used to create intended phase distributions.","We realized such a device based on two holographic phase elements fabricated from SiN [27]."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3409106252,"citingcorpusid":236941731,"citedcorpusid":51956526,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, deforestation, habitat fragmentation and agricultural expansion exacerbate such impacts as forest fragments are “emptied” of key species (Redford and Feinsinger 2003(80); Francesconi et al. 2018; Ponta et al. 2019).","Moreover, deforestation, habitat fragmentation and agricultural expansion exacerbate such impacts as forest fragments are “emptied” of key species (Redford and Feinsinger 200380; Francesconi et al. 2018; Ponta et al. 2019)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1233883159,"citingcorpusid":198909324,"citedcorpusid":159367617,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Hajek 2011 discusses some cases in which the data is “too good to be true”; specifically, he considers Fisher’s accusation that Mendel “cooked the books” in the results of his pea experiment, arguing that the the probability by chance alone that the data would fit Mendel’s theory as well as it did…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1977147305,"citingcorpusid":216814522,"citedcorpusid":3715212,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…nature of its influence (for a concise summary of which, see Kitzinger 2004) – both mainstream and specialist media have considerable potential to promote (or inhibit) gender equality by directing public attention, shaping public understanding, and focusing public agendas (Happer and Philo 2013).","Critically evaluating media representations of women is important because – despite divergent scholarly opinion about the precise nature of its influence (for a concise summary of which, see Kitzinger 2004) – both mainstream and specialist media have considerable potential to promote (or inhibit) gender equality by directing public attention, shaping public understanding, and focusing public agendas (Happer and Philo 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2665009635,"citingcorpusid":203373397,"citedcorpusid":13255757,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These large predatory frogs take both aquatic and terrestrial prey, including the larvae and juveniles of sympatric anurans (Tyler and Cappo 1983)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1795423416,"citingcorpusid":211133639,"citedcorpusid":96588188,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Also, soil type, nutrition, fertilization and root zone location would influence soil bacterial diversity (Marschner et al., 2001, 2004; Berg and Smalla, 2009).","Some reports showed that root nutrient uptake, exudation and microbial activity led to variation in soil properties between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils (Marschner et al., 2001; Raynaud, 2010).","Influence of Distance to Roots on Soil Properties and Bacterial Community Composition Some reports showed that root nutrient uptake, exudation and microbial activity led to variation in soil properties between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils (Marschner et al., 2001; Raynaud, 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2930833978,"citingcorpusid":121635875,"citedcorpusid":94605499,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The temporal dynamics of this reaction, when well stirred, have been analyzed in detail by Gray and Roberts [2] and Forbes, Myerscough and Gray [ 3 ], for example, and a recent article by Gray and Forbes [4] demonstrates the full complexity of this apparently simple scheme, when both decay reactions involve temperature dependent reaction rates."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":859409827,"citingcorpusid":12812927,"citedcorpusid":25106526,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Encefalopatía 16 (16,8%) 1 (2%) 0,009 8,25 (1,12-60,4)","La mortalidad intrahospitalaria encontrada es superior al hallado por Ismail et al 8,7% (16), sin embargo es similar a la mortalidad encontrada en otros estudios longitudinales y esta oscilaría entre 6,2 y 28% con menores frecuencias en estudios en los que se contaron con centros de trasplante hepático (8,15,17-19)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2013144349,"citingcorpusid":213876287,"citedcorpusid":143741638,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["First, tattoos serve as an expression of personality (e.g., Cardasis, Huth-Bocks, & Silk, 2008;\nCarroll, Riffenburgh, Roberts, & Myhre, 2002; Post, 1969; Tate & Shelton, 2008; Zeiler & Kasten, 2016)."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":805721312,"citingcorpusid":8859401,"citedcorpusid":21979085,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Only the expression of Zm-AOS, a putative maize allene oxide synthase involved in OPDA synthesis [ 34 ], was slightly higher in the double treatment than after caterpillar attack alone.","Based on current knowledge about the molecular basis of maize responses to insect attack, we used Zm-B73LOX [33], Zm-AOC and Zm-AOS [ 34 ] as markers for the induction of the octadecanoid pathway, Zm-SerPIN [33], Zm-MPI and Zm-Bx1 [35] as markers for the induction of direct defenses and Zm-HPL [36], Zm-TPS10 [37], Zm-TPS23 [38] and Zm-IGL [39] as markers for volatile induction."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1278255893,"citingcorpusid":8859401,"citedcorpusid":85622837,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["... on this topic, most seem to suggest that non-hosts (or nonprey in the case of predators) may interfere with the plant’s responses in several ways: They can indirectly change plant resistance [7-9] and therefore influence feeding behavior and subsequent HIPV induction of hosts, influence the induction of plant defenses on the physiological level via positive or negative cross-talk [10,11] or induce volatile bouquets that either mask [ 12 ] or ..."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":889925070,"citingcorpusid":14888452,"citedcorpusid":41170419,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is well established that the intrinsic apoptotic pathways occurring through the mitochondrial membrane are regulated by members of the Bcl-2 family,(2) which consists of both repressors (Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2 and Bcl-XL, B-cell lymphoma-extra large) and inducers (Bax, Bcl-2-associated X and Bak, Bcl2 [homologous] antagonist/killer) of apoptosis.(3) Among the crucial steps in the intrinsic pathway is an increase in mitochondrial permeability, during which the mitochondrial membrane potential collapses."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1692006147,"citingcorpusid":26657074,"citedcorpusid":128369112,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Wang et al. (2013) compared the results from model prediction with field observation in the Pearl River Delta and pointed out that the SOA-tracer method would underestimate SOAM, probably due to the mismatch of tracer compositions in the field and the source profile (Ding et al., 2014).","…has been widely applied to attribute SOC from different precursors and proven to be able to provide reasonable results in the United States (Kleindienst et al., 2007; Stone et al., 2009; Lewandowski et al., 2013) and China (Hu et al., 2008; Guo et al., 2012; Peng et al., 2013; Ding et al., 2014).","Detailed information on the SOA tracer analysis is described elsewhere (Ding et al., 2014).","Due to little human activity at the remote NC site, the highest concentration of DHOPA was 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than those (up to 52 ng m−3) reported in the urban regions of the United States (Lewandowski et al., 2013) and China (Ding et al., 2014).","The same fSOC for SOAM was also applied to estimate SOCM in our previous study over China (Ding et al., 2014).","This research was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (XDA05100104/XDB05010200/XDA05100105), the National Science Foundation of China (41273116/41473099), and Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS.","Our recent study provided a snapshot of SOA tracers over China (including the NC and Linzhi sites in the TP) during the summer of 2012 (Ding et al., 2014).","However, this method has been widely applied to attribute SOC from different precursors and proven to be able to provide reasonable results in the United States (Kleindienst et al., 2007; Stone et al., 2009; Lewandowski et al., 2013) and China (Hu et al., 2008; Guo et al., 2012; Peng et al., 2013; Ding et al., 2014).","Since it is difficult to directly measure SOA, the SOAtracer method provides a valuable technique to estimate SOA in the ambient air, and it has been widely used around the world (Hu et al., 2008; von Schneidemesser et al., 2009; Guo et al., 2012; Lewandowski et al., 2013; Ding et al., 2014).","(2013) compared the results from model prediction with field observation in the Pearl River Delta and pointed out that the SOA-tracer method would underestimate SOAM, probably due to the mismatch of tracer compositions in the field and the source profile (Ding et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],null,["background"],null,["methodology"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":3768721158,"citingcorpusid":201130685,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The main costs of obtaining information about the mechanical system behaviour of components or assemblies are due to FE solver calls (Harzheim 2014).","In practice, the system responses are therefore replaced by metamodels (Harzheim 2014).","In practice, however, restrictions supplement\nICED19 2699\nthe optimisation problem (Harzheim 2014).","Variance-based sensitivity analyses are implemented in most optimisation programs (Harzheim 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3945360821,"citingcorpusid":252522242,"citedcorpusid":205906598,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["USP15 deubiquitinates pro-caspase 3, which leads to the activation of cleaved caspase-3 during paclitaxel-induced apoptosis [47]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3745017659,"citingcorpusid":249017797,"citedcorpusid":220845987,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Turning to the first purpose of the paper, the initial value problem for semiclassical gravity (without collapses) appears to have only been addressed hitherto for certain particular spacetimes such as Friedman Lemâıtre Robertson Walker spacetimes (FLRW) [16, 77, 90, 91, 46], static spacetimes [63, 95] or special cases with conformal coupling in conformally static spacetimes [65], while in the present paper we aim to initiate a study of the generic case.","Restricting to physical solutions will still allow a rich class of solutions, even in the case of spacetimes and matter e.g. with FLRW symmetry, in spite of the fact that, here, we will not contemplate the inclusion of a classical piece in the stress-energy tensor, provided we include consideration of quantum states other than just the class of quasi-free states with vanishing one-point functions.","Those works studied the transition as a result of a spontaneous collapse on a single collapse surface (assumed to be at some constant cosmological time) from an initial state with an initial exact FLRW symmetry to a state in which that symmetry is broken.","Turning to the first purpose of the paper, the initial value problem for semiclassical gravity (without collapses) appears to have only been addressed hitherto for certain particular spacetimes such as Friedman Lemâıtre Robertson Walker spacetimes (FLRW) [16, 77, 90, 91, 46], static spacetimes [63, 95] or special cases with conformal coupling in conformally static spacetimes [65], while in the present paper we aim to initiate a study of the generic case.","4 Say if the cosmological constant vanishes (to order ~0) were we to restrict to FLRW symmetry and the\nBut note that, as we shall discuss towards the end of Section 2, despite remaining nonzero in the ~ → 0 limit, for certain physically interesting such states, an example of which can be regarded as superpositions of coherent states, the former piece can include terms which depend nontrivially on ~, e.g. in the just-mentioned examples, there is a term of form A exp(−B/~), where A and B are independent of ~, and B positive, and thus thinking of the former piece as ‘classical’ can be misleading.","80, 102, 78], cosmology [13, 16, 20, 23, 45, 61, 77, 89, 90, 91], cosmic censorship [11, 12, 19, 24, 55, 56, 59, 64], quantum inequalities and singularity theorems [35, 27, 28, 29, 30, 30, 37, 39], the ruling-out of faster-than-light communication and time travel [14, 15, 34, 38, 51, 69, 68], etc."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3745017629,"citingcorpusid":249017797,"citedcorpusid":123292633,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Furthermore, Page and Geilker [85] also argue that semiclasssical gravity without state collapses leads to results in contradiction with their non-null result for their Schrödingercat-like Cavendish experiment.","As we have mentioned above, in [25] and [85], a number of arguments have been given against semiclassical gravity in general and, in particular, against theories which attempt to combine semiclassical gravity with quantum state collapses.","We should mention already that the conclusions of [25, 85] have been disputed in the literature, see e.","The argument given in [85] is that, on the Everett interpretation, semiclassical gravity will avoid the violation of covariant conservation if one limits consideration to the complete wave function, describing simultaneously all the Many Worlds branches that the Everett interpretation postulates.","The conclusion often drawn (and drawn in [85]) from that experimental result is that semiclassical gravity does not apply in such circumstances and that, to account for such situations, one needs to resort to full quantum gravity as well as the Everett formulation.","We find it important to stress the importance of the Cavendish experiment of Page and\nGeilker [85], which has had a big impact on our understanding of the status of semiclassical gravity as an effective theory.","And, as clearly explained in [85], because of such sudden changes, the semiclassical Einstein equations will not hold across the collapse surface and also the Bianchi identity will fail – in analogy to what we saw above about the failure of current conservation in semiclassical electrodynamics with collapses.","In addition, Page and Geilker [85] remarked that, during the course of a measurement, the covariant conservation equation of the stress-energy tensor would be violated, and concluded, in our view, somewhat prematurely, that only the Everett (Many Worlds) formulation (which is free of state collapse) is consistent with semiclassical gravity.","On each collapse surface, the semiclassical gravity equations will necessarily be violated and, as Page and Geilker pointed out in 1981, there will therefore necessarily be a discontinuity in the expectation value of the renormalized stress-energy tensor.","6 It is true that, as mentioned in [85], combining semiclassical gravity with collapses will entail that the covariant conservation of the expectation value of the quantum stress energy tensor is violated on collapse surfaces.","Furthermore, Page and Geilker [85] also argue that semiclasssical gravity without state collapses leads to results in contradiction with their non-null result for their Schrödingercat-like Cavendish experiment.","Geilker [85], which has had a big impact on our understanding of the status of semiclassical gravity as an effective theory."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2770186793,"citingcorpusid":129343902,"citedcorpusid":128821936,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The asymmetry of energy distribution can not only drive the medium-scale circumfluence but also influence the large-scale circumfluence [ 1 ] . The main pur-"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":289602095,"citingcorpusid":31188902,"citedcorpusid":123205843,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is well known that the lead-based ferroelectric ceramics, such as lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, PZT), show the excellent piezoelectric and photovoltaic effects [5,6]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3558347051,"citingcorpusid":239465885,"citedcorpusid":17141395,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A negative relationship bet een the NPL and financial inclusion is expected because large NPLs would negatively affec bank profitability (Ghosh, 2015; Ozili, 2019).","A n gative relationship between the NPL and financial inclusion is expected because large NPLs would negatively affect bank profitability (Ghosh, 2015; Ozili, 2019).","A negative relationship between the NPL and financial inclusion is expected because large NPLs would negatively affect bank profitability (Ghosh, 2015; Ozili, 2019).","A negative relationship between the NPL and financial inclusion is expect d beca s large NPLs would negatively affect bank profitability (Ghosh, 2015; Ozil , 2019)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2153158930,"citingcorpusid":169255110,"citedcorpusid":54884733,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The insectresistant and herbicide-tolerant GM crops have provided significant benefit to the farmers and consumer and positive effect on the environment and human health; however, the development of GM crop has suffered from public reservation and overregulation.(14) Therefore, the future of agricultural productivity would be better served if the genetic modification debate were less polarized and were focused on the potential for complementarity of GM technologies within a diversified farming system framework.","Though the future stream of benefits from GM crops can be manifolds leading to a reduction in food insecurity and poverty the development and use of GM crops is facing over regulations.(14) On the basis of this substantial history and data spanning many years indicates that, on balance, many benefits have accrued from the adoption of GM crops but there continue to be many ethical issues that are being debated, andmany are being resolved through institutional interventions."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3558346864,"citingcorpusid":239465885,"citedcorpusid":96452750,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Economic policy uncertainty (EPU) has been seen as uncertainty about changes in fiscal, monetary and regulatory policies of the government (Baker et al., 2016)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":991827258,"citingcorpusid":74099676,"citedcorpusid":72227820,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Uno de los factores decisivos para la reinserción social/familiar de las personas en situación de calle, especialmente las personas adultas mayores, es su grado de dependencia funcional y cognitiva, es decir, su capacidad de ejecutar las actividades básicas de la vida diaria (ABVD) tales como vestirse, comer o asearse, y las que se engloban en el concepto de actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria (AIVD), tales como comprar o preparar comida (21).","Los censos y catastros que se han realizado en nuestro continente no recogen información de salud por ello no podemos comparar nuestros resultados con otros del continente, por lo que vamos a comparar nuestros resultados con la Encuesta Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento (SABE) realizada en varios países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe (31) en personas adultas mayores; por ejemplo, este estudio señala que, en promedio, la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas fluctúa entre 10 y 40% entre los 60 y 80 años, en cambio en nuestro estudio fue de 66,2%; también señalan que las enfermedades prevalentes en esta etapa de la vida fueron: la hipertensión, enfermedades cardiovasculares, artritis y diabetes, que coindice con los resultados de nuestro estudio.","Las enfermedades mentales también fueron más altas que en el estudio SABE (31), en general, la prevalencia de enfermedades mentales en las PAMSC al ingreso al PNVD fue alrededor del 30%, por ejemplo, en el estudio SABE, la prevalencia de depresión fluctuó entre 5 y 20%, en nuestro estudio, fue del 100%.","Lamentablemente, debido al autorreporte, en algunos casos estas prevalencias son más bajas de lo esperado en una población adulta mayor, como en el caso de hipertensión arterial (31).","El estudio SABE también evaluó la dependencia funcional y se encontró que entre el 10 y 25% de las personas adultas mayores presentan, al menos, una limitación en las ABVD y AIVD (31).","Es indudable que este grupo particular de personas adultas mayores, tiene una alta prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas y mentales, además de enfermedades infecciosas, abuso de alcohol y uso de drogas ilegales que la población adulta mayor (2,4,31).","Además, la frecuencia de deterioro cognitivo fue cuatro veces mayor en las PAMSC que en los adultos mayores de la encuesta SABE.","Albala C, Lebrão ML, Leon Diaz EM, Ham-Chande R, Hennis AJ, Palloni A, et al. Encuesta Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento (SABE): metodología de la encuesta y perfil de la población estudiada.","Además, nuestro estudio muestra que la mujer es mucho más dependiente que el hombre, porque tiene mayor probabilidad de presentar limitación funcional, probablemente debido a que presenta mayor prevalencia de artritis y artrosis, osteoporosis, entre otras enfermedades (31)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3379790531,"citingcorpusid":228946492,"citedcorpusid":42525932,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Few studies identified a tailored approach, despite person-centredness being endorsed as good practice, encompassing a holistic and personalised ethos (Johnston and Narayanasamy, 2016; Oyebode and Parveen, 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":552406228,"citingcorpusid":55273042,"citedcorpusid":154142179,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Rv(C (2)Pv C 0) + (R0 u RuCRv)w +Ru(w + (Ruw CRv)w) = C(2)dv C Rv wdu + w02R2 u RuCRvw +Ruw: (Ruw CRv) +Ru:w = (1 )(2)( 0 w)(2):dv wdu + 2w:Ru: (Ruw 0 CRv) (1 ) Rv + ((1 )Rv +Ru):w (16) The second term in (16) is equal to 2Ruw 0(s)u0(s) v0(s) : @ @s v0((1 )( (s) w(s))) u0(w(s)) which is positive.","Surveys (as in Eisenhauer and Ventura 2003) and experimental methods (as in Ebert and Wiesen 2011) aimed at estimating prudence have also been proposed."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":3581463932,"citingcorpusid":240515088,"citedcorpusid":26267131,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Now, we are going to recall some concepts used to prove the order of convergence, some of them firstly introduced in [14].","To present a rigorous proof of the order of convergence of a vectorial iterative method, we introduced in [14] the following notation which we now recall for completeness."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2325206194,"citingcorpusid":26049720,"citedcorpusid":35767189,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["And, these cells can differentiate to all types of body cells and lineages derived from three embryonic germ layers, named the endoderm (Schroeder et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2007), mesoderm (Sachinidis\net al., 2003) and ectoderm (Lee et al., 2000; Han et al., 2008) in vitro or in vivo."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2606585858,"citingcorpusid":22990296,"citedcorpusid":19977983,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…uptake of Yersinia enterocolitica and the internalization of inert microspheres\nAdhesion to and invasion of non-phagocytic host cells by the bacterial pathogen Y. enterocolitica is a well-defined process employing the b1-integrin-binding bacterial surface protein invasin (Dersch and Isberg, 1999).","enterocolitica is a well-defined process employing the b1-integrin-binding bacterial surface protein invasin (Dersch and Isberg, 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":789328793,"citingcorpusid":49240465,"citedcorpusid":36128836,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Phosphorylation in secretory proteins permits the stabilization ofhigh levels of calciumphosphate,which is an important source of nutrients [28,31].","Furthermore, phosphorylation in secretory proteins such as casein in milk can stabilize high levels of calcium phosphate for the formation of micelles which increases the nutritional value of the proteins [31].","Therefore, like phosphorylated casein inmilk [31], the phosphorylated MRJP 1–2 are thought to support the more efficient nutrition that is required for the high nutritional demands of the fast growing honeybee larvae and active egg-laying queen to support their high nutrition demand [2].","[31] Poth AG, Deeth HC, Alewood PF, Holland JW."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":801476151,"citingcorpusid":7166114,"citedcorpusid":5926751,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1232356823,"citingcorpusid":107682458,"citedcorpusid":153439215,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of regional and global areas, (Nakićenovic, Gilli, & Kurz, 1996), by means of a Carbon exergy tax (CET), (Massardo, Santarelli, & Borchiellini, 2003) and (Santarelli, 2004) or exergy indicators in local laws, (Favrat, Marechal, & Epelly, 2008) and policy making perspectives, (Dincer I. , 2002).","Indirect links have been made by means of exergy efficiency of regional and global areas, (Nakićenovic, Gilli, & Kurz, 1996), by means of a Carbon exergy tax (CET), (Massardo, Santarelli, & Borchiellini, 2003) and (Santarelli, 2004) or exergy indicators in local laws, (Favrat, Marechal, & Epelly, 2008) and policy making perspectives, (Dincer I."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1847703974,"citingcorpusid":213417467,"citedcorpusid":79271972,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A DCR needs the availability of 3–5 expert surgeons on lacrimal surgery for a single procedure [7].","Instruments for a incision retraction in a dacriocistorrynostomy [7].","During a DCR, an incision between the ocular cavity and the nasal apparatus is performed [1,6,7]."],"intents":[["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":1627437071,"citingcorpusid":207255919,"citedcorpusid":6194290,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in adult offspring (Kapoor et al. 2006).","…in part, a programmed increase in exposure of adipose tissue to glucocorticoids, since several reports show that fetal glucocorticoid excess programs hyperactivity of the\nJournal of Endocrinology (2008) 198, 571–579\nhypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in adult offspring (Kapoor et al. 2006)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":449024513,"citingcorpusid":18997441,"citedcorpusid":11687977,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["high in malignancies of epithelial origin, particularly glioblastoma.(28) Although the best-known function of CD73 is the con-"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":449024569,"citingcorpusid":18997441,"citedcorpusid":11905433,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["survival yet preclude inhibitor binding through steric hindrance of the nicotinamide/drug binding site.(46,53,76,77) The detected mutations in residues 93, 191, 217, and 388 occur in or near the nicotinamide binding site."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2797839509,"citingcorpusid":82523377,"citedcorpusid":98100494,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This model is characterized by certain deviations of KIEs from those calculated in the semiclassical model: inflated kinetic isotope effects (H/D KIEs > 7), and an inverse isotope effect on the Arrhenius prefactor ratios (AH/AD  26 ].","Tunneling occurs just below the classical transition-state in the Bell model, resulting in a relatively small correction to the overall reaction rate and isotope effect (Fig. 1B); depending on the extent of H or D tunneling, different KIE patterns are predicted [ 26 ,27]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2603291558,"citingcorpusid":43297926,"citedcorpusid":24309397,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Previous studies have shown that when using a signal processing technique to dissect the transient component of a combined vergence response those with a greater peak velocity also had a larger transient component.[ 6 ,7] The transient component was correlated to the subject’s ability to modify their dynamics in a motor learning task.[8] Presbyopes who could not adapt to PALs had slower baseline peak velocity compared to adaptive presbyopes ..."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":801606717,"citingcorpusid":53097137,"citedcorpusid":34623738,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 1999; Roe and Lachman, 2005) or even of post-traumatic stress in people coping with severe mental illness (SMI; Frame and Morrison, 2001; Mueser et al., 2002; Shaw et al., 2002)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1979406584,"citingcorpusid":218506264,"citedcorpusid":18957498,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These results suggested that ADSCs preconditioned by poly(I:C) exert a higher immunosuppressive effect through expression of FGL2, but not PGE2 or IL-10, in vitro as compared to the untreated ADSCs or ADSCs pretreated with LPS or TAK242.","When CD4+T cell: ADSC ratio was 1:1, ADSCs pretreated with poly(I:C) significantly inhibited CD4+T cells proliferation (mean inhibition rate 42.53 ± 3.82%), which was better than the results of ADSCs preconditioned\ne921287-4\nBao Z. et al.: Toll-like receptor 3 activator preconditioning…\n© Ann Transplant, 2020; 25: e921287 ORIGINAL PAPER\nIndexed in: [Science Citation Index Expanded] [Index Medicus/MEDLINE] [Chemical Abstracts] [Scopus] This work is licensed under Creative Common AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\nwith poly(I:C) plus TAK242 (mean inhibition rate 28.70 ± 3.74","In our study, we attempted to explore whether TLR4 antagonist (TAK242) alone or the combination of poly(I:C) and TAK242 have a stronger immunomodulatory function than the monotherapy of poly(I:C).","Also, no significant increase was detected in the ADSC-TAK242 (15.60 ± 2.30%, Figure 6F) or ADSC-poly(I:C) plus TAK242 (15.9 ± 1.78%, Figure 6G) groups.","L PS\n+A DSC\n–p oly\n(I:C ) +A DSC\nML R-c\nont rol\n**\n** * *\n50\n40\n30\n20\n10\n0\nIn hib\nito r r\nat e o\nf C D4\n+ ce\nlls nu\nm be\nr %\n* **\n1:0.1 1:0.2 1:1 1:2\n50\n40\n30\n20\n10\n0\nIn hib\nito r r\nat e o\nf C D4\n+ ce\nlls nu\nm be\nr %\n+ADSC +ADSC–poly (I:C) +ADSC–LPS +ADSC–TAK242 +ADSC–poly (I:C)+TAK242\ne921287-6\nBao Z. et al.: Toll-like receptor 3 activator preconditioning…\n© Ann Transplant, 2020; 25: e921287 ORIGINAL PAPER\nIndexed in: [Science Citation Index Expanded] [Index Medicus/MEDLINE] [Chemical Abstracts] [Scopus] This work is licensed under Creative Common AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\nLPS, TAK242, or poly(I:C) plus TAK242 prolonged the survival to 8, 9.5, and 10.5 days, respectively.","ADSCs treated with LPS, TAK242, or poly(I:C) plus TAK242 prolonged the survival to 8, 9.5, and 10.5 days, respectively.","TAK242 [19,20] (1 µM, MCE) was used as an antagonist for TLR4.","FGL2, but not PGE2 or IL-10, is the main effector molecule in ADSCs preconditioned with TLR3 activator\nNext, we explored the effect of poly(I:C), LPS, or TAK242 preconditioning on the expression of immune modulators (IL-10, PGE2, and sFGL2).","AD SC–\npol y (I\n:C)+ TAK\n242\nAD SC–\nTAK 242\nAD SC–\nLPS\nAD SC–\npol y (I\n:C)AD SC\n** 2.5 2.0\n1.5\n1.0\n0.5\n0.0\n2– ΔΔ\nCT\n* *\n**\n* *\nAD SC–\npol y (I\n:C)+ TAK\n242\nAD SC–\nTAK 242\nAD SC–\nLPS\nFGL2 mRNa FGL2 ELISA\nAD SC–\npol y (I\n:C)AD SC\n100\n80\n60\n40\n20\n0\nng /m\nl\nA B\ne921287-7\nBao Z. et al.: Toll-like receptor 3 activator preconditioning… © Ann Transplant, 2020; 25: e921287\nORIGINAL PAPER\nIndexed in: [Science Citation Index Expanded] [Index Medicus/MEDLINE] [Chemical Abstracts] [Scopus] This work is licensed under Creative Common AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\n8.71%\n100 101 102\nFITC-A\nNormal C57BL/6\n103 104\n104\n103\n102\n101\n100\nAP C-\nA\n12.0%\n100 101 102\nFITC-A\nControl (transplant)\n103 104\n104\n103\n102\n101 100 AP\nCA\n16.8%\n100 101 102\nFITC-A\n+ADSC\n103 104\n104\n103\n102\n101\n100\nAP C-\nA\n15.2%\n100 101 102\nFITC-A\n+ADSC–LPS\n103 104\n104\n103\n102\n101\n100\nAP C-\nA\n15.9%\n100 101 102\nFITC-A\nCD4\nFo xp\n3\n+ADSC–TAK242\n103 104\n104\n103\n102\n101\n100\nAP C-\nA\n17.3%\n100 101 102\nFITC-A\n+ADSC–poly (I:C)+TAK242\n103 104\n104\n103\n102\n101 100 AP\nCA\n22.9%\n100 101 102\nFITC-A\n+ADSC–poly (I:C)\n103 104\n104\n103\n102\n101\n100\nAP C-\nA\n+A DS\nC– pol\ny (I :C)\n+T AK\n242\n+A DS\nC– TAK\n242\n+A DS\nC– LPS\n+A DS\nC– pol\ny (I :C)\n+A DS\nC\nTra nsp\nlan t\nNo rm\nal C 57B\nL/6 J\n**25 20\n15\n10\n5\n0\nCD 4+\nFo xp\n3+ /C\nD+ (%\n)\n** **\nA\nE\nC\nG\nB\nF\nD\nH\nwas used as a normal control (A).","Material/Methods: We evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of mouse adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) preconditioned with various combinations of TLR3/4 agonist and antagonists, including polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid poly(I:C)-TLR3 agonist, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -TLR4 agonist, and TAK242-TLR4 antagonist.","When the CD4+T cell: ADSC ratio was 1:1, ADSCs preconditioned by poly(I:C) significantly inhibited CD4+T cell proliferation (inhibition rate 42.53 ± 3.82%), which was better than the ADSCs pretreated with poly(I:C) plus TAK242 (inhibition rate 28.70 ± 3.74%).","Then, 5 groups of ADSCs, including ADSCs (as control group), ADSC-poly(I:C), ADSC-LPS, ADSC-TAK242, and ADSC-poly(I:C) plus TAK242, were utilized in the MLR assay at ratios 1:0.1,\n1:0.2, 1:1, 1:2 (CD4+T cells: ADSC) in RPMI medium.","Allogeneic mixed lymphocyte and ADSC reactions\nAn allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay was used to determine the effect of poly(I:C), LPS, or TAK242 preconditioning on the immunomodulatory properties of ADSCs.","TAK242 [19,20] (1 μM, MCE) was used as an antagonist for TLR4.","In contrast, ADSCs treated with\nA\nC\nB\n94.5%\n100 101 102\nFITC-A\nControl\nMLR with di erent concentration of ADSC MLR in 6 groups\nCo un\nt\nCo un\nt\nCo un\nt\nCo un\nt\nCo un\nt\nCo un\nt\nCo un t 103 104\n300\n200\n100\n0\n28.2%\n100 101 102\nFITC-A\n+ADSC–LPS\n103 104\n150\n100\n50\n0\n31.2%\n100 101 102\nFITC-A\nMLR\n103 104\n200\n150\n100\n50\n0\n35.4%\n100 101 102\nFITC-A\nCFSE\nCo un\nt\n+ADSC–TAK242\n103 104\n150\n100\n50\n0\n33.4%\n100 101 102\nFITC-A\n+ADSC\n103 104\n150\n100\n50\n0\n43.7%\n100 101 102\nFITC-A\n+ADSC–poly (I:C)\n103 104\n80\n60\n40\n20\n0\n30.1%\n100 101 102\nFITC-A\n+ADSC–poly (I:C)+TAK242\n103 104\n100\n80\n60\n40\n20\n0\n+A DSC\n–p oly\n(I:C )+\nTAK 242\n+A DSC\n–TA K24\n2\n+A DSC\n–"],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":3825016603,"citingcorpusid":8171320,"citedcorpusid":29058276,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Human blastocysts have been shown to induce endometrial apoptosis by Fas/FasL mediated mechanisms in vitro [54]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3351006172,"citingcorpusid":235222647,"citedcorpusid":1098173,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although recent studies have shown that bariatric surgery significantly improve albuminuria in subjects with diabetes, these studies were limited by being retrospective, small sample size or short-term one [12], [14].","Surgical weight loss was found to normalize glomerular hyperfiltration and decrease albumin excretion rate in morbidly obese persons [12], and dietary weight loss was associated with beneficial effects on albuminuria, proteinuria, and the decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with pre-existing CKD [13]."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":102252732,"citingcorpusid":5386703,"citedcorpusid":1098173,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Fourteen studies (n=1794) reported the mean change in FBG [22, 23, 28, 30, 32–38, 40, 41, 44] (Table 3).","1) [19–43].","Diabetes Remission The rate of diabetes remissions was available in 21 studies (n=6373) [21–25, 27–32, 35–44] (Table 4).","Glucose Control Changes in HbA1c were reported in 13 studies (n=1542) [23, 25, 28, 30, 32–38, 41, 44] (Table 3)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1679289378,"citingcorpusid":207647067,"citedcorpusid":11073354,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[", 1986; RIFM, 2015) Repeated Dose Toxicity: NOAEL 1⁄4 500 mg/kg/day (Hagan et al., 1967) Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity:Developmental NOAEL1⁄4 768.","Thus, the NOAEL for the repeated dose toxicity endpoint was determined to be 10000 ppm or 500 mg/kg/day (Hagan et al., 1967; data also available in Bar and Griepentrog, 1967).","(Mortelmans et al., 1986; RIFM, 2015) Repeated Dose Toxicity: NOAEL ¼ 500 mg/kg/day (Hagan et al., 1967) Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity: Developmental NOAEL¼ 768.4 mg/kg/day."],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1679289460,"citingcorpusid":207647067,"citedcorpusid":4921129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Additional References: Stoner et al., 1973; Schafer and Bowles, 1985; Clark et al., 1980; Cutting et al., 1966; Verrett et al., 1980; RIFM, 1974b; Grundschober, 1977; RIFM, 1978; Ekman and Strombeck, 1949; Oser et al., 1965; Clark et al., 1980; RIFM, 1963; Yamaori et al., 2005; Dahl and Hadley,…","Additional References: Stoner et al., 1973; Schafer and Bowles, 1985; Clark et al., 1980; Cutting et al., 1966; Verrett et al., 1980; RIFM, 1974b; Grundschober, 1977; Yamaori et al., 2005; RIFM, 1978; Ekman and Strombeck, 1949; Oser et al., 1965; Clark et al., 1980; RIFM, 1963; Yamaori et al.,…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3380653701,"citingcorpusid":232297507,"citedcorpusid":84192029,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In Amia calva, as described by Pehrson (1922, 1940) the parasphenoid develops from the unpaired anterior and the paired posterior rudiments (see Figure 12), which later fuse in a single bone.","Posterior division of parasphenoid— red; anterior division of parasphenoid— blue; ventrorostral series— green; the subrostral part of parasphenoid is marked by oblique hatching\nF I G U R E 1 2 Development of the parasphenoid in Amia calva (adopted from Pehrson, 1940; figures 38, 39)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3424166597,"citingcorpusid":232297507,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…subrostral+basirostrals in sturgeons and the subrostral alone in paddlefish represent the anterior division of the parasphenoid, the posterior ventrorostrals, which are definitely paired and\nwhich are situated in front of this division, should be the vomers, as originally proposed by Bridge (1878).","Bridge (1878) in his description of the skeleton of the subadult Polyodon (head length 220 mm) reported, that the lateral margins of the anterior part of the parasphenoid in this species “are slightly overlapped by the adjacent cartilage” (Bridge, 1878, p. 692).","Since Bridge (1878) and Parker (1882) first described the parasphenoid in Polyodon and Acipenser respectively, the homology of this bone of acipenseriforms has never been questioned (see de Beer, 1937; Findeis, 1993; Hilton et al., 2020, 2011; Jollie, 1980; Pehrson, 1944; Sewertzoff, 1926, 1928;…","Bridge (1878) considered the posterior ventrorostrals of Polyodon to be the vomers.","The accompanying figure (Bridge, 1878, Plate 56, Figure 4) clearly shows that the cartilaginous excrescences, which overlap the parasphenoid margins in Polyodon, are situated at the level of\nthe nasal capsules, exactly where the medial palatobasal process develops in sturgeon."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1714926040,"citingcorpusid":49385945,"citedcorpusid":205110815,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy in Korea, and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for >90% of thyroid cancers.(1,2) Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is the most common endocrine disorder, and a recent epidemiologic study reported that 7."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1674647044,"citingcorpusid":33943579,"citedcorpusid":42837630,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the upper jejunum, villus height, crypt depth and crypt :villus ratio (the number of crypts per villus (Clarke, 1970)) were not significantly different in Category I and ex-Category 4 rats, but in Category 4 animals the villi were shorter (P<0'05), the crypts were shallower (P<O'OOI) and the crypt:villus ratio was greater (P<O'05), when compared with the other 2 groups."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":918451991,"citingcorpusid":9893528,"citedcorpusid":11358743,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[11, 12] showed that NHase in Rhodococcus J1 was induced by the presence of cobalt ions and urea."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2428788433,"citingcorpusid":143115029,"citedcorpusid":144167128,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In a more recent exploration of time, Shelly et al. (1999) demonstrated that analyses of the duration of social acts provide important insight on how different social structures (i.e., status, authority, and sentiment) organize group interaction.","In a more recent exploration of time, Shelly et al. (1999) demonstrated that analyses of the duration of social acts provide important insight on how different social structures (i.e., status, authority, and sentiment) organize group interaction. An act is a categorization of verbal and paraverbal output based on Berger and Conner’s (1974) system for coding interaction (see also Berger et al.","…actors and the deference of lower-status actors seem to imply frequency and duration as dependent variables of interest arising from social structure (e.g., Bales 1950; Berger and Conner 1974; Burke 1971; Reynolds and Fisek 1972; Shelly et al. 1999; Smith-Lovin, Skvoretz, and Hudson 1986).","The research reported here involves a reanalysis of data reported in Shelly (1993, 1996, 1997) that were also analyzed in Shelly and Munroe (1999); Shelly et al. (1999); and Shelly and Webster (1997).","This result is consistent with work by Lovaglia and Houser (1996) on the “homogenizing effects” of sentiment and work by Shelly et al. (1999) on the effects of sentiment structure on social interaction.","In contrast to Shelly et al. (1999) who examined discrete acts, we reŽne the expectation states conceptualization of the fundamental interaction sequence to include the duration of the episode we identify as a speech. A speech corresponds to the total time an actor keeps the oor in any turn to talk, from the time she or he initiates activity until she or he relinquishes the oor to another actor. Thus speeches are episodes of interaction characterized by strings of acts initiated by an individual. We classify the content of speeches according to the categories of acts described above (i.e., action opportunities, performance outputs, positive evaluations, negative evaluations). For instance, an action opportunity might be composed of several action opportunities, each directed at a particular member of the group but strung together. An example of this would be when one group member polls others successively without pausing between queries so that the polled members can respond, for example: “Kelly, what do you think of this idea? Chris, do you have an opinion on this? and Terry how do you feel?” In this hypothetical example, the inquiring actor has strung together three action opportunities (one each to Kelly, Chris, and Terry) in a single turn of participation. Similarly, a performance output may consist of a series of acts strung together, with embedded pauses for emphasis of points being made by the speaker. Evaluations could also include multiple acts. In addition, speeches may involve multiple types of acts. For example, an actor may combine a performance output with an action opportunity in one utterance (e.g., “We need to think about the costs of this project; does any one else have other concerns?”). Extending expectation states theories of interaction to include the duration of speeches is a straightforward enterprise. We presume that the process described by Berger and Conner (1974) governs the behavior of members of initially undifferentiated groups. Individuals are given opportunities to perform by others in the group, their contributions are evaluated by those others, and performance expectations organize the interaction after this initial period of interaction. Individuals who receive high evaluations should get more chances to perform and receive more positive evaluations than those who receive low evaluations. Thus the content of speeches (especially early speeches) and the sequencing of the content in initially undifferentiated groups play an important role in organizing interaction in such groups. In groups characterized by initial status differences between the actors, however, we expect actors who are in positions of structural advantage to enjoy interaction advantages (i.e., more opportunities to perform and more positive evaluations). In these groups, it is the preexisting structural hierarchy that determines speech content and duration. With respect to the latter, Lefer, Gillespie, and Conaty (1982) report that for higher-status individuals, time talking is longer than time talking for lower-status individuals.","In contrast to Shelly et al. (1999) who examined discrete acts, we re ne the expectation states conceptualization of the fundamental interaction sequence to include the duration of the episode we identify as a speech.",", Bales 1950; Berger and Conner 1974; Burke 1971; Reynolds and Fisek 1972; Shelly et al. 1999; Smith-Lovin, Skvoretz, and Hudson 1986). In addition, social psychological theories suggest that the salience and consistency of social structure affect dynamics of interaction, including the way time is used by members of a group. That is, when the status structure is clear to interactants, for example, when positions of higher and lower are explicitly designated, then we should observe a rapid emergence of patterned interaction in terms of content of verbalizations, frequency of activity, interchange between actors, and duration of verbal activity. When an actor is advantaged in the group status structure, the actor is easily able to assert claims for chances to speak and to speak at length. Thus time, like content, frequency, and sequence, is an important conceptual variable in the study of interaction in groups from the standpoint of expectation states theorists. Time, however, has received little empirical attention in this tradition. One important exception is work by Reynolds and Fisek (1972) within the expectation states theoretical research program (e.","In contrast to Shelly et al. (1999) who examined discrete acts, we reŽne the expectation states conceptualization of the fundamental interaction sequence to include the duration of the episode we identify as a speech.","With the exception of Shelly et al. (1999), none of these earlier analyses incorporated the dimension of time.","It appears that the homogenizing effects of positive affect documented by Lovaglia and Houser (1996) and Shelly et al. (1999) may arise only from their effects on the advantaged actor.","In contrast to Shelly et al. (1999) who examined discrete acts, we reŽne the expectation states conceptualization of the fundamental interaction sequence to include the duration of the episode we identify as a speech. A speech corresponds to the total time an actor keeps the oor in any turn to talk, from the time she or he initiates activity until she or he relinquishes the oor to another actor. Thus speeches are episodes of interaction characterized by strings of acts initiated by an individual. We classify the content of speeches according to the categories of acts described above (i.e., action opportunities, performance outputs, positive evaluations, negative evaluations). For instance, an action opportunity might be composed of several action opportunities, each directed at a particular member of the group but strung together. An example of this would be when one group member polls others successively without pausing between queries so that the polled members can respond, for example: “Kelly, what do you think of this idea? Chris, do you have an opinion on this? and Terry how do you feel?” In this hypothetical example, the inquiring actor has strung together three action opportunities (one each to Kelly, Chris, and Terry) in a single turn of participation. Similarly, a performance output may consist of a series of acts strung together, with embedded pauses for emphasis of points being made by the speaker. Evaluations could also include multiple acts. In addition, speeches may involve multiple types of acts. For example, an actor may combine a performance output with an action opportunity in one utterance (e.g., “We need to think about the costs of this project; does any one else have other concerns?”). Extending expectation states theories of interaction to include the duration of speeches is a straightforward enterprise. We presume that the process described by Berger and Conner (1974) governs the behavior of members of initially undifferentiated groups.","Explanations of the dominance of higher-status actors and the deference of lower-status actors seem to imply frequency and duration as dependent variables of interest arising from social structure (e.g., Bales 1950; Berger and Conner 1974; Burke 1971; Reynolds and Fisek 1972; Shelly et al. 1999; Smith-Lovin, Skvoretz, and Hudson 1986).","The research reported here involves a reanalysis of data reported in Shelly (1993, 1996, 1997) that were also analyzed in Shelly and Munroe (1999); Shelly et al. (1999); and Shelly and Webster (1997).4 The data were collected in an experiment involving seven conditions.","In a more recent exploration of time, Shelly et al. (1999) demonstrated that analyses of the duration of social acts provide important insight on how different social structures (i.","In contrast to Shelly et al. (1999) who examined discrete acts, we reŽne the expectation states conceptualization of the fundamental interaction sequence to include the duration of the episode we identify as a speech. A speech corresponds to the total time an actor keeps the oor in any turn to talk, from the time she or he initiates activity until she or he relinquishes the oor to another actor. Thus speeches are episodes of interaction characterized by strings of acts initiated by an individual. We classify the content of speeches according to the categories of acts described above (i.e., action opportunities, performance outputs, positive evaluations, negative evaluations). For instance, an action opportunity might be composed of several action opportunities, each directed at a particular member of the group but strung together. An example of this would be when one group member polls others successively without pausing between queries so that the polled members can respond, for example: “Kelly, what do you think of this idea? Chris, do you have an opinion on this? and Terry how do you feel?” In this hypothetical example, the inquiring actor has strung together three action opportunities (one each to Kelly, Chris, and Terry) in a single turn of participation. Similarly, a performance output may consist of a series of acts strung together, with embedded pauses for emphasis of points being made by the speaker. Evaluations could also include multiple acts. In addition, speeches may involve multiple types of acts. For example, an actor may combine a performance output with an action opportunity in one utterance (e.g., “We need to think about the costs of this project; does any one else have other concerns?”). Extending expectation states theories of interaction to include the duration of speeches is a straightforward enterprise. We presume that the process described by Berger and Conner (1974) governs the behavior of members of initially undifferentiated groups. Individuals are given opportunities to perform by others in the group, their contributions are evaluated by those others, and performance expectations organize the interaction after this initial period of interaction. Individuals who receive high evaluations should get more chances to perform and receive more positive evaluations than those who receive low evaluations. Thus the content of speeches (especially early speeches) and the sequencing of the content in initially undifferentiated groups play an important role in organizing interaction in such groups. In groups characterized by initial status differences between the actors, however, we expect actors who are in positions of structural advantage to enjoy interaction advantages (i.e., more opportunities to perform and more positive evaluations). In these groups, it is the preexisting structural hierarchy that determines speech content and duration. With respect to the latter, Lefer, Gillespie, and Conaty (1982) report that for higher-status individuals, time talking is longer than time talking for lower-status individuals. Higher-status persons also claim more space than lower-status persons. LaFrance and Mayo (1978) and Lefer, Gillespie,"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["result"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"],null,["background"],["methodology"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":800644179,"citingcorpusid":30263855,"citedcorpusid":1201634,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the field, various synchronization schemes, such as Halanay inequality approach [13], adaptive control [14–15], linear coupling scheme [16], time-delay feedback control [17], impulsive control [18-26], and nonlinear feedback control [19], have been successfully applied to the synchronization of chaotic neural networks."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":279075379,"citingcorpusid":17107969,"citedcorpusid":119595307,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In [21], they gave another criteria to determine whether a given knot has the tunnel number one and whether it is a 1-bridge torus knot."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2877514853,"citingcorpusid":19589811,"citedcorpusid":39548231,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, our own analysis of complement genes argues against a primary role of complement factors in disease development (Olerup et al. 1991)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":946633575,"citingcorpusid":17209104,"citedcorpusid":129675160,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[", 2006; Hartmann, 2007b), however, and these production functions have been used on test areas with craters with diameters of 11 m (Hartmann et al., 2008).","…during the lifetime of Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) (Malin et al., 2006) do provide good fits to pre-existing production functions (Malin et al., 2006; Hartmann, 2007b), however, and these production functions have been used on test areas with craters with diameters of 11 m (Hartmann et al., 2008).",", 2006) has shown that crater densities can be reliable indicators of recent surface ages on Mars (Hartmann et al., 2008).","Map-\nping of the flux of small impacts that have occurred on Mars over the last decade (Malin et al., 2006) has shown that crater densities can be reliable indicators of recent surface ages on Mars (Hartmann et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2308047408,"citingcorpusid":131454778,"citedcorpusid":86028932,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…taphonomy, resulting in numerous recent articles from Brazilian (Erthal et al. 2011, 2014, 2015; Ritter et al. 2013, 2014), Argentinean (Hassan et al. 2008; Cristini and De Francesco 2012; Tietze and De Francesco 2012, 2014; Hassan 2015) and Uruguayan (Rojas et al. 2014) scientists (Figs.","…in a pioneering study on the compositional and environmental fidelity of diatoms in both estuarine (Hassan et al. 2008) and freshwater environments, Hassan (2015) demonstrated that poor live-dead fidelity of diatom species composition does not hamper the preservation of environmental gradients in…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1545193189,"citingcorpusid":198434854,"citedcorpusid":122087158,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The Type I error rate was therefore the proportion of replications in which the specified invariance models were mistakenly rejected as noninvariance (Kim et al., 2012; Jak et al., 2014).","In two simulation studies, Kim, Kwok, and Yoon (2012) compared the MMCFA approach and the multiple-group ordinary CFA, that is, the single-level approach without accounting for dependency, to detect the presence of one noninvariant factor loading simulated at the between level.","Testing MI under the multilevel context has faced many challenges and received\nincreasing attention (e.g., Kim et al., 2012; Ryu, 2014).","A few simulation studies showed that the cluster number had greater impact on admissible solution rates and power (Kim et al., 2012, Hox & Maas, 2001).","The numbers Kim et al. (2012) employed ranged from 30 to 160.","Researchers have worked on measurement invariance testing and multilevel modeling as separate domains in the past (Kim et al., 2012).","…of literature, only a few studies have explored options to test multilevel MI when the group of interest is either at the within level or the between level (e.g., Jak, Oort & Dolan, 2013; Jak, et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2012; Kim & Cao, 2015; Kim, Yoon, Wen, Luo & Kwok, 2015; Ryu, 2014; Ryu, 2015)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3457469179,"citingcorpusid":237431455,"citedcorpusid":119433480,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Fyodorov [Fyo04] and Fyodorov and Williams [FW07] also studied the mean complexity of a closely related model, using the Kac-Rice formula."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1545192800,"citingcorpusid":198434854,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Research has shown that a larger sample size led to more power to detect noninvariant parameters based on data-based local fit indices, and when using a backward approach, a correct model is more difficult to determine when many parameters are incorrectly constrained (e.g., Millsap, 2011).","Interested readers may refer to these articles (Millsap, 2011; Nye, Bradburn, Olenick, Bialko, & Drasgow, 2018; Nye & Drasgow, 2011) for various ways of quantifying the effect sizes in measurement noninvariance evaluations."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2584065445,"citingcorpusid":1776192,"citedcorpusid":13915234,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To our knowledge there has been only one effort to gather online affective annotations with a large set of participants [11]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2362320126,"citingcorpusid":128647241,"citedcorpusid":134152703,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Note that the lithofacies codes follow Evans & Benn (2004); please refer to the legend of Fig.","Relevant landforms were re-mapped, and in addition to sediment facies characterization, clast fabric analyses and clast covariance analyses were carried out (see Evans & Benn 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":523790774,"citingcorpusid":52986437,"citedcorpusid":112386719,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[19,20] developed NDT methods with advanced signal processing and machine learning techniques for timber poles, self-compacting concrete poles without steel reinforcement, and generic concrete poles without steel reinforcement.","[20] used Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) and PCA for extracting signal features when capturing single-mode stress waves for condition assessment."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4029700186,"citingcorpusid":255430863,"citedcorpusid":196813103,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Another point to keep in mind when patients with rheumatic autoantibody positivity are considered for ICI treatment is that the rheumatic-irAEs are often non-fatal and treatable [34-37]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":188446556,"citingcorpusid":32708456,"citedcorpusid":222276412,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Wakker, P.P., D.R.M. Timmermans, and I. Machielse, 2007, The effects of statistical information on risk and ambiguity attitudes, and on rational insurance decisions, Management Science 53(11): 1770-1784.","Several studies confirm that people prefer known risk to uncertainty (Casey and Scholz, 1991; Einhorn and Hogarth, 1985; Hogarth and Kunreuther, 1989; Curley and Yates, 1986; Frisch and Baron, 1988; Rode et al. (1999); Chow and Sarin (2001); Lauriola and Levin (2001); Pulford and Colman (2007 and…","Einhorn, H.J., and R.M. Hogarth, 1986, Decision making under ambiguity, The Journal of Business 59(4): S225-S250.","Einhorn, H. J., and R.M. Hogarth, 1985, Ambiguity and uncertainty in probabilistic inference, Psychological Review, 92(2): 433–461.","4\nEvidence on differences in attitude towards ambiguity across gains and losses can also be found in some earlier works by Einhorn and Hogarth (1985, 1986), Cohen et al. (1987), Kahn and Sarin\n1 MacCrimmon and Wherung (1986) provide an extensive early survey of the theoretical and empirical studies…"],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["background"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":3434214585,"citingcorpusid":237340283,"citedcorpusid":97961489,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The electrochemically active interface region is expected to extend a few micrometers from the electrolyte to the electrode and plays essential role in terms of the performance and durability of SOFCs [15,16].","891 (LSBC) is a typical electrolyte for ITSOFCs utilized and developed in our research group [24].","The electrochemically\nactive interface region is expected to extend a few micrometers from the electrolyte to the\nelectrode and plays essential role in terms of the performance and durability of SOFCs\n[15,16].","When using hydrocarbon fuels in a Ni-based anode of SOFCs, the major concerns are the anode catalyst coking and sulfur poisoning since H2S exists in most of fossil fuels.","75 LC)/LSBC/Pt compared with (BSNF-5 La)/LSBC/Pt at 650 ◦C measurement [72].\ne co osite cathodes used for IT-SOFCs have been proven as an excellent technique to achieve low polarization and high power.","The composite cathodes used for IT-SOFCs have been proven as an excellent tech-\nnique to achieve low polarization and high power."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":4050943668,"citingcorpusid":256422887,"citedcorpusid":97961489,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["From a conventional point of view toward electrochemistry devices, semiconductor materials possessing electronic conduction are extremely unfavorable in electrolytes for realizing normal operation of SOFCs, as the short circuit issue would cause serious OCV and power output losses when electrons transport from anode to the semiconductor phase [35, 36]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3775149655,"citingcorpusid":214382545,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Additionally, traffic demand may be largely affected by the weather, since the latter has a considerable impact on a series of humans decisions such as transport capital choice, trip distribution, trip cancellation or postponement; altering roadway users' valuation of actual transport costs and travel times [6] In addition, research on the weather effects of various modes of transportation has also been carried out, such as the transportation air [7], rail based transport [8], and ground vehicles [4,9] and everything is done in the country 4 seasons like countries in America and Europe."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3132331762,"citingcorpusid":225338077,"citedcorpusid":144236021,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In a study by Arnon and Reichel, students’ perceptions for the qualities of ideal teachers are leadership, kindness, subject matter knowledge and attitude toward profession (Arnon and Reichel, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":595844305,"citingcorpusid":56263044,"citedcorpusid":53625537,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Dikes may actually contribute to the formation of the axial graben if a significant proportion do not reach the seafloor, as is commonly observed in Iceland and Afar [Rubin and Pollard, 1988; Rubin, 1992] and has been proposed for the EPR [Hooft et al., 1996; Soule et al., 2009]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":586150216,"citingcorpusid":55493560,"citedcorpusid":113464416,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[",1992, Tabashnik, 1994) particularly in sub-tropical and tropical countries, where farmers tend to grow cabbage continuously and apply mixtures of chemical insecticides sometimes more than twice a week (Wright, 2004).","…pest has caused development of resistance (Shelton et al., 1993;, Tabashnik et al.,1992, Tabashnik, 1994) particularly in sub-tropical and tropical countries, where farmers tend to grow cabbage continuously and apply mixtures of chemical insecticides sometimes more than twice a week (Wright, 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1795025922,"citingcorpusid":211128956,"citedcorpusid":153521585,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Galinatto et al. (2011) assessing the economic potential of biochar in winter wheat crop, from production and use as soil conditioner to carbon stock estimates, concluded that depending on the market price of the product, biochar may be profitable and may yet, enter the carbon offset market."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2644814764,"citingcorpusid":7414590,"citedcorpusid":122899065,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["s [GM], [Bou] and [KLS] apply polynomial inequalities with different integral norms to study some problems of Convex Geometry (in particular, the famous Slice Problem). In the papers [B1], [B2], [BB], [G], [P] and [PP] and books [DS] and [JW] Chebyshev-Bernstein and related Markov type inequalities are used to explore a wide range of properties of the classical spaces of smooth functions including Sob"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":44553792,"citingcorpusid":35142131,"citedcorpusid":2869429,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Brenner et al [29] point out that computing power has increased 600-fold since the 1990s, making telemetry transmission where real-time data on the position, speed, pitch and yaw of rotor blades is continuously transmitted back to the radar, an inexpensive option for reducing clutter [30]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3698577120,"citingcorpusid":247440841,"citedcorpusid":86039699,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Hymenoptera, diptera, coleoptera, phytoseiid mites, coniopterigidae, or chrysopidae (Garcia-Marí 2012; Jacas and Urbaneja 2010; Martínez-Ferrer et al.","Hymenoptera, diptera, coleoptera, phytoseiid mites, coniopterigidae, or chrysopidae (Garcia-Marí 2012; Jacas and Urbaneja 2010; Martínez-Ferrer et al. 2015) are important regulators of citrus pests and, in many cases, it is not necessary to perform chemical treatments respecting these important pest/ natural enemies’ equilibria."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3387885178,"citingcorpusid":14946268,"citedcorpusid":52075622,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Approach: We describe an LP which solves this problem and use iterative relaxation with a counting argument to obtain a solution."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3249924717,"citingcorpusid":231934463,"citedcorpusid":23572577,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The traditional strategy of histologic examination provides the gold standard for MVI detection [4], while the fact that its diagnosis was based on biopsy or surgical samples greatly limited its value in preoperative evaluation [5].","For example, biopsy for confirmation of MVI has been proven unreliable [5], which is largely due to intratumoral heterogeneity, and could increase the risk of the tumor metastasis [29,30].","The finding is not unexpected since MVI itself is one of the most critical factors leading to HCC recurrence and a key marker that could help guide treatment selection [5,37–39]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2663154234,"citingcorpusid":221033978,"citedcorpusid":2603162,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["After each treatment was complete, we measured thermal susceptibility as the number of surviving flies after 72 hr at −5°C in a growth chamber (10L:14D; 25% RH; Kimura, 1988; Stockton et al., 2018).","In cool environments, arthropod larvae generally take longer to complete development than those of the same species reared at warmer temperatures (Holloway, Marriot, & Crocker, 1997; Kimura, 1988; Nyamaukondiwa, Terblanche, Marshall, & Sinclair, 2011).","In contrast, little to no intraspecific variation in climatic adaptation has been observed among species in the melanogaster species group despite a wide geographic range (Kimura, 1988)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3930361421,"citingcorpusid":209485424,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["upregulated in 67% of gastric cancer tissues (10/15), negatively regulates SMAD family member 4 (Smad4), and inhibits transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) induced gastric cancer cell growth arrest in vitro; thus, miR-199a5p plays a carcinogenic role in human gastric tumorigenesis and predicts potential therapeutic targets for future gastric cancer patients.(24) In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), miR-199a-5p is upregulated, which promotes the proliferation of cyst cells by inhibiting the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C)/p57 gene and plays a key role in the proliferation of cyst epithelial cells."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":447178242,"citingcorpusid":21420600,"citedcorpusid":23578566,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, re-perfusion injury may be avoided with enhanced O2 free radical scavenging, especially through elevated glutathione levels and increased activities of enzymes involved in glutathione recycling (Elsner et al., 1998; Vázquez-Medina et al., 2006; Vázquez-Medina et al., 2007; Zenteno-Savin et al., 2010).","…injury may be avoided with enhanced O2 free radical scavenging, especially through elevated glutathione levels and increased activities of enzymes involved in glutathione recycling (Elsner et al., 1998; Vázquez-Medina et al., 2006; Vázquez-Medina et al., 2007; Zenteno-Savin et al., 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1806541051,"citingcorpusid":211703105,"citedcorpusid":73635881,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Peoples’ eating habits have changed (Pretorius & Sliwa, 2011:179; Stupar et al., 2012:199), and the focus has moved from home-cooked meals to an increase in the consumption of fast foods, often obtained from amongst others, take-away facilities and street vendors.","…et al., 2010:644; De Brito-Ashurst et al., 2010:92; Lubman et al.,\n2012:398; Rothman et al., 2006:392; Viswanathan et al., 2009:135);\n Language (Van Biljon & Jansen van Rensburg, 2011:9552; Viswanathan et al.,\n2009:135); and numeracy skills (Viswanathan et al., 2009:135);\n Dietary beliefs…","The barriers that consumers may experience as identified in literature include:\n Lack of knowledge regarding salt (Bandura, 2004; Kamran et al., 2014:4; Pretorius &\nSliwa, 2011:5);\n Low-literacy (Brennan et al., 2010:644; De Brito-Ashurst et al., 2010:92; Lubman et al.,\n2012:398; Rothman et al., 2006:392; Viswanathan et al., 2009:135);\n Language (Van Biljon & Jansen van Rensburg, 2011:9552; Viswanathan et al.,\n2009:135); and numeracy skills (Viswanathan et al., 2009:135);\n Dietary beliefs about the use of salt (De Brito-Ashurst et al., 2010:92);\n Taste for salt (De Brito-Ashurst et al., 2010:92, 93; Wentzel-Viljoen et al., 2013:s110);\n10\n Behavioural factors such as the discretionary use of salt in food (De Brito-Ashurst et al.,\n2010:87, 89; Kamran et al., 2015:6);\n Difficulty and unwillingness to change salt-related behaviour (De Brito-Ashurst et al.,\n2010:87, 89; Newson et al., 2013);\n Socio-economic factors such as a lack of money (Mungal-Singh, 2014:26; Pretorius &\nSliwa, 2011:5; Van Biljon & Jansen van Rensburg, 2011:9552);\n Social norms and opinions of friends (De Brito-Ashurst et al., 2010:92; Eksteen &\nMungal-Singh, 2015:11);\n Trust of nutritional information (Wills et al., 2012:233); and\n Liking of labels (Feunekes et al., 2008:59).","…Brito-Ashurst et al.,\n2010:87, 89; Newson et al., 2013);\n Socio-economic factors such as a lack of money (Mungal-Singh, 2014:26; Pretorius &\nSliwa, 2011:5; Van Biljon & Jansen van Rensburg, 2011:9552);\n Social norms and opinions of friends (De Brito-Ashurst et al., 2010:92; Eksteen…","…179 Annexure J Proof of Language editing……………………………………………………………..190 Annexure K Turnitin report…………………………………………………..……………………....191 Annexure L Ethical approval………………………………………………...……………………….192 Annexure M Memorandum of understanding: Research in the Phokwane municipality…….193 Annexure N Tables for Cluster analysis, Factor analysis, Correlations, ANOVA\nand T-Tests……………………………………………………………………………..195\n1","The traditional diet of rural consumers, which is low in fat, high in unrefined carbohydrates, and consists of fibrous and leafy green vegetables such as spinach, is regarded as relatively healthy and is associated with a lower occurrence of CVDs (Bourne et al., 2002:157; Pretorius & Sliwa, 2011:181)."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["background"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":945880808,"citingcorpusid":11077508,"citedcorpusid":59683979,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The idea of a psychological reality of the syllable as a sublexical processing unit contrasts with Seidenberg’s conception of visual word recognition processes (Seidenberg, 1987; Seidenberg & McClelland, 1989)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3952855154,"citingcorpusid":252695873,"citedcorpusid":205152231,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["butzleri, most strains (87%) were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (MIC90 32mg/L), while moderate levels (36%) of resistance to doxycycline (MIC90 4mg/L) were reported [22].","Diarrhoea in rural children, )ailand (93) Not stated [11] Gastrointestinal symptoms campylobacter-like infections, France (29) 2 treated with oral (PO) fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin), 1 treated with PO co-amoxiclav [17] Enteritis (46), of which 19 had acute gastroenteritis, 30 had co-existing conditions and 8 had chronic colitis, Belgium Not stated [22]"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1195853939,"citingcorpusid":195183329,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["019, respectively), which was in accordance with previous study [18]."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":3217776776,"citingcorpusid":229435371,"citedcorpusid":128607116,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…al., 2011; Scorpio et al., 2015; Lestel et al., 2018), bed degradation and floodplain aggradation rates (Steiger et al., 2001; Downs et al., 2013; Arnaud et al., 2015), riparian vegetation patterns (Cadol et al., 2011; Belletti et al., 2013; Kui et al., 2017; Safran et al., 2017), and landscape…",", 2018), bed degradation/floodplain aggradation rates (Steiger et al., 2001; Downs et al., 2013; Arnaud et al., 2015), riparian vegetation patterns (Cadol et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3863174916,"citingcorpusid":229435371,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Following Roux et al. (1989) and Habersack and Piégay (2008), comparative analyses of river changes, notably in Europe, have become a critical issue for addressing a series of questions of interest to geographers, historians, engineers, ecologists, geologists, and geochemists.","…major hydromorphological modifications such as incision and armouring, disconnection of secondary channels, floodplain terrestrialization, and subsequent loss of ecological functionalities (Roux et al., 1989; Amoros and Bornette, 2002; Parrot,\nhttps://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1939-2021 Earth Syst.","The historical dataset is also valuable to explore longer-term ecological succession, such as\ninitiated by Bravard et al. (1986) and Roux et al. (1989) on the upper Rhône section.","On the margins of the floodplain, a few hardwood forests of Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus robur, and Acer pseudoplatanus escaped land clearances for pasture, subsistence agriculture, and firewood cutting (Roux et al., 1989)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":342350973,"citingcorpusid":44222587,"citedcorpusid":8957402,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["They improved the result of [5] by establishing exponential stability for g decaying exponentially and h linear and polynomial stability for g decaying polynomially and h nonlinear.","Our choice of the ‘Lyapunov’ functional, which was first introduced in [2], made our proof straightforward and easier than the one in [5,6].","Their proof, based on the use of piecewise multipliers, is similar to the one in [5].","Though both results in [2,6] improve the earlier one in [5], the approaches as well as the functionals used, are different.","[5] studied the following equation: utt − u + ∫ t"],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3465961721,"citingcorpusid":231664347,"citedcorpusid":13674197,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Around 42% of pre/peri-menopausal women report poor sleep quality (Jones et al., 2018), and approximately 53% of women during the peri-menopause period report short sleep duration (Matsumoto et al., 2018)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":242074445,"citingcorpusid":13143092,"citedcorpusid":129233481,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The result of this pattern in upwelling was a decrease in recruitment for invertebrates (barnacles and mussels) and rockfishes, as well as the collapse of many seabird populations (Pierce et al. 2006; Barth et al. 2007).","The result of this pattern in upwelling was a decrease in recruitment for invertebrates (barnacles and mussels) and\nrockfishes, as well as the collapse of many seabird populations (Pierce et al. 2006; Barth et al. 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2709179582,"citingcorpusid":110283463,"citedcorpusid":13435004,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The slice thus obtained after offsetting and merging is passed for mesh generation in order to achieve the zigzag tool path segments [25–27]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":848490036,"citingcorpusid":51756468,"citedcorpusid":29691332,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["When arrays span a full 360° circle (Laszig et al. 2004; Laske et al. 2009), much larger errors result from the large number of front-back confusions because ILDs are similar for sources to the front or rear of the listener (see Fig.","Results demonstrate various benefits from bilateral implant use (e.g., Summerfield et al. 2006; Laske et al. 2009; Litovsky et al. 2006c; Tyler et al. 2009; Veekmans et al. 2009), particularly in relation to spatial hearing, although less so for elderly listeners (Noble et al. 2009).","…et al. (2002), Laszig et al. (2004), Schleich et al. (2004), Ramsden et al. (2005), Litovsky et al. (2006c), Buss et al. (2008), Koch et al. (2009), Laske et al. (2009) (O = Oldenburg Sentence SRTs, H = HSM Sentences at fixed SNR), and Litovsky et al. (2009)\nMultiple Interferer Studies\nRicketts et…","Results demonstrate various benefits from bilateral implant use (e.g., Summerfield et al. 2006; Laske et al. 2009; Litovsky et al. 2006c; Tyler et al. 2009; Veekmans et al. 2009), particularly in relation to spatial hearing, although less so for elderly listeners (Noble et al.","…outcomes range from no benefit to slightly over 10 percentage points (pp) (e.g., Gantz et al. 2002, 6 pp; Müller et al. 2002, 11 pp; Laszig et al. 2004, 0 pp and 4 pp; Tyler et al. 2007, 4 pp; Wackym et al. 2007, 12 pp; Buss et al. 2008, 12 pp; Laske et al. 2009, 0 pp; Mosnier et al. 2009, 10 pp)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":270605023,"citingcorpusid":10912342,"citedcorpusid":1486793,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The approach of recording and replaying a website, used in many of those, misses out on unreplayable parts of a download, and does not expose the variability across many downloads of the same page due to personalization, localization and dynamic content [14, 11].","Much prior attention has focused on the impact of network conditions on HTTP/2 [7, 11, 14].","Unlike prior work [7, 11, 14], our data consists of detailed timing breakdowns for the base page and each embedded resource from real clients."],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":310093422,"citingcorpusid":17337756,"citedcorpusid":24083428,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["miRNAs play major roles in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and many important cellular processes [10–12]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3332538029,"citingcorpusid":213161813,"citedcorpusid":153499372,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["According to Copeland, 1968 in (W. Utami, 2005) earnings management includes management efforts to maximize or minimize earnings including earnings equipment in accordance\n2020 EPRA IJMR | www.eprajournals.com | Journal DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2013\nwith management's wishes.","To find out whether there is earnings management, (W. Utami, 2005) reveals the measurement of accruals is very important to note.","Earnings management is proxied based on the ratio of working capital accruals to sales (Utami, 2005).","Copeland, 1968 (Utami, 2005) defines earnings management as \"the same ability to increase or decrease reported net income at will\", this means that earnings management includes management efforts to maximize or minimize earnings including earnings equipment in accordance with management desires .","The use of working capital accruals is more appropriate as has been reviewed by (W. Utami, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":849128325,"citingcorpusid":16805259,"citedcorpusid":84854055,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…catalyze hydrolysis of peptide bonds in aqueous environments, but under water-restricted organic conditions, reaction equilibria shift in favor of synthesis , creating pathways for synthesizing novel compounds like peptides and esters (Kumar and Bhalla 2005; Maruyama et al. 2002; Xu et al. 2010).","The use of organic solvents as reaction media for enzymatic reactions provide numerous industrially attractive advantages such as high regio-and stereo-selectivity and minimal side-chain protection requirements (Kumar and Bhalla 2005) in comparision to traditional aqueous chemical reaction systems."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":849127955,"citingcorpusid":16805259,"citedcorpusid":46386536,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…catalyze hydrolysis of peptide bonds in aqueous environments, but under water-restricted organic conditions, reaction equilibria shift in favor of synthesis , creating pathways for synthesizing novel compounds like peptides and esters (Kumar and Bhalla 2005; Maruyama et al. 2002; Xu et al. 2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":849128406,"citingcorpusid":16805259,"citedcorpusid":137174792,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The decrease in enzyme production at higher JSC concentrations may be attributed to increased medium viscosity resulting in poor oxygen transfer into the medium, which might have altered bacterial metabolism and consequently decreased enzyme production (Schügerl 1981 )."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3726602673,"citingcorpusid":248288763,"citedcorpusid":24083428,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Other miRNAs, such as miR-223 [48], miR-29b [49], miR-29c [50], miR-17-92 [51], miR-124 [52], miR-210 [53], miR-139-5p [54], miR-let-7c-5p [55], miR-107 [56], miR-207 [57], miR-335 [58], miR-22 [59], miR-9 [60], miR-378 [61], miR-122 [62], miR-210 [63], miR-455 [64], and miR-363 [65], can also reduce infarction volume and improve outcomes in animal models through various mechanisms."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3218290667,"citingcorpusid":204851105,"citedcorpusid":6119697,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":746168,"citingcorpusid":13914951,"citedcorpusid":37185122,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Restored fitness has previously been associated with reversion in S. aureus SCV isolates with point mutations as the resistance conferring mutation (Lannergård et al., 2008; Dean et al., 2014).","aureus SCV isolates with point mutations as the resistance conferring mutation (Lannergård et al., 2008; Dean et al., 2014).","…chemical inhibition of the electron transport chain (Hoffman et al., 2006; McCollister et al., 2011) or via mutations in the pathways for menaquinone and hemin biosynthesis (Schaaff et al., 2003; von Eiff et al., 2006; Lannergård et al., 2008, 2011; Mayfield et al., 2013; Dean et al., 2014).",", 2011) or via mutations in the pathways for menaquinone and hemin biosynthesis (Schaaff et al., 2003; von Eiff et al., 2006; Lannergård et al., 2008, 2011; Mayfield et al., 2013; Dean et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3763493669,"citingcorpusid":243125076,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(Cortés, 2018; Watzlawick, Weakland, & Fisch, 1995; Wittezaele & García, 1994).","Para el proceso de coaching lo asociamos al concepto de innovación disruptiva acorde a la definición\nde Christensen, (2015), donde se la describe como “un proceso de alto impacto por medio de una aplicación sencilla” (Cortés, 2018).","…términos circulares y busca el cambio con un foco en el aquí y ahora, con proyección de futuro” (Anger-Díaz et al., 2005; Watzlawick et al., 1995 en Cortés, 2018)laying emphasis on what has been the authors’ experience when applying the Brief Therapy model as developed at MRI to a culturally…"],"intents":[null,["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3720898857,"citingcorpusid":248087748,"citedcorpusid":20538479,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We also took advantage of two techniques already used successfully in zebrafish to kill all macrophages at 48 hpf: clodronate-filled liposomes injection in the blood flow (Bernut et al., 2014), and metronidazole (Mtz) treatment of"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3087732256,"citingcorpusid":209713515,"citedcorpusid":20538479,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In addition, microinjections of the different strains were done in the zebrafish embryo, an animal model previously developed to study the early events of theM. abscessus infection (Bernut et al., 2014, 2015).","Mais ce modèle a\négalement permis de découvrir chez les deux morphotypes un tropisme neuronal (Bernut et al.\n2014).","…S. Leur absence chez le variant R\nprovoque la formation de « cordes », qui sont en réalitéles structures serpentines observées en\npériphérie des colonies sur milieu solide et qui affectent fortement la virulence de ce morphotype\n(Howard et al. 2006)(Bernut et al. 2014)(Halloum et al. 2016).","Embryos were infected\nintravenously the wild-type smooth (S) (350 CFU), rough (R) (220 CFU) or MAB_4384(M1A)\nmutant (280 CFU) strains expressing tdTomato as reported earlier (Bernut et al., 2014, 2015).","Cependant les bacilles se répliquent trop\nrapidement et de manière anarchique dans le milieu extracellulaire formant alors des cordes\ndémesurées empêchant de nouvelles phagocytoses (Bernut et al. 2014)(Figure 10, partie de droite).","L’échelle est ici de 1 mm (Adapté de Bernut et al. 2014)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3294681653,"citingcorpusid":232327580,"citedcorpusid":20538479,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2677404872,"citingcorpusid":93942847,"citedcorpusid":11804640,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":279883431,"citingcorpusid":4824583,"citedcorpusid":98278125,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["8825\nClO2 dosage has a great influence on AOX formation (Tarvo et al. 2010).","Referring to chemical reaction kinetics and the basis of existing research (Tarvo et al. 2010; Nie et al. 2014), the kinetic model for AOX formation during the ClO2 bleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulp can be expressed as Eq."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":451284330,"citingcorpusid":28939959,"citedcorpusid":205343943,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3426623108,"citingcorpusid":237278100,"citedcorpusid":46802287,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["They encompass a wide range of communities typically including people with Parkinson’s (PD) [135], Dementia [118], Dysarthria [67], Alzheimer’s [98], Aphasia [117], Huntington’s (HD) [126], Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) [81], Episodic Memory Impairment [107], Ataxia [87], or Bipolar disorder [69].","compass a wide range of communities typically including people with Parkinson’s (PD) [135], Dementia [118], Dysarthria [67], Alzheimer’s [98], Aphasia [117], Huntington’s (HD) [126], Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) [81], Episodic Memory Impairment [107], Ataxia [87], or Bipolar disorder [69]."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":934958659,"citingcorpusid":45860873,"citedcorpusid":29052184,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The effect of SNPs in the rhizosphere was less than that in sewage waste water, it is likely to be attributed to the presence of humic substances which decreases the bioavailability of heavy metals in general (Sjöblom et al. 2000) and SNPs in specific (Kim et al."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1935893508,"citingcorpusid":218477472,"citedcorpusid":20295899,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1683765244,"citingcorpusid":208628184,"citedcorpusid":30368341,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although it may be indicative of a proximal stenosis, this technique still awaits standardization.(12-21) The purpose of this initial report is to create a new parameter, very similar to ABI, by calculating the femoro-axillary volume flow (VF) ratio with the DUS, and discuss its applicability as a new index for the hemodynamic significance of an aorto-iliac obstructive lesion."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2350728345,"citingcorpusid":3982429,"citedcorpusid":205521136,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This tumor cell line secretes IL-6 12 and TNF-α (Graves et al., 2006) and does not metastasize when injected subcutaneously 13 (Okayama et al., 2009).",", 2006) and does not metastasize when injected subcutaneously (Okayama et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":983320261,"citingcorpusid":6816508,"citedcorpusid":25793488,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For the AR, nonsteroidal antagonists (antiandrogens) are now used clinically (McLeod, 1993); however, nonsteroidal agonists (androgens) have just recently been reported by our laboratories as well as others (Dalton et al., 1998; Edwards et al., 1998; Edwards et al., 1999; Hamann et al., 1999;…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2571894803,"citingcorpusid":25767875,"citedcorpusid":20368624,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However, in BeWo cells, silencing BCRP did not alter intracellular levels of protoporphyrin IX after exposure to TNF-a and IFN-g [42].","BCRP is also expressed on the luminal membrane of fetal endothelial cells in terminal and intermediate villi [42].","Similar to Pgp, decreased placental expression of BCRP (mRNA) was observed in pregnancies with idiopathic FGR [42].","Interestingly, decreased expression of ABCB1 mRNA was observed in placentae complicated by idiopathic fetal growth restriction (FGR) compared to controls [42]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1957053331,"citingcorpusid":97630063,"citedcorpusid":11726823,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Kleinman et al. (2002b) examined manure-to-water extraction ratio and shaking time effects on WEP in dairy, poultry, and swine manures and found that WEP concentrations increased with increasing dry matter/distilled water ratios, likely due to dissolution of calcium (Ca) phosphates at the greater…","…is similar to that reported for manures 1 to 14 in Table 2 and is consistent with the idea that more dissolution of slowly soluble P compounds in the manures occurs at the greater extraction ratios or with longer shaking times (Kleinman et al. 2002b; Chapuis-Lardy et al. 2003; Haggard et al. 2005).","Pre-analysis handling procedures have been shown to affect manure WEP determinations (Kleinman et al. 2002b, 2007; Chapuis-Lardy et al. 2003; Dou et al. 2003; Baum et al. 2006; Vadas and Kleinman 2006).","Previous work (Kleinman et al. 2002b, 2007; Chapuis-Lardy et al. 2003; Haggard et al. 2005) also showed increasing WEP concentrations with increasing manure/extractant ratios.","A variety of extraction procedures and pre-analysis manure handling methods have been used in previously reported manure WEP measurements (Kleinman et al. 2002b, 2007; Chapuis-Lardy et al. 2003; Haggard et al. 2005; Studnicka 2005; Baum et al. 2006; Vadas and Kleinman 2006).","Although previous studies have included a 1:10 manure/water ratio for WEP extraction (Kleinman et al. 2002b, 2007; Felton et al. 2004; Leytem et al. 2004; Vadas et al. 2005; Baum et al. 2006), extracts of dairy manures prepared using this ratio in our laboratory were impossible to filter…","Vadas et al. (2004) evaluated previous manure WEP extraction ratio studies by Dou et al. (2000, 2002) and Kleinman et al. (2002a) and concluded that a reasonable estimate of manure WEP could be obtained using a 1: 250 manure/water ratio and a shaking time of 60 min.","Using the runoff box technique, Kleinman et al. (2002b) reported good relationships between manure WEP concentrations and runoff DRP concentrations, while Vadas et al. (2004) found that WEP measurements in manures were not well related to DRP concentrations in runoff where manures were surface…","Kleinman et al. (2002b) reported a direct relationship between manure waterextractable P (WEP) and runoff dissolved reactive P (DRP)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],null,["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2552873140,"citingcorpusid":25570183,"citedcorpusid":31884700,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["FGF10 is also detected within the oocyte (Buratini et al. 2007).","Oocytes also contain FGF10 transcripts (Buratini et al. 2007).\nwww.reproduction-online.org\nThe IgG treatments used for this work likely targeted the oocyte-derived FGF10 and any residual thecal-derived FGF10 that remained bound to extracellular matrix within COCs.","DOI: 10.1530/REP-10-0190\nOnline version via www.reproduction-online.org\nFGF7 and FGF10 are produced by thecal cells in cattle (Parrott & Skinner 1998, Buratini et al. 2007), and their primary receptor partner, FGF receptor 2b (FGFR2b), presides on granulosa cells (Buratini et al. 2007).","In addition, intraovarian FGF10 mRNA concentrations are greater in healthy, growing bovine follicles than in follicles undergoing atresia (Buratini et al. 2007).","In situ hybridization work in bovine follicles found copious amounts of FGF10 mRNA in thecal cells and immunoreactive FGF10 protein throughout the thecal and granulosa layers (Buratini et al. 2007).","Blocking endogenous FGF10 action during oocyte maturation reduces subsequent embryo development\nThecal cells are the predominant source for FGF10 in bovine follicles but the oocyte also produces FGF10 in antral follicles (Buratini et al. 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1718034907,"citingcorpusid":209178982,"citedcorpusid":92256712,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Insect and its products have been proven to provide significant protective effect to organs particularly the liver and kidney during toxicant/stress or parasite induced damages in animals [19]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":929067634,"citingcorpusid":8519741,"citedcorpusid":263756,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recent studies of speciation have examined closely the influence of ecological factors on the process of genetic divergence among populations under varying degrees of spatial isolation and gene flow (Nosil et al. 2006; Thorpe et al. 2008; Berner et al. 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":60932208,"citingcorpusid":39883524,"citedcorpusid":210209,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The SBH algorithm is (ǫ, δ)-differentially private [6,12].","1], [11], slightly modifies the online version of the algorithm proposed in [12], and generates a differentially private synthetic dataset (approximately) answering all point functions qy, where y ∈ X .","2 Privacy and Utility of the SBH Algorithm The privacy of the SBH algorithm is established in the following theorem whose proof we reproduce from [6, 12] for completeness.","Algorithm 1: Stability-based Histogram [6, 11, 12] Input: Domain X , dataset D ∈ X, parameters ǫ and δ.","Algorithm 1: Stability-based Histogram [6, 11, 12]\nInput: Domain X , dataset D ∈ Xn, parameters ǫ and δ. 1 Initialize Dout ← ∅."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":549494132,"citingcorpusid":54193831,"citedcorpusid":130080772,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Comparing the laboratory test results on soil permeability conducted by Sathananthan and Indraratna (2006), Hird and Moseley (2000) and Indraratna and Redana (1998), the plastic shear strain normalized by the\nrigidity index, 3 / r f I G q= , can be used to characterize\nthe extent of smear zone…"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1843045130,"citingcorpusid":182497656,"citedcorpusid":141029725,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Second, as a trained scientist it would have been particularly clear to Revans that knowledge is power (Henry 2017)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":297643713,"citingcorpusid":21935862,"citedcorpusid":31560159,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Both Slovis and Connor state that pyelonephritis is \"the cause\" of renal scar-\nring or PIN (post-infectious nephropathy).","The three articles by Drs. Slovis [1], Connor [2] and Seigle and Nash [3] spurred a lively discussion among my colleagues in the pediatric imaging section.","Slovis [1], Connor [2] and Seigle and Nash [3] spurred a lively discussion among my colleagues in the pediatric imaging section.","Connor JP (1995) DMSA scanning: a pediatric urologist's point of view."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2455403597,"citingcorpusid":34268951,"citedcorpusid":12278980,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…neuronal cell loss occurs from E8-E13, with\nneuronal number stabilizing after E14 (Landmesser and Pilar, 1974; Lee et al, 2001); therefore, we\ncounted the number of ciliary and choroid neurons\nfrom saline and dTC-treated embryos at E14 using\ndesign-based stereology (Hruska et al., 2007).","For example, blocking a7 containing receptors with abtx or MLA rescues ciliary ganglion neurons from cell death (Bunker and Nishi, 2002; Hruska et al., 2007), while non-specific blockers of nicotinic signaling such as chlorisondamine (Wright, 1981) and pempidine (Maderdrut et al.","Choroid neurons are cholinergic, unmyelinated, innervate the vasculature of the choroid, and are distinguished from ciliary neurons by the expression of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (DeStefano et al., 1993; Bunker and Nishi, 2002; Hruska et al., 2007).","For example, blocking a7 containing receptors with abtx or MLA rescues ciliary ganglion neurons from cell death (Bunker and\nNishi, 2002; Hruska et al., 2007), while non-specific blockers of nicotinic signaling such as chlorisond-\namine (Wright, 1981) and pempidine (Maderdrut et\nal., 1988) in…","Virus was collected, concentrated, and titered as previously described (Morgan and Fekete, 1996; Lee et al., 2001; Hruska et al., 2007).","Both populations undergo a period of cell loss between E8-14 that is mediated by signaling through a7 containing nicotinic receptors (nAChRs; Hruska et al., 2007) as well as trophic interactions with targets.","In the ciliary ganglion, target-dependent neuronal cell loss occurs from E8-E13, with neuronal number stabilizing after E14 (Landmesser and Pilar, 1974; Lee et al, 2001); therefore, we counted the number of ciliary and choroid neurons from saline and dTC-treated embryos at E14 using design-based stereology (Hruska et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1120275199,"citingcorpusid":147652227,"citedcorpusid":142726957,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…paradigm, particularly among those researchers who view identity as largely a narrative, discursive and social construction, postmodern thinking is a reminder to the importance of plurality and humility, and so it is unwise to completely forsake the possibility for structures (Fowler, 1996).","Fowler (1996) noted that we do a disservice to dismiss all developmental change as cultural constructions.","Last, while Fowler (1996) has included the importance of narrative influences in his later work, Day argued that this emphasis on narrativity is only a surface interest while his structuralist goal of finding fixed stages remains paramount, even in the process of the interview itself, which tacitly…","science paradigm, particularly among those researchers who view identity as largely a narrative, discursive and social construction, postmodern thinking is a reminder to the importance of plurality and humility, and so it is unwise to completely forsake the possibility for structures (Fowler, 1996)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1134349665,"citingcorpusid":151016060,"citedcorpusid":153427845,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Contingency theory has been used along with crisis response theories like SCCT in multiple studies examining companies experiencing crisis (Chang et al., 2012; Hwang & Cameron, 2008; Pang, Jin, & Cameron, 2010; Park, 2008; Ye & Pang, 2011).","…of defending self-interests and persuading other parties to look favorably upon the organization,” while using the strategy of accommodation, on the other hand, indicates that the practitioner is willing to use “cooperation with the aim of satisfying the other’s concerns” (Ye & Pang, 2011, p. 252)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2811155649,"citingcorpusid":130687109,"citedcorpusid":4368261,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3147657960,"citingcorpusid":218470929,"citedcorpusid":10346082,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…(CRISPRi), which uses a catalytically inactive Cas9 endonuclease (dCas9) that retains the ability to be targeted by single guide (sg)RNAs and acts as a road block for RNA polymerase II (Gilbert et al. 2013), as our attempts of using RNAi with siRNAs were unsuccessful in BJAB-B1 lymphocytes.","To this end, we knocked down ANG by CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), which uses a catalytically inactive Cas9 endonuclease (dCas9) that retains the ability to be targeted by single guide (sg)RNAs and acts as a road block for RNA polymerase II (Gilbert et al. 2013), as our attempts of using RNAi with siRNAs were unsuccessful in BJAB-B1 lymphocytes."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1943428763,"citingcorpusid":76315977,"citedcorpusid":24728661,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The rate of informal consultations in our study is higher than that reported earlier by Campbell and Delva(16) as well as Rennert et al.(7) Informal consultations appear to be commoner than formal care, usually in the form of corridor consultations.","Informal consultations appear to be commoner than formal care, usually in the form of corridor consultations.(7,16,17) Informal consultations (such as on the corridor, over the phone or even in the colleague’s home) are inappropriate, unprofessional, lack objectivity, and may lead to wrong diagnosis, unsatisfactory quality of care, ineffective treatment and worsening of the illness with dangerous consequences.","Many studies have also shown that when doctors experience ill health, they ignore the advice they offer to their patients.(6,7) Consequently, the medical community has developed a culture in which working through illness and selftreating is the norm.","Our findings confirm previous reports that doctors are usually perturbed when they adopt the role of patient and they often jettison the advice they offer to their patients when they themselves experience ill health.2,14,15 The rate of informal consultations in our study is higher than that reported earlier by Campbell and Delva16 as well as Rennert et al.7 Informal consultations appear to be commoner than formal care, usually in the form of corridor consultations.7,16,17 Informal consultations (such as on the corridor, over the phone or even in the colleague’s home) are inappropriate, unprofessional, lack objectivity, and may lead to wrong diagnosis, unsatisfactory quality of care, ineffective treatment and worsening of the illness with dangerous consequences."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2981593960,"citingcorpusid":221999377,"citedcorpusid":11915082,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Bidirectional transformation (BX) [11, 17] is a useful mechanism for data synchronization, which will be used for synchronization of source and view models.","bidirectional model transformations [11]."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":4116694496,"citingcorpusid":258893644,"citedcorpusid":37999951,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1792190323,"citingcorpusid":5664298,"citedcorpusid":34822556,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Caesarean section was more in latent phase compared to active phase of labor group in this study and other similar studies done in Iran, USA and Ethiopia [4,7,11].","Evidence demonstrates that management of early labor has an impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes, in which women who are admitted in the active phase of labor at 4cms or more cervical dilatation experience less interventions and complications than those admitted in the latent phase of labor with 3cms cervical dilatation or less [4].","However, these findings are different from the study done in Iran which found that the rate of oxytocin augmentation was similar in both groups [4].","Regarding mode of delivery, studies in Bangladesh and Ethiopia found that normal vaginal delivery was significantly higher in active"],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["result"],null]}
{"citationid":3037418561,"citingcorpusid":121059809,"citedcorpusid":116983611,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3391493691,"citingcorpusid":236298056,"citedcorpusid":25431511,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…functioning; role changes; and challenges to core values and resources in families (Brooks, 1991; Christensen et al., 1997; Degeneffe, 2001; Dell Orto & Power, 2000; Florian et al., 1989; Kosciulek & Lustig, 1999; Lezak, 1988; Mauss-Clum & Ryan, 1981; Townsend & Norman, 2018; Webster et al., 1999).","Predominantly, the literature has consistently reported ramifications of ABI on families as negative; with prolonged exposure to stress and strain and harmful effects on families’ social, emotional, structural, and financial functioning; role changes; and challenges to core values and resources in families (Brooks, 1991; Christensen et al., 1997; Degeneffe, 2001; Dell Orto & Power, 2000; Florian et al., 1989; Kosciulek & Lustig, 1999; Lezak, 1988; Mauss-Clum & Ryan, 1981; Townsend & Norman, 2018; Webster et al., 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2009009432,"citingcorpusid":210133373,"citedcorpusid":3543108,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A number of neurophysiological findings, such as the degree or atypical distribution of conduction velocities slowing, or the presence of conduction blocks may be associated both with acquired and genetic neuropathies.6,7 Focal conduction blocks, although uncommon, have been reported in hereditary neuropathies, such as CMT1B8 (proximal conduction block in the brachial plexus, patient 1), CMTX9 (proximal conduction block in median nerve at forearm, patient 8), and CMT1C.10 Conduction blocks in CMT may be related to marked hypoexcitability of nerves but superimposed inflammation cannot certainly be excluded.","Given the neurophysiological and ultrasound findings suggesting a possible underlying hereditary condition, MLPA analysis was performed revealing PMP22 duplication (CMT1A).","Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) performed on an Ion Torrent PGM system (ThermoFisher Scientific) with two custom panels including 103 genes associated with CMT and CMT-related neuropathies (Data S1, online supplementary material) revealed a heterozygous c.2594A > G variant in the MARS gene (NM_004990.","NGS analysis with a 43 genes custom panel disclosed heterozygous transversion c.570G > C in HSPB1 gene (NM_001540) leading to a p.(Gln190His) substitution (usually associated to CMT2F or distal HMN2B, not with a demyelinating condition like the one observed in our patient).","Moreover, they may also be observed in patients without CIDP(6) and in demyelinating CMT.(25-27) However, it is well known that CSF protein values may be normal in patients with the distal CIDP variant (Distal Acquired Demyelinating Symmetric polyradiculoneuropathy) or with Lewis-Sumner syndrome, regardless of the age.","6) predicting to abolish a splicing acceptor site, associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 1B (CMT1B).","Subjective benefits are reported also in conditions different from CIDP.6 However, patients with CMT1A and concomitant CIDP responsive to immunomodulatory therapies have been described.29-33 Overlap syndromes should be considered especially in those CMT patients with acute/subacute deterioration or proximal involvement.","Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis for copy number variation detection disclosed the common 1,5-Mb duplication of PMP22 leading to CMT type 1A diagnosis.","Non-uniform slowing of conduction velocities, conduction blocks, and temporal dispersion, together with pathological features resembling those of CIDP were also observed in patients with CMT4J.11 Moreover, hereditary amyloidosis caused by TTR gene mutations may be misdiagnosed with CIDP, especially in cases with late onset, absent family history, and lack of dysautonomia and heart involvement.12-17 TTR amyloidosis may show demyelinating features18 fulfilling the EFNS/PNS criteria.2 Clinical (pain, dysautonomia, proximal sensory loss, and upper limb weakness) and neurophysiological features (ulnar nerve motor amplitude  5.4 mV and sural nerve amplitude  3.95 uV) may help in the differential diagnosis.","Two AmpliSeq custum panel were designed to sequence the coding regions of CMT and CMT-related genes.","Sanger sequencing disclosed two novel variants of GJB1 gene (NM_000166) in the coding region: c.124A > G p.(Ser42Gly) and c.176G > A(p.(Gly59Asp), with diagnosis of CMTX.\nPatient 9 is a 77-year-old man, with 4-years progressive sensory symptoms at four limbs.","Increased CSF proteins with leukocyte count  10/mm3 are common but not constant in CIDP, and represent a supportive criterion.2 Moreover, they may also be observed in patients without CIDP6 and in demyelinating CMT.25-27 However, it is well known that CSF protein values may be normal in patients with the distal CIDP variant (Distal Acquired Demyelinating Symmetric polyradiculoneuropathy) or with Lewis-Sumner syndrome, regardless of the age.","3 W (27) Absent Demyelinating No abnormalities IV Ig 2 2 EGR2 Mutation","4), diagnosing CMT type 1D."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":10342260,"citingcorpusid":35410320,"citedcorpusid":24515827,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, neoplastic lesions can be missed during endoscopic examination.(4,5) In patients with previously diagnosed gastric neoplasm, if the information from the referring center is insufficient, or a definite target for treatment needs to be identified, repeat endoscopy is performed before deciding on the treatment strategy.","Failure to detect simultaneous lesions may be due to several reasons as follows: the lesions are not seen, are seen but not biopsied, are biopsied inadequately, or are interpreted incorrectly by the pathologist.(4,7,10) It is noteworthy that almost all missed diagnoses are due to errors by endoscopists."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":803888936,"citingcorpusid":59935615,"citedcorpusid":45658528,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In a well drained soil, the air filled porosity usually ranges from 10 to 40% of the total soil volume but waterlogging reduces these pores, substantially diminishing root oxygen supply causing hypoxia (Barrett-Lennard, 2003; Boru et al., 2003; Colmer and Islam, 2002)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":917931136,"citingcorpusid":55289839,"citedcorpusid":45658528,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…2012b; Hussain et al., 2002), and can cause severe damage to plants due to (1) waterlogging interacts with salinity causes increase Na + and Cl - concentrations in plant shoots; and (2) increased shoot concentrations for Na + and Cl - have adverse effects on plant growth (Barrett-Lennard, 2003)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":846985962,"citingcorpusid":21373087,"citedcorpusid":35041237,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["When considering the tissue distribution of Al and Ga, both accumulate to similar levels in the DG. It is possible that the two metals share a comparable detoxificatory mechanism, as this is the major organ for metal accumulation and detoxification in molluscs ( Marigomez et al. 2002 )."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3801862975,"citingcorpusid":6634672,"citedcorpusid":76085200,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Idiopathic cardiomyopathy has been described in the dog by several investigators (1,2,3,4,5,6).","Marked dilatation of all four chambers of the heart has been reported with scattered areas of endocardial and myocardial necrosis and fibrosis (4,6).","These changes were similar to those found previously in dogs (2,3, 4,5,6), cats (8,9) and man (10,11,12, 13,14,15) with congestive cardiomyopathy.","Ascites, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly are found with right-side heart failure (4)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2617380452,"citingcorpusid":129956810,"citedcorpusid":35041237,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Specific tissues such as the digestive gland, gills and kidney, as well as specific cells such as lysosomes, digestive cells and brown cells which underlie the mantle are target sites for metal accumulation (Marigomez et al., 2002)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2430331606,"citingcorpusid":25313061,"citedcorpusid":35041237,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Metals are first complexed by metallothionin (Bebianno et al., 1993; Marigomez et al., 2002; Palacios et al., 2011) and lipofuscin (aged pigments) (Marigomez et al.","Overall, bivalves reduce the metal toxicity through different molecular mechanisms including its sequestration in metallothionein (MT) and lipofuscin, forming inert granules in lysosomal vesicles for storage and finally for cell exocytosis (Marigomez et al., 2002).",", 2011) and lipofuscin (aged pigments) (Marigomez et al., 2002) to form electron dense spherical bodies produced and secreted by lysosomes.","This finding suggested a lysosome secretion containing metals, which are complexed by the autofluorescence lipofuscin (aged-pigment) as previously reported (Schnell et al., 1999; Marigomez et al., 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":1563763713,"citingcorpusid":87232129,"citedcorpusid":14459515,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is most likely made possible due to kin selection, which allows individuals to sacrifice personal reproductive success in order to benefit the reproductive success of closely related individuals (Eberhard, 1975; Settepani et al. 2013).","Successful societies require cooperation among individuals to complete tasks and function efficiently (Eberhard, 1975; Beshers & Fewell, 2001; Settepani et al. 2013; Holbrook et al. 2013).","Successful societies require cooperation among individuals to complete tasks and\nfunction efficiently (Eberhard, 1975; Beshers & Fewell, 2001; Settepani et al. 2013; Holbrook et al. 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3152770691,"citingcorpusid":16261082,"citedcorpusid":14459515,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Consider mutant strategy A which results in an equiprobable payoff of either 0 or 10 offspring equivalents (West-Eberhard 1975) pitted against mutant strategy B which results in either two or four surviving offspring equivalents ."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2635403321,"citingcorpusid":31225260,"citedcorpusid":3278627,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In addition, suppression in\nthe accumulation of several key factors in tumor metabolism and tumor progression including HIF-1a, VEGF, and MMP-2 were also detected (Berger et al., 2006;\nKefford et al., 2007; Lahav, 2005; Lahav et al., 1999,\n2004).","A phase II clinical trial with Bosentan as mono-\ntherapy in patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma\nresulted in stabilization of the disease in six of 32\npatients (Kefford et al., 2007).","In addition, suppression in the accumulation of several key factors in tumor metabolism and tumor progression including HIF-1a, VEGF, and MMP-2 were also detected (Berger et al., 2006; Kefford et al., 2007; Lahav, 2005; Lahav et al., 1999, 2004).","A phase II clinical trial with Bosentan as monotherapy in patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma resulted in stabilization of the disease in six of 32 patients (Kefford et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3760778981,"citingcorpusid":237767865,"citedcorpusid":145724618,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Scholars have demonstrated how sexual beliefs that are rigid, rooted in conservative religious ideologies, and discriminatory in nature (e.g., sexist, heterosexist, transphobic) can be deleterious to affirming therapeutic relationships (Author, 2019; Bidell, 2014; McGeorge, Carlson, & Toomey, 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1200413013,"citingcorpusid":195741691,"citedcorpusid":11437507,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A lower 2D:4D were frequently linked with higher sporting ability, physical fitness, and higher response to testosterone surge in challenged situation leading to increased muscular strength and endurance (Hönekopp and Schuster 2010, Manning et al. 2014; Koziel et al. 2017, Kociuba et al. 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":987470479,"citingcorpusid":67829526,"citedcorpusid":120443507,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The reported butterfly-inspired technologies/products consist of the hydrophobic or self-cleaningmaterials/surfaces [6–8, 21, 22], the high-efficiency solar panels [5, 9, 23, 24], the vapor or gas nanosensors [6, 8, 10, 25], the iridescent ZrO 2 photonic crystals [26], the optical beam splitter [27], and the magnetooptic structures [28]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2665659952,"citingcorpusid":221093579,"citedcorpusid":121197830,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Therefore, computer experiments based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are widely used (Lopez & Hamann, 2011)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1865453896,"citingcorpusid":29483332,"citedcorpusid":23901916,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(16) described a new computed tomography analysis of the entire lung to express PEEP-induced alveolar recruitment."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3984114579,"citingcorpusid":253689337,"citedcorpusid":153769939,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, the liberalization of both urban housing and labor markets over the past decades significantly lowered labor-mobility barriers and afforded the Chinese enhanced freedom in choosing urban locations to live and work (Zheng et al. 2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3670028718,"citingcorpusid":246754724,"citedcorpusid":151683449,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To promote fidelity, we recruited a sample that enabled triangulation, which included the experiences of organizational\nrepresentatives, athletes, and family members who had all experienced or helped facilitate the onboarding process (e.g., Levitt et al., 2017).","…perspectives and our aim to obtain a more complete understanding of what programs were being offered by the organizations and how family members and athletes were perceiving and experiencing them promoted utility in relation to practical implications of our work (e.g., Levitt et al., 2017).","Specifically, we engaged in thematic analysis (Braun et al., 2016) and strove for fidelity and utility throughout our research (Levitt et al., 2017)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":878956836,"citingcorpusid":19490524,"citedcorpusid":20349796,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2003) and 1150 mg kg 1 for leek (Mozafar et al., 2002).","…my study, other studies on plant Pb uptake using shooting range soils reported greater Pb concentrations in aboveground tissues, including 152 mg kg 1 for various plant species (Labare et al., 2004), 800 mg kg 1 for bermuda grass (Cao et al., 2003) and 1150 mg kg 1 for leek (Mozafar et al., 2002)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1596490891,"citingcorpusid":73502822,"citedcorpusid":24997394,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the context of PDAC, several studies described an overexpression of uPAR in tissue samples of PDAC with a predominant overexpression in malignant tumor cells (29,30)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3817112536,"citingcorpusid":233904818,"citedcorpusid":10107976,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recently, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) approaches have been successfully adopted for lobectomy and segmentectomy overseas [2]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1230100937,"citingcorpusid":198958604,"citedcorpusid":129385444,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For these reasons Monnett (1948) decided that the traditional bisection of the Marshall into upper and lower members was inadvisable and unfeasible; nevertheless, usage of the two subdivisions has continued.","However, as has been pointed out by Monnett (1948) and by Squire (1972) the members may be difficult to distinguish because:\n1.","Monnett (1948) studied the petrography of the rock and found 95 percent quartz grains, the rest chiefly feldspar and mica, no carbonate, but some Iimonite.","Stratigraphic studies were completed by Thomas (1931), Monnett (1948) and McGregor (1953, 1954)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3192003425,"citingcorpusid":226197672,"citedcorpusid":87976419,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Mikoriza disamping dapat menginduksi ketahanan tanaman terhadap berbagai patogen penyakit dapat juga meningkatkan kesuburan tanah sebagaimana pupuk kimia, namun waktu yang diperlukan oleh agens hayati ini dalam memacu pertumbuhan tidak secepat pengaruh pupuk sintetik (Fernanda 2012)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2275638476,"citingcorpusid":16072981,"citedcorpusid":142932707,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, several theorists (Davidson & Sternberg, 1998; Feldhusen & Goh, 1995 Jausovec, 1994; Sternberg, 1998) have argued that metacognition is connected to creative problem solving and that someone who is high inmetacognition should be amore creative problem solver."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2679931208,"citingcorpusid":15005036,"citedcorpusid":34160930,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Nonetheless, evidence-based practice entails not only the query “can it work” but also “will it work here?” and “is it worth it in this case?” (Canadian Health Research Foundation, 2005;  Dobrow, Goel, Upshur, 2004 )."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2273278299,"citingcorpusid":145540822,"citedcorpusid":142932707,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Gourgey (as cited in Sternberg, 1998) reported that not only do students not welcome instruction on metacognitive skills, they actively resist it:\nWhen students have become used to and have been rewarded over the years for passive and rather mindless learning, they will not jump at the chance to…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2097743707,"citingcorpusid":150251855,"citedcorpusid":217344612,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…host of the 2022 World Cup and already involved in a number of\ncontroversies related to human rights violations, corruption and political turmoil (Ganji 2016; Dorsey 2017), and whose national airline is an Official Partner and the Official Airline of FIFA as part of a sponsorship package lasting…","In response to this, the president of the German Football Association, Reinhard Grindel stated in June 2017, that ‘major tournaments should not be played in countries that actively support terror’.10 FIFA president Gianni Infantino, however, commented a few days later that he did not believe that the diplomatic crisis which has embroiled 2022 World Cup host nation Qatar will threaten its staging of the tournament.","‘2022 World Cup in Qatar under threat as Saudi Arabia joins blockade’, Guardian, 5 June 2017.","In 2017 Qatar, the host of the 2022 World Cup and already involved in a number of\ncontroversies related to human rights violations, corruption and political turmoil (Ganji 2016; Dorsey 2017), and whose national airline is an Official Partner and the Official Airline of FIFA as part of a sponsorship package lasting until 2022, had its diplomatic ties to a number of neighbouring countries cut off.","(Feinberg 1985, 37)\nOn this basis and given the amount of human rights abuses during the apartheid regime, well covered in the literature of South Africa’s blend of racialized nationalism and sport (Guelke 1986; Keech 2004), as well in more recent cases like the build-up to the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar (Ganji 2016), Feinberg’s interpretation of Mill weakens the argument for not intervening.","apartheid regime, well covered in the literature of South Africa’s blend of racialized nationalism and sport (Guelke 1986; Keech 2004), as well in more recent cases like the build-up to the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar (Ganji 2016), Feinberg’s interpretation of Mill weakens the argument for not","turmoil (Ganji 2016; Dorsey 2017), and whose national airline is an Official Partner and the Official Airline of FIFA as part of a sponsorship package lasting until 2022, had its diplomatic ties to a number of neighbouring countries cut off.","‘World Cup 2022 not threatened by Qatar’s diplomatic struggles, FIFA chief says’, Newsweek, 11 June 2017.","The reason for this was that the Qatari government did little to prevent terrorist organisations to operate in the country and allegedly funded some of them.","…regime, well covered in the literature of South Africa’s blend of racialized nationalism and sport (Guelke 1986; Keech 2004), as well in more recent cases like the build-up to the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar (Ganji 2016), Feinberg’s interpretation of Mill weakens the argument for not intervening."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,null,["background"],["background"],null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":4116639004,"citingcorpusid":245491350,"citedcorpusid":54434995,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…8 Talairach 9 Clark et al. (2017) 25 7 MNI 19 Salminen et al. (2016) 18 1 Talairach\n10 Landau et al. (2004) 10 7 MNI 20 Nęcka et al. (2021) 23 3 MNI\n11 Miró-Padilla et al. (2019) 25 23 MNI 12 Schweizer et al. (2013) 17 30 MNI 13 Flegal et al. (2019) 26 9 MNI 14 Dahlin et al. (2008) 15 3…","…(Landau et\nal., 2007)。而短期的项目再认和更新 WMT 可减弱这三个脑区的激活，比如，延迟面孔再\n认训练减弱了青年人的额、顶、颞叶皮层下区域激活(Landau et al., 2004)；延迟客体或空间\n位置识别训练减弱了青年人额叶内外侧、顶叶、颞叶(Landau et al., 2007)和左额中回、右顶\n下小叶、颞外侧、颞上叶皮层(Sayala et al., 2006)激活；视觉 n-back 训练减弱了成年人额上/\n额中皮层、顶下小叶皮层、前扣带回皮层和颞中皮层激活，且在训练结束…","00 02\n0v 1\n2 Flegal et al. (2019) 26 20.8 ±2.4\n是 是 视空间\nWM； 言语WM\n矩阵更新标准；\n空间 n-back； 客体位置联系\n10期 减弱\n3 Dahlin et al. (2008) 实验二\n11 68.2 7±1."],"intents":[null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":267614385,"citingcorpusid":264732,"citedcorpusid":31949218,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To compare our data with already published evidence, we performed a systematic literature search on aminoglycoside (amikacin [8, 12, 17, 20, 23], tobramycin [5, 7, 9, 17, 19, 20], gentamicin [21, 22], and netilmicin [26]) quantification in BAL fluid after parenteral (i."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":1822225252,"citingcorpusid":212537143,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It can be completely covered by the cystic duct of the gallbladder.([5]) This anatomic variation was found in 3 patients (3%) in our study (Figure .","Huge et al have reported in their study A double cystic artery has previously been found in 15%-25% of patients.([5]) During our laparoscopic cholecystectomy we recorded 11 patients (11%) with double cystic artery (Figure:2)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1525079878,"citingcorpusid":43741201,"citedcorpusid":26270808,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, few successful neodymium-doped polymer optical waveguide amplifiers have been reported [14]–[16]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":859204522,"citingcorpusid":164250,"citedcorpusid":15297180,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Endocytosis dissection experiments using charged nanogold have also shown a mechanism of tip-localized membrane recycling that is probably involved in regulating apical PM protein/lipid composition (Parton et al., 2001; Helling et al., 2006; Moscatelli et al., 2007).","Mutation of the dynaminrelated proteins AtDRP1A and OsDRP2B suggests that clathrindependent endocytosis (CDE) plays a role in cellulose biosynthesis (Collings et al., 2008; Xiong et al., 2010)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2745694353,"citingcorpusid":16450141,"citedcorpusid":123278514,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The ability to separately estimate the stellar and circumstellar properties of embedded YSOs, gives the possibility to infer in a better detail the evolutionary properties of these sources, to analyse their similarities with optically visible T Tauri stars in terms of veiling and accretion activity and finally to address quantitatively how their accretion properties are connected to other related phenomena such as jets and winds.","This analysis shows that YSOs chosen to broadly have similar IR colors may have very different characteristics in terms of accretion properties.","Most of the sources are consistent with being dwarfs, as also found for other low mass YSOs (i.e. Greene & Lada 1997).","In this table we indicate, when possible, the most probable identification done using the NIST database1 and guided by the spectra of other YSOs (Kelly et al. 1994) or objects with likely similar excitation conditions (Walmsely et al. 2000, Hamann et al. 1994).","Recent models for the SEDs of YSOs (Whitney et al. 2003) show that in Class II sources seen close to edge-on, extinction and scattering dominate at near-IR wavelengths making the SEDs of these sources similar to those of less evolved Class I objects.","This indicates how the definition of the evolutionary stage of deeply embedded YSOs by means of IR colors needs to be more carefully refined.","Our analysis therefore shows how the definition of the evolutionary stage of deeply embedded YSOs by means of IR colors needs to be more carefully refined.","For the two OI lines at 1.1287,1.3165 µm fluorescence excitation by either an UV continuum or resonant absorption of HI Lyβ photons have been proposed as the most likely excitation mechanisms (see e.g. Kelly et al. 1994, Walmsley 2000)."],"intents":[null,null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2745692350,"citingcorpusid":16450141,"citedcorpusid":16797357,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2 of Nisini et al. (2004)), indicating lower densities of ionized material.","The HI lines observed in HH100 IR have been already presented and discussed in Nisini et al. (2004); in Table 2 we report the fluxes and the kinematical properties of the HI lines detected both in the low and high resolution spectra of IRS2 and IRS5a.","A full account on the interpretation of the HI line emission in HH100 IR has been given in Nisini et al. (2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1989257385,"citingcorpusid":16450141,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For our analysis we have mainly used the Wallace & Hinkle (1997) (for K band), and Meyer et al. (1998) (for the H band) standard samples, which are however at resolution 3000, thus not always making it possible to compare lines resolved in our spectra but blended in the standard stars spectra.","1996; Davis et al. 2002; Muzerolle et al. 1998). The large values of the IR excess characteristic of these source, however, produce a large veiling which makes it extremely difficult to infer their stellar properties by means of their underlying photospheric features and therefore to correlate the spectral probes of circumstellar activity with the physical parameters of the star itself. Recently, the first direct observation of absorption lines from the photosphere of a Class I source in the ρ Oph cloud has been reported by Greene & Lada (2002). The observed features are typical of late type stars, confirming the low mass nature of these sources, and have been used to determine for the first time the stellar properties of one of such highly obscured object, which was found to have ∼70% of its luminosity due to accretion.","HH100 IR and IRS2 are the only sources showing a prominent emission spectrum rich in features (Figs. 3 and 4). Such features mainly include permitted transitions of neutral atoms. The HI lines are the strongest of these: we detect Brγ, Paβ and other lines from the Brackett series up to quantum number n = 20 in HH100 IR and IRS2, while weak Brγ emission has also been measured in the MR spectrum of IRS5a. The HI lines observed in HH100 IR have already been presented and discussed in Nisini et al. (2004); in Table 2 we report the fluxes and the kinematical properties of the HI lines detected both in the low and high resolution spectra of IRS2 and IRS5a.","For our analysis we have mainly used the Wallace & Hinkle (1997) (for K band), and Meyer et al. (1998) (for the H band) standard samples, which are however at resolution\n3000, thus not always allowing to compare lines resolved in our spectra but blended in the standard stars spectra.","aSpectral index (d log(λ Fλ)/d log λ) between 2 and 10 μm. bOrigin of photometric data: TS = Taylor & Storey (1984), SOFI = our NTT-SOFI observations (March 2003), ISAAC = VLT-ISAAC archive data (April 1999), B92 = Burton et al. (1992). cFrom Wilking et al. (1992). dEstimated from the photometry up to the Q band given by Wilking et al.","aSpectral index (d log(λ Fλ)/d log λ) between 2 and 10 μm. bOrigin of photometric data: TS = Taylor & Storey (1984), SOFI = our NTT-SOFI observations (March 2003), ISAAC = VLT-ISAAC archive data (April 1999), B92 = Burton et al.","aSpectral index (d log(λ Fλ)/d log λ) between 2 and 10 μm. bOrigin of photometric data: TS = Taylor & Storey (1984), SOFI = our NTT-SOFI observations (March 2003), ISAAC = VLT-ISAAC archive data (April 1999), B92 = Burton et al. (1992). cFrom Wilking et al. (1992). dEstimated from the photometry up to the Q band given by Wilking et al. (1986).","For the two OI lines at 1.1287, 1.3165 μm fluorescence excitation by a UV continuum or resonant absorption of HI Lyβ photons have been proposed as the most likely excitation mechanisms (see e.g. Kelly et al. 1994; Walmsley 2000). The several CI lines are on the other hand the brightest permitted lines predicted by recombination theory (Escalante & Victor 1990). The several lines from SiI and MgI, which have low ionization potentials, may also originate from a recombination cascade. Some of the atomic species observed are those responsible for strong permitted optical lines in T Tauri stars, such as NaI and CaII. The levels from which the IR lines originate lie at excitation energies larger than the levels of the optical lines, but it is conceiveable that the origin of the emission must be similar. Among different possibilities, emission from the disk-star accretion region (Basri & Bertout 1989; Hartmann 1998), from a stellar wind (Hartmann et al. 1990) and from an active chromosphere (Calvet et al. 1984) are the most commonly proposed. The kinematical characteristics of the two Na I lines detected in high resolution are remarkably similar to those of the Brγ emission, both in terms of linewidth and VLSR, which suggests that they come from the same emission region. We also note the absence of forbidden lines, e.g. from [FeII], which indicate that the emission line region is characterized by high densities where forbidden lines with critical densities lower than 105 cm−3 are quenched. The weak H2 2.12 μm line detected in HH100 IR and IRS2 (Table 4) may be an indicator of both shocked gas in the interaction of the stellar wind with the ambient medium, and emission from the inner warm region of a circumstellar disk. The line is blueshifted and only barely resolved, with an intrinsic width of <∼20 km s−1. Given these characteristics, the detected H2 emission may trace the base of a compact molecular outflow, such as those already detected in other Class I sources by Davis et al. (2001). In our case the emission is not spatially resolved, however the adopted slit may not be aligned with the compact jet emission.","The spectra were obtained during non-photometric nights, with a seeing varying between 1.5 and 2 arcsec. To flux calibrate our spectra we therefore used the broad band photometry obtained at SOFI with the NTT instrument during March 2003, whose values are reported in Table 1. For IRS5 and IRS6, since the NTT resolution is not high enough to resolve the binaries, we derived the magnitudes of the relative components using H and K VLT-ISAAC images taken from the ESO archive (ID programme 63.I-0691, April 1999). These are also reported in Table 1. From this table, and from the comparison of our derived photometry with the photometry given by Taylor & Storey (1984), we notice that a certain degree of variability is present in the considered sources, with the largest variation exhibited by HH100 IR and IRS3.","Spectra of dwarfs (on the left) and giant (on the right) standard stars taken from Wallace & Hinkle (1997) in a spectral segment around 2.1µm, which includes spectral features of Mg, Al and Si.","aSpectral index (d log(λ Fλ)/d log λ) between 2 and 10 μm. bOrigin of photometric data: TS = Taylor & Storey (1984), SOFI = our NTT-SOFI observations (March 2003), ISAAC = VLT-ISAAC archive data (April 1999), B92 = Burton et al. (1992). cFrom Wilking et al.","Spectra of dwarfs (on the left) and giant (on the right) standard stars taken from Wallace & Hinkle (1997) in a spectral segment around 2.3µm, which include spectral features of Ti, Fe and Sc.\nSystem Bibliographic Services and the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France.","Moreover, the Wallace & Hinkle (1997) sample lacks spectra of dwarfs stars between K5 and M2.","Wallace & Hinkle 1996, 1997) and commonly observed in pre-main sequence sources (e.g. Luhman & Rieke 1998). In HH100 IR and IRS2 such features are detected at only 1−5% of the continuum level. In the H band spectral segment, several more features are detected, most of which are very weak. The most significant of these features are indicated in Figs. 5−7 and have been identified through the spectra of standard stars of Meyer et al. (1998) and the Kurucz atomic spectral line database2.","In the two K band spectral segments, the main absorption features observed are those of lines from neutral atoms like Na, Al, Fe, Mg, Ti and Si, as well as the CO 2-0 band; these are the typical features expected from the photosphere of late type (K-M) stars (e.g. Wallace & Hinkle 1996, 1997) and commonly observed in pre-main sequence sources (e.g. Luhman & Rieke 1998).","This can be seen in Figs A.1 and A.2, where standard spectra of K and M spectral types, taken from the Wallace & Hinkle (1997) catalogue, are plotted."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],null,null,null,["background"],null,["methodology"],null,["background"],null,null,["background"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":2575144756,"citingcorpusid":31343733,"citedcorpusid":32677258,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Such kinetic phenomena include translational diffusion, molecular aggregation and chemical rate kinetics in living cells [6, 7]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":245963013,"citingcorpusid":16753078,"citedcorpusid":123493662,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Following [17,31], we consider the numerical flux in n direction of a class of high resolution schemes based on essentially non-oscillatory interpolation concept as follows and for simplicity we omit the j subindexes."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1937577347,"citingcorpusid":54082384,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several authors (Mysen, 1979; Wendlandt and Harrison, 1979) have proposed that mantle metasomatism by a H20 and/or CO2-rich vapour which has relatively high R E E concentrations can produce the R E E enrichment in peridotite nodules."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":172336387,"citingcorpusid":10654784,"citedcorpusid":7100864,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In [5], a reduced swing inverter is introduced to limit the voltage swing at the gate of the two pull up transistors to minimize the source current."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1177629647,"citingcorpusid":13838884,"citedcorpusid":57837790,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[6] applied a snake model to the segmentation of both anatomical MR and functional SPECT cardiac images to subsequently fuse them in a same coordinate system."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3661630312,"citingcorpusid":221740593,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Those students can benefit from training to improve their metacognitive and academic performance (Nbina, 2012; Nzewi and Ibeneme, 2011; Rezvan et al., 2006).",", 2017; Abdellah, 2015), while others view that explicit metacognitive training can enhance students' metacognition skills and believed that metacognition skills promote and correlate significantly with students' academic performance or achievement (Nbina, 2012; Nzewi and Ibeneme, 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3609144417,"citingcorpusid":237434135,"citedcorpusid":44262869,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The benefits of epidurals extend beyond the perioperative phase and into the postoperative phase when patients start mobilizing.(42) It is estimated that 30% of the general population undergoing anesthesia experience postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1514199876,"citingcorpusid":127913738,"citedcorpusid":128412857,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The rejuvenated age estimations are attributed to an alteration of the primary paleomagnetic signal and carried by secondary hematite [Ricordel et al., 2007; Preeden et al., 2009; Preeden, 2009]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1032585319,"citingcorpusid":36200406,"citedcorpusid":12772657,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The results of trials in South Africa [15] and The Gambia [16]","The results of trials in\nSouth Africa [15] and The Gambia [16] indicate that the introduction of this vaccine would save many young lives, but if this vaccine is used widely in meningitis belt countries, sustained surveillance will be necessary to ensure that vaccination does not select for a serotype 1 pneumococci with the potential to cause an epidemic.","Within the African meningitis belt, which extends across the Sahel and sub-Sahel from Ethiopia in the east to The Gambia in the west, major epidemics of meningococcal disease occur every few years [1]."],"intents":[["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":4026779475,"citingcorpusid":255329970,"citedcorpusid":249200921,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Among the S. aureus strains most often used in the literature we reviewed were: the community-acquired methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strain USA300 LAC [19,20] and its derivative strain JE2 [18,21] from skin and soft tissue infection; the hospital-acquired MRSA USA100 Tokyo clone [19]; strain 15,981, a strong biofilm-forming strain from an otitis infection [22]; strain ATCC 29,213 (=LMG 10,147) from a wound [23]; and the Newman strain isolated in 1952 from a human infection [24,25].","aureus strains most often used in the literature we reviewed were: the community-acquired methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strain USA300 LAC [19,20] and its derivative strain JE2 [18,21] from skin and soft tissue infection; the hospital-acquired MRSA USA100 Tokyo clone [19]; strain 15,981, a strong biofilm-forming strain from an otitis infection [22]; strain ATCC 29,213 (=LMG 10,147) from a wound [23]; and the Newman strain isolated in 1952 from a human infection [24,25].","A single exception was made for the publication by Barraza & Whiteley that studied laboratory strains of P. aeruginosa (PA14) and S. aureus (LAC) but used synthetic CF sputum medium (SCFM2), to be as close as possible to CF lung conditions [39]."],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":3995854547,"citingcorpusid":254237797,"citedcorpusid":6204388,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The gm-boosting technique has been used to enhance numerous structures such as transconductance amplifiers [6], transimpedance amplifiers [7], RF-frontend LNA [8], RF mixers [9], sensor instrumentation amplifier [10] and so forth."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4026786133,"citingcorpusid":255304374,"citedcorpusid":167538092,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…a set of ethical marketing approaches, which can embrace public concerns and public interests and help plan social changes (Kotler and Zaltman 1971; abratt and sacks 1988, 1989). the positive effects of societal marketing have been demonstrated in a number of studies (Brown and Dacin 1997; creyer…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2539293695,"citingcorpusid":143246130,"citedcorpusid":32662187,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, we explored whether these evaluations were different for boys and girls, since many studies have asserted that (especially young) women are more concerned about body weight, food, and eating than are men (Croll, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, & Ireland, 2002; Martins et al., 2004; Paxton et al., 1991; Rozin, Bauer, & Catanese, 2003).","not socially) attractive (Martins et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1677088265,"citingcorpusid":208541110,"citedcorpusid":101939577,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In a study of geochemical characteristics of surface water of ten different wetlands of the Brahmaputra valley of Assam by Dutta et al. (2016) namely Deepor beel, wetlands of Kaziranga National Park, Maguri, Samaguri, Saran, wetland\nof Pobitora wildlife sanctuary, Sareswar, Laokhoa, Jengdia and…","…of water in beels of Assam varied widely and the values range from 16.0 to 227.0 mg/l, 10.0 to 169.0 mg/l and 18.0 to 354.0 µmhos/cm respectively (Sugunan and Bhattacharjya, 2000; Kar, 2008; Bhattacharyya et al., 2010; Das et al., 2011; Paswan et al., 2012; Sarma et al., 2013; Dutta et al., 2016).","WQI of the wetlands is calculated from various important physicochemical parameters in two different seasons by Dutta et al. (2016) (Fig.","3 a, b) shows that the water samples belong to Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl- -SO4\n2- type or facies in pre-monsoon while in post-monsoon most of the sample show temporary and permanent hardness due to Ca2+Mg2+-HCO3 -and Ca2+-Mg2+-SO4 2- respectively, indicating a mixed type of water (Dutta et al., 2016)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3741423194,"citingcorpusid":247598298,"citedcorpusid":87029451,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["If a species/target has a highly specialized predator (narrower search image), mating systems that promote increased polymorphism might be favorable (Lawrence and Allen 1983).","With each generation, the observer’s ability to locate the targets is likely to improve and they will develop a search image for the targets (Lawrence and Allen 1983; Troscianko et al. 2018; Troscianko et al. 2021)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1677088339,"citingcorpusid":208541110,"citedcorpusid":133289099,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["World’s wetland is estimated to occupy nearly 7 to 9 million km2, or about 4 to 6 percent of the land surface of the Earth and is made up of mangroves, high-altitude lakes, marshes, flood plains and ponds (Maltby and Turner, 1983)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2607413435,"citingcorpusid":220974682,"citedcorpusid":12153015,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In particular, several studies showed that circulating OPN levels are elevated in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients (Abdel-Azeez and Al-Zaky, 2010; Tousoulis et al., 2013; Wolak, 2014; Maniatis et al., 2019) and correlated with the disease extent and severity (Ohmori et al.","Nonetheless, CAD patients were characterized by an increased oxidative stress status and impaired endothelial function associated with a NO bioavailability reduction (Abdel-Azeez and Al-Zaky, 2010; Yang and Ming, 2013; Incalza et al., 2018)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2607413218,"citingcorpusid":220974682,"citedcorpusid":43394337,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Indeed, circulating OPN has been proposed as a predictor of major cardiac events, such as acute myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease (Georgiadou et al., 2010; Okyay et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":888671409,"citingcorpusid":33996991,"citedcorpusid":15898495,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Methods: The Vistech CS chart and its descendant, the Functional Acuity Contrast Test (FACT), were administered in three experiments: (1) Post-LASIK and age matched normal subjects; ( 2 ) Preoperative cataract surgery and age matched normal subjects; (3) Test-retest repeatability data in normal subjects."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3921923186,"citingcorpusid":119329747,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In [13], the authors construct families of pairs of germs f and g defined on (C(2), 0), with isomorphic Seifert forms and non-isotopic links in S(3).","There are methods of computation of Seifert forms associated to algebraic links in S(3) (for example in [13])."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1553886923,"citingcorpusid":117076478,"citedcorpusid":140610886,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Therefore, we assumed that these two factors are independent at a basin scale (Wanget al. 2013; Jiang et al. 2011).","2010), and hydrological model (Wang et al. 2009; Li et al. 2010; Jiang et al. 2011; Zhan et al. 2012; Bai et al. 2013; Zeng et al. 2014; Ahn and Merwade 2014), respectively.","2012), VIC (Wang et al. 2010; Jiang et al. 2011; Bao et al. 2012), and other models (Wang et al.","Although previous studies of climate variability and human activities impacts on runoff have identified possible uncertainty sources (Jiang et al. 2011; Bao et al. 2012; Wang et al. 2013), few have accounted for the uncertainty sources in attributing runoff changes (Wang et al."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2279059720,"citingcorpusid":1902651,"citedcorpusid":13954652,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["An interesting issue is that tDCS modifies not only the activity of cortical areas located directly under the electrodes, but also from distant areas possibly due to primary interconnections (Lang et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2574740151,"citingcorpusid":110558585,"citedcorpusid":122527475,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":894693044,"citingcorpusid":14273161,"citedcorpusid":10149106,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Knockdown of expanded ( ex ) (Boedigheimer and Laughon, 1993), a negative regulator of growth, in clones clearly demonstrates the growth advantage exhibited by mutant cells over wild-type cells (Fig."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":894694405,"citingcorpusid":14273161,"citedcorpusid":9207499,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…in the relative representation of the two populations (Tseng et al., 2007), by overgrowth of one population induced by its interaction with the other (Lee et al., 2002), or by abnormalities in the boundariesthat separate the two populations (e.g. smooth rather than irregular) (Yang et al., 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":334337920,"citingcorpusid":2180590,"citedcorpusid":120976559,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…the change in error structure of the statistical model on back-transformation to the arithmetic scale (Glass, 1969; Manaster and Manaster, 1975; Miller, 1984; Jansson, 1985; Smith, 1993; Hayes and Shonkwiler, 2006) coupled with the distortion that is introduced by the non-linear relationship…","Third, the statistical model obtained by back-transformation from logarithms is one that predicts geometric means for Y instead of arithmetic means (Miller, 1984; Smith, 1993; Hayes and Shonkwiler, 2006).","The bias results from the change in error structure of the statistical model on back-transformation to the arithmetic scale (Glass, 1969; Manaster and Manaster, 1975; Miller, 1984; Jansson, 1985; Smith, 1993; Hayes and Shonkwiler, 2006) coupled with the distortion that is introduced by the non-linear relationship between logs and values in the original scale (Jansson, 1985; McCuen et al."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],null]}
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{"citationid":418052562,"citingcorpusid":1145053,"citedcorpusid":5474995,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…build on the online primal-dual framework, which has been used to analyze a variety of online optimization problems, including online network optimization (Alon et al. 2004), online paging (Bansal, Buchbinder, and Naor 2007), and the online adwords problem (Buchbinder, Jain, and Naor 2007).","For these problems, it is possible to achieve a competitive ratio of ( 1 − 1 / e ) in a setting with adversarial arrivals (Buchbinder, Jain, and Naor 2007) or ( 1 − ε ) for stochastic arrivals, with ε very small when the total budget is large (Devanur and Hayes 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1649532323,"citingcorpusid":14207837,"citedcorpusid":5474995,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We give optimal, guaranteed approximation , or heuristic algorithms, depending on the difficulty static dynamic algorithm DP Greedy MRGAP Adwords [6] E/L-aware Energy-aware setting 1-d general general online 0/1 known lifetime general online claim opt.","In the dynamic setting, we consider several competitive algorithms for a relaxed version of the problem: a 1/2-competitive greedy algorithm and a simplification of the 1 − 1/e-competitive algorithm of [6].","The Adwords problem, a generalization of online b-matching to the assignment of advertisers to queries in search engines, was introduced by [16] and further generalized to multiple \" slots \" or ad positions by [6]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2234445770,"citingcorpusid":35481206,"citedcorpusid":5474995,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To explain precisely, the competitive ratios of algorithms in [Buchbinder et al., 2007; Mehta et al., 2007; Goel et al., 2010] depend on Rmax, and approach 1− 1/e when Rmax approaches 0.","The following lemma is proven by a similar proof to the one used in [Buchbinder et al., 2007], and hence we omit the proof.","The ad-auction problem studied by [Buchbinder et al., 2007; Mehta et al., 2007] corresponds to the special case with ti = 1, i ∈ N and Tj = 1, j ∈M ."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":910075912,"citingcorpusid":44582016,"citedcorpusid":24448390,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recently, culture-independent techniques, such as analyses of the microbial DNA extracted directly from environments have pushed a remarkable progress in microbial ecology research (Marschner et al. 2001; Ebersberger et al. 2004; Yao et al. 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":892617880,"citingcorpusid":4754388,"citedcorpusid":1874824,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2773926273,"citingcorpusid":34535078,"citedcorpusid":22865561,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["With regard to bupropion, metabolism to metabolites other than hydroxybupropion may alter the clinical effects or even lead to therapeutic failure of bupropion, because the therapeutic effect seems to be related to the presence of hydroxybupropion.(38,39) These results indicate that hormone replacement therapy with estradiol and levonorgestrel and, to a lesser extent, oral contraception with ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel significantly inhibit CYP2B6 activity as evidenced by decreased metabolism of bupropion to hydroxybupropion."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2360335090,"citingcorpusid":36846584,"citedcorpusid":25685010,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[35] observed no adverse effects inmice orally gavaged with BITC at the dose of 9mmol (1.","[35] noted that the intraperitoneal administration of","5mmol/three times/d) failed to increase apoptotic cells in the tumor tissues of mice injected with MDA-MB-231 cells [35]."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3931783221,"citingcorpusid":113400731,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[1] The 3-dimensional Sklyanin algebra S := S(a, b, c) over C is generated by three noncommuting variables x, y, z subject to the following relations:","w:=<<p,q>>: NonRedFams:=[]: for i from 1 to nops(Families) do Xw:=Multiply(Families[i][1],w): Yw:=Multiply(Families[i][2],w): Zw:=Multiply(Families[i][3],w): NonRed:=solve([p*conjugate(p)+q*conjugate(q)<>0, p*Xw[2][1]-q*Xw[1][1], p*Yw[2][1]-q*Yw[1][1], p*Zw[2][1]-q*Zw[1][1], op(Conditions)],[p,q]): if NonRed=[] then NonRedFams:=[op(NonRedFams),[Families[i]]]: end if: end do:","In fact, it is common practice to consider the geometric data of S in the context of Noncommutative Projective Algebraic Geometry [1, 3, 12]\n2010 Mathematics Subject Classification.","p*Zw[2][1]-q*Zw[1][1] = 0 • conditions on c.",") In fact, it is common practice to consider the geometric data of S in the context of Noncommutative Projective Algebraic Geometry [1, 3, 12]"],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":820151116,"citingcorpusid":14337182,"citedcorpusid":24689876,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["subtypes, whereas 7 nAChRs have been found in the cortex both in glutamatergic [90] and GABAergic [34] neurons as well as in neurons from several other brain areas [89, 91-95] .","While the existence and function of a peripheral anti-inflammatory reflex has been solidly proven and understood [92, 94, 105] , only more recent studies are investigating the potential of a similar modulatory mechanism for CNS inflammation [4, 119] ."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2776243764,"citingcorpusid":9040721,"citedcorpusid":38458444,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although little empirical evidence of discrimination based on genetic predisposition to disease exists [Billings et al., 1992; Geller et al., 1996], fear of\ndiscrimination by health insurers is common among patient and medical communities and has been hypothesized to pose a serious barrier to…","Although little empirical evidence of discrimination based on genetic predisposition to disease exists [Billings et al., 1992; Geller et al., 1996], fear of TABLE VI."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2640279609,"citingcorpusid":29127452,"citedcorpusid":38458444,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although reportedly a householdword’ in theUnited States especially regarding health insurance (9), GD is less familiar in Australia where health insurance is community – rather than individual – rated.","Positive on test 86 (26) 164 (34) 26 (58) 10 (18) 286 Negative on test 157 (47) 208 (43) 11 (24) 23 (40) 399 Do not know 16 (5) 18 (4) 1 (2) 5 (9) 40 Others 2 (1) 1 (0) 0 (0) 1 (2) 4 Missing 71 (21) 91 (19) 7 (16) 18 (31) 187 Total 332 (100) 482 (100) 45 (100) 57 (100) 916","Reports of discrimination have come from the United States (1, 2, 4), the UK (5), Europe (6, 7) and Australia (3, 8)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1670364156,"citingcorpusid":204861170,"citedcorpusid":140658663,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Under decreasing effective mean stress (or increasing fluid pressure), reactivation of a pre-existing fault can be achieved, thanks to the lower cohesion and lower tensile strength of the fault relative to intact host rocks (Ridley 1993).","The location and geometry of orogenic gold deposits are dependent on the crustal architecture, which controls fluid circulation and gold precipitation (Kerrich 1986; Ridley 1993; Wyman and Kerrich 1988; Goldfarb et al. 1991b; McCuaig and Hronsky\n2014).","The low-angle reverse faults in Yaouré were thus near-optimally oriented for reactivation either by increasing the differential stress, or by increasing the fluid pressure without reaching supralithostatic fluid pressure (Byerlee 1978; Sibson 1985; Ridley 1993; Tunks et al. 2004).","…pressure buildup, seismic slip, and subsequent sealing is widely recognized as a critical ore-forming process in orogenic gold environments (Sibson et al. 1988; Ridley 1993; Cox et al. 1995; Robert et al. 1995; Sibson and Scott 1998; Kisters et al. 2000; Oliver and Bons 2001; Groves et al. 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1670362495,"citingcorpusid":204861170,"citedcorpusid":128747445,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…release of overpressured fluidswithin misoriented high-angle reverse shear zones (Kerrich and Allison 1978; Robert and Brown 1986; Sibson et al. 1988; Sibson 1990; Robert and Poulsen 2001), and (iii) stress potentials induced from rheological contrasts and/or fold geometries (Goldfarb et al. 2005).","…al. 2005; Kolb 2008; Perrouty et al. 2012); (v) high-angle reverse shear zones (Kerrich and Allison 1978; Robert and Brown 1986; Sibson et al. 1988; Sibson 1990; Robert and Poulsen 2001); (vi) shallow-dipping reverse shear zones (Tunks et al. 2004; Kisters 2005); and to a lesser extent, (vii)…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1123436973,"citingcorpusid":147497681,"citedcorpusid":158490380,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Old-fashioned racism items include statements such as “black\n21\npeople are generally not as smart as whites,” and “generally speaking, I favor full racial integration” (McConahay, 1986, p. 108).","The scales were designed to detect whether a person has primarily positive, negative, or ambivalent attitudes about people of color (McConahay, 1986).","Developed by McConahay (1986), the Modern Racism scale includes questions on modern racism and overt racism.","negative, or ambivalent attitudes about people of color (McConahay, 1986).","The alpha coefficient for the entire scale was .77, but increased to .82 after the inclusion of a seventh item in the 1984 sample (McConahay, 1986).","82 after the inclusion of a seventh item in the 1984 sample (McConahay, 1986)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2489962307,"citingcorpusid":8983244,"citedcorpusid":158490380,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":909230177,"citingcorpusid":53626018,"citedcorpusid":158490380,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["McConahay, J. B. (1986).","Although some theorists (e.g., McConahay, 1986) have claimed that modern and old-fashioned racism represent distinct theoretical constructs, Sniderman and Tetlock (1986) have argued that if modern racism is somehow ‘‘different’’ from old-fashioned racism, then the two constructs should differ from…","Finally, perceptions of his aggressiveness were based on an average of two items directly related to this construct (aggressive, hostile) as well as two trait terms which also represent more ‘‘mild’’ levels of interpersonal assertiveness (impolite, impatient).","It is also important to note that most previous attempts to compare the reactivity of modern vs old-fashioned racism scales (including McConahay, 1986, and Fazio et al., 1995) have done so by varying therace of the experimenterrather than through examining correlations with measures of social desirability.","Although the reason for this asymmetry is unclear, it should be noted that even in this particular\n6 The low correlation between modern racism and social desirability is consistent with previous work by McConahay (1986) demonstrating the relative nonreactivity of this scale (but see Fazio et al., 1995).","Although some theorists (e.g., McConahay, 1986) have claimed that modern and old-fashioned racism represent distinct theoretical constructs, Sniderman and Tetlock (1986) have argued that if modern racism is somehow ‘‘different’’ from old-fashioned racism, then the two constructs should differ from one another in one or more theoretically meaningful and empirically demonstrable ways.","It is also important to note that most previous attempts to compare the reactivity of modern vs old-fashioned racism scales (including McConahay, 1986, and Fazio et al., 1995) have done so by varying therace of the experimenterrather than through examining correlations with measures of social…","…of this relation was trivial, and this was true of both the modern as well as the old-fashioned scales (rs5 .06 and .09, respectively).6 Finally, McConahay (1986) has shown that although modern and oldfashioned racism items represent conceptually distinct factors, they are nevertheless…","(McConahay, 1986, p. 97)\nWe believe that our results support this particular view of modern racism.","In one part of the questionnaire, participants completed McConahay’s (1986) modern racism scale.","…the reason for this asymmetry is unclear, it should be noted that even in this particular\n6 The low correlation between modern racism and social desirability is consistent with previous work by McConahay (1986) demonstrating the relative nonreactivity of this scale (but see Fazio et al., 1995).","On the other hand, McConahay (1986)also claims, somewhat confusingly, that modern racism represents anentirely new form of racism.","As briefly noted earlier, McGuire’s (1964) work in the attitude domain suggests that in anticipation of an impending discussion with others, people may often ‘‘bolster’’ (i.","These items, which were adapted from a set of old-fashioned racism items examined by McConahay (1986), were always included last in the questionnaire packet.","On the other hand, McConahay (1986) also claims, somewhat confusingly, that modern racism represents an entirely new form of racism.We are less sure about this second view. Although factor analyses did show that modern and old-fashioned racism items loaded on separate factors, the problem is that the effects of modern racism on judgments of the target person were virtually identical to the effects of old-fashioned racism. On this account, we are much more in agreement with Sniderman and Tetlock (1986), who argue that there is very little evidence to support the contention that modern and oldfashioned racism are fundamentally different.","In one part of the questionnaire, participants were asked to complete McConahay’s (1986) modern racism sale, which asks participants to respond to a series of statements along a scale ranging from22 to 12; responses were coded such that higher numbers indicate more favorable attitudes toward Blacks.1\n1 There have recently been some theoretical debate as to the construct and predictive validity of the modern racism scale in methodological paradigms different from that employed in the present research (e.g., Fazio, Jackson, Dunton, &Williams, 1995).","However, the magnitude of this relation was trivial, and this was true of both the modern as well as the old-fashioned scales (rs5 .06 and .09, respectively).6 Finally, McConahay (1986) has shown that although modern and oldfashioned racism items represent conceptually distinct factors, they are nevertheless moderately correlated with each other, and a similar relation emerged here (r 5 .46,p, .01).","This is by no means inconsistent with McConahay’s model as defined here.","On the one hand, McConahay (1986) has stated\nThat was why the [modern racism] items were developed: to create valid, nonreactive measures of antiblack prejudice."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,null,null,["result"],["background"],["result"],null,["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1106059067,"citingcorpusid":142810068,"citedcorpusid":12843992,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The combination of adequate structure along with choice and flexibility in doing appears to be crucial in the management of mental health problems (Eklund, 2007; Leufstadius, Erlandsson, Bjorkman, & Eklund, 2008; Minato & Zemke, 2004a, 2004b; Nagle et al., 2002; Strong, 1997, 1998)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2099415642,"citingcorpusid":51810678,"citedcorpusid":158490380,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3826543873,"citingcorpusid":250482436,"citedcorpusid":158490380,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Experimental evidence suggests that narcissism’s rise over the last 40 years would be accompanied by heightened social dominance orientation and indirectly associated with increased prejudice.(17) As expected, narcissists hold more significant prejudicial attitudes toward “others,” to the extent that such attitudes satisfy their feelings of entitlement and encourage their desire to dominate and exploit others."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3215940173,"citingcorpusid":224705888,"citedcorpusid":3909231,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A simple case where deep learning theory has studied the generalization properties of gradient descent (GD) is matrix factorization (Gunasekar et al., 2017; Arora et al., 2019; Razin and Cohen, 2020)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":845887454,"citingcorpusid":14814965,"citedcorpusid":158490380,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…example, the ‘‘Negative Stereotypes/Generalizations’’ theme included stereotypes that are consistent with those thought to accompany modern racism (see McConahay, 1986) rather than the pre-Civil War racial stereotypes character-\njesp 1401 @xyserv1/disk3/CLS_jrnl/GRP_jesp/JOB_jesp36-2/DIV_324a05…","…Sears, 1981, p. 40)\nThus, in contrast to old-fashioned racism, which presumably is rooted in antiBlack affect and resistance to equality (e.g., see McConahay, 1986), modern racism is thought to be fundamentally new and different because people’s attitudes arise from their adherence to the…","Specifically, this theory holds that people are concerned about appearing fair and discerning but not prejudiced (McConahay, 1986).","This is because it supposedly stems more from adherence to the Protestant ethic and the feeling that Blacks violate this prized American value than from antiegalitarianism (e.g., McConahay, 1986; Sears & Kinder, 1971).","These value orientations have been important components of theories concerning Whites’ prejudice toward Blacks, such that endorsement of the values has been thought to result in the development of negative attitudes toward Blacks (e.g., McConahay, 1986; Sidanius et al., 1992).","A potentially suitable theory for understanding the likely salient contents of Whites’ negative attitudes is modern (or symbolic) racism theory (Kinder & Sears, 1981; McConahay, 1982, 1986; McConahay & Hough, 1976; Sears, 1988; Sears, van Laar, Carrillo, & Kosterman, 1997; Sears & Kinder, 1971).","White participants’ most frequently expressed negative attitudes were consistent with the tenets of modern racism theory (McConahay, 1986)."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":406934953,"citingcorpusid":45683117,"citedcorpusid":158490380,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In recognition of this, contemporary scales of prejudice such as the Modern Racism Scale (McConahay, 1986) and the Symbolic Racism Scale (Kinder & Sears, 1981) exclude explicit questions that focus directly on beliefs and feelings about negatively stereotyped groups, and attempt to tap negativity…","In recognition of this, contemporary scales of prejudice such as the Modern Racism Scale (McConahay, 1986) and the Symbolic Racism Scale (Kinder & Sears, 1981) exclude explicit questions that focus directly on beliefs and feelings about negatively stereotyped groups, and attempt to tap negativity instead through indirect questions that ask, for example, about attitudes toward busing students to avoid segregation."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":400068316,"citingcorpusid":11510452,"citedcorpusid":158490380,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These attitudes are submerged but not necessarily dormant; rather they are expressed through more socially acceptable guises in the form of modern racism and modern sexism (see Gaertner & Dovidio, 2000; McConahay, 1986; Swim et al., 1995).","As such, overt racism and sexism have largely gone underground, hidden from external social censure and even from one’s own self-recognition (McConahay, 1986; Swim, Aikin, Hall, & Hunter, 1995)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1303857509,"citingcorpusid":143158171,"citedcorpusid":158490380,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["liberal Whites, are in line with more old-fashioned forms of racism (McConahay 1986; McConahay and Hough 1976).","Additionally, the intelligence finding suggests that some gut-level feelings, even among politically moderate and liberal Whites, are in line with more old-fashioned forms of racism (McConahay 1986; McConahay and Hough 1976)."],"intents":[null,["result"]]}
{"citationid":2421674042,"citingcorpusid":146537716,"citedcorpusid":158490380,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Research, however, has shown that racism is not disappearing, but rather is being replaced by less overt forms, termed, for example, ‘modern racism’ (McConahay, 1986), ‘aversive racism’ (Gaertner & Dovidio, 1986) or ‘ambivalent racism’ (Katz & Hass, 1988).","1 As a more detailed example, McConahay (1986) explains that the principal beliefs of the ‘modern racist’ are as follows: (i) discrimination is a thing of the past because Blacks now have the freedom to compete in the marketplace and to enjoy those things they can afford; (ii) Blacks are pushing…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2407793137,"citingcorpusid":141114121,"citedcorpusid":158490380,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Additionally, they found an interaction effect between automatic attitudes and motivation: individuals with high motivation had lower prejudicial attitudes on the Modern Racism Scale, which conflicted with their negative automatic attitudes.","They also performed a hierarchical regression analysis examining how the automatic attitudes data and scores on the MCPRS impacted scores on the Modern Racism Scale.","Modern racism, ambivalence, and the Modern Racism Scale.","They found that automatic attitude scores were not related to scores on the Modern Racism Scale (McConahay, 1986), which assesses the level of agreement or disagreement individuals have regarding beliefs that White individuals may or may not have about African American individuals."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3908951865,"citingcorpusid":252025440,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…issues of social control in boarding houses Research results on student sexual behavior showed that students’ free sex behavior was still considered wrong behavior because it was against the norms prevailing in society (Salisa, 2010; Arviyah, 2012; Kasmawati, 2014; Putra, 2014; and Hamzah, 2015)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1899125652,"citingcorpusid":23472726,"citedcorpusid":30688619,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["years, compared with the median age of 54 years among those with ADH.(2,4,34,35) CCLs typically present as nonpalpable lesions, reported at 86% of cases in one study.","The clinical profile of patients diagnosed with CCLs has been mentioned in a few studies.2,4,34 Mean patient age is said to be slightly younger than those with ADH and DCIS.34 The youngest age reported is 35 years, and the oldest is 89 years, with mean ages ranging from 44 to 51 years, compared with the median age of 54 years among those with ADH.2,4,34,35 CCLs typically present as nonpalpable lesions, reported at 86% of cases in one study.34 Their prevalence in the general population, demographic characteristics, and distribution within the breast, are some questions still unanswered.","Architectural atypia, if present, should instead be designated as ADH."],"intents":[["result"],null,null]}
{"citationid":1850431823,"citingcorpusid":148432,"citedcorpusid":30688619,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Intraluminal secretions May be present; usually not prominent May be present and prominent May be present and prominent May be present and prominent Calcifications May be present Often present; may be psammomatous Often present; may be psammomatous Often present; may be psammomatous Other names used to describe similar lesions columnar alteration of lobules (1), columnar metaplasia (2), metaplasie cylindrique (3), blunt duct adenosis (4,5), hyperplastic terminal groupings (6), unfolded lobules (22), enlarged lobular units with columnar alteration (Page DP, personal communication), and some examples of atypical lobules type A (7) and columnar alteration with prominent apical snouts and secretions (14) some examples of columnar alteration with prominent apical snouts and secretions (CAPSS) without atypia (14), some examples of pretubular hyperplasia (11) some examples of atypical lobules type A (7) and pretubular hyperplasia (11), atypical cystic lobules (8), atypical cystic duct (9), columnar cell hyperplasia with atypia (10), small ectatic ducts lined by atypical ductal cells with apocrine snouts (12), hypersecretory hyperplasia with atypia (13), columnar alteration with prominent apical snouts and secretions (CAPSS) with atypia (14), flat epithelial atypia (17), ductal intraepithelial neoplasia (DIN) of the flat monomorphic type (15) and clinging carcinoma (5,16) some examples of atypical lobules type A (7) and pretubular hyperplasia (11), atypical cystic lobules (8), atypical cystic duct (9), columnar cell hyperplasia with atypia (10), small ectatic ducts lined by atypical ductal cells with apocrine snouts (12), hypersecretory hyperplasia with atypia (13), columnar alteration with prominent apical snouts and secretions (CAPSS) with atypia (14), flat epithelial atypia (17), ductal intraepithelial neoplasia (DIN) of the flat monomorphic type (15) and clinging carcinoma (5,16)","The presence of such high-grade nuclear features merits the designation of high-grade DCIS, even if the cells comprise only a single cell layer (16).","tively identified 25 patients with so-called “clinging carcinoma” of the flat, monomorphic (low nuclear grade) type (16).","Included within these two categories are lesions referred to by others as “clinging carcinoma” of the monomorphic type (5,16) or “flat epithelial atypia” (17)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":934480876,"citingcorpusid":28852261,"citedcorpusid":123686993,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The test Breitung proposes for the null hypothesis of rk(β) = k is based on Saikkonen (1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1551006062,"citingcorpusid":134048680,"citedcorpusid":82400486,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Kieffer (1914c) later changed his variation to species status.","MNHN.\nConostigmus pedester – Kieffer 1914c: 177, 215.","Conostigmus wasmanni wasmanni – Kieffer 1914c: 204.","Calliceras abdominalis abdominalis – Kieffer 1914c: 95.","Calliceras abdominalis – Kieffer 1914c: 76, 77.","Conostigmus abdominalis abdominalis – Kieffer 1914c: 190.","–– Kieffer 1914c: 148, 159.","Conostigmus foveatifrons – Kieffer 1914c: 173, 197.","Calliceras frenalis – Kieffer 1914c: 76, 94.","Conostigmus myrmecobius – Kieffer 1914c: 175, 207.","However, Kieffer (1913b) also described Ceraphron apterus, then referred to “Conostigmus apterus Zetterstedt” as “Conostigmus apterus Kieffer” (Kieffer 1914c).","Calliceras origena – Kieffer, 1914c: 78, 102.","Conostigmus formiceti – Kieffer 1914c: 213.","Calliceras cameroni – Kieffer 1914c: 76, 95.","NHMUK, MNHN.\nCallic eras nigrelliceps – Kieffer 1914c: 72, 82.","Conostigmus lasiophilus – Kieffer 1914c: 177, 211.","Conostigmus antennalis – Kieffer 1914c: 176, 210.","Calliceras myrmecophila – Kieffer 1914b: 77, 100.","MNHN.\nConostigmus leviventris – Kieffer 1914c: 174, 200.","Atritomellus serricornis (Zetterstedt) – Kieffer 1914c: 142, 143.","Conostigmus abdominalis – Kieffer 1914c: 171, 172.","Calliceras microneura – Kieffer 1914c: 77, 98.","–– Kieffer 1914c: 116, 120.","Conostigmus formicarum – Kieffer 1914c: 176, 177, 209.","Conostigmus gestroi – Kieffer 1914c: 176, 208.","Conostigmus formicarum Kieffer, 1914a: 141, ♂, ♀.","Aphanogmus grenadensis – Kieffer 1914c: 117, 124.","Calliceras armata – Kieffer 1914c: 74, 89.","Lygocerus subramosus – Kieffer 1914c: 146, 151.","Lygocerus piceae – Kieffer 1914c: 162.","Calliceras pallidiventris – Kieffer 1914c: 79, 110.","Conostigmus abdominalis testaceus – Kieffer 1914c: 190.","MNHN.\nAphanogmus radialis Kieffer, 1914c: 116, 118.","Calliceras crenulata – Kieffer 1914c: 77, 101.","Calliceras naivashae – Kieffer 1914c: 78, 103.","Aphanogmus fumipennis – Kieffer 1914c: 116, 121.","Holotype FRANCE • ♀ of Conostigmus divisifrons Kieffer, 1914, synonymized with Conostigmus abdominalis (Boheman, 1832); “Frankreich (Maisons-Laffi te, im Juli)” (Kieffer 1907a: 196); MNHN EY25343.","Conostigmus divisifrons – Kieffer 1914c: 172, 196.","Conostigmus wasmanni – Kieffer 1914c: 175, 176.","Conostigmus wasmanni nidorum Kieffer, 1914c: 205, ♂, ♀.","Aphanogmus clavatus – Kieffer 1914c: 116, 121.","Aphanogmus formicarius – Kieffer 1914c: 116, 120.","However, Kieffer (1914c) (written in German) re-describes the species and gives the locality information as “Mit Formica rufa L., im Juni.","Calliceras aptera – Kieffer 1914c: 77, 101.","Aphanogmus hyalinipennis – Kieffer 1914c: 116, 121.","–– Kieffer 1914c: 115, 117.","Calliceras alticola – Kieffer 1914c: 78, 103.","Conostigmus testaceipes – Kieffer 1914c: 173, 177, 198.","Calliceras oriphila – Kieffer 1914c: 78, 103.","Conostigmus tricolor – Kieffer 1914c: 174, 201."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":4046996752,"citingcorpusid":249909019,"citedcorpusid":44514134,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A DSE-enabled protection scheme is proposed in [10] for large synchronous generators during out-of-step conditions."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4063593972,"citingcorpusid":256918668,"citedcorpusid":17443294,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1519309207,"citingcorpusid":3244233,"citedcorpusid":52838282,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Besides, the PIO principle can be generalised to the multi-integral case to take into account polynomial unknown inputs as recently sugested in [13]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3678383841,"citingcorpusid":17096505,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In addition to their effects on glutamate receptors, polyamine amide toxins antagonise nicotinic acetylcholine receptors [7] [61] and, at higher concentrations , voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) [40,51,64,65,67].","However, antagonism of VSCCs could contribute to the prevention of [Ca2+]i elevation and the initiation of toxicity in other models involving excitotoxic neuronal death [6,71].","In this study, polyamine amidemediated antagonism of NMDA receptors and VSCCs in primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells has been examined by monitoring changes of intracellular free Ca 2+ ([ Ca2+ ]i)-","Jackson and Parks [34] however, citing unpublished observations, report that at high concentrations polyamine amide toxins may inhibit L-type VSCCs.","Since there is a major contribution from L-type VSCCs to the K+-stimulated increases of [Ca 2+ ]~ in cultured granule cells it would appear that the concentrations of polyamine amide toxins used here may have been insufficient for the observation of any antagonism of these channels.","ceptors [57,68] and VSCCs [6,71] may be an efficacious","Prevention of Ca 2+ entry, particularly through channels gated by NMDA receptors [57] [68] and VSCCs [6] [71] may be an efficacious neuroprotective strategy, which might be achieved using either competitive or non-competitive antagonists of these signalling proteins.","For this reason polyamine amides might be ideally suited as neuroprotectants because they antagonise both NMDA and non-NMDA classes of L-Glu receptor as well as VSCCs [40] [65] [67] [70].","The results presented here, showing that ArgTX-636 and PhTX-343 lack activity at granule cell VSCCs, extend these findings and suggest that in cultured cerebellar granule cells the VSCCs contributing to K+-stimulated increases of [Ca2+]i are resistant to polyamine amide containing antagonists."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3678383848,"citingcorpusid":17096505,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["L-Glu toxicity in cerebellar granule cells cultured in media containing 25 mM KC1 (the conditions used here) is mediated predominantly by NMDA receptor activation [22,45,50]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3024770663,"citingcorpusid":111798589,"citedcorpusid":107354428,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
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{"citationid":2912059567,"citingcorpusid":13782076,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…RSV predominates in the first months of the year, coinciding with the rainy season [Moura et al., 2006; Bezerra et al., 2011; Alonso et al., 2012], in the South and Southeast RSV circulates predominantly during fall and winter [Cintra et al., 2001; Vieira et al., 2001; Pecchini et al., 2008].","…with the patterns revealed here in the early period, from 1996 to 2006, indicating that RSV outbreaks peak in mid-fall (May) and last until winter [Vieira et al., 2001; Thomazelli et al., 2007], an observation that has prompted the initiation of immunoprophylaxis in April in this city [SUS-SP,…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2469667871,"citingcorpusid":13782076,"citedcorpusid":9584283,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…North and Northeast RSV predominates in the first months of the year, coinciding with the rainy season [Moura et al., 2006; Bezerra et al., 2011; Alonso et al., 2012], in the South and Southeast RSV circulates predominantly during fall and winter [Cintra et al., 2001; Vieira et al., 2001;…","ing with the rainy season [Moura et al., 2006; Bezerra et al., 2011; Alonso et al., 2012], in the South and Southeast RSV circulates predominantly during fall and winter [Cintra et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2835286555,"citingcorpusid":32952738,"citedcorpusid":144352349,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Initially, it seemed that a preference for the familiar may be an immature response, characteristic only of very young infants (Hunt, 1970; Wetherford & Cohen, 1973)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":795001957,"citingcorpusid":32952738,"citedcorpusid":40089941,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…preference for novelty as a means to study infants’ basic sensory abilities to discriminate colors, forms, orientations, levels of complexity, and so forth (cf. Bornstein, Kessen, & Weiskopf, 1976; Caron & Caron, 1968, 1969; Cohen, Gelber, & Lazar, 1971; Cornell, 1975; Martin, 1975; McGurk, 1972).","Researchers first seized on the preference for novelty as a means to study infants’ basic sensory abilities to discriminate colors, forms, orientations, levels of complexity, and so forth (cf. Bornstein, Kessen, & Weiskopf, 1976; Caron & Caron, 1968, 1969; Cohen, Gelber, & Lazar, 1971; Cornell, 1975; Martin, 1975; McGurk, 1972)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3124138158,"citingcorpusid":225048193,"citedcorpusid":27047529,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Accordng to previous studies ( Bjorkman et al., 2016 ; Ekblom-Bak et al., 2014 ), he fulfilment of three out of five of the following criteria was required o accept the validity of the VO2max measurement: (a) VO2 was levling off despite an increase in speed or decline, (b) RPE exceeded 16, c) a…"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1531471430,"citingcorpusid":114002715,"citedcorpusid":41158503,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", sin que exista por ninguna parte reglas de conducta e infraestructura de control.[13] 16"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2185711714,"citingcorpusid":203411176,"citedcorpusid":12312197,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["또한 시약 조성에 5-sulfosalicylic acid 가 포함되어 있어 별도의 혈액 고정처리가 요구되지 않 으며, 특히 헹굼 과정이 필요 없다는 장점이 있다[4-7].","LCV는 과학수사 분야에서 널리 인식된 혈흔 증강시약 이며 다른 시약과 비교하여 여러 장점과 효과성이 매우 뛰어나다[4-7]."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":2608346997,"citingcorpusid":53407171,"citedcorpusid":86453267,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, Lunt and Hedger (2003) noted that nutrient or SOM enrichment at transplanting can benefit seedling field performance.","Field Response\nPoor site fertility and severe competition may adversely affect seedling survival and growth on mine reclamation sites (Lunt & Hedger 2003; Andrews & Broome 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2185711564,"citingcorpusid":203411176,"citedcorpusid":96810651,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["또한 혈액지문에서 DNA를 채 취하여 유전자정보를 확보할 수 있기 때문에 더욱 강력 한 증거로 사용될 수 있다[1][2].","[1] 김지연, 김채원, 김주은, 유제설, “어두운 비다공성 표 면에 유류된 혈지문 형광 증강에 관한 연구,” 한국콘 텐츠학회논문지, 제18권, 제2호, pp.","고온에 노출한 혈지문은 버블링 현상은 개선되지 만, DNA에 영향을 미칠 위험성이 높고 고온에 노출시 키기 번거롭다는 단점이 있다.","또한 혈액지문에서 DNA를 채 취하여 유전자정보를 확보할 수 있기 때문에 더욱 강력\n한 증거로 사용될 수 있다[1][2]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3624002288,"citingcorpusid":244853686,"citedcorpusid":394350,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The inclusion criteria are as follows: (1) Patients with MPE all  confirmed by pleural cytology and/or biopsy; (2)  Moderate  to  large  MPE  measured  by  Bultrasound  or computed  tomography  (CT);  (3)  Age ≥20  years  old,  performance status (PS) 0– 3, ALT <40 IU/L, AST <50 IU/L, serum creatinine <1.","(3) Stable disease (SD) means recurrence of pleural effusion and above half of pre- IPHC level for at least 4 weeks but below the basic level."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3028507570,"citingcorpusid":59630845,"citedcorpusid":197441694,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We chose tha CfA design (Latham 1982) for the degree of refinement of its electronics and because Drs. Latham and Geary of CfA were relatively nearby and very willing to help us.","The articles of Latham (1982), Allen et al. (1983) and Shectman (1983) describe the evolution of the design, at first using longer one-dimensional Reticon arrays and later using a two-dimensional CCD as the sensor element."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":412928718,"citingcorpusid":8545206,"citedcorpusid":7112130,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["complications has been reported to increase in patients 65 years of age and older, as compared with younger women undergoing POP repair [16, 25]."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":1547468953,"citingcorpusid":89526913,"citedcorpusid":86834246,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although heavy leech infestation is not necessarily an indicator of the host specimen’s health status, there have been reported cases over the years of detrimental and even fatal injuries on captive marine turtles caused by the superinfection of these leeches (Davies & Chapman 1974; Schwartz 1974)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":177454846,"citingcorpusid":9782611,"citedcorpusid":3211028,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…isolate; PA Department of Health Hartzell et al. (2011); Uhlich et al. (2013) 43894 (OW) Clinical isolate from human feces (ATCC 43894, CDC EDL932) Uhlich et al. (2001) 43894OR Constitutive curli-producer derived from ATCC 43894 Uhlich et al. (2001) 201–204, 20R1, 20R2R, 20R3 Red variants…","E. coli O157:H7\n380–94 Human isolate, dry-cured salami outbreak 1994; USDA Food Safety Inspection Service\nFratamico et al. (1997)\nB6-914 Clinical isolate from human feces (ATCC 43888) Beutin et al. (1989) PA7 Clinical isolate; PA Department of Health Hartzell et al. (2011); Uhlich et al. (2013) PA20 Clinical isolate; PA Department of Health Hartzell et al. (2011); Uhlich et al. (2013) 43894 (OW) Clinical isolate from human feces (ATCC 43894, CDC EDL932) Uhlich et al. (2001) 43894OR Constitutive curli-producer derived from ATCC 43894 Uhlich et al. (2001) 201–204, 20R1, 20R2R, 20R3 Red variants derived from PA20 This study RV01–RV13 Red variants derived from 380–94 This study RV14–RV26 Red variants derived from B6-914 This study RV27–RV46 Red variants derived from PA7 This study\nSalmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis\n3934 SE1; control for cellulose assay; cellulose +/curli + Uhlich et al. (2006) 942 SE2; control for cellulose assay; cellulose −/curli + Uhlich et al. (2006) 1170/97 SE3; control for cellulose assay; cellulose −/curli − Uhlich et al. (2006)","…(OW) Clinical isolate from human feces (ATCC 43894, CDC EDL932) Uhlich et al. (2001) 43894OR Constitutive curli-producer derived from ATCC 43894 Uhlich et al. (2001) 201–204, 20R1, 20R2R, 20R3 Red variants derived from PA20 This study RV01–RV13 Red variants derived from 380–94 This study…"],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3248524404,"citingcorpusid":189993261,"citedcorpusid":133420360,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…is therefore responding along with other structures in this region (e.g.\nthe Banff and Wick faults) to the WNW(NW)–ESE(SE) extension, which becomes important for basin development and hydrocarbon migration in the Pentland and Moray Firth regions (Dichiarante et al., 2016; Leslie et al., 2016)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2383069256,"citingcorpusid":26089294,"citedcorpusid":85081209,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2013) and breeding populations were modified in design to enhance QTL discovery (Jordan et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":392557280,"citingcorpusid":26385742,"citedcorpusid":140572381,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While the sandy units A and C were probably deposited in shallow water, the massive structure and fine-grained composition of unit B may suggest a lower sedimentation rate at deeper water depth (cf. Coakley & Rust 1968; Lemmen et al. 1988)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1554844688,"citingcorpusid":51686339,"citedcorpusid":47464275,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The use of 24-hour ABPM for the diagnoses of these clinical conditions has been heavily supported by authorities in the field.(52)"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1201106383,"citingcorpusid":108292975,"citedcorpusid":19230166,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, anxiety, associated with excitation of the LC (37, 38) or drugs increasing noradrenergic output to the EWN like noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors (14, 39), lead to an increased sympathetic response on PLR like prolonged latency, reduced amplitude of constriction and faster redilation."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3495101687,"citingcorpusid":237614087,"citedcorpusid":152833333,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This result provides clarity on the mixed evidence on the role of bank size in lending to informationally opaque firms (e.g. Strahan and Weston, 1998; Berger, Goulding, and Rice, 2014; Jayaratne and Wolken, 1999; Berger, Rosen, and Udell, 2007)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":243217328,"citingcorpusid":6619256,"citedcorpusid":152833333,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Credit limits on lines of credits (LOCs) are an important source of financing for small business (Jayaratne and Wolken, 1999 and Mitusch, 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3826907547,"citingcorpusid":250495898,"citedcorpusid":34913018,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Polymers generally used in the synthesis of P-GNPs are cellulose derivatives, chitosan, dextran, gelatin, guar gum, heparin, hyaluronic acid, maltose, polycaprolactone, polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene imine, polystyrene sulfonate, polyvinyl caprolactam, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, pullulan, and xanthan gum are illustrated in (Table 1) [24-40]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1095496564,"citingcorpusid":139636116,"citedcorpusid":95188467,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The reflection coefficient is expressed as a dimensionless constant range from zero to one (Staverman, 1952)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1095497079,"citingcorpusid":139636116,"citedcorpusid":99634903,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["14 The cation exchange capacity is defined as the total number of cations absorbed at a given pH (Favre et al., 2002, 2006; Rhoades, 1982; Stucki et al., 1997).","12\n14\nThe cation exchange capacity is defined as the total number of cations absorbed at a\ngiven pH (Favre et al., 2002, 2006; Rhoades, 1982; Stucki et al., 1997)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1095497948,"citingcorpusid":139636116,"citedcorpusid":94055354,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Many waste containment structures, for example slurry walls and Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCL) with membrane properties are made of clay mixed with other soil particles and other materials (Yoo et al., 2009).","Most naturally occurring bentonites used in environmental containment structures are comprised of Na-montmorillonite mixed with fine grained sand particles (Yoo et al., 2009).","Many waste containment structures, for example slurry walls and Geosynthetic Clay\nLiners (GCL) with membrane properties are made of clay mixed with other soil particles and other materials (Yoo et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":200068422,"citingcorpusid":19256330,"citedcorpusid":112694798,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In Reference [14], considering the coordinated operation of PV and energy storage, researchers put forward the configuration model of the energy storage capacity.","For the dispatch strategy of\nSustainability 2017, 9, 1080; doi:10.3390/su9061080 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability\nenergy storage, Reference [7] proposed an original scheduling approach for the optimal dispatch of energy storage in modern distribution networks based on fuzzy rules.","In Reference [9], based on Reference [8], researchers transferred the positive effects into the economic benefit of the DisCo.","In Reference [10], based on a single feeder, the research put forward the calculation method of the revenue model of the DisCo.","In Reference [8], aimed at a single feed, researchers analyzed the positive effects of an energy storage operation strategy on distribution networks when the gird is under the normal state, including the peak shaving capacity, voltage quality, and active power adjustment capacity, and studied the multi-objective optimization of the energy storage capacity.","The reliability data of the components in the example are set according to Reference [24].","In Reference [13], researchers pointed out that the air condition is an important resource of the load demand side response, especially for commercial users.","It is pointed out in Reference [12] that the rational consideration of the impact of the demand side response in planning would help to improve the overall effectiveness of the planning result.","The parameters of energy storage are set according to Reference [9].","On the basis of the research above, in Reference [10], researchers analyzed the contribution of energy storage to the reliability of distribution networks under the fault state.","The air condition parameters of the commercial users are set according to Reference [23]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2876100596,"citingcorpusid":2279635,"citedcorpusid":21381509,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is a reasonable assumption, given that infants less than 1 year of age have been shown to perceive simple cause-effect relationships (e.g.,  Leslie, 1984a, 1984b;  Oakes & Cohen, 1990; Cohen & Oakes, 1993)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2876100799,"citingcorpusid":2279635,"citedcorpusid":20670356,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Piaget found that, by 18 months of age, children are already able to identify objects external to themselves as causal agents ( Piaget, 1954;  Flavell, 1963)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1922882341,"citingcorpusid":3250612,"citedcorpusid":52201718,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several studies have shown that bees also preferentially collect pollen that is rich in protein (Regali and Rasmont, 1995; Cook et al., 2005; Kitaoka and Nieh, 2009; Leonhardt and Blüthgen, 2012; Konzmann and Lunau, 2014; but see Pernal and Currie, 2002), suggesting that bees are further able to…","Using PER, it was shown that honeybees can smell (Arenas and Farina, 2012), taste (Grüter et al., 2008) and differentiate between different pollen types (Cook et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3148369786,"citingcorpusid":214257222,"citedcorpusid":27778252,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["is wider bandwidth (almost twice of [9]) that is achieved by the excitation of high-order loop resonance modes as compared to other complex bandwidth enhancement techniques presented in [7] and [8].","Moreover, the bandwidth of these antennas can also be increased by using complex techniques presented in literature [7], [8]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":20766897,"citingcorpusid":14092161,"citedcorpusid":9034549,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["APubmed andGoogle searchwas conducted for internetbased resources and open access publications with the terms didelphys uterus or double uterus and cancer or sarcoma or malignancy and we identified 17 cases with endometrial cancer and another case with carcinosarcoma between the years 1952 and 2012 [3–21].","[15] M."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":3147440126,"citingcorpusid":225307780,"citedcorpusid":623760,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["CMV infect with high probability patients suffer from other diseases that cause weakness in\nimmune system such as cancer, dialysis, thyroid gland and Thalassemia and other diseases (Fulop et al., 2013; Rafailidis et al., 2008; Pérez-Solaa et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1886216678,"citingcorpusid":215761298,"citedcorpusid":2893517,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In contrast, the UTC MSc programme in France has developed its curriculum materials based on the “learning by doing” functional approach, similar to the work done by\nMioduser and Dagan [21].","Mioduser and Dagan [24] on the other hand, compared the effectiveness of teaching design processes through functional and structural approaches.","The educational perspectives presented from USA and France, together with\nprevious work by Bennet [20] and Mioduser and Dagan [21] show scope for adopting various teaching approaches at universities in order to improve the curricula."],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":3247546640,"citingcorpusid":231861888,"citedcorpusid":3176168,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["On IJB-A, FAPSC(192,4) boosts the verification accuracy with FAR at 0.001 and the Rank-1 accuracy.","On the challenging dataset IJB-A, FAPSM (200,4) achieves best verification and identification performance.","The test set including LFW, AgeDB-30, CALFW (Zheng, Deng, and Hu 2017), CPLFW, MultiPIE (Gross et al. 2010) and IJB-A (Klare et al. 2015).","On IJB-A, FAPSM (200,4) gains obvious improvement on verification accuracy (3.0% and 7.3%), it also shows superiority on identification accuracy."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":1229590985,"citingcorpusid":198935405,"citedcorpusid":86642374,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The age of this species was determined according to Pallaoro and Jardas (2003), Skeljo and Ferri (2011) and Boughamou et al. (2014).","There have been some studies on length-weight relationships, diets, behaviour, reproduction, habitat and growth of S. tinca in the Aegean and the Mediterranean Sea (Budaev and Zworykin 1998; Taborsky et al. 1987; Warner and Lejeune 1985; Ilhan et al. 2008; Petrakis and Stergiou 1995; Karakulak et al. 2006; Pallaoro and Jardas 2003; Gordoa et al. 2000; Cruz and Lombarte 2004; Ouannes-Ghorbel and Bouain 2006; Skeljo and Ferri 2011; Boughamou et al. 2014) but limited information is known about the biological properties of S. tinca in the Black Sea.","tinca in the Aegean and the Mediterranean Sea (Budaev and Zworykin 1998; Taborsky et al. 1987; Warner and Lejeune 1985; Ilhan et al. 2008; Petrakis and Stergiou 1995; Karakulak et al. 2006; Pallaoro and Jardas 2003; Gordoa et al. 2000; Cruz and Lombarte 2004; Ouannes-Ghorbel and Bouain 2006; Skeljo and Ferri 2011; Boughamou et al. 2014) but limited information is known about the biological properties of S.","…Sea (Budaev and Zworykin 1998; Taborsky et al. 1987; Warner and Lejeune 1985; Ilhan et al. 2008; Petrakis and Stergiou 1995; Karakulak et al. 2006; Pallaoro and Jardas 2003; Gordoa et al. 2000; Cruz and Lombarte 2004; Ouannes-Ghorbel and Bouain 2006; Skeljo and Ferri 2011; Boughamou et al. 2014)…"],"intents":[["methodology"],null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1598425076,"citingcorpusid":202540105,"citedcorpusid":3176168,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["According to IJB-A protocol, only the output feature will be used for testing.","We also demonstrate the strong generalization ability of SSKD by applying it on IJB-A (Klare et al. 2015) and CASIAWebFace (Yi et al. 2014) face recognition benchmarks as well as COCO (Lin et al. 2014) detection benchmark.","Then, the well-trained model is evaluated on IJB-A dataset (Klare et\nal.","We also demonstrate the strong generalization ability of SSKD by applying it on IJB-A (Klare et al. 2015) and CASIAWebFace (Yi et al."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":229637963,"citingcorpusid":12423797,"citedcorpusid":8096637,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In this paper, we assume there exists channel mismatches for the eavesdropper links that are norm-bounded [28,29]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":894917618,"citingcorpusid":18774670,"citedcorpusid":8096637,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The optimal robust design problem for secure MISO CRNs, where the secondary transmitter does not have perfect CSI of all the channels but only knows the uncertainty regions containing the actual channels, was addressed in [21].","Different from the works in [5] and [19]–[21], we investigate the scenario where the CSI of the eavesdroppers’ channels is partially known [9], [22], in the statistical sense."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":227387690,"citingcorpusid":32795662,"citedcorpusid":46449853,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Also Sato [10] exclude the thyroarytenoid muscle from the paraglottic space.","some state that the preepiglottic space extends lateral and posterolateral to the epiglottic cartilage, with its posterior end near the anteroposterior midpoint of the thyroid lamina [10].","In the literature several names and definitions referring to this space are found [7, 10].","According to other authors these spaces are not [8], or only partly delineated from each other [10];"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1136478352,"citingcorpusid":141883998,"citedcorpusid":44047963,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The responses offered by participants confirm the “banking” relationship that Freire (1972) challenges with emancipatory education.","These emancipatory elements can develop critical awareness along the lines of Freire’s (1972) notion of conscientization and may empower learners to challenge societal practices and expectations that render difficult HIV prevention.","The language used in these policy documents around the policies’ aims can be argued to fit with Freire’s (1972) philosophy on education and the development of critical consciousness.","When appropriately implemented, sport and physical education can encompass learners’ active engagement in the spirit of Freire’s (1972) education for critical awareness."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3391076422,"citingcorpusid":236280165,"citedcorpusid":120228562,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["On this basis, Ust [39,40] presented a new ecological objective function, known as the ecological coefficient of performance (ECOP), which is the ratio of output power to power dissipation."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":791619499,"citingcorpusid":5352760,"citedcorpusid":4654907,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, Walker et al. (2010) noted that sensitivity to the mapping of high pitch to pointiness might be driven in part by the realization that because pointier objects tend to be formed from harder materials they are more likely than are curved objects to make a higher pitched sound when…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1077567929,"citingcorpusid":127220634,"citedcorpusid":62233293,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Department of Defense programs that have been or are currently engaged in airborne landmine detection systems development are the following: Airborne Minefield Detection and Reconnaissance Systems (AMIDARS) [3], Remote Minefield Detection System (REMIDS) [4], Airborne Standoff Minefield Detection System (ASTAMIDS) [3], Coastal Battlefield Reconnaissance and Analysis System (COBRA) [5], Airborne Infrared Measurement System (AIRMS) [6], Airborne Far IR Minefield Detection System (AFIRMIS) [7], and the Lightweight Airborne Multispectral Minefield Detection System (LAMD) [8].","2 Some of the U.S. Department of Defense programs that have been or are cur-\nrently engaged in airborne landmine detection systems development are the following: Airborne Minefield Detection and Reconnaissance Systems (AMIDARS) [3], Remote Minefield Detection System (REMIDS) [4], Airborne Standoff Minefield Detection System (ASTAMIDS) [3], Coastal Battlefield Reconnaissance and Analysis System (COBRA) [5], Airborne Infrared Measurement System (AIRMS) [6], Airborne Far IR Minefield Detection System (AFIRMIS) [7], and the Lightweight Airborne Multispectral Minefield Detection System (LAMD) [8]."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":1105810848,"citingcorpusid":137496044,"citedcorpusid":25779843,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Another study identified large stresses at the entrant site of a half-pin installed in a block of cancellous bone under vertical loading (Board et al., 2007).","Despite the relatively thin diameter of Ilizarov wires, they are associated with low rates of loosening at epiphyseal and metaphyseal locations (Ali et al., 2003; Board et al., 2007).","Ilizarov wires are associated with a lower rate of loosening than half-pins during external fixation (Ali et al., 2003; Board et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":196920809,"citingcorpusid":8848865,"citedcorpusid":67831292,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Instead of evaluating the singular values of the full [H] matrix, the singular values of the top and bottom 3 × 6 sub-matrices are considered in the work by Bandyopadhyay and Ghosal [22].","The key steps and some of the main results in reference [22] are presented next.","These eigenproblems have the following characteristics (see [22] for details):\n• The eigenvalues λF and λM are real and nonnegative.","The experimental results demonstrate that Gough-Stewart platform based force-torque sensors, especially the ones in a near-singular configuration, have a lot of promise."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":869063015,"citingcorpusid":9102167,"citedcorpusid":23318933,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It is now generally accepted that the conserved homeotic genes, or Hox genes, function to establish varied patterns among homologous animal structures (reviewed by Gellon and McGinnis, 1998; Hughes and Kaufman,\n0925-4773/$ - see front matter 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.","The Hox gene products, which comprise a conserved family of homeodomain transcription factors, function during Drosophila embryonic development to specify segmental identity (reviewed by Gellon and McGinnis, 1998; Hughes and Kaufman, 2002; Lewis, 1978).","Although homologous, legs from different segments have distinct morphological features.","Keywords: Delta; Sex combs reduced; Ultrabithorax; Hox; achaete; Legs; Sensory organs"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":116917764,"citingcorpusid":31328947,"citedcorpusid":123722727,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Numerous decomposition techniques are listed in [1], and there are many numerical techniques in power issues that have been developed for solving these problems, such as the successive quadratic programming (SQP) methods [2]–[4], the Lagrange Newton (LN) methods [5], [6], the interior point (IP) methods [7]–[9], and the Lagrange relaxation (LR) method [15].","Remark: For the purpose of verifying the efficiency of the proposed algorithm within different test systems in the asynchronous computing environment, we choose another more complicated and bigger test system, the IEEE 244-bus system [9]."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2629097063,"citingcorpusid":120736493,"citedcorpusid":123722727,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Examples are the successive quadratic programming (SQP) methods [2,5,17], the Lagrange Newton (LN) method [16] and the interiorpoint method [18] for OPF problems; and the reduced gradient (RG) method [6,12], the gradient-projection (GP) method [14], the Lagrange relaxation (LR) method [14], the truncated quadratic programming (TQP) method [4], and the parallel projection (PP) method [15] for NMNF problems."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":532322640,"citingcorpusid":52123476,"citedcorpusid":123722727,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Based on the classical primal-dual interior point method (PDIPM) [20], [24], by introducing slack variables l(q) [l1(q), .","Usually, the barrier parameter is made proportional to the duality gap, and the step lengths are determined by the changes in primal and dual variables [20], [24]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1583318490,"citingcorpusid":202232443,"citedcorpusid":54183710,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[37], however in this paper we assume that only the Z ′ boson can be produced at the energy scale available at the LHC.","[37] where tree-level exchange of the Z ′ contributes to b → sμ+μ− processes, and can explain in particular the apparent violation of lepton flavor universality encoded in the RK ∗ observables.","However, in the setup of [37] in the absence of fine-tuning one expects |gbs | ∼ |Vtsgbb|, where |Vts | ≈ 0.","[37] where Z ′, in addition to the coupling to muons, also possesses a sizable coupling to bb̄.","One signature, already discussed in several previous works [32,37], is the resonant dimuon production, pp → Z ′ → μ+μ−."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1594780768,"citingcorpusid":136954201,"citedcorpusid":115567216,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This phenomenon results from the process of dynamic (migration) recrystallization caused by the nucleation of new ice grains (Lliboutry & Duval 1985)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2181203306,"citingcorpusid":204429676,"citedcorpusid":85339323,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This implies that sustainable growth is a bad oxymoron (Daly, 1990), as any increase in the consumption of resources from the finite global ecosystem will result in resource depletion, as will indeed any continued consumption of resources in a steady-state economy."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":925911551,"citingcorpusid":17672019,"citedcorpusid":23338131,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["No significant difference was found in the contents of moisture and oil between Zhao OP-6/O2O2 and Zhao OP-6/o2o2 (S1 Table), although these lines showed difference from CA339 in moisture and oil contents and hardness.","Pattern A indicated the origin of recurrent parent Zhao OP-6, B for non-recurrent parent CA339, H for heterozygous genotype, and U for unidentified genotype.","Under SEM, the starch granules of Zhao OP-6/o2o2 were compact and embedded in a dense proteinaceous matrix (Fig 2C), while those of Zhao OP-6/O2O2 and CA339 had relative smooth, loosely packed starch granules (Fig 2C) with little contact with protein bodies (Fig 2D).","Moreover, the 27-kDa γ-zein has been demonstrated to play a key role in endosperm modification by RNAi and γ-radiation; its accumulation contributes to a rigid matrix vitreous endosperm as well [34,39].","These two α-zeins showed considerably reduced accumulation in the donor parent CA339.","The transcript abundance of o2 in Zhao OP-6/o2o2 was similar to that in CA339.","Notably, in comparison with Zhao OP-6/O2O2, the content of 27-kDa γ-zein was significantly increased in Zhao OP-6/o2o2, which is similar to CA339 [34].","However, some specific fragments of CA339 were also found in Zhao OP-6/o2o2 by calculating the recovery rate of original genetic background.","The band pattern of Zhao OP-6/o2o2 was consistent with that of CA339/o2o2 and Zhao OP-6/O2O2, indicating that the o2 allele has been successfully introgressed into the genetic background of Zhao OP-6/O2O2.","As shown in Fig 1A, two markers (phi057 and phi112) specific for the o2 allele were found to be polymorphic between the waxy maize Zhao OP-6/O2O2 and the QPM CA339/o2o2, and phi027 of the wx1 allele had\nPLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0158971 July 8, 2016 5 / 16\npolymorphism between the parents.","This observation corresponds to the putative role of increased 27-kDa γ-zein in CA339 endosperm [34].","Plant materials QPMCA339 derived from pool33 (Centro Internacional de MejoramientodeMaizy Trigo, Mexico DF, Mexico) was used as the non-recurrent parent (donor)."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],null,null,["result"],null,null,null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":393743949,"citingcorpusid":43500059,"citedcorpusid":208793030,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This phenomenon, also known as “frustrated phagocytosis”, occurs when the size of target is too large to be engulfed, and is usually found in the uptake of particularly long particles such as asbestos, leading to incomplete clearance and inflammation [15]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":986439397,"citingcorpusid":62836690,"citedcorpusid":123225946,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["5 above, is called an epimorphism up to direct factors in [6].","Following [6], the functor T has a canonical factorization T = I ◦ S, where S : U → G is bijective on objects and I : G → C is fully faithful.","3), but also the main result of Krause’s paper [6], concerning epimorphisms up to direct factors (Proposition 3.","5 we give another proof of the main result in [6] that an epimorphism up to direct factors is exactly what we call a lax epimorphism.","Another interesting result concerning lax epimorphisms of rings with several objects makes the object of investigations of Krause’s work [6]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1535556366,"citingcorpusid":159163051,"citedcorpusid":84761209,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["On-farm or controlled field trials can potentially identify the treatment effects of technologies, although trials can be unintentionally compromised (Whitbread et al., 2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3309374507,"citingcorpusid":232408955,"citedcorpusid":45645480,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…geometrid moths, Idaea aversata, I. straminata and I. biselata, use different 7,9-dodecadienyl acetates as pheromone components, with (Z,Z)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate acting synergistically in field trapping of I. aversata (Ando et al. 1987; Biwer et al. 1975; Szőcs et al. 1987; Zhu et al.\n1996).","When D3–16:acid was applied to pheromone glands of I. aversata, label was incorporated into both Z9,Z11–14:OAc and Z7,Z9–12:OAc suggesting that, in this case, the dodecadienyl precursor is a chain-shortening product of the longer C14 homolog (Zhu et al. 1996).","(Z)11-[13,13,14,14,14-2H5] Tetradecenoic acid (D5-Z11–14:acid) was synthesized as described in Zhu et al. (1996)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":55316507,"citingcorpusid":8042055,"citedcorpusid":8973350,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We conclude that it may be worthwhile to integrate a multi-relational decision tree learner in MSSQL. Keywords: multi-relational, data mining, algorithm, decision trees, databases, sql server, nested tables."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":154729086,"citingcorpusid":46786307,"citedcorpusid":129070538,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Using the method of sound transmission measurement of seabed sediment samples’s travel time, amplitude and frequency change and waveform can calculate the seabed sediment acoustic parameters, such as sound velocity, sound attenuation, and study the seabed sediment acoustics and the physical parameters and the correlation between acoustic and structural characteristics [3-5]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3441048182,"citingcorpusid":234272268,"citedcorpusid":46705562,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, numerical results show that the proposed convergence rates for existing methods are usually pessimistic (see [6, 17, 43]).","In [17] fractional differentiation matrices were proposed based on JPFs and Jacobi-Gauss-Lobatto (JGL) points to construct spectral collocation methods."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2862307366,"citingcorpusid":143624271,"citedcorpusid":143966261,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Some organizational grievance procedures offer arbitration as the final level of appeal (Ewing, 1989; McCabe, 1988).","grievances (Costantino & Merchant, 1996; Ewing, 1989) or limited to the activities","They do not have the authority to change policy or offer alternative solutions to the conflict (Ewing, 1989; McCabe, 1988).","While the most common in-house conflict management designs are opendoor policies (Ewing, 1989; Lipsky & Seeber, 1997; McCabe, 1988; McDermott, 1995), the informal nature of these policies combined with employees' fears of negative repercussions has resulted in the creation of more formal venues for expressing grievances.","resources representative or a senior executive officer of the organization (Ewing, 1989)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1143295501,"citingcorpusid":154295554,"citedcorpusid":90424637,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["With no sprinkler irrigation in addition to capillary rise, higher fruit yields resulted from a 30–38 cm WTD in three out of five years when compared to 38–46 cm and in four out of five years when compared to 46–54 cm [19].","However, our findings differ from older studies where the authors concluded that WTD should be maintained between 30–50 cm based on soil water characteristics only [18] or between 30–38 cm when yield were considered, but without the use of sprinkler irrigation [19]."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":2376064201,"citingcorpusid":154889507,"citedcorpusid":95970904,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The more realistic assumption, given the experiences of forest liming (Löfgren et al. 2009), which was used in the baseline simulations shows that acidified forest land should not be treated with ash with the aim of restoring lakes and streams from acidification.","Themost optimistic result that can be expected, given the experiences of forest liming (Löfgren et al. 2009), is that 0.","For the recreational values we have in this study used data from Paulrud (2001) of costs related to recreational fishing in the county of Bohuslän in southern Sweden."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":328323482,"citingcorpusid":6395835,"citedcorpusid":27290079,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…concept for a sonar receiver has been developed based on the morphology and functional principle of the dolphin lower jaw; direct mimicry lead to the innovation of using endfire arrays in monopulse mode for angular localization, which provide high-resolution output in shallow water (Dobbins, 2007).","A new concept for a sonar receiver has been developed based on the morphology and functional principle of the dolphin lower jaw; direct mimicry lead to the innovation of using endfire arrays in monopulse mode for angular localization, which provide high-resolution output in shallow water (Dobbins, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2694733679,"citingcorpusid":81449561,"citedcorpusid":12152305,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["factors ( 24 ,28). Because ODC activity and cellular polyamine levels are increased in breast cancer compared with normal breast tissue (10,11), we hypothesized that constitutive activation of the polyamine pathway could provide breast cancer cells with a growth advantage, possibly bypassing the need for estrogen stimulation and contributing to the acquisition of hormone independence."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":487140804,"citingcorpusid":53480428,"citedcorpusid":13977804,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["mean-field limit) has been rigorously proven for a number of models (Braun and Hepp, 1977; Visser, 2008; Degond and Motsch, 2008; Carrillo et al., 2010; Bolley et al., 2011); however, it still remains an open problem, especially in the presence of noise.","Important progress has been achieved, for instance, in modelling the collective motion of large number of individuals where the density-dependent asymptotic for N ! 1 has been proven in a rigorous manner (Grünbaum, 1994; Degond and Motsch, 2008; Carrillo et al., 2010; Bolley et al., 2011).","…models (i.e. the convergence to the mean-field limit) has been rigorously proven for a number of models (Braun and Hepp, 1977; Visser, 2008; Degond and Motsch, 2008; Carrillo et al., 2010; Bolley et al., 2011); however, it still remains an open problem, especially in the presence of noise.","1 has been proven in a rigorous manner (Grünbaum, 1994; Degond and Motsch, 2008; Carrillo et al., 2010; Bolley et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":452436793,"citingcorpusid":2770512,"citedcorpusid":13600451,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Herbold et al. [13] developed a tool to capture usage logs for replaying bugs."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1089622411,"citingcorpusid":210029,"citedcorpusid":129103231,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Florida Straits are expected to represent a formidable geographic barrier to slow-moving, planktotrophic larvae, since currents may reach up to 30 million ft3/s or 25–100 cm/s (Mayr 1954; Messing et al. 1990; Niiler and Richardson 1973; Reed 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3687606997,"citingcorpusid":210029,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Extensive descriptions of both SSCP and AFLP protocols have been described in detail elsewhere (Lopez et al. 1999a; Lopez and Knowlton 1997; Vos et al. 1995).","…culture samples does not prohibit the detection of sponge genetic markers and band patterns, which suggests that such molecular probes would be useful even if there are obligate (endo-) symbionts (Burja et al. 1999; Friedrich et al. 1999; Fuerst et al. 1999; Lopez et al. 1999b; Wilkinson 1987).","The possibility for a bacterial or fungal genomic source for the TL13B and TL13C loci is very difficult to eliminate entirely because the efficiency of obtaining pure microbial symbiont cultures for comparative testing is considered to be less than 1% (Button et al. 1993; Lopez et al. 1999b).","…of the AFLP bands in the fingerprint patterns of somatic Axinella samples may be derived from microbial symbionts commonly associated with marine sponges (Lopez et al. 1999b; Wilkinson 1987), it was decided that total reliance on AFLP patterns for sponge cell verification in vitro was not possible.","…in the form of DNA banding patterns that are highly specific to the individual and sample-wide swaths of a genome (Gilbert et al. 1990; Lopez et al. 1999a; Welsh and McClelland 1990), and (2) single-locus characterization by DNA sequencing (Avise 1994; Hoelzel and Green 1992; Karl…","Many marine sponge species host a wide microbial consortium (Burja et al. 1999; Lopez et al. 1999b; Wilkinson 1987), and distinguishing sponge host cells from microbial associates would serve as an adequate test for marker utility.","…on A ugust 2, 2010 http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org\nD ow nloaded from\nLopez et al • Genetic markers for Axinella corrugata 31\nusing the modified AFLP technique (Lopez et al. 1999a), sponge AFLP patterns appeared predominantly as low molecular weight ( 700 bp) bands with high background smearing."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2208828804,"citingcorpusid":7644759,"citedcorpusid":477266,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Employment and participation in social organizations and religious activities are protective factors against suicide.(28,29) I was unable to adjust for these factors in the current study owing to the lack of available data."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1825712546,"citingcorpusid":53629977,"citedcorpusid":477266,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Nevertheless, the widespread replacement of highly toxic barbiturate medication with benzodiazepines in the 1960s (Steenkamp & Harrison, 2000) reduced male and female suicide rates and underscored the potential of method restriction as a prevention measure (see also Moscicki, 1995)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3198843535,"citingcorpusid":28967844,"citedcorpusid":477266,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Affective disorders, in particular depression, have been found to be a predictive factor for self-injurious behaviour, especially among the older age groups (Conwell et al., 1996; Isometsä, 2000; Lawrence, Almeida, Hulse, Jabelensky, & D’arcy J. Holman, 2000; Mościcki, 1995)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3636831389,"citingcorpusid":245515170,"citedcorpusid":116497899,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2018), satellite constellations (Ivanov et al., 2019; Russell Carpenter, 2002; Shaw, 1999), automated highway control (Alam et al.","…et al., 1996), unmanned underwater formations (Curtin et al., 1993; Healey, 2001; Viegas et al.,2012 ; Yuan et al.,2018 ), satellite constellations (Ivanov et al., 2019; Russell Car-penter, 2002; Shaw, 1999), automated highway con-trol (Alam et al., 2015; Bender, 1991; Mu et al.,2016 ; Yanakiev &…"],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2074348249,"citingcorpusid":173188882,"citedcorpusid":21191371,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The lack of adequate, clear and complete documentation is mentioned as a barrier in the literature [2] [7] [15], which again suggest that our results are consistent with previous work.","e, in providing support to unclear and insufficient instructions in tasks’ documentation [16] and removing crowd’s misconceptions and concerns [15] during SW CS challenges."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2543088937,"citingcorpusid":45901087,"citedcorpusid":13694518,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, images from Mars, as well as spectral data provided by different instruments in orbit and on the surface of the planet, give support to distinctive episodes of water release on Mars’ surface in the past, including ocean-related landforms (Baker, 2001; Clifford and Parker, 2001; Fairén et al., 2003; Head et al., 1998; Parker et al., 1993), massive layered outcrops (Malin and Edgett, 2000a), valley networks and accompanying fluvial redistribution of sediments (Bhattacharya et al."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":45604813,"citingcorpusid":7227000,"citedcorpusid":34016629,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, mitochondrial abnormality has been a controversial issue; some authors have reported increased percentages of ragged-red fibers and cytochrome c oxidase-negative fibers and decreased levels of respiratory chain complex activities [3,  6 ], while others have reported that mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormalities do not seem to be significant in DM/ PM patients compared to control subjects [5, 12].","Mitochondrial abnormalities similar to those in patients with mitochondrial diseases are found in skeletal muscles of patients with DM or PM [ 6 ]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2358624048,"citingcorpusid":30041366,"citedcorpusid":25798692,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Tryptase purified from human mast cells (70 BPVANA U/mg; Fitzgerald, Acton, MA) was mixed with 15-kDa heparin from porcine stomach (Sigma-Aldrich) in a 1:10 molar ratio of tryptase/ heparin immediately after thawing (50).","Tryptase requires stabilization by heparin to be enzymatically active (50).","Tryptase and thrombin are proteolytically active over short time frames in wounds and in scar tissue (26, 50)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3219066459,"citingcorpusid":55765126,"citedcorpusid":118955469,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Finally, it would further be important to understand all these results in the Nariai limit important especially in the early universe scenario [11, 12, 13, 14]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2436436197,"citingcorpusid":2316974,"citedcorpusid":13464861,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The potential advantages of using tactile stimuli that activate a relatively homogenous population of mechanoreceptors corresponding to a local definite skin area were widely acknowledged [Franzén and Offenloch, 1969; Hashimoto et al., 1990; Pratt et al., 1980].","The potential advantages of using tactile stimuli that activate a relatively homogenous population of mechanoreceptors corresponding to a local definite skin area were widely acknowledged [Franzén and Offenloch, 1969; Hashimoto et al., 1990; Pratt et al., 1980]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":157619960,"citingcorpusid":20209787,"citedcorpusid":26921180,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["enza virus (17, 18) and mycobacteria (19, 20), as well as to sys-","We (17) and others (18–20) have previously reported that IL-10 can be detrimental for the protection against other pathogens, including influenza virus and mycobacteria."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":309132585,"citingcorpusid":22436761,"citedcorpusid":14544987,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In [14], the authors use the node degree-based WCL and in [15], the authors propose linear-regression-based WCL to improve the performance of hop count localization using centralization and calibration using linear regression and correction.","The mean localization error using [14], [15] is close to 1."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3355871352,"citingcorpusid":234007488,"citedcorpusid":39410507,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In general, the attacker is considered to attack one target at a time [9] , hence the attack strategy can be expressed by the probability of the target being attacked [16] ."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":576947560,"citingcorpusid":54773384,"citedcorpusid":39410507,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of network infrastructures to earthquakes (Menoni et al., 2002), and interdependencies between different networks (Rinaldi et al., 2001; Petit et al., 2004; Robert, 2002; Robert et al., 2003a,b,c; Chiaradonna et al., 2011; Ge et al., 2010; Johansson and Hassel, 2010; Ouyang et al., 2009).",", 2002), and interdependencies between different networks (Rinaldi et al., 2001; Petit et al., 2004; Robert, 2002; Robert et al., 2003a,b,c; Chiaradonna et al., 2011; Ge et al., 2010; Johansson and Hassel, 2010; Ouyang et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1909334876,"citingcorpusid":158819551,"citedcorpusid":155042621,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["in the Council, it has been argued that Norwegian sector ministries are likely to be even more strongly ‘hit’ by the Commission than member states’ ministries (Egeberg and Trondal 1999; Trondal 2002).","Still, compared to contemporary instances of EU external governance, Norway is by far the most strongly integrated EU non-member through a dense web of institutionalized relations (Egeberg and Trondal 1999; Fossum and Graver 2018; Lavenex 2011).","Since Norway is not subjected to political representation in the Council, it has been argued that Norwegian sector ministries are likely to be even more strongly ‘hit’ by the Commission than member states’ ministries (Egeberg and Trondal 1999; Trondal 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":32073156,"citingcorpusid":1941724,"citedcorpusid":881940,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A high macrofilaricidal effect is consistent with the sustained reductions in mean Mf intensity that are seen in clinical trials [20, 21], and is backed up by evidence from ultrasonography studies demonstrating a loss of motility following treatment [22, 23], although uncertainty remains on the quantitative efficacy estimates.","Based on the common assumption that adult worms live for about 5 years, it was thought that 4–6 yearly mass treatment would interrupt transmission if a sufficiently large proportion of the population receives treatment [21] and 2020 was set as target year for global elimination."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1218719252,"citingcorpusid":156210811,"citedcorpusid":131721838,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Brazil’s Southeastern region (including São Paulo) and neighboring countries are major recipients of this transport (Arraut et al. 2012).","Brazil’s Southeastern region (including São Paulo) and neighboring countries are major recipients of this transport (Arraut et al. 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":985172861,"citingcorpusid":54605906,"citedcorpusid":128262023,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The Grenoble ice sheet and land ice (GRISLI) model is one of these simpler models (Ritz et al., 2001). GRISLI consists of the combination of the inland ice model of Ritz (1992) & Ritz et al. (1997) and the ice shelf model of Rommelaere and Ritz (1996), extended to the case of ice streams treated as dragging ice shelves. GRISLI was in the late nineties the first large scale ice sheet model with an hybrid shallow ice / shallow shelf system of equations. Whilst since Ritz et al. (2001) the 30 fundamental equations for ice dynamics have not drastically changed, the model has nonetheless benefited from numerous contributions.","Peyaud (2006) added a simple diffusive basal hydrology scheme in GRISLI.","In the following, we provide a complete description of the hydrology model because it has only been described in a French PhD dissertation (Peyaud, 2006) but currently lacks a description in an international scientific journal.","In the following we provide a complete description of the hydrology model because it has only been described in a French Phd dissertation (Peyaud, 2006) but currently lacks a description in an international scientific journal.","The Grenoble ice sheet and land ice (GRISLI) model is one of these simpler models (Ritz et al., 2001). GRISLI consists of the combination of the inland ice model of Ritz (1992) & Ritz et al. (1997) and the ice shelf model of Rommelaere and Ritz (1996), extended to the case of ice streams treated as dragging ice shelves.","The Grenoble ice sheet and land ice (GRISLI) model is one of these simpler models (Ritz et al., 2001). GRISLI consists of the combination of the inland ice model of Ritz (1992) & Ritz et al."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1886661301,"citingcorpusid":25558574,"citedcorpusid":10821745,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Tertiary structure and long-range RNA-RNA interaction may also be factors in regulating virus replication process (Alvarez et al., 2005; Edgil and Harris, 2006; Khromykh et al., 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2588587111,"citingcorpusid":82151779,"citedcorpusid":39855443,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Subsequent studies reported prevalences of 75-100% with the highest intensities of infection ever described worldwide (Stelma et al. 1993, 1995; Gryseels et al. 1994; Picquet et al. 1996; Ernould et al. 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":910947544,"citingcorpusid":21261545,"citedcorpusid":10821745,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is closely related to dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Kunjin virus (KUNV).","…motif in the 5′ region of the C gene, which is known to be required for replication in other mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as DENV, YFV, KUNV, and WNV (Alvarez et al, 2005; Bredenbeek et al, 2003; Corver et al, 2003; Hahn et al, 1987; Khromykh et al, 2001; Lo et al, 2003; You et al, 2001).","This finding is consistent with the proposed cyclization sequence motif in the 5′ region of the C gene, which is known to be required for replication in other mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as DENV, YFV, KUNV, and WNV (Alvarez et al, 2005; Bredenbeek et al, 2003; Corver et al, 2003; Hahn et al, 1987; Khromykh et al, 2001; Lo et al, 2003; You et al, 2001).","In the past few years, heterologous genes have been expressed in the context of (i) an infectious virus genome, in the case of WNV (Pierson et al, 2005) and tick-borne encenphalitis virus (TBEV) (Gehrke et al, 2005); or (ii) a replicon lacking viral structural proteins (C, prM, and E), in the case of several flaviviruses, including DENV (Pang et al, 2001), YFV (Jones et al, 2005; Mason et al, 2006; Molenkamp et al, 2003), WNV (Fayzulin et al, 2006; Lo et al, 2003; Mason et al, 2006; Shi et al, 2002), KUNV (Khromykh and Westaway, 1997; Varnavski and Khromykh, 1999), and TBEV (Gehrke et al, 2005).","…sequence motif in the 5′ region of the C gene, which is required for replication in other mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as DENV, YFV, KUNV, and WNV (Alvarez et al, 2005; Bredenbeek et al, 2003; Corver et al, 2003; Hahn et al, 1987; Khromykh et al, 2001; Lo et al, 2003; You et al, 2001).","In all cases, the region of deletion was carefully determined with respect to the membrane topology of each structural protein so that the transmembrane domains located in the C-termini remained intact. pJEV/Rep/3luc/ CC was identical to pJEV/Rep/3luc/ C, except that an additional 5′ deletion (nt 132 to 201) extended to include the proposed cyclization sequence motif in the 5′ region of the C gene, which is required for replication in other mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as DENV, YFV, KUNV, and WNV (Alvarez et al, 2005; Bredenbeek et al, 2003; Corver et al, 2003; Hahn et al, 1987; Khromykh et al, 2001; Lo et al, 2003; You et al, 2001)."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":279285281,"citingcorpusid":1607701,"citedcorpusid":10821745,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To undergo replication, DENV, as well as other flavivirus genomes, cyclize through complementarity at conserved elements in the 59 and 39 ends of the viral RNA [51]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1676224848,"citingcorpusid":108997513,"citedcorpusid":59757563,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["preserving their rank correlation [81] , and hence capturing the"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":393203521,"citingcorpusid":34601591,"citedcorpusid":25126188,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["J Surg Transplant Sci 4(1): 1019 (2016) 2/3 repair at the same time because of the benefits of doing it in a single anesthetic time, avoiding the risk of strangulation or incarceration in the time spent between the two procedures, reducing the stress of the patient with another operation and avoiding the cost of another surgical procedure [3,5,6]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3365664120,"citingcorpusid":225428157,"citedcorpusid":81262032,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For a long time, researchers have been developing protocols to overcome the recalcitrance of chestnut to clonal propagation and allow large scale production of selected genotypes [26]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1636386785,"citingcorpusid":208630591,"citedcorpusid":1193000,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In following studies, [20], [21] the approach was extended to binocular cameras, making use of the depth information available."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":600846691,"citingcorpusid":56464251,"citedcorpusid":137357768,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recrystallization is a process during deformation (dynamic recrystallization) where new dislocation free grains are formed from a recovered or deformed grain that contains dislocations (Rollett et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3754749476,"citingcorpusid":217547520,"citedcorpusid":60141857,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Furthermore, Hyland (2007) mentions that writing genre is a group of texts that share similar rhetorical and structural features to serve a communicative purpose that can be easily identified by members of a certain community.","For Hyland (2007), the writing performance of the EFL students who were exposed to a genre-based approach was better than the writing performance of those who were exposed to the process","According to Hyland (2003), genre becomes a kind of language object to study using Systemic Functional Linguistic as a basic and fundamental framework of the usage of the language in terms of genre.","According to Hyland (2003), genre becomes a kind of language object to study using Systemic Functional Linguistic as a basic and fundamental framework of the usage of the language in terms of genre. Moreover, Christie (2000) states that genre is the particular usage of the language in a certain social circumstance such as interview genre, media genre, or advertisement genre, and so forth.","Furthermore, Hyland (2007) mentions that writing genre is a group of texts that share similar rhetorical and structural features to serve a communicative purpose that can be easily identified by members of a certain community. This interpretation rests on Reppen’s (1995) assertion of the significance of genre in offering students many chances to comprehend the various purposes of written texts and how to organize the tackled information differently.","Furthermore, Hyland (2007) mentions that writing genre is a group of texts that share similar rhetorical and structural features to serve a communicative purpose that can be easily identified by members of a certain community. This interpretation rests on Reppen’s (1995) assertion of the significance of genre in offering students many chances to comprehend the various purposes of written texts and how to organize the tackled information differently. Pedagogically, Widodo (2006) demonstrates that a genre based approach to teaching EFL writing focuses on the conventions of a particular text type and attempts to help students understand the text purpose, its audience, and its organization."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":346649023,"citingcorpusid":10608480,"citedcorpusid":45314308,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Of particular importance is the nigrostriatal pathway that connects the SNc to the striatum, which is formed by the axons of dopaminergic cells in the SNc (Haber, 2003; Hajos & Greenfield, 1994)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1168935287,"citingcorpusid":167121280,"citedcorpusid":153814878,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["%) is comparable to the acquired rate observed in Jain and Kini (1999) (17%).","As in Jain and Kini (1999), we followed each firm five years after the IPO and classify it based on its post-issue state into three alternative categories: survivors, acquired firms and failed firms.15 To carry out this classification, we checked the information provided by the LSPD database about…","We segment our IPO sample into three groups on the basis of their post-IPO evolution to one of the three basic states defined by Jain and Kini (1999): survivors, acquired firms or failed firms.","We combine these two methods of inferring the determinants of the going public decision in our research.","Following Jain and Kini (1999), the acquired group comprises IPOs that are subsequently acquired by an existing public or private company or taken private.","The survival rate in our sample is higher than the 69% reported in Jain and Kini (1999) for a sample of 877 US IPOs."],"intents":[["result"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":2684670096,"citingcorpusid":221170351,"citedcorpusid":152336625,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Nelson Mandela (1993) cited the Foreign Affairs Journal in visualis-","Nelson Mandela (1993) cited the Foreign Affairs Journal in visualising South Africa's future foreign policy and stated, \"South Africa cannot escape from its African identity\", which creates a South\nJournal of Public Administration • Volume 50 • Number 4 • December 2015\n857\nAfrican Government, led…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":101449103,"citingcorpusid":3243912,"citedcorpusid":1861068,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The ideal Soliton degree distribution [9] with degree D1 = 4 is chosen for the first information window which contains K1 = 10 bits.","LT block codes are shown to achieve the Shannon limit for channels with erasures [9].","Luby Transform (LT) codes [9] are rateless error control codes which are suitable schemes for erasure channels."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3089141709,"citingcorpusid":222451580,"citedcorpusid":152336625,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["54 claimed in 1993 that South Africa is ‘inextricably part of southern Africa and our destiny is linked to that of a region’ (Mandela, 1993).","…of justice and respect for international law, peace and resolution of conflict through internationally agreed mechanisms, a commitment to the interest of Africa in world affairs, and finally a focus on economic development through regional and international cooperation (Mandela, 1993).","Mandela\n46 In 1995, SADC countries purchased 89,5%of South Africa’s exports to Africa (Molefi, 2003).\nclaimed in 1993 that South Africa is ‘inextricably part of southern Africa and our destiny is linked to that of a region’ (Mandela, 1993).","Already in 1993, when Mandela gave his influential speech, two of his six principles for foreign policy emphasized the need to work in the respect of international law, and concerns and interests of the continent of Africa should prime (Mandela, 1993).","On this latter organization however, the ANC and Mandela’s stance was clear: for them, the Security Council should not be dominated by a single power, or group of powers in order to foster South interests as well (Mandela, 1993; Lotze et al., 2015; Interview 1).","In 1993, Nelson Mandela, then president of the ANC, made an influential speech presenting the six pillars upon which South African foreign policy rested: the centrality of human rights, the promotion of democracy, a consideration of justice and respect for international law, peace and resolution of conflict through internationally agreed mechanisms, a commitment to the interest of Africa in world affairs, and finally a focus on economic development through regional and international cooperation (Mandela, 1993)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3873395786,"citingcorpusid":11331676,"citedcorpusid":98455448,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similarly, the use of cost-effective reversed-phase cartridge columns in the present method resulted in poor resolution between an unknown endogenous compound and cyclosporine peaks (16).","The optimum conditions for the extraction of cyclosporine were described earlier for the manual Bond-Elut procedures (15, 16).","We analyzed 70 samples by the Bond-Elut extraction procedure (16), and compared the results with those by the AASP procedure, finding them generally comparable."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":440164051,"citingcorpusid":1516196,"citedcorpusid":46874268,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The antibody-binding epitope of Alt a 1 was determined by human IgE and rabbit anti-Alt a 1 IgG recognition of the synthesized peptide corresponding to the amino acid sites 4–23 of the mature protein (Breitenbach and Simon-Nobbe, 2002; Zhang et al., 1995).","Of particular interest was the portion of Alt a 1 that corresponds to the antibody-binding epitope of A. alternata (Zhang et al., 1995).","For the antibody-binding epitope region of the Alt a 1 (Zhang et al., 1995) spanning aligned amino acid sites 22–41, amino acid identity between species ranged from 70 to 100%."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":899048916,"citingcorpusid":27854670,"citedcorpusid":989581,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These cell lines have been extensively characterized and shown by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis to express markers that are typical of the tumors from which they were derived.(31) Frozen subcultures for each cell line were thawed and grown in RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, California) supplemented with 10% bovine calf serum (Invitrogen), 2mM L-glutamine (Invitrogen), and 100-U/mL penicillin and streptomycin (Invitrogen) in 5% carbon dioxide at 37°C.","Medium change, subculturing, and cell line observation were carried out as we previously described.(31) Samples from 6 normal salivary glands were collected from patients undergoing head and neck dissections for squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck with no clinical or radiographic evidence of metastatic disease to the submandibular triangle.","With the exception of PA30, the cell lines used herein have been described elsewhere.(31) PA30 was established following the protocol we reported in our establishment of the other cell lines.","PA30 cultured cells behave similarly to our previously described PA54 cell line.(31) These cell lines have been extensively characterized and shown by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis to express markers that are typical of the tumors from which they were derived.","PA30 was established following the protocol we reported in our establishment of the other cell lines.(31) PA30 cultured cells behave similarly to our previously described PA54 cell line."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":899049454,"citingcorpusid":27854670,"citedcorpusid":1398615,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Importantly, recent data suggest that therapeutic strategies directed at the secreted regulators of the Wnt pathway induce apoptosis(50,51) and chemosensitivity in cancer cells.(52) Studies are in progress to determine whether WNT1 and WIF1 hold therapeutic promise for patients with salivary gland cancer."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":18731810,"citingcorpusid":21204744,"citedcorpusid":7629916,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Wnt5a protein is a member of the Wnt protein family, which can mediate nonclassical pathways to inhibit classical pathways, and the inhibition of classic pathwaty can in turn trigger Wnt5a pathway to participate in regulating the development of the central nervous system (16)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":564895178,"citingcorpusid":54545153,"citedcorpusid":42038947,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Radiologic evaluation of residual tumor in known lesions becomes even more challenging, this gains particular importance in the setting of distorted post-surgical anatomy (8, 9)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1629066274,"citingcorpusid":56030759,"citedcorpusid":129931688,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…the last 12 years (Hladikova et al., 1997; Veizer et al., 1999; Saltzman, 2002; Buggish & Mann, 2004; Buggisch & Joachimski, 2006; Gill et al., 2007; Malkowski & Racki, 2009), and evidenced also in Podolian well preserved brachiopod shell calcites (Azmy et al., 1998; Veizer et al., 1999; Prokoph…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3966378833,"citingcorpusid":236310645,"citedcorpusid":199146870,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While there has been a recent reappearance of interest in decolonising the curriculum (through the Decolonising the Curriculum movement; see, for example, Moncrieffe et al. 2020), this interest is not new."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":800062792,"citingcorpusid":15096975,"citedcorpusid":12115716,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We now review the regularized multichannel equalization algorithm [9] and introduce it into the subband implementation [6]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":496567323,"citingcorpusid":23332646,"citedcorpusid":11016676,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["African Americans (AA) and Caucasians (C) are 2 of the 3 largest US racial/ethnic groups and both have the highest CRC related mortality rates nationally with AA mortality consistently higher than C since 1980 (1,3-6)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":114225975,"citingcorpusid":15187621,"citedcorpusid":22569467,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[18] Other studies of the use of antihypertensive medications have yielded a wide variation in proportions treated: 30% of men and 43% of women in Germany [19] in pooled data from 1989/90 and 1994/95; 39% of men and 55% of women in South Africa [20] in 1998; 53% of\nHispanic adults, 64% of whites, and 73% of blacks in an American study [21] of data from 1992; and 80% in Belgium [22] in 2000.","Fagard RH, Van den Enden M, Leeman M, Warling X: Survey on treatment of hypertension and implementation of World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension risk stratification in primary care in Belgium.","[18] Other studies of the use of antihypertensive medications have yielded a wide variation in proportions treated: 30% of men and 43% of women in Germany [19] in pooled data from 1989/90 and 1994/95; 39% of men and 55% of women in South Africa [20] in 1998; 53% of Hispanic adults, 64% of whites, and 73% of blacks in an American study [21] of data from 1992; and 80% in Belgium [22] in 2000."],"intents":[null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1224233834,"citingcorpusid":129199199,"citedcorpusid":3537932,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…have been applied to detect trend behavior and acceleration in tide gauge observations by the discussant and other authors (Boon, 2012; Boon and Mitchell, 2015; Jevrejeva et al., 2013; Sallenger, Doran, and Howd, 2012) along with nonparametric methods (Ezer, 2013; Ezer, Haigh, and Woodworth, 2016).","Specific features of the North Atlantic westernboundary ocean circulation involved have been further described by Ezer (2013), Ezer et al. (2013), and Yin and Goddard (2013), along with additional observations by Boon (2012) and Boon and Mitchell (2015)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":905180321,"citingcorpusid":8528209,"citedcorpusid":4519543,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We included only male subjects in our study to avoid menstrual cycle-dependent interactions between the dopaminergic system and gonadal steroids (Becker et al., 1982; Becker and Cha, 1989; Creutz and Kritzer, 2004; Dreher et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2534630080,"citingcorpusid":93473514,"citedcorpusid":93078094,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Similar effects were mentioned in Ref. [ 25 ] for the HCl plasma.","For simplicity, we assumed the temperature of the neutral species (T )t o be independent on HBr/Ar and HBr/Cl2 mixing ratios and equal to 600 K. The rate coefficients for heterogeneous recombinations R46–R48 were found as kS ¼½ ðK 2 =D Þþ ð2r=ctT Þ� [24], where tT = (8 kBT/pm) 1/2 is the thermal velocity, K is the effective diffusion length (K -2 =(2.405/r) 2 ? (p/l) 2 according to Refs. [7] and [ 25 ]), D is the effective","When writing the kinetic equations for positive ions, we used kS = t/dc where dc = 0.5rl/(rhl ? lhr )[ 8, 9]. The ion Bohm velocities t as well as the correction factors hl and hr for the radial and axial sheath sizes, respectively, are given by the low pressure k [ (Ti/Te)(r, l) diffusion theory [ 25 ]."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3744630974,"citingcorpusid":248980148,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…community) are the main protagonists in social capital is commonly accepted, the literature reveals that this type of capital is also influenced by private and public actors (Levi, 1996; Tarrow, 1996; Foley and Edwards, 1997; Stolle, 2002); in addition, the latter also have this type of capital.","…los principales protagonistas en el capital social, la literatura revela que este tipo de capital también se ve influido por los actores privados y públicos (Levi, 1996; Tarrow, 1996; Foley y Edwards, 1997; Stolle, 2002); además, estos últimos también cuentan con\nand tourism, is the actors studied."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3608657565,"citingcorpusid":228914209,"citedcorpusid":53576467,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There are even indicators in early education, such as Kindergarten Readiness measures, which have been examined at a national scale (Reardon & Portilla, 2016) as well as at state (e.g., Barnett et al., 2018) and local levels (e.g., Grodsky et al., 2017)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":53774962,"citingcorpusid":35094948,"citedcorpusid":22730370,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Another ghrelin receptor antagonist has been recently reported by Esler et al. (2007), YIL-781.","In the latter assay YIL-781 showed a classical competitive antagonism with a potency similar to that reported by Esler et al. (2007) by GTPgS-SPA assay in rat recombinant cell line (pKB=7.54 in this work vs pKB=7.95 in Esler et al., 2007).","For a wider characterisation, a recombinant cell line expressing rat GHS1a receptors has been introduced in the work and GSK1614343 has been compared with YIL-781 another ghrelin receptor antagonist recently reported by Esler et al. (2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":916791963,"citingcorpusid":3180800,"citedcorpusid":7062776,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Pretreatment with -opioid receptor antagonist 3-methoxynaltrexone selectively attenuated EM-2- but not EM-1-induced antinociception, whereas -funaltrexamine inhibits both (Sakurada et al., 2000).","pmol) 25 min (Sakurada et al., 2000), -opioid receptor antagonist","Mice were pretreated i.t. with the selective opioid antagonist 3-methoxynaltrexone (6.4 pmol) 25 min (Sakurada et al., 2000), -opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole (NTI, 11.1 nmol) 10 min (Mizoguchi et al., 1995; Wu et al., 2002a), -opioid receptor antagonist nor-BNI (6.6 nmol) 24 h (Tseng et…","3-Methoxynaltrexone is a selective -opioid receptor antagonist, which blocks selectively the antinociception induced by EM-2, but not EM-1 or morphine (Sakurada et al., 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":337499464,"citingcorpusid":17873959,"citedcorpusid":124320994,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Logistic map is a very simple but widely used classic chaotic map[7,8]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1578370797,"citingcorpusid":108869909,"citedcorpusid":56435583,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["also found that the shape of the actuating pulse could influence the fluid properties at which satellite drop formation occurs [28].","also found that increasing the fluid viscosity (decreasing Z) stabilizes the fluid tail and reduces the tendency for satellite drop formation [28]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1628155756,"citingcorpusid":85459727,"citedcorpusid":113403013,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Theories with Lorentz invariance violation (e.g., Horava-Lifschitz [34] and Einstein-Aether [35]) give rise to significant effects on black holes [36, 37], additional polarizations [38], and the propagation of GWs (e.g. through dispersion and birefringence [39]) which can be greatly constrained by 3G detectors that will observe sources at high redshifts of z ∼ 10-20.","Detection of dark matter with compact objects Beyond probing whether dark matter can be partially made up of black holes, GWs can also scrutinize models where dark matter consists of particles beyond the standard model (e.g., weakly interacting massive particles [57], fuzzy dark matter [58] or axion-like particles [59]).","Signatures of matter in GWs from a binary inspiral result from a number of effects such as rotational deformations [75], various kinds of tidal effects including the excitation of internal oscillation modes of the star [76– 80] and spin-tidal couplings [81, 82], and the presence of a surface instead of an event horizon [83–85].","GWs will, therefore, provide a unique window into the ultralight, weakly coupled regime of particle physics that cannot be easily probed with terrestrial experiments.","Once formed, the clouds annihilate over a longer timescale through the emission of coherent, nearly-monochromatic, GWs [104, 107].","The resulting scalar dipole leads to a correction to the GWs produced through a of a binary inspiral and merger [21, 45, 46].","The detection of GWs from binary systems composed of objects much lighter than stellar mass black holes, or with a mass distribution demonstrating an excess within a certain range, could point towards the existence of primordial black holes [54].","Extra polarizations can be detected directly [10], and indirectly inferred from their effects on the system’s dynamics and consequent impact on GWs [27].","Additionally, parity violating theories can exhibit birefringence, thus impacting the characteristics of GWs tied to their handedness [47]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":226743661,"citingcorpusid":26986358,"citedcorpusid":14505368,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", no missing data, no lost updates) [123, 150, 153].","Different frameworks and tools have been developed for checking soundness of a process schema [116, 150, 155], for example, based on techniques like reachability analysis and model checking."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":580541968,"citingcorpusid":54500557,"citedcorpusid":54535138,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Assenmacher-Wesche, Katrin & Stefan Gerlach (2005), “Interpreting Euro Area Inflation at High and Low Frequencies”, mimeo, Swiss National Bank. Assenmacher-Wesche, Katrin & Stefan Gerlach (2006), “Understanding the Link between Money Growth and Inflation in the Euro Area.” This paper was prepared for the Money, Macro and Finance Research Group Conference on “The Travails of the Eurozone.” Edinburgh, March 24, 2006. Bernanke, Ben S. & Ilian Mihov (1997), “What does the Bundesbank target?” European Economic Review, Volume 41, Issue 6, pp. 1025-1053. Bernanke, Ben S., & Frederic S. Mishkin (1997), “Inflation Targeting: A New Framework for Monetary Policy?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 11, no. 2 (spring), pp. 97-116. Buiter W. H. & N. Panigirtzoglou (2003), “Overcoming the Zero Bound on Nominal Interest Rates with Negative Interest on Currency: Gesell’s Solution”, Economic Journal, 113, pp. 723-746. Cabos, Karen, Michael Funke & Nikolaus A. Siegfried (2003), “Some Thoughts on Monetary Targeting vs. Inflation Targeting,” The German Economic Review, Vol. 5, Issue 3, pp. 219 – 238. Clarida, R., Gali, J., Gertler, M., (1998), “Monetary policy rules in practice: Some international evidence.” European Economic Review 42, pp. 1033-1068. Clarida, R., Gertler, M. (1996), “How the Bundesbank conducts monetary policy.” NBER Working Paper 5581. Dai, Meixing, Moïse Sidiropoulos (2003), “Règle du taux d’intérêt optimale, prix des actions et taux d’inflation anticipé : une étude de la stabilité macroéconomique,” Économie Appliquée, tome LVI, n°4, p.","Assenmacher-Wesche, Katrin & Stefan Gerlach (2005), “Interpreting Euro Area Inflation at High and Low Frequencies”, mimeo, Swiss National Bank. Assenmacher-Wesche, Katrin & Stefan Gerlach (2006), “Understanding the Link between Money Growth and Inflation in the Euro Area.” This paper was prepared for the Money, Macro and Finance Research Group Conference on “The Travails of the Eurozone.” Edinburgh, March 24, 2006. Bernanke, Ben S. & Ilian Mihov (1997), “What does the Bundesbank target?” European Economic Review, Volume 41, Issue 6, pp. 1025-1053. Bernanke, Ben S., & Frederic S. Mishkin (1997), “Inflation Targeting: A New Framework for Monetary Policy?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 11, no. 2 (spring), pp. 97-116. Buiter W. H. & N. Panigirtzoglou (2003), “Overcoming the Zero Bound on Nominal Interest Rates with Negative Interest on Currency: Gesell’s Solution”, Economic Journal, 113, pp. 723-746. Cabos, Karen, Michael Funke & Nikolaus A. Siegfried (2003), “Some Thoughts on Monetary Targeting vs.","Assenmacher-Wesche, Katrin & Stefan Gerlach (2005), “Interpreting Euro Area Inflation at High and Low Frequencies”, mimeo, Swiss National Bank.","Assenmacher-Wesche, Katrin & Stefan Gerlach (2005), “Interpreting Euro Area Inflation at High and Low Frequencies”, mimeo, Swiss National Bank. Assenmacher-Wesche, Katrin & Stefan Gerlach (2006), “Understanding the Link between Money Growth and Inflation in the Euro Area.” This paper was prepared for the Money, Macro and Finance Research Group Conference on “The Travails of the Eurozone.” Edinburgh, March 24, 2006. Bernanke, Ben S. & Ilian Mihov (1997), “What does the Bundesbank target?” European Economic Review, Volume 41, Issue 6, pp. 1025-1053. Bernanke, Ben S., & Frederic S. Mishkin (1997), “Inflation Targeting: A New Framework for Monetary Policy?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 11, no. 2 (spring), pp. 97-116. Buiter W. H. & N. Panigirtzoglou (2003), “Overcoming the Zero Bound on Nominal Interest Rates with Negative Interest on Currency: Gesell’s Solution”, Economic Journal, 113, pp.","Assenmacher-Wesche, Katrin & Stefan Gerlach (2005), “Interpreting Euro Area Inflation at High and Low Frequencies”, mimeo, Swiss National Bank. Assenmacher-Wesche, Katrin & Stefan Gerlach (2006), “Understanding the Link between Money Growth and Inflation in the Euro Area.” This paper was prepared for the Money, Macro and Finance Research Group Conference on “The Travails of the Eurozone.” Edinburgh, March 24, 2006. Bernanke, Ben S. & Ilian Mihov (1997), “What does the Bundesbank target?” European Economic Review, Volume 41, Issue 6, pp. 1025-1053. Bernanke, Ben S., & Frederic S. Mishkin (1997), “Inflation Targeting: A New Framework for Monetary Policy?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 11, no. 2 (spring), pp. 97-116. Buiter W. H. & N. Panigirtzoglou (2003), “Overcoming the Zero Bound on Nominal Interest Rates with Negative Interest on Currency: Gesell’s Solution”, Economic Journal, 113, pp. 723-746. Cabos, Karen, Michael Funke & Nikolaus A. Siegfried (2003), “Some Thoughts on Monetary Targeting vs. Inflation Targeting,” The German Economic Review, Vol. 5, Issue 3, pp. 219 – 238. Clarida, R., Gali, J., Gertler, M., (1998), “Monetary policy rules in practice: Some international evidence.” European Economic Review 42, pp. 1033-1068. Clarida, R., Gertler, M. (1996), “How the Bundesbank conducts monetary policy.","Assenmacher-Wesche, Katrin & Stefan Gerlach (2005), “Interpreting Euro Area Inflation at High and Low Frequencies”, mimeo, Swiss National Bank. Assenmacher-Wesche, Katrin & Stefan Gerlach (2006), “Understanding the Link between Money Growth and Inflation in the Euro Area.” This paper was prepared for the Money, Macro and Finance Research Group Conference on “The Travails of the Eurozone.” Edinburgh, March 24, 2006. Bernanke, Ben S. & Ilian Mihov (1997), “What does the Bundesbank target?” European Economic Review, Volume 41, Issue 6, pp. 1025-1053. Bernanke, Ben S., & Frederic S. Mishkin (1997), “Inflation Targeting: A New Framework for Monetary Policy?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 11, no. 2 (spring), pp. 97-116. Buiter W. H. & N. Panigirtzoglou (2003), “Overcoming the Zero Bound on Nominal Interest Rates with Negative Interest on Currency: Gesell’s Solution”, Economic Journal, 113, pp. 723-746. Cabos, Karen, Michael Funke & Nikolaus A. Siegfried (2003), “Some Thoughts on Monetary Targeting vs. Inflation Targeting,” The German Economic Review, Vol. 5, Issue 3, pp. 219 – 238. Clarida, R., Gali, J., Gertler, M., (1998), “Monetary policy rules in practice: Some international evidence.","Assenmacher-Wesche, Katrin & Stefan Gerlach (2005), “Interpreting Euro Area Inflation at High and Low Frequencies”, mimeo, Swiss National Bank. Assenmacher-Wesche, Katrin & Stefan Gerlach (2006), “Understanding the Link between Money Growth and Inflation in the Euro Area.” This paper was prepared for the Money, Macro and Finance Research Group Conference on “The Travails of the Eurozone.” Edinburgh, March 24, 2006. Bernanke, Ben S. & Ilian Mihov (1997), “What does the Bundesbank target?” European Economic Review, Volume 41, Issue 6, pp.","Assenmacher-Wesche, Katrin & Stefan Gerlach (2005), “Interpreting Euro Area Inflation at High and Low Frequencies”, mimeo, Swiss National Bank. Assenmacher-Wesche, Katrin & Stefan Gerlach (2006), “Understanding the Link between Money Growth and Inflation in the Euro Area.","Assenmacher-Wesche, Katrin & Stefan Gerlach (2005), “Interpreting Euro Area Inflation at High and Low Frequencies”, mimeo, Swiss National Bank. Assenmacher-Wesche, Katrin & Stefan Gerlach (2006), “Understanding the Link between Money Growth and Inflation in the Euro Area.” This paper was prepared for the Money, Macro and Finance Research Group Conference on “The Travails of the Eurozone.” Edinburgh, March 24, 2006. Bernanke, Ben S. & Ilian Mihov (1997), “What does the Bundesbank target?” European Economic Review, Volume 41, Issue 6, pp. 1025-1053. Bernanke, Ben S., & Frederic S. Mishkin (1997), “Inflation Targeting: A New Framework for Monetary Policy?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 11, no.","5 Walsh (2002) used similar model (without explicit LM equation) as a pedagogical device to explain inflation targeting."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1645295614,"citingcorpusid":159255891,"citedcorpusid":54535138,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["If the nominal interest rate applied to the money in circulation is kept equal to or lower than the nominal interest rate of nonmonetary instruments, then the economy will not fall into a liquidity trap (Buiter & Panigirtzoglou, 2003:740)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2061644937,"citingcorpusid":214228114,"citedcorpusid":54535138,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", Buiter and Panigirtzoglou (2003). The current debate focuses on how to alleviate the lower bound on interest rates, while the system in use during the Middle Ages had a fiscal purpose.","Also worth noting is that Gesell taxes used in the Middle Ages had a different purpose than in the current discussion on Gesell taxes; see, for example, Buiter and Panigirtzoglou (2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2480274764,"citingcorpusid":118679035,"citedcorpusid":39700573,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Results from the project addressed the galaxy structural parameters (Saglia et al. 1997a), the properties of the stellar populations (Colless et al. 1999), the fundamental plane, peculiar velocities, and bulk motions (Saglia et al. 2001; Colless et al. 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2487805760,"citingcorpusid":118884713,"citedcorpusid":39700573,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The comparison with alternative distance measures, particularly Fundamental Plane measures, demonstrate overall agreement and small scatter but there are still unresolved zero point issues at the 9% level.","Hudson et al. (1997) acquired distances along a larger segment of the Perseus−Pisces chain using the Fundamental Plane methodology and, while they found variations in distance along the full length, they could not see any distance variations along the length that interests us.","The second comparison to be made is with Fundamental Plane measurements where the material is entirely independent.","Material for the Fundamental Plane comparison that supplemented published information was supplied by John Blakeslee and Mike Hudson.","1http://edd.ifa.hawaii.edu\nIn addition to an update of the Cepheid, Red Giant Branch, and Surface Brightness Fluctuation information the new catalog will include Type Ia Supernova (Jha et al. 2007) and Fundamental Plane (Colless et al. 2001; Hudson et al. 2001; Bernardi et al. 2002) material.","If we accept a slope of unity in the fit to measures as a function of distance then the offset is 9% in distance, Fundamental Plane measures larger, with 4σ significance and 10% scatter per individual cluster.","We compare two distinct Fundamental Plane samples: one with the acronym ENEARc (Bernardi et al. 2002) and the other called SMAC (Hudson et al. 2001).","The zero point that we accept for the Fundamental Plane measurements comes from the comparison between this method with the SMAC sample and the Surface Brightness Fluctuation\nmethod (Blakeslee et al. 2002)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":871980297,"citingcorpusid":15485478,"citedcorpusid":188666,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Thus, several studies showed that 1 Hz rTMS can increase PTs in healthy subjects by probably reducing cortical excitability (Boroojerdi et al., 2000b; Brighina et al., 2002; Fierro et al., 2005).","Conventional 1 Hz rTMS increased PT (Boroojerdi et al., 2000b; Brighina et al., 2002; Fierro et al., 2005), whereas decreased PTs were found after high-frequency rTMS protocols (Fierro et al., 2005; Lang et al., 2007).","A paired t-test comparing the pre-TBS PT values of the subject’s first session with those of the second session again revealed stability in PT (t(39) = 1.484, p = 0.146)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2698198781,"citingcorpusid":16924514,"citedcorpusid":147355356,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This kind of facts will be called in the following “institutional facts” (see [16]) and the term “institution” will refer to entities like: a state, a company, an association or any group organised for a common purpose."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2571182944,"citingcorpusid":26698923,"citedcorpusid":8872169,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2001) as revealed from the three-dimensional structure of its tetramer (Jenko-Kokalj et al., 2007).",", 1990) as well as the structure of StB tetramer (Jenko-Kokalj et al., 2007).","Three-dimensional structure of StB monomer in complex with papain was determined (Stubbs et al., 1990) as well as the structure of StB tetramer (Jenko-Kokalj et al., 2007).","It forms domain-swapped dimers similarly to stefin A (Jerala and Žerovnik, 1999; Staniforth et al., 2001) as revealed from the three-dimensional structure of its tetramer (Jenko-Kokalj et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2067768363,"citingcorpusid":10475715,"citedcorpusid":18431535,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["We have used a combination of voltage clamp and multiphoton microscopy (MPM) (Denk et al., 1990; Xu et al., 1996; Denk and Svoboda, 1997) to analyze changes in voltage-evoked Ca21 accumulation in fine neurites of the pyloric dilator (PD) neurons in the pyloric network of the stomatogastric ganglion…","MPM is particularly well suited for Ca21 imaging of fine neurites located deep in the intact nervous system.","We have used a combination of voltage clamp and multiphoton microscopy (MPM) (Denk et al., 1990; Xu et al., 1996; Denk and Svoboda, 1997) to analyze changes in voltage-evoked Ca21 accumulation in fine neurites of the pyloric dilator (PD) neurons in the pyloric network of the stomatogastric ganglion of the spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus).","Using MPM Ca21 imaging combined with voltage clamp, we have performed experiments to determine (1) where in the PD neuron voltage-induced Ca21 accumulation occurs, and (2) whether Ca21 accumulation at these sites is modulated by DA.","We have used a combination of voltage clamp and multiphoton microscopy (MPM) (Denk et al., 1990; Xu et al., 1996; Denk and Svoboda, 1997) to analyze changes in voltage-evoked Ca(21) ac-"],"intents":[["methodology"],null,null,null,["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":874076550,"citingcorpusid":59583389,"citedcorpusid":53649521,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The relatively lower CO2 flux from the low-latitude large river estuaries may be due to the large freshwater discharge, weak tide and thus short residence time of water in these estuaries [Rao, 2001; Shetye, 1999; Sundar and Shetye, 2005; Zhao, 1990], since high river flow decreases flushing time, while strong tidal influence increases residence time [Dyer, 1997].","…may be due to the large freshwater discharge, weak tide and thus short residence time of water in these estuaries [Rao, 2001; Shetye, 1999; Sundar and Shetye, 2005; Zhao, 1990], since high river flow decreases flushing time, while strong tidal influence increases residence time [Dyer,…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1825760993,"citingcorpusid":9254283,"citedcorpusid":18431535,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The development of two-photon microscopy in the early 1990s [4] allowed optical imaging with a very small point spread function (of a volume of the order of the wavelength cubed), meaning that it is possible to know precisely"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2990467272,"citingcorpusid":222214864,"citedcorpusid":136142556,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, the peaks at 1,538 cm-1 are related to the stretching vibrations of C=C bonds in benzene rings of MDI, and peaks associated with the vibrations of C-H in benzene rings of MDI were observed at 1,308 cm-1 (bending), 816 cm-1 (1,4 disubstituted benzene wagging), 766 cm-1 (1,2 disubstituted benzene wagging) [41, 44, 45]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1161857604,"citingcorpusid":29860791,"citedcorpusid":34834718,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The approximation we use for the system performance is based on those used in simpler settings in Whitt (2006) and Atar et al. (2010). In these approximations, we assume that agents in the second stage give priority to customers with larger service rates.","Our asymptotic analysis is similar to that in Atar et al. (2010) and it has been shown to be surprisingly accurate under demand uncertainty in Bassamboo et al."],"intents":[["methodology"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":4116715078,"citingcorpusid":258890528,"citedcorpusid":218480136,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1901503721,"citingcorpusid":213265829,"citedcorpusid":146959327,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In this analytical process, researchers select diverse methods that are commonly used in social sciences in order to provide insights into how gender-based power relations and patriarchal domination are reproduced through texts and talks (Lazar 2005, Azzopardi 2015)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":35107282,"citingcorpusid":14022189,"citedcorpusid":17708340,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The following lemma from Sambarino [51] is a consequence of the definition and the Abramov formula.","In this section we recall the definition of convex representations, due to Sambarino [51], and explain their relationship with Anosov representations, which were introduced by Labourie [32] and further developed by Guichard-Wienhard [24]","10) of an irreducible convex representation was first studied by Sambarino [51] for Γ = π1(M) where M is closed and negatively curved."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1617679755,"citingcorpusid":157293339,"citedcorpusid":145318038,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Wealthier and more educated voters may be more likely to sanction politicians for criminality and corruption (Anduiza et al. 2013), but other studies have found that the lowest-income respondents sanctioned corruption that their wealthier counterparts were willing to forgive (Winters and Weitz-Shapiro 2013).","Wealthier and more educated voters may be more likely to sanction politicians for criminality and corruption (Anduiza et al. 2013), but other studies have found that the lowest-income respondents sanctioned corruption that their wealthier counterparts were willing to forgive (Winters and…","Voters are also more reluctant to sanction politicians for corruption or criminality when they are members of the same ethnicity or political party (Vaishnav 2011; Anduiza et al. 2013; Banerjee et al. 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2437634512,"citingcorpusid":25713045,"citedcorpusid":7359901,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, these PTSCs do not exert a measurable effect on the redox potential, but have the highest impact on the stability of the complexes as well as the cytotoxicity, especially in the absence of a pyridine-NH2 group in the molecule [51].","In vitro and/or in vivo studies revealed that Triapine enhances the activity of various DNA-damaging agents and nucleoside analogues [51, 56-58]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2086416626,"citingcorpusid":83674109,"citedcorpusid":54839435,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Sediment and suspended solids can have major impacts on the macrobenthic community of an estuary (Ellis et al. 2002; Norkko et al. 2002; Thrush et al. 2003a; Lohrer et al. 2004, 2006).","Sediment and suspended solids can have major impacts on the macrobenthic community of an estuary (Ellis et al. 2002; Norkko et al. 2002; Thrush et al. 2003a;  Lohrer et al. 2004, 2006 )."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3358506876,"citingcorpusid":219387488,"citedcorpusid":6970674,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For example, Estrella and Mishkin [1996] find that interest rate spread (10 year T-bond less three month T-bill) along with the three month treasury bill are useful predictors of turning points in the business cycle. In another paper, Estrella and Mishkin [1998] extend their analysis and test the predictive power of the stock market and other money supply indicators in addition to the term spread.","The first specification is in the spirit of Estrella and Mishkin [1998] where I just considered the effect of the interest rate spread in the system along with the money and housing factor. The coefficient is negative and significant which is consistent with previous results in the literature. After including the effect of credit booms, the spread continues to be a significant predictor for recessions. More importantly, the coefficient on the credit boom A12 is positive and significant supporting the initial claim that excess credit has an influential effect on U.S. recessions. The value on the coefficient stays robust around 0.22 across all five specifications. In general, all parameters in matrix A of equation (8) are significant with the appropriate signs. The coefficient A11 or the lagged probability of recession is not only positive and significant but also high which reinforces previous results in Kauppi and Saikkonen [2008] and Nyberg [2014]. They show that recession probabilities displays a strong autoregressive feature, which means that downturns in the business cycle don’t happen in isolation and tend to occur in successive time periods.","The first specification is in the spirit of Estrella and Mishkin [1998] where I just considered the effect of the interest rate spread in the system along with the money and housing factor. The coefficient is negative and significant which is consistent with previous results in the literature. After including the effect of credit booms, the spread continues to be a significant predictor for recessions. More importantly, the coefficient on the credit boom A12 is positive and significant supporting the initial claim that excess credit has an influential effect on U.S. recessions. The value on the coefficient stays robust around 0.22 across all five specifications. In general, all parameters in matrix A of equation (8) are significant with the appropriate signs. The coefficient A11 or the lagged probability of recession is not only positive and significant but also high which reinforces previous results in Kauppi and Saikkonen [2008] and Nyberg [2014].","For example, Estrella and Mishkin [1996] find that interest rate spread (10 year T-bond less three month T-bill) along with the three month treasury bill are useful predictors of turning points in the business cycle. In another paper, Estrella and Mishkin [1998] extend their analysis and test the predictive power of the stock market and other money supply indicators in addition to the term spread. They find that stock prices are useful at a horizon of one to three quarters. Later on, Wright [2006] shows that after including the term-spread, controlling for the fed-funds rate gives a better in-sample fit and a better performance out-of-sample. Kauppi and Saikkonen [2008] introduce a dynamic component in the model and find that lagging the probability of a recession variable can yield superior results compared to a more classic static probit model.","For example, Estrella and Mishkin [1996] find that interest rate spread (10 year T-bond less three month T-bill) along with the three month treasury bill are useful predictors of turning points in the business cycle.","The first specification is in the spirit of Estrella and Mishkin [1998] where I just considered the effect of the interest rate spread in the system along with the money and housing factor. The coefficient is negative and significant which is consistent with previous results in the literature. After including the effect of credit booms, the spread continues to be a significant predictor for recessions. More importantly, the coefficient on the credit boom A12 is positive and significant supporting the initial claim that excess credit has an influential effect on U.S. recessions. The value on the coefficient stays robust around 0.22 across all five specifications. In general, all parameters in matrix A of equation (8) are significant with the appropriate signs. The coefficient A11 or the lagged probability of recession is not only positive and significant but also high which reinforces previous results in Kauppi and Saikkonen [2008] and Nyberg [2014]. They show that recession probabilities displays a strong autoregressive feature, which means that downturns in the business cycle don’t happen in isolation and tend to occur in successive time periods. Additionally, A21, which represents the effect of contemporaneous credit booms on previous recessions, is negative and significant. This negative effect is consistent with the observation that after periods of recessions, the economy typically deleverages and follows a period of recovery when consumers and firms are more cautious in their borrowing habits. Thus, the probability of a credit boom occurring in month t is lower if the economy was in a recession six (t− 6) or nine (t− 9) months before. Finally, A22 is positive and strongly significant which indicates that credit booms also exhibit an important autoregressive component consistent with the idea that booms don’t occur independently but tend to persist across sequential time periods just as recessions. The second specification in Table 2 is similar to Wright [2006] and adds the effect of a monthly change in federal funds rate in addition to the interest spread.","For example, Estrella and Mishkin [1996] find that interest rate spread (10 year T-bond less three month T-bill) along with the three month treasury bill are useful predictors of turning points in the business cycle. In another paper, Estrella and Mishkin [1998] extend their analysis and test the predictive power of the stock market and other money supply indicators in addition to the term spread. They find that stock prices are useful at a horizon of one to three quarters. Later on, Wright [2006] shows that after including the term-spread, controlling for the fed-funds rate gives a better in-sample fit and a better performance out-of-sample. Kauppi and Saikkonen [2008] introduce a dynamic component in the model and find that lagging the probability of a recession variable can yield superior results compared to a more classic static probit model. In more recent work, Liu and Moench [2016] revisits the classic leading indicators previously proposed in other papers and reassesses the performance of these models through receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves.","The first specification is in the spirit of Estrella and Mishkin [1998] where I just considered the effect of the interest rate spread in the system along with the money and housing factor.","The first specification is in the spirit of Estrella and Mishkin [1998] where I just considered the effect of the interest rate spread in the system along with the money and housing factor. The coefficient is negative and significant which is consistent with previous results in the literature. After including the effect of credit booms, the spread continues to be a significant predictor for recessions. More importantly, the coefficient on the credit boom A12 is positive and significant supporting the initial claim that excess credit has an influential effect on U.S. recessions. The value on the coefficient stays robust around 0.22 across all five specifications. In general, all parameters in matrix A of equation (8) are significant with the appropriate signs. The coefficient A11 or the lagged probability of recession is not only positive and significant but also high which reinforces previous results in Kauppi and Saikkonen [2008] and Nyberg [2014]. They show that recession probabilities displays a strong autoregressive feature, which means that downturns in the business cycle don’t happen in isolation and tend to occur in successive time periods. Additionally, A21, which represents the effect of contemporaneous credit booms on previous recessions, is negative and significant. This negative effect is consistent with the observation that after periods of recessions, the economy typically deleverages and follows a period of recovery when consumers and firms are more cautious in their borrowing habits. Thus, the probability of a credit boom occurring in month t is lower if the economy was in a recession six (t− 6) or nine (t− 9) months before. Finally, A22 is positive and strongly significant which indicates that credit booms also exhibit an important autoregressive component consistent with the idea that booms don’t occur independently but tend to persist across sequential time periods just as recessions. The second specification in Table 2 is similar to Wright [2006] and adds the effect of a monthly change in federal funds rate in addition to the interest spread. While adding the effect of the prime rate does not significantly increase the fit of the model, the effect of credit booms on recessions continues to stay positive and significant. The spread also stays significant. In the third specification, I included PC1t - output in addition to the spread and the federal funds rate. Fossati [2015] finds that factor-augmented probit models are superior to simple probits both in-sample and out-of-sample.","For example, Estrella and Mishkin [1996] find that interest rate spread (10 year T-bond less three month T-bill) along with the three month treasury bill are useful predictors of turning points in the business cycle. In another paper, Estrella and Mishkin [1998] extend their analysis and test the predictive power of the stock market and other money supply indicators in addition to the term spread. They find that stock prices are useful at a horizon of one to three quarters. Later on, Wright [2006] shows that after including the term-spread, controlling for the fed-funds rate gives a better in-sample fit and a better performance out-of-sample."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["result"],["result"],["background"],null,["result"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3826945886,"citingcorpusid":213686174,"citedcorpusid":146720901,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["SLD are usually apparent in the early years of school; some children can show great learning difficulties later on, enabling diagnosis to be made at any point after formal education starts and in adolescence and even adulthood [1].","In DSM-V, the American Psychiatric Association reports that the SLD prevalence of children from different languages and cultures is 5–15%, the prevalence of reading disorder is 4–9%, and the prevalence of mathematics disorder is 3–7 [1].","There is an abnormality of cognitive level associated with behavioral findings in its etiology [1].","5 standard deviations (SD)) below the population mean for age and age-appropriate education in culturally and linguistically appropriate tests of reading, writing, and/or mathematics [2, 3, 12] with normal levels of intelligence functioning (considering an intellectual coefficient (IQ ) score greater than 70) [1].","DSM-5 is stated that SLD is two to three times more prevalent in boys than in girls [1].","In the prevalence studies of specific learning disorders, ADHD, which receives the most comorbidity and is the most studied disorder, should be considered [1, 48]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2110080259,"citingcorpusid":167311993,"citedcorpusid":167707685,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similarly, Nambisan and Baron (2007, 42) state that ‘virtual customer environments (VCE) . . . enable firms to involve their customers in innovation and value creation . . . however most firms do not seem to attach sufficient importance to the nature of customers’ interactions in the VCE’."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1639192318,"citingcorpusid":195062878,"citedcorpusid":205455938,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Engagement in individualised occupations engender positive affect (Abu-Baden et al 2002, Sparks et\nal 2004, Clare et al 2008) such as feelings of happiness (Meeks et al 2007), fun and contentment with life (Harmer and Orrell 2008, Pereira and Stagnitti 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1632974297,"citingcorpusid":52301270,"citedcorpusid":114636086,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Besides, according to [30], since the fluid materials are given, and the mass flow rates in the heat exchangers are relatively small in this study, the HT coefficients (khs, kst , krl and ktes) can also be regarded as constant; 3) The district heating system works with a constant flow and variable temperature mode [21], [23], [25], namely, m pipe is fixed and known, and T hs,out can be adjusted.","CHP; the potential of using electric heating boiler with TES device, district heating system as well as building thermal inertia as a flexible load is explored in [23], and reference [24] studies the integrated dispatch concerning these components; reference [25] investigated a feasible region method of deploy the building thermal inertia to reduce wind curtailment.","ing the TES capacity of the existing thermal system components like pipelines in the district heating system [19], [21]–[24] or the building envelop [20], [23], [24], [25] is also being investigated","According to the real operation scheme in Northern China, T hs,out is adjusted based on the average environment temperature, and it will keep unchanged during a short period of time like a few days [23], [30]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3954988494,"citingcorpusid":252764289,"citedcorpusid":7274228,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Single-cell RNA transcriptomic analyses of human and mouse pre-implantation embryos (from zygote to blastocyst) indicate an upregulation of mitochondrial-related transcripts and genes involved in OxPhos around the morula to\nFrontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology frontiersin.org05\nblastocyst transition (Xue et al., 2013; Yan et al., 2013).","3.1 Defining the metabolic state of the early embryo\nEnergy in the embryo is mainly obtained through glycolysis or through the activity of the TCA cycle and oxidative\nphosphorylation (OxPhos) from glucose, pyruvate or glutamine.","Another example occurs in intestinal stem cells, where high levels of OxPhos leads to increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can activate the MAPK pathway (Rodríguez-Colman et al., 2017).","Similarly to the pre-implantation blastocyst, in vitro mESCs consume high levels of oxygen and are metabolically bivalent relying on both glycolysis and OxPhos for their energy production (Houghton et al., 1996; Leese, 2012; Zhou et al., 2012; Teslaa and Teitell, 2015).","STAT3 is a known TF that directly regulates the expression of naïve pluripotent genes and cellular metabolism by promoting OxPhos (Niwa et al., 1998; Bourillot et al., 2009; Niwa et al., 2009; Wegrzyn et al., 2009; Tai and Ying, 2013; Carbognin et al., 2016).","This stage is characterized by a bivalent metabolism, where the embryo uses both glycolysis and TCA coupled to OxPhos to produce ATP (Folmes et al., 2012).","In addition, the TE of the mouse blastocyst shows a higher ratio of OxPhos compared to the ICM.","Several types of cancer cells rewire their metabolism towards aerobic glycolysis and increased lactate production, even\nat the presence of sufficient oxygen to support OxPhos, in a process known as theWarburg effect (Warburg, 1956; Eales et al., 2016).","For instance, in vitro, αKG and OxPhos regulate pluripotency and differentiation (Tischler et al., 2019).","The above-mentioned studies use non-toxic concentrations of dm-αKG, however a recent paper questions the use of dm-αKG, and in general cell-permeable esterified analogs, due to their potential independent effects on cellular metabolism, including extracellular acidification or inhibitory effects on glycolysis and OxPhos (Parker et al., 2021).","However, the one-cell embryo utilizes OxPhos over glycolysis by fueling the TCA with pyruvate and relies on the respiration of the abundant number of maternally inherited mitochondria (Figures 1A,B) (Brinster, 1965).","One question here is: do the main signaling pathways, which drive early embryonic development, also control the levels of epi-metabolites? STAT3 is a known TF that directly regulates the expression of naïve pluripotent genes and cellular metabolism by promoting OxPhos (Niwa et al., 1998; Bourillot et al., 2009; Niwa et al., 2009; Wegrzyn et al., 2009; Tai and Ying, 2013; Carbognin et al., 2016)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":863401117,"citingcorpusid":9717695,"citedcorpusid":32229835,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The dynamic part of our 3-D methodology has been validated through the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) code comparison exercise and additional studies [Day et al., 2005; Harris et al., 2008].","[24] However, earthquake cycle simulations also involve dynamic rupture, and that introduces another resolution criterion, L/Dx, where L is the cohesive zone size [Palmer and Rice, 1973; Day et al., 2005, and references therein].","in our previous collaborative work [Day et al., 2005] is more restrictive for the parameters typically used in earthquake sequence simulations.","[9] We extend the spectral boundary integral method [Perrin et al., 1995; Geubelle and Rice, 1995; Ben-Zion and Rice, 1997; Lapusta et al., 2000; Day et al., 2005] to 3-","For the fault interface governed by linear slip-weakening law, L0 can be expressed as [Palmer and Rice, 1973; Day et al., 2005]","D methodology has been validated through the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) code comparison exercise and additional studies [Day et al., 2005; Harris et al., 2008].","We use g = 1/3, as this is the value suggested by our previous study of dynamic rupture in three dimensions [Day et al., 2005].","For the fault inter-\nface governed by linear slip-weakening law, L0 can be expressed as [Palmer and Rice, 1973; Day et al., 2005]\nL0 ¼ C1 m* W ; ð19Þ\nwhere W is the slip-weakening rate and C1 is a constant which is equal to 9p/32 if the stress traction distribution within the cohesive zone is…","[9] We extend the spectral boundary integral method [Perrin et al., 1995; Geubelle and Rice, 1995; Ben-Zion and Rice, 1997; Lapusta et al., 2000; Day et al., 2005] to 3-D simulations of long deformation history of a planar strike-slip fault."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["result"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":863401083,"citingcorpusid":9717695,"citedcorpusid":48853397,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Three-dimensional simulations of single dynamic events suggest that such fault heterogeneities can strongly influence the development of dynamic ruptures, e.g., inducing supershear rupture speeds [e.g., Dunham et al., 2003;  Liu and Lapusta, 2008 ].","Three-dimensional simulations of single dynamic events suggest that such fault heterogeneities can strongly influence the development of dynamic ruptures, e.g., inducing supershear rupture speeds [e.g., Dunham et al., 2003; Liu and Lapusta, 2008]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2999479863,"citingcorpusid":8089822,"citedcorpusid":19836962,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":315238485,"citingcorpusid":24828323,"citedcorpusid":33234304,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For example, staff providing good communication, support and guidance to families as well as providing adequate activities for PwD were contributing factors (Graneheim et al., 2014; Hennings et al., 2010).","These findings build on and extend findings from previous reviews, which focussed more specifically on family experiences at points of transition (Graneheim et al., 2014; Hennings et al., 2010).","The authors concluded that the process of PwD and their families adapting to long-term care could be facilitated by staff recognizing families as partners in care (Graneheim et al., 2014).","The aforementioned literature reviews (Graneheim et al., 2014; Hennings et al., 2010)\nindicated that several staff factors seemed to contribute to families’ satisfaction with care provision.","Rationale for Present Review Two previous literature reviews focusing on the experiences of family members of PwD in longterm care have been conducted (Graneheim et al., 2014; Hennings et al., 2010).","Two previous literature reviews focusing on the experiences of family members of PwD in longterm care have been conducted (Graneheim et al., 2014; Hennings et al., 2010).","Staff Factors and Family Satisfaction with Care Provision The aforementioned literature reviews (Graneheim et al., 2014; Hennings et al., 2010) CLINICAL GERONTOLOGIST 327"],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":945417046,"citingcorpusid":21533343,"citedcorpusid":37075321,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3398524286,"citingcorpusid":236478915,"citedcorpusid":104320675,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Gibbs energy calculations in gas phase and implicit solvent were performed using the pure-GGA (PBEPBE [27], BLYP [28, 29], and BP86 [30]), pure-LDA(SPBE [31, 32]) hybridGGA (B3LYP [33]), hybrid-meta-GGA (M062X [34]), hybrid-meta-LDA (M06L [35]), long-range-corrected (LCBLYP [36, 37], LC-PBEPBE [38, 39], and CAM-B3LYP [40]) DFT functionals, HF method [41, 42], and 6-311G, 6-311+G, 6-311G(d,p), 6-311+G(d,p), 6-311++G(d,p), 6-311(2d,2p), 6-311++G(2d,2p), aug-cc-pVDZ basis sets [43–46]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1120548961,"citingcorpusid":146453858,"citedcorpusid":10076594,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2698904353,"citingcorpusid":26047005,"citedcorpusid":10076594,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["end of gestation and generally corresponds with the concentration of OT receptors (OTRs) (Fuchs et al., 1983), which are up-regulated during pregnancy and are maximal in the early stages of labour in virtually all species examined (Jeng et al.","The sensitivity of the myometrium to OT is maximal at the end of gestation and generally corresponds with the concentration of OT receptors (OTRs) (Fuchs et al., 1983), which are up-regulated during pregnancy and are maximal in the early stages of labour in virtually all species examined (Jeng et…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3016239561,"citingcorpusid":5928669,"citedcorpusid":10076594,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This suggests that the physiological changes of pregnancy and lactation may induce oxytocin receptor formation in the BNST (Soloff e t a l . , 1979; Alexandrova & Soloff, 1980; Fuchs et al., 1983)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1106360322,"citingcorpusid":118519441,"citedcorpusid":38836634,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[65] Philip W Anderson, “Fermi Sea of Heavy Electrons (a Kondo Lattice) is Never a Fermi Liquid,” Physical Review Letters 104, 176403 (2010).","Central to Phil’s arguments, is the idea that the of electrons to highly constrained electron fluids leads to a many-body X-ray catastrophe that leads to the inevitable demise of the Landau quasiparticle to form strange metals[62, 63], and sometimes, hidden Fermi liquids[64, 65], which resemble the Landau Fermi liquid thermodynamically, but without overlap with the original electron fields.","One of the key discussions about these materials is whether such non-Fermi liquid behavior is generated by the vicinity to a quantum critical point, or whether, as Phil believes, the unusual metallic behavior is related to a new kind strange metal phase[65]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3744054643,"citingcorpusid":248977452,"citedcorpusid":109424165,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["found that activated Sirtuin3/OPA1 pathway remodeled the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics in oxidative stress-induced melanocyte apoptosis in Vitiligo [40].","Yi et al. found that activated Sirtuin3/OPA1 pathway remodeled the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics in oxidative stress-induced melanocyte apoptosis in Vitiligo [40]. latest study by Cheng et al. demonstrated that Sirtuin3KO mouse represented renal dysfunction and renal fibrosis exacerbation by regulating mitochondrial dynamics [41]."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":1940212066,"citingcorpusid":44022447,"citedcorpusid":41490060,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Literature describing the exact measurements of the trachea were referenced to create the first iteration of the design [16-18] and is summarized in Appendix C."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3595418092,"citingcorpusid":243161768,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Yüksekö¤retim Kalite Kurulu (2018b).","Yüksekö¤retim Kurulu (2018).","…ve Kalite Güvencesi 2017 Y›l› Durum Raporu Yüksekö¤retim Kalite Kurulu 2018a\nKurumsal D›fl De¤erlendirme Program› De¤erlendirme E¤itimi Raporu Yüksekö¤retim Kalite Kurulu 2018b\nTurkey-Higher Education Policy Study Human Development Sector Unit 2007\nHuman Development Reports United Nations…","…Güvencesi 2016 Y›l› Durum Raporu Yüksekö¤retim Kalite Kurulu 2017b\nYüksekö¤retim De¤erlendirme ve Kalite Güvencesi 2017 Y›l› Durum Raporu Yüksekö¤retim Kalite Kurulu 2018a\nKurumsal D›fl De¤erlendirme Program› De¤erlendirme E¤itimi Raporu Yüksekö¤retim Kalite Kurulu 2018b\nTurkey-Higher…","Yüksekö¤retim Kalite Kurulu (2018a)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":3710150859,"citingcorpusid":59137144,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…a period of magmatism, probably related to the Pan-African orogeny, in the Cambro-Ordovician, circa 400–500 Ma, with a cluster of ages at circa 470 Ma [Le Fort et al., 1979; Zeitler et al., 1989; Chamberlain et al., 1989; Treloar et al., 1991, 2000; Foster et al., 1999; Lombardo et al., 2000].","Other important components are eclogites [e.g., Pognante and Spencer, 1991; Lombardo et al., 2000, and references therein], and CambroOrdovician granitoid intrusions [e.g., Le Fort et al., 1979]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3710150847,"citingcorpusid":59137144,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These earliest continental sediments are called the Murree Formation in Pakistan [Shah, 1977], the Dagshai Formation in India [Bhatia, 1982], and the Dumre Formation in Nepal [Sakai, 1989]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2539969641,"citingcorpusid":21890490,"citedcorpusid":11018557,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Trask is widely expressed in epithelial cells and tissues as a variable blend of 140-kDa and 85-kDa forms, the latter due to proteolytic cleavage of its distal extracellular region by serine proteases, including the membrane bound MT-SP1 (5, 42).","pressing doxycycline-inducible Trask was previously described (5).","is also phosphorylated by SFKs in cells, and its phosphorylation can be inhibited by all classes of SFK inhibitors (5).","Lanes correspond to MDA-468 (1) and MDA-231 (2) breast cancer cells, Du145 (3) and PC3 (4) prostate cancer cells, and DLD1 (5) and HCT116 (6) colon cancer cells.","lytic cleavage of its distal extracellular region by serine proteases, including the membrane bound MT-SP1 (5, 42).","smaller intracellular region containing five tyrosines (5)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1712735662,"citingcorpusid":49477099,"citedcorpusid":154410780,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Common border, or contingency, is another independent variable that has previously been found to have a positive effect on bilateral trade values (Fischer and Johansson, 1995; Magerman et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1123068476,"citingcorpusid":147630847,"citedcorpusid":49346295,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These and similar results demonstrate that dolphin social learning is selective, and is influenced by a number of factors: behavioral context, novelty of behavior and/or model, the social significance of the model, and personality (Kuczaj et al., 2012).","For example, when dolphins first encountered a swimmer with an\nKuczaj & Eskelinen 121\nartificial swim leg, the bolder calves and juveniles were the first to examine the leg, swimming close to it, orienting and echolocating on it (Kuczaj et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":278492505,"citingcorpusid":5094524,"citedcorpusid":12723851,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Using thumbnails of pages to assist users in recognising them has been explored in Data Mountain [9], for access to bookmarked pages.","[9] Robertson, G., Czerwinski, M., Larson, K., Robbins, D.C., Thiel, D., and van Dantzich, M. Data Mountain: using spatial memory for document management."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":65697692,"citingcorpusid":14749793,"citedcorpusid":12723851,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some work has been done to extend the desktop metaphor by letting users organize documents spatially [24]; by providing the user with a better view of the existing hierarchical structure [15] (and see [16]","Different approaches have different advantages and disadvantages, and depending on the scenario, they can be more or less effective; however, browsing seems to be the preferred method for most users, so approaches to improve document location include alternate hierarchy visualization [3,15,23]; automated document clustering or organization sometimes used in conjunction with optional visualization [1,11,17]; using a time centered metaphor [7]; taking advantage of spatial cues and spatial memory [3,5,24]; and implementing new interaction components [20]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":291676079,"citingcorpusid":1664367,"citedcorpusid":59713273,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":30026433,"citingcorpusid":14289944,"citedcorpusid":1861068,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These codes were first stud ied in the context of the erasure channel [17], [18]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":30026436,"citingcorpusid":14289944,"citedcorpusid":3261851,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To do this, we adapt the feedback-reducing block/chunk strategies used earlier in the context of reliability funct ions [9], [10], and most specifically in [14].","Furthermore, limited feedba ck can be used to improve reliability [14]."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":30026454,"citingcorpusid":14289944,"citedcorpusid":15591270,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["channel model feedback state information Shulman [19] compound full none Tchamkerten and Teletar [15] compound full none Draper, Frey, and Kschischang [21] AVC 0-rate at decoder Shayevitz and Feder [16] individual sequence full none This paper individual sequence 0-rate none","[20] S. Draper, B. Frey, and F. Kschischang, “Efficient variable length channel coding for unknown DMCs,” inProceedings of\nthe 2004 International Symposium on Information Theory, Chicago, USA, 2004.","[21] investigated a model based on AVCs that is similar in spirit to the model cons idered by Shayevitz and Feder."],"intents":[["background"],null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":933608721,"citingcorpusid":11346388,"citedcorpusid":12723851,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It is for this purpose that we have developed a prototype for a 3D file navigation application that builds on the \" Data Mountain \" that Robertson, Czerwinski, et al have created [8].","Risden et al [8] built a novel 3D browser called \" XML3D \" that hyperbolically displayed connections on a website.","Figure 1 The Magic Cap Desktop Robertson et al 's [8] Data Mountain is an example of a simplified virtual desktop environment that takes advantage of user 3D perceptions in a different way than Magic Cap."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1912033015,"citingcorpusid":155084642,"citedcorpusid":153564266,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…development scheme on ‘urban bias’, a strategy that focused on large-scale urban-based development projects at the expense of the agricultural sector (Lipton 1977; Bates\nISSN 0258-9001 print / ISSN 1469-9397 online/04/02 227-26 2004 Journal of Contemporary African Studies DOI: 10.1080 /…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":855434992,"citingcorpusid":14931121,"citedcorpusid":12723851,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A similar choice is made in the document manager Data Mountain of Microsoft Research, where web pages are laid out on an inclined plane (Robertson et al, 1998).","A similar choice is made in the document manager Data Mountain of Microsoft Research, where web pages are laid out on an inclined plane ( Robertson et al, 1998 )."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3800423593,"citingcorpusid":19847220,"citedcorpusid":46171319,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":242886296,"citingcorpusid":16565983,"citedcorpusid":3334912,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The classic, tyrosine kinase VEGF receptors, which have been characterized on endothelial cells, are VEGFR-1 (flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR, flk-1) [14]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3825261435,"citingcorpusid":196687464,"citedcorpusid":84813408,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(Type species Nosoderma duponchelii Solier, 1841, by original designation) (Synonymy by Foley and Ivie, 2007).","To confuse the issue even more, the correct authorship and type species of Nosoderma Guérin-Méneville was recently determined (Foley and Ivie 2007), which, if the classification of García-París et al. (2006) is followed, results in an additional change in the generic combination to Verodes Casey.","Verodes brevicollis; Foley and Ivie, 2007: 71.","Foley and Ivie, 2007: 69.","The true authorship and type species of Nosoderma Guérin-Méneville has recently been established (Foley and Ivie 2007), and its use restricted to those species previously placed in Meralius Casey.","The replacement name Verodes Casey was proposed for those species formerly placed in Nosoderma sensu Solier not Guérin-Méneville (Foley and Ivie 2007), and that dramatically changed nomenclature is followed here.","Nosoderma Solier, 1841: 31, not Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 280 [homonomy discussed by Foley and Ivie 2007] LeConte,\n1851: 130.","Meralius furcatus (Kirsch) does not fit the definition of the genus (sensu Ðlipi½ski and Lawrence 1999; now considered a synonym of Nosoderma, Foley and Ivie 2007) and is incorrectly placed.","All paratypes with blue rectangle label PARATYPE; Sesaspis; ashei; %; Foley & Ivie 2007.","Foley & Ivie ‘07.","Verodes lutosus; Foley and Ivie, 2007: 71.","Verodes prominens; Foley and Ivie, 2007: 70.","Nosoderma turquinense; Foley and Ivie 2007: 68.",", 2001 [NEW COMBINATION] Nuevo Leon Sesaspis ashei [NEW SPECIES] Mexico\nVerodes Casey, 1907 (sensu Foley & Ivie 2007) Nosoderma Solier, 1841 not Guérin-Méneville 1838 Noserodes Casey, 1907 (Syn.","Nosoderma furcatum; Foley and Ivie, 2007: 68.","This resulted in a reclassification of the genera, including the elevation from synonymy of Sesaspis Casey, several changes in the species assigned to various genera, and correct usage of Nosoderma GuérinMéneville (=Meralius Casey of Ðlipi½ski and Lawrence 1999, see Foley and Ivie 2007).","Verodes venustus; Foley and Ivie, 2007: 71.","Verodes exsculptus; Foley and Ivie, 2007: 70.","105, 8 July 1992; 1420 m, J. S. Ashe #31; ex: misc. collecting/ red rectangle HOLOTYPE; Sesaspis; ashei; %; Foley & Ivie 2007 (SEMC).","; Blue Creek Village; 16 June 1981; W. E. Steiner/ EARTHWATCH Belize; Expedition 1981; D. H. Messersmith,; W. E. Steiner, et al./ red rectangle HOLOTYPE; Sesaspis; triplehorni; %; Foley & Ivie 2007 (NMNH).","Verodes longipennis; Foley and Ivie, 2007: 71.","Foley & Ivie ’07.","Notes: The genus Verodes is the second largest in the tribe behind Zopherus, and prior to this study contained 23 valid named species (sensu Foley and Ivie 2007).","Nosoderma montanum; Foley and Ivie 2007: 68.","Verodes subglabrus; Foley and Ivie 2007: 70.","Foley & Ivie 2007)\nNosoderma echinatum Guérin-Méneville, 1838 Nosoderma duponchelii Solier, 1841 (Syn.","Verodes anceps; Foley and Ivie, 2007: 71.","Verodes interruptus; Foley and Ivie, 2007: 70.","Meralius Casey was recently synonymized with Nosoderma Guérin-Méneville (Foley and Ivie 2007).","Foley and Ivie, 2007: 65.","Verodes senex; Foley and Ivie, 2007: 70.","All paratypes with blue rectangle label PARATYPE; Sesaspis; triplehorni; %; Foley & Ivie 2007."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,["background"],null,null,["methodology"],null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3777799274,"citingcorpusid":249464410,"citedcorpusid":18815799,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…2008), mutations in hiw, a neuronal E3 ubiquitin ligase (Collins et al., 2006; Wan et al., 2000; Wu et al., 2005), and shaggy, which encodes the Drosophila homolog of GSK3-B (Franciscovich et al., 2008; Franco et al., 2004) cause an increase in synapse bouton numbers and reduce quantal content."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1690090777,"citingcorpusid":41494731,"citedcorpusid":29518516,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Other applications include the automotive components industry in India [61], internet companies [62], vendor evaluation [63], network efficiency of OECD countries [64], football teams [65], university libraries [66], paper mills [67], higher education [68] and traffic safety [69]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3716764908,"citingcorpusid":247941720,"citedcorpusid":18815799,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Shaggy (sgg), the Drosophila homologue of the mammalian kinase GSK-3β, functions with neuronal activity to mediate neuronal stability in the CNS (Chiang et al., 2009) and at the NMJ to regulate bouton formation and microtubule organization (Franco et al. 2004; Ataman et al. 2008; Miech et al. 2008).","We similarly assessed the relationship between neuronal activity and kinase levels by expressing a dominant negative sgg transgene (sgg-DN) to decrease kinase levels (Franco et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3312245590,"citingcorpusid":233331674,"citedcorpusid":203042043,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["the stabilization and boundedness problem of the Markovian neural network [57]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3116274507,"citingcorpusid":224771105,"citedcorpusid":6581885,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["QWs also give polynomial speedups over classical algorithms for many practical problems, such as the element distinctness problem [25], the triangle finding problem [26], and evaluating NAND trees [27]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":859863247,"citingcorpusid":12965800,"citedcorpusid":17889025,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Contrary to our present results, TRPV1-mediated neuroprotection in vivo excitotoxicity has been reported recently (Veldhuis et al., 2003).","CB1 receptor mediates cell death of dopaminergic neurons in mesencephalic cultures There is evidence that AEA, the endogenous agonist of both TRPV1 and the CB1 receptors, protects the brain against ouabain-induced in vivo excitotoxicity, an effect mediated by the CB1 receptor but not by TRPV1 (van der Stelt et al., 2001; Veldhuis et al., 2003).","Here, we showed the direct actions of TRPV1 by applying its\nagonists (CAP and AEA) and antagonists (CZP and iodo-RTX), whereas in studies by Veldhuis et al. (2003), TRPV1 actions were evaluated during excitotoxic injury, which might compromise physiological functions of TRPV1 for preventing the…","…neurons in mesencephalic cultures There is evidence that AEA, the endogenous agonist of both TRPV1 and the CB1 receptors, protects the brain against ouabain-induced in vivo excitotoxicity, an effect mediated by the CB1 receptor but not by TRPV1 (van der Stelt et al., 2001; Veldhuis et al., 2003).","However, it is worthy to note that Veldhuis et al. (2003) also showed that CZP alone reduced brain injury caused by excitotoxicity.","Contrary to our present results, TRPV1-mediated neuropro-\ntection in vivo excitotoxicity has been reported recently (Veldhuis et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":3476194976,"citingcorpusid":212920691,"citedcorpusid":115101367,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3550559725,"citingcorpusid":237390154,"citedcorpusid":44128058,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":17763471,"citingcorpusid":46857049,"citedcorpusid":25856758,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(left and right) respectively [32]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1003765771,"citingcorpusid":82315512,"citedcorpusid":3565744,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It has been recommended that possible MED-induced severe sinus bradycardia or atrioventricular block be corrected by administering the alpha-2-antagonist atipamezole (Short, 1992; Greene, 1999).","MED or DEX has been combined with tiletamine-zolazepam to induce anaesthesia and with opioids, such as butorphanol, oxymorphone or morphine, to enhance sedationanalgesia in cats (Greene, 1999; Selmi et al., 2003).","In veterinary practice, α2-agonists are useful for providing sedation, analgesia and muscle relaxation (Greene, 1999).","Small-sized, stressed and difficult animals may require larger doses to successfully induce these responses than bigger or calmer ones (Short, 1992; Ko et al., 1997; Greene, 1999).","Opioids, such as butorphanol, fentanyl, morphine, oxymorphone, pethidine and buprenorphine, have been combined with MED systemically to enhance sedationanalgesia in dogs (England and Clarke, 1989; Bartram et al., 1993; Ko et al., 1997; Greene, 1999; Guller et al., 2001; Robinson et al., 2001).",", 1996), making their use quite controversial (Alibhai et al., 1996; Greene, 1999).","Analgesia induced by these drugs is usually of shorter duration than sedation (Short, 1992; Greene, 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3936113164,"citingcorpusid":54697314,"citedcorpusid":127417426,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Terrestrial evidence for such humid episodes is found throughout the Peninsula within fluvio-lacustrine deposits (Maizels, 1987; Sanlaville, 1992; Preusser et al., 2002; Preusser, 2009; Petit-Maire et al., 2010; Waldmann et al., 2010), speleothems (Burns et al., 1998, 2001; Bar-Matthews et al., 2003; Fleitmann et al., 2003, 2011; Vaks et al., 2006, 2010; Fleitmann and Matter, 2009), and deep sea cores from the Arabian Sea (Rostek et al., 1997; Saraswat et al., 2005; Saher et al., 2009; Govil and Naidu, 2010).",", 2006, 2010; Fleitmann and Matter, 2009), and deep sea cores from the Arabian Sea (Rostek et al., 1997; Saraswat et al., 2005; Saher et al., 2009; Govil and Naidu, 2010).","…et al., 2010), speleothems (Burns et al., 1998, 2001; Bar-Matthews et al., 2003; Fleitmann et al., 2003, 2011; Vaks et al., 2006, 2010; Fleitmann and Matter, 2009), and deep sea cores from the Arabian Sea (Rostek et al., 1997; Saraswat et al., 2005; Saher et al., 2009; Govil and Naidu, 2010)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2516505947,"citingcorpusid":143050851,"citedcorpusid":35825135,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Both theories make powerful predictions about lexical comprehension and production as well as about stages of development in second language acquisition (Kroll & Tokowicz, 2001).","Two models currently predominate in the field: the Hierarchical Model and Conceptual Features Model, with more recent attempts to integrate the two (Kroll & Tokowicz, 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2251146819,"citingcorpusid":40094503,"citedcorpusid":59454091,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…is distributed along the contact surface ripple proportional to sin kx, which is actually the initial cause of the growth of the contact surface ripple (Fraley, 1986, Samtaney and Zabusky, 1993, 1994, Velikovich, 1996, Wouchuk and Nishihara, 1997, Wouchuk and Cavada, 2004, Herrmann et al., 2008).","It should be noted that the growth rate becomes smaller than the above growth rate for a strong shock because the bulk vorticity left by the ripple shocks suppresses the growth (Wouchuk and Nishihara, 1997).","(E.5)\nIt should be noted that the growth rate becomes smaller than the above growth rate for a strong shock because the bulk vorticity left by the ripple shocks suppresses the growth (Wouchuk and Nishihara, 1997).","However, for the linear growth of RMI, only the shock curvature effect is required as explained below (Wouchuk and Nishihara, 1996, 1997, Wouchuk et al., 2009), and the baroclinic effect is not essential.","(3.7)\nThe pure linear RMI solution is reproduced by η̃ ∼ t cosx (Wouchuk and Nishihara, 1997, Matsuoka et al., 2003) when ωt = kvlin(va0/vlin)t = kva0t ≪ 1.","…instability with density stratification (Richtmyer, 1960, Meshkov, 1969, Brouillette, 2002, Nishihara et al., 2010), which is essentially driven by non-uniform velocity shear at the interface left by shocks (Fraley, 1986, Samtaney and Zabusky, 1993, 1994, Wouchuk and Nishihara, 1996, 1997).","It should also be noted that the rippled shock leaves vorticity behind in the bulk, but they are the second order and also decays with time (Wouchuk and Nishihara, 1997)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2120799600,"citingcorpusid":219730108,"citedcorpusid":32835505,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Altered expression of retinoid-binding proteins may lead to perturbed visual/ rhodopsin cycle and decreased retinoid concentrations which are also suggested by cytoskeletal remodeling via actin, vimentin, tubulin phosphorylation, and angiogenic reaction modulated by VEGF and EPO [69–71], (4) altered lipid metabolism that includes cardiolipin as a mitochondrial indicator of apoptosis and cholesterol as a protein aggregator [72–74], (5) imbalance of mitochondrial stoichiometry, (6) complement activation by C3, C5, C7, C9, CFB, CFH, and CFI [16, 75]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":599589408,"citingcorpusid":56345834,"citedcorpusid":25251481,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["NRAS and PTEN mutations are also mutually present in melanomas with the oncogenic role of RAS being to activate the PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathways [287]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4079539907,"citingcorpusid":257498511,"citedcorpusid":56480878,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Autophagy is another important form of cell death mechanism [29]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3901495927,"citingcorpusid":251951189,"citedcorpusid":167754930,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["While the challenges of partnership approaches to crime prevention are well documented (Tierney 2001; Tilley 2002; Berry et al. 2009; Homel and Brown 2017), it has been recognised that partnerships are required for the successful delivery of public health approaches to violence reduction (Craston et  al.","Since the flagship Morgan Report of 1991, it has often been asserted that the development of crime prevention strategies and their delivery requires partnership approaches or inter-agency working (Tierney 2001; Tilley 2002; Berry et al.","While the challenges of partnership approaches to crime prevention are well documented (Tierney 2001; Tilley 2002; Berry et al.","Since the flagship Morgan Report of 1991, it has often been asserted that the development of crime prevention strategies and their delivery requires partnership approaches or inter-agency working (Tierney 2001; Tilley 2002; Berry et al. 2009; Rosenbaum and Schuck 2012; Homel and Brown 2017)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":889527187,"citingcorpusid":21609380,"citedcorpusid":29273507,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":4079539915,"citingcorpusid":257498511,"citedcorpusid":216110330,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Over the last few years, the use of natural compounds as a genuine option for the management of different cancers has largely been accepted [20, 21]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":902884656,"citingcorpusid":4517664,"citedcorpusid":21465593,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, competition and predation between predators can mitigate their effects on prey populations, thereby increasing prey numbers and altering their behavior (Hixon and Beets 1993; Rosenheim et al. 1993; Lucas et al. 1998; Sih et al. 1998)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2844422382,"citingcorpusid":31052760,"citedcorpusid":23282872,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The predominant type is squamous cell carcinoma but both small cell and adenocarcinoma is increasing in incidence, especially in females.(3) The reasons for this change in histological type are unclear but may be related to change in types of cigarette smoked, diet, other environmental factors as well as host predisposition."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1028284930,"citingcorpusid":90152240,"citedcorpusid":6579000,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Since the development of ermEp* in 1985 (131) as a strong constitutive promoter, much more research has been carried out into stronger promoters that can be used in these GC high bacteria.","The ermEp* promoter is well characterised (131) and known to work as a relatively strong promoter in S.","It was decided that MmfR production should be under the control of ermEp*,(131) a strong constitutive promoter unrelated to the methylenomycin cluster, rather than its own promoter."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3691613787,"citingcorpusid":247231978,"citedcorpusid":221199846,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["combined NiO nanoparticles on a hexagonal Ni-MOF through a simple self-template method [192].","5 [192] Cu-MOF@MnO2 1 M Na2SO4 667 F g (1 A g) 95/6,000 (4 A g) — [188] ZIF-67@PANI 1 M KOH 2,497 F g (1 A g) 92."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":1782386125,"citingcorpusid":210939568,"citedcorpusid":18327622,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["D’Annunzio and Russo (2017) study consumer opt-in policy in a setting where firms can track cross-website behavior, and de Cornière and Nijs (2016) investigate the ad network’s incentive to disclose consumer information to advertisers.","Second, even if the ad network possessed similar same levels of information as the advertiser, it may have less capacity to infer consumer’s willingness to pay for a specific product offered by the advertiser (de Cornière and Nijs, 2016).","…to deliver personalized content (Hauser et al., 2009; Urban et al., 2013), (ii) infer consumers’ product preferences to inform pricing decisions (de Cornière and Nijs, 2016; Ichihashi, 2019; Montes et al., 2019; Taylor, 2004), and (iii) target ads to particular consumer segments (Bergemann and…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3466486426,"citingcorpusid":220839965,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In 2003, Cahali [7] presented LP as the first surgical procedure targeted to modify LPW for the treatment of pharyngeal instability, and SPC was the principal muscular structure involved.","Lateral Pharyngoplasty: A New Treatment for Obstructive Sleep Hypopnea Syndrome [7] SPC 10 45.","Different authors have proposed surgical solutions to prevent the upper airways from collapsing [6], but in 2003, Cahali [7], for the first time, described lateral pharyngoplasty (LP), i.e., a surgical transoral approach focused on LPW, allowing, in this way, an enlarging of the oropharyngeal space and a stiffening of fibromuscular structures.","Different authors have proposed surgical solutions to prevent the upper airways from collapsing [6], but in 2003, Cahali [7], for the first time, described lateral pharyngoplasty (LP), i."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":856420201,"citingcorpusid":13646893,"citedcorpusid":1872043,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In slices from embryonic rat brain spontaneously occurring radial glial calcium waves\nTable 5 Nucleotide acts as an autocrine/paracrine signal stimulating its own release and inducing cell to cell spread of a Ca2+ signal\nNucleotide Tissue investigated Substance released/receptor involved References\nATP Rat basophilic leukemia cells and mast cells ATP/P2R [343]\nADP, nucleotide analogs Guinea pig heart endothelial cells ATP/P2YR [344]\nATP Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells ATP/P2R [345]\nATP, UTP Cultured astrocytes ATP, UTP/P2Y1, P2Y2 [92–97] ATP Cortical astrocytes in vivo Nucleotide/P2R [98, 99]\nATP Rat retinal Müller cells ATP/P2Y [346]\nATP Chicken retinal pigment epithelium ATP/P2R [347]\nATP Rat hypothalamic tanycytes ATP/P2Y1 [348] ATP Rat embryonic radial glial cells ATP/P2Y1 [349] ATP Microglia cultured from rat cerebral cortex ATP/P2R [350]\nATP Mouse pancreatic β cells ATP/P2YR [351, 352]\nrequired intracellular IP3-mediated Ca2+ release, opening of connexin hemichannels and transcellular ATP signaling involving P2Y1Rs [349].","The authors showed that ATP acts as a positive autocrine signal in human β cells by activating P2Y1Rs, stimulating electrical activity and coupling Ca2+ influx to Ca2+ release from ER stores.","ATP elicited Ca2+ waves between tanycytes through P2Y1Rs which could amplify the detection of glucose [348].","P2Y1Rs have been identified in ATP-mediated Ca 2+ wave\npropagation in cultured rat dorsal spinal cord astrocytes [95] whereas in IL-1β-treated human fetal cortical astrocytes P2Y2Rs [96] and in another study on rat spinal cord astrocytes, P2Y1R2 and P2Y2Rs [97] have been implicated.","In turn, inhibition of P2Y1Rs in astrocytes cultured from rat dorsal spinal cord inhibited ATP-induced glutamate release and Ca2+ mobilization [57].","It stimulated insulin release through P2Y1Rs, but inhibited it via P2Y13Rs [275].","In a more recent study on the perifused rat and mouse hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (excluding the paraventricular nucleus), activation of P2Y1Rs increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in supraoptic nucleus neurons and release of vasopressin and oxytocin, an effect abrogated in P2Y1R−/− explants [106].","In astrocyte cultures from newborn\nrats and mice release of glutamate via Ca2+ release from internal stores was elicited through P2Y1Rs [56].","induced ROS production via activation of P2Y1Rs [220].","Interestingly, Ca2+ waves propagating via P2Y2Rs were found to travel faster and further than those propagating via P2Y1Rs.","In a subsequent study on perfused rat pancreas, the P2Y1R antagonist MRS 2179 reduced the release of somatostatin into the portal vein, suggesting an intrinsic activation of somatostatin release via ATP-activated P2Y1Rs [283].","The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) is released from rat microglial cells following stimulation with either ATP or ADP in an autocrine fashion, possibly involving P2Y1Rs and P2Y11Rs.","The analysis of the P2Rs involved suggested that Ca2+-mobilizing P2Y1Rs and cation-conducting P2X4Rs played amajor role in ATP- and ADP-induced calcium signaling and prolactin release [115].","This involved P2XRs (P2X2/3 and P2X7) but not P2Y1Rs [108].","In mouse skeletal muscle, ATP released by electrical stimulation induced ROS production via activation of P2Y1Rs [220]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":115530379,"citingcorpusid":25539652,"citedcorpusid":15293005,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["adiabatic, thereby contributing entirely to the junction temperature increase [34]; additionally, temperatures are estimated up to the measured tolerable avalanche energy","Based on the information provided in [34], a lattice temperature close to 1270 ◦C is required for 4HSiC to attain an intrinsic carrier concentration of 1016 cm-3."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":192209566,"citingcorpusid":2538057,"citedcorpusid":35511299,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1198723245,"citingcorpusid":143548,"citedcorpusid":83069671,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Johnstone River snapping turtle (Elseya irwini) is a medium to large-sized, short-necked, largely herbivorous turtle.(1) It is native to Australia and restricted to the Burdekin, Johnstone and Hartley Creek drainages in North Queensland."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1582371257,"citingcorpusid":4401281,"citedcorpusid":16610237,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":4019605292,"citingcorpusid":254705605,"citedcorpusid":39414955,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The fact that both tomato cultivars had more Si in the roots agrees with their classification of tomato plants as low Si uptakers made by Ma and Yamajy (2006) [53] and Hodson et al."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":842049081,"citingcorpusid":8410137,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The sensitivity of the DiroChek ® test has improved over the years from 90% in early reports [13] to 98-100% in later evaluations of improved reagents [14, 15].","The antigen capture test marketed by Synbiotics ® (San Diego, CA) and used in this study has been evaluated for sensitivity and specificity in several studies where the results of this antigen capture test were measured against necropsy findings in the same dogs [13-15] The specificity of the test in dogs with worm burdens of more than 2 female D.","immitis has been consistently high, ranging from 98 to 100% in dogs that have had proven infections by necropsy [13-15]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3075846708,"citingcorpusid":118079196,"citedcorpusid":121846258,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Theorem 7.1: (see Theorem 8~3 [4] and Theorems i and 2 of [ 5 ].)"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3864221136,"citingcorpusid":251335890,"citedcorpusid":132700023,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of them were focused on the upper Hanjiang River region (Yin et al., 2010, 2013; Huang et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2013; Zhou et al., 2014, 2016; Yin, 2015; Mao et al., 2016; Tan et al., 2018); there were relatively few relevant studies on the entire basin (Zhou et al., 2006; Ding and Zheng, 2020).","There were a few of previous studies on the HRB’s historical precipitation, but most of them were focused on the upper Hanjiang River region (Yin et al., 2010, 2013; Huang et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2013; Zhou et al., 2014, 2016; Yin, 2015; Mao et al., 2016; Tan et al., 2018); there were relatively few relevant studies on the entire basin (Zhou et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":951893530,"citingcorpusid":11425095,"citedcorpusid":56028475,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of uses for kenaf by demonstrating its suitability in building materials (particle boards of various densities and thicknesses, with fire and insect resistance), adsorbents, textiles, livestock feed, and fibers in new and recycled plastics (injected, molded, and extruded) (Webber and Bledsoe 2002).","Late-maturing varieties tend to be photoinsensitive relative to early maturing ones when cultivated in tropical regions owing to their relatively late flower initiation (Webber and Bledsoe 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2979064328,"citingcorpusid":24368218,"citedcorpusid":85185666,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2A) revealed Although NH4+ uptake was progressively inhibited by 250 induction pattern of NO3uptake commonly and 500 uM FA, the temporal pattern of uptake was not h maize (5, 15, 19, 20).","(20), inhibition of activity of the induced system by FA was similar whether NH44 was present or not."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3656866688,"citingcorpusid":246395520,"citedcorpusid":142935695,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Positive school climate has been associated with several protective factors such as mattering (Flett, 2018), hope (Worrell & Hale, 2001), a sense of safety (Kutsyuruba et al., 2015), teacher engagement (Yang et al., 2018), resilience (Aldridge et al., 2016), and mental health (Bledsoe et al., 2021).","Positive school climate has been associated with several protective factors such as mattering (Flett, 2018), hope (Worrell & Hale, 2001), a sense of safety (Kutsyuruba et al., 2015), teacher engagement (Yang et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2870915189,"citingcorpusid":141704800,"citedcorpusid":190820421,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2753217695,"citingcorpusid":39043711,"citedcorpusid":27775002,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Eye movement responses to vertical linear motion have been described as being vertical in nature [13–17], and this kind of natural stimulation in cats and rats evokes only very small responses, even at relatively high accelerations [1,27]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1848971397,"citingcorpusid":22794057,"citedcorpusid":46500874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The development of ACD requires the activation of innate immunity which allows the maturation of cutaneous dendritic cells.(6) Langerhans cells can leave the epidermis and migrate from skin to lymph nodes after hapten challenge, thereby presenting antigen to haptenspecific effector T cells and initiating the allergic response.","Irritant contact dermatitis and ACD may have identical clinical, histologic, and molecular presentations, so skin testing and performing immunologic tests are 2 different methods to differentiate them.(6) Cumulative data support that the immune system plays an important role in eliciting ICD."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":285006269,"citingcorpusid":22132246,"citedcorpusid":42568265,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["During recent studies of microfungi associated with plants in Panama, several species were described as new and many species and host plants recorded for the first time for Panama inAscomycota(HofmannandPiepenbring2006; Trampe and Piepenbring 2007), Basidiomycota (Hernandez et al. 2007; Piepenbring 2005, 2006), and Hyphomycetes ( Kirschner and Piepenbring 2006 ).","…several species were described as new and many species and host plants recorded for the first time for Panama in Ascomycota (Hofmann and Piepenbring 2006; Trampe and Piepenbring 2007), Basidiomycota (Hernández et al. 2007; Piepenbring 2005, 2006), and Hyphomycetes (Kirschner and Piepenbring 2006).","During recent studies of microfungi associated with plants in Panama, several species were described as new and many species and host plants recorded for the first time for Panama in Ascomycota (Hofmann and Piepenbring 2006; Trampe and Piepenbring 2007), Basidiomycota (Hernández et al. 2007; Piepenbring 2005, 2006), and Hyphomycetes (Kirschner and Piepenbring 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3295271904,"citingcorpusid":46649727,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although the timing of maturation – i.e. early, on time or late – has no effect on adult height (Bielicki & Hauspie, 1994; Kozieł, 1997; Malina et al., 2004), the correlation between late adolescent/young adult height and height at about 14 years of age (mean age of maximum growth during male…","early, on time or late – has no effect on adult height (Bielicki & Hauspie, 1994; Kozieł, 1997; Malina et al., 2004), the correlation between late adolescent/young adult height and height at about 14 years of age (mean age of maximum growth during male adolescence) is highly significant at w0·6 (Malina et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1578991787,"citingcorpusid":108519355,"citedcorpusid":53556954,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…charged sprays for both ground application (Herzog et al., 1983; Giles and Law, 1990; Giles and Blewett, 1991; Cooper et al., 1992; Giles et al., 1992; Cooper et al., 1998; Maski and Durairaj, 2010) and aerial application (Cooper et al., 1992; Kihm et al., 1992; Carlton et al.,…","Practical applications based on this improved understanding led to field studies using electrostatically charged sprays for both ground application (Herzog et al., 1983; Giles and Law, 1990; Giles and Blewett, 1991; Cooper et al., 1992; Giles et al., 1992; Cooper et al., 1998; Maski and Durairaj, 2010) and aerial application (Cooper et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3906738807,"citingcorpusid":226566837,"citedcorpusid":21073043,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In particular, we use a two-state MMPP that has been widely and successfully used to represent distinguishing types of Internet traffic since it can capture the time-varying arrival rate and the important correlations among inter-arrival times [9], [10], [11].","Furthermore, this simplification is justifiable by the fact that the two-state MMPP accurately represents the Internet traffic [9], [10], [11] while maintaining an analytical tractability.","MMPP has been widely and successfully used to represent many types of data traffic since it can capture the time-varying arrival rate and the important correlations among inter-arrival times while enabling analytical tractability [9], [10], [11]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":613463116,"citingcorpusid":26003945,"citedcorpusid":8644320,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[2] compared panoramic radiography and tomography and reported correlation coeYcients of 0."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":342290117,"citingcorpusid":38560071,"citedcorpusid":1007315,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The modularity promoted by OAQA (Yang et al., 2015) and YodaQA (Baudiˇs, 2015) along with an also modular and reusable and reshapable implementation developed in WS4A (Rodrigues et al., 2016), shaped the idea of a system for lay users, using resources easily available."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3948810505,"citingcorpusid":239039508,"citedcorpusid":6866979,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Graph-based robotics learning [8], knowledge representation and reasoning [9], logical inference and planning [10] are also relevant to this work."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3440423212,"citingcorpusid":237246316,"citedcorpusid":6866979,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", real) world through noisy sensors and actuators, building on other work in our group on combining non-monotonic logical reasoning with probabilistic reasoning at different resolutions [23].","In other work we combined ASP-based non-monotonic logical reasoning with probabilistic reasoning for more precise action execution at a finer granularity [23]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":400238885,"citingcorpusid":42069755,"citedcorpusid":35546361,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[") We will also adopt some notations from Qi’s paper [28, 29] that Axm−1 = A ×2 x · · · ×m x, Ax = A×1 x×2 x · · · ×m x.","The definitions of tensor Z-eigenvalues and H-eigenvalues follow the ones in [28, 29]."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":102953558,"citingcorpusid":5120682,"citedcorpusid":3445255,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The finding of these properties suggests the possibility that the N terminus of SCCRO3 could serve as a tether, linking the protein to plasma or an organelle membrane via a fatty acid anchor (23)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4108903092,"citingcorpusid":255673507,"citedcorpusid":204250735,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, root networks or systems can physically bind soil particles to stabilize soil structure and affect soil erodibility (Liu et al., 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":606933336,"citingcorpusid":59036218,"citedcorpusid":35546361,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["1) is not a strict extension of the classical definition for eigenvalues of a square matrix, as it excludes complex eigenvalues whose eigenvectors satisfy xx=0 but x 6=0 [17].","E-eigenvalues are invariant under orthonormal coordinate changes [17].","The name “Z-eigenvalue” has already been used widely in the literature [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24].","It was proved in [15, 17] that E-eigenvalues of a higher order tensor are invariants of that tensor.","When m is odd, the E-characteristic polynomial ψA(λ) is defined [17] as ψA(λ)=Res(x,x0) ( Axm−1−λx 0 x xx−x(2)0 )","E-characteristic polynomials were introduced in [15, 17], and discussed in [14, 6].","According to Theorem 4 of [17], any E-eigenvalue λ of A must be a root of ψA(λ); if A is regular, then a complex number λ is an E-eigenvalue of A if and only if it is a root of ψA(λ).","The E-eigenvalues of a tensor were introduced in [15, 17].","We now survey the definitions and properties of E-characteristic polynomials in [6, 14, 15, 17] Definition 1.","This implies that the coefficients of the E-characteristic polynomial, divided by the first nonzero coefficient, are invariants of that tensor; see Theorem 5 of [17]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1035833896,"citingcorpusid":94133393,"citedcorpusid":4317750,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The selenoprotein VIMP binds p97 and Derlin-1 concomitantly (Ye et al., 2004).","Among these proteins are the VCP interacting membrane protein (VIMP) and ubiquitin regulator-X (UBX) domain proteins such as Ubxd2 (Liang et al., 2006; Ye et al., 2004).","Derlin-1 was found to be essential for the human cytomegaloviral US11 protein triggered MHC class I dislocation and to be a central component of complexes containing VIMP, p97 and Synoviolin (Lilley and Ploegh, 2004; Schulze et al., 2005; Ye et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2042366917,"citingcorpusid":199677769,"citedcorpusid":122305932,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["l(y2) = y′′ 2 + q(x)y2 + μ (2)y2 = 0, (17) where λ = −μ2.","It is well known that Equations (16) and (17) have two linearly independent solutions of y1,j and y2,j in [−1, 0) and (0, 1], respectively, satisfying the relations"],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":923628668,"citingcorpusid":15207010,"citedcorpusid":15652283,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3269189135,"citingcorpusid":158760806,"citedcorpusid":154513707,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The closer the market’s assessment of target value (conditional on all public deal-related information) to the offer price, the higher is the expected probability of the target being successfully acquired (Samuelson and Rosenthal, 1986).","Expected completion probability Target stock price at the end of the deal-announcement day over takeover premium, both adjusted by the target stock price eight weeks before the deal announcement; following Samuelson and Rosenthal (1986): P+1−P−42 Poffer−P−42 ."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1708351088,"citingcorpusid":26161142,"citedcorpusid":207407303,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["There is no licensed treatment against L-DOPA–induced dyskinesias (LIDs).","In the present study, we examined global and cell-specific conditional p11 knockout (KO) mice in experimental Parkinsonism models to identify the brain circuitries that mediate p11-dependent therapeutic effects of L-DOPA as well as LIDs.","Targeting the serotonergic, glutamatergic, and/or cholinergic systems have been reported to counteract LIDs (3). p11 (i.e., S100A10) is a member of the S100 EF-hand protein family, which increase the levels of distinct serotonin (5-HT1BR and 5-HT4R) and glutamate (mGluR5) receptors at the cell surface, resulting in enhanced effects on cell signaling via these receptors (4, 5). p11 is widely expressed in the brain with particularly high levels in cholinergic neurons (6–9). p11 is regulated by a variety of stimuli and therapies, most notably antidepressants (4). p11 is strongly up-regulated in the striatum following repeated treatment with L-DOPA in the 6-OHDA– lesioning model of experimental parkinsonism (10). p11 can therefore influence several pathways implicated in LIDs.","Moreover, the therapeutic effect of L-DOPA is gradually shortened as disabling dyskinetic side effects emerge (3).","These results imply that reductions of p11 in D1R-containing cells, for example, by viral-mediated gene transfer (18), may be a viable therapy against LIDs.","Targeting the serotonergic, glutamatergic, and/or cholinergic systems have been reported to counteract LIDs (3).","However, here we demonstrate that the p11-dependent sensitization of L-DOPA–induced contralateral rotations involves a D2Rcontaining cell population that is distinct from a D1R-containing population that generates LIDs.","It has been suggested that similar mechanisms underlie both L-DOPA–induced locomotor sensitization and LIDs (e.g., 24).","Because both 5-HT1A/BR agonists and mGluR5 antagonists have shown antidyskinetic properties in PD patients with LIDs (22, 23), it will be important to further delineate the pathways whereby p11 influences serotonergic and glutamatergic mechanisms underlying LIDs.","Abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) in rodents have been used as a model of LIDs in human PD (14)."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"],null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1864002579,"citingcorpusid":202028361,"citedcorpusid":58631152,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…maintenance of synapses has been mainly examined at the level of identifying molecular factors necessary for maintaining synaptic stability, density and morphology (Lin and Koleske, 2010;Luo et al., 2014;Cherra and Jin, 2016;Sytnyk et al., 2017;Burden et al., 2018;Hasan and Singh, 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3211639640,"citingcorpusid":229400881,"citedcorpusid":117245007,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Time-based stochastic models predict the time it takes a building to change its state (i.e. damaged to recovered) conditioned on its initial damage state through the characterization of a probability distribution (Kang et al., 2018; Mishalani and Madanat, 2002).","Using this framework, Kang et al. (2018) and Lin and Wang (2017a, 2017b) used stochastic models to model housing recovery after the 2014 Napa earthquake and a test-bed community after a hypothetical earthquake, respectively.","damaged to recovered) conditioned on its initial damage state through the characterization of a probability distribution (Kang et al., 2018; Mishalani and Madanat, 2002).","In addition to the lognormal distribution values being strictly positive, the lognormal distribution has been used to represent the delay times in other regions of the world (Almufti and Willford, 2013; Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2010; Kang et al., 2018)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3904929182,"citingcorpusid":251791343,"citedcorpusid":59416943,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of the Arctic Ocean was dominated by radiative fluxes, and the exchange of heat between the Arctic Ocean and atmosphere was strongly moderated by the surface albedo, which was associated with the ice types (Perovich et al 2002, Perovich and Polashenski 2012, Webster et al 2015, Lei et al 2016)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":207019519,"citingcorpusid":35343461,"citedcorpusid":1602278,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":4015082798,"citingcorpusid":254892354,"citedcorpusid":118682131,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Typical examples are the works of DeNegre and Ralphs (2009), Caramia and Mari (2015), Fischetti et al.","In the present work, we adopt the optimistic approach for the resolution of such conflicts, because it guarantees the existence of an optimal solution under reasonable regularity assumptions (Dempe 2002)."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3738818627,"citingcorpusid":248754927,"citedcorpusid":121056662,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["According to Magnus (1954) Ω i ( t i , t ) = Multiple applications of the fundamental theorem of calculus results in where O ( A ( k ) ( t i )) depends only on derivatives of order k and lower, and O ( A ( k ) ( t i )) = 0 for k   0 .","According to Magnus (1954) where the commutator [ A , B ] := AB − BA ."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":983571109,"citingcorpusid":62887291,"citedcorpusid":201627561,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The findings of the present study were consistent with those of Aziz, Akhtar, and Rauf (2014) and Sukrapi, Muljono, and Purnaningsih (2014), who revealed that there were significant positive correlations between teachers' competency and motivation."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":1210486680,"citingcorpusid":113077825,"citedcorpusid":121056662,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["4 The Magnus Expansion The Magnus expansion [Mag54][BCOR09] is a series solution to the differential equation dY d t = AY (B."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":347709576,"citingcorpusid":6909584,"citedcorpusid":2106641,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Other related work include landmark search engines [33,20,31], location search [12,24,2,32], and the applications in mobile devices [1]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":803639534,"citingcorpusid":8655284,"citedcorpusid":24198216,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The HupA derivatives ZT-1, bis-HupA, bis-HupAtacrine, as well as different formulation of HupA are also being developed as new anti-AD drugs in several countries (Wong et al. 2003; Ma et al. 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1584226811,"citingcorpusid":164283842,"citedcorpusid":202693117,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["La présente étude révèle que les extraits aqueux des plantes engendrent une létalité 100 % des lombrics au bout d’un temps élevé (3 à 72 h), comparativement aux résultats d’autres chercheurs ayant travaillé sur d’autres espèces de lombric et d’autres plantes (temps de létalité inférieur à 3 h) [15-22].","Les profils chimiques réalisés par bien de chercheurs sur les plantes étudiées ont révélé la présence des flavonoïdes et des tannins [19, 21, 23-26].","Par ailleurs, il a été montré que l’activité anthelminthique des extraits aqueux de diverses plantes, testée sur d’autres espèces de lombric, est significativement très prononcée aux doses comprises entre 50 et 200 mg/l [15-22]."],"intents":[null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2643872046,"citingcorpusid":71905838,"citedcorpusid":37717260,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The decrease in the reduced-to-oxidized glutathione ratio, an important indicator of oxidative activity in hepatocytes, appears to initiate useful compensatory pathways: shifting of glycogen metabolism toward UDP-glucose formation, which may stimulate both ascorbate synthesis and glucuronidation.(11) The investigators suggest that increased glucuronidation prevents further oxidation of aglycones, protecting cells from the generation of toxic electrophilic compounds and from the consequent progressive lowering of"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3090920867,"citingcorpusid":222476383,"citedcorpusid":144920358,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Also, the companies involved in UNGC commit to enhance wider sustainability agendas with the support of the UNGC (Voegtlin & Pless 2014).","For instance, UN Global Compact (UNGC) is the world largest voluntary sustainable initiative for the multinational organizations that agree to implement their strategies and operations to meet the ten principles of UNGC."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":841838076,"citingcorpusid":6200334,"citedcorpusid":21593519,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…models of the dorsal horn are limited to general frameworks for the possible arrangement of excitatory and inhibitory nodes in the dorsal horn (Hillman and Wall 1969; Melzack and Wall 1965), mathematical functions relating dorsal horn output to afferent inputs (Britton et al. 1996; Britton…","…to the efficacy of SCS. Early studies demonstrated that SCS produced inhibition in dorsal horn neurons similar to that produced by stimulation of a peripheral\nnerve from receptive fields that did not make excitatory connections with that same neuron (Foreman et al. 1976; Hillman and Wall 1969).","…not include representations of surround inhibition, as C-fiber threshold stimulation of afferents from surrounding receptive fields, as conducted in the corresponding experiments, causes excitation that overrides surround inhibition (Hillman and Wall 1969; Kato et al. 2011; Menetrey et al. 1977).","The responses of deep dorsal horn projection neurons to several types of electrical and natural stimuli showed that wind-up and A fiber-mediated inhibition may exist in tandem, as depicted in the model (Hillman and Wall 1969; Mendell 1966; Price et al. 1971).","…fields (Shealy et al. 1972), a prediction also supported by prior studies of the effect of SCS on dorsal horn neurons (Foreman et al. 1976; Hillman and Wall 1969), but more recent studies and models have not examined the role of surround inhibition in the efficacy of SCS.\nAdditionally,…","Although tactile or electrical stimulation of surround receptive fields inhibits dorsal horn neurons (Hillman and Wall 1969; Menetrey et al. 1977), few studies have considered the contributions of surrounding receptive field activation to the efficacy of SCS. Early studies demonstrated that SCS…","…the dorsal horn are inhibited by stimulation of A-fiber afferents, and this inhibition typically follows a brief period of A fiber-mediated excitation (Duggan and Foong 1985; Foreman et al. 1976; Hillman and Wall 1969), suggesting a polysynaptic relay between A-fiber afferents and the WDR neuron.","…acute recordings from WDR projection neurons during SCS in animal models used frequencies (1–10 Hz) below the clinical range (Foreman et al. 1976; Hillman and Wall 1969), and later studies on the behavioral and neuronal effects of SCS in neuropathic animal models employed only the “clinical…","…monosynaptic responses to SCS. Segmental mechanisms are sufficient to explain suppression of WDR neuron activity during SCS (Foreman et al. 1976; Hillman and Wall 1969; Smits et al. 2012), but modulation of neuronal responses from supraspinal centers also contributes to the response to SCS.","1B) (Hillman and Wall 1969)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3705528118,"citingcorpusid":238676306,"citedcorpusid":153501731,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2019), and by enhancing the occurrence of forest wildfires and reducing the social stability over Peninsular Malaysia (Hui-Mean et al., 2019; Yusof et al., 2013).","…reducing local paddy and oil palm production, which are the most important crops in Malaysia (Firdaus et al., 2020; Nurul Fatin et al., 2019), and by enhancing the occurrence of forest wildfires and reducing the social stability over Peninsular Malaysia (Hui-Mean et al., 2019; Yusof et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3705527831,"citingcorpusid":238676306,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["2.3.4 | Wavelet transform coherence\nTo investigate climate impacts on droughts at multiple time scales, the wavelet transform coherence (WTC) is used (e.g., He et al., 2020; Torrence & Webster, 1999)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":937334687,"citingcorpusid":35464481,"citedcorpusid":120054968,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Since dual core fibers made of dissimilar cores can exhibit better performance and switching characteristics than the ones with identical cores (Atai and Chen, 1992; Atai and Chen, 1993; Bertolotti et al., 1995; Nistazakis et al., 2002), one may anticipate rich dynamics and interesting applications…","Since dual core fibers made of dissimilar cores can exhibit better performance and switching characteristics than the ones with identical cores (Atai and Chen, 1992; Atai and Chen, 1993; Bertolotti et al., 1995; Nistazakis et al., 2002), one may anticipate rich dynamics and interesting applications if such couplers are also equipped with Bragg gratings."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2431621141,"citingcorpusid":53682515,"citedcorpusid":121496182,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…superflare generating time ( 40 yr), we find that\nR=v tad < d 2= turb: (18) Hence,\nturb < d 2=tad 1018 .cm2/=Œ.3–12/ 108 .s/\n.0:6–2:4/ 109 .cm2 s 1/: (19) These numbers are comparable to the turbulent diffusivity values assumed in previous flux transport dynamo models (e.g., Hotta & Yokoyama 2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":960171355,"citingcorpusid":14689567,"citedcorpusid":85820891,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":148209915,"citingcorpusid":27125469,"citedcorpusid":100974933,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A high concentration of water vapor will form a closed circle on the outside of flame area, replacing the air around the flame and reducing the amount of oxygen around the flame [21].","concentration of ater vapor ill for a closed circle on the outside of fla e area, replacing the air around the fla e and reducing the a ount of oxygen around the fla e [21]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":362452157,"citingcorpusid":44031381,"citedcorpusid":13353353,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3722930226,"citingcorpusid":248150638,"citedcorpusid":143585619,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The influx of marriage migrants into South Korea can be understood as a temporary solution to the care deficit, population aging, and population decline in the context of rapid economic development (Lee, 2012).","Indeed, the citizenship of marriage migrants was conceptualized in terms of so-called reproductive citizenship, which refers to their reproductive role that meets the state’s needs to address low fertility and an aging population (Hwang, 2011; Kim, 2011; Lee, 2012).","The sociodemographic needs of South Korea—low fertility, the marriage squeeze, and the care deficit—accompanied by rapid economic growth and social changes during the last five decades gave rise to the phenomenon (Lee, 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3140883023,"citingcorpusid":225698418,"citedcorpusid":15271950,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This effect, labeled the ‘motivational crowding out effect’ by economists (Frey, 1994) and the ‘overjustification effect’ by psychologists (Lepper et al., 1973), has been demonstrated across a wide range of contexts (e.g., Deci et al., 1999).","…holding instrumental motives can undermine whatever internal motives may have been operating, leading to drops in overall motivation, persistence and performance (Deci et al., 1999; Frey & Oberholzer-Gee, 1997; Frey, 1994; Kiviniemi et al., 2002; see B. Schwartz & Wrzesniewski, 2019, for a review)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2348368964,"citingcorpusid":130710813,"citedcorpusid":130750433,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many studies have attempted to reconstruct past SWW behaviour using terrestrial records (e.g. Lamy et al., 2010; McGlone et al., 2010; Moreno et al., 2010, 2014; Kilian and Lamy, 2012)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3895926636,"citingcorpusid":251889949,"citedcorpusid":22515725,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…practices that affect them are influenced by the ways humans interpret, categorize, and conceptualize various components of nature (Bennett et al. 2017; Moon and Blackman 2014; Teel and Manfredo 2010), which translates into perceptions and attitudes toward policies and management (Kellert 1984)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":873641353,"citingcorpusid":13983986,"citedcorpusid":42990370,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We have previously published studies on sweet substance-induced analgesia in adult rats (Segato et al., 1997; Segato et al., 2005; Irusta et al., 2001; Rebouças et al., 2005; Miyase et al., 2005; Kishi et al., 2006) weighing 250 g (mature adult rats).","This is surprising, considering that many of our previous reports suggest that only chronic intake of sweet substances causes antinociception in adult mammals (Segato et al., 1997; Irusta et al., 2001; Segato et al., 2005).","There is evidence that the consumption of sweet palatable substances produces analgesia in animals (Holder, 1988; Blass and Shide, 1994; Segato et al., 1997; Irusta et al., 2001; Anseloni et al., 2002).","However, other studies found sweetened substances caused persistent opioid and non-opioid analgesia in adult rats (Segato et al., 1997; Irusta et al., 2001; Miyase et al., 2005; Rebouças et al., 2005; Kishi et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1710852267,"citingcorpusid":204901360,"citedcorpusid":168799277,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Botswana Qualifications Authority [BQA] regulates the standard of vocational training across the entire spectrum, in order to promote the development of an integrated system that is accessible to all [8]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2031142307,"citingcorpusid":202583467,"citedcorpusid":166227804,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We mention here the Generalized Sliced (Kolouri et al. 2019), Tree-Sliced (Le et al. 2019), max-Sliced (Deshpande et al. 2019), Subspace Robust (Paty & Cuturi 2019, Niles-Weed & Rigollet 2019), and Distributional Sliced (Nguyen et al. 2020) Wasserstein distances.","2019), Tree-Sliced (Le et al. 2019), max-Sliced (Deshpande et al."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":2908379468,"citingcorpusid":202583467,"citedcorpusid":30127481,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These considerations make it a natural and powerful data analytic tool—see for instance del Barrio et al. (1999, 2005), Courty et al. (2016), Ramdas et al. (2017), Arjovsky et al. (2017), Ho et al. (2017), Bernton et al. (2019a,b), Verdinelli & Wasserman (2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2114941477,"citingcorpusid":219719614,"citedcorpusid":110206794,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of three-stage tracking system of candidate\npests would be ideal for onset, persistence and diagnosing damaged and healthy crop patches using meteorology,\nhigh-resolution multi-spectral and hyperspectral remote sensing as demonstrated for mustard rot\ndisease (Bhattacharya and Chattopadhyay, 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3489634524,"citingcorpusid":204865486,"citedcorpusid":99474131,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":916922596,"citingcorpusid":56538455,"citedcorpusid":144622316,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["O’Brien and Fassinger (1993) in “A causal model of the career orientation and career choice of adolescent women” study the relationship between career orientation and career choices among adolescent women.","Fassinger (1985) in “A causal model of college women’s career choice”, studies a sample of 309 freshmen and sophomores.","The author finds that academic performance, success orientation and attitude to gender equality predict students’ career orientation, which in return predicts their behavior in career choices (Fassinger, 1985)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":817651728,"citingcorpusid":6531709,"citedcorpusid":26552453,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The increase of ALA-RE activity may be associated to an overproduction of free radicals, confirmed by an increase in MDA production [66]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":782863459,"citingcorpusid":7438707,"citedcorpusid":35574800,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["colis70 promoter (TATAAT) and (TTGACA) respectively [17]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2815976520,"citingcorpusid":34684094,"citedcorpusid":86009121,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Whereas the physiological function of PPARin normal epithelial cells is largely unknown, PPAR- activation was reported to inhibit the proliferation of malignant cells from different lineages such as liposarcoma (Tontonoz et al. 1997), breast adenocarcinoma (Elstner et al. 1998, Mueller et al. 1998), prostate carcinoma ( Kuboto et al. 1998 ), colorectal carcinoma (Brockman et al. 1998, Sarraf et al. 1998, Kitamura et al. 1999), non-small cell ...","These observations suggest that induction of differentiation by activation of PPAR- may represent a promising novel therapeutic approach for cancer as already demonstrated for liposarcoma (Demetri et al. 1999) and in xenograft models of prostate ( Kuboto et al. 1998 ) and colon cancer (Sarraf et al. 1998).","In adipocytes, macrophages, breast, prostate and non-small cell lung cancer cells, thiazolidinediones are reported to induce apoptosis (Chinetti et al. 1998, Elstner et al. 1998,  Kuboto et al. 1998,  Mueller et al. 1998, Okuno et al. 1998, Chang & Szabo 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3192230896,"citingcorpusid":3654121,"citedcorpusid":42393794,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These expression patterns are described in detail elsewhere and the expression patterns of representative members of the hoxd and hoxa clusters are diagrammed in Figure 4 (IzpisuaBelmonte et al., 1991; Nohno et al., 1991; Yokouchi et al., 1991; Nelson et al., 1996)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":885329516,"citingcorpusid":25814834,"citedcorpusid":42393794,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This respecification results in mirror-image patterns of expression of Hox-4 genes that precede the development of mirror-image patterns of digits (IzpisuaBelmonte et al., 1991a; Nohno et al., 1991)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1945068872,"citingcorpusid":125232446,"citedcorpusid":11716870,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The rate of passing-by dust particles affecting the antennas exceeds the impact rate on their surface by the large factor LD∕a, of order of magnitude 104 for the cases listed in Table 1 (we do not consider the impacts on the spacecraft, which are generally not efficiently detected in dipole mode). These numbers suggest that the electric noise produced by dust grains passing by the antennas may be worth considering. Such a measurement via a time domain sampler has been discussed by Meuris et al. [1996]. We consider below the possibility of such a measurement via a wave receiver, i.","and has been used for modeling the QTN by Chateau and Meyer-Vernet [1991]; Zouganelis [2008]; Le Chat et al.","The electron distribution close to the Sun is expected to have significant anisotropies, in particular, due to the suprathermal electrons focused along the magnetic field—the so-called strahl [e.g., Marsch, 2006]. The effects of electron temperature anisotropies on the QTN at low and high frequencies have been estimated by Meyer-Vernet [1994], whereas the effects of the electron bulk speed on the QTN cutoff at the plasma frequency have been considered by Issautier et al. [1999]. However, the effects of drift or focusing of suprathermal electrons, which is an important topic, has not yet been studied.","and has been used for modeling the QTN by Chateau and Meyer-Vernet [1991]; Zouganelis [2008]; Le Chat et al. [2009]. Since the probability for the speed to lie in the range [v, v + dv] is fκ(v) × 4πv2dv and we have [ d dv [v(2)fκ(v)] ]","Compared to Maxwellians or Kappas, for which the bulk of the distribution has a relatively similar shape, flat-top distributions have a large excess of medium energy particles, and the “temperatures” defined in (20)–(22) with q < 0 generally exceed the kinetic temperature T2, contrary to distributions with suprathermal tails. For example, the distribution studied by Chateau and Meyer-Vernet [1989], f (v) ∝ [1 + (v∕v0)(8)], which can approximate distributions measured in the Earth’s magnetosheath, has T−2 = 1.","[1993], the frequencies of these minima can be used to measure accurately the modulus of the magnetic field, whereas the increased level between gyroharmonics, produced by the QTN in Bernstein waves (having k nearly normal to B)—essentially determined by suprathermal electrons [Sentman, 1982]—can be used to estimate their energy. The spectra shown in Figure 6 are rather similar to those calculated by Yoon et al. [2017] for k nearly perpendicular to B (with an integration over k). Note that these calculations are somewhat different from the estimates by Meyer-Vernet et al. [1993] who include","[1993], the frequencies of these minima can be used to measure accurately the modulus of the magnetic field, whereas the increased level between gyroharmonics, produced by the QTN in Bernstein waves (having k nearly normal to B)—essentially determined by suprathermal electrons [Sentman, 1982]—can be used to estimate their energy. The spectra shown in Figure 6 are rather similar to those calculated by Yoon et al. [2017] for k nearly perpendicular to B (with an integration over k).","where k∥ and k⟂ are the k components respectively parallel and perpendicular to the antenna direction (see details in Schiff [1970] and Couturier et al.","The electron distribution close to the Sun is expected to have significant anisotropies, in particular, due to the suprathermal electrons focused along the magnetic field—the so-called strahl [e.g., Marsch, 2006]. The effects of electron temperature anisotropies on the QTN at low and high frequencies have been estimated by Meyer-Vernet [1994], whereas the effects of the electron bulk speed on the QTN cutoff at the plasma frequency have been considered by Issautier et al."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["result"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":829277585,"citingcorpusid":19246445,"citedcorpusid":41247084,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The practice of avoiding the narcotic analgesic meperidine in patients receiving MAOIs is based on data from case reports with nonselective MAOIs and from one case report with oral selegiline and meperidine (pethidine).(51) For those patients receiving MAOIs, morphine is considered the narcotic analgesic of"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1068613619,"citingcorpusid":55555435,"citedcorpusid":119975282,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The term m > 1 was introduced in [12], see also [15], by describing the dynamics of biological population whose mobility depends upon their density.","In this context, m > 1 means that the diffusion is slower than in the linear case (m = 1), which seems to give more realistic models, see [12]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1174944345,"citingcorpusid":3421503,"citedcorpusid":38262564,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The concentration of HbA1c correlated with diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy and it is considered as a tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes associated complications[25].","In oxidative stress, uric acid preserves the ability of vascular dilatation of the endothelium and prevents alteration of endothelial enzymes levels[25]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1163174728,"citingcorpusid":67838554,"citedcorpusid":119975282,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These new parameters (m, n) were introduced in [22,29] by describing the dynamics of a biological population whose mobility depends upon its density."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3772309242,"citingcorpusid":101250239,"citedcorpusid":2415832,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although discovered fairly recently (1990), the PPARs are among the most studied of ligand-activated transcription factors, in part because of their antineoplastic effects, which have been demonstrated not only in tissue cultures but also in vivo in a variety of model systems (7,13,14,16)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1709538237,"citingcorpusid":13381055,"citedcorpusid":205494145,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["On the other hand, ROS are also involved in immune protection and in cell signalling pathways, therefore suppressing or enhancing them too much might be harmful for the organism (6)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4103441,"citingcorpusid":13381055,"citedcorpusid":30116152,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Fruit and vegetable sources in the diet are associated with lower rates of chronic diseases, and this is often attributed to their content of antioxidants and a resulting protection against oxidative stress (39,40)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2432176865,"citingcorpusid":22849069,"citedcorpusid":13634360,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Microglial processes have been shown to make contact with synapses (Wake et al., 2009; Tremblay et al., 2010a), introducing the concept of the quadripartite synapse (Bennett, 2007; Rogers et al., 2011; Schafer et al., 2013).",", 2006), the question is whether the term ‘quadripartite’ synapse (Bennett, 2007; Rogers et al., 2011; Schafer et al., 2013) can be justified, as it can misleadingly suggest that microglia together with astrocytes can modulate overall synaptic signalling.",", 2010a), introducing the concept of the quadripartite synapse (Bennett, 2007; Rogers et al., 2011; Schafer et al., 2013).","…are\nknown to regulate synaptic activities (Moriguchi et al., 2003; Hayashi et al., 2006), the question is whether the term ‘quadripartite’ synapse (Bennett, 2007; Rogers et al., 2011; Schafer et al., 2013) can be justified, as it can misleadingly suggest that microglia together with astrocytes…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":98897773,"citingcorpusid":3299936,"citedcorpusid":23405589,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The identified risk factors for the progression of NAFLD are: obesity, being over 45 years of age, having diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, or hypertension [9,10]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":520767624,"citingcorpusid":3066020,"citedcorpusid":135600022,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[38] investigated how one can count impurities substituted on adjacent parallel columns and how accurate simulations are required for upgrading it with confidence to a scale integer by integer.","Along this general trend, many applications are now carried on using atomic resolved maps of complex oxide structures (see [38] for a glimpse at a few of them)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3036594431,"citingcorpusid":145558495,"citedcorpusid":6768422,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of emotional tone (Meili, 1959), social responsiveness (Gesell & Ames, 1937), autonomic response patterns (Bridger & Reiser, 1959; Grossman & Greenberg, 1957; Richmond & Lustman, 1955), biochemical individuality (Mirsky, 1953; Williams, 1956), and electroencephalographic patterns (Walter, 1953)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":181993489,"citingcorpusid":11517129,"citedcorpusid":10074599,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In this study, we compared the behavior of two inbred strains of rats, the Fisher 344 (F344) that is thought to be anxious and acutely hyper-reactive to stress [20-22] and the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats purported to be an endogenous model of chronic stress state and depression [2330] in the OFT and the EPM."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1735472837,"citingcorpusid":210126494,"citedcorpusid":12586519,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Especially, the cubic phase CsPbI3 is likely to be the most promising candidate for light harvester of PSCs [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11] due to its proper","We believe that such information will be useful to materials engineers (as a guide) who want to develop PSCs with enhanced efficiency and stability.","Especially, the cubic phase CsPbI3 is likely to be the most promising candidate for light harvester of PSCs [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11] due to its proper band gap of 1.73 eV, absorbing most of the visible-light spectrum up to 700 nm [12], ultra-fast dynamics of charge carrier [13], extra-long carrier diffusion length over 1.5 µm [6], and lifetimes exceeding 10 µs [14].","To realize the high efficient PSCs and LEDs using CsPbI3, the cubic α-phase should be stabilized at room temperature.","In addition to the phase instability, the halide perovskites\nwere also known to be readily decomposed into their constituent compounds under exposure to light, heat and moisture, representing the major obstacle to long-term outdoor application of PSCs.","Rather, to avoid the phase degradation of CsPbI3 under ambient conditions, many researchers preferred to develop bromide-based PSCs such as CsPbBr3 (efficiency, 8.8","When compared with the hybrid halide perovskites MAPbX3, the stable temperature points could be said to be much higher, indicating that the PSCs made by using the inorganic halide perovskites CsPbX3 could have enhanced stability upon exposure to heat.","Eperon et al. [7] firstly fabricated the working CsPbI3 solar cells with an efficiency of 2.9% in 2015, and soon after, PSCs with enhanced efficiencies of 10.7% [6, 15], 11.8% [16], 13.4% [17] and 15% [18] and\n∗Corresponding author Email address: cj.yu@ryongnamsan.edu.kp (Chol-Jun Yu)\nexcellent thermal/moisture stability have been realized by applying the quantum dot and surface passivation engineering."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1084496687,"citingcorpusid":130871852,"citedcorpusid":153852238,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1697494451,"citingcorpusid":204858563,"citedcorpusid":145312277,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several research has proven which the curriculum reform has some positive effect on learning the outcome such as conducted by Tong et al. (2014), B Strick (2014), John, Yvonne J. (2015), Kahveci, Nihat Gürel; Atalay, Özlem (2015), Suryadi, B., Ekayanti, F., & Amalia, E (2018), LaMotte, M. (2018),…","as conducted by Tong et al. (2014), B Strick (2014), John,"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2035328945,"citingcorpusid":198477949,"citedcorpusid":120626742,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1828597976,"citingcorpusid":158395604,"citedcorpusid":145312277,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A number of these cited researchers used multiple source of data collection, a process\ncalled triangulation (Enfield, 2014; Fuhui Tong et al., 2014; Hall & Williams, 2015; Nixon &\n29\nAkerson, 2004; Slough & McTigue, 2010; Sorvik et al., 2015; Wills, 2009).","…to support teachers with the process of integration results in positive teacher change and classroom methodologies (Cervetti & Pearson, 2012; Fuhui Tong et al., 2014; Greenleaf et al., 2011; Lapp et al., 2013; Mantzicopoulos & Patrick, 2011; Odegaard et al., 2014; Plummer & Kuhlman, 2008;…","Teachers need continued professional development to support change as they progress toward an integrated approach (Cervetti & Pearson, 2012; Fuhui Tong et al., 2014; Greenleaf et al., 2011; Lapp et al., 2013; Odegaard et al., 2014; Mantzicopoulos & Patrick, 2011; Plummer & Kuhlman, 2008; Schmidt,…","Similar studies support these data collection tools and analysis\n46\n(Bryce, 2011; Diamond, 2007; Fuhui Tong et al., 2014; Girod & Twyman, 2009; McDonald et al., 2012; Nixon & Akerson, 2004; Wills, 2009; Odegaard et al., 2014; Sorvik et al., 2015; Zwiep et al., 2011).","Observations, videos, and field notes are also commonly used methodologies in qualitative research (Enfield, 2014; Fuhui Tong et al., 2014; Hall & Williams, 2015; Nixon & Akerson, 2004; Slough & McTigue, 2010; Sorvik et al., 2015; Wills, 2009).","Fuhui Tong et al. (2014) researched the effects of integrating literacy and science\ninstruction as an intervention for fifth grade English language learners (ELL).","To determine themes in their perspective studies (Fuhui Tong et al., 2014; Hall & Williams, 2015;\n28\nSlough & McTigue, 2010; Sorvik et al., 2015) also recorded field notes during interviews, observations, and videos.","…support for teachers is necessary to help them move toward the integration of\nscience and literacy (Cervetti & Pearson, 2012; Fuhui Tong et al., 2014; Greenleaf et al., 2011; Lapp et al., 2013; Mantzicopoulos & Patrick, 2011; Odegaard et al., 2014; Plummer & Kuhlman, 2008;…","Fuhui Tong et al. (2014) implemented a similar study with ELL students wherein science and literacy were intertwined."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":931295656,"citingcorpusid":3029743,"citedcorpusid":6779933,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A survey of LT programs conducted in 2007 revealed that indefinite antiviral therapywas themost frequent treatment strategywith lamivudine as the preferred antiviral agent and significant variation in HBIG usage (37)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1646373300,"citingcorpusid":206041633,"citedcorpusid":35846334,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Interestingly, in a series of French patients with PCT, of whom 28% were HCV positive, an association was found between PCT and a polymorphism of the human transferrin receptor-1 gene whose product is functionally associated with the HFE protein [20].","[20] Lamoril J, Andant C, Gouya L, Malonova E, Granchamp B, Martasel P, Deybac JC, Puy H."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1034716015,"citingcorpusid":99175194,"citedcorpusid":21900218,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", particulate particles in water (71), soil (72), sediment (73) and minerals (74).",", particles in water (71), soil (72), sediment (73) and minerals (74).","As adsorption/desorption of Hg on cinnabar is expected to be much faster than cinnabar dissolution (72), it is reasonable to assume that the isotope ratios of Hg in the aqueous phase approximately equal to those of adsorbed Hg on cinnabar (Eq."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2065678640,"citingcorpusid":130141708,"citedcorpusid":21900218,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Hg(II) complexation itself is also favorable at higher pH-values since at lower pH proton competition inhibits the mercury complexation; however this probably plays a minor role (YIN et al. 1997a).","53\nResults and Discussion\nPrevious adsorption studies have shown that humic substances have the property to complex Hg(II) (DREXEL et al. 2002; HAITZER et al. 2002; YIN et al. 1997a).","These results are consistent with the reports of other researchers, who found an initial fast desorption of mercury during the first 100 minutes, followed by slower release over the next 8 hours (WANG et al. 1991; YIN et al. 1997b)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":993669151,"citingcorpusid":39076725,"citedcorpusid":6812326,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["De-identification [12] of patient EHR refers to the process in which tuple attributes that identify the patient (termed as identifiers) are removed from the medical records."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3787330868,"citingcorpusid":219976039,"citedcorpusid":201960310,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Children with newly diagnosed as well as with established T1D have significantly elevated mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width compared to healthy subjects, which may be related to oxidative stress within T1D [20]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2230222644,"citingcorpusid":35858546,"citedcorpusid":9812860,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Adapted from C. Pennycuick (1967) [19]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1750752223,"citingcorpusid":55797900,"citedcorpusid":144086308,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Hofstede [5] states that there are three broad perspectives on culture as depicted in Figure 1:","Hofstede [5] states that there are three broad perspectives on culture as depicted in Figure 1:\n4th SEAS DTC Technical Conference - Edinburgh 2009\nThe implication of Figure 1 is that the areas amenable to changes in what Hofstede termed their ‘cultural values’ are at the individual and the collective culture levels, where value is seen as ‘a broad tendency to prefer certain states of affairs over others’.","Research by Hofstede [5,6], Trompenaars [10], Trompenaars & Woolliams [11], the GLOBE study [7] and others have identified several highly influential ‘core’ cultural factors.","Following Hofstede’s large study of managers across IBM’s international operations [5], many more focused studies have been carried out, in particular in the field of aviation.","Hofstede [5] defines culture as:\n“the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another ... includes systems of values; and values are among the building blocks of culture”\nThis implies that the acquisition of culture is an unconscious, subtle process, which leaves people with only a limited awareness of culture’s influence on their behaviour."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3418738964,"citingcorpusid":37550284,"citedcorpusid":22299190,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, it has already been shown that raw sludge is quite protective of poliovirus against heat (10).","As previously noted (10) and as shown in Fig."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":1899208472,"citingcorpusid":12150896,"citedcorpusid":22421557,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The H1R-KO mice were generated by homologous recombination with gene targeting on C57BL/6\nand 129/ola mixed genetic backgrounds as described\n(Inoue et al., 1996; Mobarakeh et al., 2000)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":815815476,"citingcorpusid":49236683,"citedcorpusid":22421557,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It has been reported that mainly H1 [12,13] and H4 [14,15] histamine receptors interfere with pain and inflammation."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":784505032,"citingcorpusid":29026506,"citedcorpusid":32686632,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This sequence overlaps with that of the B44-restricted epitope EEN LLDFVRF (residues 281 to 290 of EBNA-6A and -6B [6])."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1750752266,"citingcorpusid":55797900,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Hofstede [5] defines culture as:\n“the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another ... includes systems of values; and values are among the building blocks of culture”\nThis implies that the acquisition of culture is an unconscious, subtle process, which leaves people with only a limited awareness of culture’s influence on their behaviour.","Hofstede [5] states that there are three broad perspectives on culture as depicted in Figure 1:\n4th SEAS DTC Technical Conference - Edinburgh 2009\nThe implication of Figure 1 is that the areas amenable to changes in what Hofstede termed their ‘cultural values’ are at the individual and the collective culture levels, where value is seen as ‘a broad tendency to prefer certain states of affairs over others’.","Following Hofstede’s large study of managers across IBM’s international operations [5], many more focused studies have been carried out, in particular in the field of aviation.","Research by Hofstede [5,6], Trompenaars [10], Trompenaars & Woolliams [11], the GLOBE study [7] and others have identified several highly influential ‘core’ cultural factors."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2195449662,"citingcorpusid":134444616,"citedcorpusid":25270334,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…selection in Australia’s Eastern Yellow Robin (discussed above) and about the role individual genes play [MC1R in plumage coloration (San-Jose et al. 2017; Faust-Stryjewski and Sorenson 2017); ALX1 and HMGA2 in bill morphology (Lamichhaney et al. 2015, 2016); DRD3 in evolution of migration (Chap.","Other pairs of closely related birds stand out either for still unknown location of genetic differences or for the small number of loci that appear to be involved (see also Nosil and Feder 2012; Faust-Stryjewski and Sorenson 2017 in Australo-Papuan Lonchura finches)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2195450719,"citingcorpusid":134444616,"citedcorpusid":19257932,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A special opportunity to study speciation is provided by suture zones (Remington 1968, but see Swenson and Howard 2004), regions where species pairs variously either have hybrid zones, or come into close contact, or replace each other on either side of the zone while not occurring within it."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":918184128,"citingcorpusid":31894901,"citedcorpusid":25489114,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…ether (BDE209) and lead (Pb) are widespread and co-existed in soils in residential area near ewastes recycling sites (EWRSs), which threatens ecosystem stability and public health (Li et al., 2014; Sellström et al., 2005; Sun et al., 2013; Tang et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2016; Xu et al., 2015).","It is reported that decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) and lead (Pb) are widespread and co-existed in soils in residential area near ewastes recycling sites (EWRSs), which threatens ecosystem stability and public health (Li et al., 2014; Sellström et al., 2005; Sun et al., 2013; Tang et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2016; Xu et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":329825743,"citingcorpusid":30332572,"citedcorpusid":23376770,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":329826074,"citingcorpusid":30332572,"citedcorpusid":26028825,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1183264204,"citingcorpusid":147707711,"citedcorpusid":184503227,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This result supports the results of earlier studies concluding that the effectiveness of parental homework involvement depends on its quality (e.g., Knollmann and Wild, 2007a,b; Dumont et al., 2014; Gonida and Cortina, 2014; Moroni et  al., 2015).","Knollmann and Wild (2007b) conducted a survey with 181 German students concerning their parents’ provision of autonomy support, emotional support, and support for competence during parental instruction at home.","Most importantly, it is the quality (and not the amount) of homework involvement that is crucial for student outcomes (e.g., Knollmann and Wild, 2007a,b; Dumont et  al., 2014; Gonida and Cortina, 2014; Moroni et  al., 2015).","Such programs should accentuate the need to become involved in an autonomy- and competencesupportive manner, as this study and recent studies (Knollmann and Wild, 2007a,b; Dumont et  al., 2014; Gonida and Cortina, 2014; Moroni et  al., 2015) have provided evidence of the need to particularly…"],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":3512196410,"citingcorpusid":209499792,"citedcorpusid":9281721,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Third,  the microbiota  inhibits  the  invasion  and  infection  of  pathogenic microorganisms  by competing  for  intestinal nutrients and niches, as well as secreting bacteriostatic and antimicrobial substances [4,5]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2219499377,"citingcorpusid":143533978,"citedcorpusid":143531177,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ing a learning disability (Cohen, 1986). This suggests that although people with learning disabilities generally face higher levels of frustration than those without disabilities, intergroup differences in the experience of frustration may be a factor in one's emotional adjustment. Few studies have directly addressed this question, and those that do have yielded mixed results. Margalit and Shulman (1986), for example, found lower levels of perceived autonomy and higher levels of anxiety in students with learning disabilities than in those without disabilities."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":1861434358,"citingcorpusid":213852727,"citedcorpusid":39537127,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This bioactivity of glycoalkaloids in the genus Solanum, include its anticancer, anticolesterol, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic effect (Milner et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1861435310,"citingcorpusid":213852727,"citedcorpusid":18442529,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Tomatine 303 (C50H83NO21), like dehydrotomatin, is stereroid glycoalkaloids (SGA), and is located in 304 immature leaves and fruits of tomatoes, it is possible that this alkaloid protects the fruits 305 while they ripen (Caballero et al., 2003; Cárdenas et al., 2016).","Tomatine (C50H83NO21), like dehydrotomatin, is stereroid glycoalkaloids (SGA), and is located in immature leaves and fruits of tomatoes, it is possible that this alkaloid protects the fruits while they ripen (Caballero et al., 2003; Cárdenas et al., 2016)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1861435148,"citingcorpusid":213852727,"citedcorpusid":84795446,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These parasitic nematodes destroy 12.3% of crop production annually, which translates to more than 157 billion dollars worldwide (Hassan et al., 2013).","3% of crop production annually, which translates to more 59 than 157 billion dollars worldwide (Hassan et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1090956070,"citingcorpusid":130573502,"citedcorpusid":4280471,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["As noted at the time in Nature (MacIlwain and Verrell, 1994), SL9 also played into the policy discussions around planet\n454 Miller\nprotection from impact hazards, with the dinosaurs being cited as the way not to go.","(MacIlwain and Verrell, 1994)\nNature noted that the proposal by the Spaceguard group, to build six 2.5 m telescopes dedicated to watching out for rogue asteroids or comets potentially on a collision course with our home planet, would receive a new impetus, although some leading scientists such as…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3373807598,"citingcorpusid":235523180,"citedcorpusid":121488410,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This technique has been used in complex problems, where traditional methods (which use noninformative priors) are not applicable or do not perform well (Andrade and Gosling, 2011; Aaron et al., 1995; Truong and Heuvelink, 2013; Nemet et al., 2013; Wilcox et al., 2016)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1973928326,"citingcorpusid":18866022,"citedcorpusid":21988874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…antigens; Sm23 a member of the tetraspanin family of surface molecules (Da’dara et al., 2002, 2003), the fatty acid binding protein Sm14 (Tendler and Simpson, 2008) and the apical lipid bilayer-associated glucose transporter SGTP4 (Skelly et al., 1998; Krautz-Peterson et al., 2010).","The most prominent of these were the tegument-associated antigens; Sm23 a member of the tetraspanin family of surface molecules (Da’dara et al., 2002, 2003), the fatty acid binding protein Sm14 (Tendler and Simpson, 2008) and the apical lipid bilayer-associated glucose transporter SGTP4 (Skelly et al., 1998; Krautz-Peterson et al., 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":906299850,"citingcorpusid":1975515,"citedcorpusid":10522775,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Applications of labeled graphs as data representation models can be cited in almost every scientific context, such as electrical circuits [21, 54], networks of dynamical systems [60, 77], biochemical interaction networks [20, 31, 75], general time-varying labeled graphs [5], and segmented images [18, 57, 71]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2334704126,"citingcorpusid":7404841,"citedcorpusid":53518722,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["With Hubble Space Telescope (HST) H-band imaging available for 21/42 PCL1002 members (and 25/401 control galaxies), we investigate morphology and interaction state of rest-frame optical emission using the CANDELS visual classification scheme (Kocevski et al. 2012; Kartaltepe et al. 2012)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2413463259,"citingcorpusid":119206365,"citedcorpusid":53518722,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…initial subsets of the CANDELS legacy data set, several works have\n2 contrasted monochromatic structural measurements to galaxy-integrated stellar population properties (Wuyts et al. 2011b; Szomoru et al. 2011; Bell et al. 2012; Wang et al. 2012; Kartaltepe et al. 2012; Bruce et al. 2012)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3516241557,"citingcorpusid":195845496,"citedcorpusid":25778814,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2864573732,"citingcorpusid":18515212,"citedcorpusid":34426241,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Polarized light images were obtained essentially as described in Waterston\net al. (1980).","…vinculin, talin, and a-actinin are remarkably conserved in C. elegans and resemble the protein composition of adherens junctions in other systems, such as focal adhesions in tissue culture cells (Waterston et al., 1980; Francis and Waterston, 1985; Waterston, 1988; Moerman and Fire, 1997)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2210168743,"citingcorpusid":167307616,"citedcorpusid":166346420,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The process since then has been gradual but ongoing and, while the various political parties have differed over the type, sequencing and pace of reform, none has sought to reverse or put significant obstacles in the way of the specific initiatives taken (Ghuman, 1999).","…based on “memoranda of understanding” (MOUs), which was already in place and had attracted considerable international attention, was further developed and extended to a larger number of enterprises (Ghuman, 1999: 224-226; for earlier assessments see Mishra, 1990; Wettenhall & O Nuallain, 1990).","The granting of operational autonomy as a fundamental element of reform was initially limited to nine, and then later extended to another two, very large enterprises on the basis of highest profitability and size of capital (Ghuman, 1999: 227)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":31057737,"citingcorpusid":19583657,"citedcorpusid":1865948,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Alper P, Belhajjame K, Goble CA, Karagoz P (2014) Labelflow: Exploiting workflow provenance to surface\n16 In GeoSPARQL, this can also be expressed in terms of a separate FILTER statement (Battle and Kolas, 2012)\n17 Where the graph pattern does not contain a cycle, see Chekol et al (2013).","However, it has been shown that interesting fragments such as conjunctive queries without projection and acyclic queries17 without OPTIONAL statements can be solved efficiently (Chekol et al, 2013, 2011)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":274953608,"citingcorpusid":5386791,"citedcorpusid":87146556,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["By comparing their physical and spectroscopic data with the values reported in the literature, known compounds were identified as (3β,6β,8β,10β)-3-acetyl-8,10-dihydroxy-6-(2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy) eremophil-7(11)-eno-12,8-lactone (5) [26], 1β-hydroxy-α-cyperone (10) [22], 1β,6α-dihydroxy-4(14)-eudesmene (11) [27], oplodiol (12) [28], ananosmin (13) [29], 6α,15α-epoxy-1β, 4β-dihydroxy eudesmane (14) [30], (−)-clovane-2,9-diol (15) [31]."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":2457792091,"citingcorpusid":28233172,"citedcorpusid":5247103,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Pennisetum typhoideum) seeds (Kumar et al. 2005) and R. solani AG-2-Nt (isolate UBS-4) and AG-3 PT (isolate UBS-10) on barley (Hordium vulgare) seeds (Naito et al. 1993) for mass production."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2175761373,"citingcorpusid":55242304,"citedcorpusid":119118683,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Carnegie-Irvine color profiles show it has a bluer center suggesting younger stellar populations (Li et al. 2011), while spectral synthesis fits to Xshooter data of its nucleus (N. Karcharov et al., in prep) suggest a wide range of ages in the NSC with the most recently formed stars being a…","…data to estimate the sky backgrounds; the existing ground-based data include Kent (1987) and Lauer et al. (1998) for M32, Kent (1987) and Valluri et al. (2005) for NGC 205; and Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (CGS; Ho et al. 2011; Li et al. 2011; Huang et al. 2013) for NGC 5102\nand NGC 5206."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3647012123,"citingcorpusid":246000574,"citedcorpusid":153671935,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["At the same time, numerous, including authors' own, studies claim that specific economies are characterized by certain parameters and ratios of factors of production, which are relatively constant [4-7].","The need for such an assessment is dictated by the use of classical [4, 5] and modern [2, 6, 7] notions of the fact that it is labor and capital that are essential elements of the country's production processes that determine the production of GDP."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":301681304,"citingcorpusid":30663246,"citedcorpusid":97746721,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The absorption edges of CdS photocatalysts shift slightly from 511 nm to 505 nm as the temperature used in the solvothermal synthesis increases, indicating the existence of a small quantized transition [18] because it is known that bulk CdS displays an absorption edge at about 515 nm [31,32]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":810293932,"citingcorpusid":11861628,"citedcorpusid":23487792,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thrombolysis given within 3 h of stroke onset appears to offer a benefit for patients with AF with acute ischemic stroke. The option of treating with thrombolysis patients with acute ischemic stroke and AF is limited by a large volume of brain infarcts, old age and the likelihood of symptomatic brain hemorrhage. However, some studies, after adjustment for extent and severity of ischemia, have demonstrated that AF is not associated with secondary hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolysis ["],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":870628020,"citingcorpusid":24723895,"citedcorpusid":23487792,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":257020206,"citingcorpusid":43386908,"citedcorpusid":42108304,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The calculated SNR was as follows [28][29]:","where and are the highest and lowest pixel values, respectively, in the region of interest (ROI) applied over the uniform MRI [26]–[28]."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":3164188030,"citingcorpusid":206188125,"citedcorpusid":26108518,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1161504260,"citingcorpusid":69277233,"citedcorpusid":16792430,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Aggregate Channel Features (ACF) [15], Locally Decorrelated Channel Features (LDCF) [16], Spatial pooling+ [17] and also Viola Jones [18,19] are the non-deep learning methods.","To resolve the issue, Ribeiro et al. [24] implemented non-deep learning such as ACF and LDCF in the pedestrian detection problem to generate region proposals as the input of CNN methods."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":161903165,"citingcorpusid":7320065,"citedcorpusid":21420311,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Thus, the phenotypic effect and power to detect a QTL is relational and not absolute when comparing populations [1, 3].","However, most phenotypic differences are quantitative such that there are numerous overlapping phenotypic states [1-4].","For more detailed information see the enclosed references [1, 4].","In genetical genomics experiments, most traits may be controlled by numerous QTL with predominantly low to moderate phenotypic effect and thus small populations should be avoided [1, 3, 9].","This requires fine-scale recombinational mapping in conjunction with some form of transgenic confirmation of the phenotypic effect [1]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1042490675,"citingcorpusid":12938581,"citedcorpusid":23046518,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":145093820,"citingcorpusid":11218204,"citedcorpusid":21420311,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Affymetrix ATH1 GeneChip microarrays were hybridized, washed, scanned, and checked for quality as reported previously (West et al. 2006).","A fundamental issue in quantitative genetics is how the genotype determines the quantitative trait phenotype (Mackay 2001).","Furthermore, the relationship between transcript-level variation and downstream phenotypic trait variation is not well understood (Mackay 2001; Gibson and Weir 2005).","The RIL sample size, the observable number of recombinants, and the statistical analysis that we employed can all be considered limiting factors of this study that affect our ability to detect eQTL of small phenotypic effect (Beavis 1998; Mackay 2001; Doerge 2002; Kim et al. 2005)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1177843512,"citingcorpusid":115601593,"citedcorpusid":59021710,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Much of the effort focused on controlling the solar properties of glazings[1], altering the transition temperature by various means (including doping and strain)[2-4], as well as some work on modulating the infrared emission.","The optical data assessed by the ellipsometers were combined and a basic optical model fit to 300-3500 nm to ensure our existing [2] VO2 optical model was valid for these samples."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2495244851,"citingcorpusid":55075104,"citedcorpusid":59021710,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1099290770,"citingcorpusid":93891367,"citedcorpusid":5819998,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1575017947,"citingcorpusid":197474680,"citedcorpusid":3540016,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For the regularization parameter γ , we fit its value using cross-validation among values uniformly distributed in the log-space: we start with a low value γ 0 - typically γ 0 scaling as 1 / max i x i 2 as suggested in (Chu et al. 2015) - and inflate it iteratively by a factor two."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3676226013,"citingcorpusid":247029333,"citedcorpusid":6053553,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In fact, a dietary pattern may better reflect the possible synergistic or antagonistic actions of the different components rather than the action of single components [8].","Hence, dietary patterns may better predict overall health status and disease risk than individual nutrients or foods [8].","Contrariwise, the recent switch of nutrition research targeting the complex synergistic interplay among nutrients, other food constituents, and whole foods, has encouraged emerging interest on the actions of total dietary patterns [8]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1884450997,"citingcorpusid":211070711,"citedcorpusid":49426180,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Chakrabarti et al. described a subset of AERD patients with fungal hyphae identified in mucus but did not further characterize whether or not this subset met the complete criteria for AFRS.17\nIt is possible that the clinical manifestations of one disease increase the risk of progression to the second.","In vitro studies have shown that fungal reactions lead to production of cysteinyl leukotrienes and prostaglandins.18 Cysteinyl leukotriene and prostaglandin levels are altered in AERD patients at baseline, predisposing to the characteristic reactions when exposed to NSAIDs.19 Aspirin sensitivity is thought to be acquired, and this development could potentially be influenced in a subset of patients with AFRS.","Proposed research would include the evaluation of leukotriene levels and the prevalence of asthma in patients with AFRS.","Both Philpott et al. and Cody et al. showed an increased prevalence of asthma and aspirin sensitivity among patients with AFRS.13,14 These studies did not explicitly evaluate an overlap between AERD and AFRS but suggested that AFRS patients had independently higher rates of asthma as well as higher rates of aspirin allergy as compared to other CRSwNP patients.","It is also possible that in regions with high fungal concentrations and higher incidences of AFRS, polyps and nasal obstruction lead to an increased risk of inhaled fungal trapping, predisposing AERD patients to AFRS.","showed an increased prevalence of asthma and aspirin sensitivity among patients with AFRS.(13,14) These studies did not explicitly evaluate an overlap between AERD and AFRS but suggested that AFRS patients had independently higher rates of asthma as well as higher rates of aspirin allergy as compared to other CRSwNP patients.","In this case series, we describe 2 patients who meet current diagnostic criteria for both AERD and AFRS.","Objective: To describe patients meeting established diagnostic criteria for both AERD and AFRS in order to highlight deficits in the current CRSwNP endotype classification system as well as to expand awareness of the potential for aspirin desensitization as a treatment option in a subset of patients with AFRS.","Findings listed under minor criteria are supportive but not necessary for a diagnosis of AFRS.","Results: Patients met established diagnostic criteria for both AERD and AFRS."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,["result"],null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":2910123332,"citingcorpusid":10554830,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["J; Dingfelder 1962; Gelei 1929, 1954; K€uppers et al. 2006; K€uppers pers. commun.).","…on silver-stained specimens only (Canella 1954; Dingfelder 1962; Dragesco 1970; Dragesco and Dragesco-Kern eis 1986; Fleury and\nFryd-Versavel 1984; Foissner et al. 1999; Gelei 1929, 1954; Ilowaisky 1921; Jankowski 1979; Kahl 1932; K€uppers et al. 2006; Rossolimo 1930; Stiller 1975; Tuffrau 1972).","J; Dingfelder 1962; Gelei 1929, 1954; Ilowaisky 1921; Kahl 1932; Tuffrau 1972).","The principal differences exist in relative length of adoral zone (ca. 65% and ca. 75% [data from drawing] in the former vs. ca. 50% in the latter) and paroral (strongly developed in the former vs. moderately developed in the latter) (Dingfelder 1962; Gelei 1929, 1954).","The isolate described by Dingfelder (1962) under the name H. conicum is virtually identical to the ones described by Gelei (1929, 1954) in their body shape and size, two macronuclear nodules, relative length of adoral zone ca. 50%, moderately developed paroral and the fact that each were found in…","…arranged vs. ca. 1 lm in diam. and much more sparsely distributed), relative length of adoral zone (50% vs. 65%), paroral (moderately vs. strongly developed), number of dorsal kineties (three to five vs. three) as well as their habitats (freshwater vs. saline) (Dingfelder 1962; Gelei 1929, 1954).","…of Eukaryotic Microbiology © 2013 International Society of Protistologists Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 2013, 60, 588–600 595\nmacronuclear nodules and two micronuclei; (8) three to five dorsal kineties; (9) one frontal cirrus; and (10) freshwater habitat (Dingfelder 1962; Gelei 1929, 1954).","…tetranucleatum Deshmukh et al., 2011 (Canella 1954; Deshmukh et al. 2011; Dingfelder 1962; Dragesco 1970; Dragesco and Dragesco-Kern eis 1986; Fleury and FrydVersavel 1984; Foissner et al. 1991, 1999; Gelei 1929, 1954; Ilowaisky 1921; Kahl 1932; K€uppers et al. 2006; Rossolimo 1930; Tuffrau 1972).","Subsequently, Gelei (1954) described another Hungarian population."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3848720280,"citingcorpusid":251072322,"citedcorpusid":199388048,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It seems that a relatively high recent profile alone is not sufficient to prevent vitamin D insufficiency in elite sport, and careful implementation of specific strategies to avoid and remedy vitamin D insufficiency, while also avoiding toxicity, are likely to be needed in future [16].","There is also some evidence that adolescent elite athletes perceive themselves to be at very low risk of vitamin D deficiency [16] which may influence their behaviour in relation to sun exposure and/ or vitamin D intake."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3803592084,"citingcorpusid":224935536,"citedcorpusid":121432521,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["E P CS CL(fixed) 1 2 3 4 5 Partially locked mechanism: The DOF associated with any loop in a mechanism must be at least equal to one [19].","E P CS CL(fixed) 1 2 3 4 5 Partially locked echanis : The D F associated ith any loop in a echanis ust be at least equal to one [19].","These equivalent echanis s are cal ed pseudoiso orphic echanis s [19].","These equivalent mechanisms are called pseudoisomorphic mechanisms [19].","In this paper, the above procedure is used for the enumeration and type synthesis of VCR engine mechanisms that can be outlined as follows [19].","I Partially locked mechanism: Th DOF associated with any l op in a mechanism must be at least qual to one [19].","I Partially locked mechanism: The DOF associated with any loop in a mechanism must be at least equal to one [19].","Partially locked mechanism: The D F associated ith any loop in a echanis ust be at least equal to one [19]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1922047976,"citingcorpusid":217466501,"citedcorpusid":108856542,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Current Applied Physics 2009 Jan; 9 (1): 44-7.","International Journal of Sustainability 2013 Jun; 2 (1): 12-24.","Acta Chimica Slovaca 2009; 2 (1): 70-6."],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":121085288,"citingcorpusid":36946670,"citedcorpusid":45800578,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Erythrocyte survival also decreases by lead due to inhibition of membrane bound Na+-K+-ATPase [38]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2015765528,"citingcorpusid":80087783,"citedcorpusid":16251648,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These results have also been replicated in Nigerian, US and Iranian children (5,7,9).","In different ethnic groups, sensitivities and specificities of SBPHR/DBPHRwere ranged from 71% to 100% in identifying elevated BP (4,7,8).","Therefore, measurement of BP in routine health care visits during childhood at least once a year is recommended by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) task force of USA (3).","85 in children for defining prehypertension (7,8).","Two studies from the USA and China reported that the AUC values greater than 0.85 in children for defining prehypertension (7,8).","They concluded that these ratios can be used universally in many ethnic groups in the USA (7).","A large cohort of children derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the USA reported that cutoff of SBPHR and DBPHR in boys were ≥0.75 and ≥0.46, respectively; in girls were ≥0.75 and ≥0.48, respectively.","Also, there were no significant differences of BPHR in various ethnicities like Mexican Americans, Hispanics, non-Hispanic Whites, and nonHispanic Blacks (7)."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3453995359,"citingcorpusid":224935536,"citedcorpusid":197461370,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["5 The crankshaft and piston are binary links [6,18].","[18] classified VCR engines based on a patent survey to investigate the topological and structural characteristics, and suggested that there are still possibilities for the development of new VCR engine mechanisms.","3 The engine block is a ternary or higher link [6,18]: the piston is connected to the engine block by a prismatic joint; the crankshaft and control link are connected to the engine block by a respective revolute joint, hence a control via a floating-link connection is excluded.","3 The engine block is a ternary or higher link [6,18]: the piston is connected to the engine block by a prismatic joint; the crankshaft and control link are connecte to the engine block by a r spective revolute joint, hence a cont ol via a floating-link connection is excluded.","[18] classified VCR engines based on a patent survey to inves igate the topological and structural characteristics, and suggested that there are still possibilities for the development of new VCR engine mechanisms."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3803592040,"citingcorpusid":224935536,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["02Aa01 Ford—US7191756 [20] FEV—US5 95146 [21] 02Aa02 Daimler—US67 2717B2 [2 ] Nis an—US76 95 9B2 [23] Honda—US7905210B2 [24] Pattakon—US826705 B2 [25] Mayflower—US60 9845[26]","02Aa01 Ford US7191756 [20] FEV S5 95146 [21] 02Aa02 Daimler—US67 2717B2 [2 ] Nis an—US76 95 9B2 [23] Honda—US7905210B2 [24] Pattakon—US826705 B2 [25] Mayflower—US60 9845[26]","Labeled Graph Schematic Diagram Labeled Graph Schematic Diagram\n02Aa01\nFord US7191756 [20] FEV S5 95146 [21]\n02Aa02\nDaimler—US67 2717B2 [2 ] Nis an—US76 95 9B2 [23] Honda—US7905210B2 [24] Pattakon—US826705 B2 [25] Mayflower—US60 9845[26]\n02Aa03\n02Ab0\nCase I (Se Table 6)\n02Ac0\nCases I and II\nl. i. , , I f\n.","02Aa01 Ford—US719 756 [20] FEV—US5 9 146 [21] 02Aa02 Daimler—US67 2 1 B2 [2 ] Nis an—US76 95 9B2 [23] Honda—US7905210B2 [24] Pattakon—US826705 B2 [25] Mayflower—US60 9845[26]","02Aa01 Ford—US7191756 [20] FEV—US5595146 [21] 02Aa02 Daimler—US6772717B2 [22] Nissan—US7669559B2 [23] Honda—US7905210B2 [24] Pattakon—US8267055B2 [25] Mayflower—US6009845[26]","Labeled Graph Schematic Diagram Labeled Graph Schematic Diagram\n02Aa01\nFord—US7191756 [20] FEV—US5595146 [21]\n02Aa02\nD imler—US6772717B2 [22] Nissan—US7669559B2 [23] Honda—US7905210B2 [24] Pattakon S8267055B2 [25] Mayflower—US6009845[26]\n02Aa03\n02Ab00\nCase I (See Table 6)\n02Ac00\nCases I and II\n02Ac00\nCases I an\nAppl.","02Ac0 Case I and II Daimler—US6772717B2 [22] Nissan—US7669559B2 [23] Honda—US7905210B2 [24] Pattakon—US8267055B2 [25] Mayflower—US6009845 [26] Appl.","Label d Graph Schematic Diagram Label d Graph Schemat iagram\n02Aa01 Ford—US719 756 [20] FEV—US5 9 146 [21] 02Aa02\nDaimler—US67 2 1 B2 [2 ] Nis an—US76 95 9B2 [23] Honda—US7905210B2 [24] Pattakon—US826705 B2 [25] Mayflower—US60 9845[26]\n02Aa03 02Ab0\nCase I (Se Table 6)\n02Ac0\nCase I and II\nDaimler—US6772717B2 [22] Nissan—US7669559B2 [23] Honda—US7905210B2 [24] Pattakon—US8267055B2 [25] Mayflower—US6009845 [26]\nAppl.","Labeled Graph Schematic Diagram Labeled Graph Schematic Diagram\n02Aa01\nFord—US7191756 [20] FEV—US5595146 [21]\n02Aa02\nDaimler—US6772717B2 [22] Nissan—US7669559B2 [23] Honda—US7905210B2 [24] Pattakon—US8267055B2 [25] Mayflower—US6009845[26]\n02Aa03\n02Ab00\nCase I (See Table 6)\n02Ac00\nCases I and II\n02Aa03\nAp l. Sci. 2020, 10, x FOR PE R REVIEW 9 of 27\n4.","02Aa01 Ford—US7191756 [20] FEV—US5595146 [21] 02Aa02 D imler—US6772717B2 [22] Nissan—US7669559B2 [23] Honda—US7905210B2 [24] Pattakon S8267055B2 [25] Mayflower—US6009845[26]","Labeled Graph Schematic Diagram Labeled Graph Schematic Diagram\n02Aa01\nFord—US7191756 [20] FEV—US5 95146 [21]\n02Aa02\nDaimler—US67 2717B2 [2 ] Nis an—US76 95 9B2 [23] Honda—US7905210B2 [24] Pattakon—US826705 B2 [25] Mayflower—US60 9845[26]\n02Aa03\n02Ab0\nCase I (Se Table 6)\n02Ac0\nCases I and II\nFord—US7191756 [20] FEV—US5595146 [21]\nl. i. , , E I f\n.","Labeled Graph Schematic Diagram Labeled Graph Schematic Diagram\n02Aa01\nFord—US7191756 [20] FEV—US5595146 [21]\n02Aa02\nDaimler—US6772717B2 [22] Nissan—US7669559B2 [23] Honda—US7905210B2 [24] Pattakon—US8267055B2 [25] Mayflower—US6009845[26]\n02Aa03\n02Ab00\nCase I (See Table 6)\n02Ac00\nCases I and II\n02Aa01\nAp l. Sci. 2020, 10, x FOR PE R REVIEW 9 of 27\n4."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":924409698,"citingcorpusid":22481038,"citedcorpusid":111144749,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some of the prediction based methods in object tracking are Distributed Predictive tracking algorithm (DPT) [53], Dual prediction reporting (DPR) [50], Predictionbased Energy Saving scheme (PES) [51], Predictionbased energy-efficient target tracking protocol (PET) [8], Prediction-based tracking technique using sequential pattern (PTSP) [36], and Exponential distributed predictive tracking (EDPT) [52]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1804483031,"citingcorpusid":211553486,"citedcorpusid":131215724,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The trajectory alignment method adopted in this paper is the algorithm proposed by Umeyama[20], which calculates ge T by the least squares method on the entire trajectory ： The algorithm proposed by Umeyama in [24] has good robustness.","As a relatively novel method, the factor graph has the characteristics of smooth growth and global optimization [20], and is gradually used in the field of sensor fusion."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4029862078,"citingcorpusid":255429074,"citedcorpusid":118550020,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Note that exact analytical solutions of transport equations may be derived in the approximation of a constant CR diffusion coefficient for certain GCR distributions N0(p) [3, 5, 8, 12].","Let us use the following form of the energy distribution of galactic cosmic rays outside the heliosphere [5, 8, 12]:"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1190059058,"citingcorpusid":13497416,"citedcorpusid":35313961,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In line with this view, are the findings that multigravidae have more realistic expectations of labour pain, and feel efficacious in coping with labour pain (Lowe, 1992; McCrea et al., 2000)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":207627104,"citingcorpusid":25024468,"citedcorpusid":24527593,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A yielding surface, such as grass, has been found to distribute the load more evenly over the weight-bearing surface of the individual claw and between the lateral and medial claw of each limb (Webster, 2001).","At pasture, the cows will spend less time standing in slurry, reducing the softening effect that slurry has on the claw horn and the severity of claw horn lesions (Webster, 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":35314156,"citingcorpusid":4989913,"citedcorpusid":24527593,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Less severe hoof disorders and reduced wear have been reported in BP-housed cows compared with cows in freestalls (Phillips and Schofield, 1994; Livesey et al., 1998; Webster, 2001).","Neither system was the initial cause of claw horn lesions, but freestalls exacerbated claw horn lesion, white line hemorrhage, and sole hemorrhage severity (Livesey et al., 1998; Webster, 2001).","cows compared with cows in freestalls (Phillips and Schofield, 1994; Livesey et al., 1998; Webster, 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4116777125,"citingcorpusid":254769592,"citedcorpusid":14680343,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3613241938,"citingcorpusid":244263027,"citedcorpusid":107558030,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For example, the research presented by Ranjbar Pouya et al. (2014), Jamshidi Chenari and Mahigir (2014), and Rezaie Soufi et al.","For example, the research presented by Ranjbar Pouya et al. (2014), Jamshidi Chenari and Mahigir (2014), and Rezaie Soufi et al. (2020) shows the influence of the variability geotechnical parameters on the load factors of conventional load capacity equations. Ahmed and Soubra (2012) and AlBittar et al.","For example, the research presented by Ranjbar Pouya et al. (2014), Jamshidi Chenari and Mahigir (2014), and Rezaie Soufi et al. (2020) shows the influence of the variability geotechnical parameters on the load factors of conventional load capacity equations. Ahmed and Soubra (2012) and AlBittar et al. (2018) show how to optimize the Monte Carlo technique with variations with other methods using random fields and obtaining failure probabilities with good results for shallow foundations.","Some studies that have dealt with GRR are presented by Mazari et al. (2013), McLain et al. (2018), and Li et al. (2019).","For example, the research presented by Ranjbar Pouya et al. (2014), Jamshidi Chenari and Mahigir (2014), and Rezaie Soufi et al. (2020) shows the influence of the variability geotechnical parameters on the load factors of conventional load capacity equations."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1557934275,"citingcorpusid":2361261,"citedcorpusid":758192,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Ford used this heuristic to add error reporting to his packrat parsers [2].","After that, we present a heuristic proposed by Ford [2] to implement error reporting in PEGs.","For instance, the PEG (with cut) A ← B ↑ C/D is functionally equivalent to the PEG (without cut) A ← BC/!BD that is also functionally equivalent to the rule A ← B[C,D] on Generalized Top-Down Parsing Language (GTDPL), one of the parsing techniques that influenced the creation of PEGs [2,3,4].","Maven [2] is a build and deployment tool for Java, which eventually evolved into a full-fledged package manager.","On the one hand, PEGs are an expressive formalism for describing top-down parsers [4]; on the other hand, PEGs cannot use error handling techniques that are often applied to top-down parsers, because these techniques assume the parser reads the input without backtracking [2].","Ford [2] provided a heuristic to the problem of error handling in PEGs.","Ford [2] showed how he changed his implementation of PEGs to add his farthest position heuristic to have error reporting in packrat parsers.","PEGs implement top-down parsers and try to recognize the input from left to right, so the position farthest to the right in the input that a PEG reaches during parsing usually is close to the real error [2].","The negative predicate succeeds only on the fail label to allow the implementation of the positive predicate: the expression &p that implements the positive predicate in the original semantics of PEGs [2,3,4] is equivalent to the expression !!p.","According to Ford [2], although there is no perfect method to identify which information is the most relevant to report an error, using the information of the farthest position that the PEG reached in the input is a heuristic that provides good results."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1573408429,"citingcorpusid":197638544,"citedcorpusid":758192,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(2011); as discussed in Bonsangue et al. (2013), this construction involves a bialgebra which is a λ-bialgebra when the coalgebra is paired with the identity function.","Yet another example is given by the coalgebraic characterization of context-free grammars as in Winter et al. (2011); as discussed in Bonsangue et al. (2013), this construction involves a bialgebra which is a λ-bialgebra when the coalgebra is paired with the identity function."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":138472526,"citingcorpusid":35902687,"citedcorpusid":113714944,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["According to a comprehensive report by the World Internet Project Switzerland from December 2013 (Latzer et al., 2013), half of Swiss adults (49.5 percent) use one or another Social networking site.","According to a comprehensive report by the World Internet Project Switzerland from December 2013 (Latzer et al., 2013), half of Swiss adults (49."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1144535708,"citingcorpusid":35902687,"citedcorpusid":154336557,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["First, personal traits are likely to hamper the representativeness of Twitter data: “The average internet user is younger, more interested in politics, and comes from a higher socioeconomic background than the average citizen, which raises concerns about external validity” (Barberá, 2013).","In line with its roots in the social movements of the 20th centuries, the political left in Western Europe and the United States has a preference for participatory forms of decision making (Kriesi et al., 2012).","In sum, the introduction of social media as an important campaign tool in Switzerland slightly lagged compared to the United States, where commentators see the win of Barack Obama in 2008 as being the first ‘social media election’ (Wallsten, 2010).","2 Twitter, Politics and the Swiss case As “the Internet dramatically changed the communication landscape with the introduction of myriad new channels” (McCombs, 2005), many social scientists started out to explore how these new channels of political communication relate to traditional politics (Wallsten, 2010; Barberá, 2013).","As “the Internet dramatically changed the communication landscape with the introduction of myriad new channels” (McCombs, 2005), many social scientists started out to explore how these new channels of political communication relate to traditional politics (Wallsten, 2010; Barberá, 2013).","First, personal traits are likely to hamper the representativeness of Twitter data: “The average internet user is younger, more interested in politics, and comes from a higher socioeconomic background than the average citizen, which raises concerns about external validity” (Barberá, 2013).","…their results with traditional political science data, by applying sophisticated machine learning algorithms (Pennacchiotti and Popescu, 2011) or by estimating individual traits which potentially case selection bias such as gender and ethnicity from within the Twitter data (Barberá, 2013).","“One distinct characteristic of this online social network is the presence of not only ordinary citizens, but also public officials, political parties, and candidates” (Barberá, 2013), which can potentially be used to infer population attitudes and the nature of political campaigns.","“One distinct characteristic of this online social network is the presence of not only ordinary citizens, but also public officials, political parties, and candidates” (Barberá, 2013), which can potentially be used to infer population attitudes and the nature of political campaigns.","So far, they tried to enhance prediction by externally validating their results with traditional political science data, by applying sophisticated machine learning algorithms (Pennacchiotti and Popescu, 2011) or by estimating individual traits which potentially case selection bias such as gender and ethnicity from within the Twitter data (Barberá, 2013).","Gayo-Avello (2012), to begin with, highlights his concerns with disappointing evidence from several US Senate races, which shows that electoral predictions from Twitter data using similar methods\n4\nas the studies just mentioned are failing to perform better than chance (see also Barberá, 2013).","Similarly optimistic evaluations can be found in studies applying different methodological approaches to predict election results in the United Kingdom Lampos (2012), the Netherlands Sang and Bos (2012), Singapore Skoric et al. (2012), and the United States (Barberá, 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":104932596,"citingcorpusid":25984492,"citedcorpusid":796438,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Api6 was originally identified as a secreted protein from macrophages and belongs to the macrophage scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain superfamily.(21,22) Api6 has been implicated to play a very important role in regulating immune cells."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3659652112,"citingcorpusid":246440501,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Sweta (2014) did a study on sustainable competitive advantage through integration of HRM with business strategies.","Sweta (2014) conducted a study on sustainable competitive advantage through integration of HRM with business strategies where he found out that integration of HRM result in enhanced competence, congruence and cost effectiveness."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1649768763,"citingcorpusid":88520992,"citedcorpusid":26169955,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ue of F−1(π) irrespective of whether the cdf F is heavy- or light-tailed. These are serious issues when constructing sound measures of economic inequality and risk. In the risk literature (cf., e.g., McNeil et al., 2005; Meucci, 2007; Pflug &amp; Ro¨misch, 2007; Cruz, 2009; Sandstrom, 2010; Cannata &amp; Quagliariello, 2011; and references therein) the problem with quantiles has been overcome by using the tail-value-"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3325216697,"citingcorpusid":233749661,"citedcorpusid":26169955,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Non-ellipticity of distributions means also no justification for\nElectronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3652092\nlinear (Pearson’s) correlation (McNeil et al. 2005).","There are a number of dependence measures satisfying this requirement (see e.g. Joe 2015, McNeil et al. 2005, Nelsen 2006).","It is true that 0 UL  for tC  , if 1 , and 0 UL  for GaC if 1 (McNeil et al., 2005).","For radially symmetric copulas, i.e. when CC ˆ , in particular for GaC and tC  , , it is true that )1()( qq LU   (McNeil et al., 2005).","There are a number of methods for measuring strength of dependence in the tails of a bi-\nvariate distribution (McNeil et al. 2005, Joe 2015)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3296539314,"citingcorpusid":232358769,"citedcorpusid":26169955,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["See, for example, McNeil et al. (McNeil, Frey, and Embrechts 2005).","For more details about the GED, NIG and GHYP distributions, one may refer to Evans et al. (Evans, Hastings, and Peacock 2000), Giller (Giller 2005) and McNeil et al. (McNeil, Frey, and Embrechts 2005).","4 The ES for the daily logarithmic return R t þ 1 of the cryptocurrency’s position given I t with a confidence level α is: (2 : 3) See, for example, McNeil et al. (McNeil, Frey, and Embrechts 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3966632175,"citingcorpusid":253134627,"citedcorpusid":26169955,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(Demarta and McNeil 2005) The Student’s t-copula is given by the following:\nCtν,P(U, V) = ∫ t−1ν (u) −∞ ∫ t−1ν (v) −∞\nΓ( ν+22 ) Γ( ν2 ) √ (πν)2|P|\n( 1 +\nX′P−1X ν\n)− ν+22 dX, (3)\nwhere X = (X1, X2)′ is the two-dimensional random vector that has a (non-singular) multivariate t distribution with…"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1691461495,"citingcorpusid":56251223,"citedcorpusid":207101939,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Phenotypic variation exists at all levels of biological organization: among species, populations of the same species, genotypes within populations, individuals within genotypes, and within particular individuals (Westneat et al. 2014).","Regardless of the underling mechanisms, phenotypic and genetic variation can be important for populations to adapt and persist in variable environmental conditions (Chevin et al. 2010; Westneat et al. 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2963068139,"citingcorpusid":221014610,"citedcorpusid":4319165,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Illustration of (d) hind limb of Ichthyostega (modified from Coates & Clack, 1990).","Ichthyostega stensioei (Save-Soderbergh, 1932), more adapted to a terrestrial life, had seven digits on each hind limb (Coates & Clack, 1990; Ahlberg, 1996; Saxena et al., 2017; Figure 11d).","The first three digits (1–3) were positioned close together and composed of three, four, and two phalanges, respectively (Coates &\nClack, 1990).","Acanthostega gunnari had eight digits on each forelimb and hindlimb (Coates & Clack, 1990; Coates, 1996; Figure 11b,c)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":822578551,"citingcorpusid":10920276,"citedcorpusid":1363092,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["3 Evaluation of models In order to evaluate these six models(B to G) against the dicodon model, We used 17 microbial genomic sequences [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24] and C."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3085020429,"citingcorpusid":222408990,"citedcorpusid":140698880,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The earliest temnospondyl, Balanerpeton (Milner and Sequeira, 1993) from the Viséan (∼335 MA) of East Kirkton, Scotland, by contrast, is widely accepted in its identification and establishes the temnospondyl (sensu strictu, independent of the placement of colosteids) portion of this dichotomy.","East Kirkton also represents the only definitive Lower Carboniferous occurrences of crown tetrapods within recent phylogenetic analyses (Milner and Sequeira, 1993)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3220861283,"citingcorpusid":228101536,"citedcorpusid":12435152,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…proposed that the therapeutic effect of BVs in the clinical management of pain involves a suppression of nociceptive transmission at central level (Fu et al., 1988; Fu et al., 1990), probably occurring through stimulation of the synthesis and secretion of serotonin (Dakshinamurti et al., 1990)…","On the other hand, it is amply documented that the p.o. administration of BVs leads to a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect (Bartoszyk & Wild, 1989; Franca et al., 2001; Fu et al., 1988; Fu et al., 1990; Jurna et al., 1990; Leuschner, 1992; Reyes-Garcia et al., 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3133222703,"citingcorpusid":225378187,"citedcorpusid":55543957,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Ready and Young (2015) discovered that the officers assigned to wear BWC were less likely to perform stop-and-frisks and make arrests; however, the officers were more likely to give citations and initiate encounters with citizens.","Following up on this study, Ready and Young (2015) examined the behaviors of 100 line officers, who were assigned to wear BWC in the Mesa Police Department over a 10-month period."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2678185983,"citingcorpusid":121835242,"citedcorpusid":115376639,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Note that Theorems 4.2 and 4.3 are also true under the conditions F2 ∈ F2 ,F 1 ∈F 1 , and F3 ∈ F1, where F2, F 1 , and F1 are certain more general classes of operators defined with the use of the varying normal reproducing cone Kt [ 5 ].","Time-varying cones in comparison problems were proposed in [ 5 ].","It is easy to see that, in this case, condition (4.3) is a corollary of relations (4.6) and the assumptions concerning F1 and F3. Under condition (4.2), systems (S1) and (S3) are, respectively, the lower comparison system and the upper comparison system for (S2) (see, e.g., [ 5 , 8]).","In particular, system (1.1) is positive and monotone with respect to a solid cone Kt if t 5 ] are satisfied:"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3133223817,"citingcorpusid":225378187,"citedcorpusid":151371365,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Citizens have been overwhelmingly supportive of the use of BWC by police officers (Crow et al., 2017; Culhane et al., 2016; Demir, 2019; Sousa et al., 2018; White et al., 2018).","…perceptions of BWC has recently emerged, where a few trends in the limited literature document public perceptions of BWC. Citizens have been overwhelmingly supportive of the use of BWC by police officers (Crow et al., 2017; Culhane et al., 2016; Demir, 2019; Sousa et al., 2018; White et al., 2018).","For instance, Crow et al. (2017) found that residents’ perceived benefits include improved\npolice behavior, increased legitimacy, and evidentiary value."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3350076014,"citingcorpusid":235204660,"citedcorpusid":12402842,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["WSSV403 can interact with protein phosphatase (PPs) in shrimp, which suggests that WSSV403 uses its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity to regulate WSSV latent infection (76).","The RING proteins of WSSV, including WSSV199, WSSV222, WSSV249, and WSSV403, could serve as E3 ligases to coopt the ubiquitinproteasome pathway of shrimp for viral replication (74, 76, 104).","Similarly, the viral protein, WSSV403, is reported to exert its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity with shrimp ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 (76)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2365196165,"citingcorpusid":218699489,"citedcorpusid":58744962,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This assertion was due to the observed decrease in RBC deformability noted in most stressful events like labour, video film-induced emotional stress, and endogenous depression [24,25] but this effects was not found with exercise [3,8] and this resulted to the conclusion that the effect may be due to plasma factors rather than to intrinsic RBC properties [24].","Both maximal and submaximal exercise increase blood viscosity and was said to be due to a rise in plasma viscosity or hematocrit [8]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1446123456,"citingcorpusid":35155688,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["produce sterile immunity, ​the presence of any measurable ​antibody shows protection ​(10, 11, 20, 24).","While non-sterile immunity may not protect the animal from infection, it should keep the infection from progressing to severe clinical disease (3, 10, 25).","That’s simply not true; it is more a ‘motion picture that plays for years’” (10).","But, not all vaccines produce sterilizing immunity (3, 10, 13).","Lack of distinction between the 2 kinds of responses may be why practitioners think titers can suddenly disappear (10, 14, 16).","Serum antibody titers were measured for CDV and CPV using previously established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodology, and optical density (OD) readings were obtained with a spectrophotometer (e) (10).","Clearly, the accumulated evidence indicates that vaccination protocols should no longer be considered as a “one size fi all” program (10)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3139565293,"citingcorpusid":225632253,"citedcorpusid":120910337,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In [25,26], different PSRs were studied for DH microscopy of extremely sparse scenes."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2273305910,"citingcorpusid":27071568,"citedcorpusid":40239663,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Implications\nStudies have shown that efforts to facilitate behavior change in STI clinics through risk reduction counseling, such as promoting use of protection and monogamy, are often limited and ineffective (Anderson et al., 2013; Erbelding et al., 2004; Lin et al., 2008; Proude et al., 2004).","2 Public Health Implications Studies have shown that efforts to facilitate behavior change in STI clinics through risk reduction counseling, such as promoting use of protection and monogamy, are often limited and ineffective (Anderson et al., 2013; Erbelding et al., 2004; Lin et al., 2008; Proude et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1740167586,"citingcorpusid":150332765,"citedcorpusid":145258451,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Q method is a practicable research method notably for the measurement of perception related to a certain phenomenon, and is a synthesis of qualitative and quantitative methods (Brown, 1980; Coogan & Herrington, 2011; Van Exel & De Graaf, 2005)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1972987178,"citingcorpusid":5872540,"citedcorpusid":27919259,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Example of a good description of sequence generation for simple randomization: “Independent pharmacists dispensed either active or placebo inhalers according to a computer generated randomisation list” [ 9 ]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1631509566,"citingcorpusid":150332765,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There are a great many of definitions in the literature related to blended learning (Driscoll, 2002; Garrison & Kanuka, 2004; Jonas & Burns, 2010; Osguthorpe & Graham, 2003; Williams et al., 2008; Yen & Lee, 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1631509960,"citingcorpusid":150332765,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…variables such as motivation (Aygün, 2011; Cabi, 2009), attitude (Çiftçi & Dönmez 2015), anxiety reduction (Horzum & Çakır Balta, 2008), permanence (Aksoğan, 2011), self-regulatory learning skills (Ateş Çobanoğlu, 2013; Güler, 2013), professional know-how (Kaya 2014; Sungur, 2014), critical…","It was also concluded that blended learning research conducted in Turkey were mainly postgraduate dissertations examining the effects of the blended learning on certain variables such as motivation (Aygün, 2011; Cabi, 2009), attitude (Çiftçi & Dönmez 2015), anxiety reduction (Horzum & Çakır Balta, 2008), permanence (Aksoğan, 2011), self-regulatory learning skills (Ateş Çobanoğlu, 2013; Güler, 2013), professional know-how (Kaya 2014; Sungur, 2014), critical thinking and creative skills (Umar, 2014) and self-efficacy (Demirer, 2009) and the majority of those revealed positive variations on the aforementioned variables."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":245070997,"citingcorpusid":6159778,"citedcorpusid":27919259,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Study Outcome Measures A $50% reduction in the number of cig/day since baseline, defined as self-reported reduction in the number of cig/day compared to baseline [21], was calculated at each study visit (‘‘reducers’’).","The results of this study demonstrate that e-cigarettes hold promise in serving as a means for reducing the number of cigarettes smoked, and can lead to enduring tobacco abstinence as has also been shown with the use of FDA-approved smokingcessation medications [4,21]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":2052438169,"citingcorpusid":23204095,"citedcorpusid":71821267,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["%) had been readmitted to psychiatric hospital; these individuals had more severe symptoms (as measured by the HoNOS-MH; Wing et al., 1995) compared with those in supported accommodation [F(2,142) = 5.32, p< 0.002]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":149387927,"citingcorpusid":9841555,"citedcorpusid":11759366,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In order to validate the proposed algorithm (PA), the results have been tested on database 1, 2 and 4 of the Fingerprint Verification Competition (FVC2004) used [17]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1936371486,"citingcorpusid":218478882,"citedcorpusid":39082019,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[83], discussing also ground state enabling universal quantum computation."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":934687083,"citingcorpusid":13278688,"citedcorpusid":38926251,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although a role of AMPK signaling has been indicated in aging, obesity and insulin insensitivity [17–19], how defective AMPK signaling may contribute to cardiac dysfunction, insulin resistance and obesity is still unclear."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2307625238,"citingcorpusid":133337092,"citedcorpusid":43216364,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Carbamazepine Anticonvulsant Nakada et al. (2008), Kuroda et al."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2245793193,"citingcorpusid":26099529,"citedcorpusid":15140673,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["New insights into the existence and function of the ALL have redirected and refocused attention on the secondary restraints of rotational stability of the knee.(1,3,7,9,10) Segond(27) was the first author to describe in 1879 the ALL as a “pearly, resistant, fibrous band which invariably showed extreme amounts of tension during forced internal rotation of the knee.","The biomechanical role of the ALL in controlling knee internal rotation has been well established.(1,2,9,10) This has renewed and redirected attention toward an extra-articular reconstruction of the ALL in conjunction with the standard intra-articular ACL reconstruction so as to prevent persistence of the pivot shift."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3906652517,"citingcorpusid":252016930,"citedcorpusid":160880854,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["19 Barnes 1993: 91, Portmann 1999: 306–7, Barceló 2004: 90, and Wienand 2015: 446.","…(RIC VIII Nicomedia 26–28), Constantinople (RIC VIII Constantinople 55), and Cyzicus (CNG Auction Triton 8, lot 1259a, unknown to RIC and all other reference works, first noted by Wienand 2015: 431n31) are evidence that Constantius made an overland journey to Constantinople from Antioch in 346.","86 The Baltimore medallion does not appear in RIC VIII and was unknown to Bastien 1988, Beyeler 2011, and Wienand 2015.","71 It has often been thought that only one example survives, now housed in the Staatsliches Münzkabinett in Berlin (ID 18200511) (e.g., Wienand 2015: 440), but a medallion of the same size and design, but from a different die, is housed in the Wriston Art Galleries at Lawrence University, Wisconsin…","…Constantius presided over at least two major acts of largitio, one in January for the consulate and the another a few months later for the tenth anniversary of his father’s death and of his and Constans’s\n74 See Wienand 2015: 442 for the connection of the Aquileia medallion to the Antioch issue.","73 As concludes Wienand 2015: 442.","96 Bastien 1988: 86n18 and Wienand 2015: 432n33.\nclearly predicated their legitimacy on the transition of Constantine’s rule to his sons.97\nAs noted in the introduction, the available evidence does not allow us to conclude definitively why Constans did not accept his brother’s proposal.","A 2-solidi piece of the same reverse design was also minted (unknown to RIC VIII), NAC Auction 31, October 26, 2005, lot 157 (Wienand 2015: 443–44, with image).","60 Wienand 2015 offers a marvelous survey of Constantius’s festive issues in the 340s and their importance generally in illustrating the religious, military, and dynastic aspects of his reign, but he is incorrect in a number of details of dating and context for individual issues and is unaware of…","The 2-solidi: NAC Auction 31, October 26, 2005, lot 157 and Wienand 2015: 444n65.\nits mint mark (A-N) into either side of the largitio items.62 The reverse bears the legend DD NN CONSTANTIUS ET CONSTANS AUGG.","Ecclesiastical reasons for the disruption to the fasti in 346 have been accepted by Hunt 1998: 9, Maraval 2013: 51, Wienand 2015: 446, Omissi 2018: 158, and Humphries 2020: 159n8.","There are two extant examples of this coin, struck from different dies, indicating that the initial issue was not small.71\n67 Wienand 2015: 433.","64 Wienand 2015: 440–41."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3912742625,"citingcorpusid":118409876,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["At even stronger interaction strength, exchange is suppressed and the atoms act as though they were noninteracting and spinless in analogy to the case studied for bosons with an infinite contact repulsion [30].","In this case the atoms behave like a fully polarized (or noninteracting spinless) fermions as in the Tonks-Girardeau gas [30]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2545067135,"citingcorpusid":87499752,"citedcorpusid":24284275,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In another manipulative experiment, indirect benefits were also found to be rather weak and did not counterbalance the direct costs imposed by sexual conflict associated with male-induced harm (Stewart et al. 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1458260740,"citingcorpusid":156088263,"citedcorpusid":153806924,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Comparing to related works such as Grossman (1976, 1978, 1981), Grossman and Stiglitz (1980), Hellwig (1980), Bray (1981), Paul (1993), and Baigent (2003), we analyze a more general model of a competitive stock market equilibrium in which each trader could observe various pieces of information about the true value of risky assets.","A major limitation of this result is that when traders take prices as given, they have no economic incentive to acquire any information, even when the market is free of noise (Diamond and Verrecchia, 1981)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1716148672,"citingcorpusid":197406852,"citedcorpusid":9826060,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["D ow\nnl oa\nde d\nby F\nL IN\nD E\nR S\nU N\nIV E\nR SI\nT Y\nO F\nSO U\nT H\nA U\nST R\nA L\nIA A\nt 0 1:\n48 3\n1 Ja\nnu ar\nInterference problem in denture arrangement is studied with virtual teeth model (Hiew et al., 2006).","Interference problem in denture arrangement is studied with virtual teeth model (Hiew et al., 2006)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1716148682,"citingcorpusid":197406852,"citedcorpusid":9733439,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Jaw movement training robot is built for intermaxillary traction therapy (Inoue et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1699970909,"citingcorpusid":41476134,"citedcorpusid":143849923,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["and the Pacific Rim [Kim, Lee, and Park, 2010], and free-range eggs accounted for 27 percent of UK egg production [Low and Davenport, 2007]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3301153762,"citingcorpusid":232485185,"citedcorpusid":4629766,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["py procedure, bond and angle parameters for the zinc ion were generated using the Empirical method (Yu et al. 2018)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3789155644,"citingcorpusid":90823636,"citedcorpusid":17399620,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Data reported on the influence of carbamate pesticides on blood enzyme AChE activity are mainly in spontaneous intoxications [4, 6, 10, 17, 18, 22, 29].","These data confirmed that the toxic effect of carbamate insecticides was the strongest in the first hours after ingestion of the poison, as observed in dogs [3, 18, 25, 27, 29], wild animals [8, 9, 17].","It is widely used by reason of its high bioactivity against harmful insects, which entails its presence in waters, air, soils and explains the numerous intoxications in domestic [11, 13, 16-18] and wild [9, 12, 19-22] animals."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3864743806,"citingcorpusid":245431397,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Elevated levels of lead or even low levels in human body reduce plasma copper concentration, which may lead to irreversible damage of the brain [21]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4011045292,"citingcorpusid":232485185,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Interactions between zinc and amino acids (cysteine, histidine, tyrosine, and carboxylic acids) can be unusually strong and can involve complex charge transfer and polarization, which are not accounted for in classical Amber or CHARMM force field parameters (Gresh 1995; Lin and Lim 2004; Calimet and Simonson 2006; Li et al. 2008; Trzaskowski et al. 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3098841396,"citingcorpusid":122883366,"citedcorpusid":120643349,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3865773235,"citingcorpusid":251392710,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["**search attempts to identify or verify such dimensions or patterns have been carried out on occupants of a number of different social roles, including leaders (Halpin and Winer, 1952; Salvino 1960), teachers (Medley and Mitzel, 1959; Solomon, Sezdek and Rosenberg, 1964), gse!iiembers (Mann, 1961; Sorgatta, Cottrell and Mann, 1958), children (Richards and Simons, 1941; Longabaugh, 1966) and parents, (Schaefer and Bayley, 1960; Crandall and Preston, 1955)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3681959596,"citingcorpusid":247147709,"citedcorpusid":39576611,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The main consideration in expectant management of mesh exposure is the potential risk of secondary infection and subsequent development of sacral osteomyelitis, pelvic abscesses or sinus tract formations [77, 78]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":919940586,"citingcorpusid":14551790,"citedcorpusid":40626802,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Sphk can be stimulated by a wide variety of growth factors, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) [51, 52], hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) [53], PDGF [54], vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [55], basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) [56] and other factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) [57, 58], steroid hormone (estradiol) [59], acetylcholine [60], lysophosphatidic acid [61], thrombin [62, 63], antigen [64], NO [65], and S1P itself [66] (Fig."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":880006176,"citingcorpusid":6578025,"citedcorpusid":40626802,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["S1P released from astrocytes in response to exogenous stimuli (3, 6) could act on S1P receptors on OLs or astrocytes.","Engagement of astroglial S1P receptors leads to proliferation and neurotrophic factor production (6, 63)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3710805871,"citingcorpusid":129269599,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Gas entrapments are assumed to dissolve only slowly and/or only partially, when the hydrostatic pressure and the oxygen consumption in the system are small (e.g., Holocher et al. 2002; Oswald et al., 2008), which both apply to the present system."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3984581790,"citingcorpusid":253730609,"citedcorpusid":17823166,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…but of specific facets, including its relationship with subjective well-being (Yu et al., 2018), self-concepts (Oyserman et al., 2002), conformity (Bond & Smith, 1996), social media use (Cheng et al., 2021), ethnicity (Vargas & Kemmelmeier, 2012), socioeconomic development (Santos et al., 2017),…","Various possibilities have been proposed in that respect, including the intersubjective self (De Quincey, 2000), the transpersonal self (Vaughan, 1985), the dialogical self (Hermans, 2001), the permeable self (Larsen, 1990), interbeing (Nhat Hanh, 2000), and “I-Thou” relationships (Buber, 1958). Each has its differences, but all move us away from what is arguably a false dichotomy in the IvC distinction and may come closer to articulating the nuances of how many people view the relationship between self and other. Overall then, our findings suggest the common tendency to map IvC onto WvE is not only an overly broad generalization that overlooks nuances in these arenas but may actually be misleading. This applies to whichever of the two interpretations above is correct. If our items do map on to IvC as envisaged, then individualism—at least in terms of self-care—is higher in Eastern than Western countries, so the IvC-WvE pairing is unstable. But if they do not map onto IvC as we envisaged, arguably the IvC binary is itself potentially unstable, as it then includes what appear to be self-contradictions—or at least counter-intuitive patterns—such as individualism meaning greater focus on other people and collectivism involving a greater focus on oneself. Moreover, not only might the IvC dichotomy be unstable, but likewise WvE. As Said (1979) argued in Orientalism, WvE are cultural constructions that homogenize and obscure the heterogeneity and complexity of both arenas."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":280118897,"citingcorpusid":23347744,"citedcorpusid":31370699,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There are some studies on assessment the reliability of intelligent manufacturing equipment, such as fault trees, neural networks, Bayesian systems, gray system theory[5,6],the International Organization for Standardization has also released the IEC61508 on functions safety, but none of these assessment methods and criteria is established on intelligent manufacturing equipment characteristics[7,8]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":62183138,"citingcorpusid":9104986,"citedcorpusid":7108985,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Even so, we still .nd we need to restrict the precision \nof the effect information associated with stored functions to ensure the existence of our recursive relation."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2739918763,"citingcorpusid":11321679,"citedcorpusid":38851401,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However, regardless of any monitoring strategy, it is essential to maintain a high degree of clinical suspicion in patients on clozapine who develop cardiac symptoms (35).","(35) have reported on 28 cases of myocarditis (including 18 deaths) involving 15 men and 13 women aged 25–66 years (median: 36 years).","(35) have reported on 41 cases of cardiomyopathy (including 10 deaths) involving 32 men and 9 women on clozapine aged 20–59 years (median: 34 years).","No cases of myocarditis have been reported in a cohort of 67 072 patients in the United States who were previously or currently treated with clozapine\n(23).","Whilst cardiac side-effects seem to be a rare finding in the United Kingdom (28), Germany and Switzerland (22), and the United States (23, 35), these side-effects seem to be somewhat more common in Australia (20).","(35) have summarized the cases of myocarditis and cardiomyopathy reported to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in patients treated with clozapine.","Considering that 189 405 individuals were exposed to clozapine in the United States during this time, the incidence of myocarditis and cardiomyopathy must be taken to be 0Æ036%."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2739918624,"citingcorpusid":11321679,"citedcorpusid":75522351,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although these unusually high rates have been questioned (47), they have meanwhile resulted in changes to the product information, statements in the precautions section and revision of the adverse reactions section of the product information (48)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2008698018,"citingcorpusid":212895646,"citedcorpusid":43119258,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The desire to partake in elections is known to be an important motive for naturalization (Kahanec and Tosun 2009; Street 2017); thus, an opportunity for immigrants to vote without being citizens in their country of residence may weaken their incentives to naturalize (Lenard 2015, 129)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2695530355,"citingcorpusid":23075552,"citedcorpusid":14028718,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This completed structure was then simulated using molecular dynamics in Gromacs 3.3 (Lindahl et al., 2001).","This completed structure was then simulated using molecular dynamics in Gromacs 3.3 ( Lindahl et al., 2001 )."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3287828308,"citingcorpusid":125569295,"citedcorpusid":2429066,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Fièvre Hépatomégalie/splénomégalie Pancytopénie Hypergammaglobulinémie\n(g/l)\nWalis et clark [12] 40° + + 27 FernandezGuerrero et al [14] + + + 6.46 FernandezGuerrero et al [14] NR NR NR NR Altozano et al [15] + + + 74 Braun et al [16] + - + NR Capell et al [17] 40° splénomégalie + 40 López-Soto et López [18] + splénomégalie + 40 Granel et al [19] 40° Splénomégalie + 24 Ravelli et al [11] + - + 0.8 Castellino et al[20] 39° slénomégalie + NR Ossandon et al [13] + + + 31 Perez Silvestere et al [21] 40° + + 44.2 Garg et al [22] + + + Inversion du rapport\nalbumine/globuline:\n2.0/5.6\nCelant et al [23] 38°-\n40°\nsplénomégalie + 30.4\nMoore et Brown [24]\n+ - - NR\nBen Brahim et al [25]\n40° - + 42.9\nSultan et Ifran [26] + + + NR Malezieux-Picard et al [27] 38 + + 17 Santos Silva et al [9] 37.5 + + + Notre observation 39°- + + 17.23\n(+) : signe présent ; (-) : signe absent ; NR: non rapporté\nLe diagnostic de la leishmaniose viscérale au cours du lupus systémique repose sur l’isolement du germe.","Sultan et Ifran [26] + + + NR Malezieux-Picard et al [27] 38 + + 17"],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":4004205701,"citingcorpusid":254551750,"citedcorpusid":177956876,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…[…] why a neutral position in the struggle is impossible because every position already is situated within the struggle, so that there is no indifferent analysis of man that could even ask its central question without accepting from the outset a definite conception of man” (Plessner 1931: 220f).","We are not obliged to take him so, but we can and should take him as an equal among equals and as being able to develop his potential (Plessner 1931: 148).","…of ‘man’ indifferent to religious and racial differences and that this realization is world-constituting,” and therefore a decision to stick to a “culture of knowledge […] anchored in a religious manner in feeling the equality before God of all beings that have a human face” (Plessner 1931: 148).","Eccentricity is a “vital category”, indicating a “frame” (1928: 64) (in the sense of, e.g., Butler\n3 Plessner inherits this specific logical situation from Pyrrhonian skepticism, calling it “Unentscheidbarkeit” (“undecidability”: Plessner 1931).","“Commitments characteristically either rely on prior commitments or revolt against them; thus, they are in a relevant sense historical” (Plessner 1931: 192).","The frame can be the frame of eccentricity as well as a different one: “We need not understand [man] in that way [as an eccentric being], but we can do it” (Plessner 1931: 148)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":366056193,"citingcorpusid":43708302,"citedcorpusid":38890145,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is clear that for Eliade the literary construction of the narrativedstory-writing, in generaldtakes precedence over the more specific form, the ‘historical’ revelation of ‘reality’ in historiography, which is a very particular genre of story-writing (see Rennie, 2003)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4004205907,"citingcorpusid":254551750,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The human is tied only to the centralized form of organization, which forms the basis of his excentricity” (Plessner 1928: 293; see 291).","An individual characterized positionally by this threefold structure is called a person” (Plessner 1928: 293).","(Plessner 1928: 116)\nThe outstanding characteristic of Plessner’s philosophy is to involve—in a certain sense: to be—a philosophy of nature.","Plessner insists that “everything human remains originally linked together, even if the vital base is broken down into individual beings” (Plessner 1928: 304).","Precisely by turning away from consciousness in this way, this reality fulfills the law of the excentric sphere as described above (Plessner 1928: 303f).","Rather, it starts from the “we-form of his own I” (Plessner 1928: 303).","…the world, in himself and against himself—neither of the opposing determinations dominates the other; the gap, the emptiness between here and there, the crossing-over remains, even if the human knows this and by virtue of precisely this knowledge inhabits the sphere of spirit” (Plessner 1928: 305).","As a member of the shared world, every human stands where the other stands” (Plessner 1928: 304).","…not only logically possible, if it is to really take place, this special relationship a body has to its boundary contours has to be expressed and make itself felt in the real thing in a way that does not run counter to it as a physical thing and is consistent with its ‘means’” (Plessner 1928: 128).","Plessner and Scheler choose almost the same wording, and Plessner seems to be entirely in accordance with Scheler by stating the shared world [Mitwelt] to be “truly indifferent to singular and plural” (Plessner 1928: 305).","A progression beyond this is impossible, for the living thing has now actually moved behind itself” (Plessner 1928: 291)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":901252633,"citingcorpusid":12469446,"citedcorpusid":34946709,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thus, the functional properties of aortic tissue of the European ground squirrel obtained at the torpor phase of hibernation resembles those of distinct arteries obtained in the other species studied, including woodchucks [20], thirteen-lined ground squirrel [19] and hamster [18]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2312717894,"citingcorpusid":206191608,"citedcorpusid":22957212,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Oakey et al. (2003)"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2597599857,"citingcorpusid":39961137,"citedcorpusid":22957212,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["harveyi, which include PCR analysis of genes encoding a haemolysin (vhh), a transcriptional regulator (toxR), the DNA gyrase B subunit (gyrB), and the conserved regions of the 16S rDNA (Conejero and Hedreyda 2003, 2004; Oakey et al. 2003; Pang et al. 2006; Thaithongnum et al. 2006).","…of V. harveyi, which include PCR analysis of genes encoding a haemolysin (vhh), a transcriptional regulator (toxR), the DNA gyrase B subunit (gyrB), and the conserved regions of the 16S rDNA (Conejero and Hedreyda 2003, 2004; Oakey et al. 2003; Pang et al. 2006; Thaithongnum et al. 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3363175509,"citingcorpusid":235419206,"citedcorpusid":3826005,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The fragile nature of the brain tissue, which is soft (its elastic modulus ranges from 1 to 14 kPa) and anisotropic (its ECM consists of collagen type IV, HA, fibronectin, laminin, and proteoglycans), in conjunction with its confined space are specific design criteria for biomaterials intended for brain tissue repair (Tuladhar et al., 2018)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3342212923,"citingcorpusid":234626553,"citedcorpusid":189765795,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Butman M.F., Kudin, L.S., Grishin А.Е., Sergeev D.N., Kryuchkov A.S. Thermionic emission data on the electronic work function of LnBr3 (Ln = La, Ce, Er, Ho, Lu) crys-\ntals.","Comparison of our results with data from [28] reveals closeness of electron work function values of lanthanide tribromides and triiodides.","The filled triangles are the φe values for LnBr3 from [28].","Заполненные треугольники соответствуют величинам φe для LnBr3 из [28].","Butman M.F., Kudin, L.S., Grishin А.Е., Sergeev D.N., Kryuchkov A.S. Thermionic emission data on the electronic work function of LnBr3 (Ln = La, Ce, Er, Ho, Lu) crystals.","N 11 15 thors [25-27] and successfully tested on crystals of alkali halides [26, 27] and lanthanide tribromides [28]."],"intents":[null,["result"],["background"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3211107197,"citingcorpusid":229383989,"citedcorpusid":11467429,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, to achieve the mentioned physiological functions, it is necessary to have a longer-term stable blood and tissue concentrations of vitamin D [4].","In addition, medications that increase the catabolism of vitamin D, such as anti-epileptic and anti-retroviral agents reduce the bioavailable vitamin D concentration [4].","The combination of these physiological actions maintains stable serum ionized calcium and overall homeostasis [4, 6]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":203425965,"citingcorpusid":4566594,"citedcorpusid":36609930,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To overcome the problem, a method to structure the visual content of digital libraries using Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is proposed in [1]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2297436523,"citingcorpusid":54910532,"citedcorpusid":118565723,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The following discussion sums up the principles of the method of Stone & Gardiner (2010), and shows that it amounts to an azimuthal shift of the components of the magnetic field, similar to those of the hydrodynamics variables (see section 3.5.1), when there is no shear.","Other implementations of the orbital advection of the magnetic field were with centered methods (Stone & Gardiner 2010; Mignone et al. 2012).","Subsequently, a method that generalizes the CT method and therefore automatically ensures the preservation of the divergence free property of the magnetic field was devised by Stone & Gardiner (2010).","…in part thanks to the steadily increasing power of computational resources, and in part by the development of fast algorithms adapted to the specifics of gas motion in thin, nearly Keplerian disks, known as orbital advection algorithms (Masset 2000; Johnson et al. 2008; Stone & Gardiner 2010).","The orbital advection has been extended to MHD in the present implementation, using the upstream averaged electric field method of Stone & Gardiner (2010)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":903138174,"citingcorpusid":34349359,"citedcorpusid":129206277,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Both effective and critical thicknesses of volcanic tephra deposits are distinctly smaller when compared with those of moraine debris, because of their distinctly lower thermal conductivity (Clauser and Huenges, 1995; Brock and others, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3244257298,"citingcorpusid":231812029,"citedcorpusid":109580743,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The ELM is a mechanism containing a single hidden layer and a neural feed-forward network called SLFN, which is useful for solving classification and regression problems (Pal and Deswal 2014).","This technique was further elaborated by Pal and Deswal (2014) and Huan et al. (2011) as follows.","A continuous probability distribution (Pal and Deswal 2014) gives randomly generated input weights."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1717911481,"citingcorpusid":22242669,"citedcorpusid":13508070,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["IGF-I may be particularly important in renal growth (Miller et al. 1990), wound healing (Taylor and Alexander 1993), and ischemic renal injury (Miller et al. 1994)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4062485749,"citingcorpusid":52211890,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["METATOYs [1] can be described as windows that “refract” (change the direction of) transmitted light rays.","Testing whether or not METATOYs can offer anything new in this important area is an obvious task, one for which it is crucial to understand how much light undergoes what direction change.","Introduction METATOYs [1] can be described as windows that “refract” (change the direction of) transmitted light rays.","The wave-front discontinuities introduced by METATOYs result in only part of the light being redirected as advertised; the remainder undergoes a different direction change.","It can be shown that most of these light-ray-direction changes can lead to light-ray fields that cannot be represented wave-optically [1,8].","Key words: confocal lenslet arrays, METATOYs, field of view, geometrical optics, optical materials PACS: 42.15.","Nevertheless, it compromises the performance of METATOYs as components in visual optical instruments and in instruments for light-shaping applications.","This imperfection can be remedied by more careful optical design, for example insertion of arrays of field lenses into the common focal plane of confocal lenslet arrays (CLAs) [10], which are examples of METATOYs [6].","METATOYs can change the direction of light in ways that appear to, but do not actually, contravene the laws of wave optics.","This will facilitate assessment of the suitability of METATOYs for applications such as solar concentration."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1640362841,"citingcorpusid":129954304,"citedcorpusid":93722754,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The change in Gibbs free energy for crystallization of 1 mole of quartz from solution at temperature T is given by (Rimstidt & Barnes 1980; Dove & Han 2007)\nDG ¼ RT ln Q KspðT Þ ¼ RT lnðSÞ; ð9Þ\nwhere R is the gas constant, Ksp(T) is the temperaturedependent solubility product, and Q is the activity…"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4077656231,"citingcorpusid":13190290,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This development is aligned with the Dynamic Mobile Application initiative from the US Department of Transportation [20], which can be adapted to cars to alert drivers when approaching work-zones or construction sites [21]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1783662374,"citingcorpusid":210869053,"citedcorpusid":53289619,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The dynamics of microtubules can be regulated by various microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), and vice versa, tubulin may modulate the activity of its binding partners [6]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1910716337,"citingcorpusid":103585126,"citedcorpusid":95891304,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[19]\nIn this work, we tried to highlight the usability and extractive agent performance of the asymmetric imidazolium-based (ARTILs) for the selective extraction of Cr(VI) depending on alkyl chain length from an acidic solution by liquid–liquid based SX (LLSX) processes.","Easier and cheaper synthesizing one-pot reaction route has been utilized to make traditional LLSX process more feasible and environmentally friendlier.","Stirring speed in LLSX process affects the interfacial behavior of distribution of extracted species between aqueous and the organic phases, emulsion liquid membrane (ELM),([44,45]) LLSX([3]).","Their discharge concentrations should be reduced to acceptable level limits that it is permitted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and EPA by different chemical or physical methods.([3,4]) Chromium has two oxidation states as Cr(III) and Cr(VI).","Stirring speed in LLSX process affects the interfacial behavior of distribution of extracted species between aqueous and the organic phases, emulsion liquid membrane (ELM),[44,45] LLSX[3]."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3659477257,"citingcorpusid":246428812,"citedcorpusid":1359704,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Studies of the harmful effects of USG in subsequent years confirmed that it damages nerve conduction and other organs (Angles et al. 1991; Lynn and Putnam 1944; Lynn et al. 1942)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3531648128,"citingcorpusid":238634913,"citedcorpusid":22410420,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Accurate and prompt detection and typing of HAdV are highly in demand to guide antiviral treatment and reduce the disease severity [3, 16].","Patients may be misdiagnosed and inadequately treated without reliable and practical methods for HAdV typing [16]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1865696724,"citingcorpusid":207589526,"citedcorpusid":29576344,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Invasive indices based on the pressure–volume relationship are the most reliable reference standards to evaluate global LV systolic chamber function in the intact heart.(12) Therefore, the pressure–volume loop method has been used to validate most Doppler echocardiographic indices of systolic function in animal experiments."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1848113559,"citingcorpusid":214638525,"citedcorpusid":54003850,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…2006; Eppelbaum et al., 2008; Paine et al., 2012); micro-tremors 45 (Maresca and Berrino, 2016); electrical resistivity tomography (Ahmed and Carpenter, 2003; Gutiérrez et 46\nal., 2019); seismic reflections (Wadas et al., 2017); and electromagnetic surveys including GPR (Ronen et 47 al., 2019).",", 2019); seismic reflections (Wadas et al., 2017); and electromagnetic surveys including GPR (Ronen et 47 al."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":1798990280,"citingcorpusid":54465335,"citedcorpusid":9409241,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["One of the most important brain regions involved in the higher order dimension of constrain is the right lateral inferior frontal gyrus.([30-33]) Low level of constrain (i.","Multiple neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies suggest the role of prefrontal cortex–basal ganglia network in the (dis) inhibition and impulsivity domain.([31-33]) One of the most important brain regions involved in the higher order dimension of constrain is the right lateral inferior frontal gyrus."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1798990304,"citingcorpusid":54465335,"citedcorpusid":28057023,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A great number of studies done till date suggest that the prevalence of PD is higher among patients with SUDs as compared to the general population [Table 1].([11-18]) This is especially true for antisocial, borderline, avoidant, and paranoid PD."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1798990310,"citingcorpusid":54465335,"citedcorpusid":13958119,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Even the non-affected biological siblings of patients with SUDs also show similar deficits in response inhibition on neuropsychological testing, along with similar abnormalities in prefrontal-striatal circuitry (including reduced right lateral inferior frontal gyrus fiber tracts integrity).([34,35]) Impaired control of negative emotions correlates with the reduction in gray matter in the inferior frontal gyrus."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3277269689,"citingcorpusid":216194813,"citedcorpusid":108791785,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A customer or satisfied customer is a customer who receives value from a supplier or service provider [2].","Previous literature provides support that service officer behavior is related to personality and influences service performance [2,6,10] and organization performance [4,8,12].","Service is a producer in order to meet the needs and desires of consumers for the achievement of consumer satisfaction itself [2].","This value can be created from company marketing attributes such as products, services, systems, or goals that are emotional and can be a stimulus to encourage consumers in purchasing [2]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":27146942,"citingcorpusid":13975091,"citedcorpusid":29576344,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…assessment of LV systolic and diastolic function and yields a number of parameters describing cardiac function\nincluding end-systolic and -diastolic PV relationships (Suga et al. 1973; Sagawa et al. 1977), LV stiffness (Weiss et al. 1976), and ventricular–arterial coupling (Burkhoff et al. 2005).","Establishing pressure–volume (PV) relationships represents the gold standard for global assessment of LV systolic and diastolic function and yields a number of parameters describing cardiac function including end-systolic and -diastolic PV relationships (Suga et al. 1973; Sagawa et al. 1977), LV stiffness (Weiss et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2925339343,"citingcorpusid":22872268,"citedcorpusid":29576344,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The preload-recruitable SW relationship coordinates for each pressure–volume loop were plotted before and after the procedure and the data fit to the following equation: SW Mw (V0 Vedv) where V0 x-intercept, Vedv left ventricular end-diastolic volume for each pressure–volume loop, and MW slope of linear regression of discrete pressure-volume measurements [7–9]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":215620052,"citingcorpusid":39933670,"citedcorpusid":167953724,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In support of this argument, Sheth and Sharma (2005) and Shengdong and Xue (2011) stated that the successful implementation of CRM is dependent on\ncountry context."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2421923111,"citingcorpusid":9211005,"citedcorpusid":43510981,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Key words: community psychiatry, elderly graduates, elderly mentally ill, health service research, needs assessment\nINTRODUCTION\nThe need of the elderly mentally ill for services is a neglected area of research (Campbell, 1997; Abdul-Hamid et al., 1998).","This study of the elderly mentally ill who were living in the community paints a different picture to previous studies of mental hospitals’ samples (Campbell, 1997; Soni & Mallik, 1993).","The most prevalent psychiatric diagnosis of the elderly mentally ill was manic depressive disorder rather than schizophrenia, as was the case with the asylum mentally ill (Campbell, 1997; Soni & Mallik, 1993).","As the mental health services provision for the elderly is shifting from inpatient treatment to the community (Gatz & Smyer, 1992; Campbell, 1997), the assessment of their needs for services is becoming important (Jolly et al., 2004).","The date of the fi rst contact of the elderly sample with services confi rmed that they were truly elderly graduates according to the defi nition stated in the introduction (Campbell, 1997)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":67687418,"citingcorpusid":41842756,"citedcorpusid":84880596,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Attempts have been made in order to reduce diffusional limitations in  ̄ocs through the use of polymeric additives [6, 15, 16]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3373955746,"citingcorpusid":235680198,"citedcorpusid":96954747,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["On the other hand, Ghasemian et al. (2010) mention that with the application of 50 kg h-1 Fe increased significantly the number of pods, pod weight and biomass production in the Glycine max crop."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":986896453,"citingcorpusid":58895855,"citedcorpusid":96954747,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Ghasemian et al. (2010) declared that zinc element is essential in chlorophyll production and pollen function.","Lack of zinc in crop plants is due to the fact that this element cannot be solved in soils, and reduction of cell growth and development is one of the symptoms of Zn deficiency (Ghasemian et al., 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":601678104,"citingcorpusid":22545543,"citedcorpusid":58096696,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The exact role of hormonal therapy in the pathogenesis of malignancy in patients with endometriosis is still controversial, although the majority of ureteral carcinomas associated with endometriosis have been associated with unopposed estrogen treatment or gonadotropin releasing hormone which induces a secondary hyperestrogenic state [2, 3, 11, 14, 19, 24].","exceedingly rare and only few case reports have been described [2, 3, 11, 14, 19].","Most of these malignant transformations have been associated with a chronic estrogen therapy but to our knowledge no association with phytoestrogens supplementation has been previously described [2, 3, 11, 14].","The more frequent histologic types described in these locations are endometrioid carcinomas but carcinosarcomas (malignant mixed tumors) are exceptional [2, 3, 11, 14, 19].","Malignant transformation of endometriosis occurring at extragonadal pelvic sites and particularly uretera is very rare and only occasional case reports have been well documented [2, 3, 11, 14, 19]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2483610078,"citingcorpusid":128396650,"citedcorpusid":33862277,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["salinity profiles were interpolated from the uppermost layer to a depth of 200 m at 1 m intervals from oceanic reanalysis data according to the method of Akima [1970]. The interpolation method was the same as that in section 2.","[15] Water temperature and salinity profiles obtained from Argo profiling floats were extrapolated from the subsurface (a depth of nearly 5 m) to a depth of 200 m by using the method of Akima [1970]. Because there is no surface observation by Argo profiling floats, temperature and salinity from the surface to a depth of 5 m were assumed to be the same as at 5 m depth."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1623135329,"citingcorpusid":17642473,"citedcorpusid":40424072,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In all the proposed schemes [6-14], the two-dimensional or matrix codes and their sets are very specific for matrix dimension   L N  ,weight ‘w’ and correlation constraints (λa and λc)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2483610282,"citingcorpusid":128396650,"citedcorpusid":130306813,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["that depended on SST [DeMaria and Kaplan, 1994;Whitney and Hobgood, 1997], although SST alone was inadequate to predict TC intensity [Evans, 1993]. Kossin and Camargo [2009] considered MPI calculated along cyclone tracks in the context of secular hurricane trends and concluded that there was no tacit expectation that hurricanes became stronger based solely on MPI theory.",", 2007] and a southeastward shift of the TC genesis region [Chia and Ropelewski, 2002] cause longer duration of a TC, and thus a larger ATCHP value [Wada and Chan, 2008]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3260728805,"citingcorpusid":225547578,"citedcorpusid":1274520,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…on how dominance is measured and whether dominant species are native or non-native (e.g. unimodal; Andersen, 1992; Arnan et al., 2018; Parr, 2008; Parr et al., 2005, logarithmic; Baccaro, De Souza, Franklin, Landeiro, & Magnusson, 2012, negative linear; Andersen & Patel, 1994; Morrison, 1996).","However, our study and others (Andersen, 1992; Morrison, 1996; Parr et al., 2005) also show that species richness at baits decreases when the number of workers of dominant species becomes so high that dominant species can competitively exclude\nsubordinates from resources.","We assessed two different monopolization metrics: (a) the proportion of available baits monopolized per subplot (5 baits × 6 time periods = 30 available) and (b) the proportion of discovered baits monopolized (as in Parr et al., 2005).","We found that across sites, species richness increased linearly with the number of dominant species present (Figure 2a) and had a unimodal relationship with the number of workers of dominant species present at a bait (Figure 2b), as in previous studies (Andersen, 1992; Parr et al., 2005).","Yet, species diversity is sometimes higher where more dominant species are present (Arnan et al., 2018) or can increase at least up to a certain point before decreasing, leading to unimodal relationship (Andersen, 1992; Parr et al., 2005).","Andersen, 1992; Cerdá et al., 1997; Parr et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["methodology"],["result"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":170368503,"citingcorpusid":15851309,"citedcorpusid":40424072,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["I T ] 1 N ov 2009 Lee, Seo [29] (Λ × T, 3 , 1) 6Λ st + Λ s + Λ t, where s and t are the sizes of the optimal OOCs (Λ , 3 , 1) and ( T, 3 , 1) respectively .","The construction by Lee and Seo [29] spreads in the wave-length and the time domain by using two different 1-"],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2055890707,"citingcorpusid":24553101,"citedcorpusid":206810809,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Inhibition of SGLT2 blocks renal glucose reabsorption, promotes urinary glucose excretion and reduces plasma glucose levels (Bailey, 2011; Whalen et al., 2015; Wright et al., 2007) As this transporter is expressed almost exclusively in renal proximal tubules, its inhibition is therefore unlikely to…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2373667083,"citingcorpusid":154115457,"citedcorpusid":144526103,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similarly, within sport, Cunningham (2008) describes top management support for gender equity in terms of whether top managers actively model behaviours and attitudes that support women, and he argues that this support is an essential moderator of whether gender equity in sport will be achieved.","…cues that top management uses is partly a ques-\ntion for future research, we speculate from our research as well as prior research and theory (Cunningham, 2008; Gilbert and Ivancevich, 2001) that it is essential that top management actively serve as a role model for the importance and…"],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":1836699487,"citingcorpusid":212737016,"citedcorpusid":201926650,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[17] Xianmin Xu, Yana Di, and Masao Doi, “Variational method for contact line problems in sliding liquids,” Phys."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2021511347,"citingcorpusid":207896348,"citedcorpusid":2454942,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["On the other hand, the excellent prognosis of TGF-b dominant tumours was certainly unexpected, despite they all belonged to the CMS4 group, and particularly considering TGF-b signalling in stromal cells is a defining feature of poor prognosis CRC subtypes [23]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":255103521,"citingcorpusid":12644598,"citedcorpusid":10312343,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", [16]– [26]) have used unnatural stimuli (or simulated data) with highly controllable parameters, and their results can indeed offer some basic insights."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":547399831,"citingcorpusid":54063371,"citedcorpusid":95408533,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["RSM has been widely applied in optimization processes in food industries (Lee et al., 2006; Sin et al., 2006; Wong et al., 2003; Yusof et al., 1988)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1559594974,"citingcorpusid":9396605,"citedcorpusid":31524856,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…were obtained from GenBank and from publications where no GenBank accession numbers have been provided (Covacci et al., 1993; Tummuru et al., 1993; Evans et al., 1998; Yamaoka et al., 1998; Dong et al., 2002; Stein et al., 2002; Argent et al., 2004, 2005; Zhu et al., 2005; Devi et al., 2006; Choi…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":895423097,"citingcorpusid":10956535,"citedcorpusid":93775867,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1 ps, followed by a 1 ps simulation at 3,000 K and cooling to 298 K within 50 ps was applied at AM1 self-consistent field molecular orbital level [35]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1639009686,"citingcorpusid":158457887,"citedcorpusid":58720716,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This\n27\nestablished relationship made it necessary to be aware of existing biases and to keep a record of them through means of a researcher’s journal (Merriam, 2009).","The process of\n34\nmember checking allows for identification of biases and clarification of any misunderstandings during the interview and observation process (Merriam, 2009).","included obtaining informed consent, establishing researcher-participant boundaries, and ensuring privacy and confidentiality of participants (Merriam, 2009).","These methods are more concerned with interpreting the meaning of phenomena occurring in\n23\ntheir natural environment and communicating understandings to others who are interested in the studied setting (Merriam, 2009).","The number of participants in a qualitative study is determined by the purpose of the study and should be based on an expectation of reasonable coverage of the studied phenomenon based on the purpose of the study (Merriam, 2009).","The number of participants in a qualitative study is determined by the purpose of\nthe study and should be based on an expectation of reasonable coverage of the studied phenomenon based on the purpose of the study (Merriam, 2009).","Other actions that were taken before the study was conducted included obtaining informed consent, establishing researcher-participant boundaries, and ensuring privacy and confidentiality of participants (Merriam, 2009).","Unlike other forms of qualitative research, a case study yields data that allow for insight, discovery, and interpretation of the phenomenon under study (Merriam, 2009).","Observations can provide a firsthand encounter with the phenomenon being studied in its authentic environment (Merriam, 2009).","established relationship made it necessary to be aware of existing biases and to keep a record of them through means of a researcher’s journal (Merriam, 2009). Yin (2009) stated that case studies conducted in a real-life context obligate the researcher to ethical practices including protecting participants from any harm.","their natural environment and communicating understandings to others who are interested in the studied setting (Merriam, 2009).","Whereas the purpose of phenomenology is to understand the structure of the shared experiences of a phenomenon, the purpose of a case study is to examine the bounded system that includes the experiences of the participants and to understand an issue or problem within that bounded system (Merriam 2009).","The number of participants in a qualitative study is determined by the purpose of the study and should be based on an expectation of reasonable coverage of the studied phenomenon based on the purpose of the study (Merriam, 2009). Based on the sampling technique, the number of teachers who agreed to participate was five. Creswell (2012) determined that a characteristic of qualitative research is utilizing small sample sizes to provide detailed, in-depth descriptions of participants’ experiences, whereas larger","I then analyzed data through axial coding to identify relationships among themes and interpreted the findings in relation to the conceptual framework (Merriam, 2009).","…the purpose of phenomenology is to understand the structure of the shared experiences of a phenomenon, the purpose of a case study is to examine the bounded system that includes the experiences of the participants and to understand an issue or problem within that bounded system (Merriam 2009).","Qualitative case studies are defined as “an in-depth description and analysis of a\nbounded system” (Merriam, 2009).","Data triangulation was also used by which multiple sources of data were collected through multiple methods of data collection (Merriam, 2009).","established relationship made it necessary to be aware of existing biases and to keep a record of them through means of a researcher’s journal (Merriam, 2009).","24\nUnlike other forms of qualitative research, a case study yields data that allow for\ninsight, discovery, and interpretation of the phenomenon under study (Merriam, 2009).","Qualitative case studies are defined as “an in-depth description and analysis of a bounded system” (Merriam, 2009).","28\nData Collection\nAccording to Merriam (2009), case studies do not specify any particular data\ncollection methods, but rather rely on multiple methods of data collection."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2946817921,"citingcorpusid":222006454,"citedcorpusid":125073925,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[",e last observation is illustrated with the following example, which was presented in [67]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3695220077,"citingcorpusid":158457887,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Through PLNs, learning can be learner-centric and less formal than traditional workshop professional development methods (Williams, 2016).","Another trend is the peer-to-peer learning movement, which shifts the learning to participant-driven sessions in which learning takes place through collaboration (Williams, 2016)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":829304863,"citingcorpusid":389719,"citedcorpusid":12734718,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Background Medical rapid prototyping (MRP) is defined as the manufacture of dimensionally accurate physical models of human anatomy derived from medical image data using a variety of rapid prototyping (RP) technologies [1]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1816420628,"citingcorpusid":212438959,"citedcorpusid":12734718,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several studies have reported the use of CAD and advance manufacturing platforms such as computer aided manufacturing/computer numerical control (CAM/CNC), 3D printing and Rapid Tooling (RT) in the production of customized prosthesis and surgical resection template [1-16]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2443290409,"citingcorpusid":38041613,"citedcorpusid":6184934,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although in South America, changes in the Amazon receive the greatest attention, extra-tropical deforestation for grain and forage production is also increasing, becoming the most important land cover changes in the last decades (Kaimowitz & Smith, 2001; Morton et al., 2006; Gasparri & Grau, 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1718790900,"citingcorpusid":168448063,"citedcorpusid":12734718,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["AM has also found application in the medical field for preoperational planning and craniomaxillofacial interventions [15] and the production of prostheses and orthotics [16, 17]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1201823297,"citingcorpusid":23002666,"citedcorpusid":12734718,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Most of them used three-dimensional images for preoperative planning,(6) whereas others used medical models.(2,7) However, the challenge remains while the need for an effective translation of computer modeling into real surgical procedures remains."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":923143213,"citingcorpusid":19229829,"citedcorpusid":12734718,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These applications help surgeons analyze and evaluate the individual condition of the patient before surgery, aiding in the development of a surgical plan [23,24]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2663517531,"citingcorpusid":219934098,"citedcorpusid":8592958,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Including the load as an exogenous parameter, the accuracy of the forecast increased, compared to the results of [2] without exogenous parameter.","For all electricity markets, short-term price forecasting methods help to optimize the bidding strategy and are therefore gaining in importance [1-22]."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":864643070,"citingcorpusid":370478,"citedcorpusid":2382758,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["P. aeruginosa, for instance, uses the injectisome-T3SS against Acanthamoeba castellanii to pass different exotoxins such as ExoU, ExoS, ExoYand ExoT into the cytosol of the amoeba in order to kill the protist, with ExoU displaying the greatest effect (Matz et al. 2008).","However, the bacterium has also evolved a number of strategies to counteract this process in order to resist phagocytosis by and/or survive inside these protozoa (Michel 1997) or even to kill them (Matz et al. 2008).","ExoYand ExoT into the cytosol of the amoeba in order to kill the protist, with ExoU displaying the greatest effect (Matz et al. 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2647067318,"citingcorpusid":129432198,"citedcorpusid":36017668,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[2] A 30-year period of freshening of the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas has been documented by Curry et al. [2003] and  Curry and Mauritzen [2005] ."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1910677296,"citingcorpusid":211327530,"citedcorpusid":156447856,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["More than 50% of Russia’s agricultural imports came previously from the countries targeted by the embargo, including almost 50% of meat, and about 95% of its dairy imports (Erokhin et al. 2014: 56)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3489898466,"citingcorpusid":211327530,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Researchers have found that nontransparent Russian procedures often are aimed at extracting rents (Pokrivcak et al. 2013: 176), and that international standards for dealing with potential hazards to human, animal and plant health are frequently not being followed in Russia (Black and Kireeva 2010:…","…EU dairy exports found that products were tested against numerous and detailed Russian standards that are unnecessary from a strict food safety perspective,\nwhile seemingly arbitrary, often-changing rules applied in Russian inspections, create uncertainty for exporters (Pokrivcak et al. 2013: 187)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":356451420,"citingcorpusid":3668705,"citedcorpusid":36017668,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[", 2007; Gammon et al., 1982), and that the C ant concentration in the surface ocean is, to a first approximation, exponentially increasing. In principle, the change in DIC concentration between repeat measurements (i.e. 1DIC) at a specific location and depth in the ocean can be assumed to represent the anthropogenic component, which can be integrated over the water column to assess the storage rate of anthropogenic carbon. However, a direct comparison of the DIC fields usually show large variability, i.e. a patchy image, of the decadal change in DIC (or any other property) concentrations due to spatial and temporal variability in the ocean such as eddies and variable location of ocean fronts (e.g. Wanninkhof et al., 2010). A common approach to estimate C ant involves combining DIC data with dissolved O2 or nutrient data to reduce variability due to internal ocean processes such as changes in remineralization. The variable effect on DIC is assumed to be captured from other tracers assuming fixed elemental ratios (C/N, C/P, C/O, i.e. Redfield ratios). A related approach uses multiple linear regressions (MLRs) where relations between a number of relevant properties, such as nutrients, oxygen and salinity are used to determine the DIC concentration of the sample. The use of MLR has the capacity to compensate for some of the small scale variability in the ocean and the result is usually relatively smooth fields of 1DIC. A variation of the MLR method was suggested by Friis et al. (2005) in which the MLR coefficients for both the cruise are subtracted from each other and then directly used for the calculation of the1DIC. This approach is known as extended MRL (eMLR). Wanninkhof et al. (2010) finds significant biases and various amount of scatter in the 1DIC fields depending on the method applied to a section through the Atlantic Ocean, indicating that the correct choice of methodology is critical.","Significant changes in the SPNA salinity balance has been observed during the last half century (Curry and Mauritzen, 2005) which can be consistent with varying dominance of different water masses. Based on this analysis it seems that these long-term variations also affect the inventory of DIC in the SPNA. The storage rates of DIC and DICabio in the southern parts of regions A and B are significantly higher than for the northern parts, and conform better to published estimates of C ant in the region. For instance, a recent study by McGrath et al. (2012) found storage rates of C ant in the Rockall Trough of 1.2 mol m−2 a−1 for the layer between 200 and 2000 m. The oxygen and AOU storage rates are close to neutral in the southern parts of regions A and B, i.e. similar to other areas further south in the Atlantic. A detailed study of the temporal evolution of the inorganic carbon content in the SPNA is out of scope for this study. It is, however, interesting to point out the diverging trends of Cant and DIC found in this region may relate to varying convection activity and water mass distribution. It seems that the inventory of DIC decreases at the same time as the inventory of Cant increases. An explanation for this can be provided by changes in water mass distribution in the SPNA. For instance, the DIC concentration of LSW is in the order of 2160 μmol kg−1, whereas the DIC concentration of the Mediterranean Sea Overflow Water (in the Gulf of Cadiz) is in the order of 2200 μmol kg −1, even though both water masses have relatively high, and somewhat similar concentration of Cant. These two water masses are both present in the SPNA and variability in the relative presence of these two water masses will change the column inventory of DIC in a way that is not necessarily reflected in storage of C ant. Recently, Stendardo and Gruber (2012) used a long-term data set for dissolved oxygen in the North Atlantic Ocean to assess any trends over the past 49 yr.",", 2007; Gammon et al., 1982), and that the C ant concentration in the surface ocean is, to a first approximation, exponentially increasing. In principle, the change in DIC concentration between repeat measurements (i.e. 1DIC) at a specific location and depth in the ocean can be assumed to represent the anthropogenic component, which can be integrated over the water column to assess the storage rate of anthropogenic carbon. However, a direct comparison of the DIC fields usually show large variability, i.e. a patchy image, of the decadal change in DIC (or any other property) concentrations due to spatial and temporal variability in the ocean such as eddies and variable location of ocean fronts (e.g. Wanninkhof et al., 2010). A common approach to estimate C ant involves combining DIC data with dissolved O2 or nutrient data to reduce variability due to internal ocean processes such as changes in remineralization. The variable effect on DIC is assumed to be captured from other tracers assuming fixed elemental ratios (C/N, C/P, C/O, i.e. Redfield ratios). A related approach uses multiple linear regressions (MLRs) where relations between a number of relevant properties, such as nutrients, oxygen and salinity are used to determine the DIC concentration of the sample. The use of MLR has the capacity to compensate for some of the small scale variability in the ocean and the result is usually relatively smooth fields of 1DIC. A variation of the MLR method was suggested by Friis et al. (2005) in which the MLR coefficients for both the cruise are subtracted from each other and then directly used for the calculation of the1DIC. This approach is known as extended MRL (eMLR). Wanninkhof et al. (2010) finds significant biases and various amount of scatter in the 1DIC fields depending on the method applied to a section through the Atlantic Ocean, indicating that the correct choice of methodology is critical. A thorough analysis of potential biases in the MLR method is provided by Levine et al. (2008), where particularly potential biases in the deep water formation regions were pointed out.",", 2007; Gammon et al., 1982), and that the C ant concentration in the surface ocean is, to a first approximation, exponentially increasing. In principle, the change in DIC concentration between repeat measurements (i.e. 1DIC) at a specific location and depth in the ocean can be assumed to represent the anthropogenic component, which can be integrated over the water column to assess the storage rate of anthropogenic carbon. However, a direct comparison of the DIC fields usually show large variability, i.e. a patchy image, of the decadal change in DIC (or any other property) concentrations due to spatial and temporal variability in the ocean such as eddies and variable location of ocean fronts (e.g. Wanninkhof et al., 2010). A common approach to estimate C ant involves combining DIC data with dissolved O2 or nutrient data to reduce variability due to internal ocean processes such as changes in remineralization. The variable effect on DIC is assumed to be captured from other tracers assuming fixed elemental ratios (C/N, C/P, C/O, i.e. Redfield ratios). A related approach uses multiple linear regressions (MLRs) where relations between a number of relevant properties, such as nutrients, oxygen and salinity are used to determine the DIC concentration of the sample. The use of MLR has the capacity to compensate for some of the small scale variability in the ocean and the result is usually relatively smooth fields of 1DIC. A variation of the MLR method was suggested by Friis et al. (2005) in which the MLR coefficients for both the cruise are subtracted from each other and then directly used for the calculation of the1DIC.","Significant changes in the SPNA salinity balance has been observed during the last half century (Curry and Mauritzen, 2005) which can be consistent with varying dominance of different water masses. Based on this analysis it seems that these long-term variations also affect the inventory of DIC in the SPNA. The storage rates of DIC and DICabio in the southern parts of regions A and B are significantly higher than for the northern parts, and conform better to published estimates of C ant in the region. For instance, a recent study by McGrath et al. (2012) found storage rates of C ant in the Rockall Trough of 1.","Significant changes in the SPNA salinity balance has been observed during the last half century (Curry and Mauritzen, 2005) which can be consistent with varying dominance of different water masses. Based on this analysis it seems that these long-term variations also affect the inventory of DIC in the SPNA. The storage rates of DIC and DICabio in the southern parts of regions A and B are significantly higher than for the northern parts, and conform better to published estimates of C ant in the region. For instance, a recent study by McGrath et al. (2012) found storage rates of C ant in the Rockall Trough of 1.2 mol m−2 a−1 for the layer between 200 and 2000 m. The oxygen and AOU storage rates are close to neutral in the southern parts of regions A and B, i.e. similar to other areas further south in the Atlantic. A detailed study of the temporal evolution of the inorganic carbon content in the SPNA is out of scope for this study. It is, however, interesting to point out the diverging trends of Cant and DIC found in this region may relate to varying convection activity and water mass distribution. It seems that the inventory of DIC decreases at the same time as the inventory of Cant increases. An explanation for this can be provided by changes in water mass distribution in the SPNA. For instance, the DIC concentration of LSW is in the order of 2160 μmol kg−1, whereas the DIC concentration of the Mediterranean Sea Overflow Water (in the Gulf of Cadiz) is in the order of 2200 μmol kg −1, even though both water masses have relatively high, and somewhat similar concentration of Cant. These two water masses are both present in the SPNA and variability in the relative presence of these two water masses will change the column inventory of DIC in a way that is not necessarily reflected in storage of C ant. Recently, Stendardo and Gruber (2012) used a long-term data set for dissolved oxygen in the North Atlantic Ocean to assess any trends over the past 49 yr. She finds a complex pattern of temporal changes in oxygen concentrations; the upper water masses have generally lost oxygen, particularly in the eastern and northern Atlantic, whereas deeper layers have generally gained oxygen, particularly in the southwestern part of the North Atlantic. The results are based on observed changes in oxygen concentration for different density intervals (i.e. water masses). In a more detailed study focusing of repeats of the A2 sections (i.e. a zonal section across the Atlantic Ocean at ∼ 47 N), Stendardo (2011) concludes that the oxygen concentrations show strong inter-annual variability with a tendency towards oxygen loss over time.",", 2007; Gammon et al., 1982), and that the C ant concentration in the surface ocean is, to a first approximation, exponentially increasing. In principle, the change in DIC concentration between repeat measurements (i.e. 1DIC) at a specific location and depth in the ocean can be assumed to represent the anthropogenic component, which can be integrated over the water column to assess the storage rate of anthropogenic carbon. However, a direct comparison of the DIC fields usually show large variability, i.e. a patchy image, of the decadal change in DIC (or any other property) concentrations due to spatial and temporal variability in the ocean such as eddies and variable location of ocean fronts (e.g. Wanninkhof et al., 2010). A common approach to estimate C ant involves combining DIC data with dissolved O2 or nutrient data to reduce variability due to internal ocean processes such as changes in remineralization. The variable effect on DIC is assumed to be captured from other tracers assuming fixed elemental ratios (C/N, C/P, C/O, i.e. Redfield ratios). A related approach uses multiple linear regressions (MLRs) where relations between a number of relevant properties, such as nutrients, oxygen and salinity are used to determine the DIC concentration of the sample. The use of MLR has the capacity to compensate for some of the small scale variability in the ocean and the result is usually relatively smooth fields of 1DIC. A variation of the MLR method was suggested by Friis et al. (2005) in which the MLR coefficients for both the cruise are subtracted from each other and then directly used for the calculation of the1DIC. This approach is known as extended MRL (eMLR). Wanninkhof et al. (2010) finds significant biases and various amount of scatter in the 1DIC fields depending on the method applied to a section through the Atlantic Ocean, indicating that the correct choice of methodology is critical. A thorough analysis of potential biases in the MLR method is provided by Levine et al. (2008), where particularly potential biases in the deep water formation regions were pointed out. Furthermore, estimates of C ant that use O2 as a component of tracer combination are subject to an easily understood bias. The integration of the tracer combination over the column to yield the change in the inventory of C ant yields a sum of terms, one for inventory of each of the components, including the O2 inventory. Globally, the change in O 2 inventory, however, is largely controlled by air–sea exchanges of O2 (Keeling and Garcia, 2002). Thus a combined tracer that includes O2 will be sensitive not just to processes driving long-term uptake of CO2 by the oceans, but also processes driving long-term changes in O 2 (Keeling, 2005; Yool et al., 2010). Recent studies suggest that the change in global ocean O2 inventory is decreasing at the level of ∼ 50 Tmol yr−1 due to warming and increased ocean stratification (Keeling et al., 2010; Helm et al., 2011), which is significant compared to estimated global ocean CO 2 uptake of∼ 200 Tmol yr−1. A tracer combination that uses O 2 therefore cannot yield a reliable estimate of ocean CO 2 uptake unless it is combined with independent estimates of the changes in ocean O 2 inventory (Keeling et al., 2010). Estimates of C ant that include potential temperature as a correlating variable will be similarly sensitive to changes in ocean heat content (Levitus et al., 2012). Related problems have been documented locally. For instance, time series data from the DYFAMED site in the Western Mediterranean Sea show increasing DIC concentrations with time for almost all depths (Touratier and Goyet, 2009), but the authors conclude that the C ant concentration is decreasing based on a particular method to calculate the C ant concentration. Similarly, Wakita et al. (2010) present measured DIC concentrations on a time-series station from the NW Pacific Ocean (stations KNOT and K2), and conclude that the Cant concentration has a significant increasing trend with time although the DIC concentrations do not show such a trend.","Significant changes in the SPNA salinity balance has been observed during the last half century (Curry and Mauritzen, 2005) which can be consistent with varying dominance of different water masses. Based on this analysis it seems that these long-term variations also affect the inventory of DIC in the SPNA. The storage rates of DIC and DICabio in the southern parts of regions A and B are significantly higher than for the northern parts, and conform better to published estimates of C ant in the region. For instance, a recent study by McGrath et al. (2012) found storage rates of C ant in the Rockall Trough of 1.2 mol m−2 a−1 for the layer between 200 and 2000 m. The oxygen and AOU storage rates are close to neutral in the southern parts of regions A and B, i.e. similar to other areas further south in the Atlantic. A detailed study of the temporal evolution of the inorganic carbon content in the SPNA is out of scope for this study. It is, however, interesting to point out the diverging trends of Cant and DIC found in this region may relate to varying convection activity and water mass distribution. It seems that the inventory of DIC decreases at the same time as the inventory of Cant increases. An explanation for this can be provided by changes in water mass distribution in the SPNA. For instance, the DIC concentration of LSW is in the order of 2160 μmol kg−1, whereas the DIC concentration of the Mediterranean Sea Overflow Water (in the Gulf of Cadiz) is in the order of 2200 μmol kg −1, even though both water masses have relatively high, and somewhat similar concentration of Cant. These two water masses are both present in the SPNA and variability in the relative presence of these two water masses will change the column inventory of DIC in a way that is not necessarily reflected in storage of C ant. Recently, Stendardo and Gruber (2012) used a long-term data set for dissolved oxygen in the North Atlantic Ocean to assess any trends over the past 49 yr. She finds a complex pattern of temporal changes in oxygen concentrations; the upper water masses have generally lost oxygen, particularly in the eastern and northern Atlantic, whereas deeper layers have generally gained oxygen, particularly in the southwestern part of the North Atlantic. The results are based on observed changes in oxygen concentration for different density intervals (i.e. water masses). In a more detailed study focusing of repeats of the A2 sections (i.e. a zonal section across the Atlantic Ocean at ∼ 47 N), Stendardo (2011) concludes that the oxygen concentrations show strong inter-annual variability with a tendency towards oxygen loss over time. The results presented in this study are, in general, supporting the results of Stendardo (2011) with particularly large losses of oxygen in the northern part of the North Atlantic."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["result"],null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":2016950083,"citingcorpusid":143633515,"citedcorpusid":144771252,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["From the mainstream side, the accepted wisdom evolved that ethnomethodology could be granted a niche within the sociological environment, albeit a relatively minor one (Giddens 1976), couched in terms that ethnomethodologists themselves were unwilling to accept (Sharrock 1989)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3781088111,"citingcorpusid":44710698,"citedcorpusid":253648748,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although other buffering agents such as HEPES stabilise experimental pH, bicarbonate restriction could have a dramatic effect on cellular metabolism since bicarbonate acts as a nutrient, alters kinase signalling [6], and permits intracellular pH fluctuations [7]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3961419801,"citingcorpusid":252991297,"citedcorpusid":4701662,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…transport between the ER and mitochondria is known to be mediated by the ER-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) in yeast, which also functions as the molecular tether between these organelles (Jeong et al., 2016, 2017; Kawano et al., 2018; Kojima et al., 2016; Kornmann et al., 2009).","We obtained similar results when we performed in vitro phospholipid transport assay (Kojima et al., 2016).","The in vitro assays were performed essentially as described previously (Kojima et al., 2016; Tamura et al., 2019b)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1105496970,"citingcorpusid":103820346,"citedcorpusid":22276468,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["mtaE 5 739 bp (69,6/47,9/85,3) 211 493 Da PKS KS (37-465) AT (578-896) OMT (988-1262) S (1268-1497) KR (1528-1789) ACP (1823-1889) 27445-28731 29068-30024 30298-31122 31138-31827 31918-32703 32803-33003","mtaF 4 083 bp (66,1/42,5/88,2) 147 958 Da PKS KS (35-461) AT (568-884) OMT (944-1220) ACP (1272-1338) 33287-34567 34886-35836 36014-36844 36998-37198","Analog belädt die Acyltransferase Domäne des ersten Extensionsmoduls das entsprechende ACP mit Malonyl- oder Methylmalonyl-CoA.","O S O\nS\nKS AT ACP\nHS\nO\nS\nO\nInitiation der Polyketidbiosynthese\nKettenverlängerung in der Polyketidbiosynthese\n-CO2\nAbbildung 1.4 Ablauf der Polyketidbiosynthese.","127 Tabelle 3.9 Die abgeleiteten Funktionen der stromaufwärts und stromabwärts des mel Genclusters gelegenen offenen Leserahmen 128 Tabelle 3.10 Die spezifitätsbestimmenden Aminosäuren der A Domänen der MELS 135 Tabelle 3.11 Vergleich des mta und mel Biosynthesegenclusters 158 Tabelle 3.12 Vergleich der spezifitätsbestimmenden Aminosäuren der A Domänen der MTAS und der MELS 159\nInhaltsverzeichnis IX\nAbkürzungsverzeichnis A Domäne Adenylierungsdomäne ACP Domäne Acyl Carrier Protein Domäne ADP Adenosindiphosphat APS Ammoniumperoxodisulfat AT Domäne Acyltransferase Domäne ATP Adenosintriphosphat bp Basenpaar BSA Rinderserum-Albumin (bovine serum albumin) c Konzentration C Kohlenstoff ca. circa C Domäne Kondensationsdomäne CIP alkalische Phosphatase aus Kälberdarm (calf intestine alkaline phosphatase) C-MT C-Methyltransferase CoA Coenzym A d desoxy D Deuterium (schwerer Wasserstoff) Da Dalton DAD-HPLC Dioden Array Detection gekoppelte HPLC dATP 2´-Desoxyadenosintriphosphat dCTP 2´-Desoxycytidintriphosphat DH Domäne β-Hydroxy-Dehydratase Domäne DIG Digoxigenin-11-dUTP DMF Dimethylformamid DMSO Dimethylsulfoxid DNA Desoxyribonukleinsäure dNTP 2´-Desoxynukleosidtriphosphat DTT 1,4-Dimercapto-2,3-butandiol dTTP 2´-Desoxythymidintriphosphat dUTP 2´-Desoxyuridintriphosphat E. coli Escherichia coli EDTA Ethylendiamin-N,N,N´,N´,-tetraessigsäure ER Domäne Enoylreduktase Domäne Fa.","8 Einleitung\nACP\nR O\nS\nO\nACP ACP ACP\nR OH\nS\nO R\nS\nO R\nS\nO\nKetoreduktion Dehydratation Enoylreduktion\nKR DH ER\nKS AT ACP\nDH S ER\noptionale PKS Domänen\nreduktive Schleife\nAbbildung 1.5 Die optionalen Domänen von Polyketidsynthasen\nNeben den bakteriellen Polyketidsynthasen vom Typ I existieren auch pilzliche Polyketidsynthasen vom Typ I (Fujii, 1999).","KS, AT und ACP Domäne gehören zur minimalen Ausstattung eines Moduls.","mtaB 12 024 bp (73,0/51,2/77,4) 428 091 Da PKS ACP (23-107) KS (112-539) AT (564-882) AT(992-1311) DH (1321-1525) ER* (1536-1823) KR (1854-2114) ACP (2127-2194) KS (2224-2651) AT (2764-3080 DH (3090-3297) S (3309-3606) KR (3637-3898) ACP (3918-3984) 1439-1693 1706-2989 3062-4018 4346-5305 5333-5947 5978-6841 6932-7714 7751-7954 8042-9325 9662-10612 10640-11263 11297-12190 12281-13064 13124-13324","O\nAT ACP\nSH\nKS AT ACP\n-","Sequenzvergleich von MelK mit weiteren Methyltransferasen ohne typische SAM-Bindestelle 125 Abbildung 3.41 Die katalytische Triade von MelJ 126 Abbildung 3.42 Sequenzvergleich der an der Melithiazolbiosynthese beteiligten KS Domänen 130 Abbildung 3.43 Sequenzvergleich der an der Melithiazolbiosynthese beteiligten AT Domänen 131 Abbildung 3.44 Sequenzvergleich der an der Melithiazolbiosynthese beteiligten KR Domänen 131 Abbildung 3.45 Analyse der an der Melithiazolbiosynthese beteiligten DH Domäne 132 Abbildung 3.46 Sequenzvergleich der an der Melithiazolbiosynthese beteiligten O-MT Domänen 132 Abbildung 3.47 Sequenzvergleich der an der Melithiazolbiosynthese beteiligten ACP und PCP Domänen 133 Abbildung 3.48 Analyse der an der Melithiazolbiosynthese beteiligten C Domäne 133 Abbildung 3.49 Sequenzvergleich der an der Melithiazolbiosynthese beteiligten A Domänen 134 Abbildung 3.50 Sequenzvergleich der an der Melithiazolbiosynthese beteiligten HC Domänen 135 Abbildung 3.51 Sequenzvergleich der potentiellen Oxidationsdomänen der MELS 136 Abbildung 3.52 Analyse der MOX Domäne von MelG 136 Abbildung 3.53 Analyse der Thioesterase Domäne 137 Abbildung 3.54 Myxothiazolderivat mit verkürzter Seitenkette 140 Abbildung 3.55 Heterologe Expression von MelB in S. aurantiaca DW4/3-1 141 Abbildung 3.56 Sequenzvergleich von MelD und MtaD im N-terminalen Bereich der inserierten Ox Domänen 143 Abbildung 3.57 Mutagenese-Schema zur Substitution der Adenylierungsdomäne in MtaD durch die Adenylierungsdomäne aus MelD 144 Abbildung 3.58 Klonierungsstrategie zur Erzeugung von pESW241 146 Abbildung 3.59 Schematische Darstellung der verschiedenen Genotypen von ESW609 und ESW601 147 Abbildung 3.60 Vergleich der Myxothiazole A und Z 148 Abbildung 3.61 Klonierungsstrategie zur Erzeugung von pESW243 150 Abbildung 3.62 Heterologe Expression von MelK und MelJ in S. aurantiaca DW4/3-1 151 Abbildung 3.63 HPLC Analyse der Extrakte von S. aurantiaca DW4/3-1, der Mutante ESW602 und M. fulvus Mx f 333/8.","melB 3 153 bp (72,0/52,5/91,3) 111 621 Da PKS KS (16-443) AT (555-870) ACP (962-1028) 13925-15208 15542-16489 16763-16963","Das Weiterreichen der wachsenden Intermediate von Modul zu Modul bewerkstelligen Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) Domänen und Peptidyl Carrier Protein (PCP) Domänen (siehe 1.3.2).","6 Einleitung\nKS AT ACP\nHO\nAT ACP\nHO\nC A PCP\nHO\nA PCP\nHO\nKS AT ACPAT ACP\nC A PCPA PCP\nN H O\nOH O\nN H O SH\nP O\nO O\nN H O\nOH O\nN H O SH\nP O\nO O\nN H O\nOH O\nN H O SH\nP O\nO O\nN H O\nOH O\nN H O SH\nP O\nO O\nLademodul Extensionsmodul\nKS: β-Ketoacyl-ACP Synthase Domäne; AT: Acyltransferase Domäne; ACP: Acyl Carrier Protein Domäne\nDomäne\nCoenzym A 3´5´-ADP\nCoenzym A 3´5´-ADP\nPhosphopantetheinylTransferasel\nPpT\nDomäne DomäneDomäne\nLademodul Extensionsmodul\nLademodul Extensionsmodul\nDomäne Domäne DomäneDomäne\nLademodul Extensionsmodul\nC: Kondensationsdomäne; A: Adenylierungsdomäne; PCP: Peptidyl Carrier Protein Domäne\nAbbildung 1.3 Aktivierung von Acyl Carrier Proteinen und Peptidyl Carrier Proteinen.","Zu Beginn der Polyketidbiosynthese wählt die Acyltransferase (AT) Domäne des Lademoduls den Coenzym A-Thioester einer kurzkettigen Carbonsäure (meist Acetyl-CoA oder Propionyl-CoA) als Startereinheit aus und überträgt die Säure auf den Phosphopantetheinarm der nachfolgenden ACP Domäne (siehe Abbildung 1.4).","Einleitung 7\nAT ACP\nSH\nO\nSCoA HS-CoA\nAT ACP\nO\nS\nAT ACP\nO\nS\nKS AT ACP\nHS\nO\nS\nO\n-","melE 5 739 bp (71,0/49,4/90,9) 206 932 Da PKS KS (35-429) AT (573-890) OMT (972-1246) S (1252-1454) KR (1486-1746) ACP (1783-1849) 31042-32328 32656-33609 33853-34677 34693-35301 35395-36177 36286-36486","Konzentrierung von Proteinextrakten 62 2.19.4 Reinigung chitinbindender Intein-Fusionsproteine mit Hilfe der Affinitätschromatographie 62 2.19.5 SDS-PAGE-Gelelektrophorese 63\n2.19.5.1 Probenvorbereitung 63 2.19.5.2 Herstellung der Gelmatrices und Elektrophorese 64 2.19.5.3 Detektion der Proteinbanden 64\n2.20 Analytik der von S. aurantiaca DW4/3-1 produzierten Sekundärmetabolite 65 2.20.1 Dioden Array gekoppelte Hochleistungsflüssigchromatographie (DAD-HPLC) 65 2.20.2 Hochleistungsflüssigchromatographie mit Masse-Detektor (HPLC-MS) 67 2.21 Fütterung von isotopenmarkierten Vorstufen 67 2.21.1 Fütterung von D8-DL-Valin 67 2.21.2 Fütterung von [13CH3]-Methionin 68\n3 Ergebnisse 69 3.1 Klonierung des Myxothiazol-Biosynthesegenclusters 69 3.2 Das Myxothiazol-Biosynthesegencluster 70 3.3 Analyse der mta Gene 72 3.4 Modulare Struktur der an der Myxothiazolbiosynthese beteiligten Proteine 73 3.5 Analyse der an der Myxothiazolbiosynthese beteiligten Domänen 76\n3.5.1 Analyse der β-Ketoacylsynthase Domänen 76 3.5.2 Analyse der Acyltransferase Domänen 77 3.5.3 Analyse der β-Ketoacylreduktase Domänen 78 3.5.4 Analyse der β-Hydroxy-Dehydratase Domänen 79 3.5.5 Analyse der vermuteten O-Methyltransferase Domänen 79 3.5.6 Analyse der Acyl Carrier Protein und Peptidyl Carrier Protein Domänen 80 3.5.7 Analyse der Kondensationsdomäne 81 3.5.8 Analyse der Adenylierungsdomänen 82 3.5.9 Analyse der Heterozyklisierungsdomänen 83 3.5.10 Analyse der potentiellen Oxidationsdomänen 84 3.5.11 Analyse der Monooxygenase Domäne 85\nInhaltsverzeichnis III\n3.5.12 Analyse der Thioesterase Domäne 86 3.6 Analyse der stromabwärts des mta Clusters gelegenen offenen Leserahmen 86 3.7 Mutageneseverfahren zur Erzeugung von markerlosen Mutationen unter Erhalt des Leserahmens 87\n3.7.1 Allgemeiner Ablauf der Mutagenesen zur Erzeugung von markerlosen Mutationen und Deletionen unter Erhalt des Leserahmens 88 3.7.2 Konstruktionsbeschreibung diverser Mutageneseplasmide 89\n3.8 Erzeugung einer Punktmutation innerhalb der vermuteten Enoylreduktase Domäne des ersten Verlängerungsmoduls von MtaB 91\n3.8.1 Konstruktion des Mutageneseplasmides pESW25 93 3.8.2 Konstruktion der mtaB-Mutante (L1666A, R1671K, G1672A, G1673L) 93 3.8.3 Analyse der Produktbildung in den Mutanten 94\n3.9 Erzeugung einer Punktmutation innerhalb der β-Ketoreduktase Domäne des ersten Verlängerungsmoduls von MtaB 94\n3.9.1 Konstruktion des Mutageneseplasmides pESW41 95 3.9.2 Konstruktion der mtaB-Mutante (G1860I, G1861I,G1863V) 95 3.9.3 Analyse der Produktbildung in den Mutanten 96\n3.10 Untersuchungen zur Bildung der Bisthiazoleinheit im Myxothiazol 96 3.10.1 Deletion der FMN-Bindedomäne in MtaC 96\n3.10.1.1 Konstruktion des Mutageneseplasmides pESW33 97 3.10.1.2 Konstruktion der mtaC∆Ox3280-3919 Mutante 98 3.10.1.3 Analyse der Produktbildung in den Mutanten 100\n3.10.2 Deletion der FMN-Bindedomäne in MtaD 101 3.10.2.1 Konstruktion des Mutageneseplasmides pESW36 102 3.10.2.2 Konstruktion der mtaD∆Ox3599-4430 Mutante 102 3.10.2.3 Analyse der Produktbildung in den Mutanten 103\n3.11 In vitro Untersuchungen zur Entstehung der Bisthiazoleinheit 103 3.11.1 In vitro Test mit der Ox Domäne von MtaC 105 3.12 Spezifische Inaktivierung der O-Methyltransferase Domänen in MtaE und MtaF 107\n3.12.1 Erzeugung einer Punktmutation innerhalb der vermuteten O-Methyltransferase Domäne von MtaE 107\n3.12.1.1 Konstruktion des Mutageneseplasmides pESW45 108 3.12.1.2 Konstruktion der mtaE Mutante (D1042A; C1045T) 108 3.12.1.3 Analyse der Produktbildung in den Mutanten 109\n3.12.2 Erzeugung einer Punktmutation innerhalb der vermuteten O-Methyltransferase Domäne von MtaF 109\n3.12.2.1 Konstruktion des Mutageneseplasmides pESW17 110 3.12.2.2 Konstruktion der mtaF- Mutante (D1002L; C1005T; G1006L) 110 3.12.2.3 Analyse der Produktbildung in den Mutanten 110\n3.13 Untersuchungen zur Entstehung des endständigen Amides 111 3.13.1 Deletion der Monooxygenasedomäne in MtaG 111\n3.13.1.1 Konstruktion des Mutageneseplasmides pESW24 112 3.13.1.2 Konstruktion der mtaG∆MOX2284-3324 Mutante 112 3.13.1.3 Analyse der Produktbildung in den Mutanten 112\n3.14 Inaktivierung von mtaH sowohl durch einfache homologe Rekombination als auch durch In-Frame Deletion 113\n3.14.1 Spezifische Inaktivierung von mtaH durch einfache homologe Rekombination 113 3.14.2 Spezifische Inaktivierung von mtaH durch In-Frame Deletion 115 3.14.2.1 Konstruktion des Mutageneseplasmides pESW64 116 3.14.2.2 Konstruktion der mtaH∆333-665 Mutante 117 3.14.2.3 Analyse der Produktbildung in den Mutanten 117\n3.15 Auffinden und Inaktivierung von mtaX (dem mtaH-Isogen) 117 3.15.1 Analyse der Produktbildung in den Mutanten 118 3.16 Suche nach dem Melithiazol-Biosynthesegencluster 120 3.17 Ergebnisse der Sequenzanalyse 121 3.17.1 Analyse der mel Gene 121 3.18 Analyse der stromaufwärts des mel Clusters gelegenen offenen Leserahmen 123 3.19 Analyse der stromabwärts des mel Clusters gelegenen offenen Leserahmen 123 3.20 Analyse der an der Melithiazolbiosynthese beteiligten Domänen 129\nInhaltsverzeichnis IV\n3.20.1 Analyse der β-Ketoacylsynthase Domänen 129 3.20.2 Analyse der Acyltransferase Domänen 130 3.20.3 Analyse der β-Ketoreduktase Domänen 131 3.20.4 Analyse der β-Hydroxy-Dehydratase Domäne 132 3.20.5 Analyse der vermuteten O-Methyltransferase Domänen 132 3.20.6 Analyse der Acyl Carrier Protein und Peptidyl Carrier Protein Domänen 133 3.20.7 Analyse der Kondensationsdomäne 133 3.20.8 Analyse der Adenylierungsdomänen 134 3.20.9 Analyse der Heterozyklisierungsdomänen 135 3.20.10 Analyse der potentiellen Oxidationsdomänen 136 3.20.11 Analyse der Monooxygenase Domäne von MelG 136 3.20.12 Analyse der Thioesterase Domäne 137\n3.21 Versuche zur genetischen Manipulation von M. lichenicola Me l46 137 3.21.1 Transformation von M. lichenicola Me l46 durch Elektroporation 138 3.21.2 Transformation von M. lichenicola Me l46 durch Konjugation 138 3.22 Heterologe Expression von MelB in S. aurantiaca DW4/3-1 139 3.22.1 Konstruktion des Mutageneseplasmides pMSW17 140 3.22.2 Konstruktion und Analyse der Mutanten 142 3.23 Substitution der Adenylierungsdomäne in MtaD durch die Adenylierungsdomäne aus MelD 142\n3.23.1 Konstruktion des Mutageneseplasmides pESW241 144 3.23.2 Konstruktion der Mutante 146 3.23.3 Analyse der Produktbildung in den Mutanten 148\n3.24 Untersuchung zur Entstehung des Methylesters von Melithiazol 148 3.24.1 Konstruktion des Mutageneseplasmides pESW243 148 3.24.2 Konstruktion der Mutante mtaH::pESW234 150 3.24.3 Analyse der Produktbildung in den Mutanten 152 3.25 Weitere Untersuchungen zu Bildung des terminalen Methylesters 153 3.25.1 Heterologe Expression von MelK und MelJ∆108-335 in S. aurantiaca DW4/3-1 154 3.26 Untersuchung zur Herkunft der Startereinheit der Melithiazolbiosynthese durch Fütterung von D8-DL-Valin 156 3.27 Untersuchung zur Herkunft der O-Methylgruppen des Melithiazols durch Fütterung von [13CH3]-Methionin 157 3.28 Vergleich beider Biosynthesegencluster 158 3.29 Vergleich der A Domäne 158\n4 Diskussion 160 4.1 Das Myxothiazol-Biosynthesegencluster 160 4.2 Modell der Myxothiazolbiosynthese 160 4.3 Mutageneseverfahren zur Erzeugung von markerlosen Mutationen unter Erhalt des Leserahmens 167 4.4 Mutagenesen im Myxothiazol-Biosynthesegencluster 169\n4.4.1 Erzeugung einer Punktmutation innerhalb der vermuteten ER Domäne des ersten Verlängerungsmoduls von MtaB 169 4.4.2 Erzeugung einer Punktmutation innerhalb der KR Domäne des ersten Verlängerungsmoduls von MtaB 170 4.4.3 Erzeugung einer Punktmutation innerhalb der vermuteten O-Methyltransferase Domänen von MtaE und MtaF 171 4.4.4 Deletion der MOX Domäne in MtaG 173\n4.4.4.1 Die MOX Domäne von MtaG katalysiert einen alternativen Kettenfreisetzungs-Mechanismus 175\n4.4.5 Untersuchungen zur irregulären Lage der Doppelbindungen 176 4.5 Untersuchungen zur Entstehung der Bisthiazoleinheit im Myxothiazol 178\n4.5.1 Allgemeine Betrachtung der Heterozyklenbildung 178 4.5.2 Deletion der Oxidationsdomänen von MtaC und MtaD 179 4.5.3 In vitro Experimente zur Entstehung der Bisthiazoleinheit 180\n4.6 Modell der Melithiazolbiosynthese 182 4.7 Heterologe Expression von MelB in S. aurantiaca DW4/3-1 186 4.8 Substitution der A Domäne in MtaD durch die A Domäne aus MelD 188 4.9 Heterologe Expression von MelJ und MelK in S. aurantiaca DW4/3-1 189\nInhaltsverzeichnis V\n4.10 Vergleich des Myxothiazol- und des Melithiazol-Biosynthesegenclusters 191 4.11 Vergleich der an der Myxothiazol- und Melithiazolbiosynthese beteiligten Domänen 192\n4.11.1 Phylogenetischer Vergleich der KS Domänen 192 4.11.2 Phylogenetischer Vergleich der AT Domänen 193 4.11.3 Phylogenetischer Vergleich der ACP Domänen 194 4.11.4 Phylogenetischer Vergleich der KR Domänen 195 4.11.5 Phylogenetischer Vergleich der DH Domänen 196 4.11.6 Phylogenetischer Vergleich der O-MT Domänen 196 4.11.7 Vergleich der Ox Domänen 197 4.11.8 Phylogenetischer Vergleich der HC Domänen 198 4.11.9 Die übrigen Domänen der MTAS und der MELS 198\n5 Zusammenfassung 199 6 Literatur 201\nInhaltsverzeichnis VI\nAbbildungsverzeichnis Abbildung 1.1 Beispiele für mikrobielle Sekundärmetabolite mit pharmakologischer Bedeutung 1 Abbildung 1.2 Übersicht myxobakterieller Sekundärmetabolite 2 Abbildung 1.3 Aktivierung von Acyl Carrier Proteinen und Peptidyl Carrier Proteinen 6 Abbildung 1.4 Ablauf der Polyketidbiosynthese 7 Abbildung 1.5 Die optionalen Domänen von Polyketidsynthasen 8 Abbildung 1.6 Ablauf der nichtribosomalen Peptidbiosynthese 10 Abbildung 1.7 Die optionalen Domänen nichtribosomaler Peptidsynthetasen 11 Abbildung 1.8 Die biogenetischen Bausteine des Myxothiazols 13 Abbildung 1.9 Struktureller Vergleich der Atmungsketteninhibitoren Myxothiazol und Melithiazol 13 Abbildung 3.1 Die Genanordnung des Myxothiazol-Biosynthesegenclusters 72 Abbildung 3.2 Sequenzvergleich der an der Myxothiazolbiosynthese beteiligten KS Domänen 76 Abbildung 3.3 Sequenzvergleich der an der Myxothiazolbiosynthese beteiligten AT Domänen 78 Abbildung 3.4 Sequenzvergleich der an der Myxothiazolbiosynthese beteiligten KR Domänen 79 Abbildung 3.5 Sequenzvergleich der an der Myxothiazolbiosynthese beteiligten DH Domänen 79 Abbildung 3.6 Sequenzvergleich der an der Myxothiazolbiosynthese beteiligten O-MT Domänen 80 Abbildung 3.7 Sequenzvergleich der an der Myxothiazolbiosynthese beteiligten ACP und PCP Domänen 81 Abbildung 3.8 Sequenzanalyse der an der Myxothiazolbiosynthese beteiligten C Domäne 81 Abbildung 3.9 Sequenzvergleich der an der Myxothiazolbiosynthese beteiligten A Domänen 82 Abbildung 3.10 Sequenzvergleich der an der Myxothiazolbiosynthese beteiligten HC Domänen 84 Abbildung 3.11 Sequenzvergleich der in myxobakteriellen NRPSs gefundenen Ox Domänen 85 Abbildung 3.12 Analyse der MOX Domäne von MtaG 86 Abbildung 3.13 Analyse der TE Domäne 86 Abbildung 3.14 Allgemeines Mutagenese-Schema zur Erzeugung von markerlosen Mutationen und Deletionen unter Erhalt des Leserahmens 89 Abbildung 3.15 Die Klonierungsstrategien der erzeugten Mutageneseplasmide 90 Abbildung 3.16 Die Punktmutationen innerhalb der vermuteten ER Domäne des ersten Verlängerungsmoduls von MtaB 92 Abbildung 3.17 (A) Thiazolin-Thiazol Derivat des Myxothiazols; (B) Bisthiazolin Derivat des Myxothiazols; C) Myxothiazol Derivat mit regulärer Lage der Doppelbindungen 93 Abbildung 3.18 Die Punktmutationen innerhalb der KR Domäne des ersten Verlängerungsmoduls von MtaB 94 Abbildung 3.19 10-Ketoderivat des Myxothiazols 95 Abbildung 3.20 Strategie zur Deletion der Ox Domäne von MtaC 97 Abbildung 3.21 Thiazolin-Thiazol-Derivat des Myxothiazols 97 Abbildung 3.22 Deletion der Oxidationsdomäne von MtaC 99 Abbildung 3.23 PCR-Analyse der nach der zweiten homologen Rekombination erhaltenen Mutanten 100 Abbildung 3.24 HPLC Analyse der Extrakte von S. aurantiaca DW4/3-1, der Mutante ESW400 und der Mutante ESW392 101 Abbildung 3.25 Thiazol-Thiazolin-Derivat des Myxothiazols 102 Abbildung 3.26 SDS PAGE Gel der gereinigten OX Domäne von MtaC 104 Abbildung 3.27 UV Spektrum des Cofaktors der Ox Domäne von MtaC 105 Abbildung 3.28 (A) Thiazolin-Thiazol-Myxothiazol; (B) Melithiazol K; (C) Melithiazol L 106 Abbildung 3.29 Die Punktmutationen innerhalb der O-MT Domäne von MtaE 108 Abbildung 3.30 18-Desmethyl-Myxothiazol 108 Abbildung 3.31 Die 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{"citationid":1045487740,"citingcorpusid":111332125,"citedcorpusid":128497880,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2010), and in the Salton Trough area (Dorsey et al. 2011) at that time.","…Salton Trough regions show no evidence for marine conditions, as rift valleys were filling with nonmarine sediments in coastal Sonora (Darin 2011; Bennett et al. 2013a), northeastern Baja California (Lewis 1996; Seiler et al. 2010), and in the Salton Trough area (Dorsey et al. 2011) at that time."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":130251543,"citingcorpusid":26429804,"citedcorpusid":8630534,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As recommended previously (3, 5, 12, 13, 14), Pplat was used as a principal indicator of change in DHI."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3143237535,"citingcorpusid":225967793,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…dos direitos\nhumanos ao lado do Direito Humanitário6 e da Liga das Nações, a Organização Internacional do Trabalho criada após a Primeira Guerra Mundial, estabelecendo condições internacionais de trabalho e bem-estar, marcam o processo de internacionalização dos direitos humanos (PIOVESAN, 2013).","(PIOVESAN, 2013, p. 188).","(Wolkmer, 2015, p. 69-70)\nSob outra concepção, de acordo com Piovesan (2013) o estudo da\nhistoricidade dos direitos humanos o aprofundamento sobre os precedentes históricos proporcionaram “o processo de internacionalização e universalização dos direitos humanos, que, por sua vez, implicou na…","…e universalização dos direitos humanos, que, por sua vez, implicou na criação da sistemática normativa internacional de proteção desses direitos” contemplando o “Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos, como fonte dos tratados de proteção desses mesmos direitos” (PIOVESAN, 2013, p. 187)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1122481817,"citingcorpusid":146627267,"citedcorpusid":142195601,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…so hidden gender, class, and racial biases; that students are perhaps unknowingly being groomed for capitalist production by attending universities when they think they are learning „neutral‟ knowledge, and so on (e.g., Ng, Staton, & Scane, 1995; Popkewitz & Brennan, 1998; Trifonas & Peters, 2004)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4086546667,"citingcorpusid":257766714,"citedcorpusid":232404386,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["ResultsinFig.7(a)indicatethatourcompatibleNTSCC+ canachieve fine continuous rate control and SNR adaptation in a single model, which can effectively reduce computational and storage cost during model training and deployment.","We also consider the emerging end-to-end learned image compression methods incudes Ballé et al. 2018 [12], Minnen et al. 2018 [16], and He et al. 2021 [17] for comparison.","Our approach is named compatible NTSCC .","They are raising the challenges to the traditional separate development routes of source compression and channel transmission domains."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1042905581,"citingcorpusid":107291809,"citedcorpusid":108837376,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some of these models for MR dampers include the Hyper-Tangent model [Bass and Christenson, 2007], the Bouc-Wen model [Spencer et al, 1997], the Viscous plus Dahl model [Aguirre et al, 2008], and the Algebraic model [Choi et al, 2001; Song et al, 2005]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4115836799,"citingcorpusid":257766714,"citedcorpusid":208981547,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Our problem is inherently equivalent to formulate response functions [25] φ∗(λ, ν) and θ∗(λ, ν), which map the distortion weight λ and the channel SNR ν to the optimal transformation and JSCC codec parameters trained with such λ and ν."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":588128128,"citingcorpusid":55081578,"citedcorpusid":120298846,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["7 μm channels is used as an indicator of cloud phase (Strabala et al., 1994).","The difference of brightness temperatures in the 12.0 and 8.7 µm channels is used as an indicator of cloud phase (Strabala et al., 1994)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3429422280,"citingcorpusid":237303805,"citedcorpusid":222377595,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This paper considers the following problem [4, 32].","In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2019) [32] Zhuang, J., Tang, T., Ding, Y., Tatikonda, S., Dvornek, N., Papademetris, X., Duncan, J.S.: AdaBelief optimizer: Adapting stepsizes by the belief in observed gradients.","In [12], a method was presented to unify useful adaptive methods such as AMSGrad and AdaBelief, and it was shown that the method with αk = 1/ √ k has an O(1/ √ K) convergence rate, which improves on the results in [4, 32].","Convergence analyses of adaptive methods for nonconvex optimization were studied in [6, 4, 32, 12].","The useful optimizers, such as N-Momentum, AMSGrad, AMSBound, and AdaBelief (Table 3), all satisfy the following conditions:\nAssumption 2.2.","In this paper, we consider the following algorithm (Algorithm 1), which is a unified algorithm for useful optimizers, for example, N-Momentum [19, 27], AMSGrad [21, 4], AMSBound [15], and AdaBelief [32], listed in Table 3 in Appendix.","AdaBelief (named for adapting stepsizes by the belief in observed gradients) using αk = 1/ √ k has O(logK/ √ K) convergence [32]."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],["methodology"],null,["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2210083,"citingcorpusid":14136308,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There are recently reported researches such as thermoelectric power generation from CPU waste heat [5-7], Si-Ge based TEGs applied to gasoline engine vehicles [5], bismuth telluride based TEGs applied to diesel engines [9], thermoelectric power generation systems applied to generate the electricity from municipal waste heat [10], a thermoelectric power generator using solar heating [11], etc."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3631800087,"citingcorpusid":245172773,"citedcorpusid":222377595,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["We trained MIDeepBR using the adabelief [Zhuang et al. 2020] optimizer, with learning rate of 0.00001 for 100 epochs."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2331493472,"citingcorpusid":86906141,"citedcorpusid":28274107,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["On the other hand, temporal differences in isotopic ratios of macroalgae could be caused by changes in the biochemical processes during their growth cycle (Fredriksen 2003) and by the use of different N sources by primary producers throughout the year (Viana & Bode 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2162071102,"citingcorpusid":20929067,"citedcorpusid":22300939,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["New imaging devices that allow for quantitative analysis of RNFL thickness, such as scanning laser polarimetry (GDx) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), provide a breakthrough for establishing a glaucoma diagnosis, and in some cases, for early glaucoma detection even before perimetric changes have been established.(8) 9 Theoretically, these techniques will provide better or at least equal performance compared with the well-known and clinically tested red-free RNFL imaging, but the efficacy of the new technology in detecting very early glaucomatous defects requires further validation."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":811405877,"citingcorpusid":12675483,"citedcorpusid":83389609,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition to tumor induction in vivo (2), studies with cells have shown that transformation can be induced in vitro by 254-nm light (5, 22, 27) or by a polychromatic emission of longer wavelength (24).","light (and particularly UV light) is known to be cytotoxic (10, 42), mutagenic (20), and oncogenic (2)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":811405144,"citingcorpusid":12675483,"citedcorpusid":21350765,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition to activity resulting from naturally occurring chromophores like DNA, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (42) and porphyrins (8) are examples of chemicals usually foreign to cells that are capable of pho tosensitizing mammalian cells.","preceded and contributed to it (10, 14, 16, 42), several clones of V79 Chinese hamster cells were used.","The methods used for the cultivation of these clones and for the assessment of survival by colony formation have been described and have remained essentially unchanged (10, 14, 16, 42) except as noted below.","These results were obtained with the particular clones of cells that were used in this study and are similar to data that have been already published (10, 42).","light (and particularly UV light) is known to be cytotoxic (10, 42), mutagenic (20), and oncogenic (2)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":915019173,"citingcorpusid":15517758,"citedcorpusid":119577578,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["If we replace the q = n/s zeros in each column of A by a permutation of 0, . . . , q − 1, replace the q ones by a permutation of q, . . . ,2q − 1, and so on, we obtain an orthogonal array (OA)-based Latin hypercube that achieves stratification up to t dimensions [Tang (1993)].","M E\n] 2\n8 A\nug 2\n01 4\nThe Annals of Statistics 2014, Vol. 42, No. 4, 1394–1425 DOI: 10.1214/14-AOS1229 c© Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 2014"],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":1219434468,"citingcorpusid":73059391,"citedcorpusid":42257934,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["imaging [57] and as high as 83% to 97% in the young patient seen at arthroscopy [58,59]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1792962662,"citingcorpusid":15275641,"citedcorpusid":25912347,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Incremental PEEP application was associated with a concomitant decrease in tonic EAdi, which was reversible [9].","In the event of high tonic Edi, cNAVA may provide too high levels of expiratory pressure, possibly compromising hemodynamics [40] or causing apnea [9] However, in the present study, we did not observe such high end-expiratory pressures (highest 6 cm H2O), and apnea was never observed.","Allo [9] and Beck [10], both showed after ALI induced by HCl (lung collapse, altered lung compliance, edema) that diaphragm electrical activity was increased during the exhalation period (also known as “tonic EAdi”, in rabbits who were intubated without PEEP (upper airways could not participate in EELV maintenance).","This tonic EAdi is abolished by vagotomy [9].","A gradual step-wise application of PEEP showed a dose–response reduction in tonic activity [9] and reinstitution of phasic breathing.","Application of PEEP reduces tonic EAdi [9, 10, 23].","In intubated animals with acute lung injury (reduced compliance, edema, and atelectasis), removal of positive end expiration pressure (PEEP) causes an increased EAditonic (with a concomitant loss of the cyclic “phasic EAdi”) [9, 10].","Animal preparation has been previously described in detail [9, 13]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],null,["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2566622329,"citingcorpusid":220913541,"citedcorpusid":153533250,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…(a) Light, whose recent work (2000) delineates four sets of these pressures, has written the book’s foreword and (b) recent research from Stevens’s own Twin Cities area (Galaskiewicz & Bielefeld, 1998) found notable evidence of effects from the “niche” in which the specific organization resides."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1947971112,"citingcorpusid":3228045,"citedcorpusid":572756,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Examples are the polarimetric SAR interferometry for measuring forest height, multi-pass coherence tomography for determining the vertical structure of vegetation and ice, the utilization of the latest digital beamforming techniques in combination with a large deployable reflector for increasing the swath width and imaging resolution, as well as the formation flying of two cooperative radar satellites with adjustable spacing for single-pass interferometry [5].","Existing remote sensing configurations are often inadequate in terms of imaging performance and/or measurement resolution and accuracy for drawing reliable conclusions on largescale processes and their dynamics [3], [5], [6], [7]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4056002649,"citingcorpusid":252148761,"citedcorpusid":17305606,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Yuan [19] models the gray-level cumulative distribution of histogram-equalized images as a discrete identity function and then matches it with observed gray-level cumulative distribution to identify the use of global histogram equalization.","Basedonthis idea, some detection methods using the statistical characteristics of the histogram have been proposed [18], [19], [20], [21], [22].","Previous manipulated image detection methods [18], [19], [20], [21], [22] perform feature extraction from a whole gray-level range, thus achieving reduced classification accuracy without adequately handling the issue.","Since the discrimination power of their proposed features is not good enough, each existing method can detect only one type of contrast enhancement manipulation, either histogram equalization [18], [19], [20] or gamma correction [21], [22].","The typical global image manipulations [7] include filtering operation [8], [9], [10], [11], JPEG compression [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], and contrast enhancement [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2118849962,"citingcorpusid":219743686,"citedcorpusid":216222393,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["MARKET SIZE [3, 712, 14, 16, 20, 21] India is the most digitally advanced traveller nation in terms of digital tools being used for planning, booking and","INTRODUCTION([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19]) The coronavirus outbreak has paralysed the tourism business, leaving travellers scrambling to return home and devastating economies that are largely dependent on tourism.","MARKET SIZE [3, 712, 14, 16, 20, 21]\nIndia is the most digitally advanced traveller nation in terms of digital tools being used for planning, booking and experiencing a journey, India’s rising middle class and increasing disposable incomes has continued to support the growth of domestic and outbound tourism.","INTRODUCTION[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19]\nThe coronavirus outbreak has paralysed the\ntourism business, leaving travellers scrambling to return home and devastating economies that are largely dependent on tourism."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":1397893427,"citingcorpusid":167872037,"citedcorpusid":13931768,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However supply creates its own demand for employment (Carlssona et al., 2006).","Demand-oriented models by Keynes (1936), point to wages and aggregate demand as key factors which determine employment while the search-matching theory by Carlssona et al. (2006), asserted labour supply (unemployment) to have a direct effect on job creation.","The theory purports that unemployment arises because it takes time for workers and firms to find each other, which is regarded as friction (Carlssona et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":592791660,"citingcorpusid":55110468,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Neak (2005) also employs this model to investigate the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and Cambodia’s trade; however, the estimates may be biased due to omitted variable problems and the use of nominal values of trade and FDI without correcting for price changes.","9 Neak (2005) also finds an insignificant relationship between ASEAN and trade in his OLS estimation.","3 Neak (2005) does not examine the impacts of exchange rate uncertainty on trade due to the dollarization of the Cambodian economy.\nmeans higher transportation costs, discouraging trade while the bordered countries seem to trade more."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3471833920,"citingcorpusid":229696789,"citedcorpusid":246214149,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While the idea of organising the brain in terms of gradients is relaively new in neuroimaging, the concept itself has been evinced across odalities and species for more than 100 years ( Vogt and Vogt, 1919 ; lechsig 1920 ; Hopf, 1954a , b , 1955 , 1956 , 1968a , 1969 , 1970b )."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":842766813,"citingcorpusid":16795932,"citedcorpusid":246214149,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Further parcellation f PAC has led to a variety of maps by different authors n which homologies of putative architectonic areas are ifficult to ascertain (von Economo and Koskinas, 925; von Economo and Horn, 1930; Hopf, 1954; Braak, 980; Galaburda and Sanides, 1980; Rivier and Clarke, 997; Clarke and Rivier, 1998).","…PAC has led to a variety of maps by different authors in which homologies of putative architectonic areas are difficult to ascertain (von Economo and Koskinas, 1925; von Economo and Horn, 1930; Hopf, 1954; Braak, 1980; Galaburda and Sanides, 1980; Rivier and Clarke, 1997; Clarke and Rivier, 1998)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2376897099,"citingcorpusid":119212487,"citedcorpusid":38217166,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Low Eddington ratios may indeed imply a transition from a standard accretion disk to an advection-dominated accretion flow (Ichimaru 1977; Rees et al. 1982; Narayan & Yi 1994, 1995a,b; Abramowicz et al. 1995), eff ctively truncating the accretion disk and removing cold material from the inner parts…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":212435161,"citingcorpusid":10813107,"citedcorpusid":37814186,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["So an advanced ES mechanism is needed in LTE-A relay systems, and it can be inspired from the research topics discussed in the following subsections."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2376895731,"citingcorpusid":119212487,"citedcorpusid":119432847,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Galaxies: active – Galaxies: nuclei – Galaxies: Seyferts – Galaxies: individual: Mrk 509 – X-rays: galaxies","They also found that the shape of the EUVE spectrum is consistent with that in UV and soft X-rays.","The advent of sensitive telescopes in the hard X-rays like NuSTAR and in the future ASTRO-H shall provide very useful constraints on the originof the soft-excess.","The X-ray spectrum of Seyfert galaxies is typically characterized by a power-law continuum with reflection features, absorption and often an excess in the soft X-rays (Halpern 1984; Turner & Pounds 1989).","In this configuration, a primary source of X-rays is located close to a central black hole and is illuminating both the\nobserver at infinity and the accretion disk.","This high reflection factor again implies a reflection-dominated spectrum in hard X-rays, which is not supported by the INTEGRAL data.","More than 50% of Seyfert 1 galaxies show the presence of a soft X-ray excess called soft-excess (Halpern 1984; Turner & Pounds 1989), a soft X-ray emission below∼ 2 keV in excess of the extrapolation of the hard X-ray continuum.","Edelson et al. (1996) found a correlation between variabilities in X-rays, UV and optical bands in NGC 4151.","The excess of variability in the soft-excess is not compatible with the hypothesis of reflection of hard X-rays, unless the reflection parameters change.\nshort time scale, Fshortvar (1 ks.","A large, slow variation of the soft-excess without counterpart in the hard X-rays could be explained by a changein ionization of the reflector."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],null,null,["background"],null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":184792217,"citingcorpusid":16022904,"citedcorpusid":2206095,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For more details on the surgery see (Shamma et al., 1993).","(3), the response should be a pure 8 Hz sinusoid, with amplitude and phase determined by MTFST [8, 0.2].","In each penetration, cells were typically isolated at depths of 350–600 µm corresponding to cortical layers III and IV (Shamma et al., 1993).","However, no two Fourier components in a given stimulus share the same value of |w| (they are temporally orthogonal; their temporal correlation is zero); therefore, each spectrotemporal modulation frequency in the stimulus will evoke a different temporal frequency in the linear part of the response."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1977952098,"citingcorpusid":156001494,"citedcorpusid":167503721,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, Bitner (1990) proposed that WOM can affect customers’ perceptions of the performance of service providers, as well as customers’ expectations regarding quality."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1977950720,"citingcorpusid":156001494,"citedcorpusid":41401994,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In line with CEM, if the attributes for selecting restaurants have a higher value, these have in turn a positive impact on customers’ satisfaction, loyalty, intention to purchase and intention to revisit (Burton, Sheather, and Roberts 2003; Olorunnuwo and Hsu 2006; varki and Colgate 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":257630160,"citingcorpusid":263389,"citedcorpusid":10697869,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Using another RNAseq dataset from previous study (Gill et al., 2014), we observed a dramatic increase of WNT5A expression and GdEC signature in nonenhancing (NE) regions versus contrast-enhancing (CE) regions from 27 different GBM patients (Figures S7H and S7I)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1625117269,"citingcorpusid":115609007,"citedcorpusid":17719457,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To improve this situation Yamaleev and Carpenter [78] – [80] have introduced energy stable modifications for existing WENO schemes.","With their systematic methodology (see [78] and [80]) they have constructed ESWENO schemes for both upwind biased and centered finite differences."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1636902655,"citingcorpusid":54656367,"citedcorpusid":39129211,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["HCV RNA has been demonstrated in semen [37], saliva [38], bile [39], feces [40], cervical smears [41], cornea [42], tear fluid [43], toothbrushes [38], and ticks [44]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3581855396,"citingcorpusid":240538773,"citedcorpusid":17763503,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…product (or engage in leasing/servicizing) at sufficiently high discount levels—that is, the market is homogeneous and not segmented (Agrawal et al., 2012; Aras et al., 2011; Atasu et al., 2008; Debo et al., 2005; Geyer et al., 2007; Robotis et al., 2012; van Loon et al., 2017; 2020)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":563651966,"citingcorpusid":54553072,"citedcorpusid":18142424,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["On the other hand, Rice (1993) strongly argued that the complexity comes from the self-organized models and the BK models has been sensitive to the (inherent) spatial discretizations used.","On the other hand, Rice (1993) strongly argued that all of simulation results from the self-organizingmodels have been sensitive to the spatial discretization used.","The one-state-variable, velocityand state-dependent friction strength, μ, which employs a state variable, θ , defined by Ruina (1983), has a form of μ = μo +a ln(v/vo)+b ln(θvo/Dc), where μo is the breaking strength (or the static friction strength), v is the sliding velocity, vo is a constant reference velocity, and Dc is the characteristic slip distance."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3263395251,"citingcorpusid":225394083,"citedcorpusid":44229943,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", thoughts as dangerous; need to control thoughts) have been associated with a range of mental disorders (Sun et al. 2017).","Similarly, “dysfunctional” metacognitive beliefs (e.g., thoughts as dangerous; need to control thoughts) have been associated with a range of mental disorders (Sun et al. 2017)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3263394383,"citingcorpusid":225394083,"citedcorpusid":141010369,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Mindfulness has been described as a mental state, trait or dispositional quality, skill, and type of meditation practice involving a receptive, non-judgmental attentiveness to or awareness of present moment experience (Baer 2014; KabatZinn 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4072707872,"citingcorpusid":21452323,"citedcorpusid":28929783,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This has been added to by recent evidence of the potential of latent antithrombin as an antiangiogenic agent (26, 27)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":591829947,"citingcorpusid":55511806,"citedcorpusid":18142424,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Miller [2002], using the model of Segall and Rice [1995], and therefore neglecting thermal effects, modeled the influence of fluids on earthquake and faulting, assuming the radiation damping approximation (RDA [see, e.g., Rice, 1993]) and a simple constitutive law with two levels of friction.","Miller [2002], using the model of Segall and Rice [1995], and therefore neglecting thermal effects, modeled the influence of fluids on earthquake and faulting, assuming the radiation damping approximation (RDA [see, e.g.,  Rice, 1993 ]) and a simple constitutive law with two levels of friction."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":860257689,"citingcorpusid":6873421,"citedcorpusid":37845016,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Yoshimori (Osaka University).(28) GNS and SGC plasmids were donated by Dr.","indicates impaired fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes or disruption of lysosome function.(28) Here we utilized this system and first established the pattern of GFP and mRFP fluorescence changes in N2a cells after IsoRhy treatment.","established a system using a tandem fluorescent mRFP-GFPLC3 (Tf-LC3) construct to investigate the autophagosome maturation process.(28) mRFP is much more stable than GFP in the acidic/proteolytic condition in lysosome."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":873641263,"citingcorpusid":13983986,"citedcorpusid":43656968,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, some studies have shown a relationship between stress and eating behaviour (Schachter et al., 1968; Reznick and Balch, 1977)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3134119893,"citingcorpusid":225412524,"citedcorpusid":126012913,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Currently, the measurement methods of local two-phase flow parameters can be divided into the following two categories: (1) the photography and image process techniques, having the advantage of lack influence on the flow, usually called visual measurement [16–18] and (2) the point by point measurement [3,19,20], in which optical or electrical signal that can be altered by involved phases."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":252123591,"citingcorpusid":16669229,"citedcorpusid":43656968,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Two other studies (McKenna, 1972; Schachter et al., 1968), which probably did not fulfill these restrictive criteria, did not find a significant increase in eating for fearful obese subjects.","It was intended as an improvement over prior anxietyinduction techniques such as threat of electric shock (Abramson & Wunderlich, 1972; Herman & Polivy, 1975; Reznick & Balch, 1977; Schachter et al., 1968) and threat of blood, urine, and stool sampling (McKenna, 1972)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2489808031,"citingcorpusid":10086725,"citedcorpusid":43656968,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As far as negative emotions are concerned, loss of appetite and reduction of food intake have been considered physiological responses [3,4], whereas an increase in food intake has been considered an inappropriate response to distress [5]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3238277054,"citingcorpusid":231584609,"citedcorpusid":83008344,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, Pol-II cannot recognize the promoter sequence on its own, rather it requires general TFs (GTFs)—TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF and TFIIH [207,208] and are conserved across the eukaryotic species including plants [209]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3629499035,"citingcorpusid":245123974,"citedcorpusid":140723,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["• Planning-based algorithm: Value Iteration [20] • Safe-enhanced algorithm: Robust Value Iteration [21] • RL-based algorithm: Dueling Double Q-Network [22]\nand Policy Proximal Optimization [16]\nValue Iteration (VI) and Robust Value Iteration (RVI) are based on the finite MDP abstracted by the environment, and use dynamic-programming methods to optimize the Bellman Equation to get the action on each state.","• Planning-based algorithm: Value Iteration [20] • Safe-enhanced algorithm: Robust Value Iteration [21] • RL-based algorithm: Dueling Double Q-Network [22] and Policy Proximal Optimization [16]"],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2225662849,"citingcorpusid":134500320,"citedcorpusid":130577829,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["and Xie and Chi (2016) [Harbin area, northeastern China].","2016); northeastern Chinese loess (Xie and Chi, 2016); Chinese Loess Plateau (Sun et al.","16 except that in (a), data for northeastern Chinese loess are from Xie and Chi (2016) and data for loess of the Qinling Mountains are from Zhang et al. (2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2192817082,"citingcorpusid":90199017,"citedcorpusid":84891300,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The effects can be both direct through compromised growth and reproduction and indirect through delay of insect establishment on the plants, increasing pest exposure to natural enemies and adverse abiotic conditions (Kvedaras & Keeping, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3370520631,"citingcorpusid":235616240,"citedcorpusid":14652781,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Most of the existing work modeled the scheduling problem as a multi-objective optimization problem and then solve the optimization problem by heuristic algorithms (e.g., Genetic Algorithm) [14], [15].","…scheduling problems, previous work attempted to solve the problem by heuristic solutions, including tuning bus frequency , arranging express bus [10], scheduling with unpredictable events [11], [12], and optimizing timetable based on the trade-off between passengers and bus company[13], [14], [15]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":950887421,"citingcorpusid":14717113,"citedcorpusid":12227785,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These 'efference copies' [Sperry, 1950] prepare the sensory processors for the impact on the sensory systems of the movements of the eyes, head, ears, and body and, most importantly, the efference copies sensitize the sensory cortices selectively by shaping their attractor landscapes to respond…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1979432109,"citingcorpusid":218643890,"citedcorpusid":9340065,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The advent and development of new imaging methods in the last two decades has increased the interest to diagnose axSpA forms in the earlier stages—before structural damage has occurred—aiming at an earlier andmore effective treatment (3, 4, 20, 21)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3795884673,"citingcorpusid":249797006,"citedcorpusid":212664522,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…emerged in the field aiming to identify antecedents and risk factors such as perfectionism (Sorkkila & Aunola, 2020) or outcomes like escape ideation, parental neglect and parental violence (Mikolajczak et al., 2019), as well as possible interventions to help parents cope (Brianda et al., 2020).",", 2019), as well as possible interventions to help parents cope (Brianda et al., 2020)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":865365913,"citingcorpusid":11721249,"citedcorpusid":29102252,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A recent study uses near infrared (NIR) camera to classify several road conditions per every pixel with a high accuracy, the evaluation has been done in laboratory conditions, and field experiments [20]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1571504951,"citingcorpusid":122345349,"citedcorpusid":120732344,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Proc. of SPIE Vol. 8836 88360W-7\nEach measured map was decomposed with standard Zernike [5] terms up to 11 terms and focused on significant changed terms such as power, astigmatism, trefoil and spherical aberration.","Optical quality was measured by a phase shifting interferometer in various loading conditions and the measurements were decomposed by standard Zernike polynomials to concentrate specific surface shapes and to exclude low order shapes as measurement uncertainties.","Each measured map was decomposed with standard Zernike [5] terms up to 11 terms and focused on significant changed terms such as power, astigmatism, trefoil and spherical aberration.","Then the results were compared with testing results by decomposing the surfaces to Zernike polynomials."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],null]}
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{"citationid":1717949166,"citingcorpusid":23428436,"citedcorpusid":22802820,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Specifically, cPLA2 has been shown to preferentially release arachidonic acid, and iPLA2 seems to mediate the release of DHA in rat neurons (Strokin et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":932105299,"citingcorpusid":11838029,"citedcorpusid":22802820,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["EPA can be further elongated and desaturated to DHA in a pathway involving β-oxidation in the peroxisome.","In contrast, iPLA2 may selectively release DHA [86].","From kinetic analyses of fatty acid conversion, it was estimated that conversion of α-LNA to EPA might be as low as 0.2%, conversion of EPA to DPA was estimated at 64%, and conversion of DPA to DHA at 37% [10].","SDC1 is a PPARγ-responsive gene, and we have shown that DHA upregulates syndecan-1 in prostate cancer cells through activation of PPARγ [197].","In the presence of aspirin, COX2 metabolizes EPA and DHA to resolvins.","Interestingly, phospholipids with ω3 PUFA (EPA or DHA) in the sn-2 position are poor substrates for cPLA2 [84, 85].","Moreover, in human and mouse prostate cancer cells lines, syndecan-1 was upregulated by DHA but not EPA.","Dietary fish oil was shown to inhibit TLR4 activity in peripheral blood monocytes from human volunteers [178], and DHA acted as a pan inhibitor of TLRs in a macrophage cell line [179].","Sapieha P, Stahl A, Chen J, et al. 5-Lipoxygenase metabolite 4-HDHA is a mediator of the antiangiogenic effect of {omega}-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.","Therefore, the overall amount of DPA and DHA made from α-LNA would only represent 0.13% and 0.05% of the starting α-LNA amount, respectively.","Syndecan-1 upregulation by DHA has also been demonstrated in human breast cancer cells [2, 198, 199] and in ω3 PUFA-enriched mammary glands and liver of Fat-1 mice (Sun et al., in press).","Both α-LNA-feeding studies and stable isotope studies have consistently demonstrated that increased consumption of α-LNA does not result in increased DHA in plasma or cell lipids (reviewed in [8, 9]).","Both EPA and DHA inhibited VEGF expression and reduced microvessels in tumors arising from HT-29 colon cancer cell transplants in nude mice.","However, conversion of α-LNA to DHA in humans appears to be very inefficient.","Recently, it was proposed that the limited conversion of α-LNA to DHA in HepG2 cells was in part due to a competition of α-LNA and tetracosapentaenoic acid (24:5n-3) for FADS2 [11].","Which metabolites of EPA and DHA are found in prostate tissues and play a major role in suppression of prostate cancer?","In the ω3 series, alpha linolenic acid (α-LNA, 18:3n-3), found at moderate levels in most terrestrial plants, is not converted efficiently to long-chain ω3 PUFA such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3; see below).","Competition between 24:5n-3 and ALA for Delta 6 desaturase may limit the accumulation of DHA in HepG2 cell membranes."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3214000030,"citingcorpusid":229282597,"citedcorpusid":33572142,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["With additional information on current body weight/ideal body weight, the GNRI demonstrated a higher predictive performance of mortality than that of albumin level alone [13] and correlated well with the circumference of the mid-upper arm muscle [14], other nutritional scoring methods [15,16], and the preoperative sarcopenia status of patients [17]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2645033853,"citingcorpusid":25295087,"citedcorpusid":39813475,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The authors further postulated that the lack of impact on the development of acute rejection in IL-18 deficient and IL-18BP-treated mice is probably best explained by redundancy of the cytokine network in the robust T-cell driven allogenic immune response, despite a dampening of the inflammatory cascade [30]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1573466449,"citingcorpusid":132248352,"citedcorpusid":132739024,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2 shows simulated bedrock accelerations at the city center of Pisco [14].","Using as input the ground motion simulated by Pulido et al. (2013) at the outcrop base rock, one-dimensional (1D) equivalent linear seismic response analyses were performed.","The earthquake motions at the depth of the seismic bedrock (Vs = 3,260 m/s) were obtained by numerical simulation [14]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2428338086,"citingcorpusid":141389770,"citedcorpusid":44612798,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Janson and Ryder (1983) used data from 1974 to review the relationship between risk, fear, and age and found a univariate relationship (r = .","Janson and Ryder (1983) used data from 1974 to review the relationship between risk, fear, and age and found a univariate relationship (r = .183; β = .020, p < .01) which was statistically insignificant (r = .004) when other factors were controlled for.","…due to a number of issues (Chadee & Ditton, 2003; Chiricos, Padgett, & Gertz,\n15\n2000; Ferraro, 1995; Ferraro & LaGrange, 1987, 1988, 1992; Janson & Ryder, 1983; LaGrange & Ferraro, 1987; Mullen & Donnermeyer, 1985; Ranzijn & Howells, 2002; Sutton & Farrell, 2005, Taylor & Hale, 1986;…","…other than age that appeared to be more strongly associated with the fear of crime such as victimization rates, housing, gender, and income (Akers, LaGreca, Sellers, & Cochrane, 1987; Burt & Katz, 1985; Gomme, 1988; Janson & Ryder, 1983; Jeffords, 1983; Sacco & Glackman, 1987;\n13\nYin, 1985)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":876060239,"citingcorpusid":17016544,"citedcorpusid":25153441,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Chromogranin A was recently discovered to bind to mutant superoxid dismutase activity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis increasing neurotoxicity [62]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1595030412,"citingcorpusid":94789211,"citedcorpusid":96577387,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…include graphite furnace-AAS (Burguera et al., 1995), flame-AAS (Dapaah et al., 1999; Gomez-Ariza et al., 1999), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (Cheam et al., 1992), anodic stripping voltammetry (Fischer and Van den Berg, 1999; Morales et al., 1999), ICP-AES (Hiraide et al., * To whom all…"],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":3361730234,"citingcorpusid":235390820,"citedcorpusid":6203757,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In recent years, text summarization models are usually trained with the popular CNN/DailyMail [4, 8], Gigaword [11], XSum [9], as well as the DUC 2004 dataset."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":523844238,"citingcorpusid":49330355,"citedcorpusid":62050100,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…content and curriculum, appropriateness and efficacy of technologies, quality and branding of programmes, stakeholders ’ resistance to innovations and the digital divide (gap between those who can benefit from the opportunities offered by ICTs and those who cannot) according to Stevens (2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1040610414,"citingcorpusid":100585652,"citedcorpusid":6203757,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Our dataset is also related to purely text QA datasets such as MCTest [31] which contains 660 short stories with 4 multi-choice QAs each, and [12] which converted 300K news summaries into Cloze-style questions.","In [10, 41], the authors caption video clips using LSTMs, [33] formulates description as a machine translation model, while older work uses templates [3, 8, 18].","QA is a popular task in NLP with significant advances made recently with neural models such as memory networks [36], deep LSTMs [12], and structured prediction [43].","0 CNN+DailyMail [12] 3 - - information abstraction News articles Word 1,000,000* 1* DAQUAR [23] - 3 - visual: counts, colors, objects NYU-RGBD Word/List 12,468 1."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1590865845,"citingcorpusid":92297725,"citedcorpusid":923626,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The self-assembly reconstitution process t simply consists of mixing MSP with lipids solubilized in detergent, followed by removal of the detergent by adsorption to polystyrene beads (Ritchie et al. 2009; Hagn, Nasr, and Wagner 2018).","Two protein based reconstitution systems are currently available; the nanodisc system and more recently developed Salipro method (Ritchie et al. 2009; Frauenfeld et al. 2016).","2016), and the popular nanodisc system (Denisov and Sligar 2016; Ritchie et al. 2009).","reconstitution, or else liposome formation or protein aggregation (Ritchie et al. 2009; Bayburt, Grinkova, and Sligar 2006)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":485489009,"citingcorpusid":52041587,"citedcorpusid":6203757,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Due to the creation of various large-scale datasets (Hermann et al., 2015; Hill et al., 2016; Trischler et al., 2016; Nguyen et al., 2016; Joshi et al., 2017; Kočiskỳ et al., 2018), remarkable advancements have been made in the task of machine reading comprehension.","The task of machine reading comprehension has achieved rapid progress in recent years, evolving from the early cloze-style test (Hermann et al., 2015; Hill et al., 2016), in which the goal is to predict the missing word in a passage, to the answer extraction test (Rajpurkar et al.","Various large-scale reading comprehension datasets, such as cloze-style test (Hermann et al., 2015), answer extraction benchmark (Rajpurkar et al., 2016; Joshi et al., 2017) and answer generation benchmark (Nguyen et al., 2016; Kočiskỳ et al., 2018), have been proposed.","Due to the creation of various large-scale datasets (Hermann et al., 2015; Nguyen et al., 2016; Joshi et al., 2017; Kočiskỳ et al., 2018), remarkable advancements have been made in the task of machine reading comprehension."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1959138319,"citingcorpusid":2239496,"citedcorpusid":6203757,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…bidirectional LSTMs (Graves et al., 2012), seq2seq models (Sutskever et al., 2014), RNNs that take into account the document context (Mikolov & Zweig, 2012) and RNNs that perform attention over their input in various different ways (Bahdanau et al., 2015; Hermann et al., 2015; Rush et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":543744037,"citingcorpusid":35141681,"citedcorpusid":6203757,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Heatmaps have already been established as the preferred method to let the neurons paint a picture because they are able to help pinpoint attentional spikes (Hermann et al., 2015; Bahdanau et al., 2014) and shed light on the semantics of single neurons in a recurrent network (Karpathy et al.","This claim is supported by the fact that CR was shown to be implicitly resolved as part of a larger QA problem (Hermann et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":16793032,"citingcorpusid":2936869,"citedcorpusid":6203757,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) have provided promising results for a variety of reading comprehension and question answering tasks (We-ston et al., 2014; Hermann et al., 2015; Rajpurkar et al., 2016), which require extracting precise information from documents conditioned on a query.","Before exploring unsupervised pre-training, we present summary results for SWEAR in a fully supervised setting, for comparison to previous work on the WikiReading task, namely that of Hewlett et al. (2016) and Choi et al.","steps, leading to forgetting or corruption; Attention can be added to the decoder to solve this problem (Hermann et al., 2015).","The answer may be encountered early in the text and need to be stored across all the further recurrent steps, leading to forgetting or corruption; Attention can be added to the decoder to solve this problem (Hermann et al., 2015).","Following the recent progress on end-to-end supervised question answering (Hermann et al., 2015; Rajpurkar et al., 2016), we consider the general problem of predicting an answer A given a query-document pair ( Q, D ) .","Inspired by recent attention mechanisms such as Hermann et al. (2015), SWEAR attends over the window representations and reduces them into a single vector for each document.","Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) have provided promising results for a variety of reading comprehension and question answering tasks (Weston et al., 2014; Hermann et al., 2015; Rajpurkar et al., 2016), which require extracting precise information from documents conditioned on a query."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":148454265,"citingcorpusid":51720341,"citedcorpusid":6203757,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Recently the attention mechanisms make their way into NLP [11], [13] and vision tasks [21] with the recurrent neural networks and the more general memory networks [25].","There have been some works on tree-structured LSTMs for NLP tasks.","Similar ideas have been employed for NLP tasks such as sentiment classification [26]).","[17] also shows that tree structures are usually necessary for deep learning NLP tasks."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":74136849,"citingcorpusid":4570782,"citedcorpusid":6203757,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several cloze datasets have been proposed in the literature which use heuristics for construction (Hermann et al., 2015; Onishi et al., 2016; Hill et al., 2016)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":340286920,"citingcorpusid":47016928,"citedcorpusid":6203757,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The paradigm of such datasets ranges from cloze test (Hermann et al., 2015; Hill et al., 2015), multiple choice (Lai et al., 2017), span extraction (Rajpurkar et al., 2016) and answer generation (Nguyen et al., 2016; He et al., 2017).","For early cloze-style and multiple choice datasets (Richardson et al., 2013; Hermann et al., 2015), this may not be problematic."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1714638887,"citingcorpusid":207897186,"citedcorpusid":6203757,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In order to dynamically point to more related messages in the thread history, we use an one-way attention, which has been successfully adopted in many NLP tasks (Tan et al., 2016; Hermann et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":880502117,"citingcorpusid":15432628,"citedcorpusid":23836422,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Swedish eggswere stored at 12 °C for nomore than 3 days until the start of artificial incubation (incubators: Ruvmax, Stockholm, Sweden).","Before statistical analysis, all proportions were logit-transformed (log10(y/[1-y])), as recommended for proportional data (Warton and Hui 2011), and the ratio between total ω-6 PUFAs and total ω-3 PUFAs was log10transformed."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":1173802709,"citingcorpusid":15432628,"citedcorpusid":43176405,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Finally, food, as well as specific nutrients, is often a limited resource for wild animals, which can constrain reproductive investment either via the number or quality of offspring (Smith et al. 1989; Blount et al. 2004; Williams 2005).","As egg production is nutritionally demanding (Williams 2005), a classical trade-off between egg number and egg quality in terms of ω-3 PUFA content could be expected, with eggs from larger clutches containing a lower proportion of ω-3 PUFA compared to eggs from smaller clutches."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":4060643941,"citingcorpusid":242044281,"citedcorpusid":198602026,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["During this time, the relationship underlies special mechanisms, and can be characterized by selfdependent lives (Baltes & Silverberg, 1994).","In adulthood, children and parents can be seen as interdependent, and show a high degree of individuality and connectedness (Baltes & Silverberg, 1994; Smollar & Youniss, 1989).","The phase of life when children have grown to be adults and do not depend financially on their parents anymore, and the parents do not depend on their children’s support, like in old age, is known as psychological interdependent (Baltes & Silverberg, 1994; Kagitcibasi, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3795678313,"citingcorpusid":249834384,"citedcorpusid":211191781,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Complications of IE were defined as follows: septic shock (the presence of an acute circulatory failure in sepsis, characterized by persistent arterial hypotension—ie, systolic pressure < 90 mmHg despite adequate volume resuscitation); embolic events, including intracranial complications (eg, hemorrhage and infarction) and peripheral embolic events mainly characterized by splenomegaly or splenic embolism; functional class III–IV in accordance with the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification; atrial fibrillation (a common arrhythmia in patients with acute conditions attributed to inflammation and hemodynamic change).(6,12,13) As the main diagnostic methods for IE, transthoracic echocardiogram and blood culture were conducted on all patients.","have recently changed owing to the evolution of medical practice and demographic changes.(6) Moreover, the incidence of IE in elderly patients has increased because of the aging general population and the increased proportion of comorbidities."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2348864071,"citingcorpusid":154709106,"citedcorpusid":167830584,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is also applicable for process innovations as they are mainly derived from new technologies developed by upstream industries (Capitanio, Coppola & Pascucci, 2010; Ettlie & Reza, 1992)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3433205281,"citingcorpusid":237326107,"citedcorpusid":27451771,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For alpha and theta bands, alpha band was significantly lower in AD patients [56,154].","These biomarker features have been reported in previous studies to be important in AD detection [56, 63,154,158–173]."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":2912280612,"citingcorpusid":216338654,"citedcorpusid":153453345,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["On the other hand, several studies show different results where the EKC is not existed in Indonesia [11], [18].","Whether it's panel data or time-series, increasing energy consumption will increase CO 2 emissions [8]–[11]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4057332095,"citingcorpusid":255666612,"citedcorpusid":14966986,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1) Shape Context: Shape context [16] is modified for its favorable performance on the global description."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":323898846,"citingcorpusid":94822,"citedcorpusid":14966986,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["can distinguish between extrinsic and intrinsic descriptors. Extrinsic descriptors usually are derived from the coordinates of the shape in 3D space and includes classical methods like shape context [Belongie et al. 2001], spin images [Johnson and Hebert 1999], integral features [Manay et al. 2006], distance-based descriptors [Ling and Jacobs 2007], point feature histograms [Rusu et al .2009, 2008a], and normal histo"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":897296407,"citingcorpusid":1053619,"citedcorpusid":14966986,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The work by Belongie et al. [3] resulted in extremely good performance, e.g.","The score we use for ranking the set of candidate words is based on deformable matching cost of individual letters, similar to that used by Belongie et al. [3] used for matching handwritten characters.","Belongie et al. [2] [3] introduced the shape context descriptor based on such a representation and used it in a deformable template approach to match handwritten digits and 3D objects."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1193221797,"citingcorpusid":192556132,"citedcorpusid":14966986,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In [8] we go beyond point signatures and develop the intrinsic shape context (ISC), a generalization of shape contexts [9] to surfaces.","In [8] we employ a geometrybased surface charting technique to generalize shape-context [9] to surfaces, and thereby construct meta-descriptors with increased discriminative ability.","This however leaves a geometric way of representing shape, as in the second sense, to be desired: the use of geometric information coming in the form of contours has delivered results in computer vision tasks as diverse and challenging as 3D instance recognition [4–7] tracking [8, 9] and surface reconstruction [10–15]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":177830102,"citingcorpusid":15892599,"citedcorpusid":14966986,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Then Shape Context [1] method is used to do shape matching.","For this one a Shape Context [1] was introduced.","Since in the Shape Context [1] the descriptor is represented as the radial distances from one point to all other points on the shape.","Shape Context [1] is a new method proposed by Serge Belongie, Jitendra Malik and Jan Puzicha for Shape Matching.","The Shape Context [1] tries to eliminate the effects of noise by using the logpolar histograms.","Shape Context [1] is a new method for shape matching, which achieves the significant results than the previous methods."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":1105529497,"citingcorpusid":140370793,"citedcorpusid":144822378,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2% of adults diagnosed with ADHD meeting criteria for this subtype (Biederman et al., 1993; Millstein et al., 1997).","Only approximately 9% of children and only 2% of adults diagnosed with ADHD meeting criteria for this subtype (Biederman et al., 1993; Millstein et al., 1997).","This proportion drops markedly in adulthood with some studies suggesting prevalence rates of approximately 56% of ADHD adults\nRisk-Taking in Adult ADHD 11\nwith ADHD-C versus 37% with ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive-Type (Millstein et al., 1997)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1120526034,"citingcorpusid":146389319,"citedcorpusid":142631393,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["An all-boys leadership academy may encourage boys to drop the “cool pose” often present when grouped with girls (Cox, 2006; Pollack, 1998, pp. 23-25) that is contingent on displaying traditional hegemonic macho qualities, including a lack of interest in school and homework, rebellion, autonomy,…","Pollack (1998) describes a so-called “Boy Code” which delineates traditional gender roles for boys, in which—like “sturdy oaks”—boys are encouraged to be stoic, stable, independent, and never show weakness; boys are pressured to achieve status, dominance, and power, and to avoid shame at all costs…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1120527672,"citingcorpusid":146389319,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Boys Project counts amongst its Board members William Farrell, author of several renowned books on males and masculinities (see, Farrell, 1993, 2005), Kevin Jennings (2005), well-known advocate for LGBT rights and advocacy, and William Pollock (1998, 2000), author of best-selling books on boyhood and boys’ voices.","…counts amongst its Board members William Farrell, author of several renowned books on males and masculinities (see, Farrell, 1993, 2005), Kevin Jennings (2005), well-known advocate for LGBT rights and advocacy, and William Pollock (1998, 2000), author of best-selling books on boyhood and…"],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1531682158,"citingcorpusid":13765340,"citedcorpusid":3351332,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The drug was shown in a Phase II trial to exert promising antitumor efficacy in both advanced HCC patients who received it as first-line therapy and as second-line treatment (21), with a response rate of 23.","Lenvatinib is an orally active inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, VEGFR 1–3, FGFR 1–4, PDGFRα, Rearranged during Transfection (RET), and KIT (18,20,21)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3267876382,"citingcorpusid":129243462,"citedcorpusid":129583050,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…but these ecosystems are likely to face increasing pressure from hydrological alteration through water abstraction for hydropower or irrigation [Bratrich et al., 2004; Stevaux et al., 2009], changes in land use patterns [Downing et al., 1999], increased nutrient loading, or greater climatic…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3379385758,"citingcorpusid":235761522,"citedcorpusid":67788685,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["the best stratified risk, patient outcomes may be improved with the decreasing of DP owing to changes in ventilator settings such as VT (9), and the mechanical power also showed a strong correlation with mortality risk (10).","This means higher mechanical energy and a higher risk of ventilator-related lung injury (9, 10)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1297805558,"citingcorpusid":151130315,"citedcorpusid":33409537,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It has been suggested by Graff and Green (2004) that conditional discriminations\nmay be too complex for some students.","Even though extensive research has been done on visual discriminations, there are still students who struggle to acquire those skills (Graff & Green, 2004; Green, 2001; Saunders & Spradlin, 1990; Serna, Dube, & McIlvane, 1997).","By first training on simple discriminations, it can potentially help to facilitate the acquisition of conditional discriminations (Dube & Serna, 1998; Graff & Green, 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1719959895,"citingcorpusid":209374286,"citedcorpusid":246216702,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and sciences) in British society, and his view that this disconnect was a hindrance to solving the world’s problems, there have been persistent arguments that little is to be gained by juxtaposing different spheres of intellectual enquiry with the sciences (e.g. Elkins, 2009; Wolpert, 2002)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3483085700,"citingcorpusid":236914571,"citedcorpusid":86034896,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["L. albovittata, whose habitat is characterized by tall grasses and forest areas, live especially on herbaceous and perennial plants (Zöller & Detzel, 1996; Bolz, 1998; Sevgili, 2004; Ünal, 2005, 2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1900234443,"citingcorpusid":206359651,"citedcorpusid":23314346,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Interestingly, carriage of the so-called share epitope, comprising\nHLA-DRB1*04, interacts with smoking to increase the risk of\nrheumatoid arthritis (Klareskog et al., 2006; Linn-Rasker et al.,\n2006; Källberg et al., 2007; Lundström et al., 2009; Mahdi\net al., 2009; Karlsson et al., 2010).","Interestingly, carriage of the so-called share epitope, comprising HLA-DRB1*04, interacts with smoking to increase the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (Klareskog et al., 2006; Linn-Rasker et al., 2006; Källberg et al., 2007; Lundström et al., 2009; Mahdi et al., 2009; Karlsson et al., 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4027996838,"citingcorpusid":255348793,"citedcorpusid":26214780,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(z. B. Sparr und Sonnentags 2008 Thomas und Lankau 2009; van Dierendonck et al. 2004)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1144226134,"citingcorpusid":154941873,"citedcorpusid":154132330,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Other studies have considered the particular characteristics of the Indian market, including the prominence of unilateral projects (Krey 2005; Michaelowa 2007), the role of India’s Designated National Authority (DNA) in CDM governance (Ganapati and Lui 2009) or the role the perspective of firms in…","…issues on the functioning of aspects of the CDM market in India, including the performance of specific technologies (Kathuria 2002; Purohit and Michaelowa 2007, 2008; Purohit 2008, 2009); forms of technology transfer (Ockwell et al. 2008; Dechezleprêtre et al 2008; Das 2011); empirical…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":869629807,"citingcorpusid":2171443,"citedcorpusid":73658553,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These effects are often heightened by the resilience and rapid growth of mesopredator populations, particularly in the presence of human settlements [5]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1687056601,"citingcorpusid":85532596,"citedcorpusid":14105544,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several combinatorial properties of these sequences can be found in [2, 7, 11, 12, 13, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 36].","Though some ideas were already mentioned in early works, as in the fundamental book of Comtet [13], recently the topic started to win again interests and more research groups are concerned with it ([7], [12], [16], [21], [22], [26], [28], [36])."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2747947259,"citingcorpusid":17853536,"citedcorpusid":152567009,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Of these two forces, increases in per capita spending resulting largely from advances in medical technology (see Murphy and Topel 2003; Cutler and McClellan 2001; and Berndt et al. 2000) are by far the more powerful.","…would be a calamity because abundant evidence suggests that medical research is in the early stages of an era during which it will generate enormous net benefits, even if considerable waste occurs at the margin (see Murphy and Topel 2003; Cutler and McClellan 2001; and Berndt et al. 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3029971027,"citingcorpusid":145384049,"citedcorpusid":152416132,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although literature once played a significant role in language study, its prominence faded as linguistics became the focal point of language programs (Widdowson 1982). Linguists such as Topping (1968) argue that literature should be excluded from the ESL curriculum because of its structural complexity, lack of conformity to standard grammatical rules, and remote cultural perspective."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4004198177,"citingcorpusid":254549925,"citedcorpusid":220643791,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", engineering and business), gender balance has been found to affect female students’ sense of belonging and their subsequent desire to participate (Murphy et al. 2007).","In academic disciplines that are predominately male (e.g., engineering and business), gender balance has been found to affect female students’ sense of belonging and their subsequent desire to participate (Murphy et al. 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4004198105,"citingcorpusid":254549925,"citedcorpusid":188494204,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In response to the increased scrutiny on closing the gender gap in business schools, many schools have focused on cultivating a more diverse student body (Flynn et al. 2016).","Implications for building gender equity in higher education\nIn response to the increased scrutiny on closing the gender gap in business schools, many schools have focused on cultivating a more diverse student body (Flynn et al. 2016).","While some faculty may believe the “glass ceiling” has been shattered and that gender biases are no longer impacting management education (Flynn, Cavanagh, and Bilimoria 2016), our findings suggest that the effect of gender biases on learning and teaching is not shattered.","Women comprise 47% of the entire undergraduate student population which is slightly above the US national average of 43% (Flynn et al. 2016)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1785302092,"citingcorpusid":867340,"citedcorpusid":25262026,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["There was no cue delay because the beer mug did not change color.","According to Ansorge and Wühr (2004), this could influence the response mapping in the go/no-go task.","Our study replicated previous findings (Bub & Masson, 2010) that an object’s graspable part elicited faster reaction times if the side of the graspable part and the response hand were aligned than if they were misaligned.","This order was used because task demands can carry over in a go/no-go task if it is preceded by a CRT (Ansorge & Wühr, 2004), presumably because earlier task demands can carry over spatial response representations to the go/no-go task."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["result"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3477570797,"citingcorpusid":226555999,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…a partir de brotes que crecen en la inorescencia: las ores envejecidas forman nuevos brotes que emergen de las axilas de la bráctea roja; cuando estas caen, los brotes que han emergido tocan el sustrato y producen raíces adventicias que les permiten crecer como una nueva planta (Hoyos, 1998).","Las plantas de A. purpurata se propagan naturalmente a través de métodos clonales y sexuales (Hoyos, 1998).","Alternativamente, la formación de rizomas produce brotes subterráneos que emergen y se desarrollan en nuevos tallos, de modo que se convierten en nuevas plantas unidas en la base (Hoyos, 1998).","Las plántulas generalmente son menos vigorosas que los brotes propagados clonalmente, y se encuentra variabilidad en individuos nuevos provenientes de una sola planta (Hoyos, 1998; Neal, 1965)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":908215278,"citingcorpusid":27696071,"citedcorpusid":25995166,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Pd nanoparticles used for this study were synthesized according to Bradley’s reaction of solvothermal decomposition of Pd(II)-acetylacetonate as described in detail by Wilkinson et al. (2011).","The Pd content in the stock suspension was determined by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA; PerkinElmer Pyris-1; see for details Wilkinson et al. 2011) revealing only a marginal deviation (below 10"],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1116088281,"citingcorpusid":130200897,"citedcorpusid":193150785,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Hanna (1973) and Vansina (1999) investigated the transformation of dance in Africa, while Merriam (1981) looked at the contribution of radio and sound recording technology to the changes in African music.","Hanna (1973) and Vansina (1999) investigated the transformation of dance in Africa, while Merriam (1981) looked at the contribution of radio and sound recording technology to the changes in African music. Finally, Ogundele (1980) discusses the changing utilitarian and aesthetic functions of African music and dance.","But a few, such as Nketia (1959), Hanna (1973), Kabede (1995) and Vansina (1999), have analyzed continuity and change in the performance, presentation, form, and function of African folk music and dance."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3326708179,"citingcorpusid":233821965,"citedcorpusid":13660830,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2 undergo denaturation and contraction, which affects the cooking loss, color and texture parameters of the meat [6, 10, 12].","In recent years, researchers have studied the thermal changes of beef [10], chicken [11], pork [12], goose [13], camel [14], turkey [15] and Microwave [16], high pressure [17], ohmic heating [10] and other technical means coordinated processing effect [18]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":110557717,"citingcorpusid":1533131,"citedcorpusid":37664776,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While multiple papers have individually reviewed the fibrin sealant literature with reference to its use in specific specialties, only a few papers have reviewed this general overall literature in the past several years [8, 88–92] and none as recently or extensively as will be done in the following sections."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3945283622,"citingcorpusid":252521740,"citedcorpusid":71146712,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Indeed, clinically diagnosed RSTS patients found negative for CREBPP/EP300 mutations resulted in presenting pathogenic variants in genes causative of other chromatinopathies such as Bohring-Opitz syndrome (BOPS, OMIM #605039) (pts #80 and #173 in (Negri et al., 2019)), KS (pt #95 in (Negri et al.",", 2019)), KS (pt #95 in (Negri et al., 2019)), Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WDSTS, OMIM #605130) (pt #103 in (Negri et al.",", 2019)), Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WDSTS, OMIM #605130) (pt #103 in (Negri et al., 2019) and six patients in (Di Fede et al."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3946887090,"citingcorpusid":252521740,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…rare diseases, mus musculus, drosophila melanogaster, Danio rerio\nIntroduction\nRare diseases are defined as conditions having a prevalence lower than 1:2000 and, nevertheless, they are estimated to be over 6,000, deeply impacting patients, families, caregivers, and health systems (Eurordis 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3775252711,"citingcorpusid":3226500,"citedcorpusid":12654432,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Primary and metastatic brain tumors (BTs) affect between 120,000 and 170,000 new patients each year in the United States.(1,2) The morbidity and mortality of these tumors remains very high, with length of survival ranging between 6 and 18 months for most patients.","Forty-one patients had MBTs, including primary tumors originating from the breast (12), lung (12), nasopharyngeal region (2), kidney (1), ovary (1), esophagus (1), lower limb osteosarcoma (1), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1), fallopian tube (1), melanoma (1), head and neck (1), and metastasis of unknown origin (1).","Primary and metastatic brain tumors (BTs) affect between120,000 and 170,000 new patients each year in the United States.1,2 The morbidity and mortality of these tumors remains very high, with length of survival ranging between 6 and 18 months for most patients.","There were 37 patients with PBTs, including glioblastoma multiforme ([GBM] 17), astrocytoma grades II and III (13), medulloblastoma (2), oligodendroglioma (3), unspecified glioma (2), primary CNS lymphoma (1), and gliosarcoma (1)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":4116841661,"citingcorpusid":258901452,"citedcorpusid":115613028,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For individuals, SAVs may become highly competitive with traditional car ownership when considering the long-term cost (Hörl et al. 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":94002722,"citingcorpusid":15014755,"citedcorpusid":1853838,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Constant compression and/or shearing between the triarticulate plantaris and the biarticulate Achilles tendons is thought to provoke a localized inflammatory response leading to adherence to, or invagination into, the highly innervated peritendinous tissue.(1,2,6,15,17,26) This painful frictional syndrome may result in inflammatory change around the Achilles tendon and potentially intratendinous pathology."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":815136555,"citingcorpusid":61763348,"citedcorpusid":5782079,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Models of EM have been used successfully in robotics [4], artificial life agents [5], interactive storytelling [6], and non-player characters [7]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":584493803,"citingcorpusid":55216968,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Detailed lithological investigations of these sediments have been made by Leœniak (1978), Szulc (1991) and Chrz¹stek (2002).","The latter species was also found by Leœniak (1978) in the upper part of unit C and in unit E.","Records of E. liliiformis in the North-Sudetic Basin (e.g. Noetling, 1880; Leœniak, 1978; Senkowiczowa, 1979) have no graphic documentation or palaeonotological descriptions and the specimens reported were not placed in any museum; therefore the reliability of their descriptions cannot be verified.","Leœniak (1978) identified the columnals he had found as E. liliiformis, probably based on their large diameter (up to 2 cm), but other encrinids (e. g. Encrinus aculeatus or Chelocrinus carnalli), which are quite common in units D and E equivalents in Upper Silesia and in the Holy Cross Mountains,…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":942710337,"citingcorpusid":14820488,"citedcorpusid":32428988,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These results suggest that a portion of QTLs that have been used by breeders so far may be due to epigenetic, rather than genetic variation (Springer, 2013).","Epimutagenesis may allow the opportunity to explore allelic variation and novel combinations of alleles without relying upon recombination (Springer, 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":942709204,"citingcorpusid":14820488,"citedcorpusid":746655,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2015) as well as local chromatin and DNA methylation changes in response to a variety of abiotic stresses including cold, salinity, drought, osmolality, or mineral nutrition, thereby highlighting the relevance of epigenetic regulations in these contexts (Chen et al., 2010; Luo et al., 2012; González et al., 2013; Bocchini et al., 2015; Kim et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":942709943,"citingcorpusid":14820488,"citedcorpusid":17358111,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1524280217,"citingcorpusid":92403244,"citedcorpusid":133536225,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The observed differences in the concentration of most of the minerals in the vegetable samples from the two drying methods further support the view of Ciurzynska and Lenart [9], including Odukoya et al. [35], as earlier noted in Section 3.1 that processing affects food attributes.","Flavonoids, for instance, have been found to have the potential to reduce the risk of major chronic diseases like: heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease and cataracts [12, 14].","Nonetheless, as indicated in Nieman et al. [46] and Odukoya [12,47], only the vegetable samples obtained via the freeze-dried method with Na/K ratio < 0.6 would not contribute to high blood pressure.","found in relatively small amounts in plants [12,35,49], they have human health benefits [12,13,14].","As noted in Ciurzynska and Lenart [9] as well as Odukoya et al. [35], that processing gives rise to changes in the physical, chemical and/or biological characteristics of food, the carbohydrate content of the sun-dried samples, calculated by difference, was found to be higher than that of the freeze-dried samples while the\nlatter (i.e. the freeze-dried samples) had higher energy content (Table 2).","Among the groups of polyphenols, flavonoids have attracted most research interest [12,35,53].","[46] and Odukoya [12,47], only the vegetable samples obtained via the freeze-dried method with Na/K ratio < 0.","Meanwhile, Odukoya [12] identified temperature as one of the post-harvest factors that affect the phytochemical contents of fruits and vegetables.","In this research, attention was focused on two of the most important vitamins in food science and technology (vitamin A and C – the former being a fat-soluble vitamin and the latter, a water-soluble vitamin) [12,37].","Dietary minerals are the other elements aside from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen that are present in foods [12,37,38] while the total mineral content of foods is a function of the ash value [12,39].","variety, growing conditions, postharvest storage conditions as well as processing [12,38]."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["background"],null,["background"],["methodology"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3829198851,"citingcorpusid":250551316,"citedcorpusid":24474197,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["By the same method, OH´ formation was monitored in Taiwanese subjects chewing tender areca nut and lime with either Piper betle in¯orescence or betel leaf (Chen et al., 2002).","By the same method, OH ́ formation was monitored in Taiwanese subjects chewing tender areca nut and lime with either Piper betle in ̄orescence or betel leaf (Chen et al., 2002)."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":3374920435,"citingcorpusid":209342893,"citedcorpusid":27545901,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2997281278,"citingcorpusid":164250579,"citedcorpusid":140709801,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This pattern is in agreement with the interpretation of Voigt et al. (2006) for the Anglo-Paris Basin, suggesting that the plateau of OAE2 forms during a sealevel highstand (Gale et al., 2005; Voigt et al., 2006).","…Turonian and coincides also with the relative sealevel recorded at the Piedra Parada section (Navarro-Ramirez et al., 2015b), as well as a coeval sea-level change present in sections and cores across the Anglo-Paris Basin (Wilmsen et al., 2005; Gale et al., 2005; Voigt et al., 2006).","The basinal equivalent of this chemostratigraphic segment,\n85\nfor example bed 3 of the Plenus Marls in the Anglo-Paris Basin and bed 63 at Pueblo Colorado (USA, Elder et al., 1994; Gale et al, 2005, Fig.","…et al., 1985, 1988; Elder, 1985, 1989; Kennedy and Cobban, 1991; Cobban, 1993; Kauffman, 1995; Dean and Arthur, 1998; Bowman and Bralower, 2005; Gale et al., 2005; Sageman et al., 2006; Friedrich et al., 2006; Mort et al., 2007a, 2007b; Voigt et al., 2006, 2008; Jarvis et al., 2006; 2011;…","…Elder, 1985, 1989; Schlanger et al., 1987; Kennedy and Cobban, 1991; Cobban, 1993; Kauffman, 1995; Dean and Arthur, 1998; Bowman and Bralower, 2005; Gale et al., 2005; Sageman et al., 2006; Tsikos et al., 2004; Friedrich et al., 2006; Jarvis et al., 2006, 2011; Voigt et al., 2008; Du Vivier et…"],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2997281160,"citingcorpusid":164250579,"citedcorpusid":8609028,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the impact of global warming, which is already having significant and harmful effects on ecosystems and society (Tan et al., 2015; Myers et al., 2015 and references therein).","…a sever global change as evidenced by, for instance, global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, rising global average sea level, more common dangerous heat waves, increasing of extreme storm events and droughts in many areas (e.g., IPCC, 2013; Tan et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3000698597,"citingcorpusid":164250579,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Based on existing biostratigraphic data in central Peru (von Hillebrandt, 1970; Romani, 1982; Jaillard and Arnaud-Vanneau, 1993) and the chemostratigraphic terminology used for OAE2 interval in\n117\nthe Piedra Parada section including terms such as onset, trough, plateau, and recovery (Paul et al.,…","The base of the Jumasha Formation was attributed to the late middle Albian due to ammonite associations including Lyelliceras ulrichi Knechtel, Oxytropidoceras douglasi (Benavides-Caceres, 1956; Wilson, 1963; von Hillebrandt, 1970; Jaillad, 1986; Fig.","This is possible due to the existing biostratigraphic data of the northern and central carbonate ramp of Peru (Benavides-Caceres, 1956; Wilson 1963; Von Hillebrandt, 1970; Romani, 1982; Jaillard 1986, 1987; Jaillard and Arnaud-Vanneau, 1993).","Von Hillebrandt, A., 1970.","Further south, the third marly ledge of the Jumasha Formation (Jaillard, 1986) contains age assigning microfauna, especially Hedbergela washitensis, H. delrioensis, Globigerinelloides bentonensis and Heterohelix seewashitensis, indicating a middle to late Cenomanian age (Hillebrandt, 1970).","These levels were attributed to the late middle Albian due to ammonite associations such as Lyelliceras ulrichi, Oxytropidoceras douglasi (Benavides-Caceres, 1956; Wilson, 1963; von Hillebrandt, 1970; Jaillad, 1986)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3000698630,"citingcorpusid":164250579,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The regressive trend during the Albian–Cenomanian has been documented in several studies, indicating a regional event (e.g., Sahagian et al., 1996; Gale et al., 2002; Miller et al., 2003; Immenhauser, 2005; Koch and Brenner, 2009; Scott et al., 2013).","…Tethys, and the Pacific Ocean (Nederbragt et al. 2001; Wilson and Norris, 2001; Erbacher et al., 2001; Strasser et al., 2001; Giraud et al. 2003; Bornemann et al., 2005; Gale et al., 2011; Schröder-Adams et al., 2012; Scott et al., 2013; Melinte-Dobrinescu et al., 2015; Gambacorta et al., 2015).","…and black-shale deposition (e.g., Nederbragt et al. 2001; Wilson and Norris, 2001; Erbacher et al., 2001; Strasser et al., 2001; Giraud et al. 2003; Bornemann et al., 2005; Gale et al., 2011; SchröderAdams et al., 2012; Scott et al., 2013; Melinte-Dobrinescu et al., 2015; Gambacorta et al., 2015).","A long-lasting positive excursion of δ13Ccarb within this interval has led several authors to suggest globally significant organic-carbon burial (Nederbragt et al., 2001; Schröder-Adams et al., 2012; Scott et al., 2013).","…to high turnover rates, anoxia, increased sea-surface temperatures, and black-shale deposition in the Atlantic, the western Tethys and the Pacific Ocean settings (e.g., Bornemann et al., 2005; Schröder-Adams et al., 2012; Scott et al., 2013; Gambacorta et al., 2015 and references therein)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1006362671,"citingcorpusid":83669537,"citedcorpusid":87388882,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["diagnostic C and/or N banding techniques (Jahan et al. 1990; ter Kuile et al. 1990, 1991)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3552041167,"citingcorpusid":239070968,"citedcorpusid":109806429,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["4,10,11 Figure 1 illustrates the three main prognostic approaches, namely (i) Model-driven, (ii) Data-driven Models, and (iii) Hybrid Models."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1916768944,"citingcorpusid":114429574,"citedcorpusid":109806429,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Jardine, Lin, and Banjevic (2006) provided a comprehensive review of CBM with a focus on the general procedure of implementing CBM. Heng et al. (2009) gave a broad overview of the prognosis of rotating machinery and suggested some future research topics that have been indeed extensively studied these days.","Jardine, Lin, and Banjevic (2006) provided a comprehensive review of CBM with a focus on the general procedure of implementing CBM. Heng et al. (2009) gave a broad overview of the prognosis of rotating machinery and suggested some future research topics that have been indeed extensively studied…"],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1784387821,"citingcorpusid":210897844,"citedcorpusid":109806429,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["They also mentioned that design of an intelligent device capable of continuous on-line health monitoring and fast and robust on-line signal processing algorithm are very important in the future R&D. Heng et al. (2009) reviewed the studies related to the prediction of rotating machinery failure, and classified it as a reliability model, a condition-based prognostics model, and a model integrating reliability and prognostics.","…device capable of continuous on-line health monitoring and fast and robust on-line signal processing algorithm are very important in the future R&D. Heng et al. (2009) reviewed the studies related to the prediction of rotating machinery failure, and classified it as a reliability model, a…"],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1656948378,"citingcorpusid":158108886,"citedcorpusid":8931949,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["If board secretaries have relative background knowledge, he/she can be a more appropriate communicator in capital market to provide more effective explanation and information disclosure thus to improve the quality of information disclosure [15], the higher quality of information of IPO-bounce the investors get, the lower the information asymmetry is, the closer investors’ evaluation of company’s value to the real value, the smaller the IPO underpricing rate."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2791974368,"citingcorpusid":29012369,"citedcorpusid":9513816,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Bacillus subtilis has been used as a biological control agent to control the maize pathogen, Fusarium moniliforme (Bacon et al. 2001; Pal et al. 2001), and is known to have antagonistic activity against several other plant pathogenic fungi such as Gaeumannomyces graminis var.","Bacillus subtilis has been used as a biological control agent to control the maize pathogen, Fusarium moniliforme (Bacon et al. 2001; Pal et al. 2001), and is known to have antagonistic activity against several other plant pathogenic fungi such as Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Rhizoctonia…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1124241600,"citingcorpusid":146461006,"citedcorpusid":154324774,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Возвращаясь к базовым предпосылкам моделей экономической психологии, предложенным Р. Штроцем в статье 1956 г. (Strotz, 1956), автор предлагает в объяснении экономических поведения и отношений считать ключевыми проблемы этики и моральных ценностей.","Coming back to the basic assumptions of economic psychology models offered by R. Strotz (Strotz, 1956) the author argues that ethics and moral values problems should be considered as pivotal in explanations of economic behavior and relations.","Он ввел в описание поведения три взаимосвязанных фактора: расточительность (spendthriftiness), произвольное изменение поведения индивида в будущем (даже сопряженное с затратами), бережливость (thrift) (Strotz, 1956.","Strotz (Strotz, 1956) the author argues that ethics and moral values problems should be considered as pivotal in explanations of economic behavior and relations.","Базовые концептуальные рамки для моделей такого рода были предложены еще Р. Штроцем в статье 1956 г. «Близорукость и непостоянство в динамической максимизации полезности» (Strotz, 1956).","(Strotz, 1956), автор предлагает в объяснении экономических поведения и отношений считать ключевыми проблемы этики и моральных ценностей.","«Близорукость и непостоянство в динамической максимизации полезности» (Strotz, 1956).","(Strotz, 1956."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["background"],null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":857648792,"citingcorpusid":50774615,"citedcorpusid":21885245,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In this way, there is some indirect overlap with YAP/TAZ signaling, but there are also direct crosstalks as discussed in [114]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1203361006,"citingcorpusid":97782994,"citedcorpusid":202693117,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[39] Similar kind of reaction is expected to take place between the Pheretima posthuma (the earth worm) and the tannin of A.","[39] The effect can be due to presence of the steroidal alkaloid and oligoglycosides which may suppress the transfer of sucrose from the stomach to the small intestine together with their antioxidant effect which is capable of reducing the nitrate generation which can interfere in local homeostasis that is essential for the development of helminthes.","[39] The prime effect of albendazole is to cause a flaccid paralysis of the worm which results in expulsion of the worm by peristalsis."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":870948106,"citingcorpusid":2979877,"citedcorpusid":24441077,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["5 ng/mL of recombinant human IL-b (rhIL-1b) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minn) for 6 hours for TMK-1 and MKN74, and 24 hours for MKN7, as previously described.(20) The cells were pretreated with or without 20 ng/mL of human IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) for 1 hour before cell harvesting for analysis (R&D Systems).","pylori at a ratio of 10:1 to TMK-1 for 2 days or MKN74 for 3 days; and at a ratio of 100:1 to MKN7 for 4 days, as described in our previous study.(20) The cells were grown at 37 C in a humidified atmosphere before being collected.","pylori-caused E-cad methylation is mediated through activation of IL-1b production.(19,20) We also demonstrated that methylation of E-cad gene occurred in H."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":801953107,"citingcorpusid":11209385,"citedcorpusid":32968246,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1845680609,"citingcorpusid":214605792,"citedcorpusid":10080452,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Inspired by [23] we were interested whether HCLG k + G n − k transducers can improve performance in online composition over HCL + G transducers.","Comparison of these approaches is given in [23] (although experiments were conducted with GMM acoustic modeling that has some computation specifics compared to DNN)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1544429378,"citingcorpusid":199484166,"citedcorpusid":96299346,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ĐĐA của chitosan được xác định bằng phương pháp đo phổ hồng ngoại trên máy FT–IR 8400S, Shimadzu, Nh ật và được tính từ phổ đồ theo phương trình [16]:","Sự khác nhau v ề cường độ của các đỉnh ở 1320 và 1420 cm đặc trưng tương ứng cho nhóm N – acetylglucosamine và nhóm so sánh – CH 2 thể hiện sự thay đổi ĐĐA của chitosan [16]."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":1018468887,"citingcorpusid":87658426,"citedcorpusid":28763892,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["PDH reaction through decarboxylating pyruvate, releasing CO2, and reductively acetylating the L1 lipoyl moiety (reviewed by Roche (93)).","The E1 catalyzes the initial two stages of the PDH reaction through decarboxylating pyruvate, releasing CO2, and reductively acetylating the L1 lipoyl moiety (reviewed by Roche (93))."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":565362444,"citingcorpusid":55667794,"citedcorpusid":28763892,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Also, as mentioned above, phosphorylation of El component markly inhibited the reaction 1 but did not inhibit the reaction 2 (6).","Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase component (3,6).","A side reaction which is catalyzed by the El component is stimulated by acetaldehyde to make acetoin: [CH3C(0H)=TPP]-E1 + CH3CH0 ^ ^ CH3CH(0H)C0CH3 + [TPP]-E1 (6) All the reactions are reversible except the decarboxylation of pyruvate in reaction 1.","Phosphorylation of the PDH component markedly inhibited the PDC overall reaction with pyruvate as substrate, but when HETPP was used, there was no effect on the much slower rate of the reductive acetylation reaction (reaction 2) (6)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":895870014,"citingcorpusid":24105784,"citedcorpusid":25898625,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3732076389,"citingcorpusid":237737469,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["An algorithm has been proposed, based on combining kinematic and isotropic hardening, to calculate approximately the local residual stress tensor and elastic shakedown limit [15].","In particular, the forward-looking approach in the domain of investigating damage mechanisms associated with the experimental phenomena in localization of crack initiation with the most potential should be the macro–micro approach [15].","Fatigue Criteria Based on Twin-Shear Unified Yield Criterion Failure of high-cycle fatigue happens due to the combined action of external stress and internal stress (intergranular residual stress), which exceeds the elastic shakedown of materials at the mesoscopic level [15]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1970659149,"citingcorpusid":13625148,"citedcorpusid":129318018,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":53648079,"citingcorpusid":13888498,"citedcorpusid":154281343,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For small size problems, we used an Integer Linear Programming tool called LINDO [24].","LINDO is useful to obtain optimal solutions, provided the problem size is relatively small.","For large size problems, it becomes impractical to compute the optimal solution by LINDO.","Hence for small problem sizes, the performance of the cooperative game is compared against 1) the optimal solution using LINDO and 2) the min-min heuristic [25]."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":990758810,"citingcorpusid":64840517,"citedcorpusid":24466375,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…chip Chow et al. 2007 Causal comparative N = 15 Soccer players of varying skill\nM Skilled: 20.0 ± 1.58 Intermediate: 25.0 ± 2.65 Novice: 27.0 ± 3.54\nSoccer chip\nChow et al. 2008a\nLongitudinal N = 4 NR (no soccer experience)\nM 27.3 ± 4.03 Soccer chip\nChow et al. 2008b\nLongitudinal…","…(7 Hz) Angle-angle plots NoRMS SD\n27\nArticle Trial Size Kinematic data collection Kinematic Measures Filtering Variability Quantification Chow et al. 2008b P = 5 or 10 A = 5 or 10\nSix (6) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (240 Hz) Relative joint angular displacement Segment…","25\nArticle Trial Size Kinematic data collection Kinematic Measures Filtering Variability Quantification Bradshaw et al. 2007 P = 4 A = 4\nTwo (2) synchronised video cameras (250 Hz) - manual digitisation (reliability reported)\nRelative joint angular displacement Relative joint angular velocity Segment angular displacement Step/stride kinematics\nDigital (8 Hz) Biological CV\nBradshaw et al. 2009 P = 10 A = 10\nThree (3) independent video cameras (50 Hz) Radar gun\nImplement kinematics Segment angular displacement Stance kinematics Relative joint angular displacement\nNR Biological CV\nButton et al. 2003 P = 30 A = 30\nOne (1) video camera (60 Hz) - manual digitisation (reliability reported) Coordination Marker linear displacement Marker linear velocity Relative joint angular displacement Relative joint angular velocity Release variables\nFilter type NR (9 Hz - Frequency analysis)\nAngle-angle plots Phase-plane plots SD\nCarson et al. 2014a P = 10 A = 10\nInertial sensor motion capture suit (120 Hz) Relative joint angular displacement\nNR SD\nCarson et al. 2014b P = 10 A = 10\nInertial sensor motion capture suit (120 Hz) Marker linear displacement NR SD\n26\nArticle Trial Size Kinematic data collection Kinematic Measures Filtering Variability Quantification Chow et al. 2005 P = 5 or 10 A = 5 or 10\nSix (6) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (240 Hz) Ball backspin Centre of mass Coordination Relative joint angular displacement Relative joint angular velocity Release variables Segment linear acceleration Segment linear velocity Stance kinematics\nButterworth (7 Hz) Angle-angle plots CV NoRMS SD\nChow et al. 2007\nP = 5 or 10 A = 5 or 10\nSix (6) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (240 Hz) Ball backspin Centre of mass Coordination Relative joint angular displacement Relative joint angular velocity Release variables Segment linear acceleration Segment linear velocity Stance kinematics\nButterworth (7 Hz) Angle-angle plots CV NoRMS SD\nChow et al. 2008a\nP = 5 or 10 A = 5 or 10\nSix (6) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (240 Hz) Ball backspin Centre of mass Coordination Relative joint angular displacement Relative joint angular velocity Release variables Segment linear acceleration Segment linear velocity Stance kinematics\nButterworth (7 Hz) Angle-angle plots NoRMS SD\n27\nArticle Trial Size Kinematic data collection Kinematic Measures Filtering Variability Quantification Chow et al. 2008b P = 5 or 10 A = 5 or 10\nSix (6) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (240 Hz) Relative joint angular displacement Segment angular displacement\nButterworth (7 Hz) Switch ratio (cluster analysis)\nCicchella 2009\nP = 10 A = 10\nSix (6) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (100 Hz) Relative joint angular displacement Step/stride kinematics\nNR CV\nCortes et al. 2014\nP = 5 A = 5\nEight (8) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (270 Hz) Relative joint angular displacement\nButterworth (7 Hz) Sample entropy SD\nDai et al. 2013\nP = 3 A = 3\nTwo (2) synchronised video cameras (60 Hz) - manual digitisation - 3D analysis\nRelative joint angular displacement Segment angular displacement\nButterworth (7.14 Hz)\nSD\nDias et al. 2014a\nP = 30 A = 30\nOne (1) video camera (210 Hz) Implement kinematics NR SD\nDias et al. 2014b\nP = 30 A = 30\nOne (1) video camera (210 Hz) Implement kinematics Sinusoidal smoothing function Approximate entropy Lyapunov exponent\nFarana et al. 2015 P = 10 A = 10\nEight (8) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (247 Hz) Relative joint angular displacement\nButterworth (12 Hz) Biological CV CMC\nFleisig et al. 2009\nP = 10 – 15 A = 5\nSix (6) to eight (8) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (240 Hz) Relative joint angular displacement Release variables Segment angular displacement Segment angular velocity Step/Stride kinematics\nButterworth (13.4 Hz)\nSD\n28\nArticle Trial Size Kinematic data collection Kinematic Measures Filtering Variability Quantification Gittoes et al. 2011 P = 10 A = 10\nTwo (2) co-aligned Cartesian optoelectronic dynamic anthropometers (200 Hz)\nCentre of mass displacement Centre of mass velocity Relative joint angular displacement Relative joint angular velocity\nFilter type NR (10 Hz - Residual analysis)\nSD\nGrassi et al. 2005\nP = 15 A = 10\nEight (8) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (100 Hz) Marker linear displacement NR 3D SD SD\nGutiérrezDávila et al. 2013\nP = 35 A = 35\nTwo (2) synchronised video cameras (500 Hz) - manual digitisation - 3D analysis\nMarker linear displacement Release variables\nQuintic spline SD\nHiley et al. 2013\nP = 10 A = 10\nFifteen (15) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (300 Hz) Relative joint angular displacement Circle angle\nButterworth (20 Hz) SD\nHodges et al. 2005 P = 25 A = 6\nThree (3) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (240 Hz) Coordination Relative joint angular displacement\nNR NoRMS SD\nHoran et al. 2011\nP = 5 A = 5\nPassive marker optoelectronic system (500 Hz; # cameras NR) Coordination Implement kinematics Segment angular displacement Segment linear displacement\nButterworth (6 to 10 Hz - Residual analysis)\nAngle-angle plots Coefficient of correspondence (vector coding) SD Spanning set\nIrwin et al. 2005\nP = 15 A = 3\nOne (1) video camera (50 Hz) - manual digitisation (reliability reported) Centre of mass Circle angle Relative joint angular displacement Relative joint angular velocity\nDigital (6 Hz - Residual analysis)\nSD of RMSD\n29\nArticle Trial Size Kinematic data collection Kinematic Measures Filtering Variability Quantification Irwin et al. 2007\nNR One (1) video camera (50 Hz) - manual digitisation (reliability reported) Centre of mass Circle angle Coordination Relative joint angular displacement Relative joint angular velocity\nDigital Gaussian kernel (bandwidth 0.15 - residual analysis)\nRMS of CRP variance\nJarvis et al. 2014\nP = 20 A = 10\nEleven (11) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (100 Hz) Coordination Relative joint angular displacement Segment angular displacement\nButterworth (12 Hz) Circular SD of coupling angle (vector coding) SD\nKarlsen et al. 2008 P = 18.3 ± 5.1 A = NR\nActive marker ultrasound system (70 Hz) - reliability reported\nImplement kinematics NR Own algorithm SD\nKnudson 1990\nP = NR A = 8\nTwo (2) synchronised video cameras (100 Hz & 200 Hz) - manual digitisation (error reported) - 3D analysis\nRelative joint angular acceleration Relative joint angular displacement Relative joint angular velocity Butterworth (8 to 45 Hz)\nCurve CV CV SD\nKnudson et al. 2005\nP = 40 A = 4 or 5\nOne (1) video camera (180 Hz) - manual digitisation (error reported) Implement kinematics Release variables\nCubic spline CV SD\nKudo et al. 2000\nP = 30 A = 30\nOne (1) video camera (60 Hz) - manual digitisation (reliability reported) Release variables Linear square fitting SD\nLangdown et al. 2013 P = 10 – 15 A = NR\nThirteen (13) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (250 Hz) Marker linear displacement Segment angular displacement Stance kinematics\nNR Variable error\nLees et al. 2013\nP ≥ 20 A = NR\nEight (8) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (240 Hz) Relative joint angular velocity Segment linear velocity\nButterworth (12 Hz) CV SD SEM\n30\nArticle Trial Size Kinematic data collection Kinematic Measures Filtering Variability Quantification Mackenzie et al. 2011 P = 50 A = 50 One (1) active marker camera system Implement kinematics Butterworth (8 Hz) SD McDonald et al. 1989 P = 10 A = 10 Two (2) active marker camera system (100 Hz)\nRelative joint angular displacement Relative joint angular velocity Release variables Segment linear displacement Segment linear velocity\nKalman recursive (5 Hz - Frequency analysis) SD CV\nMcLean et al. 1999\nP = 8 A = 5\nFour (4) synchronised video cameras (500 Hz) - 3D analysis Relative joint angular displacement\nNR CV\nMcLean et al. 2004\nP = 10 A = 10\nSix (6) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (240 Hz) Relative joint angular displacement\nCubic spline (30 Hz) SD\nMcLean et al. 2005\nP ≥ 10 A ≥ 10\nSix (6) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (240 Hz) Relative joint angular displacement\nCubic spline (20 Hz) SD\nMeylan et al. 2010\nP = 3 A = 3\nForce plate (1000 Hz) Centre of mass displacement Centre of mass velocity\nNR TE (as CV)\nMuller et al. 1999 P = 17 - 46 (24 ± 10) A = 17 - 46 (24 ± 10)\nTwo (2) photographic cameras Release variables NR SD\nMullineaux et al. 2010\nP = 20 A = 3\nTwelve (12) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (60 Hz) Coordination Flight variables Marker linear velocity Relative joint angular displacement Relative joint angular velocity Release variables\nButterworth (8 Hz - Residual analysis)\nCircular SD of coupling angle (vector coding) SD\n31\nArticle Trial Size Kinematic data collection Kinematic Measures Filtering Variability Quantification O'Connor et al. 2009 P = 25 – 30 A = 4 or 5\nSeven (7) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (200 Hz) Relative joint angular displacement\nButterworth (12 Hz - Previous literature)\nPCAw\nPollard et al. 2005 P = 7 A = 7\nSeven (7) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (240 Hz) Coordination Relative joint angular displacement Segment angular displacement\nButterworth (8 Hz) SD of coupling angle (vector coding; presented as an angle)\nPollard et al. 2015 P ≥ 4 A = 4\nEight (8) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (250 Hz) Coordination Relative joint angular displacement\nButterworth (12 Hz) SD of coupling angle (vector coding; presented as an angle)\nReeve et al. 2013\nP = 6 A = 6\nTwelve (12) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (250 Hz) Coordination Relative joint angular displacement\nNR h-value (vector coding)\nRobins et al. 2006 P > 5 A = 5\nTwo (2) synchronised video cameras (25 Hz) - manually digitised - 3D analysis\nCoordination Relative joint angular displacement Relative joint angular velocity Release variables\nQuintic spline Angle-angle plots CV NoRMS SD SD of CRP\nSalo et al. 1998\nP = 8 A = 8\nTwo (2) synchronised video cameras (50 Hz) - manually digitised (reliability reported) - 3D analysis Centre of mass displacement Centre of mass velocity Relative joint angular displacement Relative joint angular velocity Segment linear displacement\nQuintic spline CV\nSchmidt 2012\nP = 20 A = 5\nFour (4) video cameras (Hz NR) - manually digitised\nRelative joint angular displacement Relative joint angular velocity\nNR DyCoN trajectories (artificial neural network)\n32\nArticle Trial Size Kinematic data collection Kinematic Measures Filtering Variability Quantification Schorer et al. 2007 P ≥ 80 A ~ 45\nThree (3) synchronised video cameras (50 Hz) - auto tracked (reliability reported) - 3D analysis Marker linear displacement Butterworth (NR) Euclidean distance matrices and cluster analysis Trajectory traces\nSevrez et al. 2014 P = 10 A = NR\nEight (8) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (500 Hz) Implement kinematics Relative joint angular displacement\nMoving average CMC CV\nSforza et al. 2000\nP = 10 A = 10\nEight (8) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (100 Hz) Marker linear displacement NR 3D SD\nSforza et al. 2001\nP = 10 A = 10\nEight (8) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (100 Hz) Marker linear displacement NR 3D SD\nSforza et al. 2002\nP = 10 A = 10\nEight (8) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (100 Hz) Marker linear displacement NR 3D SD\nSheppard et al. 2007 P = 75 A = 20\nThirteen (13) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (100 Hz) Implement kinematics Release variables\nDigital FIR (6 Hz) SD\nSlobounov et al. 1997\nP = 5 A = 5\nOne (1) video camera (60 Hz) - manual digitisation Marker linear displacement Relative joint angular displacement Step/stride kinematics\nFourier CV SD\n33\nArticle Trial Size Kinematic data collection Kinematic Measures Filtering Variability Quantification Taylor et al. 2014 P = 10 A = 4 - 10\nSix (6) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (250 Hz) One (1) video camera (250 Hz) - manual digitisation (reliability reported) Coordination Relative joint angular displacement Release variables\nNR CV\nTucker et al. 2013 P = 10 A = 10\nSix (6) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (400 Hz) Vector Pro launch monitor Marker linear displacement Release variables\nButterworth (12 Hz - Residual analysis and previous literature)\nCV Variability ellipsoids\nUrbán et al. 2015\nP = 16 A = 16\nThree dimensional electromagnetic tracking system (240 Hz) Radar gun (50 Hz)\nMarker linear displacement Release variables Segment linear velocity\nNR SD\nWagner et al. 2012\nP = 12 ± 1 A = 10\nEight (8) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (250 Hz) Relative joint angular displacement Relative joint angular velocity Release variables Segment angular displacement Segment angular velocity\nQuintic spline (MSE = 10) Phase-plane plots SD\nWhiteside et al. 2015 P = 40 A = 5\nTwenty two (22) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (500 Hz) Coordination Relative joint angular displacement Segment angular displacement\nWoltring (MSE = 2 - Residual analysis Angle-angle plots Coefficient of correspondence (vector coding) Variability ellipsoids\n34\nArticle Trial Size Kinematic data collection Kinematic Measures Filtering Variability Quantification Wilson et al. 2008 P = 10 A = 10\nTwelve (12) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (100 Hz) Coordination Relative joint angular displacement\nQuintic spline Circular SD of coupling angle (vector coding)\nNote: P = performed, A = analysed, NR = Not reported ~ = ‘approximately’ (as reported by author); 3D = Three dimensional, CMC = Coefficient of multiple correlations, CRP = Continuous relative phase, CV = Coefficient of variation, DyCoN = Dynamically Controlled Network (a form of artificial neural network), FIR = Finite impulse response, MSE = Mean squared error, NoRMS = Normalised root mean squared, PCAw = Principal component analysis of waveforms, RMS = Root mean squared, RMSD = Root mean squared difference, SD = standard deviation, SEM = Standard error of the mean, TE = Technical error.","…20.0 ± 1.58 Intermediate: 25.0 ± 2.65 Novice: 27.0 ± 3.54\nSoccer chip\nChow et al. 2008a\nLongitudinal N = 4 NR (no soccer experience)\nM 27.3 ± 4.03 Soccer chip\nChow et al. 2008b\nLongitudinal quasiexperimental\nN = 4 NR (no soccer experience)\nM 27.3 ± 4.03 Soccer chip\nCicchella 2009\nObservational…","…velocity Release variables Segment linear acceleration Segment linear velocity Stance kinematics\nButterworth (7 Hz) Angle-angle plots CV NoRMS SD\nChow et al. 2008a\nP = 5 or 10 A = 5 or 10\nSix (6) passive marker optoelectronic camera system (240 Hz) Ball backspin Centre of mass Coordination…"],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1055998078,"citingcorpusid":62821232,"citedcorpusid":15528225,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In the seminal article [1], Brin shows that the group 2V is not isomorphic to V .","Brin indicates in [1] that the groups V and 2V act on C and C2 in such a way that Rubin’s Theorem [6] applies; any isomorphism φ : V → 2V induces a unique homeomorphism ψ : C → C2, so that for v ∈ V, φ(v) = ψ ◦ v ◦ψ−1.","The following is the statement of Rubin’s Theorem, as given by Brin as Theorem 2 in [1].","Brin’s argument in [1] does not directly demonstrate that Rubin’s Theorem applies to any possible isomorphism between mV and nV with m or n ≥ 3.","In the paper [1], Brin introduces a family nV of groups, where n ∈ {1, 2, ."],"intents":[["background"],null,["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2552984260,"citingcorpusid":35140306,"citedcorpusid":26333157,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recently, Purdom and Holmes [26] proposed procedures that can be used to analyze non-normally distributed genetic markers."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1919737778,"citingcorpusid":131876906,"citedcorpusid":44651541,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Previous studies have predominantly used thermal data to map burned areas (Giglio 2007), employing spectral indices such as the NDVI, the Burned Area Index (BAI) and the Global Environmental Monitoring Index (GEMI) (Chuvieco et al. 2002, 2008, Garc ıa et al. 2014) based on visible and near infrared bands, or the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) (Yu & Chen 2015) based on visible, near infrared and shortwave infrared bands.","…as the NDVI, the Burned Area Index (BAI) and the Global Environmental Monitoring Index (GEMI) (Chuvieco et al. 2002, 2008, Garc ıa et al. 2014) based on visible and near infrared bands, or the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) (Yu & Chen 2015) based on visible, near infrared and shortwave infrared bands."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2560856933,"citingcorpusid":19339500,"citedcorpusid":7158442,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is certainly interesting to note that DADP-o bearing the two positive charges on opposite meso-phenyl rings shows completely different cytotoxicity (Figures 3 and 4) and subcellular distributions (Figure 8) as those observed for DADP-a (Figure 7), indicating that not only charge but also its spatial distribution play a major role in mitochondrial targeting, in agreement with previous reports [32,33]."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":6521973,"citingcorpusid":9394980,"citedcorpusid":21479135,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…changes, resulting in release of reduced NPR1 monomers from cytoplasmic complexes and subsequent translocation to the nucleus where it interacts with TGA transcription factors to activate gene expression (Zhang et al., 1999; Després et al., 2000; Kinkema et al., 2000; Zhou et al., 2000; Mou et al.,"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3344648413,"citingcorpusid":234786748,"citedcorpusid":15140367,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Therefore, it has a significant adverse impact on quality-of-life measures in diabetes [34, 35], which also supported our study’s finding."],"intents":[["result"]]}
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{"citationid":1055152690,"citingcorpusid":108413378,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Il calcolo è effettuato sul la base di difetti effettivamente riscontrati o, più spesso, sulla bas e di difetti ipotizzati e assimilati a cricche semi llittiche [5,6]; per superare l’aleatorietà del raggio di raccordo p resente al piede e alla radice dei cordoni, un crit erio dovuto a Radaj [7] valuta l’influenza della geometria globale dei giunti solo dopo aver imposto a tale raggio un valo re ben preciso e costante; un metodo alternativo al precedente adotta un crite rio di campo; riproposto di recente [8] sulla base di un fattore di intensificazioni delle tensioni dovute all’intaglio (\"Notch stress intensity factor\", o K N), il criterio era già teorizzato in passato da Atzori come estensione non convenzionale della meccanica della frattura lineare elastica [9 ,10]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":40232726,"citingcorpusid":14297432,"citedcorpusid":21987871,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Besides, there are ongoing efforts by us to find better method of measurement as well as method of forming folksonomy network."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3414421783,"citingcorpusid":233212247,"citedcorpusid":202557253,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recently, repressor TALEs (rTALEs) employing the same KRAB repressor domain but in conjunction with a TALE DNA-binding domain have been described [55]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2343976722,"citingcorpusid":144214136,"citedcorpusid":145052024,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…des processus au cœur de l’intermédiation en s’intéressant en particulier aux traductions en jeu dans la production d’objets et de connaissances (Callon, 1986 ; Lascoumes, 1996) et à la façon dont se transforment les règles et les institutions dans le cadre de l’action publique (Muller, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4116469436,"citingcorpusid":252571325,"citedcorpusid":205782630,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been used to assess the body composition and can provide information on the total amount of body water as well as fat and skeletal muscle masses (15); in addition, it is an accessible tool for use in daily clinical practice (16)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":846677742,"citingcorpusid":6658872,"citedcorpusid":107589422,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some formalisms have specifically focused on organizational modeling [Rein, 1992; Benus, 1994], but these lack the mechanisms and flexibility necessary for quantitative analysis (discussed later).","Some formalisms have specifically focused on organizational \nmodeling [Rein, 1992; Benus, 1994], but these lack the mechanisms and flexibility necessary for quantitative \nanalysis (discussed later)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3349027418,"citingcorpusid":235177855,"citedcorpusid":207494848,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The determination and analysis of the main chemical constituents of the genus Curcuma can provide an effective reference for the identification and classification of the genus Curcuma; however, the method is not specific and accuracy, easy to be interfered by other factors such as individuals of the same species from different locations or different individuals plants from same region [31, 32]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1663878002,"citingcorpusid":207481837,"citedcorpusid":40448296,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["HPV-31 is more prevalent in South America than other countries and HPV types 52 and 58 are more common in Japan and China than elsewhere [62]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2687369129,"citingcorpusid":88301320,"citedcorpusid":42465663,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2002); c) CYP3A4 described to be involved in the metabolism of LUM, quinine and ART derivatives and CYP3A5 for quinine (Li et al., 2002; Lefevre et al., 2000; Grace et al., 1998; Rodriguez-Antona et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3169377336,"citingcorpusid":122009106,"citedcorpusid":4249052,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Using continuously slowing down approximation of Bethe and Ashkin [23], the stopping power or rate of loss of energy per unit path length is given by","Using continuously slowing down approximation of Bethe and Ashkin [23], the stopping power or rate of loss of energy per unit path length is given by\n−dE dx = 78500 Zρ AE0 ln\n( 1.166\nE0 J\n) , (4)\nwhere Z is the atomic number of the target, A is the atomic mass in a.m.u., ρ is the density of target (g/cm3), E0 is the incident electron energy and J is the mean ionization energy of the target atom [24], which is roughly equal to 13.5Z (eV)."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":888672790,"citingcorpusid":18989635,"citedcorpusid":129058490,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It turns out that the strength of the SST damping in such a model is sensitive to the presence of land (Seager et al. 1995; Power et al. 1995)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3995327435,"citingcorpusid":252830126,"citedcorpusid":4249052,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["6, which is very close to the value of 5/3 according to the Bethe formula [31], and the main difference is in the pre-exponential factor."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2429121088,"citingcorpusid":124083932,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["On the other hand, over the last decades, directed transport of particles in asymmetric potentials has been an active field of research [2].","In these systems, the directed transport of particles is generated by nonequilibrium noise if net macroscopic forces and potential gradients [2] are absent."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2363852475,"citingcorpusid":83856671,"citedcorpusid":18211231,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…to handle virulent M. tuberculosis, surrogate strains are often used instead, including the attenuated H37Ra strain, M. bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), or the low virulence environmental\n9\nmycobacterium M. smegmatis (Altaf et al., 2010; Chaturvedi et al., 2007; Steenken et al., 1934)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3610862414,"citingcorpusid":24902532,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["During visual development, disturbances of binocular vision, such as those mentioned above, may result in amblyopia (Daw, 2006; Hubel & Wiesel, 1965; von Noorden, 1974; Wiesel & Hubel, 1963b), which is characterized by deficits in many aspects of monocular spatial vision as well as binocular motion integration and stereoacuity (McKee, Levi, & Movshon, 2003).","During visual development, disturbances of binocular vision, such as those mentioned above, may result in amblyopia (Daw, 2006; Hubel & Wiesel, 1965; von Noorden, 1974; Wiesel & Hubel, 1963b), which is characterized by deficits in many aspects of monocular spatial vision as well as binocular motion…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3610862416,"citingcorpusid":24902532,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…studies have found optical blur to be a good model for monocular spatial vision in anisometropic amblyopia (Barbeito et al., 1987; Levi & Klein, 1982a, 1982b; Pianta & Kalloniatis, 1998; Song et al., 2014), not all aspects of amblyopic perception are mimicked well by short-term application of blur.","Pianta and Kalloniatis (1998) compared binocular suppression characteristics of monocularly blurred normals and anisometropic amblyopes using a reaction time paradigm for the detection of a 0.658 dichoptically flashed test disc across different luminance levels."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2587159417,"citingcorpusid":81290915,"citedcorpusid":21130381,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Even though the rate of ion flux in the roots was lower than in the fronds, the root surface was twofold greater than the frond surface, and the ratio of the fronds/roots in N uptake ended up being close to 1:1.09 for NH4 + and 1:0.79 for NO3 � . Therefore, the plants had an approximately equal capacity to use the fronds and roots for uptake of NO3 � and NH4 + ( Fang et al. 2007a ).","The involvement of rootsin ionuptakewas recentlydemonstratedin studies that directlymeasured ion fluxes along the roots of aquatic plants (Fang et al. 2007b;  Fang et al. 2007a ).","Therefore, the submerged and floating plants can absorb ions by the leaf surfaces, in addition to their ability to take up ions from the sediment or the water table via their roots (Barko and Smart 1986; Eugelink 1998;  Fang et al. 2007a;  Thomaz et al. 2007).","Cedergreen and Madsen 2004;  Fang et al. 2007a )."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":817134158,"citingcorpusid":29785454,"citedcorpusid":22401239,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Measles leads to a decrease in immune function, increasing the susceptibility of the child to secondary infections for weeks or possibly months following illness [58] ; vaccination may decrease the rates of these secondary infections."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1845021210,"citingcorpusid":158558896,"citedcorpusid":6920472,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…performance by promoting accountability (Boix, 2015), and between citizens’ participation and the implementation of inclusive social policy (Touchton et al., 2017; Tauchton & Wampler, 2014), we argue that social and economic inclusion, albeit dissipative, could be a consequence of a very…","Whereas the literature on political democracy explores the connection between election and government performance by promoting accountability (Boix, 2015), and between citizens’ participation and the implementation of inclusive social policy (Touchton et al., 2017; Tauchton & Wampler, 2014), we argue that social and economic inclusion, albeit dissipative, could be a consequence of a very competitive electoral environment."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3701661843,"citingcorpusid":220511367,"citedcorpusid":222284429,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In contrast, Lee and Kwak [35] discovered 369 articles in remanufacturing in the International Journal of Production Economics alone, with most of the remanufacturing articles being studied in the field of “supply chain”, “environmental” studies and “sustainability”.","New products such as sensor-enabled products and smart devices [22, 35] are expected to enter the remanufacturing stream as Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) digitalise their operations and products.","While there has been extended research in remanufacturing [35], research on enabling remanufacturing using simulation is still limited.","is performed, “simulation” was found to be a keyword across the analysis of approximately 7300 articles [35]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1831974491,"citingcorpusid":206017126,"citedcorpusid":30864779,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…support instrument\nverted into competencies for SMS. Additionally, competencies such as partnership (Hostick & McClelland 2000, Leisen & Hyman 2001, Keatinge et al. 2002, Lorig & Holman 2003, Visse et al. 2010), shared decision-making, collaborative goal setting (Lorig & Holman 2003, Stacey et…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1711859843,"citingcorpusid":144291240,"citedcorpusid":140901073,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Georgiou (2012) showed that the authorities in Washington State used a sophisticated system of instrument manipulation by adding points to the scores of offenders that they thought should be supervised more intensively than their LSI-R score would otherwise warrant.","In this study I use the results obtained in Georgiou (2012) with respect to the items of the LSI-R questionnaire that were manipulated.","However, Georgiou (2012) showed that the manipulated LSI-R distribution depicted in Fig.","Figure 2: Distribution of LSI-R scores after omitting the seven “manipulated” items, as these were identified in Georgiou (2012). Without the seven manipulated items, the LSI-R index becomes a scale from 0 to 47.","This is a limitation of\n3 Georgiou (2012) demonstrated how the manipulation was conducted."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1936770886,"citingcorpusid":151713154,"citedcorpusid":57538118,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["First, from the reading perspective, by engaging in reading, either to learn (Carver, 1997; Kintsch, 1998) or to integrate information (Grabe & Stoller, 2002), a reader can create a text model or text structure and selectively and critically evaluate the source text for writing."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3375535688,"citingcorpusid":226987959,"citedcorpusid":13681025,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Riboflavin acts as a photosensitizer and reacts with ultraviolet (UV)-A light in a photochemical reaction, which promotes the formation of interfibrillar and intrafibrillar covalent bonds between the collagen fibrils.(1,2) The new covalent bonds provide additional mechanical strength and biochemical stability, which can halt progression and lead to stabilization in cases of keratoconus."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1566316138,"citingcorpusid":132908007,"citedcorpusid":24712629,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…types of phishing, some of which are discussed below\nSphear Phishing-In this kind of phishing, the phisher target selected class of people that have something in common, companies or organizations to steal intelligent information, military information or business secret (Azeez et al., 2011).","A login page can be found through parsing the HTML of site for input type known as “password” (Azeez et al., 2011).","Sphear Phishing-In this kind of phishing, the phisher target selected class of people that have something in common, companies or organizations to steal intelligent information, military information or business secret (Azeez et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":561459989,"citingcorpusid":54451650,"citedcorpusid":24712629,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["If however, there is no appropriate and efficient security and privacy measures for E-Health, there will be a serious damaging consequence to the welfare of a patient in the health institution [18].","The great challenge with this approach is the issue of scalability and flexibility because integrating Attribute Based Encryption into large scale Electronic Health Record system poses serious and great key management challenge [18]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2283154609,"citingcorpusid":53854506,"citedcorpusid":109093318,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While the latter studies have informed the degree of impact of bottom trawling under different environmental and biological conditions, there has been a concomitant focus on gear design and deployment to reduce the area of contact or pressure exerted to the seabed (He, 2007; He & Winger, 2010).","Indeed some designs and methods are available for adoption in different bottom trawl fisheries with local tests and adaptation (He and Winger 2010; Moran and Stephenson 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3537202444,"citingcorpusid":71147236,"citedcorpusid":251900710,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1579155645,"citingcorpusid":201719453,"citedcorpusid":18997967,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Resilience has previously been defined as the probability of crossing a critical threshold, for example, Perrings (1998) and Brozovic and Schlenker (2011).","Using this approach, the resilience of a regime may be defined in terms of the probability of crossing a state threshold (Perrings 1998; Brozovic and Schlenker 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1934688466,"citingcorpusid":153735416,"citedcorpusid":154987594,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…regimes in the region, the Czech Republic offers a good test case for the hypothesis that the previous regime’s total exclusion of the public from meaningful participation in decision-making is likely to shape the process of democratic consolidation now underway (Saxonberg, 1999; Pehe, 2004).","As one of the most successful CEE transition countries and a country that emerged from one of the harshest communist regimes in the region, the Czech Republic offers a good test case for the hypothesis that the previous regime's total exclusion of the public from meaningful participation in decision-making is likely to shape the process of democratic consolidation now underway (Saxonberg,  1999 ; Pehe,  2004 )."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":560867997,"citingcorpusid":54822123,"citedcorpusid":12545625,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This topic is not new, it as addressed for different platforms, MID [8] (Multiple Input Devices) is a java package that supports multiple mice, CPNMouse [9] is a driver for Windows XP and Tsee and Greenberg [10] made a toolkit for Single Display Groupware applications.","This topic is not new, it as addressed for different platforms, MID [8] (Multipl e Input Devices) is a java package that supports multiple mice, CPNMouse [9] is a driver for Windows XP and Tsee and Greenberg [10] made a toolkit for Single Display Groupware applications."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2516100595,"citingcorpusid":192120290,"citedcorpusid":191412856,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2321075447,"citingcorpusid":38768611,"citedcorpusid":43568329,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In previous studies, phenol has been commonly used with formaldehyde to produce gels (Mukai et al., 2005; Poljanšek and Krajnc, 2005; Scherdel and Reichenauer, 2009).","Based on Poljanšek and Krajnc (2005), the"],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":1092552511,"citingcorpusid":132055060,"citedcorpusid":110184428,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", Harris [13] introducing a quantitative approach to the assessment of the environmental impact of building materials, by Huberman and Pearlmutter [14] as life-cycle energy analysis of building materials in the Negev desert, by Venkatarama Reddy and Jagadish [15] for the embodied energy of common and alternative building materials, by Morel et al.","Furthermore, building materials were addressed by, e.g., Harris [13] introducing a quantitative approach to the assessment of the environmental impact of building materials, by Huberman and Pearlmutter [14] as life-cycle energy analysis of building materials in the Negev desert, by Venkatarama Reddy and Jagadish [15] for the embodied energy of common and alternative building materials, by Morel et al. [16] who address the use of local materials and its impact on the environmental impact of construction, by Cole and Rousseau [17] using indices for building materials referring to energy and air pollution, as well as by Abeysundara et al. [18] who present a matrix for selecting sustainable materials for buildings in Sri Lanka on a life-cycle perspective.","[13] Harris, D.J., 1999, A quantitative approach to the assessment of the environmental impact of building materials, Building and Environment, 34/6:751-8."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,null]}
{"citationid":568400674,"citingcorpusid":55691035,"citedcorpusid":38088070,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The Apidae (one of the seven families of bees now living) is, alternatively, believed to have evolved parasitic lineages only four times (Cardinal et al., 2010), but this interpretation, along with that given for the parasitic orchid bees, which are basal in euglossines (Ramı́rez et al., 2010b)…","The Apidae (one of the seven families of bees now living) is, alternatively, believed to have evolved parasitic lineages only four times (Cardinal et al., 2010), but this interpretation, along with that given for the parasitic orchid bees, which are basal in euglossines (Ramı́rez et al.","Euglossines evolved parasites at least twice (two of the five genera, Ramı́rez et al., 2010a, b; Cardinal et al., 2010), Bombus once (Williams et al., 2008), halictines nine times (summary in Cardinal et al., 2010) and Apis not at all – although they do steal food from each others’ nests (Ruttner,…",", 2008; Hines, 2008;Rasmussen andCameron, 2010, but seeCardinal and Danforth, 2011) and there were entire tribes, among their descendants, thatwent extinct, butwhich left a fossil record from the Palaeocene, inBaltic amber fossils 44Mya (Engel, 2001; Cardinal et al., 2010).","…parasites at least twice (two of the five genera, Ramı́rez et al., 2010a, b; Cardinal et al., 2010), Bombus once (Williams et al., 2008), halictines nine times (summary in Cardinal et al., 2010) and Apis not at all – although they do steal food from each others’ nests (Ruttner, 1988; Roubik, 1989).","Euglossines evolved parasites at least twice (two of the five genera, Ramı́rez et al., 2010a, b; Cardinal et al., 2010), Bombus once (Williams et al.","…100Mya (Kawakita et al., 2008; Hines, 2008;Rasmussen andCameron, 2010, but seeCardinal and Danforth, 2011) and there were entire tribes, among their descendants, thatwent extinct, butwhich left a fossil record from the Palaeocene, inBaltic amber fossils 44Mya (Engel, 2001; Cardinal et al., 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3468185066,"citingcorpusid":225610197,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Former DirectorGeneral of Higher Education, Satryo Soemantri stated that one of the indicators of the success of higher education in terms of students is the output expectations and outcomes of students who have hard skills, soft skills, and life skills (Puspitarini, 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3468184909,"citingcorpusid":225610197,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is further strengthened by the need for the role of Higher Education as the vanguard in the global response of the COVID-19 pandemic within the framework of \"The Great Reset\" (Dodgson & Gann, 2020)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3468185088,"citingcorpusid":225610197,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This type of marketing is ideal, democratic, holistic, and altruistic, rather than just focusing on customer interest (Krauss, 2017)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":823909564,"citingcorpusid":33079425,"citedcorpusid":42746243,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Since ATP has been shown to induce apoptosis of mycobacterium-infected macrophages and decreased viability of intracellular mycobacteria, up-regulation of this pathway may also be involved in the clearance of bacilli in the patients treated with rhuIL-2 (23, 27).","Increases in cytochrome oxidase would result in increases in ATP levels in the macrophages.","Cytochrome oxidase is located in the mitochondrial membrane and is the last component in the chain of electron transport resulting in production of ATP (5).","Following reverse transcription, PCRs with both anchored primers and arbitrary primers (OPA14 [TCTGTGCTGG], OPA18 [AGGTGACCGT], OPA20 [GTTGCGATCC] [3, 24], or AP4 [GCTCTTTGTC] [28]) and a-35S-dATP (NEN, Boston, Mass.) were set up."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":4080885930,"citingcorpusid":257506868,"citedcorpusid":19661139,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["casts for correction (N = 333)*; median(range) 5 (2-9) Time between cast changes (d); median(range) 7 (3-28) Rate of correction Casting and tenotomy 220 (66) Casting only 115 (34) Bilateral cases (N = 218)","Yes 171 (76) Age at initial assessment (d); median(range) 16 (5-64) Pirani scale scores at initial assessment; median(range) MFS/3 2.","Subgroup name (midfoot-hindfoot) Fast-steady Steady-steady Fast-nil Steady-nil Age at initial assessment (d); median(range) 15 (5-61) 17 (5-57) 20 (12-39) 20 (5-64) Laterality Unilateral 82 (40) 17 (27) 7 (32) 11 (25) Bilateral both feet in subgroup 106 (52) 28 (44) 8 (36) 22 (50) Bilateral 1 foot in a single subgroup 17 (8) 19 (29) 7 (32) 11 (25) Pirani scale scores at initial assessment; median(range)"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3231953964,"citingcorpusid":136554200,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It is necessary to know if convection is forced or free, because different analogies would be used to estimate convection coefficient [3].","qnet is the net radiant heat transfer from the silicon rod surface to the outer surface and fulfilled the following expression [3]:","Regarding the heat transfer within the semiconductor, the following equation is fulfilled under steady-state conditions[3]: ( ) 0 k T q ∇ ∇ + = (1)"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3869755009,"citingcorpusid":251493043,"citedcorpusid":52816992,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although many approaches have been successfully developed for handling uncertainty in the system drift dynamics or uncertainty stemming from additive disturbances [5], [7], [8], [11]–[13], it is often more challenging to extend such approaches to systems with actuation uncertainty.","We consider the scenario from [5], [26], which involves a two-dimensional system of the form (1) with f(x) =","This paradigm has been well noted in the literature and as a result there are many works that take robust [5]–[10], adaptive [11]–[13], or data-driven [14]–[18] approaches to accounting for uncertainty in the mathematical models used to generate safe and stable controllers."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2395060801,"citingcorpusid":119131803,"citedcorpusid":118160219,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["nce all 0-dimensional sheaves are Gieseker semistable, for any nonnegative integer l, there is a quot scheme Quotl parametrising the isomorphism classes of 0-dimensional sheaves on P2 of length l(see [Nit], for instance). Given any element O(−1)⊕c P2 →α O⊕r+c P2 →γ Q of the set Bs 2(r,d,c;Λ), we can associate to it a closed point (α,Q,γ) of the scheme PHom(O(−1)⊕c P2 ,O ⊕r+c P2 )×Quotl×PHom(O ⊕r+c P2 ,"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3538367415,"citingcorpusid":238841957,"citedcorpusid":109243725,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The proposed flexible particle swarm optimization algorithm (FPSO) algorithm produces lower RMSE than the others, and the I–","The PSO tends to improve the LVRT capability for the nonlinear system, whereas FLC-based control utilizes a vector\ncontrol plot for the DC- link voltage and performs LVRT safely.","PSO [120] Low Sufficient Fast response Hight efficiency Presence of oscillation and overshooting","Acronyms\nAI Artificial Intelligence ABC Artificial Bee Colony PV Photovoltaic CNN Convolutional Neural Network ESS Energy Storage System RBFN Radial Basis Function Network OPF Optimal Power Flow db4 Daubechies Order 4 NTO Network Topology Optimization PCA Principal Component Analysis DTR Dynamic Thermal Rating GAP Global Average Pooling RMSE Root Mean Square Error ESR Equivalent Series Resistance I-V Current Voltage NFN Neo-Fuzzy Neuron THD Total Harmonic Distortion RUL Remaining Useful Life PID Proportional, Integral, Derivative RLS Recursive Least Square PI Proportional-Integral SVR Support Vector Regression PR Proportional-Resonant SOC State Of Charge LSTM Long Short-Term Memory SOF State Of Function DL Deep Learning SOH State Of Health k-NN K-Nearest Neighbor TCN Temporal Convolutional Network ANN Artificial Neural Network RVM Relevance Vector Machine SVM Support Vector Machine LSTM Long Short-Term Memory ANFIS Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System AGMM Adaptive Gaussian Mixture Model FPSO Flexible particle swarm optimization algorithm TLS Transport Layer Security MPP Maximum Power Point DoS Denial Of Service AIS Artificial Immune System DIA Data Integrity Attack LVRT Low Voltage Ride Through PLC Power Line Communication FACT Flexible Alternating Current ICT Information And Communication Transmission System Technologies FLC Fuzzy Logic Control IoT Internet of Things PSO Particle Swarm Optimization DT Digital Twin DGs Distributed Generation AOM Approach Optimization Method PWM Pulse Width Modulation RNN Recurrent Neural Network OLM On-Line Monitoring MAB Modified Adaptive Boosting RF Random Forest SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition MLPNN Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network DER Distributed Energy Resource DWT Discrete Wavelet Transform PSO Particle Swarm Optimization PNN Probabilistic Neural Network GA Genetic Algorithm","Further, to enhance the LVRT capability of the inverter controller, AI-based techniques, such as fuzzy logic control (FLC) [119], and computation-based techniques, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) [120], are also implemented.","In the case of optimization, evolutionary algorithms, such as PSO and GA, are widely used, while in the case of time-series data, as in irradiance prediction or power forecasting, ANNs are used with great success."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":1806384891,"citingcorpusid":211685926,"citedcorpusid":109243725,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Its tracking speed is higher compared to that of the conventional PSO; so it reduces the losses in energy during the MPPT process, and enhances the output efficiency [12]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3783012915,"citingcorpusid":244766315,"citedcorpusid":27099779,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[20] reported that eugenol functions as a pro-oxidant due to the high level of mitochondrial dysfunction it causes as a result of the pro-oxidative activity of eugenol involving ROS.","generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [19,20].","Atsumi et al. [20] reported that eugenol functions as a pro-oxidant due to the high level of mitochondrial dysfunction it causes as a result of the pro-oxidative activity of eugenol involving ROS.","Eugenol modulates the expression of several key molecules that regulate cellular processes through different mechanisms depending on its concentration and promotes apoptosis in malignant cells through loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [19,20]."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":312546491,"citingcorpusid":7904691,"citedcorpusid":31542887,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Lasting between1/25th to 1/5th of a second [ 6 ], micro-expressions can be classified, based on how an expression is modified, into three types [5]: • Type 1. Simulated Expressions: When a microexpressions is not accompanied by a genuine expression."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2873563578,"citingcorpusid":18822365,"citedcorpusid":31542887,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Such studies reveal that the facial expressions that correspond to particular emotions are primarily innate, with only slight cultural differentiation (Ekman, 1992; Ekman & Friesman, 1971)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":321686465,"citingcorpusid":26804808,"citedcorpusid":31542887,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Additional factor analyses conducted independently on explicit emotion identification and implicit emotion recognition confirmed the presence of core dimensions for basic expressions of happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, and neutral (Ekman, 1992, 1993; R. C. Gur et al., 2002).","Substantial research by Ekman and colleagues points to the presence of distinct constructs of emotion, related to the five basic and universal emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, and fear (e.g., Ekman, 1992, 1993).","Substantial research by Ekman and colleagues points to the presence of distinct constructs of emotion, related to the five basic and universal emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, and fear (eg,  Ekman, 1992 ,  1993 )."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":879246903,"citingcorpusid":15373072,"citedcorpusid":12508022,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Repetitive motion in the occupational environment has been identified as a risk factor for neuromuscular disorders in epidemiological studies (Silverstein et al., 1986; NIOSH, 1996, 1999; Department of Labor, 1995; Pope, 1996).","Overall, the epidemiological data (Silverstein et al., 1986) is confirmed by experimental work (Williams et al., 2000; Jackson et al., 2001; Claude et al., 2003) that prolonged cyclic flexion/extension elicits a musculoskeletal disorder the extent of which is dependent on the load applied.","Silverstein et al. (1986) pointed out in an epidemiological study that the risk factors associated with repetitive motion work are multifactorial, being dependent on the magnitude of forces generated in each repetition, the number of repetitions for a given period and the duration of the work…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":887102542,"citingcorpusid":62782932,"citedcorpusid":23861910,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The most widely accepted hyperactivity theory states that locally induced hyperactivity of the dental lamina results in supernumerary teeth, with the lingual extension of an additional bud leading to a eumorphic mesiodens, while the rudimentary shaped tooth arises from proliferation of epithelial remnants of the dental lamina [1,8].","Mesiodentes appear with a higher frequency in man than in women with a 2:1 ratio [8].","Most of these teeth are located in the maxilla, especially in the premaxilla [8]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":79455638,"citingcorpusid":25458418,"citedcorpusid":12508022,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Occupational risk factors, which were found to be associated with a higher occurrence rate of CTS, include job tasks with highly repetitive movements of the fingers and/or the wrists [1±6], utilization of vibrating tools [5,6], use of continuous force [3], or certain occupations such as housewives [7], musicians, meat and fish handlers [8], or jobs requiring extreme flexion of the wrist [9]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":80643877,"citingcorpusid":6498026,"citedcorpusid":2595024,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Evidence suggests that estrogen receptors have been widely detected in lung cancer cells, indicating that sex steroid may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of lung neoplastic diseases [59,60]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1194763153,"citingcorpusid":26427278,"citedcorpusid":22914490,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Long-term visual loss in CSC can be the result of a number of causes, including retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) atrophy, persistent RPE detachment, cystoid macular degeneration, persistent subretinal fluid, iatrogenic laser-induced injury, and choroidal neovascularization.(1) Cystoid macular edema (CME) is an infrequent manifestation of CSC, and our knowledge about the pathophysiology and management of this complication is poorly understood."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1194763148,"citingcorpusid":26427278,"citedcorpusid":39085835,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["occurrence of intraretinal cystoid spaces without leakage on fluorescein angiography.(2,8,9) Cystoid macular degeneration is a recognized complication of chronic CSC and is caused by chronic foveal detachment, long-standing intraretinal fluid, and persistent RPE disease."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2750530656,"citingcorpusid":25486958,"citedcorpusid":29640637,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Tax protein was detected with an anti-Tax rabbit antibody ( 26 ) or mouse monoclonal * Corresponding author."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3318731167,"citingcorpusid":233237079,"citedcorpusid":55630786,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Wu et al.(186,275) reported cascaded four-wavemixing with graphene-coated-MF structure because of graphene’s ultrahigh third-order nonlinearity."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1914935867,"citingcorpusid":128408008,"citedcorpusid":121673541,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["From a physical point of view, wild res have often been modelled as nonequilibrium percolating–non-percolating phase transitions in systems with non-zero energy uxes (Mac Kay and Jan 1984, Ohtsuky and Keyes 1986, von Niessen and Blumen 1986, Bak et al. 1990, Drossel and Schwabl 1992)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3632802523,"citingcorpusid":245329562,"citedcorpusid":955851,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To reconstruct the trajectory of athletes in winter sport disciplines, the current standard practice [12, 16] is to put sensor devices (e."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":250670618,"citingcorpusid":30566783,"citedcorpusid":19120732,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some stud‐ ies reported that women have an increased risk of developing MS [192,208,210–213] although not always significantly [214,215]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3434260542,"citingcorpusid":237349074,"citedcorpusid":52522232,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The colour of fluorescence within a compound is governed by the position of different functional groups [41]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":990234326,"citingcorpusid":58951742,"citedcorpusid":10494081,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The formation of Ang II was demonstrated despite the complete inhibition of converting enzyme (25)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2166914023,"citingcorpusid":49409957,"citedcorpusid":84797001,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These models are widely used in estimating the quality of fresh food products [29].","In food engineering, kinetic models are widely used to describe temperaturerelated chemical reactions and quality parameters in food [29].","According to Arrhenius’ law [29], this temperature dependent relation can be described as follows: ln r r0 = Ea RT , (5) where r0 = 8."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3313147749,"citingcorpusid":233351072,"citedcorpusid":56523652,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Importantly, the emergence of biliary injury has undoubtedly turned this simple and harmless operation into a complicated nightmare for patients [91]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1173309615,"citingcorpusid":170378881,"citedcorpusid":84797001,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["46, respectivamente lo cual pone de manifiesto la discrepancia con los modelos tradicionales [14]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1160206180,"citingcorpusid":161468497,"citedcorpusid":110797512,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…hydrologique de la Loire est connu pour :\n- le contraste entre le fonctionnement hydrologique de sa partie amont et moyenne,\n- et une grande variabilité inter-annuelle et intraannuelle des débits (tableau I), avec des crues et des étiages pouvant être très sévères [DACHARY, 1974 ; DUBAND, 1996]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3879253416,"citingcorpusid":248322146,"citedcorpusid":25721610,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Intravenous GC (IVGC) are currently recommended as first-line treatment by the international consortium EUGOGO and the European Endocrine (ESE) and Thyroid (ETA) societies [1,19,20]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2693509973,"citingcorpusid":44519997,"citedcorpusid":32569761,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This model was based on the observation that a strong inhibitory region is present immediately upstream of the core Ly49 promoters (39, 40, 42); however, no such region was detected in the KIR3DL1 promoter (80, 81)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":359138384,"citingcorpusid":17833973,"citedcorpusid":55624369,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In single electron systems the electrons require a minimum amount of energy for tunneling through the barrier known as electron addition energy(EA) given by [6]: 1\nEA ≈ EC ≈ e2\nCΣ (1)\nwhere CΣ is the total island capacitance with respect to ground and is given by CTD+ CTS+ CG+ CG2."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2739370701,"citingcorpusid":1421301,"citedcorpusid":45126227,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, the significant incidence of sudden death events in these families is in contrast to previous descriptions in cTnI families where cardiac hypertrophy is modest and adverse clinical outcomes relatively rare [5,11,12]."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":265252567,"citingcorpusid":21216039,"citedcorpusid":4271829,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Analyses of the mtDNA sequence data revealed only three unique variants occur in Taiwan (designated haplotypes H5, H22, and H36; see Shoemaker and Ross, 1996), all of which are commonly observed in fire ants from the U.S.A. Individuals from the Taoyuan population harbored either the H36 or H5 mtDNA…","In contrast, colony genetic structure of P social form does differ between native South America and introduced populations in the U.S.A. (Ross et al. , 1996).","…or nonexistent interform divergence at nuclear genes also is consistent with studies of S. invicta in the U.S.A. showing that queens of the P form predominantly mate with males of the M form where the two forms co-occur (Ross and Shoemaker, 1993; Ross and Keller, 1995; Shoemaker and Ross, 1996).","These pest attributes of S. invicta presumably are attributable largely to the fact that the introduced populations have almost none of the competitors and natural enemies that normally act to suppress their populations, with the effect that population densities in the U.S.A. are orders of magnitude greater than in the native South American range (Porter et al. , 1992, 1997; Morrison, 2000).","Results showed that the NA and HE in Taiwan and the U.S.A. populations were consistently lower than in South American fire ant populations.","…areas (Ross and Fletcher, 1985a, 1986; Krieger et al. , 1999) severely restrict female-mediated gene flow and limit male-mediated interform gene flow mostly to instances involving M males mating with P females (Ross and Shoemaker, 1993, 1997; Shoemaker and Ross, 1996; Shoemaker et al. , 2006).","We also compared NA (number of observed alleles, Table 2) and HE (expected heterozygosity, Table 2) among the South American, U.S.A. and Taiwanese populations to determine whether a genetic signature characteristic of a bottleneck was evident for the latter populations.","The lack of detectable isolation by distance within the P form at both studied sites was somewhat unexpected considering the reproductive habits of P queens, which often mate in or near their natal nests and form new colonies by budding or by entering into nearby existing nests (Shoemaker and Ross, 1996; Ross et al. , 1997; Ross and Shoemaker, 1997).","Interestingly, estimates of NA and HE (Table 2) are remarkably similar for introduced populations from Taiwan and the U.S.A., and considerably lower than those from the native South American range.","…as a result of behavioral decisions (attributed largely to differences in genotypes of queens at the single gene, Gp-9) made by both queens and workers (Shoemaker and Ross, 1996; Ross and Shoemaker, 1997; Keller and Ross, 1998; DeHeer et al. , 1999; Goodisman et al., 2000; Ross and Keller, 2002).","…P form at both studied sites was somewhat unexpected considering the reproductive habits of P queens, which often mate in or near their natal nests and form new colonies by budding or by entering into nearby existing nests (Shoemaker and Ross, 1996; Ross et al. , 1997; Ross and Shoemaker, 1997).","While an extensive body of literature exists on studies of S. invicta from native South American and introduced populations in the U.S.A., few studies have been conducted on S. invicta in these more recently invaded areas (Henshaw et al., 2005; Chen et al. , 2006).","Additionally, we also compared NA and HE for the populations from South America (Ross et al., 2007), the U.S.A. (Shoemaker et al., 2006) and Taiwan and examined the bottleneck effect in Taiwanese populations if results showed NA similar between U.S.A. and Taiwan but considerably lower than those found in South America.",", 1999) severely restrict female-mediated gene flow and limit male-mediated interform gene flow mostly to instances involving M males mating with P females (Ross and Shoemaker, 1993, 1997; Shoemaker and Ross, 1996; Shoemaker et al. , 2006).","This exotic pest was inadvertently introduced into the U.S.A. from South America about 75 years ago.","These data also are consistent with data from earlier studies of monogyne S. invicta colonies in both the U.S.A. (Ross and Fletcher, 1985b) and South America (Ross et al. , 1997) and suggest that the social and mating biology of M queens is virtually invariant, with M nests representing closed societies headed by one singly-mated reproductive queen.","The finding of contrasting patterns of differentiation between the two genomes parallels results from earlier studies involving S. invicta in both the U.S.A. and South America (Shoemaker and Ross, 1996; Ross et al. , 1997; Shoemaker et al. , 2006).","Queens of each social form rarely succeed in becoming reproductives in colonies of the alternate form as a result of behavioral decisions (attributed largely to differences in genotypes of queens at the single gene, Gp-9) made by both queens and workers (Shoemaker and Ross, 1996; Ross and Shoemaker, 1997; Keller and Ross, 1998; DeHeer et al. , 1999; Goodisman et al., 2000; Ross and Keller, 2002).","Gene flow between sympatric social forms\nThe pronounced mtDNA differentiation between sympatric social forms in Taoyuan is consistent with results from earlier studies in both South America and the U.S.A. showing that interform gene flow mediated by queens is rare or absent.","Finally, previous studies have shown that the unique social and breeding biology of each social form can act as strong constraints on particular routes of interform gene flow (Shoemaker and Ross, 1996).","showing that queens of the P form predominantly mate with males of the M form where the two forms co-occur (Ross and Shoemaker, 1993; Ross and Keller, 1995; Shoemaker and Ross, 1996).","These differences in queen number and relatedness\nbetween the two ranges are consistent with predictions based on differences in the population densities of ants in these two areas (Ross et al. , 1996), which are substantially higher in the U.S.A. compared to South America (Porter et al. , 1997).","In order to minimize the effect of population size, we randomly selected 30 individuals from the U.S.A. and South American dataset (Shoemaker et al. , 2006; Ross et al. , 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["result"],null,null,["background"],null,["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null,null,["background"],null,null,["result"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":223364977,"citingcorpusid":16469963,"citedcorpusid":55624369,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The massive nature of defects during manufacturing of nanoscale or molecular scale devices [2,3] expected to plague early generations of nanometric devices demand fundamentally original approaches to"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3315228191,"citingcorpusid":233394447,"citedcorpusid":123624867,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To provide some context, it is well known that the empirical frequency of no-regret play in finite games converges to the set of coarse correlated equilibria (CCE) – also known as the game’s Hannan set [18, 19]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":49950318,"citingcorpusid":14505979,"citedcorpusid":55624369,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For nano-electronics, SET is considered the ultimate low-power technology [5].","In order to estimate the energy required by our SET solutions, we consider the size of an SET transistor to be about 1nm (similar to a voltage-gated ion channel, but also consistent with requirements for room temperature operation [5]).","SETs are quantum-based devices relying on Coulomb blockade [5]."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":432562296,"citingcorpusid":18675994,"citedcorpusid":55624369,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["e system and the transfer of single electrons can be controlled by a gate voltage. Electronic transport in such devices was extensively studied in the past decade, but mainly in the nonmagnetic limit [14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]. Recent experiments on magnetic nano-structured materials revealed new CONTENTS 4 phenomena associated with the interplay of ferromagnetism and discrete charging effects. A typical example is a ferrom"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2725865473,"citingcorpusid":13102468,"citedcorpusid":55624369,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":161737829,"citingcorpusid":15648844,"citedcorpusid":55624369,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recently, there has been a strong renewed interest in threshold logic because several emerging switching devices that might serve as alternatives to CMOS such as resonant tunneling diodes [5], [6], quantum cellular automata [7], and single electron transistors [8]–[10] can implement threshold…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3286438894,"citingcorpusid":201241008,"citedcorpusid":93077137,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Despite the use of labels, the narrow vibrational Raman peaks enabled a high degree of spectral multiplexing, by enabling ease of resolving presence of a large population of molecules in a single spot [50]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1838003293,"citingcorpusid":212894967,"citedcorpusid":55624369,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["L’opération des SET se faisant dans le régime à grand nombre d’électrons (∼100), la séparation d’énergie des orbitales est négligeable [174], de sorte que Eadd ∼ EC, et l’espacement entre les pics de Coulomb est régulier.","Dans le modèle à interaction constante des boîtes quantiques (voir les articles de revue [172, 173, 174, 175, 22, 176]), on considère le couplage capacitif entre les boîtes, les grilles de contrôle ainsi que les canaux source et drain pour en calculer les propriétés (Fig."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":113605087,"citingcorpusid":2153583,"citedcorpusid":55624369,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The presence of the electron prevents tunneling of additional electrons and thus forms the basis for memory and switching [12]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":974246631,"citingcorpusid":22300630,"citedcorpusid":24756441,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A previous study by Riley and Parasakthi [8] evaluating the use of the BACTEC anaerobic bottle in children over a 1-year study period from September 1994 to 1995 found an overall decrease in isolation rates from 11.0% to 9.9% if anaerobic bottles were excluded.","Riley and Parasakthi [8] reported that when both aerobic and anaerobic bottles were positive, clinically significant isolates were isolated in 19.","Numerous studies have addressed the issue of whether paired blood culture bottles should routinely include an anaerobic bottle or a second aerobic bottle, and the findings have been varied [2,4,6-8].","Riley and Parasakthi [8] reported that when both aerobic and anaerobic bottles were positive, clinically significant isolates were isolated in 19.8% occasions from the aerobic bottle first and in 9.0% occasions from the anaerobic bottle first.","445© 2007 Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection\nEvaluation of the routine use of the anaerobic bottle when using the BACTEC blood culture system\nRina Karunakaran1, Nadeem Sajjad Raja1, Kia Fatt Quek2, Victor C.W. Hoe2, Parasakthi Navaratnam1\nDepartments of 1Medical Microbiology and 2Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia\nReceived: May 10, 2006 Revised: November 29, 2006 Accepted: January 5, 2007\nCorresponding author: Dr. Rina Karunakaran, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia.","A previous study by Riley and Parasakthi [8] evaluating the use of the BACTEC anaerobic bottle in children over a 1-year study period from September 1994 to 1995 found an overall decrease in isolation rates from 11."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":2310486976,"citingcorpusid":42491094,"citedcorpusid":6421868,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Comentario 2: La investigación de este escrito es diferente con los estudios de [12], [15] y [32].","En [15] el sistema de visión monocular se usa para la estimación de la dirección de una bola empleada en el juego de soccer.","[15] E.","Considerando la investigación previa, en [12], [15], y [32], se usa la visión para la estimación de algunas variables.","com trayectoria [6], [27], [28], con redes neuronales [20], con mínimos cuadrados [24], con lógica difusa [11], el óptimo [30], y con visión [12], [15], [32]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3679871992,"citingcorpusid":247044834,"citedcorpusid":82482694,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[44] reported the ripening of the fruits as a result, in which physiology and biochemistry of the organs are developed to influence the properties of fruits such as texture, flavor, color, aroma, and appearance."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3393046325,"citingcorpusid":236360653,"citedcorpusid":230542782,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["candidate in the field of medical science, due to their vast applications [13–15] in the preparation of biopharmaceutical and biocosmetic products [7,12,16,17]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2561301556,"citingcorpusid":129729552,"citedcorpusid":129789785,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The coefficients A and B equaled 1.073 and -0.318, respectively; thus, the stability criterion was [ 5 ]:"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3215251173,"citingcorpusid":229267449,"citedcorpusid":129789785,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Therefore, tunnel support design in a weak rock provides some difficult task to the geotechnical engineers, because wrong estimation of the support design can cause some serious problems and it may lead to the costly failures (Hoek 1998).","Likewise, detection of possible rock mass deformation near the tunnel is also mandatory for adequate support design (Hoek 1998; Basarir et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3393046293,"citingcorpusid":236360653,"citedcorpusid":98536827,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recent reports suggest that the use of biological methods of nanoparticles synthesis is less toxic, safe and environmentally friendly [28,29]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1643309399,"citingcorpusid":190097444,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3723008601,"citingcorpusid":248152183,"citedcorpusid":23591979,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Nor did simvastatin [53], housing mice in an enriched environment [56], melatonin [43], or carbon monoxide [41].","1 3 Of the 17 studies indirectly targeting inflammation, all but one (carbon monoxide [41]) exerted a significant effect on inflammation (Table 4).","Progesterone, on its own [52] or with aminophylline [54], significantly increased gestational length, as did vitamin D [61], zinc [58], hydrogen sulphide [48], and carbon monoxide [41].","Further studies applied, melatonin [43], vitamin D [61], zinc [58], hydrogen sulphide [48], and carbon monoxide [41]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2101727368,"citingcorpusid":155396479,"citedcorpusid":154716307,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["By driving and stimulating regional entrepreneurship, universities link various modes of knowledge and technology transfer and cause regional concentration of knowledge (Fromhold-Eisebith and Werker 2013).","Fromhold-Eisebith and Werker (2013) deduced five functions of universities by using four different theoretical approaches, namely, new production of knowledge theory, triple-helix model, regional ISs, and social network theory.","Their roles include the indicators of\nteaching (Dasgupta and David 1994), research (Dasgupta and David 1994; Fromhold-Eisebith and Werker 2013), social (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff 1997; Hamlyn 2013) and entrepreneurial activities (Etzkowitz 1983; Fromhold-Eisebith and Werker 2013).","transfer and cause regional concentration of knowledge (Fromhold-Eisebith and Werker 2013).","teaching (Dasgupta and David 1994), research (Dasgupta and David 1994; Fromhold-Eisebith and Werker 2013), social (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff 1997; Hamlyn 2013) and entrepreneurial activities (Etzkowitz 1983; Fromhold-Eisebith and Werker 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":342080031,"citingcorpusid":11768344,"citedcorpusid":5058665,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["We adopt the standard technique in [12].","We refer the readers to [12] for more details.","Examples of endpoint refinement in [12].","They are usually refined and decomposed into a few basic primitives [12], [13], which are more stable representations to different user styles."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":203749800,"citingcorpusid":21931688,"citedcorpusid":14309214,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Can and E.A. Ozkarahan, “Concepts and effectiveness of the cover-coefficient-based clustering methodology for text databases,” ACM Trans.","This is in contrast to the content based recommender, where the Can metric limits the number of the clusters and this in turn directly affects the size of each cluster and the number of recommended forum users.","For this our method uses a heuristic proposed by Can [16] that considers the degree to which each post differs from the other posts."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":589976259,"citingcorpusid":55663673,"citedcorpusid":135401812,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This form occurs with Ercumentina sayqensis n. gen. n. sp., Lacazinella rogeri n. sp., Mandanella cf. flabelliformis raHagHi and Kathina sp.\nClass: Tubothalamea pawlowSKi, Holzmann, JaroSlaw and tySzKa, 2013\nOrder: Miliolida (delage and Hérouard, 1896) Superfamily: Alveolinoidea eHrenberg, 1839 Globoreticulinidae new family Type genus: Globoreticulina raHagHi, 1978\nDiagnosis.","…n. sp., Mandanella cf. flabelliformis raHagHi and Kathina sp.\nClass: Tubothalamea pawlowSKi, Holzmann, JaroSlaw and tySzKa, 2013\nOrder: Miliolida (delage and Hérouard, 1896) Superfamily: Alveolinoidea eHrenberg, 1839 Globoreticulinidae new family Type genus: Globoreticulina raHagHi, 1978\nDiagnosis.","Paleocene larger foraminifera biostratigraphy from Oman Mountains\n331\nGENUS Miscellanites Hottinger, 2009\nType species: Miscellanea iranica (raHagHi, 1983) Miscellanites globularis (raHagHi, 1978) (Fig.","The two species that Rahaghi attributed to Globoreticulina raHagHi, G. iranica raHagHi (the type species of the genus) and G. paleocenica raHagHi, show some essential architectural differences that constitute the base of their differentiation at genus level.","The subfamily Malatyninae erected by Hottinger (2007) should be revised in a comprehensive study involving all Globoreticulina-like morphotypes.","The species Globoreticulina iranica raHagHi, from the Middle Eocene of the Shiraz area (Iran), shows a streptospiral nepiont, whereas G. paleocenica raHagHi, from the upper Paleocene of the same area, has a megalosphere followed by planispiral, involute chambers.","Revision of the foraminiferal genus Globoreticulina raHagHi, 1978, and of its associated fauna of larger foraminifera from the late Middle Eocene of Iran.","This new family has been erected in order to include all morphotypes that are architecturally related, such as Globoreticulina iranica, Globoreticulina paleocenica, and Ercumentina sayqensis new genus new species."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],null,null,null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":252529344,"citingcorpusid":16798928,"citedcorpusid":14309214,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["C’ matrix in C(3)M algorithm [2] is used to make term clusters.","C(3)M Cover Coefficient-based Clustering Methodology (C (3)M) is originally proposed by Can and Ozkarahan [2] to clu ster text documents.","Cover Coefficient-based Clustering Methodology (C 3 M) is originally proposed by Can and Ozkarahan [2] to cluster text documents.","In their original work, Can and Ozkarahan, they showed that the complexity of C 3 M is better than most other clustering algorithms, whose complexities range from O(m 2 ) to O(m 3 )."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],null,null]}
{"citationid":115776120,"citingcorpusid":10410409,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Pancreatic function shows gross compromise in both the groups (Ali et al 2001).","TCP patients, by definition, have normal blood glucose both in fasting and postprandial states, their insulin/C-peptide levels are also found to be comparable to control (Rahman et al 2000; Ali et al 2001).","Assessment of pancreatic function by the secretin induced bicarbonate output (Rossi et al 2004) and by fecal elastase-1 (Ali et al 2001) echoes the findings of morphological investigations."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3917646706,"citingcorpusid":252097724,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":220884498,"citingcorpusid":27634262,"citedcorpusid":14842110,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Common Knowledge Application and Discovery (KADS) framework [2], is a popular modeling framework which has been used in a wide range of applications ranging from smart spatial sensors [3] to medical diagnosis [4]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":888633426,"citingcorpusid":59446469,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, these experiences have not been sufficiently systematized nor evaluated (Norgaard & Sikor, 1999), especially when compared with the amount of literature that has analyzed the causes of\nCorporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria\n65\nCorpoica Cienc Tecnol Agropecuaria, Mosquera…","…behavior in relation to the context, given that they are modifying their practices permanently depending on the same through adjustments (Norgaard & Sikor, 1999), and through the incorporation or generation of new technologies, characteristics of these modifications are linked with the…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":888633690,"citingcorpusid":59446469,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…from an environmental point of view, these alternative technologies were considered more sustainable than the classical modern ones, and they became conceptual pillars of new promotion practices and political discourses (Cáceres, 1998; Cáceres, Silvetti, Soto, & Rebolledo, 1997; Serrano, 2015).","…vs. endotech-\nnologies, modern vs. traditional, and modern vs. intermediate or at), it would be convenient to solve the causes of the problems and not its effects (Cáceres, 2015), in order to achieve a really appropriable or adoptable technology instead of an appropriate one (Serrano, 2015).","The probability of their adoption would increase on one side, by allowing the producer decrease its market dependence and, on the other hand, it would be eased by including technological changes made endogenously by direct beneficiaries (Serrano, 2015)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4069233018,"citingcorpusid":257164980,"citedcorpusid":97294212,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(2) According to the widely used hierarchical theory of aggregate\nformation, the cementing or binding agents of macroaggregates are relatively labile organic matter fractions, proposed by Tisdall and Oades (1982)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2632853435,"citingcorpusid":56585941,"citedcorpusid":20381353,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Most students welcome increased autonomy and a chance to practice skills in clinical settings.(8) Clinical educators can help to direct students by identifying appropriate cases where skills may be practised."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2660058869,"citingcorpusid":22502917,"citedcorpusid":23905523,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The concept of accommodation was developed from observations in certain cases of human renal allotransplantation across the ABO barrier, where rejection could be prevented by removing abs by plasmapheresis before and during a short time following engraftment [2,3]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1898139839,"citingcorpusid":42409179,"citedcorpusid":23905523,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Other groups have reported that in humans, accommodation is associated with up-regulation and down-regulation of multiple genes (34), suggesting that accommodation may involve several pathways."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2101740796,"citingcorpusid":158921159,"citedcorpusid":140171759,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…large-N quantitative studies crossing different geographic levels, the regional disparity of the climate-war nexus is also demonstrated (Zhang et al. 2005; Zhang et al. 2006; Zhang et al. 2007a; Zhang et al. 2007b; Lee et al. 2013; Lee et al. 2015b; Lee et al. 2016a; Lee et al. 2017b; Lee 2018).","With the availability of ENSO reconstruction (Li et al. 2013; Li et al. 2011) and historical war data (Editorial Committee of Chinese Military History 1985; Chen 1986), the influence of ENSO on wars in pre-industrial China can potentially be explored.","They emphasize the particular role of ENSO in explaining past spatial and temporal variation in civil conflicts throughout the tropics.","Nevertheless, there is not any quantitative analysis of the influence of ENSO on wars in the pre-industrial period.","In parallel, Hsiang, Meng, and Cane (2011) demonstrate the influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on wars.","China is a region affected by ENSO (Lee et al. 2015a; Lee, Zhang, and Pei 2015c).","Lee et al. (2015b) 1400– 1999 1-yr Temp & precip Europe Eastern Europe, Western Europe Time-series Yes Yes 22.","In future research, it is suggested that the dimensions of wars to be examined should be clearly specified; the regional and inter-regional analysis of the climate-war nexus should be prioritized; non-linear statistical methods could be applied; the influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation ENSO on wars in historical China could be explored; and the influence of adaptation and mitigation in mediating the climate-war nexus could be further investigated.","On the other hand, as human societies have always been developing and transforming, the climate-society nexus cannot be assumed as constant over\n136 H. F. LEE\ntime (Lee et al. 2015b; Lee et al. 2016b; Lee et al. 2017b; Lee et al. under review).","Climate-man nexus is highly complex and contextual in nature (Lee et al. 2015b; Pei, Zhang, and Lee 2016a)."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1574081798,"citingcorpusid":1434383,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The classification confidence , which was theoretically proved to be a key factor on the generalization performance (Shawe-Taylor and Cristianini, 1999), has been utilized in certain ensemble learning algorithms (Freund and Schapire, 1997; Li et al ., 2014; Quinlan, 1996; Schapire and Singer, 1999)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":895773749,"citingcorpusid":32364926,"citedcorpusid":11836617,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Furthermore, a comparatively low number of cells in a small colony can be sufficient for induction in a patchy biofilm, because in addition to cell density, spatial distribution is also a factor involved in induction [35].","[35], proposed models of quorum sensing in a well-mixed bacterial population, describing growth and AHL production in a manner representative of a batch culture experiment.","1 with the quorum sensing model for suspended populations of [35].","The specific form of the switching term is derived from Hill kinetics with a quasi-steady state assumption [35]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":849535284,"citingcorpusid":55096325,"citedcorpusid":153489291,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While much is discussed about this self-reinforcing cycle in the United States (Wiener 1996, Barnhizer 2003, Kunreuther and Pauly 2006), this issue is largely neglected within the Dutch water management policy."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4069233080,"citingcorpusid":257164980,"citedcorpusid":85284008,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", after the land-use was converted from annual crops to perennial grasses, the less physical disturbance from plowing and other agricultural activities are beneficial for the formation of soil macroaggregation (Six et al. 2000b; Bhattacharyya et al. 2009; Liang et al. 2002; Plante andMcGill 2002).","…after the land-use was converted from annual crops to perennial grasses, the less physical disturbance from plowing and other agricultural activities are beneficial for the formation of soil macroaggregation (Six et al. 2000b; Bhattacharyya et al. 2009; Liang et al. 2002; Plante andMcGill 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2533638485,"citingcorpusid":109069811,"citedcorpusid":137683669,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["More recently, the combustion of metallic suspensions at reduced-gravity was studied in aluminum [11,12], magnesium [13,14], and iron [15].","McGill University, under sponsorship from the Canadian Space Agency, has been active in metal dust combustion research, utilizing a reduced-gravity environment since 1991 [11,12,15]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4069233044,"citingcorpusid":257164980,"citedcorpusid":85070231,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The results are consistent with previous research, which is likely because planting grass especially legumes is well known to improve soil quality by increasing above- and belowground biomass inputs (Gabarron-Galeote et al. 2015)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":3140068731,"citingcorpusid":220061051,"citedcorpusid":15809678,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In parallel, we generated a similar parasite line, in which the GlmS ribozyme sequence was inactivated (M9 mutant; Prommana et al., 2013).","We additionally introduced a GlmS ribozyme (Prommana et al., 2013) sequence upstream of the 30 untranslated region that allows inducible knockdown of protein expression upon addition of glucosamine to the parasite culture medium (Figure 3A)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1779794524,"citingcorpusid":202127628,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Azokban az áram ISzM-mel vezérelt FVI-s mechanikai érzékelő nélküli KIM VH-kban, melyek a [15]-ben alkalmazott megoldáshoz hasonlóak, ahol kaszkádban kapcsolt aktív áramszabályozóval generálják a sebesség visszacsatolási értékét (vagy helyette akár nyomatékszabályozót is lehet alkalmazni), mindnél ki lehet küszöbölni a CsKo alkalmazását, és meg lehet szüntetni a Rrfüggőséget, ha olyan DMO-t alkalmazunk, melynél az orientációs mezőt az EMF integrálása alapján számoljuk.","Nem túl igényes sebességszabályozást egyszerűbb struktúrákkal is meg lehet oldani, melyeknek az egyik hátrányos oldala viszont a paraméterfüggőség [1], [15], [16] [17].","[15] Akeshi Maeda; Tung Hai Chin; Hiroichirou, Tanaka; Takashi, Koga; Ysugutosi, Ohtani: Today’s AC drive industrial application in Japan.","lás útján nyert λr mezőorientációs szöggel forgatunk vissza [1], [16], [17], akkor IMOról beszélünk [11], [15].","Ebben az esetben a kaszkádkapcsolásban bekötött sebességet generáló áramszabályozó RMO-s aktív (nyomatékképző) összetevővel dolgozik, hasonlóképpen az [1], [15], [16] és [17]-ben közölt változatokhoz.","szabályozás, mely aktív (nyomatékképző) áramösszetevővisszacsatoláson alapszik, és CsKo-val alkalmaz IMO-t [15].","Az előzőekben említett mechanikai érzékelő nélküli hajtások egyszerű szabályozási struktúrái Rr-függőek, mert mindegyik valamilyen formában alkalmazza a CsKo-t [1], [15], [16], [17].","Japánban már a ’80-as évek végén ipari alkalmazást nyert egy egyszerű, nem túl igényes, de elfogadhatóan pontos sebességszabályozás, mely aktív (nyomatékképző) áramösszetevővisszacsatoláson alapszik, és CsKo-val alkalmaz IMO-t [15]."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3140068956,"citingcorpusid":220061051,"citedcorpusid":33547702,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Interestingly, structural comparisons of PfLCN with human lipocalins (Breustedt et al., 2006) revealed that among thesePfLCN has the highest structural similarity with the high-density lipoprotein ApoD (Eichinger et al.","Interestingly, structural comparisons of PfLCN with human lipocalins (Breustedt et al., 2006) revealed that among thesePfLCN has the highest structural similarity with the high-density lipoprotein ApoD (Eichinger et al., 2007) (Figure S4) with a RMSD of 1.8 Å."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2471316362,"citingcorpusid":220721150,"citedcorpusid":23456227,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Genetic variations in ALAD have been linked to many organ damage caused by lead such as liver, kidney, and\nhematopoietic system damages (Wan et al. 2014).","Genetic variations in ALAD have been linked to many organ damage caused by lead such as liver, kidney, and hematopoietic system damages (Wan et al. 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3762756685,"citingcorpusid":234271108,"citedcorpusid":101061768,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The next step was observed in the region of 121-214 °C with a loss of 4% followed by the third step with weight loss of 48 % in between the region of 225-600 °C, which is due to the formation of sodium carbonate residue [36]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2426223335,"citingcorpusid":119178859,"citedcorpusid":60417018,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the classical theory of stochastic processes, the spectrum is related to the Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function [50].","The advantage now is that the positivity of the spectrum appears explicitly and only positive times are involved [50]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1782557311,"citingcorpusid":30088712,"citedcorpusid":8264605,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…reviews perform their analyses usually in several steps, starting with extraction of product features, identifying positive or negative sentiments on these features, and analyzing the results (Hu and Liu 2004a; Hu and Liu 2004b; Jindal and Liu 2006; Popescu and Etzioni 2005; Wei et al. 2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2365570605,"citingcorpusid":35239507,"citedcorpusid":451601,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The result is consistent with previous studies, which also showed a significant decrease of pullout strength after repetitive loading [12, 19].","In this study, a unidirectional and maximal 200 N repetitive loading was applied on the screw head in order to simulate the force generated by a patient weighing 68 kg [19]."],"intents":[["result"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1536872345,"citingcorpusid":146087951,"citedcorpusid":16438067,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Of particular interest is how small changes in the overall structure of DNA can lead to such drastic changes in the health of cells and organisms [19]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1536871143,"citingcorpusid":146087951,"citedcorpusid":3510568,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Name Evidence Types CIPHER phenotype, PPI [74] ENDEAVOUR expression, PPI, functional, text mining [1] GFINDER phenotype, expression [50] CAESAR expression, functional, text mining [24] CGPRIO sequence, functional, PPI [74] GENESEEKER expression, functional, text mining, phenotype [68]"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3736391053,"citingcorpusid":248454546,"citedcorpusid":21610363,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Accordingly, the acquisition of professional values is at the center of professional development in nursing (Bang et al., 2011).","Other studies have revealed similar results to those in this study (Arkan et al., 2019; Arries, 2020; Bang et al., 2011; Can & Acaroğlu 2015; Caner et al., 2019; Dündar, Özsoy, Toptaş & Aksu, 2019; Fernandez-Feito, Basurto-Hoyuelos, PalmeiroLongo & Garcia-Diaz 2019; Lacobucci, Daly, Lindell & Griffin 2012; Uslusoy, Gürdoğan & Aydınlı, 2017).","Other studies have revealed similar results to those in this study (Arkan et al., 2019; Arries, 2020; Bang et al., 2011; Can & Acaroğlu 2015; Caner et al., 2019; Dündar, Özsoy, Toptaş & Aksu, 2019; Fernandez-Feito, Basurto-Hoyuelos, PalmeiroLongo & Garcia-Diaz 2019; Lacobucci, Daly, Lindell &…"],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":1572066592,"citingcorpusid":201314764,"citedcorpusid":82160395,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["M. paulensis M. incanus Males Females Males Females\nEEB specimens Species values EEB specimens Species values Species values TTL 307.0 320.8 ± 4.6 (264-365) 26 319.6 ± 20.72 (296-350) 5 281.1 ± 5.8 (243-320) 19 343.0 ± 2.85 (273-431) 138 304.1 ± 3.1(240-358) 93 TL 179.0 189.7 ± 2.86 (150-212) 26 183.0 ± 7.58 (171-190) 5 164.0 ± 2.22 (145-181) 19 196.7 ± 1.60 (146-237) 138 175.6 ± 1.7 (140-200) 93 HF2 23.5 21.9 ± 0.26 (19-24) 26 21.60 ± 0.42 (21-22) 5 19.6 ± 0.33 (17-22) 22 22.1 ± 0.18 (15-28) 139 19.5 ± 0.24 (11-24) 93 EL 22.5 23.5 ± 0.29 (20-27) 26 23.10 ± 1.64 (21.5-25.5) 5 21.3 ± 0.26 (19-23) 22 27.2 ± 0.22 (20-33) 137 25.5 ± 0.21 (21-32) 93 W 67.0 42.7 ± 2.51 (20-70) 25 60.40 ± 4.98 (53-65) 5 28.0 ± 2.26 (16-47) 19 66.5 ± 2.11 (25-140) 127 42.5 ± 1.57 (20-72) 82 RW 5.65 5.98 ± 0.07 (5.4-6.7) 25 5.71 ± 0.30 (5.4-6.11) 5 5.65 ± 0.10 (5.1-6.4) 21 6.75 ± 0.05 (5.8-8.2) 131 6.16 ± 0.05 (5.4-7.3) 84 NB 4.16 — 3.93 ± 0.28 (3.71-4.41) 5 — — — LIB 6.86 6.52 ± 0.06 (5.9-7.0) 26 6.54 ± 0.14 (6.3-6.67) 5 6.13 ± 0.06 (5.6-6.8) 21 6.73 ± 0.04 (5.6-8.5) 133 6.24 ± 0.04 (5.5-7.4) 86 ZB 19.08 17.40 ± 0.30 (12.8-20.1) 24 18.81 ± 0.46 (18.12-19.2) 5 16.51 ± 0.24 (15.1-18.7) 20 19.87 ± 0.14 (17.1-23.7) 126 17.94 ± 0.14 (16.0-20.4) 76 BB 13.48 — 13.66 ± 0.30 (13.36-14.01) 5 — — — NL 17.39 17.18 ± 0.20 (15.0-19.0) 24 18.72 ± 0.64 (18.1-19.58) 5 15.81 ± 0.25 (14.2-18.1) 21 19.38 ± 0.14 (14.9-22.8) 131 17.2 ± 0.15 (14.6-21.0) 85 RL 15.4 — 16.23 ± 0.53 (15.6-16.94) 5 — — — CBL 36.03 36.67 ± 0.35 (32.6-39.9) 24 36.92 ± 0.92 (36.0-38.4) 5 34.43 ± 0.44 (31.4-37.8) 20 40.08 ± 0.24 (33.0-45.0) 122 36.37 ± 0.25 (32.1-41.2) 76 PL 20.72 — 21.12 ± 0.35 (20.79-21.65) 5 — — — MAL 14.95 — 14.95 ± 0.41 (14.39-15.35) 5 — — — MOL 7.21 7.33 ± 0.04 (6.7-7.7) 26 7.11 ± 0.15 (6.95-7.32) 5 7.13 ± 0.03 (6.9-7.4) 21 7.43 ± 0.02 (6.5-8.1) 132 7.21 ± 0.03 (6.4-7.7) 88 WM1 1.49 — 1.53 ± 0.03 (1.49-1.55) 5 — — — PW3 10.63 10.00 ± 0.07 (9.4-10.7) 25 10.72 ± 0.19 (10.45-10.95) 5 9.59 ± 0.08 (9.0-10.3) 21 10.58 ± 0.05 (9.3-11.6) 131 10.02 ± 0.05 (8.3-11.3) 83 BBC 5.79 — 6.09 ± 0.27 (5.71-6.43) 5 — — — BOL 4.64 — 4.35 ± 0.07 (4.22-4.41) 5 — — — OCB 7.7 — 7.89 ± 0.17 (7.76-8.18) 5 — — — HC1 3.37 2.33 ± 0.10 (1.51-3.58) 26 2.35 ± 0.11 (2.19-2.48) 5 1.83 ± 0.06 (1.54-2.37) 21 3.12 ± 0.05 (1.75-4.47) 132 2.84 ± 0.03 (1.76-2.84) 88\nFigure 10.","In general, our analysis of EEB specimens corroborated their suggestions, reinforcing the relevance of some traits to distinguish between M. paulensis and M. incanus.","Remarks: Mustrangi & Patton (1997) in a taxonomic review of the AF forms of Marmosops recognized M. pau‑ lensis (Marmosa incana paulensis Tate) and M.  incanus (including Marmosa incana bahiensis Tate and Marmosa incana incana Tate) as two distinct and valid species.","Descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation, range, and sample size) of body and cranio-dental measurements (mm), and weight (g), of adult specimens of Marmosops paulensis from EEB, and descriptive statistics of M. paulensis and M. incanus (Mustrangi & Patton, 1997).","These variables were based on Mustrangi & Patton (1997), Patton et  al.","And\nfor Didelphidae: Mustrangi & Patton (1997) and Voss & Jansa (2003, 2009).","A comparison between the morphometric values obtained from the EEB specimens with those published by Mustrangi & Patton (1997) reveals that the specimens from the EEB specimens are larger on average, with higher maximum values."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":1623652170,"citingcorpusid":206584631,"citedcorpusid":14606405,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["GPCR resensitization is facilitated by mechanisms that reverse the events in desensitization (dephosphorylation, deubiquitination, recycling and re-synthesis); however, the mechanistic basis of resensitization is only partially understood [87, 110-113] and future work in this area should expand our understanding."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3167200823,"citingcorpusid":184561635,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Erinnerungsorte, etc.) und axiologischen Mustern (Werte, etc.) sollen die Lernenden dazu befähigt werden, unterschiedlichen „Texten“ einen kulturell angemessenen Sinn zuzuschreiben und dadurch in der Lage sein, an Diskursen in den Zielsprachen zu partizipieren (vgl. Altmayer, 2013, S. 26–28).","Als Ziel dieses „kulturellen Lernens“ beschreibt Altmayer „[…] die Fähigkeit zur Partizipation an Diskursen in fremden Sprachen und damit an Prozessen der diskursiven Zuschreibung und Aushandlung von Bedeutungen in der fremden Sprache […]“ (Altmayer, 2013, S. 21)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":579684732,"citingcorpusid":55050006,"citedcorpusid":98304358,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Bu çalışmada hesaplanan aktivasyon enerji değerleri daha önce yapılan ve literatürde yer alan veriler [15, 21] ile uyum göstermektedir.","T ( ̊C) Deff (m2/s) Kaynak 40-70 2,28-9,52×10–10 Bu çalışma 60-80 1,01 – 4,06×10-9 [21] 70-90 1,13 – 5,65×10-10 [26] 50-80 0,93 – 8,84×10-10 [12] 30-50 1,65 – 3,41×10-9 [15]","Bu araştırmalarda konvektif [12-14], vakum [15], mikrodalga-konvektif [16] ve mikrodalgainfrared [11] gibi farklı kurutma sistemleri kullanılarak patlıcan dilimleri kurutulmuştur."],"intents":[null,null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2159152610,"citingcorpusid":219969785,"citedcorpusid":4280443,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Previous studies have shown that plasmid-harboring strains can reduce plasmid fitness costs via adaptive evolution (Bouma and Lenski, 1988; Dahlberg and Chao, 2003; Dionisio et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
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{"citationid":4055784674,"citingcorpusid":256615784,"citedcorpusid":41740402,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Near ground-state cooling can be achieved by resolved-sideband cooling [67, 68]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2670829633,"citingcorpusid":120737325,"citedcorpusid":17828614,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These techniques have been proposed quite recently in [16,17,1] and happen to be related to early work on recursive calculation of generalized inverse matrices [12,5,9,15,6]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3135275865,"citingcorpusid":225452744,"citedcorpusid":86479890,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…1989; Smithson et al. 1994), but subsequently re-interpreted as a stem amniote with possible basal ‘lepospondyl’ or microsaur affinities (Ruta et al. 2003; Ruta &\nCoates 2007; Clack &Milner 2015; Clack et al. 2016, 2019;Marjanović & Laurin 2019) or even as a stem tetrapod (Laurin & Reisz 1999).","…placements for this taxon, either as a derived stem tetrapod or as a basal crown tetrapod shifting between alternate positions on either side of the lissamphibian–amniote dichotomy (Ruta et al. 2003; Ruta & Coates 2007; Clack & Milner 2015; Clack et al. 2016, 2019; Marjanović & Laurin 2019)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3135277152,"citingcorpusid":225452744,"citedcorpusid":86146109,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This process resembles the pitted dorsal portion of the\ntabular horn seen in various anthracosauroids (e.g., Panchen 1970; Holmes 1984, 1989; Clack 1987, 2012; Panchen & Smithson 1988; Klembara 1997; Klembara&Ruta 2004a, 2005a; Ruta & Clack 2006).","Eldeceeon bears only a vague resemblance to discosauriscid seymouriamorphs (e.g., Klembara 1997; Klembara & Ruta 2004a, b, 2005a, b), especially in its deep skull, enlarged orbits, relatively foreshortened snout region, and proportions of the anterior part of the lower jaw ramus (Fig.","…strip of the lateral surface of the surangular, immediately below the dorsal margin of the bone and extending for about one-fourth of its greatest depth, shows a poorly pronounced sculpture and is likely to have accommodated the internal surface of the quadratojugal in life (see Klembara 1997).","The lower jaw is slightly more robust than that of Silvanerpeton, and reminiscent of the jaws of various discosauriscid seymouriamorphs (e.g., Klembara 1997; Klembara & Ruta 2004a, 2005a).","tabular horn seen in various anthracosauroids (e.g., Panchen 1970; Holmes 1984, 1989; Clack 1987, 2012; Panchen & Smithson 1988; Klembara 1997; Klembara&Ruta 2004a, 2005a; Ruta & Clack 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":895943509,"citingcorpusid":59328879,"citedcorpusid":86854623,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["coli pose real challenge to clinical microbiologists, clinicians, antibacterial researchers, veterinarians and food scientists [20]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":905606711,"citingcorpusid":32640949,"citedcorpusid":4350507,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Highly diverse fossils have been reported in the DST, including possible metazoan embryos (Xiao et al., 1998, 2007; Chen et al., 2004, 2009;\nHagadorn et al., 2006; Yin et al., 2007), cyanobacteria, sulfur bacteria, multicellular algae, and acanthomorphic acritarchs (Xiao, 2004; Xiao et al., 2014b;…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4015003703,"citingcorpusid":254890407,"citedcorpusid":95693542,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The effective bandwidth (Dkeff) can be expressed, according to Weber et al. (1983, 1981):\nDkeff ¼ r I kð Þdk Imax\nð5Þ\nwhere I (k) is the emission intensity at the wavelength k and Imax the intensity at the peak wavelength k."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1659754908,"citingcorpusid":208038199,"citedcorpusid":45908985,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["for various kind of implementation such as health monitoring devices [4]– [5], controlling array antenna system [6]– [7], automatic measuring tools [8]– [9], antenna direction system"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2041104933,"citingcorpusid":201351239,"citedcorpusid":49870018,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several studies have focused on this topic by introducing various image processing algorithms to detect the insulators in aerial images and its fault diagnosis [12, 13]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1227922835,"citingcorpusid":182794547,"citedcorpusid":44080848,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Torque sensing by using an optical torque sensor that is based on a photointerrupter is an attractive alternative method [2], [14], [17].","interference, noncontact measurement, compact size, cost effectiveness, and ease of fabrication [2], [14]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3804753500,"citingcorpusid":202821764,"citedcorpusid":4890300,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["18 each other for binding the microtubule lattice (Monroy et al., 2018).","Furthermore, tau can influence the attachment of kinesin to the microtubules (Seitz et al., 2002; Monroy et al., 2018), therefore the changes in tau associated with AD (Kopeikina et al.","Evidence suggests that MAPs are an integral mechanism in regulating transport by altering microtubule dynamics and the recruitment of motors (Monroy et al., 2018).","Monroy et al found that MAP7 and tau compete with\nIntroduction\neach other for binding the microtubule lattice (Monroy et al., 2018).","Furthermore, tau can influence the attachment of kinesin to the microtubules (Seitz et al., 2002; Monroy et al., 2018), therefore the changes in tau associated with AD (Kopeikina et al., 2012) could have a significant impact on axonal transport rates.","MAPs also play a key role in regulating microtubule dynamics, turnover and stabilisation as well as influencing intracellular axonal transport (Monroy et al., 2018)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1530259429,"citingcorpusid":199414606,"citedcorpusid":84311567,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":819859575,"citingcorpusid":5148675,"citedcorpusid":23577850,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Lifetime rates of mood, anxiety and personality disorders in untreated HCV-infected patients have each ranged from approximately 20% to 40% [6,7].","Given the higher rates of substance dependence in HCV-infected patient populations compared to the general population [6], treatment of concurrent substance use disorders, either through harm reduction or abstinence based models, is an important component of preHCV therapy stabilization.","It is estimated that up to 50% of patients with untreated chronic HCV suffer from psychiatric illness when substance abuse and dependence is excluded [6,7]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2520221044,"citingcorpusid":21900467,"citedcorpusid":23577850,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2761318039,"citingcorpusid":96969392,"citedcorpusid":94902728,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2629843952,"citingcorpusid":10868876,"citedcorpusid":99169352,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the last decade, sequencing batch reactors (SBR) simulating feast and famine conditions were operated by many authors (Dionisi et al. 2001; Beun et al. 2002; Serafim et al. 2004).","…et al. 2003) and microbial mixed cultures, MMC (Van Loosdrecht et al. 1997; Beccari et al. 1998; Chua and Yu 1999; Takabatake et al. 2000; Yu 2001; Carta et al. 2001; Dionisi et al. 2001, 2004; Takabatake et al. 2002; Beun et al. 2002; Chua et al. 2003; Serafim et al. 2004; Lemos et al. 2006)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":910889219,"citingcorpusid":849995,"citedcorpusid":3239798,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Autistic behaviors also have been\ninduced experimentally in a rat model using neonatal Borna disease virus (Carbone et al., 2002).","induced experimentally in a rat model using neonatal Borna disease virus (Carbone et al., 2002)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1651600778,"citingcorpusid":28788613,"citedcorpusid":12537630,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1030955307,"citingcorpusid":85134122,"citedcorpusid":85673186,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The only components with detectable crystallization in seeds and embryos (with deleterious consequences) are water and lipids, although at subzero temperatures (Vertucci, 1989; Williams, 1994)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":933045316,"citingcorpusid":24068062,"citedcorpusid":41664564,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2646302268,"citingcorpusid":56124993,"citedcorpusid":35860542,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2016901774,"citingcorpusid":22482075,"citedcorpusid":9101315,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It was unexpected that all of the healthy controls examined had TRAbs(+) cells, because in general, only Graves’ disease patients were believed to have TRAbs that stimulate thyroid follicular cells to produce excessive thyroid hormone [1,2].","cells to produce excessive thyroid hormones, resulting in hyperthyroidism [1,2]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2589531201,"citingcorpusid":31898935,"citedcorpusid":9101315,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Based on current and previous findings (1-4), we conclude that IgG production in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is increased, and becomes excessive especially under hypothyroid conditions.","The original study by Hashimoto (2) indicated a striking increase in the number lymphoid cells and scattered plasma cells in the thyroid gland; the disease is also suggested to be associated with a certain subclasses of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens (3)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1189028006,"citingcorpusid":189955255,"citedcorpusid":23461597,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["With changing the physico-chemical properties of intestinal chyme due to the presence of soluble NSPs in wheat and barley the known interaction effects of them with saturated fatty acids (Kussaibati et al., 1982) and the effect of NSP-degrading enzymes might explain some of these results."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":484460392,"citingcorpusid":49695116,"citedcorpusid":6152074,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["73 m(2)), n (%) 3868 (15) 1592 (14) 838 (19) 530 (16) 429 (14) 252 (13) 227 (17)","73 m(2)), n (%) 800 (16) 324 (14) 262 (14) 323 (8) 239 (12) 44 (15) 52 (12)"],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":2159989588,"citingcorpusid":158497113,"citedcorpusid":144488418,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similarly, Meade and Woodhouse (2000) reported the review of the New Zealand Academic Audit Unit, which claimed, among other things that trust and mutual respect has been established and universities were going beyond compliance."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":347721916,"citingcorpusid":17886370,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2468968392,"citingcorpusid":44725193,"citedcorpusid":98405178,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1137733206,"citingcorpusid":152263974,"citedcorpusid":21769839,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several studies have shown that gendered microagressions cause detrimental consequences to women’s psychological and behavioral health as well as their careers (Capodilupo et al., 2010; Crosby & Sprock, 2004)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":118067878,"citingcorpusid":9729714,"citedcorpusid":1942785,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Using a MC model with in vivo-like conditions that receives a small inhibitory 60 Hz sinusoidal conductance, we showed that these observations were characteristic of an entrainment process. The model exhibited similar phase-locked patterns of entrainment, with maximal entrainment for one SpC patterns. The spike phase distributions were similar in the model and the experimental data, and corresponded to the minimum inhibitory conductance associated with the LFP oscillation. This model suggests that there is an efficient process of entrainment in the OB that can make MC activity coherent across various OB areas during gamma oscillations. The relevance of such a mechanism is in the possibility of using it to ensure an underlying basis for neuronal assembly formation that can be used more generally by the nervous system"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1796148282,"citingcorpusid":1076238,"citedcorpusid":3388339,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The prevalence rates of HBsAg among the infants surveyed were not as low as in most field trials of HepB vaccine.(18) A"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2009692384,"citingcorpusid":214466191,"citedcorpusid":134745466,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3304194463,"citingcorpusid":230629918,"citedcorpusid":73449911,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…mindfulness application for self-empowerment in non-clinical settings such as the workplace, notably grew, likely because it allows the practiser to train focusing, monitoring, and attention skills by engaging and maintaining a specific aware and attentive mindset (Bartlett et al., 2019).","In particular, mindfulness application for self-empowerment in non-clinical settings such as the workplace, notably grew, likely because it allows the practiser to train focusing, monitoring, and attention skills by engaging and maintaining a specific aware and attentive mindset (Bartlett et al., 2019)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":388945125,"citingcorpusid":18279900,"citedcorpusid":189783537,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Due to the strong influence of coefficient variation on the zeros, as pointed out by Wilkinson [4], this shift was made in double precision arithmetic.","Due to the strong influence of coefficient variation \non the zeros, as pointed out by Wilkinson [4], this shift was made in double pre- cision arithmetic.","I f no such approximations are known, the convergence may be much slower or, in certain cases, may not take place at all [4].","I t is of interest to compare this procedure with the very elaborate programs described in [4].","The failures are traceable, we believe, to the fundamental \nproblems of finding zeros in single precision arithmetic, as discussed by Wilkinson [4].","The failures are traceable, we believe, to the fundamental problems of finding zeros in single precision arithmetic, as discussed by Wilkinson [4]."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,["background"],["methodology"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3557342958,"citingcorpusid":237636664,"citedcorpusid":139100220,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1761275418,"citingcorpusid":129172970,"citedcorpusid":123744979,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Synoptic-scale cold surges have been mostly described for regions such as Southeast Asia (bordered by the Himalayan Plateau), North and Central America (east of the Rockies and Mexican Sierras), and South America (to the east of the Andes cordillera) (see Figure 1).","For instance, cold surges over subtropical South America selected using NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data correspond well with cold surges identified using surface observations over southeast Brazil (Garreaud, 2000).","The amplitude of the poleward heat and moisture transport in the lower troposphere over subtropical South America (22°C m s−1 and 12 g kg−1 m s−1, respectively, at 925 hPa) is larger, by a factor 1.5,\nCopyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society Int.","Mountain–no mountain numerical experiments of cold surges over Southeast Asia (Tilley, 1990), North America (Hartjenstein and Bleck, 1991) and South America (Knight D, 1998, personal communication) have resulted in similar conclusions: in the absence of the relevant mountain range, cold surges do not propagate equatorward, but rather the simulated cold outbreaks progress eastward with the mid-level wave.","…Ratisbona, 1976; Kousky, 1979; Garreaud and Wallace, 1998; Liebmann et al., 1999) that account for up to 40% of the summertime precipitation over subtropical South America (Garreaud and Wallace, 1998) and can reach as far as the northern coast of the continent (e.g. Kiladis and Weickmann, 1997).","In South America, episodic incursions of cold air into tropical and subtropical latitudes are a distinctive year-round feature of the synoptic climatology of the region to the east of the Andes (e.g. Kousky and Cavalcanti, 1997; Krishnamurti et al., 1999; Vera and Vigliarolo, 1999; Garreaud, 2000).","The clearest case is found over South America during the austral winter\nCopyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society Int.","Figure 10 shows an example of such a calculation over South America during the austral winter.","Daily (12:00 universal time coordinated (UTC)) data from a radiosonde station at Resistencia (27.3°S, 60°W, 52 m mean sea level (MSL)), within the path of the South American cold surges, from May to September 1994, allow a preliminary assessment of the errors associated with our reanalysis-based calculation of T to be presented.","An example of such a partition is shown in Figure 9 for a column over subtropical South America: the vertically integrated (925–600 hPa) T − + accounts for 85% of the total meridional heat flux.","…they are accompanied by synoptic-scale bands of deep convection at the leading edge of the cool air (Parmenter, 1976; Ratisbona, 1976; Kousky, 1979; Garreaud and Wallace, 1998; Liebmann et al., 1999) that account for up to 40% of the summertime precipitation over subtropical South America…","The strong divergence of the transient heat flux at the equatorial border of the subtropical maxima implies a significant cooling in the seasonal energy balance in the lower troposphere over subtropical South America, Central America and Southeast Asia.","Over Central America, Southeast Asia and subtropical South America the ratio of the components associated with cold surges (T − − in the Northern Hemisphere and T − + in the Southern Hemisphere) to the total flux is in the range 0.6–0.8, indicating that subtropical maxima of meridional heat transport are largely due to cold surges.","The signatures of cold surges over subtropical South America are much clearer than the signatures of North American and Southeast Asian cold surges.","Summertime episodes produce less dramatic fluctuations in temperature and pressure, owing to the smaller seasonal temperature gradient between mid and low latitudes, but they are accompanied by synoptic-scale bands of deep convection at the leading edge of the cool air (Parmenter, 1976; Ratisbona, 1976; Kousky, 1979; Garreaud and Wallace, 1998; Liebmann et al., 1999) that account for up to 40% of the summertime precipitation over subtropical South America (Garreaud and Wallace, 1998) and can reach as far as the northern coast of the continent (e.g. Kiladis and Weickmann, 1997).","We speculate that the clear signatures over South America are a consequence of the favourable topography and the lack of other subtropical synoptic-scale phenomena."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1608613979,"citingcorpusid":202686886,"citedcorpusid":3940560,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The flexibility of PLA film would be increased significantly by blending a small amount of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), and it was convenient to retain the freshness of packaged green onion [18]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3545345575,"citingcorpusid":238228405,"citedcorpusid":39698842,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3356190627,"citingcorpusid":231585070,"citedcorpusid":3549244,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Aging causes senescenceassociated phenotypes in joints, such as increased production of matrix metalloproteinases and cytokines, reduced levels of collagen\ntype II and aggrecan synthesis, and increased production of ROS.12 In this study, we found that D-gal induces the senescence of synovial membrane cells, accompanied by HA downregulation.","matrix metalloproteinases and cytokines, reduced levels of collagen type II and aggrecan synthesis, and increased production of ROS.(12) In this study, we found that D-gal induces the senescence of synovial membrane cells, accompanied by HA downregulation."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":4059634269,"citingcorpusid":896945,"citedcorpusid":41660646,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Previous studies in Europe have concluded that the use of aprotinin decreases postoperative blood loss by about one-half.(5),6 In addition to inhibiting trypsin, kallikrein, and plasmin, aprotinin is also thought to preserve the adhesive abilities of platelets via the glycoprotein Ib (GP Ib) receptor."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1761276656,"citingcorpusid":129172970,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The synoptic-scale precursors and structural evolution of east Asian cold surges are summarized by Chang et al. (1979), Boyle and Chen (1987), and more recently by Wu and Chan (1995, 1997), while their dynamics have been addressed in modelling studies, among others, by Lim and Chang (1981, 1987),…","Several studies have also emphasized the impact of these surges on the convective activity over the maritime continent to the south of east Asia (e.g. Chang et al., 1979; Chang and Lau, 1981; Boyle and Chen, 1987) and upon the onset of the Australian monsoon (Williams, 1981; Davidson et al., 1983)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3356190517,"citingcorpusid":231585070,"citedcorpusid":8721168,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It indicated that SI-613 holds great promise for the treatment of knee OA.20 Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs exert favourable effects on the management of OA via COX-2 inhibition, and subsequently the repression of prostaglandin (PG) production.","Data obtained from three independent experiments were shown as mean ± SD. *P   .05, **P   .01 compared with control\naccelerates the development of OA.","High levels of inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) frequently occur in the synovial fluid of OA.","As aging is the primary risk factor for the development of OA.","Another study indicated that melatonin protects the articular cartilage from OA-induced degradation by targeting miR-140, and intra-articular administration of melatonin may benefit patients suffering from OA.34 Taken together, these findings suggest melatonin as a potential therapeutic alternative for cartilage and joint protection of OA patients.","(C) The mRNA level of HAS2 was analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction after treatment of D-gal and melatonin in combination with 20 μM sirtinol for 48 hours\nIt is well known that HA concentration in synovial fluid and its molecular weight in OA patients are lower than those in healthy humans.13 However, serum HA levels of OA patients were significantly higher than in the counterpart human and serum HA level correlated with the severity of radiographic knee OA.14 HA is a polymer composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-glucosamine.","Aging is the primary risk factor for the development of OA.2 The inflammation is partly responsible for the generation of OA, and affects the components and parameters of synovial fluid.","However, serum HA levels of OA patients were significantly higher than in the counterpart human and serum HA level correlated with the severity of radiographic knee OA.(14) HA is a polymer composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-glucosamine."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3356190769,"citingcorpusid":231585070,"citedcorpusid":11978942,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["isolated from knee joints of 6-week-old male New Zealand white rabbits as described previously.(11) The isolated synovial membranes were chopped into even smaller pieces for primary explant culture."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3802392274,"citingcorpusid":26027020,"citedcorpusid":41660646,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The benefits of aprotinin therapy are generally accepted for patients undergoing complicated cardiac procedures; several studies have documented its use for reducing bleeding after CABG procedures, heart transplantation, and LVAD insertion.(3-5) Although previous reports have raised concerns regarding an increased risk of myocardial infarction, sphenoid vein graft thrombosis, and renal dysfunction after aprotinin therapy,(6-8) these complications have been attributed either to inadequate heparinization because of the use of the celite-ACT or to the use of deep hypothermia and a half-dose aprotinin protocol."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1995531954,"citingcorpusid":11133020,"citedcorpusid":43388890,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, in a study the level of SOD enzyme prior to therapy in patients with chronic leukemia was found to be significantly higher than controls [32]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":988647672,"citingcorpusid":62819680,"citedcorpusid":86407869,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Spatial analysis revealed that SAR recorded the highest mean EROD activity, while the lowest occurred at sites SJC and U. LDH values peaked in November and February following the hurricane and windy seasons, while minimum LDH levels occurred in April during the dry season.","Three study sites were analyzed: San Juan Carpizo (SJC) in\nNew Advances and Contributions to Fish Biology156\nthe upper portion of the river, San Antonio del Río (SAR) in the middle portion of the river (where there are a rustic swimming spot lacking of sanitary facilities), and downstream Ulumal (U); the study periods were: April, July, and November 2007 and February 2008.","Spatial variability occurred; sites in the middle reaches (U, SAR) had the highest LDH values, while the lowest were recorded at headwater site SJC [44]."],"intents":[null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":110544821,"citingcorpusid":15112523,"citedcorpusid":40795545,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The surveys [4, 9] reported that the segmentation work is limited to table basic segments having less or no layout complexities."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":342801228,"citingcorpusid":30910769,"citedcorpusid":133175065,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Dimethyl sulphide (DMS) is a scented compound produced by phytoplankton that is elevated when they are grazed upon by zooplankton (Dacey and Wakeham, 1986; Wolfe and Steinke, 1996), and is associated with seamounts and shelf breaks (Berresheim et al., 1989; Daly and DiTullio, 1996; McTaggart and Burton, 1992) where seabirds tend to forage (reviewed by Nevitt, 2000).","…that is elevated when they are grazed upon by zooplankton (Dacey and Wakeham, 1986; Wolfe and Steinke, 1996), and is associated with seamounts and shelf breaks (Berresheim et\nal., 1989; Daly and DiTullio, 1996; McTaggart and Burton, 1992) where seabirds tend to forage (reviewed by Nevitt, 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2071149899,"citingcorpusid":30910769,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["BirdLife International (2004).","…whether African penguins (Spheniscus demersus L.) responded to artificial sources of DMS. African penguins are currently listed as a ‘vulnerable’ species (Birdlife International, 2004), breeding exclusively on the coast and coastal islands of Namibia and South Africa (Shannon and Crawford, 1999)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2071149989,"citingcorpusid":30910769,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, while provisioning chicks, African penguins spend 27–36.6h away from the nest (Petersen et al., 2006) while a closely related congener, the Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus), can spend one day to a number of weeks at sea (Wilson et al., 2005).","While en route to a foraging zone, penguins swim faster and dive to shallower depths\nthan they do when they are actively foraging (e.g. Wilson et al., 2005; Petersen et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2715477485,"citingcorpusid":95697038,"citedcorpusid":34149951,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, the kinetics of CO or O2 rebinding after flash photolysis in Mb or other heme proteins has elucidated the complexity of the energy landscape (Ansari et al., 1985; Ansari et al., 1987; Doster et al., 1982; Kriegl et al., 2002; Steinbach et al., 1991)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2629649121,"citingcorpusid":95697038,"citedcorpusid":95957360,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Mbmet, which is mainly Fe(III) high spin [10] with a water coordinated at the sixth position, becomes Fe(II)LS low spin without loosing the water and without changing the structure significantly.","Mbmet, which is mainly Fe(III) high spin (Bizzarri et al., 1995) with a water coordinated at the 6th position, becomes Fe(II)LS low spin without loosing the water and without changing the structure significantly."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":841443533,"citingcorpusid":16498553,"citedcorpusid":119935645,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Goals values are provided at ideal, desirable, acceptable, tolerable, and unacceptable levels, according to the linear physical programming formulation method (Hernandez et al., 2001).","The deviation function is a linear physical programming form of the Archimedean formulation of deviation variables (Hernandez et al., 2001).","These dimensional changes are referred to as GT. Continuing the gear example, the face width and diametric pitch dimensions would have a significant effect on the gear tooth stress, while the diameter of the hole for the shaft would have a negligible effect."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":566551228,"citingcorpusid":54886851,"citedcorpusid":13362276,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A review of the extant literature that examines the relation between MO and innovation also reveals a cultural bias towards more economically developed countries and Western individualistic cultures [31]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2638401090,"citingcorpusid":85916970,"citedcorpusid":82420197,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These two clades were also distinct from each\nother in 10 morphological characters as shown in Table 1, especially the ratio of the length of the prorate apical region to whole leaf length, regarded as an important taxonomic character in Leucobryum by Yamaguchi (1993).","Leucobryum boninense was originally described from the Bonin Islands by Sullivant and Lesquereux (1859), characterized by the perichaetia terminal on short lateral branches, and the proration on the abaxial surface of apical parts of the leaves (Yamaguchi 1993).","Leucobryum scaberulum Cardot, known from Hong Kong, Taiwan and Okinawa Island, was treated as a synonym of L. boninense by Yamaguchi (1993).","It is known in the region from southeast China, continental and oceanic islands such as the Ryukyu, Taiwan and the Bonin Islands (Yamaguchi 1993) (Fig.","These species are morphologically characterized by robust to medium-sized plants, absence of a central strand in the stem, abaxially scabrous leaves and perichaetia terminal on short lateral branches (Oguri et al. 2003; Yamaguchi 1993)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1276974032,"citingcorpusid":85916970,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Leucobryum boninense was originally described from the Bonin Islands by Sullivant and Lesquereux (1859), characterized by the perichaetia terminal on short lateral branches, and the proration on the abaxial surface of apical parts of the leaves (Yamaguchi 1993).","On the basis of our reëxamination of the type\nspecimens of L. boninense, originally described from the Bonin Islands by Sullivant and Lesquereux (1859), and those of names placed in its synonymy, L. salmonii, L. scaberulum, L. armatum and L. scaberulum var. divaricatum, we reached the conclusion…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1600097928,"citingcorpusid":166961185,"citedcorpusid":109880091,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Additional Perspectives on Training In On the Practice of Safety, Manuele (2003) observes, “Training .","It was Dr. Joseph M. Juran who pointed out long ago that most of the possibilities for improvement lie in action on the system, and that contributions of production workers are severely limited (Deming, 2000, p. 134 in Manuele, 2003, p. 78).","Additional Perspectives on Training In On the Practice of Safety, Manuele (2003) observes, “Training . . . is often erroneously applied as a solution to problems, with unrealistic expectations” (p. 77). He emphasizes that organizations have learned, especially from Deming (2000), that most problems in any operation are systemic and, thus, many workplace problems and risky work methods can be resolved only by management.","Professional Safety, 52(4), 22-25."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":958602036,"citingcorpusid":32338626,"citedcorpusid":12694598,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1734808333,"citingcorpusid":96997347,"citedcorpusid":137389097,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Rheometry (McCabe, 1960; Alfani and Guerrini, 2005), indentation methods (Doménech et al., 1994; Vaillant; 2008; Modesto and Bernardini, 2008) and techniques which evaluate the relationship between an applied force and the resulting deformation (Baran et al., 2001; Ribeiro et al., 2005) are also…","This\napparatus works with small quantities of material, which has to be consideredwhen passing into the industrial scale (Alfani and Guerrini, 2005).","To calculate the real viscosity of the materials as a function of the flow rate, the Mooney–Rabinowitsch correction is applied (Alfani and Guerrini, 2005) and a viscosity curve as a function of the shear rate (γ) is derived\nη γ̇ð Þ= σw γ̇w : ð1Þ\nAccording to the Bagley correction, the measured…"],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1734808749,"citingcorpusid":96997347,"citedcorpusid":97872920,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…particle size distribution, type of exchangeable cations, presence of salts and organic material (Talwalkar and Parmelee, 1927; Wilson, 1936; Whitaker, 1939; Lawrence, 1958; West and Lawrence, 1959; Dumbleton and West, 1966; Barna, 1967; Onoda, 1996; Schmitz et al, 2004; Bergaya et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3975250382,"citingcorpusid":253415423,"citedcorpusid":83270088,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The use of sugar beet molasses in agriculture stimulates nutrient elements uptake efficiency and soil biological activity (Samavat and Samavat 2014), supplies carbohydrates and alters C: N ratio which affects soil microbial ecology and lowers plant parasitic nematodes as well as provides other favorable effects on plant growth (Schenck, 2001) and improves soil aggregation, reduces surface crusting A Environment, Biodiversity & Soil Security","…C: N ratio which affects soil microbial ecology and lowers plant parasitic nematodes as well as provides other favorable effects on plant growth (Schenck, 2001) and improves soil aggregation, reduces surface crusting\nA\nEnvironment, Biodiversity & Soil…","These results supported by\nSchenck (2001), Samavat and Samavat (2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":3632117924,"citingcorpusid":245256859,"citedcorpusid":142992986,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…que le corps enseignant soit davantage sensibilisé à leurs réalités et à leurs besoins pédagogiques, et qu’il fasse preuve de flexibilité (Adelman et al., 2013; Dufour, 2015; Irwin et Hepplestone, 2012; Joncas, 2013, 2018; Lefevre-Radelli, 2019; Milne et al., 2016; Rodon et Tremblay,…","…le désir des étudiants autochtones que le corps enseignant soit sensibilisé à leurs besoins pédagogiques et qu’il fasse preuve de flexibilité (Adelman et al., 2013; Dufour, 2015; Irwin et Hepplestone, 2012; Joncas, 2013, 2018; Lefevre-Radelli, 2019; Milne et al., 2016; Rodon et Tremblay,…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1083694586,"citingcorpusid":131942415,"citedcorpusid":129365905,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This dike has been dated to be 20.7Ma +/-0.4 (Hoernle et al., 2006).","The age of the intrusives of the Alpine Dike Swarm is 25-20 Ma (Cooper et al., 1987; Adams & Cooper, 1996; Hoernle et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3919658188,"citingcorpusid":18186284,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Also named “Microworlds” (Papert, 1980), “Virtual Worlds” (Schön, 1983), “Learning Laboratories” (Senge, Sterman 2000), “Computer-Based Learning Environments” (CBLEs - Isaacs, Senge 2000) and “Management Flight Simulators” (MFSs - Sterman 2000), ILEs are made of two interrelated parts, a…","Managerial Microworlds as Learning Support Tools.","Also named “Microworlds” (Papert, 1980), “Virtual Worlds” (Schön, 1983), “Learning Laboratories” (Senge, Sterman 2000), “Computer-Based Learning Environments” (CBLEs - Isaacs, Senge 2000) and “Management Flight Simulators” (MFSs - Sterman 2000), ILEs are made of two interrelated parts, a mathematical model and an interface through which interaction takes place."],"intents":[null,null,null]}
{"citationid":939093879,"citingcorpusid":7039711,"citedcorpusid":18429029,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Among the many downstream effectors of JNK, P90RSK has been recently shown to be involved in neurite outgrowth and PC12 cells differentiation [32-34].","P90RSK, which had previously been found to be required for PC12 cells differentiation [33], was also found to be synergistically activated in all three systems in our study."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":2545575196,"citingcorpusid":13762613,"citedcorpusid":24440624,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[196] also reviewed studies that show that synaptic responses such as long-term potentiation (LTP), and long-term depression (LTD) are altered in aging particularly in the hippocampus [197-200].","[197] Geinisman Y, deToledo-Morrell L, Morrell F, Persina IS, Rossi M."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3710238135,"citingcorpusid":234044650,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["3 of 14\nSample η0 % β α⋆ Kp (GPa) Mineral composition Ks (GPa)a\nPurbeck (P) 13.6 1.45 – 1.25 80% calcite, 20% quartz 64.67\nThala (T) 15.7 1.5 0.83 0.77 78% calcite, 22% dolomite 75.15\nIndiana (I) 18.1 2 0.8 0.59 100% calcite 74.8\nLeitha (L) 29.2 0.2 0.7 1.43 100% calcite 74.8 aThe solid phase bulk modulus is computed using the Voigt-Reuss-Hill (VRH) average.","8 The solid phase bulk modulus is computed using the Voigt-Reuss-Hill (VRH) average. Table 1 Measured Quantities as Reported in Wang et al. (2018)","It has not been measured, however, since the mineralogy of the samples is known, we use the Voigt-Reuss-Hill (VRH) average (Hill, 1952) to evaluate Ks.","It has not been measured, however, since the mineralogy of the samples is known, we use the Voigt-Reuss-Hill (VRH) average (Hill, 1952) to evaluate Ks."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3710238130,"citingcorpusid":234044650,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The constitutive equations of poroelasticity that can handle micro-inhomogeneity were developed by Müller and Sahay (2016) based on the earlier work of Sahay (2013) and in accordance with the volume averaging framework of poroelasticity (see Müller & Sahay, 2019 for an introduction).","The bounds for the n−parameter have been found in Sahay (2013).","The bounds for the n−parameter have been found in Sahay (2013). In particular, the upper bound is deduced by considering the undrained bulk modulus resulting from an isostrain deformation experiment in which the fluid and solid masses within the RVE are conserved."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":867113262,"citingcorpusid":59382440,"citedcorpusid":2894722,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 1996; Tietema, 1998), or suppression (Edwards et al., 2011; Eisenlord and Zak, 2010; Gallo et al., 2004; Ramirez et al., 2012; Wallenstein et al., 2006) of microbial activities, whereas others have found no effect (Hobbie and Vitousek, 2000)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":867113876,"citingcorpusid":59382440,"citedcorpusid":9146842,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Similarity Percentage (SIMPER; Clarke et al., 1993) was used to further distinguish which genes contributed to the compositional dissimilarity between ambient and experimental N deposition treatments (Table 2).","The significance of compositional differences between ambient and experimental N deposition assemblages were confirmed by analysis of similarity (ANOSIM; Clarke et al., 1993), and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PerMANOVA; Anderson, 2001).","Finally, contributions of each functional gene to the total dissimilarity between the two groups (ambient, simulated N deposition) were determined using Similarity Percentage (SIMPER; Clarke et al., 1993)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":345002384,"citingcorpusid":28150620,"citedcorpusid":97294212,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["SOM can be important in increasing water stable aggregation by\nslowing water entry into aggregates and reducing unstable aggregates which break down when rapidly wetted (Tisdall and Oades, 1982).","SOM can be important in increasing water stable aggregation by slowing water entry into aggregates and reducing unstable aggregates which break down when rapidly wetted (Tisdall and Oades, 1982)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2359573276,"citingcorpusid":142063115,"citedcorpusid":206563477,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Rape myth acceptance is correlated not only with victim blaming (Blumberg & Lester, 1991; Cowley, 2014), but also consideration of actually committing rape (Bohner, Reinhard, Rutz, Sturm, Kerschbaum, &","reinforce these roles (Cowley, 2014), and sex roles have been linked to less negative attitudes towards rape (Check & Malamuth, 1983)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3731532410,"citingcorpusid":248399388,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2013), and in the Arkansas River Basin, Colorado (Whittemore et al., 2006).","Some examples are the state of Colorado’s Stream Simulation Model (StateMod) (Colorado Department of Water Resources, 2016), integrated SW-GW modeling of water resources in the Deschutes Basin, Oregon (Waibel et al., 2013), and in the Arkansas River Basin, Colorado (Whittemore et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3731532449,"citingcorpusid":248399388,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The irrigation boundary condition (Figure 2A) is based on monthly irrigation crop water requirement data from 330 irrigation users in Colorado (Colorado Department of Water Resources, 2016, data available in meta-repository for this paper).","For example, in the Colorado subbasin where flood irrigation is the primary method of irrigation, mean annual return flows are estimated to be on the order of hundreds of thousands of acre feet per year (∼0.1–1 km3) (Colorado Department ofWater Resources, 2016).","In water management and allocation models that incorporate return flows as part of water availability (Contor, 2009; Colorado Department of Water Resources, 2016; Johnson, 2017), better estimates of return flows can help the models be more representative of water availability provided by return…","Some examples are the state of Colorado’s Stream Simulation Model (StateMod) (Colorado Department of Water Resources, 2016), integrated SW-GW modeling of water resources in the Deschutes Basin, Oregon (Waibel et al., 2013), and in the Arkansas River Basin, Colorado (Whittemore et al., 2006).","These values are typical of alluvial aquifers in mountainous alluvial valleys in Western Colorado (Colorado Department of Water Resources, 2016; United States Forest Service, 2018; Newman et al., 2021)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2214353531,"citingcorpusid":146617829,"citedcorpusid":168097979,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For example, Bhave (1994) considered the key activities to be opportunity recognition, development of the business concept, production technology, organizational creation, and product technology. Shook, Priem and McGee (2003) expanded opportunity recognition to comprise separate activities for search and for discovery, and added an explicit decision to exploit the opportunity. And, Ardichvili, Cardozo, and Ray (2003) developed the exploitation phase by describing the assessment of market needs, development of the business concept, writing the business plan, forming the business entity, and starting operations. Lichtenstein, Dooley, and Lumpkin (2006) then significantly expanded the conceptualization of the entrepreneurial process by highlighting how it operates in three parallel modes: development of vision, strategic decision-making, and tactical exploitation.","For example, Bhave (1994) considered the key activities to be opportunity recognition, development of the business concept, production technology, organizational creation, and product technology. Shook, Priem and McGee (2003) expanded opportunity recognition to comprise separate activities for search and for discovery, and added an explicit decision to exploit the opportunity. And, Ardichvili, Cardozo, and Ray (2003) developed the exploitation phase by describing the assessment of market needs, development of the business concept, writing the business plan, forming the business entity, and starting operations.","For example, Bhave (1994) considered the key activities to be opportunity recognition, development of the business concept, production technology, organizational creation, and product technology. Shook, Priem and McGee (2003) expanded opportunity recognition to comprise separate activities for search and for discovery, and added an explicit decision to exploit the opportunity.","For example, Bhave (1994) considered the key activities to be opportunity recognition, development of the business concept, production technology, organizational creation, and product technology."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1647053275,"citingcorpusid":208230412,"citedcorpusid":168097979,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This makes Bhave (1994) highlight that the environment in which entrepreneurs initiate ventures plays a crucial role in the success of the ventures."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":588581723,"citingcorpusid":55702569,"citedcorpusid":168097979,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A number of descriptions of venture creation sequences have been introduced throughout the literature (Vesper, 1980; Gartner, 1985; Bhave, 1994; Reynolds et al., 2004), which range from very broad","Bhave (1994) presents a process model of entrepreneurial venture creation.","Reynolds et al. (2004) like Bhave (1994) focus on three stages within the entrepreneurial process.","A number of descriptions of venture creation sequences have been introduced throughout the literature (Vesper, 1980; Gartner, 1985; Bhave, 1994; Reynolds et al., 2004), which range from very broad\nto focused representations."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3999153298,"citingcorpusid":254369535,"citedcorpusid":168097979,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["While entrepreneurship literature presents various stances on how to accurately describe these activities (Bhave 1994; Morris et al. 2002; Perrini et al. 2010; Shane and Venkataraman 2000; Ucbasaran et al. 2001), we rely on","This is when entrepreneurs commit to transforming ideas or intentions into action (Bhave 1994).","While entrepreneurship literature presents various stances on how to accurately describe these activities (Bhave 1994; Morris et al. 2002; Perrini et al. 2010; Shane and Venkataraman 2000; Ucbasaran et al. 2001), we rely on the parsimonious model proposed by Bhave (1994) to describe these phases.","The entrepreneurship literature recognizes that there is a gap between the identification of an opportunity and the decision by the entrepreneur to actually act upon it (Bhave 1994).","The first stage of the entrepreneurial process identified by Bhave (1994) is opportunity recognition.","The entrepreneurship literature recognizes that there is a gap between the identification of an opportunity and the decision by the entrepreneur to actually act upon it (Bhave\n1994).","As entrepreneurs, social entrepreneurs are likely to engage in the iterative process of opportunity recognition, opportunity filtration, venture creation, and exchange, whereby they adapt their venture on the basis of the feedback received from customers and partners (Bhave 1994)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3617894240,"citingcorpusid":244539251,"citedcorpusid":168097979,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The opportunity of earning money becomes real for the first time at this point in the venture creation process (Bhave, 1994; Reynolds & Miller, 1992).","Bhave (1994) distinguished between three stages: opportunity recognition, organization creation, and exchange.","Based on this research stream, activities alongside the venture creation process can be categorized into distinct stages (Bhave, 1994; Guerrero et al., 2020; Kleinhempel et al., 2020; Reynolds & White, 1997).","Based on this research stream, activities alongside the venture creation process can be categorized into distinct stages (Bhave, 1994; Guerrero et al., 2020; Kleinhempel et al., 2020; Reynolds & White, 1997).","Finally, the exchange stage completes the entrepreneurial loop and focuses on boundary spanning to customers and the realization of first sales (Bhave, 1994).","The second body of literature relates to venture creation stages (e.g., Bhave, 1994; Kleinhempel et al., 2020; Reynolds & Miller, 1992; Shepherd et al., 2019; Van Gelderen et al., 2006; Vohora et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2793693188,"citingcorpusid":221289394,"citedcorpusid":131845644,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It has also been suggested that the geothermal fractures are a consequence of the postglacial rebound of the crust (Bödvarsson, 1982)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1045517260,"citingcorpusid":113465116,"citedcorpusid":22561822,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["By limiting the inflammatory response one can theoretically limit muscle degeneration and scar formation; however inflammation is a key response to muscle injury and is essential for muscle regeneration [Ostrowski et al., 1999]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1045522781,"citingcorpusid":113465116,"citedcorpusid":627239,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["They have been shown to, amongst others, effectively prevent diet-induced-obesity (by preventing weight gain), significantly reduce body weight (in already overweight individuals) and have glucose-lowering abilities [Astell et al., 2013; Hasani-Ranjbar et al., 2009; Hui et al., 2009].","These herbal substances have been shown to, amongst others, effectively prevent weight gain, significantly reduce body weight of individuals that were already overweight and have glucose-lowering abilities [Astell et al., 2013; HasaniRanjbar et al., 2009; Hui et al., 2009]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":797203318,"citingcorpusid":30489938,"citedcorpusid":40181759,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Agents that decrease islet inflammation and fibrosis have been shown to improve glycemia in diabetic subjects (54).","Islet inflammation and fibrosis significantly contribute toward b-cell dysfunction (53,54), thereby impacting glycemia."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":8795974,"citingcorpusid":14093915,"citedcorpusid":8387554,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Note that the requirement for an ideal cloak should be written as [8]","Until recently, the experimental realizations of cloaking-like behavior were limited to very small sizes, on the scale of a few wavelengths only [8,9]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1708588162,"citingcorpusid":206459346,"citedcorpusid":40181759,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…that pertain integrally to b-cell and islet functional capabilities and their reversal or prevention (Buckingham et al. 1998; Clark et al. 1988; Donath et al. 2008, 2009; Ehses et al. 2007, 2009; Homo-delarche and Calderari 2006; Janssen et al. 2001; Jones, Nugent, and Jenkins 2010; Kaiser et…","…alterations in islet structure involving inflammation and fibrosis are commonly encountered features of the animal models employed in investigations of type II diabetes that are also seen in human islets (Clark et al. 1988; Donath et al. 2008, 2009; Richardson et al. 2009; Ehses et al. 2007, 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":340589666,"citingcorpusid":21720137,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Concerning the industries in Germany, vor dem Esche and Henning-Thurau (2013) observed the tendency that “the more digital components a product or service has, the more developed the particular industry already tends to be” [in terms of social media].","2 Recommendation for a good Social Media strategy Vor dem Esche and Henning-Thurau`s German social media Consumer Report (2013) a study by the Marketing Center Münster revealed that 89% of German managers name social media as the most important entrepreneurial challenge over the next few years.","However, German companies still fail to adapt to this change in marketing and society, leading to 60% of consumers not seeing much value in the messages they receive from firms via social media platforms (vor dem Esche & Henning-Thurau, 2013).","According to vor dem Esche and Henning-Thurau (2013) 92.6% of German citizens with Internet access had at least one social network account in 2012.","However, 60% of consumers do not see much\nvalue in the messages they receive from firms via social media platforms (vor dem Esche & Henning-Thurau, 2013).","In the German Social Media Consumer Report vor dem Esche and Henning-Thurau (2013) asked respondents about their perceived importance of all major information sources in their purchasing decision and their relationship and attitude to the specific brand.","4 Social Media in Germany In the German Social Media Consumer Report vor dem Esche and Henning-Thurau (2013) asked respondents about their perceived importance of all major information sources in their purchasing decision and their relationship and attitude to the specific brand.","However, companies have not fully adapted to this change in society yet and therefore still fail to communicate effectively with consumers through social media (vor dem Esche & Henning-Thurau, 2013).","2 Negative Electronic Word-of-Mouth According to Westbrook (1987) Electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) can be defined as “all informal communication directed at consumers through Internet-based technology related to the usage or characteristics of particular goods and services, or their sellers”.","Companies have been observed to either do nothing, hire a social media manager or to outsource social media communication to an agency (vor dem Esche & Henning-Thurau, 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4095867812,"citingcorpusid":257947214,"citedcorpusid":233550060,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, many countries are making efforts to transform certain cities into smart cities, including Dubai, Tokyo, Singapore, Hong Kong, Seoul, Helsinki, London, and Riyadh [1,2]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3707951861,"citingcorpusid":247722301,"citedcorpusid":233550060,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thus, China has successively constructed low-carbon pilot cities and smart cities since 2010, then the green and smart cities have been built based on green, low-carbon, and sustainable development [4,5]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1635864251,"citingcorpusid":1092677,"citedcorpusid":15927943,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The ontologies are described quantitatively using probabilistic knowledge (Florescu et al., 1997)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4042696819,"citingcorpusid":256044052,"citedcorpusid":121327657,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Finally, it might be interesting to integrate out the dependent degree of freedom out of the DFT action to obtain the Lightcone Lagrangian of the theory, along the lines of [25] for Einstein-Hilbert.","[3] and reference [25] therein), Feynman rules and their resulting individual Feynman diagrams do not have an intrinsic meaning for they change with field redefinitions."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1582819154,"citingcorpusid":98165005,"citedcorpusid":10200642,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol (dopamine) was used to prove the presence of BA molecules at the freshly modified Pt surface by CV technique (İsbir et al., 2006; Solak et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3505588790,"citingcorpusid":237938969,"citedcorpusid":7584525,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["155◦) [14,16], (2) a tenodesis effect and a retensioning of the remnant posterior cuff (Figure 1), (3) a better recruitment of the posterior deltoid (Figure 1), and (4) less scapular notching [17]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1069961956,"citingcorpusid":119284766,"citedcorpusid":118487829,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There has been great interest for over a century in the relationship between thermodynamics and computation [2, 6, 11, 17, 18, 29–31, 38, 39, 46, 47, 49, 52–54]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":20915360,"citingcorpusid":3185020,"citedcorpusid":1826045,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["An EPS sensor has been used to detect the movement of an individual through a wall (Beardsmore-Rust et al., 2009b; Harland et al., 2008) and a 4-element array of sensors was also used to track the movement of an individual within a 6 m x 6 m area (Beardsmore-Rust et al., 2011).","…al., 2002a, 2008); as a result of the developments described above, it has been possible to demonstrate the acquisition of both cardiac and respiration signals as a distance of up to 40 cm off-body, in an open, noisy laboratory environment (Beardsmore-Rust et al., 2009a; R.J. Prance et al., 2008).","An alternative solution uses high selectivity notch filters, digitally tuned in a smart sensor configuration to reject unwanted frequencies by up to 95 dB, thereby taking the level to below the intrinsic noise floor of the sensor (Beardsmore-Rust et al., 2009a; R.J. Prance et al., 2007, 2008)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3922467149,"citingcorpusid":120419311,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The fundamental contributions of Quillen [16] and Sullivan [19] in 1970 were initial landmarks in formalizing the rationalization of a path connected space."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1697579917,"citingcorpusid":30493896,"citedcorpusid":10681140,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In support of this hypothesis, transneuronal virus tracing from the adrenal reveals second-order labeling in neurons of the autonomic division of PVN and thirdorder labeling in the SCN itself (Buijs et al., 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2698205386,"citingcorpusid":31070604,"citedcorpusid":15786417,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["We chose mutations that render the receptor resistant to ethanol (and also to isoflurane) but provide a near normal response to GABA and normal modulation by flunitrazepam (Borghese et al., 2006b).","The decreased behavioral sensitivity to etomidate is consistent with previously observed electrophysiological recordings (Borghese et al., 2006b).","Importantly, these receptors showed normal modulation by flunitrazepam, and mice harboring this mutation appeared normal (Borghese et al., 2006b).","These findings are not entirely consistent with the results of similar experiments in recombinant receptors (Borghese et al., 2006b): in 1 2/3 2s GABAA-Rs expressed in Xenopus oocytes, flunitrazepam potentiation was not modified in mutated 1-containing GABAA-Rs, but pentobarbital potentiation was…","We found that the 3 and possibly 2 subunits are increased in the forebrain of these knockin mice (Borghese et al., 2006b).","…via extrasynaptic GABAA-Rs (Sundstrom-Poromaa et al., 2002; Wallner et al., 2003; Hanchar et al., 2005), although these low-dose effects\n226 Werner et al.\nat A SPE T Journals on A ugust 17, 2017 jpet.aspetjournals.org\nD ow nloaded from\nhave not been observed in all studies (Borghese et al., 2006a).","Ataxia is due, at least in part, to drug effects on cerebellar function, and it is important to note that normal 1 protein levels were observed in the cerebellum of mutant animals (Borghese et al., 2006b).","All mice were genotyped by Southern blot or polymerase chain reaction analysis of tail DNA as described previously (Borghese et al., 2006b)."],"intents":[null,["result"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2285601056,"citingcorpusid":77448059,"citedcorpusid":18933343,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Some circumcision advocates seek to reverse the onus of proof by suggesting that not circumcising a boy is a violation of his human rights because it denies him both protection against the health risks attributable to the foreskin and the advantages accruing from its removal (Bates et al., 2013).","Because most circumcision advocacy places little emphasis on bioethical and human rights issues, it is well to be reminded of the basic principles of bioethics as set out by Beauchamp and Childress (2009): autonomy (requiring respect for informed choice), non-maleficence (not doing harm), beneficence (doing good), proportionality (ensuring that the outcome of the intervention provides a significant net benefit to the patient in relation to the risks run and the losses sustained), and justice (treating the person fairly).","Fundamental as they are, the Beauchamp and Childress principles are not the only guidelines to be considered when we perform surgical procedures on children. There is also the question of the child’s right to an open future, the best interests and substituted judgment tests, and the increasingly prominent matter of human rights. These include a person’s right to physical integrity, as embodied in much Western law and custom, and in certain international human rights treaties and declarations. These rights are now generally accepted as applying to girls, but if they are human rights they must, logically, apply to boys as well (DeLaet, 2009; Hellsten, 2004; James, 1994; Johnson, 2010; Svoboda & Darby, 2008). In the Victorian era that gave birth to circumcision, children were to be seen but not heard and medical ethics were rudimentary; but during the 20th century, the slow human rights revolution (Pinker, 2011) that began with John Locke reached children, who are now seen as possessing the same sort of rights to bodily integrity and protection from harm that adults enjoy (Orend, 2002). This does not mean that children have equal rights as adults, but, as Brennan and Noggle (1997) argue, that they are entitled to the same moral consideration as adults because they are persons. At the same time, children may be treated differently from adults by virtue of their immaturity and dependent status, and parents have real but limited authority to direct their upbringing. As Tobin (2013) recently argues, because children have interests, they also have rights, even though they (temporarily) lack the capacity to articulate, much less enforce, them.","Fundamental as they are, the Beauchamp and Childress principles are not the only guidelines to be considered when we perform surgical procedures on children. There is also the question of the child’s right to an open future, the best interests and substituted judgment tests, and the increasingly prominent matter of human rights. These include a person’s right to physical integrity, as embodied in much Western law and custom, and in certain international human rights treaties and declarations. These rights are now generally accepted as applying to girls, but if they are human rights they must, logically, apply to boys as well (DeLaet, 2009; Hellsten, 2004; James, 1994; Johnson, 2010; Svoboda & Darby, 2008). In the Victorian era that gave birth to circumcision, children were to be seen but not heard and medical ethics were rudimentary; but during the 20th century, the slow human rights revolution (Pinker, 2011) that began with John Locke reached children, who are now seen as possessing the same sort of rights to bodily integrity and protection from harm that adults enjoy (Orend, 2002). This does not mean that children have equal rights as adults, but, as Brennan and Noggle (1997) argue, that they are entitled to the same moral consideration as adults because they are persons."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":421375935,"citingcorpusid":8951461,"citedcorpusid":120360646,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Doping induced disorder, consequently localisation of charge carriers leading to changes in hopping distance and resistivity’s are found from the To values [11].","5481 X10(24) eV m), indicates free carriers participating in the conduction process [11,25] are tabulated in table 3(b).","This abrupt change in resistivity close to the peak is explained by three different models to account for the actual experimental observations to understand the transport mechanism in CMR materials at high temperature regime[11,24-28] namely (i)Thermal activation of the form  = A exp (Ea/KBT) (ii) variable range hopping model = 0 exp(T0/T) and (iii) small polaron model  =BTexp(Ep/KBT)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2668967639,"citingcorpusid":22483582,"citedcorpusid":15786417,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Our data indicate that ethanol does not affect the native δ-subunitcontaining GABAA receptors at clinically relevant low concentrations in the rat cerebellum (δ- and α6/α1-subunits combination), hippocampus (δ- and α4/α1-subunits combination) and cerebral cortex (δ- and α4/α1-subunits combination), thereby supporting the view that the native δ-subunit-containing GABAA receptors do not play a major role in the pharmacology of clinically relevant low concentrations of ethanol (Borghese et al., 2006;Yamashita et al., 2006;Casagrande et al., 2007).",", 2005) or patch-clamp technique in recombinant expression system (Sundstrom-Poromaa et al., 2002;Wallner et al., 2003;Hanchar et al., 2005;Borghese et al., 2006;Yamashita et al., 2006), cultured cerebellar granule cells (Yamashita et al.","…cortex (δ- and α4/α1-subunits combination), thereby supporting the view that the native δ-subunit-containing GABAA receptors do not play a major role in the pharmacology of clinically relevant low concentrations of ethanol (Borghese et al., 2006;Yamashita et al., 2006;Casagrande et al., 2007).","However, there are also reports indicating that the δ-subunit of GABAA receptors does not confer sensitivity to clinically relevant low concentrations of ethanol (Borghese et al., 2006;Yamashita et al., 2006;Casagrande et al., 2007).","…et al., 2005) or patch-clamp technique in recombinant expression system (Sundstrom-Poromaa et al., 2002;Wallner et al., 2003;Hanchar et al., 2005;Borghese et al., 2006;Yamashita et al., 2006), cultured cerebellar granule cells (Yamashita et al., 2006;Casagrande et al., 2007), cerebellar slices…"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1878695200,"citingcorpusid":6258668,"citedcorpusid":15786417,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…GABAA receptors has been difficult to replicate, and most researchers, using similar, nearly identical techniques and preparations have been unable to show any direct actions of ethanol on GABAA receptors of any composition (Borghese et al., 2006; Borghese and Harris, 2007; Botta et al., 2007a,b)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3615171222,"citingcorpusid":244409886,"citedcorpusid":145682374,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…uncertainties, finances, uncontrollable weather, hazardous working conditions, government bureaucracy, media criticisms, time pressures and machinery breakdowns (Booth & Lloyd, 2000; Deary et al., 1997; Eberhardt & Pooyan, 1990; Pollock et al., 2002; Schellenberg et al., 1985; Walker et al., 1986).","Yet, success or failure is recurrently determined by uncontrollable and unpredictable forces (Dessein & Nevens, 2007; Eberhardt & Pooyan,\n1990; Fraser et al., 2005; Gregoire, 2002).","It is usually characterised by long hours, lone working and strenuous labour (Eberhardt & Pooyan, 1990; Fraser et al., 2005; Gregoire, 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3615171092,"citingcorpusid":244409886,"citedcorpusid":73085689,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Studies investigating stress inducing factors in farming have highlighted price uncertainties, finances, uncontrollable weather, hazardous working conditions, government bureaucracy, media criticisms, time pressures and machinery breakdowns (Booth & Lloyd, 2000; Deary et al., 1997; Eberhardt & Pooyan, 1990; Pollock et al., 2002; Schellenberg et al., 1985; Walker et al., 1986).","…uncertainties, finances, uncontrollable weather, hazardous working conditions, government bureaucracy, media criticisms, time pressures and machinery breakdowns (Booth & Lloyd, 2000; Deary et al., 1997; Eberhardt & Pooyan, 1990; Pollock et al., 2002; Schellenberg et al., 1985; Walker et al., 1986).","However, few studies have investigated the impact of predisposing factors (Pollock et al., 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":374561960,"citingcorpusid":18247544,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Another pulsar in the area is Geminga (PSR J0633+1746), which is discovered by the SAS-2 group [36] and later confirmed by the COS-B group [37], about 150 pc away from the Earth.","A fraction of such a huge rota-\ntional energy of a pulsar may be converted to the kinetic energy of the particles those present in the magnetosphere.","Its radial velocity is unknown, but if it were 200 KM/sec, it could have been within 100 pc of Earth at 340,000 years ago.","The contribution of a nearby pulsar to the cosmic rays at the Earth is estimated in section III.","On the other hand according to the Hillas condition [14], the maximum energy of a particle of charge Ze that can be contained near the light cylinder of a pulsar of angular speed Ω rad s−1,\n∗Email address: aru bhadra@yahoo.com\nradius R and with the surface magnetic field Bs = B12 × 1012 Gauss…","The distance of the object from the Earth is around 500 pc [33] though recent works suggest a smaller value of 300 pc [34].","at Earth\nThe diffusion process governs the propagation of accelerated charged nuclei from the source.","ar X\niv :a\nst ro\n-p h/\n06 02\n30 1v\n1 1\n4 Fe\nContribution of nearby pulsars to the cosmic rays observed at Earth has been studied.","Another interesting observation is that the cosmic ray spectra to be observed at Earth from both the pulsars, the Geminga and the Vela, are found noticeably different than the production spectra which is mainly due to combined effect of different generation (and emission) time of pulsar accelerated cosmic rays of different energies and their propagation.","It is comparatively close to the Earth and so the surrounding nebula is well studied.","The production of cosmic rays depends on the nature of the sources whereas the diffusion process due to scattering from minor irregularities in the field governs the propagation of accelerated charged nuclei from the source to Earth."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,["methodology"],null,null,["background"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":210481805,"citingcorpusid":911796,"citedcorpusid":16776699,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) NMR spectra were recorded at 23 C on a 600MHz Bruker Avance III spectrometer (Bruker BioSpin, Billerica, MA) equipped with a cryoprobe TXI probe, and analyzed using NMRpipe [31] and Sparky (UCSF).","equipped with a cryoprobe TXI probe, and analyzed using NMRpipe [31] and Sparky (UCSF)."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1935891602,"citingcorpusid":156067720,"citedcorpusid":7153283,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Secondly, agency is based on the individuals’ capability to build their lives through actions and choices, taking into consideration the set of social and historical opportunities and constraints (Crokett 2002, see also Bakewell 2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1556444673,"citingcorpusid":110988716,"citedcorpusid":107064009,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For more information regarding theories and application of risk management in engineering, the reader is referred to the dearth of available literature (Stewart & Melchers, 1997; JCSS, 2008; Faber, 2009).","Epistemic uncertainty, on the other hand, is sometimes divided into two sub-categories (Stewart & Melchers, 1997; JCSS, 2001):\n• Statistical parameter uncertainty\nModeling uncertainty is concerned with the ability of a (probabilistic) model to predict the future behavior of a system and may arise,…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1889145819,"citingcorpusid":211212626,"citedcorpusid":107064009,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Analyzing coastal flood risk requires quantifying damages associated with specific return water levels (Stewart and Melchers, 1997)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2516057424,"citingcorpusid":152516255,"citedcorpusid":107064009,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["47 System modelling and reliability techniques exist to calculate risk reductions for any system (see Stewart and Melchers 1997, Stewart 2010) While there are many advantages to probabilistic and reliability analyses for calculating risk reductions, they are not always appropriate, particularly for…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":410566770,"citingcorpusid":11186977,"citedcorpusid":33261278,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The circular permutation technique generates new 3=/5= openings at desired base locations along the pRNA sequence.(48,70) 72 The correct folding of pRNAs after this rearrangement has been extensively tested.","72 The correct folding of pRNAs after this rearrangement has been extensively tested.(38,48,70,73) The single labeling at the new 5=-ends was then achieved by in vitro transcription with a fluorescent AMP."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":3279953267,"citingcorpusid":232044985,"citedcorpusid":227037089,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Introduction The relationship between protein structure and the patterns of sequence evolution has been a topic of interest since the very dawn of molecular evolution as a field [1,2] and, despite the very limited amount of data available at the time of those early studies, many of those early hypotheses have stood the test of time (reviewed by Alvarez-Ponce [3]).","The relationship between protein structure and the patterns of sequence evolution has been a topic of interest since the very dawn of molecular evolution as a field [1,2] and, despite the very limited amount of data available at the time of those early studies, many of those early hypotheses have stood the test of time (reviewed by Alvarez-Ponce [3])."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":146207890,"citingcorpusid":9827610,"citedcorpusid":12782920,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Choi et al (2005) also compared trained ovariectomized and non- ovariectomized rats and concluded that after 8 weeks of training, body weight was lower in ovarectomized group, but the amount of visceral fat was meaningfully higher in ovariectomized (Choi et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":559238033,"citingcorpusid":55322058,"citedcorpusid":96037635,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The best way to assess the effect of an artificial surface on the blood coagulation would be the determination of the concentration of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) in blood[10].","This activation process can be reduced by introducing anion-exchange groups on the membrane surface, or by elaborating membranes from a polymer blend in such a way that hydrophobic and hydrophilic microdomains of appropriate size are formed on the membrane surface [10]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2663436269,"citingcorpusid":15854390,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["49 02\nv1 [\ngr -q\nc] 2\n5 O\nct 2\n00 7\nThe Lifshitz-Khalatnikov Kasner index parametrization and the\nWeyl Tensor\nDonato Bini(1)(2), Christian Cherubini(3)(2), and Robert T. Jantzen(4)(2)\n(1) Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo “M. Picone,” CNR I–00161 Rome, Italy (2) International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics – I.C.R.A., University of Rome “La Sapienza,” I–00185 Rome, Italy (3) University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, PRABB, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, I–00128 Rome, Italy (4) Department of Mathematical Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA\nSummary.","…International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics – I.C.R.A., University of Rome “La Sapienza,” I–00185 Rome, Italy (3) University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, PRABB, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, I–00128 Rome, Italy (4) Department of Mathematical Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, PA…","While not so interesting for the Kasner spacetime by itself, it gives a geometrical meaning to the famous Kasner map transitioning between Kasner epochs and Kasner eras, equivalently bouncing between curvature walls, in the BLK-Mixmaster dynamics exhibited by spatially homogeneous cosmologies…"],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2278346126,"citingcorpusid":143944719,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For a detailed discussion on the mathematical formulation of the linear programming model used by DEA and the calculation of the scalar measures, reference set, and efficiency targets, see Sherman (1986) and Nyhan and Martin (1999)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1622485431,"citingcorpusid":172072525,"citedcorpusid":126052733,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Il a été montré [143] qu’un interféromètre permet de séparer les modes E et B plus proprement qu’un imageur."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3131181628,"citingcorpusid":17497456,"citedcorpusid":248453577,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["HCA587 is abnormally expressed in a wide variety of malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, bladder cancer, breast cancer, sarcoma and lung cancer, etc [19,20,21].","HCA587, cloned by SEREX from the hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cDNA libraries by our group [21], is widely expressed in various types of human tumors but not in normal adult tissues apart from testis."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":566423549,"citingcorpusid":55755635,"citedcorpusid":26081960,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Two groups of investigators (Agostini et al., 1997; Sugimoto et al., 1997) first found JCV to be useful for tracing human history."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3198711661,"citingcorpusid":228289601,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Transients can be simulated very efficiently using time domain methods [2, 3,4,5].","Simulation Results The transformer model described and used in this project belongs to a class of models which can accurately reproduce the response of a transformer at which the short-circuit and open-circuit tests are made; namely, at power frequency through the use of the equivalent networks [2, 42, 49].","To model a transformer in a transient situation, nonlinear behaviour of its core must be taken into account [2, 42]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3861874389,"citingcorpusid":234968717,"citedcorpusid":16993218,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Page 3/12 Speci cally,a couple of studies [26–28] have veri ed the effectiveness of regular visits conducted by community healthcare workers (similar with primary healthcare workers) in reducing childhood diarrhea morbidity, while several other studies [29, 30] have highlighted the signi cant role of community healthcare workers in improving residents’ health literacy."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1580412680,"citingcorpusid":201742340,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It takes support of each item as a basis for imparting MIS value by using literature methods[8], the formula is as follows:","Based on synthetic data structure[8], the performance of MAFP-growth algorithm is experimented, which is compared with Apriori algorithm, MSapriori [6]and FP-growth algorithm."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1580412686,"citingcorpusid":201742340,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some of them proposed multi-support model [4] to solve the problem of a single rare item support model emerged , namely on the basis of multi-support model, a lot of data mining algorithms [5] were proposed."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1733248281,"citingcorpusid":209896144,"citedcorpusid":93695740,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…the results, i.e. the measured mean diameter and the broadness of the distribution, these parameters have been determined for each particle batch individually in the asymptotic range as recommended in (Kapulla and Najera 2006), to ensure that the result is independent of the operation parameters."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4046691288,"citingcorpusid":256228621,"citedcorpusid":31632562,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[59] A study by Theodorou in patients with coronary artery disease (CHD) indicated that aerobic exercise had a beneficial effect on lipid metabolism (triglyceride, TC, HDLC, low-density lipoprotein-C).[60] Donley study in patients with metabolic syndrome showed that aerobic exercise reduced their arterial stiffness by decreasing carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV, cIMT)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":378660007,"citingcorpusid":18040836,"citedcorpusid":119177340,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Glazebrook (2006) has suggested that, lurking in the background of this basic construction, is what Bak et al. (2006) call a groupoid atlas, i.e. an extension of topological manifold theory to groupoid mappings.","…treatment can be enriched by introducing a groupoid formalism which is roughly similar to recent analyses of linked dynamic networks described by differential equation models (e.g. Golubitsky and Stewart, 2006; Stewart et al., 2003, Stewart, 2004; Weinstein, 1996; Connes, 1994; Bak et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2472644479,"citingcorpusid":23935939,"citedcorpusid":143842583,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In other words, adjectives that are more context independent (e.g., color, as opposed to size) or provide more specific denotations (e.g., color, as opposed to value) typically occur closer to the noun (Danks and Glucksberg, 1971; Lockhart and Martin, 1969).","These results are consistent with previous findings showing that adjectives that tend to occur closer to a noun are better remembered (Lockhart and Martin, 1969)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":727055631,"citingcorpusid":8329824,"citedcorpusid":60753831,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ANALYSIS Our proofs of Theorem 1 and 2 exploit results from the stochastic approximation literature [5], [2]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2384544152,"citingcorpusid":23165979,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["^ The role of income in providing access to desirable retirement areas seems so obvious (Davies and Davies, 1983; Karn, 1977; Law and Warnes, 1980; Warnes and Law, 1984) that the possibly different 'desirability' of such moves has hardly been analysed: greater income gives the flexibility to live elsewhere, but it is thought that those people with lower incomes would move willingly if they had the financial means to do so."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":148696967,"citingcorpusid":9003768,"citedcorpusid":84626027,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Lipophilic dye-based screening procedures (Spiekermann et al. 1999; Takagi and Yamane 1997) are useful and Fig.","Methods for identifying PHA-producing organisms abound (Spiekermann et al. 1999; Takagi and Yamane 1997).","Lipophilic dye-based screening procedures (Spiekermann et al. 1999; Takagi and Yamane 1997) are useful and\ndirect for visualizing the presence of PHA inclusion bodies in microbes."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2879911170,"citingcorpusid":53474501,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Turkana regard as the only basis of the justice the fact that ‘I’ make mutual agreement with others, in other words, that ‘my’ behavior is supported by others in the communication and that ‘my’ experience becomes commonly attributed to others (Osawa, 1990)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":104464626,"citingcorpusid":5627158,"citedcorpusid":10418867,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The effects of TPN and EN on nutritional status have been reviewed previously [1, 2] and are summarized in Tables 1 and 2."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":519532710,"citingcorpusid":52832326,"citedcorpusid":73786713,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Literature review revealed 33 other cases of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia induced by low-dose (10 mg daily) ADV [8-32] (Table 4).","5246 Int J Clin Exp Med 2018;11(5):5245-5255 gers proximal renal tubular dysfunction and causes hypophosphatemic osteomalacia with systemic pain, a feature of Fanconi’s syndrome, particularly in populations of China and other regions of East Asian [8-32].","Most cases (32/35) involved subjects of East-Asian ethnicity, including Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Cambodian [8-29]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":237965268,"citingcorpusid":52832326,"citedcorpusid":26586308,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Literature review revealed 33 other cases of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia induced by low-dose (10 mg daily) ADV [8-32] (Table 4).","5246 Int J Clin Exp Med 2018;11(5):5245-5255 gers proximal renal tubular dysfunction and causes hypophosphatemic osteomalacia with systemic pain, a feature of Fanconi’s syndrome, particularly in populations of China and other regions of East Asian [8-32].","Most cases (32/35) involved subjects of East-Asian ethnicity, including Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Cambodian [8-29].","8 ADV cessation, phosphate supplementation [15]"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":237965340,"citingcorpusid":52832326,"citedcorpusid":19421748,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["5246 Int J Clin Exp Med 2018;11(5):5245-5255 gers proximal renal tubular dysfunction and causes hypophosphatemic osteomalacia with systemic pain, a feature of Fanconi’s syndrome, particularly in populations of China and other regions of East Asian [8-32].","Literature review revealed 33 other cases of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia induced by low-dose (10 mg daily) ADV [8-32] (Table 4).","8 Switched with entecavir, phosphate, cholecalciferol [30]","The one of other three cases was from Singapore and the rest two cases did not specify ethnicity [30-32].","Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia, vitamin D-related osteomalacia, and osteomalacia with hypophosphatasia (low ALP) are the three main types of osteomalacia [30]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3691499327,"citingcorpusid":245458108,"citedcorpusid":126590722,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3720251102,"citingcorpusid":248030029,"citedcorpusid":158945369,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["According to Prentice et al. (2019) and Shen and Tang (2018), technical quality focuses on how the key service meets customer expectations, while functional quality is related to the impact on customers' participation in the service provision process."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3720251086,"citingcorpusid":248030029,"citedcorpusid":24994372,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Awasthi et al. (2011) assert that the SERVQUAL instrument is only suitable for assessing the areas that sell pure services and is hardly applicable where services are intertwined with goods, because distinguishing additional criteria is necessary to measure the quality of services intertwined with goods. The summary of the authors' ideas allows stating that the SERVQUAL methodology is not only the most popular but also the most commonly used tool for assessing the quality of service provision/ services, although it has drawbacks. This methodology cannot be used in specific service areas, because the data received are inappropriate. Moreover, the methodology deals with functional (process) quality only. The authors (Ijadi Maghsoodi et al., 2019) also emphasize that the methodology has been developed for \"pure services\", so it is better to refrain from its use in services intertwined with goods. This model is relevant in aviation, because it assesses the perceived quality of service and analyses the service staff. Aviation service provision has a lot of direct contact with customers, because it is subject to enhanced security controls, customers are asked questions for security reasons, they are screened at airport security stations to be able to enter the sterile airport zone. Interaction between airport staff and customers determines further customer emotions and their travel mood, so this model is relevant for exploring the quality of aviation customer service. However, the model cannot be applied in aviation customer service, because it addresses gaps in the service provided and opportunities for their improvement only. Aviation customer service should devote a particular attention to staff development and the assessment of the former situation due to its specific work environment and tasks of employees. It also lacks a very important component collaboration with external customers. Grönroos's model of overall perceived quality. Grönroos (1990) developed a model of overall perceived quality, which covers functional and technical quality parameters, image and customer expectations (the expected quality). According to Prentice et al. (2019) and Shen and Tang (2018), technical quality focuses on how the key service meets customer expectations, while functional quality is related to the impact on customers' participation in the service provision process.","Awasthi et al. (2011) assert that the SERVQUAL instrument is only suitable for assessing the areas that sell pure services and is hardly applicable where services are intertwined with goods, because distinguishing additional criteria is necessary to measure the quality of services intertwined with goods. The summary of the authors' ideas allows stating that the SERVQUAL methodology is not only the most popular but also the most commonly used tool for assessing the quality of service provision/ services, although it has drawbacks. This methodology cannot be used in specific service areas, because the data received are inappropriate. Moreover, the methodology deals with functional (process) quality only. The authors (Ijadi Maghsoodi et al., 2019) also emphasize that the methodology has been developed for \"pure services\", so it is better to refrain from its use in services intertwined with goods. This model is relevant in aviation, because it assesses the perceived quality of service and analyses the service staff. Aviation service provision has a lot of direct contact with customers, because it is subject to enhanced security controls, customers are asked questions for security reasons, they are screened at airport security stations to be able to enter the sterile airport zone. Interaction between airport staff and customers determines further customer emotions and their travel mood, so this model is relevant for exploring the quality of aviation customer service. However, the model cannot be applied in aviation customer service, because it addresses gaps in the service provided and opportunities for their improvement only. Aviation customer service should devote a particular attention to staff development and the assessment of the former situation due to its specific work environment and tasks of employees. It also lacks a very important component collaboration with external customers. Grönroos's model of overall perceived quality. Grönroos (1990) developed a model of overall perceived quality, which covers functional and technical quality parameters, image and customer expectations (the expected quality). According to Prentice et al. (2019) and Shen and Tang (2018), technical quality focuses on how the key service meets customer expectations, while functional quality is related to the impact on customers' participation in the service provision process. Both of these parameters have a significant influence on how customers value service quality and how loyal they are to the service provider. In describing the technical quality, Roy et al. (2018) state that from the technical point of view, before serving/providing a service, tangible tools could be demonstrated to customers. The quality of these tools affects the expectations for future service. However, technical quality parameters do not in themselves guarantee that the service provided to customers will be of good quality, even if it is in line with external obligations and promises of the provider. Thus, according to Dixon and Verma (2013), the functional aspect, which must meet the customer's expectations, is much more important, or otherwise the technical quality becomes absolutely irrelevant, and customers have a poor opinion of the quality of service provision. According to Frohlich and Dixon (2001), the Grönroos's model does not determine the level of the perceived quality in terms of technical and functional quality parameters.","Awasthi et al. (2011) assert that the SERVQUAL instrument is only suitable for assessing the areas that sell pure services and is hardly applicable where services are intertwined with goods, because distinguishing additional criteria is necessary to measure the quality of services intertwined with goods. The summary of the authors' ideas allows stating that the SERVQUAL methodology is not only the most popular but also the most commonly used tool for assessing the quality of service provision/ services, although it has drawbacks. This methodology cannot be used in specific service areas, because the data received are inappropriate. Moreover, the methodology deals with functional (process) quality only. The authors (Ijadi Maghsoodi et al., 2019) also emphasize that the methodology has been developed for \"pure services\", so it is better to refrain from its use in services intertwined with goods. This model is relevant in aviation, because it assesses the perceived quality of service and analyses the service staff. Aviation service provision has a lot of direct contact with customers, because it is subject to enhanced security controls, customers are asked questions for security reasons, they are screened at airport security stations to be able to enter the sterile airport zone. Interaction between airport staff and customers determines further customer emotions and their travel mood, so this model is relevant for exploring the quality of aviation customer service. However, the model cannot be applied in aviation customer service, because it addresses gaps in the service provided and opportunities for their improvement only. Aviation customer service should devote a particular attention to staff development and the assessment of the former situation due to its specific work environment and tasks of employees. It also lacks a very important component collaboration with external customers. Grönroos's model of overall perceived quality. Grönroos (1990) developed a model of overall perceived quality, which covers functional and technical quality parameters, image and customer expectations (the expected quality). According to Prentice et al. (2019) and Shen and Tang (2018), technical quality focuses on how the key service meets customer expectations, while functional quality is related to the impact on customers' participation in the service provision process. Both of these parameters have a significant influence on how customers value service quality and how loyal they are to the service provider. In describing the technical quality, Roy et al. (2018) state that from the technical point of view, before serving/providing a service, tangible tools could be demonstrated to customers.","Awasthi et al. (2011) assert that the SERVQUAL instrument is only suitable for assessing the areas that sell pure services and is hardly applicable where services are intertwined with goods, because distinguishing additional criteria is necessary to measure the quality of services intertwined with goods. The summary of the authors' ideas allows stating that the SERVQUAL methodology is not only the most popular but also the most commonly used tool for assessing the quality of service provision/ services, although it has drawbacks. This methodology cannot be used in specific service areas, because the data received are inappropriate. Moreover, the methodology deals with functional (process) quality only. The authors (Ijadi Maghsoodi et al., 2019) also emphasize that the methodology has been developed for \"pure services\", so it is better to refrain from its use in services intertwined with goods. This model is relevant in aviation, because it assesses the perceived quality of service and analyses the service staff. Aviation service provision has a lot of direct contact with customers, because it is subject to enhanced security controls, customers are asked questions for security reasons, they are screened at airport security stations to be able to enter the sterile airport zone. Interaction between airport staff and customers determines further customer emotions and their travel mood, so this model is relevant for exploring the quality of aviation customer service. However, the model cannot be applied in aviation customer service, because it addresses gaps in the service provided and opportunities for their improvement only. Aviation customer service should devote a particular attention to staff development and the assessment of the former situation due to its specific work environment and tasks of employees. It also lacks a very important component collaboration with external customers. Grönroos's model of overall perceived quality. Grönroos (1990) developed a model of overall perceived quality, which covers functional and technical quality parameters, image and customer expectations (the expected quality).","Awasthi et al. (2011) assert that the SERVQUAL instrument is only suitable for assessing the areas that sell pure services and is hardly applicable where services are intertwined with goods, because distinguishing additional criteria is necessary to measure the quality of services intertwined with goods.","Awasthi et al. (2011) assert that the SERVQUAL instrument is only suitable for assessing the areas that sell pure services and is hardly applicable where services are intertwined with goods, because distinguishing additional criteria is necessary to measure the quality of services intertwined with…","Awasthi et al. (2011) assert that the SERVQUAL instrument is only suitable for assessing the areas that sell pure services and is hardly applicable where services are intertwined with goods, because distinguishing additional criteria is necessary to measure the quality of services intertwined with goods. The summary of the authors' ideas allows stating that the SERVQUAL methodology is not only the most popular but also the most commonly used tool for assessing the quality of service provision/ services, although it has drawbacks. This methodology cannot be used in specific service areas, because the data received are inappropriate. Moreover, the methodology deals with functional (process) quality only. The authors (Ijadi Maghsoodi et al., 2019) also emphasize that the methodology has been developed for \"pure services\", so it is better to refrain from its use in services intertwined with goods. This model is relevant in aviation, because it assesses the perceived quality of service and analyses the service staff. Aviation service provision has a lot of direct contact with customers, because it is subject to enhanced security controls, customers are asked questions for security reasons, they are screened at airport security stations to be able to enter the sterile airport zone. Interaction between airport staff and customers determines further customer emotions and their travel mood, so this model is relevant for exploring the quality of aviation customer service. However, the model cannot be applied in aviation customer service, because it addresses gaps in the service provided and opportunities for their improvement only. Aviation customer service should devote a particular attention to staff development and the assessment of the former situation due to its specific work environment and tasks of employees. It also lacks a very important component collaboration with external customers. Grönroos's model of overall perceived quality. Grönroos (1990) developed a model of overall perceived quality, which covers functional and technical quality parameters, image and customer expectations (the expected quality). According to Prentice et al. (2019) and Shen and Tang (2018), technical quality focuses on how the key service meets customer expectations, while functional quality is related to the impact on customers' participation in the service provision process. Both of these parameters have a significant influence on how customers value service quality and how loyal they are to the service provider. In describing the technical quality, Roy et al. (2018) state that from the technical point of view, before serving/providing a service, tangible tools could be demonstrated to customers. The quality of these tools affects the expectations for future service. However, technical quality parameters do not in themselves guarantee that the service provided to customers will be of good quality, even if it is in line with external obligations and promises of the provider. Thus, according to Dixon and Verma (2013), the functional aspect, which must meet the customer's expectations, is much more important, or otherwise the technical quality becomes absolutely irrelevant, and customers have a poor opinion of the quality of service provision.","Awasthi et al. (2011) assert that the SERVQUAL instrument is only suitable for assessing the areas that sell pure services and is hardly applicable where services are intertwined with goods, because distinguishing additional criteria is necessary to measure the quality of services intertwined with goods. The summary of the authors' ideas allows stating that the SERVQUAL methodology is not only the most popular but also the most commonly used tool for assessing the quality of service provision/ services, although it has drawbacks. This methodology cannot be used in specific service areas, because the data received are inappropriate. Moreover, the methodology deals with functional (process) quality only. The authors (Ijadi Maghsoodi et al., 2019) also emphasize that the methodology has been developed for \"pure services\", so it is better to refrain from its use in services intertwined with goods. This model is relevant in aviation, because it assesses the perceived quality of service and analyses the service staff. Aviation service provision has a lot of direct contact with customers, because it is subject to enhanced security controls, customers are asked questions for security reasons, they are screened at airport security stations to be able to enter the sterile airport zone. Interaction between airport staff and customers determines further customer emotions and their travel mood, so this model is relevant for exploring the quality of aviation customer service. However, the model cannot be applied in aviation customer service, because it addresses gaps in the service provided and opportunities for their improvement only. Aviation customer service should devote a particular attention to staff development and the assessment of the former situation due to its specific work environment and tasks of employees. It also lacks a very important component collaboration with external customers. Grönroos's model of overall perceived quality. Grönroos (1990) developed a model of overall perceived quality, which covers functional and technical quality parameters, image and customer expectations (the expected quality). According to Prentice et al. (2019) and Shen and Tang (2018), technical quality focuses on how the key service meets customer expectations, while functional quality is related to the impact on customers' participation in the service provision process. Both of these parameters have a significant influence on how customers value service quality and how loyal they are to the service provider. In describing the technical quality, Roy et al. (2018) state that from the technical point of view, before serving/providing a service, tangible tools could be demonstrated to customers. The quality of these tools affects the expectations for future service. However, technical quality parameters do not in themselves guarantee that the service provided to customers will be of good quality, even if it is in line with external obligations and promises of the provider. Thus, according to Dixon and Verma (2013), the functional aspect, which must meet the customer's expectations, is much more important, or otherwise the technical quality becomes absolutely irrelevant, and customers have a poor opinion of the quality of service provision. According to Frohlich and Dixon (2001), the Grönroos's model does not determine the level of the perceived quality in terms of technical and functional quality parameters. This model shows the difference between the expected quality and the quality received, and measures how well the service provision / service process and its outcome meet the customer's expectations. Having developed its model of overall perceived quality, Grönroos distinguished four service quality assessments for examining the model. According to Palaima and Banytė (2006), a well-perceived quality is achieved when the quality received meets the customer's expectations."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["background"],["background"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":3957291224,"citingcorpusid":250537798,"citedcorpusid":143779277,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The acquisition of publishing companies by media corporations contributed to the transformation of the publishing market (Luey, 1991; McCleery, 2019).","…publishing is best defined by its purposes and activities rather than by the specific media in which these purposes are manifested’ (Luey, 1991, pp. 3–4).","The acquisition of publishing\ncompanies by media corporations contributed to the transformation of the publishing market (Luey, 1991; McCleery, 2019)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3657959604,"citingcorpusid":246414318,"citedcorpusid":108502456,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["New technologies can be realized both by optimizing existing 3He-based or high energy physics motivated systems, like 10B4C-coated gas electron multipliers (GEM)[22,23], or by new concepts that are designed for solid neutron converters, like MultiGrid, the Jalousie detectors[24,25], and the Multi-Blade detectors[26,27]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":12596580,"citingcorpusid":2024557,"citedcorpusid":19419581,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We still know relatively little about the characteristics of these women, how they respond to treatment (Buttell et al. 2012; Macy et al. 2012; Tower et al. 2008; Tutty et al. 2009; Walker 2013) and whether they differ from women who seek support for abuse by intimate partners.","Several qualitative studies reported women’s satisfaction with the groups (Macy et al. 2012; Walker 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":57138905,"citingcorpusid":14620069,"citedcorpusid":25784018,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The molecular components of the clock system in a number of aquaculture fish species, such as in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) [10], Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) [11], rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [12] and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) [13], have also been studied to a limited extent.","This photosensitivity profile is corroborated by the expression of their orthologs in zebrafish skeletal muscle [21] but not in either central or peripheral clocks in rainbow trout [12] and mouse [43]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1842360892,"citingcorpusid":199022285,"citedcorpusid":95801174,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We also note that, differently from the CH4 case, vibrational excitation of CO+2 ions was found to enhance the CT reaction probability with O2 (Durup-Ferguson et al., 1983; Ferguson et al., 1992; Viggiano and Morris, 1996; Nicolas et al., 2002).","…that the vibrational excitation of CO+2 increases the reactivity with O2 and NO (Alge et al., 1981; Durup-Ferguson et al., 1983; Derai et al., 1985; Ferguson et al., 1992; Nicolas et al., 2002), while it decreases the rate coefficient for the reaction with H2 (Albritton, 1979; Borodi et al., 2009).","As tentatively explained and demonstrated in Ferguson et al. (1992), in the O2 case a small amount in the stretching excitation of CO+2 can lead to an increase in the CT probability."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3355490098,"citingcorpusid":235284874,"citedcorpusid":118446774,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In turbomachinery, the most used models are the Abu-Ghannam and Shaw (AGS) criterion [5] and the  − R?̃?θt model [6-9]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1899198953,"citingcorpusid":42203120,"citedcorpusid":38649865,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…induced by SNL was determined by assessing the response of paw withdrawal to von Frey hairs of graded tensile strength as described previously with a tactile stimulus producing a 50% likelihood of withdrawal determined using the up–down method (Dixon, 1980; Chaplan et al., 1994; Hao et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1900049654,"citingcorpusid":55183846,"citedcorpusid":5536005,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The two arrays are also referred to as the AND and OR-planes [23].","The Bristle Blocks compiler is tailored to produce chips for a particular architecture [42] and adopts the Mead and Conway [23] methodology of structured design."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1580878701,"citingcorpusid":151709345,"citedcorpusid":6408043,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["5 ms when stimulus rate increased from 10 to 100/s indicating a 15 ~ 20 dB decrease in signal intensity at the stimulus rate of 10/s (Don et al., 1977).","These latency shift amounts were higher than that of wave I in our study, but the mean latency shift of wave V was\napproximately .5 ms when stimulus rate increased from 10 to 100/s indicating a 15 ~ 20 dB decrease in signal intensity at the stimulus rate of 10/s (Don et al., 1977)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3610211651,"citingcorpusid":244075935,"citedcorpusid":38649865,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Mechanical allodynia as a readout was assessed as the hind paw withdrawal response to von Frey hair stimulation using the up-and-down method (Dixon 1980)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1897773610,"citingcorpusid":2027931,"citedcorpusid":38649865,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A logarithmic series of 9 filaments was applied to the left hind paw to determine the threshold stiffness required for 50% pawwithdrawal according to Dixon up-and-down method.(16) A single experimenter performed the test to reduce variability of the outcome."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1686958905,"citingcorpusid":205397380,"citedcorpusid":38649865,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The lateral aspect of the hind paw plantar surface (sural receptive field) was stimulated with an incremental series of 8 monofilaments of logarithmic stiffness using a modified up–down method.(10,20) Each filament"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1543687391,"citingcorpusid":3901682,"citedcorpusid":38649865,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Withdrawal threshold was determined by sequentially increasing and decreasing the stimulus strength (“up and down” method), analyzed using a Dixon nonparametric test, and expressed as the mean withdrawal threshold.(14)"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2965720459,"citingcorpusid":19025261,"citedcorpusid":5536005,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The design of asynchronous systems based on self-timed circuits [1] has been more broadly accepted in the last years.","1 Introduction Asynchronous circuits present properties that meet the requirements for large, complex systems [1, 2]: no clock skew, modular interconnectivity, low peak currents, and performance determined by average processing speeds.","1 Data-Path The data-path is composed of self-timed blocks (ALUs, registers, multiplexors, etc) synchronized by means of a handshaking protocol implemented with two signals: request and completion [1]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1567823033,"citingcorpusid":201067121,"citedcorpusid":5536005,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These could cause meta-stability [1][5] in the receiving device, i.","Furthermore these characteristics are influenced by various parameters, mainly the temperature and the supplied voltage [1].","Usually, a clock signal is used to synchronize the transmitter and the receiver in synchronous communication [1]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":56610910,"citingcorpusid":14647951,"citedcorpusid":2281545,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["That the expression of KIFs did not recapitulate the developmental program was similar to the results obtained by studies on the gene or protein expression of MAPS during regeneration (Woodhams et al., 1989; Oblinger et al., 1991; Svensson and Aldskogius, 1992; Fawcett et al., 1994)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
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{"citationid":15344593,"citingcorpusid":13922879,"citedcorpusid":26156906,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This exposome approach as originally conceived [25,38] mainly assumes that biomarkers would be the measures of the environment, but Peters and colleagues have recently pointed out a number of problems with this, including the fact that relevant environmental exposures such as noise, heat or electromagnetic fields do not have such direct correlates as metabolites or protein adducts, although there is important evidence linking them with health effects [39]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2056640938,"citingcorpusid":218992248,"citedcorpusid":13429608,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Тромбоциты содержат большое количество РФ, таких как PDGF, TGF‐b1 и TGF‐b2, FGF, VEGF и инсулиноподобный фактор роста (IGF), которые стимулируют пролифе‐ рацию клеток, ремоделирование матрикса и ангио‐ генез [54]."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":3911172455,"citingcorpusid":225557884,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["T Traditional boosting techniques utilized for many class classifications (Freund and Schapire 1997) require many labeled weak classifiers are commonly costly for analyzing and calculating the 2 class as weak input classifiers."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3407667341,"citingcorpusid":226512734,"citedcorpusid":1936837,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Cybercrime digital forensics consists of 4 main steps: preparation, collection, analysis and reporting (Geddes and Zadeh, 2016) which is based on Digital Forensics Process Model (Palmer, 2001), (Karabiyik and Akkaya, 2019)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3992273350,"citingcorpusid":118944862,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[21], leading to the following conclusions: (i) de-Sitter solutions exist, and (ii) Slow roll inflation is supported.","[21], where the authors first considered the possibility of inflation driven by a rank-2 antisymmetric tensor.","In several past studies, instabilities have been found at this stage [20, 21].","However, for any choice of LNM in action (3) the perturbations to Bμν in FLRW background admit ghosts [20, 21] induced by the presence of nondynamical modes of perturbation.","Past attempts at studying inflation with antisymmetric tensor have not been successful because of the possibility of ghosts as a generic feature of the theory [20, 21].","(19) Clearly, when τ = 0, modes Ei (i = 1, 2, 3), become nondynamical and would lead to ghosts [21]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3647487773,"citingcorpusid":246015781,"citedcorpusid":4701683,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Inclusion of domain-specific words has proven to increase the efficiency of the analyzer in the past (Islam and Zibran 2017)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2088017607,"citingcorpusid":108953399,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For examples from advanced countries, Angelini, Bańbura and Rünstler (2008) predicted the euro area’s macroeconomic variables, Bessec (2012) did the same for French GDP, den Reijer (2005) for Dutch macroeconomic variables, Schumacher (2007) for German GDP, and Schneider and Spitzer (2004) for Austrian GDP.1) There have been numerous cases for\n1) Other cases from the advanced economies include Kapetanios, Labhard and Price (2007) for macroeconomic variables in England, Godbout and Lombardi (2012) for Japanese macroeconomic variables, both Gosselin and Tkacz (2001) and Cheung and Demers (2007) for Canadian GDP and inflation, and\nForecasting Macroeconomic Variables Using Data Dimension Reduction Methods: The Case of Korea 2\nemerging countries as well,2) but no research has yet forecast Korean macroeconomic variables using this kind of factor model although Lee (2004) applied PCA in forecasting the inflection point of the Korean economy’s business cycle.3)\nIn spite of PCA’s good forecasting performance, it is very hard to tell exactly what any individual factor implicates.","• Boosting: Introduced by Freund and Schapire (1997), boosting is a procedure\n5 BOK Working Paper No.2013-26 (2013.12)\nthat builds on a user-determined set of functions (e.g. least square estimators), often called “learners”, and uses this set iteratively on filtered data by reducing the residuals…","1) Other cases from the advanced economies include Kapetanios, Labhard and Price (2007) for macroeconomic variables in England, Godbout and Lombardi (2012) for Japanese macroeconomic variables, both Gosselin and Tkacz (2001) and Cheung and Demers (2007) for Canadian GDP and inflation, and"],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1609434275,"citingcorpusid":154165724,"citedcorpusid":153518968,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Feed accounts for as much as 82% and 70% of total costs for tilapia (in ponds and cages, respectively), more than 50% for milkfish and seabass cage culture and for shrimp pond culture (Baliao et al., 2000; Ling et al., 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1143832266,"citingcorpusid":132940243,"citedcorpusid":10071295,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["where Rλ is the remote sensing reflectance at the spectral channel centered at λ nm, have been shown to yield accurate estimates of chl-a concentration in optically deep inland and coastal waters in North America, Asia and Europe (Gilerson et al., 2010; Gitelson et al., 2011; Gurlin et al., 2011; Moses et al., 2012a), with the spectral band positions of the models fixed at MERIS’ spectral channels centered at 665 nm, 708 nm, and 753 nm.","HICO has been shown to provide accurate estimates of the concentrations of optically active components in coastal waters (Gitelson et al., 2011; Braga et al., 2013; Moses et al., 2014).","In 2001, the European Space Agency launched the\n11\nCompact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (CHRIS), a programmable sensor with up to 63 bands."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1561769659,"citingcorpusid":126127098,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the binary classification setting, Freund and Schapire proved that the Adaboost algorithm’s error in predicting a binary classification is bounded above (Freund and Schapire, 1996 and Freund and Schapire, 1997).","Boosting is a\ngeneralization of the Adaptive Boosting or Adaboost method used in computer learning that was proposed by Freund and Schapire (1997)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3721221706,"citingcorpusid":244833006,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Briefly, we employed four state-of-the-art classification methods, including support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting machine (GBM), random forest (RF), and logistic regression with the elastic net penalty (EN), to learn the pattern of gene expression profiles associated with treatment of the studied disease[10]-[14]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":147137455,"citingcorpusid":4369414,"citedcorpusid":11214306,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, many breast cancer cells/tumors are resistant to 5-FU which is a major obstacle for successful cancer chemotherapy [1, 5, 63, 64]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":800484504,"citingcorpusid":6789028,"citedcorpusid":12003435,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The costs of both Algorithms 1 and 2 may be reduced at the price of increased storage [Kanungo et al. 2002]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1564844324,"citingcorpusid":15529325,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Freund and Schapire (1997) proposed AdaBoost.","M2, which was developed for the multiclass classification by Freund and Schapire (1997).","Specifically, AdaBoost (Freund and Schapire, 1997) was the most successful boosting algorithm in which base classifiers are combined by a linear coefficient vector that minimizes the exponential loss function."],"intents":[null,["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":310269461,"citingcorpusid":3949857,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To investigate a non-linear mapping of scanpath-based features to age, we use multi-class Gentle AdaBoost algorithm [12]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3933487623,"citingcorpusid":234771672,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Variants of algorithms to solve a worst-case stochastic MAB problem in an online framework were developed (Freund and Schapire, 1995, 1999) based on the previous mentioned works.","The oblivious adversarial MAB problem can be solved using the Exponential ExploreExploit (EXP3) algorithm (Auer et al., 2002), which is a variant of the “Hedge” algorithm proposed by Freund and Schapire (1995)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2084996546,"citingcorpusid":9637346,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2003), maximum entropy (Daumé III, 2008), adaptive boosting (Freund and Schapire, 1997; Zhu et al., 2009), multi-class SVM (Crammer and Singer, 2002; Chang and Lin, 2011) and random forest2 (Breiman, 2001) classifiers via Scikit-learn (Pedregosa et al."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3181762499,"citingcorpusid":9697208,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["REFERENCES [1] Y. Freund and R.E. Schapire, A decision-theoretic generalization of on-\nline learning and an application to boosting, J. Comput.","PROPOSED METHOD\nA. AdaBoost AdaBoost was proposed in 1995 by Freund and Schapire [1] as an efficient algorithm of the ensemble learning field.","Among all the theoretically provable boosting techniques, the most successful one in practical applications has been AdaBoost due to Freund and Schapire [1].","In section 2 the AdaBoost learning procedure proposed in [1] is briefly introduced as well as our post-optimization procedure based on Genetic Algorithms is presented.","[2] R.E. Schapire, The strength of weak learnability, Machine Learning, 1990, 5(2):197-227.","AdaBoost AdaBoost was proposed in 1995 by Freund and Schapire [1] as an efficient algorithm of the ensemble learning field."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],["methodology"],null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2709062528,"citingcorpusid":19250270,"citedcorpusid":204997455,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…et al., 2004), alterations in DJ-1, a protein associated with oxidative stress (Bonifati et al., 2003), accumulation and aggregation of a-synuclein (Polymeropoulos et al., 1997; Singleton et al., 2003), and defects in the ubiquitin– proteasome system (UPS) (Kitada et al., 1998; Leroy et al., 1998)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3298276021,"citingcorpusid":232387408,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The aggregated classifier using the additive modeling structure is as follows (17):"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":34464680,"citingcorpusid":11198675,"citedcorpusid":31414876,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Based on the same spelling error categories, Abu-Rabia and Taha (2006) investigated the spelling error profiles of Arabic speaking students in grades 1 - 9."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2819985019,"citingcorpusid":145810750,"citedcorpusid":8973463,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(For related discussions about cross-linguistic transfer, see Durgunoglu & Oney, 2000; Durgunoglu & Vorhoeven, 1998; MacWhinney, 1992)."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1569308701,"citingcorpusid":92995726,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We also evaluated the resistance of the proposed PUF against 4 ensemble ML techniques that are known to be effective attacks against PUFs: the evolution strategy (ES) [14], random forest (RF) [15], bagging [16], and boosting [17]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3902672763,"citingcorpusid":224707524,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Two boosted decision tree (BDT) classifiers [26–28], that use as inputs variables related to the SV, are employed: one for heavy-/light-jet separation (BDTbc|q) and the other for b-/c-jet separation (BDTb|c)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1565599380,"citingcorpusid":41411565,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["When getting the status boxes, a hybrid approach that integrates AdaBoost algorithm [17], GA and probabilistic SVM is constructed to solve the classification problem of the status boxes.","The AdaBoost (adaptive boosting) algorithm is one of the most popular ensemble methods proposed by Yoav Freund and Robert Shapire in 1995 [17]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3762117188,"citingcorpusid":151425675,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["3つの特徴量(移動方向の変化,移動の速さ変化,および 静止から移動への状態移行の有無)をフレーム毎に算出し, AdaBoost[8,9]によって有生性を判別することにした."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":3911272389,"citingcorpusid":110020086,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3236569367,"citingcorpusid":231662484,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The general principle behind boosting is that a combination of many weak learners yields a more powerful predictor than a single strong learner on its own (Schapire, 1990; Freund and Schapire, 1997).","These decision trees have been successfully incorporated in several ensemble methods as well, with Adaptive Boosting, or Adaboost, of Freund and Schapire (1997) being perhaps one of the most popular algorithms."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2189573291,"citingcorpusid":220259004,"citedcorpusid":1549414,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, in the real world, the perturbations such as source, quantization and channel noise frequently limit the evaluations or information exchange [32]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":966734260,"citingcorpusid":59340176,"citedcorpusid":7300624,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Our findings are also in line with another study that found that MQ scores are positively associated with the average degree, global efficiency and local efficiency of the DMN in young, healthy subjects (Tao et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":1569268788,"citingcorpusid":108471724,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["* Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost): The AdaBoost classifier [2] is a meta-classifier that attempts to maximize accuracy for a classifier through analysis of and close attention to misclassifications over several iterations of training.","This work shows that with the use of machine learning techniques such as Adaptive Boosting [2], PreCog, without any prior knowledge of its target, can be accurately trained using past and current system behavior to predict future application in a variety of domains."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3384144725,"citingcorpusid":236087988,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and fully-grown trees, while Boosting fits a sequence of correlated simple trees (“weaker learners”) and each tree explains only a small amount of variation not captured by previous trees (Freund and Schapire 1997; Chipman, George, and McCulloch 2010; Hastie, Tibshirani, and Friedman 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1556418053,"citingcorpusid":14339058,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For this purpose, the absolute value of the discriminant function for the examples labeled 0 is constrained to be small, while the F (x)z of the examples labeled ±1 is maximized as in the original AdaBoost.","A ternary AdaBoost algorithm can be obtained so as to sequentially minimize the loss function using a set of weak classification machines each of which outputs +1 or −1; in the followings, we employ the decision stump as the weak classifier.","We, in this study, then present a ‘ternary’ AdaBoost algorithm (T-AdaBoost) to cope with the problem above, which is described in subsection 3.1.","While methods for binary classification, such as classical linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM) [2] and AdaBoost [3], are well established, multi-class classification remains challenging, and methods to achieve it are still being developed.","Recently, several multi-class extensions of SVM [4, 5] and AdaBoost (AdaBoost-M2 and so on) [3] have also been proposed.","Here, we consider an AdaBoost algorithm for binary classification, but its loss function is a modified one to deal with the category ‘don’t care’ (i.e. code 0).","If we set the hyper-parameter λ to 0, the algorithm reduces to the original AdaBoost.","As a constituent binary classifier, we can employ any one, e.g., SVM [2] and AdaBoost [3].","To overcome this difficulty, we proposed a T-AdaBoost algorithm, which enables us to estimate membership probabilities to three categories: ‘positive’, ‘negative’ and ‘don’t care’.","As individual binary classifiers, we employed the TAdaBoost algorithm with the decision stump."],"intents":[null,null,null,["methodology"],["background"],null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1570706874,"citingcorpusid":16864310,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2 Boosting and AdaBoost Boosting [18][19] is a family of ensemble techniques to improve the performance of classifiers by sequentially training and then combining a collection of base (or called weak) classifiers through an iterative process, which makes the succeeding new base classifier(s) put more emphasis on the training samples that are hardest to be classified by previous iterations.","0 ) 0 ( > t γ , the error is bounded as follows [19]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3315414970,"citingcorpusid":233194772,"citedcorpusid":14161914,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While this approach was previously used to reverse engineer and extract functional components [37], we are the first to leverage user help to specialize complex software.","work that focused on similar challenges [37]."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":1571807384,"citingcorpusid":25819487,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["AdaBoost (AB) [19] represents another well-known boosting method, where a sequence of weak learners is fitted to repeatedly modified versions of the training data."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":64498283,"citingcorpusid":24752564,"citedcorpusid":12680508,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In fact, ensemble methods such as bag-ging and random subspace, have been shown to be effective against poisoning attacks by reducing the influence of outliers in the training data assuming that the adversary controls only a small percentage of the data (Biggio et al. 2011).","In fact, ensemble methods such as bagging and random subspace, have been shown to be effective against poisoning attacks by reducing the influence of outliers in the training data assuming that the adversary controls only a small percentage of the data (Biggio et al. 2011)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":345314643,"citingcorpusid":31773531,"citedcorpusid":25418078,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We have been also waiting for PCSK9 inhibitors to be commonly reimbursed and available for statin intolerant patients, as well as for other new drugs with the therapy potential in this group of patients—such as bempedoic acid.(8) It also seems that some nutraceuticals might be useful in these patients as a part of combination therapy."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1555425056,"citingcorpusid":199009777,"citedcorpusid":6644398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["presented in [55, 54] has an upper bound with high probability and can be expressed as in Equation 10."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":322213266,"citingcorpusid":17481754,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For detailed estimates for each well the reader is referred to [3-6].","an exhumational event took place which resulted in the basin wide Nappamerri unconformity [2-6] (Fig.","Hence, if the magnitude of exhumation is quantified it can be used to better predict source rock maturity and to reconstruct basin morphology at the time of hydrocarbon migration and hence elucidate pre-exhumation migration pathways [3-6].","The reported apparent exhumation values from the AFTA and FIHT methods [6] are also in broad agreement with those extracted from compaction analysis (Table 1 and Figs."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":1134235140,"citingcorpusid":151707215,"citedcorpusid":153287482,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These three ideologies are: 1) Predacious globalization (Falk, 1999); viewing a particular brand as being exploitative and capitalist."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3139886475,"citingcorpusid":220386306,"citedcorpusid":10476007,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Therefore, transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines (GFPh) that stably express SP-GFP-HDEL under a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter are widely used to better understand the structure, dynamics, and functions of the ER in plants.(3,4) ER visualization markers with other fluorescent proteins, such as a red fluorescent protein (RFP), are also valuable to the analysis of plant ER."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2755007865,"citingcorpusid":9380696,"citedcorpusid":10476007,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We used the GFP-chimeric gene that we had generated (Mitsuhashi et al., 2000).","In contrast, the vacuole-targeted GFP in BY-2 cells was actively transported to the vacuoles in our previous study (Mitsuhashi et al., 2000)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":1587825369,"citingcorpusid":142032544,"citedcorpusid":147615983,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Reproduisant cette même étude à une plus grande échelle, Sanagavarapu (1999) a constaté que les mères indiennes régulaient et contrôlaient la tâche tout en utilisant une approche plus explicite et plus directive que les mères australiennes."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2722446697,"citingcorpusid":142032544,"citedcorpusid":150998297,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Pour Aitken (1993), le portfolio peut faciliter la pratique réflexive de l’étudiant car il favorise l’autoévaluation qui conduit à une meilleure connaissance de soi, il améliore également les compétences d’un étudiant car il l’aide à identifier celles qui doivent encore être développées."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1651769803,"citingcorpusid":151707215,"citedcorpusid":205049746,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This implies that materialism, though being a dominant ideology in the developed world, has consequences that work against sustainability (Kilbourne & Pickett, 2008; Rockstrom et al., 2009; Vergragt et al., 2014).","This cycle of increasing production and consumption in industrialised consumerist societies results in an economic system that is acknowledged to be unsustainable (Rockstrom et al., 2009; Vergragt et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3309494149,"citingcorpusid":233279585,"citedcorpusid":145629413,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["How educators think (Thornton & Underwood, 2013) and talk (Mercer, 2010) about children reflects their underlying pedagogical stances, and with guidance from teacher educators, preser-vice early educators can shape their pedagogical approach to embody who they want to be as an educator (Annamma &…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":580486126,"citingcorpusid":55498133,"citedcorpusid":84486417,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Tagging studies document some migration between the two areas (Hurst et al. 1999), and at best weak evidence for genetic differentiation (FST = 0.0014 for allozymes and 0.0016 for mtDNA; both P > 0.05) has been found between school sharks in Australia and New Zealand (Ward and Gardner 1997; R.D.…"],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":1134233486,"citingcorpusid":151707215,"citedcorpusid":7621309,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Dobscha (1998) talks about such individuals as the ones who disagree with the dominant opinion that consumption signifies national success (Borgmann, 2000), thus opposing capitalism along with the global philosophy of","Dobscha (1998) talks about such individuals as the ones who disagree with the dominant opinion that consumption signifies national success (Borgmann, 2000), thus opposing capitalism along with the global philosophy of consumerism."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1698083226,"citingcorpusid":206756008,"citedcorpusid":204985089,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Our constructions for regular overapproximations for context-free languages are inspired by language-theoretic constructions for the downward closure of context-free languages [28], together with approximation techniques originating in speech processing [7, 21].","To find a regular overapproximation to a context-free language, we adapt the construction of a downward closure of a CFL [28] and combine it with a graph-theoretic heuristic from [7].","It is known that L↓ is effectively regular for a CFL L [28], and clearly L ⊆ L↓."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1884830598,"citingcorpusid":90223240,"citedcorpusid":84553824,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["and high diversity is often a long-term process that can take decades (Fagan et al., 2008).","Spontaneous development of characteristic community composition and high diversity is often a long-term process that can take decades (Fagan et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2180436565,"citingcorpusid":151636560,"citedcorpusid":14182351,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Although Eby et al.’s (2013) meta-analysis\ninvestigated potential antecedents of mentoring relationships, a more recent study by Mitchell, Eby, and Ragins (2015) builds specifically on the meta-analysis’s findings that deep-level similarity increased protégés’ perceptions of support.","Likewise, these researchers found that mentees’ perceptions of similarity to their mentors was what “ultimately influence[d] their commitment to their organizations and their professions” (Mitchell et al., 2015, p. 8).","One of the studies most relevant findings is that “actual similarity may or may not predict perceptions of similarity” (Mitchell et al., 2015, p. 7).","…followed a curvilinear association whereby “protégé perceptions of similarity are highest when mentors and protégés are similarly higher or similarly lower in attachment security, and lowest when mentors and protégés are similarly average in attachment security” (Mitchell et al., 2015, p. 6).","Likewise, participant antecedents such as perceptions of similarity (Mitchell et al., 2015), personality (Wanberg et al.","Likewise, participant antecedents such as perceptions of similarity (Mitchell et al., 2015), personality (Wanberg et al., 2006), and behaviors such as attitude (Lee & Jeong, 2013) also affect mentoring outcomes.","As they explained, “the securely attached mentor is likely to engage in appropriate caregiving toward his or her protégé, and the securely attached protégé is likely to expect and accept the support provided” (Mitchell et al., 2015, p. 3)."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3878786177,"citingcorpusid":18261257,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In a way fortunate for the subsequent quick development of the subject [20], the reality of spectra in many PT −symmetric models has been fairly soon proved in an entirely rigorous manner [21].","In parallel, virtually the same branch points in wave functions resurfaced during the proofs of the reality of the energies [21], during the studies of the quasi-exact solvability of certain PT −symmetric models [22] and after a supersymmetrization of certain PT −symmetric Hamiltonians [23]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":792803213,"citingcorpusid":801806,"citedcorpusid":142126264,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although uncertainty has been linked to an enhanced perception of threat (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984; Milburn & Watman, 1981), there are times when ambiguity may be advantageous, such that it permits the maintenance of hope, inspires optimism, or prevents premature closure."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3878786174,"citingcorpusid":18261257,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", the textbooks [18] or the Buslaev’s and Grecchi’s paper [14]) into a much more ambitious physical project."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":495230747,"citingcorpusid":53370107,"citedcorpusid":2222083,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Though this may seem modest, this is a similarly sized effect as that of moving from an average teacher to one at the 80th percentile of quality, or reducing class size by 15 percent (Jackson et al., 2014).","However, little is known about how to effectively improve teacher effectiveness (Jackson et al., 2014).","…students’ test scores (at the teacher level) as an overall quality measure.26 As a start, we use the teacher value-added model as presented in Jackson et al. (2014).27 We show that marginal effects in this standard value-added model, when aggregated up to the teacher level, yield a very…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1085743887,"citingcorpusid":132649215,"citedcorpusid":38507308,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although plasticity in these traits has been demonstrated in other species in their native ranges (Smith and Carter\n6\n1988, Witkowski and Lamont 1991, Boyce 1993, Poulos and Berlyn 2007), it has not yet been investigated in Fraser firs."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1085742521,"citingcorpusid":132649215,"citedcorpusid":95984994,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["season and lower temperatures, and also because ambient N deposition rates tend to increase with elevation (Nodvin et al. 1995).","As a corollary, I also predicted that trees at higher elevations have higher nutrient contents (specifically N) due to less growth dilution because of a shorter growing season and lower temperatures, and also because ambient N deposition rates tend to increase with elevation (Nodvin et al. 1995)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1085743377,"citingcorpusid":132649215,"citedcorpusid":88136288,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…as shearing techniques, fertilization regimes, and spacing (Hinesley and Wright 1989; Hinesely and Snelling 1997; Hinesley and Derby 2004), as well as on genetic characteristics (Arnold et al. 1994; Emerson et al. 2006, 2008), and pest management (Liesch and Williamson 2010, Richter et al. 2011).","1994, Emerson et al. 2006, 2008), but they require both weeding to eliminate competition from other vegetation and a variety of fungicides and pesticides to reduce fungal pathogens and pests that they are exposed to at these lower elevations which they do not encounter in their natural ranges."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3164009856,"citingcorpusid":214749869,"citedcorpusid":72117503,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similar to this study, researchers of a broad investigation defined the concept of care quality from the nurses’ viewpoint as providing the patients with safe services in accordance with the nursing standards to raise their satisfaction.(31) Researchers indicated that the health-care organizations focused on the CRM system to improve the quality of health care."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":2059763231,"citingcorpusid":214749869,"citedcorpusid":78956544,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Another study reported that medical errors exceeded auto accidents, strokes, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, and so on, besides cancer and heart diseases.(4) Although deficits in health-care systems affect patients directly, health-care providers and patients’ families also pay a high price in the economic, moral, and ethical areas for problems in the realm of PS."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":950000414,"citingcorpusid":5328206,"citedcorpusid":24641568,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Finally, many studies indicate that patient-provider interaction is a potent factor in health outcomes [38,39,41].","Chronic conditions with fluctuating courses, such as chronic neck pain, are usually more placebo-prone [39,41]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1538109883,"citingcorpusid":91532,"citedcorpusid":45873618,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["allows for the elimination of certain variables already mentioned, and for an inexpensive, fast study [2,3,6,14,17,18,20,22,29]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":888491727,"citingcorpusid":17725805,"citedcorpusid":4573131,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The choice of 4-PBA concentration was based on previous observations obtained by other groups who used the concentrations between 5 and 10 mM 4-PBA in CF lung cells for 12 to 48 h (Andersson and Roomans, 2000; McGrath-Morrow and Stahl, 2000; Wright et al., 2004; Singh et al., 2006).","IB3-1 and CFBE41o- were then grown for 24 h in the presence of either 6, 8, or 10 mM 4-PBA as demonstrated in previous studies (Andersson and Roomans, 2000; McGrath-Morrow and Stahl, 2000; Wright et al., 2004; Singh et al., 2006).","In general, HDACi have been noted for their ability to induce cell cycle arrest by inducing p21CIP/WAF, a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor, and occurring at the G1 phase in 4-PBA-treated IB3-1 cells (McGrath-Morrow and Stahl, 2000)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1964824269,"citingcorpusid":134702737,"citedcorpusid":83816468,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In winter, sage-grouse sometimes migrate farther than is necessary to reach habitats that would be suitable, possibly demonstrating that the drive towards site fidelity is greater than meeting nutrition requirements (Connelly et al. 1988, Jensen 2006).","However, increases in technology over the past 30 years have revealed that sage-grouse have better annual survival, lower winter mortality than other grouse species, and some populations demonstrate migratory processes (Connelly et al. 1988, Schroeder et al. 1999, Connelly et al. 2000).","Previous research has suggested that seasonal movements can be highly variable\nwithin the same population (Connelly et al. 1988)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1964824602,"citingcorpusid":134702737,"citedcorpusid":54538168,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Using the model that Stevens et al. 2012 developed, 28% of\nthe lands within five kilometers of the leks in the Hamlin Valley study site have terrain associated with a moderate to high risk of collision."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":351567550,"citingcorpusid":4668545,"citedcorpusid":23208172,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, some bacteria have been shown to release amyloid into the extracellular room [40] [41] [47] [48].","108 neurodegeneration [40] [41] [42] [43]."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":815945328,"citingcorpusid":31168928,"citedcorpusid":15286634,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex, that have been previously discovered in large-scale experiments [8,10].","Large-scale proteomics discovery experiments by our laboratory [8] and others [9,10] have unveiled a complex network of","[10] Hornbeck PV, Kornhauser JM, Tkachev S, Zhang B, Skrzypek E, Murray B, et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1790735149,"citingcorpusid":211001088,"citedcorpusid":67757831,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["4For the e¤ects of unilateral actions in a public goods framework see Hoel (1991), Buchholz and Konrad\n(1994, 1995), Buchholz et al. (2005), and Beccherle and Tirole (2011).\nent projections of the impact of CO2 concentrations on temperatures.5 Consequently, such strong uncertainties should push…","Proposition 3 Suppose that ct ( ) =ct+1 ( ) is strictly decreasing in and (12) holds such that, without investments in technology, equilibrium contributions in period t are zero.","…in a context of private contributions to a public good.13\nFocusing on the interaction between technology and contributions to climate protection, Buchholz and Konrad (1994, 1995) and Buchholz et al. (2005) show that the public good nature of environmental protection might induce countries to…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3131113139,"citingcorpusid":221497989,"citedcorpusid":36942202,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The literature has also shown than increases in PA levels can reduce depressive symptoms in childhood (Fibbins et al., 2018; Zahl et al., 2017), which is accompanied by changes in self-esteem (Shriver et al., 2013).","The literature has also shown than increases in PA levels can reduce depressive symptoms in childhood (Fibbins et al., 2018; Zahl et al., 2017), which is accompanied by changes in self-esteem (Shriver et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2975981083,"citingcorpusid":222174289,"citedcorpusid":19772930,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Increased time-release (>10 days) García-Fernández 2013 [145]","Surprisingly, the drug release rate was similar to that of unmodified lenses, so this increase in time appears to be due to the improvement in drug loading of imprinted CL [145]."],"intents":[null,["result"]]}
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{"citationid":1666745950,"citingcorpusid":97124108,"citedcorpusid":134163365,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Among the different causes that lie behind the trombogenic characteristics of polymer surfaces, several activation factors and cofactors can be mentioned and in particular the action of many metal ions, such as calcium, zinc, and iron play a fundamental role in blood clotting [27, 28]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":238604461,"citingcorpusid":31282683,"citedcorpusid":13479603,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The problem of designing the compensation filters can be formulated as a SOCP problem and can be solved optimally [13].","UNIFORM CONCENTRIC SPHERICAL ARRAY (UCSA) WITH FREQUENCY INVARIANT CHARACTERISTICS The structure and design of the frequency invariant uniform concentric spherical array (FI-UCSA) [13] is briefly reviewed in this section.","Simulation results also show that the proposed FI-UCSAs have uniform resolutions around both the elevation and azimuth angles, which makes it more suitable than FI uniform concentric circular array (UCCA) in 2-","To overcome these disadvantages, the uniform concentric spherical array (UCSA) with FI characteristics was proposed in [13].","Simulation results show that the proposed FI-UCSA beamformer requires much fewer variable taps than the conventional UCSA for the same steady-state performance, while offering much faster convergence speed.","The structure and design of the frequency invariant uniform concentric spherical array (FI-UCSA) [13] is briefly reviewed in this section.","Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive FI-UCSA beamformer requires much fewer variable taps than the conventional UCSA for the same steady-state performance, while offering much faster convergence speed."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],null,["background"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1124323137,"citingcorpusid":146573817,"citedcorpusid":15470492,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Organizational Use of IS 2 9 1994-1999: (Jarvenpaa & Leidner, 1998; Palvia, 1997) 2000-2005: (Akgun et al."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2479214422,"citingcorpusid":22832854,"citedcorpusid":42074599,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["5 was associated with a 15– 27% increase in lung cancer risk among never-smokers.(27) Conversely, a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study found no association between increasing levels of PM less than 10 (PM10) and lung cancer risk in never-smokers and ex-smokers, though high levels of NO2 were significantly associated with higher."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4088383971,"citingcorpusid":233806438,"citedcorpusid":210188073,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["After Mao died, Deng Xiaoping continued to expand gender equality laws in China and signed onto international covenants espousing similar goals (Attané, 2012).","After Mao died, Deng Xiaoping continued to expand gender equality laws in China and signed onto international covenants espousing similar goals (Attané, 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2837902415,"citingcorpusid":21258220,"citedcorpusid":1695878,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These observations have been supported in studies in which ACE inhibitors have decreased the production of PAI-1 in the presence of angiotensin II [ 14 ]."],"intents":[["result"]]}
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{"citationid":3294949031,"citingcorpusid":92997564,"citedcorpusid":89417432,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Bais R and Philcox M. Approved recommendation on IFCC methods for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes.","Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured by Bais and Philcox (35)."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":839115250,"citingcorpusid":6996502,"citedcorpusid":39961394,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recent work, for example, illustrates emerging research in pharmacogenetics exploring how genetic variation in drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug targets can influence responses to pharmacotherapies (24)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3734637607,"citingcorpusid":228921397,"citedcorpusid":62964966,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["0, 1½ n (4)\nLater this concept was further extended to the idea of Fuzzy Signatures and Fuzzy Signature Sets Vamos et al. (1999), Wong et al. (2003),\nA ¼ X, lAf g, lA : X !","Hierarchical Fuzzy Signatures are generalizations of the vector valued set concept introduced in (Koczy, 1980), cf. also (Mendis et al., 2006; Wong et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":823678268,"citingcorpusid":53378814,"citedcorpusid":106529000,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This kind of response could be seen in analogy with the findings of Vesić (1973), who investigated how the failure mechanism of shallow foundations under pure vertical loading changes as a function of Dr and d/D. MR was taken as the maximum moment reached during the test.","This kind of response could be seen in analogy with the findings of Vesić (1973), who investigated how the failure mechanism of shallow foundations under pure vertical loading changes as a function of Dr and d/D."],"intents":[["result"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":1213840540,"citingcorpusid":24511767,"citedcorpusid":110995301,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Figure  6 : Description of the four access mechanisms considered for the unslotted BMSN.","We see that the left side of the inequality (2) approaches 1 rapidly as M grows; the right side, however, approaches 1 - e-l m 0. 6 , as seen from the following derivation.","In Fig. 9 the solid curves show the throughput achieved when no traffic-limiting procedures are used, and the dashed curves show the upper bounds on throughput dictated by inequality ( 6 ) for different values of D, the enforced idle period.","Section 5 compares the slotted and unslotted networks with reference to their implementations in optical technology. Section  6  concludes the paper.","We consider here four different access mechanisms, which are described next with reference to Fig.  6 . The tryand-abort (TA) mechanism allows a user packet to be injected if there is a free output link.","Inequality ( 6 ), plotted with the curve S(p), such as those shown in Fig. 9, determines an upper bound on"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],null]}
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{"citationid":1219564732,"citingcorpusid":84263372,"citedcorpusid":37985280,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Inter-sexual mimicry of floral scents between syconia on male and female trees contributes to pollination by deceit in dioecious figs [5]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":399523277,"citingcorpusid":24128516,"citedcorpusid":34455983,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) has been found localized within the triple junctions of ice grains in Antarctic snow packs (Mulvaney et al., 1988; Barnes et al., 2003) and Greenland (Wolff & Mulvaney, 1990)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2151859236,"citingcorpusid":129587740,"citedcorpusid":34455983,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Such impurities have often been noted in white spots in ice specimens from Greenland and Antarctica (Cullen and Baker 2001; 2002b Baker and Cullen 2003a; Barnes et al. 2002a; 2002b; Obbard et al. 2003a; 2003b; Baker et al. 2006).","This is a technique that we have also used to examine snow (Iliescu and Baker 2002) and that Barnes and co-workers used to examine both ice cores and snow from Antarctica (Barnes et al. 2002a; 2002b; 2003).","We did not find any impurities segregated to the grain boundaries as has been found in ice from Antarctica and Greenland (Cullen and Baker 2000; 2001; 2002b; Cullen et al. 2002; Barnes et al. 2002a; 2002b; Baker et al. 2003; Baker and Cullen 2003a; 2003b; Obbard et al. 2003a; 2003b; Baker et al. 2006)."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":3866894843,"citingcorpusid":241729408,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…(Xie et al., 2015; Uppala et al., 2015; Guo et al.,105\n2018; Kumar et al., 2020) also indicated the potential of CP SAR data for106 rice mapping and monitoring.107 Recently, Yin et al. (2019) proposed a new parameter, αBCP , for improve-108 ment in the clustering results for land-cover features.","Several other studies (Xie et al., 2015; Uppala et al., 2015; Guo et al.,105\n2018; Kumar et al., 2020) also indicated the potential of CP SAR data for106 rice mapping and monitoring.107 Recently, Yin et al. (2019) proposed a new parameter, αBCP , for improve-108 ment in the clustering results for land-cover features."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1692289777,"citingcorpusid":208058095,"citedcorpusid":161109033,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The “varieties of capitalism” approach provides the rationale for both the positive and negative contributions of labor market institutions (Hall, 1998, 1999; Kitschelt, Lange, Marks, & Stephens, 1999; Soskice, 1990, 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1692289545,"citingcorpusid":208058095,"citedcorpusid":154832423,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The “varieties of capitalism” approach provides the rationale for both the positive and negative contributions of labor market institutions (Hall, 1998, 1999; Kitschelt, Lange, Marks, & Stephens, 1999; Soskice, 1990, 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1937327821,"citingcorpusid":208058095,"citedcorpusid":222449368,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["process of accumulating disadvantages of job loss is self-reinforcing, because according to DiPrete (2002), the seriousness of such scar effects is heavily influenced by how often such a trigger event takes place as well as the individual’s capacity for recovery. The institutional mobility regime of welfare state transfers can reduce such scar effects, not only through shortterm income compensation. More important, it also contributes to longterm unemployment recovery by serving as an incentive for private risk taking so that during unemployment spells, individuals are more likely to conduct adequate job searches and locate the jobs that match their skills. Through their first-order effect of income replacement and second-order effect of unemployment recovery, Gangl (2004) demonstrates a clearly positive effect of unemployment benefits, not only on the quality but also on the stability of future careers after employment interruption.","Institutionalist work in the comparative sociology of labor markets and mobility regimes (DiPrete, 2002; DiPrete & McManus, 2000; Gangl, 2004) on the “scar effects” of unemployment spells on individual life courses indicates that high replacement rates do not simply result in upskilling of workers but also in lower unemployment and higher employment in the long run.","process of accumulating disadvantages of job loss is self-reinforcing, because according to DiPrete (2002), the seriousness of such scar effects is heavily influenced by how often such a trigger event takes place as well as the individual’s capacity for recovery.","; eEbbinghaus & Visser, 2000 PLS PROVIDE IN REF.\nprocess of accumulating disadvantages of job loss is self-reinforcing, because according to DiPrete (2002), the seriousness of such scar effects is heavily influenced by how often such a trigger event takes place as well as the individual’s capacity…","Institutionalist work in the comparative sociology of labor markets and mobility regimes (DiPrete, 2002; DiPrete & McManus, 2000; Gangl, 2004) on the “scar effects” of unemployment spells on individual life courses indicates that high replacement rates do not simply result in upskilling of workers…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1937327759,"citingcorpusid":208058095,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The “varieties of capitalism” approach provides the rationale for both the positive and negative contributions of labor market institutions (Hall, 1998, 1999; Kitschelt, Lange, Marks, & Stephens, 1999; Soskice, 1990, 1999).","We confine our analysis to the period 1974 to 1999 for 17 advanced industrial democracies, because the neoliberal hypotheses focus on employment performance in this period and not in the Golden Age period when Europe generally outperformed the United States in growth and unemployment.6 Our main data sources are the OECD and the Huber, Ragin, Stephens, Brady, and Beckfield (2004) Comparative Welfare States Data Set, which in turn relies heavily on OECD data (see Table 1).7 The dependent variable in the analysis is total civilian employment as a percentage of the working age population (15 to 64 years of age).","Our main data sources are the OECD and the Huber, Ragin, Stephens, Brady, and Beckfield (2004) Comparative Welfare States Data Set, which in turn relies heavily on OECD data (see Table 1).","The Huber, Ragin, Stephens, Brady, and Beckfield (2004) data set can be downloaded at the Luxembourg Income Survey Web site at http://www.lisproject.org/publications/welfaredata/welfareaccess.htm.","This\n6 Comparative Political Studies\nBradley, Stephens / Employment Performance 7\nSource: Huber, Ragin, Stephens, Brady, & Beckfield; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, PLS PROVIDE THE YEAR; Scruggs, 2005 PLS PROVIDE IN REF, OR IS THE YEAR 2004?"],"intents":[["background"],null,["methodology"],null,null]}
{"citationid":802248796,"citingcorpusid":4049847,"citedcorpusid":452081,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Specifically, MacLean and Arnell [32] found the alpha band activity (10–12 Hz) prior to the onset of a dual-target RSVP stream was suppressed and this reduction was more pronounced in trials where T2 was missed as opposed to reported accurately [33]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":556468275,"citingcorpusid":54533393,"citedcorpusid":143747413,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…to be endemic across many cultures and pedagogies (Magnus, Polterovich, Danilov, & Satvvateev, 2002) with business students being credited as the most likely to engage in cheating behaviors (Chapman & Lupton, 2004; Karassavidou & Glaveli, 2006; McCabe & Trevino, 1995; Phillips & Horton, 2000)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":246528300,"citingcorpusid":16639070,"citedcorpusid":13599812,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Security and privacy in RFID tags aren't just technical issues; important policy questions arise as RFID tags join to create large sensor networks and bring us closer to ubiquitous computing [21]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2617742845,"citingcorpusid":54533393,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Academic choice combined with student choice of learning style may contribute to a far more positive learning experience and for a shared view of expectations of that experience (Nagy & McDonald, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":263443131,"citingcorpusid":7803836,"citedcorpusid":230889,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A separate question is whether the proportion of Norse ancestry was greater among male settlers of Iceland than among female settlers, as previous studies based on Y-chromosome and mtDNA haplotypes have suggested [10,11]."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":2088082480,"citingcorpusid":153996613,"citedcorpusid":362829,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1 Recovering the {an} factors given {bn, cn} When the series of shocks has been independently identified (as is the case with the narrative approach), we now show that estimating the coeffi cients {an} in (6), a non-linear problem, can be recast into a linear problem that can estimated by OLS.","…estimation: (i) both the shocks and the impulse response functions are simultaneously recovered using a short-run identifying restriction (as in\n5For instance, Auerbach and Gorodnichenko (2013) use local projection to estimate the extent of state dependence in the effect of monetary policy.","…spending shocks: (i) the Blanchard-Perotti (2002) recursive identification scheme augmented with expected changes in government spending as in Auerbach and Gorodnichenko (2012, 2013), and (ii) the Ramey narrative approach based on news sources to identify unanticipated changes in future…"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":596522654,"citingcorpusid":55369208,"citedcorpusid":55240010,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Ito (1986: 8)\n(1) CODA CONDITION: *C]σ “Consonant at the end of the syllable is not permitted”\nConsonants which are not permitted are consonants that have place of articulation [+voiced, sonorant] (Ito & Mester 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":596522709,"citingcorpusid":55369208,"citedcorpusid":15431934,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This coda condition has also developed where the coda position is described in more detail in Ito and Mester (1993).","Some of the studies on JL phonology have also contributed to the development of phonological world like the ones done by Ito (1990) as well as Ito and Mester (1993) in expanding studies on coda conditions."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2523173633,"citingcorpusid":40938087,"citedcorpusid":13599812,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The EPC consists of a header with structure information, a manager number for identifying the company the number is assigned to, an object class identifying the object and finally a serial number to identify the instance of the object [14].","This electronic file is created by the shipper and sent to the receiver [14].","RFID devices that operate on unlicensed frequencies in the US may operate on licensed cellular frequencies used in Europe and Asia [14].","Once an EPC is obtained from a tag that code is sent to the ONS which points the user to the supplier’s database [14].","“As the RFID market expands, we’ll see the continued proliferation of RFID tags built for highly specialized vertical markets, which means greater variety and the consequent need to ensure interoperability” [14].","Companies must effectively balance security and protection over cost savings and efficiency [14].","ASN can be viewed as an electronic shipping slip that identifies a package’s information including its contents and where it came from [14].","The problem becomes more serious given that many manufactures order large numbers of tags all with the same kill command password [14]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2088082472,"citingcorpusid":153996613,"citedcorpusid":152539323,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…accommodate nonlinearities in the response function.5 However, local projection does not impose any underlying dynamic system and while this model-free approach is attractive, this can come at an effi ciency cost (Ramey, 2012), which can make inferences on a rich set of non-linearities diffi cult."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":426627330,"citingcorpusid":39131258,"citedcorpusid":25290719,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["showing affinity with the same receptor VDR but at a lower extent than tacalcitol, and is therefore less effective in reducing keratinocytes proliferation and differentiation (4, 12, 15).","There are many reports in the literature (12, 13) proving the clinical efficacy and the safety profile of tacalcitol.","phosphorus and calcium levels in plasma (12)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":1907106224,"citingcorpusid":216119273,"citedcorpusid":86676419,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Pancreaticobiliary complications of PAD center around the obstructive capabilities of the diverticulum, and can manifest as obstructive jaundice, cholangitis, or pancreatitis [1,3].","Non-pancreaticobiliary complications include hemorrhage, fistula formation, perforation, or enterolith formation, which occur secondary to inflammation [3].","They usually result in malfunctioning of the sphincter of Oddi, or mechanically obstruct outflow through the common bile duct [3]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":783326793,"citingcorpusid":6222281,"citedcorpusid":44575756,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["One of the important features of many engineering and biological networks is robustness against component failure [13,14].","Techniques from complex networks have been widely applied to many biological systems (e.g. see reviews [6,13,37]).","It has been shown that many biological networks exhibit high degrees of robustness against random errors that might happen in their structure [13,14,15,17,18]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":205388342,"citingcorpusid":2111147,"citedcorpusid":44575756,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[16] Alon U (2003) Biological Networks: The tinkerer as an engineer.","Similar with the development of the field of electronics, where complex equipment is built on interconnected simple devices, the field of synthetic biology aims to build simple molecular devices for later use in more complex molecular machines [16, 17]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":536751673,"citingcorpusid":86792,"citedcorpusid":2568735,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Target-based approaches are still heavily prominent and extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry [20], with successes including the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib (Gleevec) and gefitinib (Iressa) [21]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":855465047,"citingcorpusid":10962737,"citedcorpusid":26585744,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Because hydrophobic interactions are central to Ca(2) /CaM target recognition (Yamniuk and Vogel, 2004), we believe it is unlikely that the polybasic domain of KRas and Rap1a acts as a Ca(2) /CaMbinding motif on its own."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1130828530,"citingcorpusid":149448071,"citedcorpusid":22637067,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of opinion has been shown repeatedly to support both academic attainment and general reasoning (e.g., Anderson, Howe, Soden, Halliday, & Low, 2001; Fung & Howe, 2014; Howe et al., 2007; Jurkowski & Hänze, 2015; Mercer, Dawes, Wegerif, & Sams, 2004; Mercer & Sams, 2006; Reznitskaya et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1653180633,"citingcorpusid":38826814,"citedcorpusid":206867662,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The logarithmic Bayes Factors log(BF) were calculated with the Savage-Dickey density ration [22]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3413173271,"citingcorpusid":237101533,"citedcorpusid":206867662,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Generally, the calculation of the marginal likelihoods becomes complex for non-trivial models [51, 59], and in high-dimensional settings often numerical techniques are preferred as a consequence [51, 52]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":840347038,"citingcorpusid":22582698,"citedcorpusid":38444369,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, another study found that ADIPOQ expression in epicardial adipose tissue was increased in patients with coronary artery disease compared to those without, and this expression increased with the number of injured arteries (38)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":553037046,"citingcorpusid":55139683,"citedcorpusid":120736347,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As it follows e.g. from Spencer et al. (1997) and Wang and Meng (2005), an application of dampers with the magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) enables effective suppression of vibrations in several mechanical systems."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2775190050,"citingcorpusid":85926963,"citedcorpusid":13009458,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Vits et al. (1994) detected large deletion of 2 kb. Small base pair deletions like 31 bp, 15 bp, 14 bp, 5 bp, 4 bp, 3 bp, 2 bp and 1 bp (Fransen et al. 1997; Farlane et al. 1997; Finckh et al. 2000) missense mutations (Graf et al. 2000) and nonsense mutations (Gu et al. 1996) were also reported."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2545095056,"citingcorpusid":98226650,"citedcorpusid":131150449,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Por lo tanto, este índice aporta información sobre la disminución en el número de especies, su frecuencia y cobertura en la comunidad liquénica en estudio ante la presencia de ciertos contaminantes gaseosos, como SO2 o NOx (Asta et al. 2002, Loppi et al. 2002a)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1075986108,"citingcorpusid":127559352,"citedcorpusid":131150449,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["From the mid-1900s to date, many different approaches using lichens as biomonitors of environmental stress have been proposed (Conti & Cecchetti 2001; Asta et al. 2002; Asta et al. 2002; Jeran et al. 2002; Castello & Skert 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":375793204,"citingcorpusid":35437426,"citedcorpusid":26096617,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["BCG vaccination usually lowers the risk of developing melanoma.(24) Several reasons explain the poor prognosis associated with mucosal melanoma: (1) the nonspecific nature of its symptoms leads to delays in diagnosis, (2) the tumor affects many older people whose immune function is inefficient, (3) the rich vascular and lymphatic efferents of the mucosa favor early metastasis, and (4) mucosal melanoma is histologically aggressive."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4008336735,"citingcorpusid":254680597,"citedcorpusid":36428270,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In fact, in science education research, augmented reality is effectively used to enhance learning in laboratory environments [81,82].","What physics topics were covered through earlier AR physics education articles? In general, the effectiveness of visualizations depends on the extent to which they are tailored to reflect the most important aspects of the target concepts [81].","For example, there are not many studies on electromagnetic waves and wave optics, although these topics are very demanding when it comes to reasoning about spatial and temporal variables, and relating abstract mechanisms to macroscopic phenomena [81]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1542796084,"citingcorpusid":153415215,"citedcorpusid":120952984,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The performance of the model were evaluated through working out of some statistical parameters, namely, Coefficient of determination (R(2)), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Standard Error (SE) and others (Fox 1981).","2.4 Validation of the model\nThe performance of the model were evaluated through working out of some statistical parameters, namely, Coefficient of determination (R2), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Standard Error (SE) and others (Fox 1981)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2950218728,"citingcorpusid":24961788,"citedcorpusid":82709655,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["More importantly, adult flies also ingest bacteria-rich substrates, especially those in liquid form, and move freely from these septic substrates to domestic locations, transmitting microbes in excreta droplets (West, 1951)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1140865331,"citingcorpusid":154137270,"citedcorpusid":55368625,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Producer prices are included in the specifications with value added and with gross production per sector, following the model of Head and Mayer (2000). The income and size variables have the expected positive sign and are statistically significant. The “EU membership” dummy is also positive and significant. According to the estimations, members of the EU trade 16-17% more with each other than it would be the case if one, or both, trade partners were not members. All coefficients of the pooled regression have the expected sign and are roughly of the right magnitude. Producer prices are included in the specifications with value added and with gross production per sector, following the model of Head and Mayer (2000). The income and size variables have the expected positive sign and are statistically significant.","Producer prices are included in the specifications with value added and with gross production per sector, following the model of Head and Mayer (2000). The income and size variables have the expected positive sign and are statistically significant."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3336144235,"citingcorpusid":234220058,"citedcorpusid":171607226,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Além disso, ressalta-se a qualificação da terapêutica oferecida, tendo em vista a ampliação de atividades e a qualificação profissional que presta esse tipo de serviço (ALMEIDA et al., 2018).","Nessa perspectiva, o desejo pelo tratamento, força de vontade, projeto de vida, qualificação de um projeto terapêutico, inserção no mercado de trabalho e a espiritualidade tornam-se essenciais para uma efetiva recuperação (ALMEIDA et al., 2018)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3615077425,"citingcorpusid":239110834,"citedcorpusid":111055796,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Usually this is achieved with data association techniques and Kalman filters to combine noisy observations with dynamics model of the target.(5) The range of a target is evaluated using kinematics data of the aircraft and the level of IR signal coming from the target, without the need to emit any radiation.","These data feeds a tracking block, where the associations between detections and potential tracks are calculated.(5) The range estimation block receives the tracks and estimate (without any direct measure, with angle-only information being the IRST a passive system) the distance between sensor and target."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1073742795,"citingcorpusid":127864976,"citedcorpusid":131727727,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Duchesne River Formation The Oligocene Duchesne River Formation was deposited in the Uinta basin by small, rapidly aggrading streams during uplift of the Uinta Mountains in the latter stages of the Laramide Orogeny (Andersen and Picard, 1974). The sediment was derived almost exclusively from sedimentary and meta-sedimentary rocks of the Uinta Mountains (Andersen and Picard, 1974). According to Andersen and Picard (1974), the Duchesne River Formation provides an excellent example of a rock composed of recycled sediment.","The Oligocene Duchesne River Formation was deposited in the Uinta basin by\nsmall, rapidly aggrading streams during uplift of the Uinta Mountains in the latter stages of the Laramide Orogeny (Andersen and Picard, 1974).","The sediment was derived almost exclusively from sedimentary and meta-sedimentary rocks of the Uinta Mountains (Andersen and Picard, 1974).","According to Andersen and Picard (1974), the Duchesne River Formation provides an excellent example of a rock composed of recycled sediment.","Duchesne River Formation The Oligocene Duchesne River Formation was deposited in the Uinta basin by small, rapidly aggrading streams during uplift of the Uinta Mountains in the latter stages of the Laramide Orogeny (Andersen and Picard, 1974).","Andersen and Picard (1974) concluded that the Duchesne River Formation was an excellent example of a Recycled Orogen provenance."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":218787131,"citingcorpusid":19296696,"citedcorpusid":31279453,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["%) at long-term follow-up (20–32 years), and Edgar and Mehta [2] later confirmed an increased incidence of cervicodorsal pain in fused patients, compared to unfused ones (17.6 vs. 7.8 %).","Whereas the unfused spine distal to scoliosis instrumentation has been widely studied, few reports have evaluated postoperative changes in cervical sagittal alignment (CSA) [2, 4, 8], which could be clinically relevant since the incidence of cervical complaints is high, ranging from 17 to 57 %, which have been reported after scoliosis fusion [8, 9].","[9] pointed out the high incidence of cervical complaints (57 %) at long-term follow-up (20–32 years), and Edgar and Mehta [2] later confirmed an increased incidence of cervicodorsal pain in fused patients, compared to unfused ones (17."],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1526029637,"citingcorpusid":96158001,"citedcorpusid":95996166,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The surplus intensity between 6 and 8 eV as well as the increased shoulder below 5 eV in MIES are most probably due to the Ag AN feature, a convolution of the Ag 4d and Ag 5s orbitals (Stracke et al. 2001; Heinz and Morgner 1997)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1795707448,"citingcorpusid":211144503,"citedcorpusid":9688078,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Rubenstein et al [4] provided an incidence rate of 1.7 falls per person, per year, for nursing facilities compared to an incidence rate of 0.65 falls per person, per year, for older people living in the community."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1795707500,"citingcorpusid":211144503,"citedcorpusid":7316410,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To assure data quality and homogeneity among the study population, only participants aged 65 and above where analyzed, as this is seen as a relevant cut-off age for a higher occurrence of falls [18]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1588476084,"citingcorpusid":202248239,"citedcorpusid":2701349,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["episodic job crafting and meaning (Petrou et al., 2017; Tims et al., 2016).","…& Dutton, 2001). van Wingerden, Bakker, and Derks (2017) stated that “employees who proactively craft their job give direction and meaning to their work life” (p. 109) and studies have found a positive relation between episodic job crafting and meaning (Petrou et al., 2017; Tims et al., 2016)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3123339857,"citingcorpusid":221674120,"citedcorpusid":207369139,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Decreased sensitivity of peripheral tissue to insulin reduces its effect on the body, compared with the effect produced by normal physiological levels (2), and in turn reduces the body’s glucose use."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4083015489,"citingcorpusid":257631882,"citedcorpusid":16622672,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(2010), Ardestani-Jaafari and Delage (2016), and Poursoltani and Delage (2021) establish conditions under which this approach is exact.","Furthermore, Bertsimas et al. (2010), Ardestani-Jaafari and Delage (2016), and Poursoltani and Delage (2021) establish conditions under which this approach is exact."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1526029629,"citingcorpusid":96158001,"citedcorpusid":95962616,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These silver nanoparticles are known e.g. to enhance the efficiency of organic light emitting devices (Yang et al. 2009) or possess outstanding antibacterial properties (Lok et al. 2006; Ilic et al. 2010; El-Shishtawy et al. 2011; Xue et al. 2012)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3270212127,"citingcorpusid":53519997,"citedcorpusid":82484910,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…between suitable habitat areas in the face of fragmentation may be required for conserving connectivity, gene flow, and diversity within populations and preventing the genetic and demographic stochastic processes that lead to loss of diversity and local population extinction (Thomas & Hanski 1997)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1601914130,"citingcorpusid":24443914,"citedcorpusid":82484910,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many metapopulations may exist in landscapes where habitat change makes a contribution to population turnover (Thomas & Hanski 1997; Briers & Warren 2000)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2713258700,"citingcorpusid":6333017,"citedcorpusid":82484910,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Another explanation follows the metapopulation theory: parasites infesting different host individuals are analogous to free-living organisms inhabiting discrete patches, and the percentage of occupation of the latter increases with the decrease of patch isolation (Thomas & Hanski 1997)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1600463197,"citingcorpusid":85222880,"citedcorpusid":82484910,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Jump probabilities have been modelled previously (Neubert, Kot & Lewis 1995; Hill, Thomas & Lewis 1996; Thomas & Hanski 1997) as monotonically decreasing functions of distance, such as:\neqn 3\nWe set k = 1 and c = 2."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2755195988,"citingcorpusid":85132111,"citedcorpusid":82484910,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…species (for other insect examples, see Simcox & Thomas, 1979; den Boer, 1981; Warren, 1991; C. D. Thomas, 1994; Stelter et al., 1997; C. D. Thomas & Hanski, 1997; León-Cortés, Lennon & Thomas 2003), the persistence of B. brevicornis seems assured only if ‘traditional’ land practices…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2576068471,"citingcorpusid":219489197,"citedcorpusid":156258752,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Social media helped to build a sense of community and minimize this feeling of isolation” (Zhuo et al., 2011).","Lynch (2011) and Zhuo et al. (2011) also believe that social, economic, and political factors were the main drivers of the Arab spring, although both papers point out that Facebook and Twitter contributed to protest sentiments in the long term."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1565274667,"citingcorpusid":199668699,"citedcorpusid":16622672,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Data-driven methods to construct the ambiguity set PDY is proposed in Delage and Ye [82].","(Delage and Ye [82, Corollary 4]) Suppose that the random vector ξ̃ is supported on a bounded space Ω.","(Delage and Ye [82, Lemma 1]) For a fixed x ∈ X , suppose that Slater’s constraint qualification conditions are satisfied, i.e., there exists a strictly feasible P to PDY , and h(x, ξ̃) is P -integrable for all P ∈ PDY .","Another study of multistage linear optimization can also be found in Bazier-Mattea and Delage [17].","Delage and Ye [82] propose data-driven methods to form confidence regions for the mean and the covariance matrix of the random vector ξ̃ using the concentration inequalities of McDiarmid [201], and provide probabilistic guarantees that the solution found using the resulting DRO model yields an upper bound on the out-of-sample performance with respect to the true distribution of the random vector.","Delage and Ye [82] refer to this approach as distributionally robust optimization, in short DRO, and since then, this terminology has become widely dominant in the research community.","Delage and Saif [81] study the value of using a randomized policy, as compared to a deterministic policy, for mixed-integer DRO problems.","Most of the existing papers in the DRO literature are focused on the dual method, see, e.g., Delage and Ye [82], Bertsimas et al. [39], Wiesemann et al. [317], Ben-Tal et al. [28].","For the case that the weights and random parameters are\nindependent, and the ambiguity in the probability distribution of weights is modeled via (5.22), they obtain a reformulation of the problem using the result in Delage and Ye [82].","Ardestani-Jaafari and Delage [4] study distributionally robust multi-item newsvendor problem, where the ambiguity set of distribution contains all distributions with a known budgeted support, mean, and partial first order moments.","This is different from Delage and Ye [82] which shows that a DRO problem formed via a fixed mean and an upper bound on covariance is reformulated as a SDP.\nPostek et al. [241] derive exact reformulation of the worst-case expected constraints when function g(x, ·) is convex in ξ̃, and the ambiguity set of distributions consists of all distributions of componentwise independent ξ̃ with known support, mean, and mean-asboulute deviation information.","Delage and Ye.","Delage and Ye [82] propose to estimate µ0 and Σ0 by their empirical estimates (see Section 6.2 for more details on how this choice of nominal parameters, in conjuction with other assumptions, ensure that the constructed ambiguity set PDY contains the true unknown probability distribution with a high probability).","A conic generalization of the ambiguity set PDY, beyond the first and second moment information is also studied in Delage [80].","Below, we present a duality result for sup P∈PDY EP [ h(x, ξ̃) ] given a fixed x ∈ X , due to Delage and Ye [82].","Unlike the ambiguity sets studied in Scarf [271] and Gallego and Moon [109], Delage and Ye [82] allow the mean and covariance matrix to be unknown themselves.","A similar idea is used in moment-based ambiguity sets, see, e.g., Goldfarb and Iyengar [122] and Delage and Ye [82]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":4042327150,"citingcorpusid":256038642,"citedcorpusid":55978646,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["J H E P 0 5 ( 2 0 1 7 ) 1 2 4 integration at strong coupling [5] and provokes the clustering of the two excitations [79].","The hexagon approach allows us to interpolate between these two semiclassical results, which come, in both cases, entirely from the asymptotic structure constant [22, 79].","Before closing this section, let us comment on the term I(1,1,1), which is not captured by our analysis or the one in [79].",") A systematic analysis of this contribution was carried out recently [79], showing that it is completely captured by the hexagon series."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3218794184,"citingcorpusid":225240468,"citedcorpusid":154020012,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["By 2003, 6 years before the CA were implemented, some parts of the Amazon were already certified as FMD-free, opening up the potential for slaughterhouses in these regions to export (Figure 3; Walker et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2761300654,"citingcorpusid":24895228,"citedcorpusid":36565707,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This can be thought of as analogous to shape processing by the visual system, where a primary feature is orientation selectivity (Hubel and Wiesel, 1977)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2761300962,"citingcorpusid":24895228,"citedcorpusid":22984374,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[", Kanwisher et al., 1999). We first chose ROIs in the functional images corresponding to the modules in the model. Accordingly, the ROI for Ai was located (as defined by the Talairach and Tournoux (1988) atlas) at Brodmann area (BA) 41 (corresponding to Heschl’s gyrus), Aii was located at BA 42/22; ST at BA 22; PFC at BA 44/45.","Ai represents the core/belt area in primates (Kaas et al., 1999; Rauschecker, 1998b), and is analogous to the V1/V2 regions in the visual model of Tagamets and Horwitz (1998).","In mammalian studies (monkey, ferret, cat), the neurons of this primary auditory area respond to (a) pure tones with a characteristic frequency (Kaas et al., 1999; Rauschecker et al., 1995), (b) the duration of the tones (He et al.","Ai represents the core/belt area in primates (Kaas et al., 1999; Rauschecker, 1998b), and is analogous to the V1/V2 regions in the visual model of Tagamets and Horwitz (1998). In humans, it would correspond to the primary auditory area in the transverse temporal","In primates, the primary auditory areas receive auditory input from, and are extensively connected with, the ventral aspect of the medial geniculate nucleus (Kaas et al., 1999; Rauschecker, 1998b)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2565625206,"citingcorpusid":130384644,"citedcorpusid":29392586,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…evaluada mediante regresión lineal de los valores de deformaciones parciales (matriz w) y las deformaciones relativas (RW, componentes principales) con respecto al tamaño del centroide logaritmizado (logTC; Monteiro, 1999; Zelditch et al., 2000, 2004), usando el programa tpsRegr 1.37 (Rohlf, 2009).","…(Bookstein, 1997), y la distribución de las configuraciones individuales en el espacio de la forma se investigó mediante Análisis de Deformaciones Relativas (Relative Warps Analysis, RWA; Monteiro y Dos Reis, 1999; Zelditch et al., 2004), utilizando el programa tpsRelW 1.46 (Rohlf, 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4006659656,"citingcorpusid":254605333,"citedcorpusid":154035631,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…proves more complex, since this requires constructing various comparable indicators based on the features of the repertoire, such as the number of concerts, composers whose music is performed, degree of innovativeness, and conventionality (O’Hagan and Neligan 2005; Neligan 2006; Bertaux et al.","The works of Neligan (2006) and O’Hagan\n215\n1 3\nJournal of Cultural Economics (2019) 43:211–245\nand Neligan (2005) address this same two-stage methodological perspective when studying German and British theatres, respectively, focusing particular attention on determining the importance of budget…","Secondly, the variable of human capital, which, in line with works such as those of DiMaggio and Stenberg (1985) and Neligan (2006), has a positive effect on repertoires that are contemporary and that involve greater risk.","Whilst measuring the former is relatively straightforward, gauging the quality of the musical programme proves more complex, since this requires constructing various comparable indicators based on the features of the repertoire, such as the number of concerts, composers whose music is performed, degree of innovativeness, and conventionality (O’Hagan and Neligan 2005; Neligan 2006; Bertaux et al. 2015)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2606690996,"citingcorpusid":108023479,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Therefore, although N=2 allows the parameters estimation, the corresponding variability determination requires N≥ 3 [1],[2],[14].","To represent the uncertainties of the measuring process an additive perturbation such as random gaussian white noise with a null mean and variance 2 σ , generated with a Monte Carlo method [13],[14],[16], was considered:","Method known as \"three points method\", [12], [13],[14] (TPM) derives directly from application of (31) to three equidistant data values (t1, 1 o ∆Θ ), (t2, 2 o ∆Θ ) and (t3, 3 o ∆Θ ) such that t3=t2+∆ t=t1+2∆ t."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3675658991,"citingcorpusid":137144003,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The Rayleigh-Ritz produces slightly higher deformations, since it used anti-plane core assumptions, whereas both Meyer-Piening [5] and finite element analysis used a full three dimensional model.","Meyer-Piening [4] developed a model to analyze bending of sandwich beams due to symmetrical loads with consideration of overhanging e ds (cantilever beams).","He developed further [5] to include sandwich plate’ s analysis regarding bending, instability and natural frequency.","Table 2 shows that a good agreement exists between Rayleigh-Ritz and finite element analysis and comparable with the results of [5].","The Rayleigh-Ritz produces slightly higher deformations, since it use d anti-plane core assumptions, whereas both Meyer-Piening [5] and fin ite element analysis used a full three dimensional model.","The material properties are t k n from [5].","Deformation (mm) Meyer-Piening [5] Present Results Rayleigh-Ritz Finite Element Analysis Upper face -3."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],["result"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1036511523,"citingcorpusid":99083580,"citedcorpusid":96003372,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[200–202] Modifications by plasma polymerization have shown reduced protein fouling and low organic fouling in wastewater applications.[180, 201, 203] Additional surface polymerization methods to reduce membrane fouling include redox-initiated and enzymatic grafting approaches among others.","[203] Hai-Yin Yu, Lan-Qin Liu, Zhao-Qi Tang, Meng-Gang Yan, Jia-Shan Gu, and XianWen Wei."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
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{"citationid":586738910,"citingcorpusid":55805851,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["25) = “Kallosphaeridium biornatum group” of Heilmann-Clausen and Costa\n1990 (pl. 19, figs.","(1989) (= “Kallosphaeridium biornatum” group of Heilmann-Clausen and Costa, 1990) (104-643A-24X-5 = 18 Ma) Lophocysta sulcolimbata (104-643A-11H-5 = 12 Ma) 34X-5 315.69 Cordosphaeridium minimum = Dinocyst II, Manum (1976) and Manum et al. (1989) (104-643A-23X-5 = 18 Ma) 35X-1 319.39 Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura (Williams et al., in press: 19 Ma; 104-643A-37X-3 = 22.5 Ma) Hystrichokolpoma sp. 2 Manum et al. (1989) (Zevenboom, 1995: 17.3 Ma; 104-643A-28X-7 = 19 Ma), Evittosphaerula paratabulata (104-643A-27X-5 = 19 Ma 35X-2 320.89 Apteodinium australiense (Williams et al., in press: 12.25 Ma; 104-643A-19X-6 = 16 Ma) 35X-6 326.89 Leptodinium sp. III Manum (1976) and Manum et al.","(1989) (= “Kallosphaeridium biornatum” group of Heilmann-Clausen and Costa, 1990) (104-643A-24X-5 = 18 Ma) Lophocysta sulcolimbata (104-643A-11H-5 = 12 Ma) 34X-5 315.69 Cordosphaeridium minimum = Dinocyst II, Manum (1976) and Manum et al. (1989) (104-643A-23X-5 = 18 Ma) 35X-1 319.39 Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura (Williams et al., in press: 19 Ma; 104-643A-37X-3 = 22.5 Ma) Hystrichokolpoma sp. 2 Manum et al. (1989) (Zevenboom, 1995: 17.3 Ma; 104-643A-28X-7 = 19 Ma), Evittosphaerula paratabulata (104-643A-27X-5 = 19 Ma 35X-2 320.89 Apteodinium australiense (Williams et al., in press: 12.25 Ma; 104-643A-19X-6 = 16 Ma) 35X-6 326.89 Leptodinium sp. III Manum (1976) and Manum et al. (1989) (104-643A-31X-2 = 20 Ma 36X-2 330.","(1989) (= “Kallosphaeridium biornatum” group of Heilmann-Clausen and Costa, 1990) (104-643A-24X-5 = 18 Ma) Lophocysta sulcolimbata (104-643A-11H-5 = 12 Ma) 34X-5 315.69 Cordosphaeridium minimum = Dinocyst II, Manum (1976) and Manum et al. (1989) (104-643A-23X-5 = 18 Ma) 35X-1 319.39 Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura (Williams et al., in press: 19 Ma; 104-643A-37X-3 = 22.5 Ma) Hystrichokolpoma sp. 2 Manum et al. (1989) (Zevenboom, 1995: 17.","(1989) (= “Kallosphaeridium biornatum group” of Heilmann-Clausen and Costa, 1990) (104-643A-41X-1 = 24 Ma) 41X-6 384.09 Caligodinium amiculum (Williams et al., in press: 21.1 Ma; 104-643A-36X-5 = 22 Ma) 48X-3 447.49 Cordosphaeridium cantharellum (Williams et al., in press: 17.95 Ma; 104-643A-22X-5 = 18 Ma) 48X-4 448.99 Leptodinium III Manum (1976) and Manum et al.","(1989) (= “Kallosphaeridium biornatum” group of Heilmann-Clausen and Costa, 1990) (104-643A-24X-5 = 18 Ma) Lophocysta sulcolimbata (104-643A-11H-5 = 12 Ma) 34X-5 315.69 Cordosphaeridium minimum = Dinocyst II, Manum (1976) and Manum et al. (1989) (104-643A-23X-5 = 18 Ma) 35X-1 319.","(1989) (= “Kallosphaeridium biornatum” group of Heilmann-Clausen and Costa, 1990) (104-643A-24X-5 = 18 Ma) Lophocysta sulcolimbata (104-643A-11H-5 = 12 Ma) 34X-5 315.69 Cordosphaeridium minimum = Dinocyst II, Manum (1976) and Manum et al.","(1989) (= “Kallosphaeridium biornatum group” of Heilmann-Clausen and Costa, 1990) (104-643A-41X-1 = 24 Ma) 41X-6 384.09 Caligodinium amiculum (Williams et al., in press: 21.1 Ma; 104-643A-36X-5 = 22 Ma) 48X-3 447.49 Cordosphaeridium cantharellum (Williams et al., in press: 17.95 Ma; 104-643A-22X-5 = 18 Ma) 48X-4 448.99 Leptodinium III Manum (1976) and Manum et al. (1989) (104-643A-33X-1 = 21 Ma) 48X-6 451.","(1989) (= “Kallosphaeridium biornatum” group of Heilmann-Clausen and Costa, 1990) (104-643A-24X-5 = 18 Ma) Lophocysta sulcolimbata (104-643A-11H-5 = 12 Ma) 34X-5 315.69 Cordosphaeridium minimum = Dinocyst II, Manum (1976) and Manum et al. (1989) (104-643A-23X-5 = 18 Ma) 35X-1 319.39 Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura (Williams et al., in press: 19 Ma; 104-643A-37X-3 = 22.5 Ma) Hystrichokolpoma sp. 2 Manum et al. (1989) (Zevenboom, 1995: 17.3 Ma; 104-643A-28X-7 = 19 Ma), Evittosphaerula paratabulata (104-643A-27X-5 = 19 Ma 35X-2 320.89 Apteodinium australiense (Williams et al., in press: 12.25 Ma; 104-643A-19X-6 = 16 Ma) 35X-6 326.89 Leptodinium sp. III Manum (1976) and Manum et al. (1989) (104-643A-31X-2 = 20 Ma 36X-2 330.49 Nematosphaeropsis downiei (Powell, 1986a as Nematosphaeropsis ? sp. A: 23.8 Ma) Hystrichokolpoma sp. 2 Manum et al. (1989) (Zevenboom, 1995: 17."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":2858245458,"citingcorpusid":221494625,"citedcorpusid":13966509,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[19] Tanzania’s health communication research in the rural areas studied the influence of HIV care and examined the reaction of HIV prevention methods done in those areas.[20,21] Other studies focused on the risks associated with sexual relationship between homosexual men and its implications for HIV, the importance of parental communication in supporting HIV patients, and the significance of social networks in increasing the willingness for HIV self‐testing."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2664924561,"citingcorpusid":213692250,"citedcorpusid":12587202,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Indexing techniques [15], [16], [18], [19], [20] are also widely used on road networks.","Lee [20] used ROAD to index road networks in a hierarchical way, while it may not perform well if the objects are sparse and road networks are large."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2354216428,"citingcorpusid":59162064,"citedcorpusid":1313917,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…microorganisms, both involving in vitro 210 differential growth media and sensitive and specific PCR protocols based on the 211 detection of gene-encoding decarboxylases, have been shown by several authors (Coton 212 and Coton, 2005; de las Rivas et al., 2006; Landete et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":987876539,"citingcorpusid":73308745,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…re R v Jacobson and Levy 1931 AD 466 473; Durban City Council v SA Board Mill Ltd 1961 3 SA 397 (A) 404-405; Marine and Trade Ins Co Ltd v Van der Schyff 1972 1 SA 26 (A) 37-38; Gericke v Sack 1978 1 SA 821 (A) 827; Macu v Du Toit 1983 4 SA 629 649-650; Monteoli v Woolworths (Pty) (Ltd) supra 742."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":912835843,"citingcorpusid":59332717,"citedcorpusid":10978309,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Reports on increasing resistance to existing drugs in the clinical isolates of the Candida and toxicity of the existing drugs have justified the need of a natural product with antifungal properties[9]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":106101701,"citingcorpusid":24042505,"citedcorpusid":85048441,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In such an environment, anuran female choice is usually less clear than in the classic choice experiment where two loudspeakers alternately sound mating calls from opposite ends of a soundproof room (Gerhardt 1982; Schwartz 1987; Fritsch et al. 1988; Telford et al. 1989)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1822808073,"citingcorpusid":212557900,"citedcorpusid":11776729,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, another study by Chang et al showed that age is not a significant prognostic factor.((68)) Studies reported that a low CSF glucose and a high CSF protein levels may also be a significant prognostic factor."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1774364553,"citingcorpusid":210171779,"citedcorpusid":59291906,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["With the large resource pool on public cloud platforms, independent jobs can be executed simultaneously and finish much faster (Monajemi et al., 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1774365159,"citingcorpusid":210171779,"citedcorpusid":146363117,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The “cloud-native” deployment is more costefficient, but requires the data to be stored in a cloud-friendly format like Zarr (Signell, 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2478814574,"citingcorpusid":51844485,"citedcorpusid":145652425,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…diachronically of a phonemic oral-nasal vowel contrast in French from a sequence of an oral vowel and following nasal consonant in Latin (Hajek 1993), the origin of various kinds of vowel harmony (Beddor et al. 2002), and the development of a tonal contrast from intrinsic pitch e%ects…","!e development diachronically of a phonemic oral-nasal vowel contrast in French from a sequence of an oral vowel and following nasal consonant in Latin (Hajek 1993), the origin of various kinds of vowel harmony (Beddor et al. 2002), and the development of a tonal contrast from intrinsic pitch e%ects (Hombert et al. 1979) may come about if listeners do not attribute enough of the coarticulatory e%ect to the source that gives rise to it (see e.g. Fowler & Brown 2000, and Beddor this volume for further evidence that listeners do not compensate su'ciently for coarticulation)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1822807566,"citingcorpusid":212557900,"citedcorpusid":75843971,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Studies report that sensitivity of Ziehl Neelson staining is increased when CSF leucocytes are pre-treated with triton.((28)) In HIV coinfected TBM cases, atypical CSF findings like normal cell counts with polymorphonuclear cell predominance and normal glucose levels may be present."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":962471704,"citingcorpusid":72389396,"citedcorpusid":45578597,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["El diagnóstico bioquímico de la EA es fundamental previo al inicio del tratamiento de reemplazo, sin él podemos estar realizando un uso inapropiado de corticoides durante largo tiempo, por lo que el diagnóstico de la EA ante la presencia de un síndrome de fatiga crónica debe considerarse pero su diagnóstico debe realizarse de manera precisa (11)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1724854817,"citingcorpusid":209382122,"citedcorpusid":53477482,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…the blade area is investigated by using DES with a multi-phase flow model, which is an up-todate method for cavitation simulation and has been validated against cavitation tunnel test results for different types of propeller cavitation (Shin et al 2015, Shin & Andersen 2015, Shin & Andersen 2018a)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":833229249,"citingcorpusid":59441338,"citedcorpusid":137988806,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2) LSD technique The principle of the LSD technique relies on the assumption that the fluorescence intensity emitted by the fluorescent dye is proportional to the volume (d(3)) of the droplet and that the scattered light intensity is proportional to its surface area (d(2)) [7]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":4116908532,"citingcorpusid":258904836,"citedcorpusid":237871423,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[". on Spanish university teachers who supervised Final"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1700888004,"citingcorpusid":205789381,"citedcorpusid":42891276,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["even those variables may be mediated by attention (Kinsbourne, 1980).","The principal alternative to the structural model is an attentional model proposed by Kinsbourne (1970, 1973, 1975, 1980) in which asymmetrical perception is attributed to a dynamic imbalance in the activation of the cerebral hemispheres.","Subjects who listen initially to the right ear show a large REA for digit strings, whereas subjects who listen first to the left ear show a significantly smaller REA (Hiscock & Kinsbourne, 1980; Hiscock & Stewart, 1984)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2957280741,"citingcorpusid":221965230,"citedcorpusid":5052443,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Protein 101 complexes were then affinity purified using GFP-specific nanobodies (22).","The dimerized GFP nanobody construct 293 LaG-16–G4S–LaG-2 (green lobster) was a gift from Michael Rout, and was prepared as 294 previously described (22)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1189336221,"citingcorpusid":101027104,"citedcorpusid":103339404,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Almost simultaneously, the apparition of better and more sophisticated exchange-correlation functionals, such as local, gradientcorrected, or the highly successful hybrids, changed the map of methodologies in terms of computational calculations [21–23]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2957280521,"citingcorpusid":221965230,"citedcorpusid":4401737,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Much of the recent focus in dengue research has 235 utilized high-throughput genetic screens employing approaches such as RNAi and 236 CRISPR (38-40).","Genetic 741 dissection of Flaviviridae host factors through genome-scale CRISPR screens.","Marceau, C. D., Puschnik, A. S., Majzoub, K., Ooi, Y. S., Brewer, S. M., Fuchs, 533 G., Swaminathan, K., Mata, M. A., Elias, J. E., Sarnow, P., and Carette, J. E. 534 (2016) Genetic dissection of Flaviviridae host factors through genome-scale 535 CRISPR screens."],"intents":[["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":2343829353,"citingcorpusid":143833531,"citedcorpusid":30642133,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However, the National Competency-Based Catalogue of Learning Objectives in Medicine (NKLM) is in development and will explicitly address the incorporation of intercultural competencies in the medical curriculum in Germany (Grützmann et al., 2012).","Countries such as Australia, the United States, and Canada, which have traditionally received significant numbers of migrants, have increasingly incorporated cultural competency in medical education since the 1960s and 1970s (Grützmann et al., 2012).","Courses serve either as preparation for study abroad purposes, or as an orientation and integration module for international students, or as preparation for intercultural encounters in medical practice (Grützmann et al., 2012).","This might contribute to the fact that the inclusion of cultural competence in German medical schools is still sparse (Grützmann et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3562125136,"citingcorpusid":239671138,"citedcorpusid":41565587,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The advantage of this method is that migration in each of the two dimensions can be brought about with solvents of very different polarities.([27]) A variation of DB created by Tyih ak et al.","The instant bioluminescence of the bioautogram is captured and processed with the BioLuminizerTM system (commercialized by CAMAG, Muttenz, Switzerland).([27]) Besides, recent use([55]) of genetically modified luminescent bacterial cells for different in vitro and in vivo biotests provides simple control, emit light continuously, dependent only on metabolic activity, reflecting cellular energy status more directly than that of naturally luminescent bacteria."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2729685240,"citingcorpusid":154516942,"citedcorpusid":36120313,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["What might have been conceived previously as ‘settled norms’ during the era of ‘embedded liberalism’ (Ruggie, 1982) is now given new meaning."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2352914436,"citingcorpusid":154731047,"citedcorpusid":36120313,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and its citizens exchanging social investments and safety nets for the increased vulnerability of citizens caused by exposure to global competition, and all the while pushing international liberalization. for the original statement of how this bargain was reached in Western europe, see ruggie 1982.","10 ruggie 1982; ruggie 1994; ruggie 2002."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1026621666,"citingcorpusid":89888602,"citedcorpusid":33977658,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Similar upregulation of the UPR elements are also observed in humans – for example various ER stress markers including ATF6, PERK and XBP1 are activated in adipocytes of obese patients whereas weight loss is shown to be negatively correlated with ER stress and insulin resistance in obese patients after bariatric surgery (38, 39).","Endoribonuclease activity of IRE1 is activated by this phosphorylation, leading to XBP1 mRNA splicing.","For example, miR-346 is regulated by XBP1.","The freed N-terminal cytosolic domain of ATF6 moves to the nucleous to function as transcriptional factor that regulate UPR related genes, such as chaperones, ERAD components and XBP1 (7, 8).","PERK is implied in the upregulation of miR-30c-2-3p, which in turn down-regulates XBP1, demonstrating a possible link between PERK and IRE arms of the UPR via a microRNA bridge (33).","In mutant mice bearing a non-phosphorylatable mutant of eIF2, or\nlacking a copy of XBP1 (in the XBP1-deficient heterozygous mice) leads to increased susceptibility to insulin resistance after high fat diet.","ER‐associated degradation (ERAD), protein folding and transfer (8).","As an adaptive response, the transcription factor XBP1 translocates into the nucleus and upregulates the proteins involved in in\nER‑associated degradation (ERAD), protein folding and transfer (8).","As an efficient promoter of survival, upregulated XBP1 is implied to contribute to cancer development (32). miR-30c-2-3p is another example of microRNAs targeting XBP1.","XBP1 and eIF2 also enhance survival of cancer cells via decreasing the\nprotein load and restoring ER function (35).","Decreased expression of ATF4 or XBP1 diminishes this UPR-dependent inflammation, which shows the atherogenesis promoting effect of ER stress in endothelial cells.","Primer Name Sequence\nm_u/spc_XBP1_forw TGAGAACCAGGAGTTAAGAACACGC m_u/spc_XBP1_rev CCTGCACCTGCTGCGGAC m_spc_XBP1_qPCR_forw TGAGAACCAGGAGTTAAGAACACGC m_spc_XBP1_qPCR_rev CCTGCACCTGCTGCGGAC m_Lkb1_forw CACACTTTACAACATCACCA m_Lkb1_rev CTCATACTCCAACATCCCTC m_NOXA_forw CCACCTGAGTTCGCAGCTCAA m_NOXA_rev GTTGAGCACACTCGTCCTTCAA m_Inppl1_forw ACTCTGCGTCCTGTATCAAAAG\n25\nm_Inppl1_rev CAGGGCACAAACAAGACCC m_Rgp1_forw ACTGTCACTAATCCCCTTCCC m_Rgp1_rev GGCAGTGCTACTCGACTCTC m_Fastk_forw GGGGAGTCATGGTCTCCAC m_Fastk_rev GACTTGCTGGGTCCCAAACAA m_Zfp185_forw GAGGATCATACCATAGAGCCACT m_Zfp185_rev GACCTGGCATTTGATTCGTCT m_Psd_forw GGGCAGTGGCAACGAAGAT m_Psd_rev AGCCCAGAGTGAGGCATGT","Nevertheless, restoration function is abandoned in prolonged ER stress and instead programmed cell death is mediated by the UPR arms (8).","Eventually caspase cleavage is triggered via BCL2associated X protein (BAX)/ BCL2-antagonist/killer 1 (BAK) dependent apoptosis (8).","pathway, in which certain ER-located proteins are degraded to decrease unfolded protein accumulation in ER (8).","Through ATF4, PERK promotes the survival of cells by regulating certain pathways such as autophagy, amino acid metabolism and protein folding (8).","For example, miR-199a2/214 cluster, whose expression is down-regulated in many hepatocellular carcinoma samples, targets\n14\nXBP1."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1567687546,"citingcorpusid":157681777,"citedcorpusid":36120313,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Embedded liberalism involved a compromise between the goals of free trade and the domestic control of social and economic development by democratic states (Ruggie 1982).","Baptized by John Ruggie as ‘embedded liberalism’, the latter has combined freer (but emphatically not free) trade with domestic control of social and economic development by democratic states (Ruggie 1982)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1860091455,"citingcorpusid":9264819,"citedcorpusid":145203943,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Lottery purchasing tends to be higher among individuals in lower income households, although it is unclear if or how advertising impacts this trend (Borg and Stranahan 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":90651111,"citingcorpusid":9600712,"citedcorpusid":24444632,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This receptor may have a major impact on tumour cell characteristics because of its broad ligand spectrum (FGFs 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 18) compared with FGFR3-IIIb (FGFs 1 and 9 exclusively) (Kanai et al, 1997a).","In healthy epithelium, FGFR3 expression is regulated by FGF7 and transforming growth factor b, which are mediators of mucosal healing (Kanai et al, 1997a, b)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3741307299,"citingcorpusid":246633609,"citedcorpusid":44430064,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["PCDAI¼ Pediatric Crohn Disease Activity Index; PUCAI ¼ Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index; UC ¼ ulcerative colitis.","Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis activity was assessed by the following scores, respectively the Pediatric Crohn Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) (21) and the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) (22).","600\nCopyright © ESPGHAN and NA\nIn the patients with CD, stratified with the PCDAI there was not a statistically significant difference between patients with mild and moderate/severe disease in serum levels of: protein S [89 (110– 76)% vs 73 (95–61.8)%, P¼ 0.14]; protein C [97 (110–83)% vs 105.5 (115–96.5)%, P¼ 0.25]; fibrinogen [3.5 (4.6–2.9) g/L vs 4.2 (5.1–3.5) g/L, P¼ 0.13]; and homocysteine [7 (13.5–5.7) mmol/L vs 12.8 (13.7–6.2) mmol/L, P¼ 0.26]."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":3741307384,"citingcorpusid":246633609,"citedcorpusid":204704507,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Also, the literature describes thromboembolic events in pediatric patients with UC and pancolitis, and CD with colonic involvement, in the active phases of the disease (15,16,23)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":871726203,"citingcorpusid":6073861,"citedcorpusid":24582890,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The myelin sheath surrounding axons is birefringent de Campos Vidal et al., 1980), and results in a transmitted light intensity that depends on the angle between the myelin sheath and a polarizing filter on the microscope."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1853420595,"citingcorpusid":214665998,"citedcorpusid":218771249,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The status dynamic approach is a way of describing why and what people do, via a systematic understanding of the logical relationships between the concepts of person, behavior, and reality (Ossorio, 1982).",", a self-concept such that a loss of status is unthinkable), there is no logical reason for them to have acquired that characteristic in the same ways (Ossorio, 1982)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":23934670,"citingcorpusid":49481950,"citedcorpusid":135509753,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[13] also used desirability function analysis for optimizing multiple performance characteristics namely surface roughness and power consumption in turning Al-15%SiCp metal matrix composites."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1602714269,"citingcorpusid":125722264,"citedcorpusid":116910666,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Research conducted on the heuristics has generally offered certain generic means and methods (usually shaped around Polya’s problem solving steps) that can be used to tackle (especially nonroutine) problems (see, for examples, Maccini & Hughes, 2000; Burton, 1984; Bransford & Stein, 1984).","…shaped around Polya’s problem solving steps) that can be used to tackle (especially nonroutine) problems (see, for examples, Maccini & Hughes, 2000; Burton, 1984; Bransford & Stein, 1984).\nwww.ijoses.com 122\nMathematical problem solving has gained an impact beyond research undertakings\nand led to…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2134847289,"citingcorpusid":187159785,"citedcorpusid":20197467,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1222316954,"citingcorpusid":122589455,"citedcorpusid":120675216,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…on the validity of assumptions very similar to those\n623Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society\nthat are required for a Monte Carlo test for significance, in which the observational data are repeatedly\nscrambled, or the selected years are repeatedly rede-\nfined (Livezey and Chen 1983).","623 Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society that are required for a Monte Carlo test for significance, in which the observational data are repeatedly scrambled, or the selected years are repeatedly redefined (Livezey and Chen 1983).","If the tests are not independent, because of spatial correlation for example, it would be necessary to resort to Monte Carlo methods to estimate field significance (Livezey and Chen 1983)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2818726334,"citingcorpusid":122589455,"citedcorpusid":140187859,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…have been associated with extremes in global precipitation eigenmodes (Lau and Sheu 1991), in regional precipitation (Shukla and Paolina 1983; Parthasarathy et al. 1988; Barnett et al. 1991; Lau and Sheu 1991; Hutchinson 1992; Webster et al. 1998), and in annual numbers of hurricane days in…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3321028750,"citingcorpusid":233559887,"citedcorpusid":104469428,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…et al.17\nNanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) 55.3 % Muntoni et al.18 Lipid-Based Nanocarriers\nNanoemulsions water in oil in water (w/o/w)\n47.3 % Li et al.19\nLiposomes Biotin-modified\nliposomes (BLPs) 45 % Zhang et al.20\nNiosomes Span 60 niosomes 28.8 % Ning et al.21\nMicelles Zwitterionic…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1331942976,"citingcorpusid":91436845,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["com) to their use in food and art (Peterson, 1987; Parry, 2007), and this interest could be harnessed for research and mitigation, but work along this line has hardly started.","…an interest in road kills, from dolls inspired in them and sold by a London company named Road Kill Toys (roadkilltoys.com) to their use in food and art (Peterson, 1987; Parry, 2007), and this interest could be harnessed for research and mitigation, but work along this line has hardly started."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2034860070,"citingcorpusid":202858163,"citedcorpusid":11256523,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…mutations stemming from adaptation to various regions in Asia, Europe, and Africa (Gohary and Hopf 1988; Mekuria et al. 1999; Besnard et al. 2001; Contento et al. 2002; Baldoni et al. 2006), whereas jujube cultivars show relatively low genetic diversity because they originated from just a single…","It is also believed that comparative plant species in this paper may show various gene mutations stemming from adaptation to various regions in Asia, Europe, and Africa (Gohary and Hopf 1988; Mekuria et al. 1999; Besnard et al. 2001; Contento et al. 2002; Baldoni et al. 2006), whereas jujube cultivars show relatively low genetic diversity because they originated from just a single area near the Yellow River in China (Vavilov 1951; Meyer et al. 2012).","It is also believed that comparative plant species in this paper may show various gene mutations stemming from adaptation to various regions in Asia, Europe, and Africa (Gohary and Hopf 1988; Mekuria et al. 1999; Besnard et al. 2001; Contento et al. 2002; Baldoni et al. 2006), whereas jujube cultivars show relatively low genetic diversity because they originated from just a single area near the Yellow River in China (Vavilov 1951; Meyer et al."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2034859687,"citingcorpusid":202858163,"citedcorpusid":39800408,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…and pistachio tree (Ne: 1.48, He: 0.25), while it was similar to that of pecan tree (Ne: 1.31, He: 0.153), which has a short cultivation history (Rüter et al. 1999; Ciprian et al. 2002; Martins-Lopes et al. 2007; Pazouki et al. 2010; Ganopoulos et al. 2011; Qing et al. 2011; Cornille et al. 2012).","153), which has a short cultivation history (Rüter et al. 1999; Ciprian et al. 2002; Martins-Lopes et al. 2007; Pazouki et al. 2010; Ganopoulos et al. 2011; Qing et al. 2011; Cornille et al. 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1867353536,"citingcorpusid":214762067,"citedcorpusid":114907714,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The main actions to be performed, as reported in [10], include, but are not limited to:"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3265518521,"citingcorpusid":88017943,"citedcorpusid":4430366,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Therefore, the regulation of molecular clocks within the fetus rely mainly on melatonin, which is produced by the maternal pineal gland and is able to pass the placenta (Reppert and Weaver 2002 )."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2373615349,"citingcorpusid":23403063,"citedcorpusid":8153493,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1514615339,"citingcorpusid":132583098,"citedcorpusid":106529000,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The depth factor dc was taken as 1 by both Vesic (1973) and Hansen (1970), as seen in Table 1.","…Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, University of Biskra, BP 145, 07000 Biskra, Algeria e-mail: hadjer_yahia@yahoo.fr\noccur as a result of sliding on a rupture surface and the failure criterion is assumed to be satisfied within the soil mass (Terzaghi 1943; Meyerhof 1951; Vesic 1973; Kumbhojkar 1993).","occur as a result of sliding on a rupture surface and the failure criterion is assumed to be satisfied within the soil mass (Terzaghi 1943; Meyerhof 1951; Vesic 1973; Kumbhojkar 1993)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1532908885,"citingcorpusid":79806653,"citedcorpusid":9566933,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…yaptıkları çalışma sonucunda duygusal istismar ve ihmalin obsesif kompulsif belirtilerle ilişkili olduğunu aktarmışlar ve duygusal ihmal ve istismara maruz kalan kişilerin ilerleyen yaşamlarında OKB gelişimi açısından risk grubunda olabileceği yorumunda bulunmuşlardır (Mathews et al., 2008).","…ve arkadaşlarının bir çalışmasında tarvmatik yaşantıların kişilik özelliklerine etkisi araştırılmış, cinsel istismarla kişilik özelliklerinden sorumluluğun arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmış ve sorumluluğun obsesif kompulsif belirtilerle ilişkili olduğunu belirtilmiştir (Mathews et al., 2008).","Mathews ve arkadaşlarının yaptıkları çalışmada deneklerin %30’ unun bildirimi ile en yüksek puanı duygusal ihmal alırken çocukluk çağı travmatik yaşantılarının OKB gelişimi ile ilişkili olduğunu bildirmişlerdir (Mathews et al., 2008).","Mathews ve arkadaşlarının yaptıkları çalışmada da klinik olmayan örneklemde obsesif kompulsif belirtilerle çocukluk çağı travmaları arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir (Mathews et al., 2008)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3734403286,"citingcorpusid":248513651,"citedcorpusid":198190497,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…apicomplexans have evolved an intriguingly divergent machinery reliant on short and highly dynamic actin\nfilaments and unique class XIV myosins, which lack the extended cargo-binding tail domain (Herm-Götz et al, 2002; Bookwalter et al, 2017; Douglas et al, 2018; Robert-Paganin et al, 2019).","Image taken from Robert-Paganin et al (2019).","Mutations of these amino acids leading to the disruption of the respective interactions reduced the speed at which purified MyoA transports actin filaments in vitro but increased maximal force production (Robert-Paganin et al, 2019; Moussaoui et al, 2020).","…parasite motility, we focused on two amino acids, E6 and S19, which are thought\nto be especially important as they interact with switch I/II and the converter, respectively, and are required to transport actin filaments at maximum speed (Robert-Paganin et al, 2019; Moussaoui et al, 2020) (Fig 3A).","Previous data suggest that the S19A mutant would only have a minor impact on merozoites but affect the fast gliding stages (Robert-Paganin et al, 2019; Blake et al, 2020).","Red blood cells are invaded by otherwise largely non-migrating extracellular Plasmodium merozoites in an actin–myosin-dependent way (Mizuno et al, 2002; Das et al, 2017; Robert-Paganin et al, 2019; Blake et al, 2020).","Only the S19A mutant line, which cannot be phosphorylated at S19 and hence alters the kinetics of the MyoA power stroke (Robert-Paganin et al, 2019), showed a dramatic reduction in the ability to transmit from mosquito to mammal (Fig 7)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":589083519,"citingcorpusid":54609498,"citedcorpusid":129825224,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…between indigenous and migrant populations (Addison and Matisoo-Smith 2010), the origin of postulated phylogenetic units of culture and language (Burley et al. 2011), and the influence of demography on the successful human colonization of pristine and changing environments (Rieth et al. 2008).","2011), and the influence of demography on the successful human colonization of pristine and changing environments (Rieth et al. 2008).","Second, Rieth et al.‘s (2008) GIS-based predictive model of Tutuila‘s paleocoastline highlighted the larger Alao village coastal flat bordering Tula to the south as a probable early settlement location.","Rieth et al. (2008) developed a GIS and sea level model of the Tutuila shoreline that suggests many coastal flats did not form until 2500 BP or later (see also Addison and Asaua 2006, Dickinson and Green 1998, Green 2002, Morrison et al. 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1532909342,"citingcorpusid":79806653,"citedcorpusid":173688287,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…kirlilik, bulaşma ve kuşku obsesyonları ile temizlik ve kontrol kompulsiyonlarının en sık görülen obsesyon ve kompulsiyonlar olduğunu belirtmişlerdir (Demet et al., 2005)\nÇalışmamızda MOKSL ile hastalık şiddetini ölçmeyi hedeflemedik, obsesif kompülsif belirtilerin düzeyini ve türünü…"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3812372151,"citingcorpusid":250155329,"citedcorpusid":239035850,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Mar. Drugs 2022, 20, 424 13 of 25 Mar. Drugs 2022, 20, x FOR PEER REVIEW 13 of 25\n-30 -26 -22 -18 -14 -10 -6 -2 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30\nAPAF1 BAX\nBCL2A1 BIRC3 CASP2 CASP9\nGADD45A MCL1\nSPATA2 NOL3\nTNFRSF10A TNFRSF11B\nBECN1 ULK1\nAPP ATG12\nATG16L1 ATG3 ATG5 ATG7\nRPS6KB1 GAA\nCASP3 NFKB1\nAKT1 CYLD\nFold regulation\nApoptosis-related genesAutophagy-related genes Necrosis-related genes Multi-patways genes\n+11.37\n+9.2\n+7.96\n+18.59\n+3.21\n+9.7\n+5.99 +3.66\n+20.68\n+4.64\n+3.02\n+3.09 +2.69\n-21.16\n-9.55\n-13.27\n-3.66\n-8.23.","Ma, L.; Zhang, D.; Huang, Z.; Zheng, R.; Du, M.; Lv, Q.; Qin, C.; Chu, H.; Yuan, L.; Zhang, Z. Functional Variants of RPS6KB1 and PIK3R1 in the Autophagy Pathway Genes and Risk of Bladder Cancer.","GAA [48], ATG5, ATG16L1, ATG12 [49], RPS6KB1 [50], ULK1, and BECN1 [51] are involved in the activation of the autophagic process and in the formation of autophagosomes; these genes were found to be upregulated, except for RPS6KB1.","At the same time, five autophagy-related genes were down-regulated: RPS6KB1 (−9.6-fold change), CASP3 (−9.8-fold change), ATG7 (8.4-fold change), ATG3 (−14.5-fold change), and APP (−15.5-fold change)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":973342842,"citingcorpusid":71228880,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Globalement, ces études ont révélé une réduction de l’indice de plaque et du développement de Streptococcus mutans [7, 8, 10, 11]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2050752610,"citingcorpusid":73503430,"citedcorpusid":52285192,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["demonstrated a significantly better overall and recurrence‐free survival for colorectal PSM patients with a median PCI between 11 and 15.(24) The PRODIGE 7 trial has encountered a lot of criticism on its design and outcome."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2739137230,"citingcorpusid":15626453,"citedcorpusid":218465018,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3929360062,"citingcorpusid":26373205,"citedcorpusid":218465018,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["One could characterize the system with an effective density of higher magnitude, determined by the Barker-Henderson effective diameter of particles [14].","It is therefore customary to treat Ψs as a parameter chosen for the best fit to the data [14].","To obtain the electrostatic energy between the charged spheres, we model their interaction as that between two charged flat plates using the Debye-Hückel approximation [14] for a salt solution with counterions of charge Ze."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":74390703,"citingcorpusid":8602032,"citedcorpusid":176448217,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, the total tumour dose is applied in fractions, usually of 2 Gy per day, 5 days a week [20].","Since the radiation fractions are generally applied at intervals of 24 hours [20], it can be assumed that the lymphocytes in the circulating and extravascular pools will have reached equilibrium before the next fraction is applied [10]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1651955686,"citingcorpusid":51999285,"citedcorpusid":205898352,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Advanced health care directives, death with dignity and physician assisted suicide as choices were helpful for some (Black & Csikai, 2015)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1839292160,"citingcorpusid":53059800,"citedcorpusid":218465018,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For these applications, a great leap in sensitivity could be obtained by cooling the relevant molecules to low temperatures so that, for example, the experiment could be done in a trap or a fountain [10]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3386763902,"citingcorpusid":11530072,"citedcorpusid":218465018,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The veracity of this statement has been demonstrated with the case of the dicarbon reaction with ethylene, for which a molecular beam study combined with electronic structure calculations of the relevant potential energy surface has revealed that at least the formation of the n-C4H3 (and isomers) plus atomic hydrogen is an important reaction pathway [9,10].","At this collision energy, the beam contained both ground state and electronically excited dicarbon [9,10] The pulsed dicarbon beam crossed the acetylene beam (vp 1⁄4 900 5 ms (1); S 1⁄4 12:1 0:3) at 90 in the interaction region of the scattering chamber held at about 1 10 E 7 mbar during the experiment."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1665489067,"citingcorpusid":206178558,"citedcorpusid":15417936,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Experiences in other jurisdictions demonstrate that the mere existence of regulation is insufficient to protect consumers and that this has a measurable impact on the behavior of populations (Kent, 2015; Rollins, Bhandari, Hajeebhoy, et al., 2016; Zehner, 2016; Pries, Huffman, Mengkheang, et al., 2016; Piwoz & Huffman, 2015).","…demonstrate that the mere existence of regulation is insufficient to protect consumers and that this has a measurable impact on the behavior of populations (Kent, 2015; Rollins, Bhandari, Hajeebhoy, et al., 2016; Zehner, 2016; Pries, Huffman, Mengkheang, et al., 2016; Piwoz & Huffman, 2015)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1899573685,"citingcorpusid":122992700,"citedcorpusid":218465018,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This approach forms the basis for the rotationally adiabatic capture theory developed by Clary [29,51] and also the statistical adiabatic channel model of Troe and co-workers [52]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1718565259,"citingcorpusid":5942783,"citedcorpusid":218465018,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The corresponding ion current recordings remind somewhat the ion channel activity induced in electric fields by alamethicin peptides inserted into the membrane [32]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2269938087,"citingcorpusid":119093071,"citedcorpusid":58982102,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Smoother: Let us consider the Preconditioned Richardson’s method, (Wesseling 1982; Briggs et al. 2000; Trottenberg\net al. 2000):\nx (k+1) ` = x (k) ` + ωM`(b` −A`x (k) ` ), k = 0, 1, 2... (A4)\nc© 2016 RAS, MNRAS 000, 1–24\nwhere\nA` = U T ` U` + E (A5)\nThe M` matrix denotes the SFASI approximate…","The Multigrid method has used extensively in Computational Physics due to its near-optimal complexity and its convergence behavior, (Hackbusch 1980; Wesseling 1982; Hackbusch 1982; Briggs et al. 2000; Trottenberg et al. 2000; Broker et al. 2001; O’Shea et al. 2004; Hackbusch 2010).","…1  2h\nh\n2 4 24 8 4 2 4 2  2h\nh\n1 2 12 4 2 1 2 1  2h\nh\n(A2)\nand the Tri-linear interpolation used as Prolongation can be expressed in stencil notation, (Briggs et al. 2000; Trottenberg et al. 2000), by,\nP = 1\n16\n 1 2 12 4 2\n1 2 1\n h\n2h\n2 4 24 8 4 2 4 2  h\n2h\n1 2 12 4 2 1 2 1  h\n2h  (A3) A sparse…","Cycle Strategy: The cycle strategy as depicted in Figure A1, refers to the sequence in which the grids are visited and the respective corrections are obtained, (Wesseling 1982; Briggs et al. 2000; Trottenberg et al. 2000).","Transfer Operators: These are special operators that are used to transfer vectors from coarser (2h) to finer (h) grids (Prolongation) and finer (h) to coarser grids (2h) (Restriction); for a tutorial and introduction to the multigrid method see Briggs et al. (2000); Trottenberg et al. (2000)."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],null,["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3916723418,"citingcorpusid":12068387,"citedcorpusid":140282821,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A decision that is reached through group interaction performs better when compared to a decision reached by a group of people that does not interact at all [58]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4011071043,"citingcorpusid":254753458,"citedcorpusid":140282821,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Baer and Wolf [29] seem to be the first to use the term of behavioral trap in describing “how natural contingencies of reinforcement operate to promote and maintain generalized behavior changes” Plous [30] lists five behavioral\ntraps defined as more or less easy to fall into and more or less difficult to get out: investment, deterioration, ignorance, and collective traps.","This corresponds to the intuitive sense of variational traps in behavioral sciences given in [30].","Baer and Wolf [29] seem to be the first to use the term of behavioral trap in describing “how natural contingencies of reinforcement operate to promote and maintain generalized behavior changes” Plous [30] lists five behavioral"],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2210103781,"citingcorpusid":16000144,"citedcorpusid":140282821,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, it appears that systematically documenting judgments and providing feedback on judgment accuracy can provide valuable training and calibration for hygienists while helping identify specific ways to improve judgments (Plous, 1993; Gigerenzer et al., 1999; Connolly et al., 2000; Meyer and Booker, 2001; Hubbard, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3893009871,"citingcorpusid":3871458,"citedcorpusid":10106717,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It would be interesting \nto .nd an adequate partial order on multicuts at an earlier stage of our proof to shorten the argument \nand get more insight in the structure of multicuts."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":20150220,"citingcorpusid":14263887,"citedcorpusid":148742179,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Among the currently used implant materials, particularly for peripheral nerve repair applications, problems such as sagging, nerve pinching, and swelling of the implanted component itself have been reported [10],[11]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3408282818,"citingcorpusid":235565605,"citedcorpusid":140543207,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(4), where Qn is the sum of all the individual Qi values (Hope et al., 1997).","(4), where Q is the sum of all the individual Q values (Hope et al., 1997)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2593363323,"citingcorpusid":10195865,"citedcorpusid":5460017,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although HLA matching has been reported to be associated with skin cancer in an earlier study (Bouwes Bavinck et al, 1991), we were not able to confirm this association in this study.","J Invest Dermatol 128:1355-8 Bouwes Bavinck JN, Vermeer BJ, Van Der Woude FJ, Vandenbroucke JP, Schreuder GM, Thorogood J et al. (1991) Relation between skin cancer and HLA antigens in renal-transplant recipients.","Transplantation 61:715-21 Bouwes Bavinck JN, Plasmeijer EI, Feltkamp MC (2008) Beta-papillomavirus infection and skin cancer.","Non-melanocytic skin cancers (NMSCs), especially squamous-cell carcinomas (SCC), are the most common malignancies and can cause substantial morbidity and even mortality (Hartevelt et al, 1990; Bouwes Bavinck et al, 1996; Naldi et al, 2000; Jensen et al, 2000; Euvrard et al, 2003; Otley et al, 2005b; Moloney et al, 2006).","In Australia, the incidence is even higher (Hardie et al, 1980; Bouwes Bavinck et al, 1996; Ramsay et al, 2002).","Poor HLA matching has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of NMSC (Bouwes Bavinck et al, 1991).","Increasing age, male sex, and fair complexion are the most important host-related risk factors for skin cancer, and exposure to sunlight, smoking and infection with human papillomaviruses are the most important environmental risk factors (De Hertog et al, 2001; Kasiske et al, 2004; Bouwes Bavinck and Feltkamp, 2004; Bouwes Bavinck et al, 2008).","N Engl J Med 350:2639-42 Bouwes Bavinck JN, Hardie DR, Green A, Cutmore S, MacNaught A, O’Sullivan B et al. (1996) The risk of skin cancer in renal transplant recipients in Queensland, Australia.","Transplantation 77:574-9 Bouwes Bavinck JN, Euvrard S, Naldi L, Nindl I, Proby CM, Neale R et al. (2007) Keratotic Skin Lesions and Other Risk Factors Are Associated with Skin Cancer in Organ-Transplant Recipients: A Case-Control Study in The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Italy.","…the most important host-related risk factors for skin cancer, and exposure to sunlight, smoking and infection with human papillomaviruses are the most important environmental risk factors (De Hertog et al, 2001; Kasiske et al, 2004; Bouwes Bavinck and Feltkamp, 2004; Bouwes Bavinck et al, 2008).","J Invest Dermatol 127:1647-56 Bouwes Bavinck JN, Feltkamp MC (2004) Milk of human kindness?","Among organ-transplant recipients, immunosuppressive therapy forms an additional important risk factor (Hartevelt et al, 1990; Bouwes Bavinck et al, 2007)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":542032022,"citingcorpusid":54048466,"citedcorpusid":8542707,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It has also been used for other metal particles such as palladium [106]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2658341224,"citingcorpusid":21231416,"citedcorpusid":6932596,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Adductor muscle was selected from oysters because the hemocytes pooled in the adductor sinus have been previously sampled for diagnosis of P. marinus (Chu and LaPeyre 1993; Marsh, Gauthier, and Vasta 1995).","Molecular methods have become increasingly popular and have progressed beyond qualitative detection to semiquantitative and quantitative methods (Marsh et al. 1995; Penna, Khan, and French 2001; Robledo et al. 1998; Russell et al. 2004; Yarnall et al. 2000).","…0, Tm 5 69.3 1C, Sigma-Genosys, The Woodlands, TX) was designed with Primer Express 1.0 software (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) for QPCR with the PmF (50-CAC TTG TAT TGT GAA GCA CCC-3 0) and PmR (50-TTG GTG ACA TCT CCA AAT GAC-30) primers described by Marsh et al. (1995)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3861834948,"citingcorpusid":251285631,"citedcorpusid":18169322,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Computers & Electrical Engineering, 43: 278-291 (2015) [28] Sáez D, Cortés C E, Núñez A. Hybrid adaptive predictive control for the multi-vehicle dynamic pick-up and delivery problem based on genetic algorithms and fuzzy clustering[J].","vehicles; Boussaïd [25], Ka [26], Fong [27], Sáez [28] highlighted in their researches that fuzzy logic control is one of the main methodologies to reach artificial intelligent capabilities, and has the potential to accommodate the requirements for effectiveness in the unmanned vehicle’s path following control problem.","In the papers by Zhu [23] and Edison [24], metaheuristics (such as neural network or genetic algorithm) are adopted to collaborate with path following control process to account for the inherent and environmental disturbances on unmanned\nvehicles; Boussaïd [25], Ka [26], Fong [27], Sáez [28] highlighted in their researches that fuzzy logic control is one of the main methodologies to reach artificial intelligent capabilities, and has the potential to accommodate the requirements for effectiveness in the unmanned vehicle’s path following control problem."],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1075385903,"citingcorpusid":119130878,"citedcorpusid":9487143,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The n-ary algebras of associative type were studied by Lister, Loos, Myung and Carlsson (see [11], [12], [27], [28]).","The cohomology of totally associative n-ary algebras was studied by Carlsson through the embedding [12]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2379177227,"citingcorpusid":41385753,"citedcorpusid":21795964,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["growing malignancies, with some patients going for years without a clear diagnosis [1,8,9]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1705722037,"citingcorpusid":206742100,"citedcorpusid":15346751,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Early studies have demonstrated that the Fas death pathway is critical for cardiomyocyte death and myocardial infarction during myocardial I/R.37,38 Because Fas might be a target gene of miR-133b-5p, we speculate that the downregulation of miR-133b-5p leads to subsequent activation of the Fas death pathway, which may partly contribute to H/Rinduced cardiomyocyte injury and apoptosis.","Early studies have demonstrated that the Fas death pathway is critical for cardiomyocyte death and myocardial infarction during myocardial I/R.(37,38) Because Fas might be a target gene of miR-133b-5p, we speculate that the downregulation of miR-133b-5p leads to subsequent activation of the Fas death pathway, which may partly contribute to H/Rinduced cardiomyocyte injury and apoptosis."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":902102536,"citingcorpusid":13346566,"citedcorpusid":14856127,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["An increasing body of evidence suggests that COPD is not simply a disease of old age that is largely restricted to heavy smokers, but may be associated with insults to the developing lung during fetal life and the first few years of postnatal life, when lung growth and development are rapid [7] [8]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1900107306,"citingcorpusid":150677707,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…capitalism in which leisure markets are increasingly cultivated and deregulated due\nto their demand-side value to the global economy, it is within these arenas of commodified leisure that some of the most normalised harms are being played out (see Smith and Raymen, 2016; Hayward and Smith, 2017).","13 to their demand-side value to the global economy, it is within these arenas of commodified leisure that some of the most normalised harms are being played out (see Smith and Raymen, 2016; Hayward and Smith, 2017)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1946985681,"citingcorpusid":24462554,"citedcorpusid":157039267,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Finally, many articles have informally mentioned the IFD as an example of an ESS [22,31,36,37,39,40]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2430966041,"citingcorpusid":220658649,"citedcorpusid":7822860,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For this to make sense one has to enlarge the language to have (higher) angular components maps à la Denef-Pas, see [8] for more details.","In the series of papers [10] and [11] in collaboration with Raf Cluckers we have developed a general framework for motivic integration on definable sets in the Denef-Pas language.","In this setting, Pas proved a cell decomposition theorem which is uniform in p in [39].","For such functions one defines inductively the notion of being integrable and the value of the integral, using the cell decomposition theorem of Pas [39], and one proves an analogue of Theorem 2.4 in this context.","For such functions one defines inductively the notion of being integrable and the value of the integral, using the cell decomposition theorem of Pas [39], and one proves an analogue of Theorem 2.","We consider K as a structure for the Denef-Pas language.","The natural question of uniformity in p in Denef’s Theorem 2.3 has been addressed by Pas in [39] and by Macintyre in [37].","3 has been addressed by Pas in [39] and by Macintyre in [37].","In the paper [39] a three sorted language has been introduced, nowadays called the Denef-Pas language LDP."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null,["methodology"],null,null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1056765949,"citingcorpusid":12303857,"citedcorpusid":7822860,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(Pas [17]) Let K be a field satisfying the other conditions enumerated in 3."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":187653398,"citingcorpusid":15989599,"citedcorpusid":7822860,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2 ([35]) Let T be the theory of henselian valued fields of residue characteristic 0 with angular component modulo M, in the language Lk,Γ expanded by the angular component map.","The following theorem is due to Pas [35]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1064002230,"citingcorpusid":124769490,"citedcorpusid":1357497,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["9) in a recent review of histone modifications [16]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1158368071,"citingcorpusid":46869681,"citedcorpusid":23995822,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Participated in any clinical trial 706 (23) Publication count category None 428 (11) Low (1-24) 1288 (34) High (> 24) 414 (11) Missing 1653 (44) Betweenness centrality (median) (first, third q) 50 (6, 190)","Male 23,783 (84) Race White 23,781 (84) Black 3221 (11) Other 1173 (4) Urbanicity of assigned hospital"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2297168675,"citingcorpusid":23041515,"citedcorpusid":24697602,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Cultures grown in 3D also demonstrated that 3D cultures achieve a greater impact on the ECM with potential pharmacologic agents (28)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":260135645,"citingcorpusid":11883592,"citedcorpusid":121098665,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Simple and appropriate control algorithms emulate passive networks of masses, springs, and dampers or implement self-sustaining oscillators [15]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1057493913,"citingcorpusid":119255970,"citedcorpusid":120655173,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To date, research on optical vortices in different materials, including bulk media [7], discrete systems [8], atomic vapors [9, 10], dissipative optical systems [11], and Bose-Einstein condensates [12], has been reported."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1091787411,"citingcorpusid":119292829,"citedcorpusid":120655173,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Waveguide arrays and photonic lattices are an important field of study where many fundamental and applied problems can be investigated in a rather simple configuration [1,2].","When injecting light on a single lattice site, a well-known pattern is observed after evolution, the so-called discrete diffraction [1,2].","We describe the dynamics across the lattice using a set of coupled-mode equations [1,2,33],"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1987412296,"citingcorpusid":15386730,"citedcorpusid":4362882,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A different pattern of image motion is generated by animals like ground- nesting wasps pivoting around novel objects [19] or by a human observer fixating objects away from the direction of heading [11].","The resulting image stabilization is local, however, not global, because tracking eye movements create a pivoting parallax field, in which the foreground and the background move in opposite directions (for example, [11])."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":330611014,"citingcorpusid":21524113,"citedcorpusid":8281498,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…research, given most have used poor evaluation designs and data collection methods (Berkowitz 2001; Giesbrecht et al. 1993; Green and Marshall 2002; Merzel and D’Afflitti 2003), did not control adequately for potential confounding effects (e.g., Merzel and D’Afflitti 2003), comprised interventions…","The apparent lack of evidence for the effectiveness of whole-of-community approaches may be explained by the methodological weaknesses of the research, given most have used poor evaluation designs and data collection methods (Berkowitz 2001; Giesbrecht et al. 1993; Green and Marshall 2002; Merzel and D’Afflitti 2003), did not control adequately for potential confounding effects (e.","…Giesbrecht et al. 1993; Green and Marshall 2002; Merzel and D’Afflitti 2003), did not control adequately for potential confounding effects (e.g., Merzel and D’Afflitti 2003), comprised interventions lacking in evidence (e.g., Green and Marshall 2002; Merzel and D’Afflitti 2003) or performed…",", Green and Marshall 2002; Merzel and D’Afflitti 2003) or performed inappropriate statistical analyses leading to flawed interpretation of results (e.g., Giesbrecht et al. 1993; Merzel and D’Afflitti 2003).","…effects (e.g., Merzel and D’Afflitti 2003), comprised interventions lacking in evidence (e.g., Green and Marshall 2002; Merzel and D’Afflitti 2003) or performed inappropriate statistical analyses leading to flawed interpretation of results (e.g., Giesbrecht et al. 1993; Merzel and D’Afflitti 2003).","…for potential confounding effects (e.g., Merzel and D’Afflitti 2003), comprised interventions lacking in evidence (e.g., Green and Marshall 2002; Merzel and D’Afflitti 2003) or performed inappropriate statistical analyses leading to flawed interpretation of results (e.g., Giesbrecht et al.…",", Merzel and D’Afflitti 2003), comprised interventions lacking in evidence (e.g., Green and Marshall 2002; Merzel and D’Afflitti 2003) or performed inappropriate statistical analyses leading to flawed interpretation of results (e."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2850832362,"citingcorpusid":86132564,"citedcorpusid":84617991,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Many squilloids and lysiosquilloids have a certain amount of distal pigment in the eyes (Marshall et al., 1991b).","The external and internal eye morphology of stomatopods is subject to considerable variations throughout the group (Manning et al., 1984a; Marshall et al., 1991a, b; Marshall and Land, 1993a, b).","For example, in a shallow-water gonodactyloid such as Chorisquilla trigibbosa, there are two yellow filters in row two and a pink and a purple filter in row three\n(Marshall et al., 1991b).","classes of photostable carotenoid filters (Marshall et al., 1991b)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1192063814,"citingcorpusid":16973717,"citedcorpusid":190699621,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Specialized research over the years has been made on ethnobiological techniques, notably through field surveys and walks, and frame elicitation (Bernard 2006; Frake 1980), collection of economic data and statistics when possible, and botanical specimen collection.","Three periods of research lasted several months: six months in 1991 and again in 1996, and four months in 2001.3\nResearch has involved participant observation (see Bernard 2006) and detailed interviewing.","Selective cutting also leaves useful species like the chicle tree (Manilkara sapota; see Mathews 2009), valued for fruit as well as for chewing gum production (Redclift 2004)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4092980271,"citingcorpusid":258027618,"citedcorpusid":127197711,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["• All other palms (areca palm or Areca catechu L., palmyra palm or Borassus flabellifer L., etc.):\nY ¼ 4:5 þ 7:7H, where Y = biomass (kg) and H = stem height (m) (Brown 1997)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":395644151,"citingcorpusid":7914539,"citedcorpusid":15973199,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["But it has been shown that some classes of algorithms are prone to scheduling anomalies [14, 13]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1196280336,"citingcorpusid":7914539,"citedcorpusid":17979437,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["job rk dk [e − k , e + k ] job rk dk [e − k , e + k ] J1 0 10 [5, 5] J4 0 20 [10, 10] J2 0 10 [2, 6] J5 5 200 [100, 100] J3 4 15 [8, 8] J6 7 25 [2, 2] (a) Job parameters","In the case of uniprocessor scheduling, the schedulability tests have been studied in order to highlight which of them are sustainable [4, 6]."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":4002993904,"citingcorpusid":254501248,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Toleration in this sense is at minimum discursive openness” (Bohman 2003, 763). Scanlon (1996) sees that toleration commits us to the perhaps uncomfortable possibility of a changed social environment.","…home much the same point, showing how apparently benign norms of civility in discourse can in fact exclude particular gestures and speaking styles historically linked to oppressed and socioeconomically marginalized ethnic, racial, and cultural groups (e.g., Saunders 1997; Young 2001; Bohman 2003).","An important critical theme in the debates over deliberative democracy drives home much the same point, showing how apparently benign norms of civility in discourse can in fact exclude particular gestures and speaking styles historically linked to oppressed and socioeconomically marginalized ethnic, racial, and cultural groups (e.g., Saunders 1997; Young 2001; Bohman 2003).","They do so reflexively, in their communication with each other in public deliberation and in their attitudes towards others as participants in a public process … Toleration in this sense is at minimum discursive openness” (Bohman 2003, 763)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3742559080,"citingcorpusid":237535266,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…uncertainty types that contribute to the total uncertainty of a model output are extensively described by many authors (Ascough Ii, Maier, Ravalico, & Strudley, 2008; EPA, 2009; Petersen, Janssen, & Van der Sluijs, 2003; Refsgaard, van der\n757 0272-4332/22/0100-0757$22.00/1 © 2021 The Authors."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1574559597,"citingcorpusid":92104683,"citedcorpusid":166955159,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Increased expression of HSP70 mRNA upon exposure to heat stress has been reported in caprine PBMCs (Sharma and Kiran, 2013; Dangi et al., 2014) and bovine lymphocytes (Mishra, 2010; Patirand Upadhyay, 2010; Bharati et al.","Increased expression of HSP70 mRNA upon exposure to heat stress has been reported in caprine PBMCs (Sharma and Kiran, 2013; Dangi et al., 2014) and bovine lymphocytes (Mishra, 2010; Patirand Upadhyay, 2010; Bharati et al., 2017a)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1962224144,"citingcorpusid":14279047,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is considered unsupervised in the sense that you can provide any large corpus of your choice [2]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4116605424,"citingcorpusid":258891300,"citedcorpusid":53550796,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Colwill and Rescorla (1990) first provided evidence for hierarchical associations by training rats in a task in which two discrete stimuli (S) dictated that distinct action-outcome (A-O) associations would be in effect."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3505074777,"citingcorpusid":237926029,"citedcorpusid":215801497,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…& Gibson, 2020) cada vez más activos (Esser & Pfetsch, 2020) mediante el uso estratégico de la tecnología digital y el big data (Calvo et al., 2019; Roemmele & Gibson, 2020); la utilización de bots automatizados (Calvo et al., 2019) y la modulación de la opinión pública mediante algoritmos (Esser…","…de Internet en el espacio de debate público y su cada vez más profusa utilización partidista han conducido a la comunicación política a la cuarta fase de su desarrollo (Aagaard, 2016; Bennett & Pfetsch, 2018; Blumler, 2016; Esser & Pfetsch, 2020; Magin et al., 2017; Roemmele & Gibson, 2020).","…canal de comunicación política en convivencia con la televisión (Esser & Pfetsch, 2020); la orientación de las campañas a micronichos de individuos (Roemmele & Gibson, 2020) cada vez más activos (Esser & Pfetsch, 2020) mediante el uso estratégico de la tecnología digital y el big data (Calvo et…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3505074559,"citingcorpusid":237926029,"citedcorpusid":161665997,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Ello está en consonancia con las conclusiones de investigaciones anteriores (Di Bonito, 2014; López-Meri et al., 2020; Marcos García et al., 2020; Magin et al., 2017).","…Klinger & Russmann, 2017; López-Meri et al., 2020, Magin et al., 2017; Ross et al., 2015) y su orientación a la difusión de información electoral (Di Bonito, 2014; López-Meri et al., 2020; Marcos García et al., 2020; Magin et al., 2017), como la referida a sus actos de campaña o sus programas…","…de información electoral (Di Bonito, 2014; López-Meri et al., 2020; Marcos García et al., 2020; Magin et al., 2017), como la referida a sus actos de campaña o sus programas (López-Meri et al., 2020), y sin contestar apenas los comentarios de sus usuarios (Di Bonito, 2014; López-Meri et al., 2020).","En su mayoría se dirigen a páginas de medios de comunicación que tratan sobre el partido (Marcos García et al., 2020) para aumentar su difusión (López-Meri et al., 2020), pero también en ocasiones a redes sociales de otros miembros del partido o a sus páginas web (Di Bonito, 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4116605494,"citingcorpusid":258891300,"citedcorpusid":32292479,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…can therefore serve as an occasion setter that signals or modulates the specific instrumental relationships that are learned in that context (Abiero & Bradfield, 2021; Bouton, 1993; Bouton & Swartzentruber, 1986; Lee & Lee, 2013; Myers & Gluck, 1994; Trask et al., 2017; Urcelay & Miller, 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2717805680,"citingcorpusid":20664143,"citedcorpusid":44364394,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Electrochemical methods are most suitable for measuring metal speciation, with minimum sample manipulation [ 13 ]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4116605435,"citingcorpusid":258891300,"citedcorpusid":240043259,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We, and others, have previously demonstrated the efficacy of this ligand (Cerpa et al., 2023; Nagai et al., 2020; Nentwig et al., 2021)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1779686133,"citingcorpusid":14360733,"citedcorpusid":17597375,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Our hypothesis is based on thenegative resultsweobtained in the current study and the idea that levels of adult hippocampal neurogenesis are heavily influenced by levels of physical activity [8,23,31], and subsequent activation of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus [29,30,62], somethingwe think is unlikely to happenwithmere addition of single micronutrients into the diet.","Exercise produces robust activation of the granule layer of the dentate gyrus [29–32], which requires significant metabolic activity and results in the production of free radicals."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3306812217,"citingcorpusid":232386401,"citedcorpusid":211729948,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There is considerable interest in using organ- or cancer-on-chip for drug discovery, as illustrated by academic, industry and regulatory publications[19,21,95,96].","However the exact relation between these parameters and drug efficacy are usually not known [19,35].","control for mimicking in vivo like drug concentration profiles in a microfluidic chip with cancer cells [19]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3558509762,"citingcorpusid":239466876,"citedcorpusid":211029879,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It should also be noted that the number of semantically relevant entities grows constantly and rapidly as new scientific discoveries are made [2,3]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2447788722,"citingcorpusid":34228671,"citedcorpusid":29327690,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[9] described cholecystectomy performed by a robotic surgery system with an image-guided function system.","In the context of digestive system surgery, the introduction of video-assisted surgery and robotic surgery has led to the employment of navigation systems [9, 10].","However, overlay display systems have occasionally been used in video or robot-assisted surgeries [9, 10]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":978106784,"citingcorpusid":21627965,"citedcorpusid":34147803,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Taxa: 1, MME-075; 2, Thalassobius aestuarii KCTC 12049 (data obtained from Yi & Chun, 2006); 3, Thalassobius maritimus KCTC 23347 (Park et al., 2012); 4, Thalassobius gelatinovorus KCTC 22092 (Rüger & Höfle, 1992; Uchino et al.","…Thalassobius\nTaxa: 1, MME-075T; 2, Thalassobius aestuarii KCTC 12049T (data obtained from Yi & Chun, 2006); 3, Thalassobius maritimus KCTC 23347T (Park et al., 2012); 4, Thalassobius gelatinovorus KCTC 22092T (Rüger & Höfle, 1992; Uchino et al., 1998; Arahal et al., 2005); 5, Thalassobius…","Additional species of the genus Thalassobius, Thalassobius aestuarii (Yi & Chun, 2006) and Thalassobius maritimus (Park et al., 2012), were described thereafter."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1896220931,"citingcorpusid":618474,"citedcorpusid":37368231,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The same authors later described a number of mechanical failures of osteoporotic pelvic and acetabular fractures repaired with large cannulated screws.(20,23) A major concern using iliosacral screws in this setting, however, is risk of screw fixation failure; and in osteoporotic bone, bone quality is the primary determinant of screw holding power.","2-mm guide pin is fully inserted as typical for application of an iliosacral screw.(20) Optimal screw length is measured, and then the wire path is reamed with the corresponding cannulated drill (Fig.","Appropriate positioning, radiography, and instrumentation are needed and must be applied appropriately to minimize the risks associated with iliosacral or other pelvic fixation screw placement.(19,20) A 6."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3642573184,"citingcorpusid":245829015,"citedcorpusid":32114630,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[37] state that research on disease impact and treatment benefits in rare disorders should incorporate patient-centered outcome measures that capture what matters to rare disease patients.","It is also a statistical challenge to construct reliable measurement methods in small patient groups [37].","According to the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDIRC), measuring patient-reported outcomes is especially challenging in people with rare diseases [37].","This enables agreement on what aspects that are important to measure, how it should be measured and how results should be interpreted [37, 53]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3571047162,"citingcorpusid":240076378,"citedcorpusid":32114630,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This may create additional challenges in identifying the relevant domains of QoL to measure in the comparative arm [50]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3788966541,"citingcorpusid":86188286,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Nitrification, i.e. the oxidation of ammonium to nitrate (via nitrite) in soils, is a key process in regulating the potential for loss of plant-available N from soil (Stockdale et al. 2002a) and was described as a two-stage microbial process by Schloesing & Muntz (1877) andWarington (1878).","…that solely physical and chemical processes could not lead to the formation of nitrite and nitrate within soils ; the activity of nitrifying organisms shown in pure cultures by Schloesing & Muntz (1877), Warington (1878), Winogradsky (1892) and others were responsible for nitrification in soils."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1608808613,"citingcorpusid":90119824,"citedcorpusid":8332532,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Permite la identificación simultánea de 28 genotipos de alto riesgo (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69, 73, 82), de probable alto riesgo (26, 53, 66) y de bajo riesgo (6, 11, 40, 43, 44, 54, 70, 71, 74) y si hay una infección múltiple.","En varios estudios se ha demostrado que la detección de VPH-AR es significativamente más sensible que la citología cervical para identificar a mujeres con lesiones CIN II o mayores (66,70-71), sobre todo cuando se realiza en mujeres de 30 años o más ya que por debajo de esta edad, la mayoría de personas presentan infecciones transitorias por VPH (72).","De éstos, 10 son virus de bajo riesgo (6, 11, 34, 40, 43, 44, 54, 70, 71), 16 de alto riesgo (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59,68, 69, 73, 82) y 3 de"],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":1005081078,"citingcorpusid":83177885,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Detailed information is available on fishery and population dynamics of threadfin breams from Kakinada (Murty, 1983, 1984, and 1987), Madras (Vivekanandan, 1990 and Vivekanandan and James, 1986) and Cochin (Vinci and Nair, 1975 and Vinci, 1983)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3721742229,"citingcorpusid":248108863,"citedcorpusid":51809032,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2019), medicine (Silva et al., 2018), architecture (Maghool et al.","A review of literature websites reveals an increasing number of papers on the application of this technology in recent years, including those on computer games (Pallavicini et al., 2019), medicine (Silva et al., 2018), architecture (Maghool et al., 2018), and tourism (Beck et al., 2019)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":831772747,"citingcorpusid":51827898,"citedcorpusid":16190041,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, SOD is one of the important enzymes that scavenge the superoxide radicals by converting them to hydrogen peroxides and molecular oxygen [67].","However, the increased SOD activity following oral administration of ethanolic extract of Acacia ataxacantha bark might be due to presence of antioxidant phytochemicals which scavenge the superoxide radical by converting them to hydrogen peroxides and molecular oxygen [67]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2398346187,"citingcorpusid":51827898,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Therefore an increase in the activities of ALT and AST in the serum might be mainly due to the leakage of these enzymes from the liver cytosol into the blood stream [63] which gives an indication of hepatotoxic effect of STZ.","The STZ-induced diabetes causes the destruction of pancreatic β cells of islets, which leads to a reduction of insulin release and increase in blood glucose.","STZ – induced diabetes has been described as a useful experimental model to study the antidiabetic activity of several agents [39].","Reduction in the activities of ALT and AST in the serum might consequently be due to alleviation of liver damage caused by STZ– induced diabetic mellitus [64], while 500mg/kg body weight might be toxic.","STZ is well known for its selective pancreatic islet β-cell cytotoxicity used to induce diabetes mellitus in animals.","The animals were considered as diabetic, if their blood glucose values were above 250 mg/dL on the third day after the STZ injection.","STZ is a broad spectrum antibiotic extracted from Streptomyces acromogenes.","Effects of ethanolic extract of Acacia ataxacantha bark on pancreatic lipid peroxidation of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats\nFigure 8 depicts the effects of ethanolic extract of Acacia ataxacantha bark on the pancreatic lipid peroxidation in STZ - induced diabetic rats.","The animals were fasted overnight and diabetes was induced by a single intra-peritoneal injection of freshly-prepared STZ (55 mg/kg body weight of rats) in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) [22].","Ohaeri [62] reported that liver was necrotized in STZinduced diabetic rats.","The treatment was started on the fourth day after the STZ injection and this was considered the first day of treatment.","Antioxidant enzymes have been shown to play important role in maintaining physiological levels of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide by hastening the dismu‐ tation of oxygen radicals and eliminating organic peroxide and hydro-peroxides generated from inadvertent exposure to STZ [66]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3390338171,"citingcorpusid":236250346,"citedcorpusid":84278297,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It has been reported that temperature ranging between 237 and 306 C is required for the complete destruction of the aflatoxins while temperature above 150 C causes its partial destruction (Rustom 1997)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1229054593,"citingcorpusid":198942280,"citedcorpusid":28302293,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Our results are supported by Zucconi et al. (1996), who isolated a thermotolerant-mesophilic fungal species from Victoria Land, Antarctica, having the ability to grow at 45°C. Azmi and Seppelt (1997) reported many fungal genera that show growth in between 4-35°C.","Our results are also supported by Fenice et al. (1997) who screened 33 fungal strains for production of various extracellular enzymes, isolated from various sites of Victoria Land (continental Antarctica).","In Antarctica, G. pannorum was isolated from thalli of seaweeds (Loque et al., 2010), as an endophyte (Rosa et al., 2010) and is associated with mosses (Tosi et al., 2002).","In addition, Cryptococcus genus reported from soil from Southern Victoria Land and other locations in Antarctica (Adams et al., 2006; Thomas-Hall et al., 2002).","Such type of fungi have been found and investigated in all major cold habitats, such as Antarctica (Blanchette et al., 2010), Arctic regions (Sonjak et al., 2006) and cold deep sea environments (Damare et al., 2006).","Penicillium species have been identified from soils, lakes, historic woodlands and macroalgal thalli in Antarctical regions (Loque et al., 2010).","Thelebolus microspore has been found a good producer of amylase, lipase and chitinase enzymes from Larsemann Hills, Antarctica (Singh et al., 2014)."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":535381725,"citingcorpusid":35496596,"citedcorpusid":24539341,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Unlike MhpR, other IclR regulators such as PcaR from Pseudomonas putida and PobR and PcaU from Acinetobacter sp. ADP1 regulate their own expression,\nacting as repressors (DiMarco & Ornston, 1994; Guo & Houghton, 1999; Trautwein & Gerischer, 2001).","It is thought that the mechanism of auto-repression is different among IclR-type regulators, since not all of them bind at the same position on the promoter region (DiMarco & Ornston, 1994; Gerischer et al., 1998; Guo & Houghton, 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":535381694,"citingcorpusid":35496596,"citedcorpusid":2293050,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the case of Pa (Manso et al., 2009), MhpR binds at the operator sequence and in the presence of 3HPP the MhpR–HPP interaction facilitates the recruitment of the cAMP–CRP complex, which synergistically activates transcription of the mhp catabolic genes as occurs in typical class III promoters.","MhpR displays a distinctive regulation mechanism in which phenylpropionic acid activates the MhpR regulator synergistically with the true inducers, representing the first case of such an unusual synergistic effect described for a bacterial regulator (Manso et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2905491566,"citingcorpusid":46034197,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Similarly, include mother’s preference, embarrassment, distaste, Schaefer (1971) showed an inverse relationship between having a cesarean section, not having enough milk, the incidence of chronic middle ear disease and the duracracked nipples, increased activity, the need to return tion of…","(1997) also discovered that, fed for some length of time.","Research sources of food (Sayed,Hildes,& Schaefer, 1976). Blackwood (1981) reports that, during the 1950s, efforts were questions under consideration in this study were the following: Over approximately the last 20 years, what made by public health workers to replace and/or supplement breastfeeding with formula feeding, leading to a has been the prevalence of breastfeeding among this population? Over approximately the last 20 years, have any large shift toward formula feeding, especially in the first few months of life. Over 25 years ago, Schaefer (1973) changes taken place in the prevalence of breastfeeding among this population? Prevalence was defined as the reported that, among Canadian Eskimos, the traditional 3 to 4 years of prolonged breastfeeding had been short- number of cases of breastfeeding over approximately the last 20 years among this specific population of Inupiat ened or abandoned with the increasing use of bottle feeding.","Research sources of food (Sayed,Hildes,& Schaefer, 1976). Blackwood (1981) reports that, during the 1950s, efforts were questions under consideration in this study were the following: Over approximately the last 20 years, what made by public health workers to replace and/or supplement breastfeeding with formula feeding, leading to a has been the prevalence of breastfeeding among this population? Over approximately the last 20 years, have any large shift toward formula feeding, especially in the first few months of life.","(1997) also discovered that, fed for some length of time. These results may be due to similar issues identified by Stern and Condon (1995). although Native Americans have high rates for breastfeeding initiation, rates quickly decline with mothers’ They discovered that both elderly and young women were relatively knowledgeable regarding issues related choices to start formula."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":2163387456,"citingcorpusid":118964333,"citedcorpusid":119205345,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…hosts is much higher for infrared (IR) and hard X-ray selected AGN, which are less sensitive to dust obscuration, than for optical or soft X-ray selected AGN (e.g., Sanders et al. 1988a,b; Sanders & Mirabel 1996; Veilleux et al. 2009; Koss et al. 2010; Satyapal et al. 2014; Kocevski et al. 2015).","The merger/AGN association also depends strongly on the AGN luminosity (e.g., Ellison et al. 2013b; Satyapal et al. 2014; Koss et al. 2012).","Similarly, the strong enhancement in IR-selected AGN found in late-stage mergers (Satyapal et al. 2014) further suggests that obscured nuclear environments in late-stage mergers are likely sites for dual AGN.","Because we are interested specifically in mergers, we focus on modeling galaxies representative of relatively low-redshift systems (z <∼ 0.5), similar to the observed samples of Satyapal et al. (2014),Weston et al. (2017), & Goulding et al. (2018).","This choice is in agreement with several recent empirical studies of IR AGN signatures in merging galaxies, which have similarly focused on the low redshift regime (Satyapal et al. 2014; Weston et al. 2017; Goulding et al. 2018).","Satyapal et al. (2014) used WISE color selection to identify a new population of low-redshift merger-triggered AGN.","…more likely than isolated galaxies to host AGN, and that AGN are most likely to be found in the late stages of the merger (e.g., Liu et al. 2011; Ellison et al. 2011; Silverman et al. 2011; Ellison et al. 2013b; Satyapal et al. 2014; Lackner et al. 2014; Weston et al. 2017; Goulding et al. 2018)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["result"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3686440160,"citingcorpusid":2917928,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, approximately when ω ≈ 4π M , |H(ω)| approaches an extremely small number (Oppenheim, 1989).","However, approximately when ω ≈ 4πM , |H(ω)| approaches an extremely small number (Oppenheim, 1989)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":812192673,"citingcorpusid":3335346,"citedcorpusid":5737941,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…they have been shown promote thrombus formation and contribute to metastasis (Falanga et al., 2003), being plasmatic levels of these EVs associated aggressiveness, prognosis and survival of oncologic patients (Kim et al., 2003; Helley et al., 2009; Italiano et al., 2010; Voloshin et al., 2014).",", 2003), being plasmatic levels of these EVs associated aggressiveness, prognosis and survival of oncologic patients (Kim et al., 2003; Helley et al., 2009; Italiano et al., 2010; Voloshin et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2902608938,"citingcorpusid":220717553,"citedcorpusid":5737941,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1 and 1 μm.(17) The MPs cargo consists of surface antigens, proteins, adhesion molecules, nucleic acids (ie, RNAs, DNA) and nucleic regulators derived from the donor cell.","EVs, that consist of tEVs and exosomes, have already been shown to support tumor angiogenesis, growth and metastasis.(17) A recent study demonstrated that exosomes of melanoma tumors promote the mobilization of bone-marrow-derived progenitor cells to the premetastatic site and support melanoma cell seeding therefore facilitating metastasis."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":83439918,"citingcorpusid":14789357,"citedcorpusid":2728977,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of a categorical conceptualization of PDs results in extensive comorbidity among PDs, symptom overlap, heterogeneous presentations within putatively homogenous categories, and unreliable application of category labels (Clark, 2007; Jablensky, 2002; Livesley, 2003; Millon, 2002; Tyrer, 2007).","The imposition of a categorical conceptualization of PDs results in extensive comorbidity among PDs, symptom overlap, heterogeneous presentations within putatively homogenous categories, and unreliable application of category labels (Clark, 2007; Jablensky, 2002; Livesley, 2003; Millon, 2002; Tyrer, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":571431379,"citingcorpusid":54843862,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The code for the applied spatial performance metrics is made available by Demirel et al. (2018b) at https: //github.com/cuneyd/spaef and Koch (2018) at https://github.com/ JulKoch/SEEM."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1085741135,"citingcorpusid":54843862,"citedcorpusid":51748428,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The connectivity metric originates from the field of hydrogeology in which it is commonly applied to characterize the spatial heterogeneity of aquifers (Koch et al., 2014; Rongier et al., 2016).","The connectivity metric originates from the field of hydrogeology in which it is commonly applied to characterize the spatial heterogeneity of aquifers (Koch et al., 2014; Rongier\net al., 2016)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":233723103,"citingcorpusid":8653229,"citedcorpusid":43106398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The G-2 hybridoma was subcloned two times by limiting dilution (10)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3874566593,"citingcorpusid":251648582,"citedcorpusid":4060797,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2021), or in the control of ciliary length and composition, notably through the discard of ciliary components (Long et al., 2016; Nager et al., 2017; Phua et al., 2017; Salinas et al., 2017; Akella et al., 2020; Razzauti and Laurent, 2021) (see below).","Indeed, in absence of Peripherin-2 (RDS) in murine rds−/− mutants, the rod exhibits a higher capacity to release EVs, which prevents the formation of discs at the base of the outer segment (Salinas et al., 2017)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3738813372,"citingcorpusid":248754591,"citedcorpusid":943490,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Link capacity related measurement tools [122] [62] [93] are among the most notable ones."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":56617788,"citingcorpusid":5463098,"citedcorpusid":167874994,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The framework is based on the work of Venkatraman and Grant (1986), Ramanujam, Venkatraman and Camillus (1986) and Venkatraman and Ramanujam (1987).","For, as is shown in Table 1, just as Venkatraman and Grant (1986) found when assessing the status of business strategy research in the mid-1980s ‘most existing measures (of ISSP success) are either nominal and/or single-item scales that have questionable measurement properties or multi-item scales…","Venkatraman and Grant (1986) assert that such a step would go a long way towards reducing the problem described earlier in this paper, of using different terms to illustrate similar concepts."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3256289630,"citingcorpusid":213018660,"citedcorpusid":133753596,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["different ages – the b259 Ma ages are otherwise difficult to reconcile with the stratigraphic position of the claystones underneath the ~259 Ma silicic phase of ELIP magmatism (Yang et al., 2018; Zhong et al., 2014).","21 Ma from the top tuff of the Puan volcanic succession (Yang et al., 2018)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3256290806,"citingcorpusid":213018660,"citedcorpusid":129890778,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The most notable losses during the Guadalupian mass extinction were amongst the fusulinid foraminifers (Wignall et al., 2009b; Yang et al., 2004), and occurred at the beginning of the J.","The Middle to Late Permian transition was marked by one of the major biological crises of the Phanerozoic, known as the Guadalupian mass extinction (Bond et al., 2019; Grasby et al., 2016; Wignall et al., 2009a; Yang et al., 2004).","The most notable losses during the Guadalupian mass extinction were amongst the fusulinid foraminifers (Wignall et al., 2009b; Yang et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1872269626,"citingcorpusid":11290361,"citedcorpusid":84297543,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["TPC was determined using the F-C colorimetric method (Velioglu et al., 1998).","Total phenolic content (TPC) TPC was determined using the F-C colorimetric method (Velioglu et al., 1998)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":570956019,"citingcorpusid":54873967,"citedcorpusid":84297543,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…rid\nay D\nec em\nbe r\n6t h\n20 19\ncontent was determined using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method as described by Van Hung et al. (2009) and total phenolic compounds were measured calorimetrically using Folin-Ciocateau reagent as described by Velioglu et al. (1998) with slight modifications.","7 IR\nS T\no n\nF rid\nay D\nec em\nbe r\n6t h\n20 19\nby Van Hung et al. (2009) and Velioglu et al. (1998), respectively."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":412832210,"citingcorpusid":49350058,"citedcorpusid":39191002,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Representations of human dynamics in terms of linear oscillator models and by oscillators with frequency dependent coefficients are established ideas (Goldman and Von Gierke, 1960; Orne, 1974; Snowden, 1968). Resonance of seated humans at 5 Hz and resonance of the head at 8 Hz during whole body excitation was described with linear oscillator models by Vogt, Coermann and Fust (1968). The question of linearity of such models has been addressed by a","Representations of human dynamics in terms of linear oscillator models and by oscillators with frequency dependent coefficients are established ideas (Goldman and Von Gierke, 1960; Orne, 1974; Snowden, 1968)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":948161349,"citingcorpusid":15197734,"citedcorpusid":14305635,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["HTL Particle size has a direct correlation to pumpability and pressure control [27, 28].","Moisture content generally decreases for late fall harvests, reducing required drying energy for pyrolysis or combustion processes but having little effect on hydrothermal liquefaction or fermentation processes [27, 41]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1554657125,"citingcorpusid":85343507,"citedcorpusid":84297543,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of health and protection from coronary heart disease and cancer is also raising interest among scientists, food manufacturers and consumers as the trend of the future is moving toward functional food with specific health effects (Velioglu et al., 1998; Kahkonen et al., 1999; Robards et al., 1999).","The importance of the antioxidant constituents in the maintenance of health and protection from coronary heart disease and cancer is also raising interest among scientists, food manufacturers and consumers as the trend of the future is moving toward functional food with specific health effects (Velioglu et al., 1998; Kahkonen et al., 1999; Robards et al., 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1573280691,"citingcorpusid":8084650,"citedcorpusid":84297543,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["dermoporus were measured by the Folin Ciocalteu method [17] with few modifications using 0."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1572276500,"citingcorpusid":89859463,"citedcorpusid":84297543,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…nitrogen compounds (alkaloids, amino acids), carotenoids and ascorbic acid; while synthetic antioxidants are phenolic structures with various degrees of alkyl substitution such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and propyl gallate (VELIOGLU et al., 1998).","They either natural or synthetic; natural antioxidants include phenolic compounds (tocopherols, flavonoids), nitrogen compounds (alkaloids, amino acids), carotenoids and ascorbic acid; while synthetic antioxidants are phenolic structures with various degrees of alkyl substitution such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and propyl gallate (VELIOGLU et al., 1998)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1561572080,"citingcorpusid":82360526,"citedcorpusid":84297543,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Chemical constituents with antioxidant activity present in high concentrations in plants determine their considerable role in the prevention of various degenerative diseases (Velioglu et al., 1998).","A linear correlation between radical scavenging activity and phenolic concentration has been reported in an extensive range of vegetables, fruits, and beverages (Velioglu et al., 1998)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1560067313,"citingcorpusid":132131451,"citedcorpusid":84297543,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["exhibit potent antioxidant activity [34]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1565175396,"citingcorpusid":92329380,"citedcorpusid":84297543,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some of these fruits are rich in antioxidants, carotenoids, anthocyanins, pectins, fatty acids, flavonoids and phenolic acids and some vitamins and minerals (Velioglu et al., 1998) may also be important contributors to silage quality (Ülger et al., 2015).","Some of these fruits are rich in antioxidants, carotenoids, anthocyanins, pectins, fatty acids, flavonoids and phenolic acids and some vitamins and minerals (Velioglu et al., 1998) may also be important contributors to silage quality (Ülger et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3863768801,"citingcorpusid":251326186,"citedcorpusid":19382208,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[", TGF-b1 and epidermal growth factor (EGF)], which has been identified to be associated with fibrogenesis (29).","Bioinformatic analysis indicated that Src is a key gene in the network of differentially expressed genes in TGF-b1-induced MMT (29).","Researchers determined that POU Class 4 Homeobox 1 (Pou4f1), a direct Smad3 target gene in the TGF-b1-induced MMT process in BMDMs, was a potential therapeutic target to prevent renal fibrosis.","Src is upstream of Smad3 signaling and acts as a direct Smad3 target gene, which is specifically upregulated in macrophages during MMT. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that Src is a key gene in the network of differentially expressed genes in TGF-b1-induced MMT (29)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":1573724631,"citingcorpusid":55785758,"citedcorpusid":84297543,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["nitrogen compounds, and carotenoids have antioxidant properties and may serve as potential candidates for antioxidant resources (Velioglu et al., 1998).","A wide range of natural compounds, including phenolic compounds, nitrogen compounds, and carotenoids have antioxidant properties and may serve as potential candidates for antioxidant resources (Velioglu et al., 1998)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1561005033,"citingcorpusid":42906921,"citedcorpusid":84297543,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The importance of antioxidant constituents in the maintenance of health and protection from coronary heart disease and cancer is raising considerable interest among scientists, food manufacturers and consumers as the trend of the future is moving toward functional foodwith specific health effects (Velioglu et al. 1998; Kahkonen et al. 1999; Robards et al. 1999).","…health and protection from coronary heart disease and cancer is raising considerable interest among scientists, food manufacturers and consumers as the trend of the future is moving toward functional foodwith specific health effects (Velioglu et al. 1998; Kahkonen et al. 1999; Robards et al. 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4001532560,"citingcorpusid":254489264,"citedcorpusid":84297543,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(1998) [25] using the Folin– Ciocalteu reagent, reading at an absorbance of 725 nm (Cecil Instruments, Cambridge, UK) using gallic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, St."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2337333496,"citingcorpusid":25262173,"citedcorpusid":17076217,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["According to the inclusion criteria defined above, a total of 15 publications [25–39] with 2683 cases and 3335 controls concerning TP53 Arg72 Pro polymorphism with respect to endometriosis were included in our meta-analysis, all of these studies were written in English in addition to one was in Chinese.","There were a number of articles reported that the polymorphism of TP53 is associated with endometriosis [25–39], but unfortunately, controversial conclusions still exist.","There were a number of publications investigate the relationship between the TP53 gene polymorphism and endometriosis risk [25–39], but the results are inconclusive.","Total of seven individual case–control studies [25–31] with 6018 subjects (2683 cases and 3335 controls) were included in our meta-analysis."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1124621748,"citingcorpusid":115991453,"citedcorpusid":146306100,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…is no full agreement on what g actually measures: it has been described as a mere statistical regularity (Thomson, 1939), a kind of mental energy (Spearman, 1927), a generalized abstract reasoning ability (Gustafsson, 1984), or an index measure of neural processing speed (Reed & Jensen, 1992)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":610512172,"citingcorpusid":55501433,"citedcorpusid":222453678,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The other one emphasized that universal principles influence the avoidance behaviour which is predictable by the semantic difficulty of the target L2 forms (Hulstijn & Marchena,1989).","The subsequent study was conducted by Hulstijn and Marchena (1989) that differed from the previous one as being based on Dutch language including phrasal verb (PV) structures in nature."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1857016884,"citingcorpusid":213513867,"citedcorpusid":149125164,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Parental supervision in the form of physical guardianship and the use of antivirus software and other virtual forms of guardianship are effective in reducing cybervictimization (Kalia & Aleem, 2017).","Routine activity theory is an effective framework for studying cybervictimization (Kalia & Aleem, 2017; Näsi, Räsänen, Kaakinen, Keipi, & Oksanen, 2017; Reyns,\n16\nHenson, & Fisher, 2016).","Kalia and Aleem (2017) determined the differences between victims and nonvictims of 200 high school students were target suitability and parental supervision using routine activity theory and cybervictimization."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":371112020,"citingcorpusid":18247273,"citedcorpusid":25110280,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is well known that guanine is easily prone to oxidation if stringent precautions are not taken during preparation of samples for analysis((331)), therefore much of what is measured could be artefacts."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3243779,"citingcorpusid":588407,"citedcorpusid":16804612,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In Off-line parameter identification methods described in [7, 8], the SynRM electrical parameters are obtained for some operating points by practical tests and inserted in look-up tables or mathematically approximated by some curves.","In the last two decades, the SynRM parameter identification has been challenging so that some researchers have tried to solve this problem [7-10]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3864128537,"citingcorpusid":251381379,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It can be substantial risk factor for toxic puerperal metritis, it couses significant economic losses, as many RP buffaloes develop metritis and suffer from infertility (Azawi and Taha 2002 and Azawi 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1647894489,"citingcorpusid":205809258,"citedcorpusid":9341431,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Such studies have revealed biomarkers of exposure and mechanisms of toxicity in whole blood or peripheral blood leukocytes in populations exposed to benzene [Forrest et al., 2005; McHale et al., 2011], arsenic [Argos et al.","…have revealed biomarkers of exposure and mechanisms of toxicity in whole blood or peripheral blood leukocytes in populations exposed to benzene [Forrest et al.,\n2005; McHale et al., 2011], arsenic [Argos et al., 2006; Andrew et al., 2008], perfluorooctanoic acid [Rylander et al., 2011],…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3690053775,"citingcorpusid":74344435,"citedcorpusid":70919957,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Las prótesis utilizadas fueron PCA (10), Isoelásticas (12), Harris Galante (7), Osteonics (13), AML (2), Lima Litto (2).13","Las prótesis utilizadas fueron PCA (10), Isoelásticas (12), Harris Galante (7), Osteonics (13), AML (2), Lima Litto (2)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2668293102,"citingcorpusid":23519797,"citedcorpusid":20851289,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["M acrophages express estrogen receptor subtypes and (1–3) and are therefore capable of responding to increase in estrogen during the follicular phase of menstrual cycle (4), at the time of exposure from exogenous sources such as phytoestrogens (5), following administration for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes (6), or during accidental exposure to estrogenic chemicals (7, 8)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3530352862,"citingcorpusid":238583402,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The conventional magnetoelectric multiferroic materials[1,2] exhibit simultaneous magnetic and ferroelectric ordering that allow control of the spin and the charge in electric and magnetic fields[3], respectively."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1541502655,"citingcorpusid":7768443,"citedcorpusid":124247006,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Following Fisher [10], our econometrician establishes a set of linear equations linking φ to the structural parameters in his model, θ̄.","This requires that the rank and the order conditions (Fisher [10]) must be checked for each equation of the system."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3378114128,"citingcorpusid":166877952,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In terms of policy making in the Czech Republic is important the work of Reimarová (2011) who estimates the administrative or transaction costs of the procurement procedure and evaluates the differences between an inhouse administration and an outsourced administration in terms of prices and…","For PP of homogeneous goods, the additional administrative costs of e-auction are negligible (as estimated by Reimarová (2011) or PWC (2011)), but the potential savings are remarkable."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4034526457,"citingcorpusid":255614556,"citedcorpusid":145719397,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…depression, and other psychological disorders, such as anxiety and suicidal ideation, among immigrant adolescents (Altinyelken 2009; Berry et al. 2006; Cho and Haslam 2010; Haugh 2006; Hovey and King 1996; Juang and Cookston 2009; Lee et al. 2004; Suarez-Morales and Lopez Barbara 2009).","Generally, cultural stress has been found to be related to low self-esteem, depression, and other psychological disorders, such as anxiety and suicidal ideation, among immigrant adolescents (Altinyelken 2009; Berry et al. 2006; Cho and Haslam 2010; Haugh 2006; Hovey and King 1996; Juang and Cookston 2009; Lee et al. 2004; Suarez-Morales and Lopez Barbara 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":251956869,"citingcorpusid":1558870,"citedcorpusid":13259882,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recent literature proposed that the phlACBD operon was presumably formed in Pseudomonas through the acquisition of phlACB from Archaea and phlD from another unclear origin, possibly Streptomyces, Vibrio (Kidarsa et al., 2011), or even plants (Cook et al., 1995; Ramette et al., 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1598770249,"citingcorpusid":202697136,"citedcorpusid":20524751,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The LIR motif consists of the consensus sequence ΘXXΓ, where Θ is an aromatic residue (W/F/Y) and Γ is hydrophobic (L/I/V), while X is any other residue [82,83]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":335679306,"citingcorpusid":17847714,"citedcorpusid":19881526,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1056135736,"citingcorpusid":125453940,"citedcorpusid":127234670,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Consequently, the geometric mean, the mechanical and the hydraulic apertures can be distinguished (Lin [51], Davias [52], Crosnier [53]).","Crosnier [53] used disks with crenelated surface to study flow in radial fractures.","Second order corrections were then calculated for specific geometries, like for instance, the case of a fracture having a flat wall and a corrugated wall ([70]), the case of a fracture with parallel walls ([98]) or for mirror-symmetric fractures ([53], [99] in the case of a radial fracture)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2385147226,"citingcorpusid":145355675,"citedcorpusid":43019871,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Although evidence across several studies points to relationships between some social problems and involvement with public assistance, many studies have serious methodological problems and have yielded weak correlational data (see Withorn, 1996).","Before passage of the law, there were 20.2 million persons receiving major assistance from government agencies in 1991; the mean length of time benefits were received was approximately 6 years (Withorn, 1996), with 76.3% of recipients remaining on welfare for more than 60 months (Shea, 1995).","The PRA is the culmination of more than a decade of dissatisfaction with the welfare system among taxpayers and policy makers alike (Neenan & Orthner, 1996; Withorn, 1996)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1629691539,"citingcorpusid":204876404,"citedcorpusid":55540510,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of selected indicators of national economies on the country’s financial security was considered by scientists: Samih Antoine Azar (2014), Wenjuan Pan (2014), Vasylieva (2017), Velychko (2014), Lekha S Chakraborty and Darshy Sinha (2018), Manh-Trung Phung, Cheng-Ping Cheng and Chen-Yu Kao (2018)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":242480546,"citingcorpusid":11158878,"citedcorpusid":13209319,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A vast majority of the stable xenografts produced have not expressed the estrogen receptor (ER) , but ERþ xenografts have recently begun to be reported (9, 11, 12, 15).","A previous study evaluating 7 xenografts showed an observed concordance of 71% versus an expected concordance of 47% (9)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":892902598,"citingcorpusid":22512689,"citedcorpusid":13209319,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The doubling time in ER? xenografts was significantly longer than the doubling time previously observed in non luminal xenografts [14].","Moreover, it is noteworthy that in vivo tumor growth of these ER? BC tumors was slower than for various triple negative BC xenografts that we have also established and characterized [13, 14].","This has also been suggested by our previous report [14] and observed by Gieseman et al.","We have previously reported our preliminary data in breast cancer, showing that they maintained the biological characteristics of their respective patient’s counterpart and that all known subtypes of human BC could be obtained [13, 14].","Tumor volume, relative tumor volume, and tumor growth inhibition were recorded as previously reported [14].","Indeed, we confirm in this report our previous findings [14] and those of others [22, 26] showing that as for other subtypes of breast cancer the phenotypical and the molecular profiles of the xenografts derived from luminal tumors are strikingly close to those of their patient tumor counterparts.","The vast majority of tumor specimens were obtained from patients with early stage, operable breast cancer at the time of surgery, as previously described [14]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"],["result"],["methodology"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3343622440,"citingcorpusid":234757127,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["H and Ali Ramezani (2016), Umar Ibrahim (2008) with the scope of research space is a small and medium-sized industry in Nigeria’s Borno state analyzed about factors affecting the performance of this industry.","The study emphasized that, in order for small and medium-sized industrial enterprises to achieve production goals and to optimize efficiency, the core element is to have a suitable workforce with a refined attitude([20])."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3838670630,"citingcorpusid":53719932,"citedcorpusid":2561599,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Atoh1 is known to be necessary for expression of the CDK inhibitors p27 and p57 during Notch inhibition (17).","An Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) rejection scheme (17) was used to identify feasible parameter sets."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":411505700,"citingcorpusid":20076033,"citedcorpusid":96833517,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The orange arrow indicates the order of events when no co-solvent is used: (1) when spin coating is started, the chloroform concentration decreases due to evaporation; (2) at B80 vol% total solvent content liquid–liquid phase separation occurs; (3) at B50 vol% total solvent content the polymer aggregates.","When co-solvents are used, the purple arrow indicates the order of events: (1) the total solvent content decreases mainly due to chloroform evaporation, thus the solvent quality for the polymer decreases; (2) at B80–95 vol% total solvent content the polymer starts aggregating; (3) the polymer has aggregated before liquid–liquid phase separation has occurred, and no large domains are formed.","The domain size is determined in step (2) by the fullerene droplets which are formed by liquid–liquid phase separation.","Three different substrates were used: (1) Solar cells are made on prepatterned indium-tin-oxide substrates (Naranjo Substrates); (2) combined interference and scattering was performed on silicon substrates (Si-Mat, 525mm thickness with 200 nm SiO2 layer); (3) interference and absorption and transmission measurements were done on glass slides."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":955948887,"citingcorpusid":6843016,"citedcorpusid":28301314,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["p38 Is a Non-Canonical TGFβ/BMP Signaling","SDF-1 (stromal cellderived factor-1) is described as an inductor of migration of umbilical cord MSCs through activation of AKT, ERK and p38 (Ryu et al., 2010)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3418110033,"citingcorpusid":33759590,"citedcorpusid":6719334,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Such mutants were frequently found in mutagenized virus stocks (14).","However, viruses containing mutant M2 genes of T3 origin were capable of growing to a higher titer in intestinal tissue (14).","The viral hemagglutinin cri (encoded by the Si segment) binds to cell surface receptors and is responsible for cell and tissue tropism (4, 20); the ,1iC protein (encoded by the M2 segment) interacts with proteases and determines yield in differentiated tissues (3, 14); the a3 protein (encoded by the S4 segment) inhibits host cell RNA and protein syntheses (1, 15)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3418110012,"citingcorpusid":33759590,"citedcorpusid":36009855,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The viral hemagglutinin cri (encoded by the Si segment) binds to cell surface receptors and is responsible for cell and tissue tropism (4, 20); the ,1iC protein (encoded by the M2 segment) interacts with proteases and determines yield in differentiated tissues (3, 14); the a3 protein (encoded by the S4 segment) inhibits host cell RNA and protein syntheses (1, 15)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1892206175,"citingcorpusid":85657,"citedcorpusid":87025107,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Departure Dances and Flights I measured duration of waggle dance circuits [47,48] to the nearest second with a digital stopwatch.","To test the hypothesis that dance direction and duration are correlated with flight direction and distance, I then compared the direction and, when possible, distance of the flight to that indicated by the dances [25,47,48,50]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2554008513,"citingcorpusid":168043361,"citedcorpusid":53482049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Extensive literatures review indicated that most of the research studies carried out thus far is in fact merely concentrated on green supply chain management per se (Beamon, 1999; Ofori, 2000; Hervani et al., 2005; Zhu et al., 2005; Ferretti et al., 2007; Chien and Shih, 2007; Zhu and Dou, 2007; Simpson et al., 2007; Zhu et al., 2008) and in most of the circumstances, these researches tend to focus on single aspect such as green purchasing (Green et al."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1913736121,"citingcorpusid":156215913,"citedcorpusid":53482049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The lack of uniformity remains in the literature proposed by different authors (e.g. Zhu et al. 2005; Diabat & Govindan 2011; Wu et al. 2011).","Therefore, based on results of previous exploratory research (e.g. Zhu & Sarkis 2004; Zhu et al. 2005; Ninlawan et al. 2010; Diabat & Govindan 2011; Wu et al. 2011; Rostamzadeh et al. 2015), the GSCM practices implementation can be conceptualized into six different dimensions of practices including…","Therefore, based on results of previous exploratory research (e.g. Zhu & Sarkis 2004; Zhu et al. 2005; Ninlawan et al. 2010; Diabat & Govindan 2011; Wu et al. 2011; Rostamzadeh et al. 2015), the GSCM practices implementation can be conceptualized into six different dimensions of practices including eco-design, green purchasing, green logistics, green manufacturing and remanufacturing, environmental management, and reverse logistics."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":1806557381,"citingcorpusid":29151706,"citedcorpusid":53482049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Protection of environment became the demand of every customer and regulatory authorities in every country that’s why environmental protection became the main concerned of organizations (Zhu et al. 2005; Jabbour et al. 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1224658885,"citingcorpusid":115432468,"citedcorpusid":53482049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…et al. (2012) study the cooperation with suppliers will improve the environmental performance, the same result was supported by Frosch (1994), Sarkis (1995), Florida (1996), Florida and Davison (2001), Geffen and Rothenberg (2000), Green et al. (1996), Handfield et al. (2002) and Zhu et al. (2005)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":2893150992,"citingcorpusid":23156132,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The diagnoses of PV and ET were in each case established upon the PVSG criteria (1, 3)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3364496159,"citingcorpusid":235435979,"citedcorpusid":17980765,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["q n g1(x) g2(x) [n, k, d] Remark 7 3 (1, 3) (1, 5) [6, 4, 3] MDS 7 3 (1, 3) (1, 4, 2) [6, 3, 4] MDS 7 3 (1, 1, 1) (1, 4, 2) [6, 2, 5] MDS 11 5 (1, 6) (1, 8) [10, 8, 3] MDS 11 5 (1, 7, 3) (1, 2, 9) [10, 6, 5] MDS 19 9 (1, 3) (1, 8) [18, 6, 3] MDS 23 11 (1, 5) (1, 7) [22, 20, 3] MDS","Therefore, the Gray image φ(C) has parameters [10, 6, 5], which is an MDS code satisfying n− k + 1− d = 0.","Later, in 1999, Bonnecaze and Udaya [6] studied cyclic codes over the ring F2 + uF2, u 2 = 0.","q n g1(x) g2(x) [n, k, d] Remark 5 4 (1, 4) (1, 2, 2) [8, 5, 3] Optimal 5 4 (1, 4, 3) (1, 2, 2) [8, 4, 4] Optimal 5 4 (1, 3, 4, 2) (1, 4, 1, 4) [8, 2, 6] Optimal 5 5 (1, 3, 1) (1, 4) [10, 7, 3] Optimal 5 5 (1, 4) (1, 2, 3, 4) [10, 6, 4] Optimal 5 8 (1, 3, 2, 1) (1, 4, 3) [16, 11, 4] Optimal 5 10 (1, 4) (1, 3, 0, 2, 4) [20, 15, 4] Optimal 7 6 (1, 5, 6) (1, 2) [12, 9, 3] Optimal 7 7 (1, 5, 1) (1, 6) [14, 11, 3] Optimal 7 7 (1, 4, 3, 6) (1, 6) [14, 10, 4] Optimal 7 8 (1, 2, 5, 6) (1, 6) [16, 12, 4] Optimal 7 12 (1, 6) (1, 5, 0, 5, 6) [24, 19, 4] BKLC 7 14 (1, 5, 0, 2, 6) (1, 6) [28, 24, 4] BKLC 7 14 (1, 6) (1, 3, 5, 4, 1) [32, 27, 4] Optimal 3 3 (1, 1, 1) (1, 2) [6, 3, 3] Optimal 3 6 (1, 2, 2, 1) (1, 2) [12, 8, 3] Optimal 3 6 (1, 1, 0, 2, 2) (1, 2) [12, 7, 4] Optimal 3 8 (1, 2) (1, 1, 0, 1, 2) [16, 11, 4] Optimal 3 8 (1, 2) (1, 2, 0, 2) [16, 12, 3] Optimal 3 13 (1, 0, 2, 2) (1, 2) [26, 22, 3] Optimal 9 8 (1, w, w(5), 2) (1, w(6)) [16, 12, 4] Optimal 9 10 (1, w(2), w(6), 2) (1, 2) [20, 16, 4] Optimal","Then by Theorem 9, the Gray image φ(C) is an LCD code with parameters [9, 6, 3], which is an optimal code by [16]."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":51768167,"citingcorpusid":14492629,"citedcorpusid":153621270,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In this digital age, the absence of information security in a certain company implies that the entire company is built on a fragile foundation such that it cannot survive any related internal control tests [4]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3732803691,"citingcorpusid":248479751,"citedcorpusid":164280455,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2819105471,"citingcorpusid":28510471,"citedcorpusid":1516228,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In addition to its involvement in a variety of endocrine and autonomic functions (for a review, see Canteras et al., 1994), the VMN is known to play an important role in the mediation of sexual receptivity in the female rat (Pfaff and Sakuma, 1979a,b).","However, it has also been demonstrated that the intra-VMN projections tend to be segregated within each\npart of the nucleus (Canteras et al., 1994), which suggests that the estrogen influences are likely to be mediated by the projections it receives from other regions of the brain.","…two distinct divisions, the dorsomedial and the ventrolateral, which are separated by a cell-poor central zone (Saper et al., 1976; Bleier et al., 1979; Simerly, 1995), also named the central part of the VMN (Gurdijan, 1927; Broadwell and Bleier, 1976; Bleier et al., 1979; Canteras et al., 1994).","As this zone does not reach the anterior pole of the nucleus, the dorsomedial and the ventrolateral divisions merge rostrally, leading to the formation of a cell arrangement, named the anterior division of the VMN (Van Houten and Brawer, 1978; Canteras et al., 1994; Simerly, 1995).","…central, and ventrolateral parts (Van Houten and Brawer, 1978), which also differ with respect to the connections they establish (Saper et al., 1976; Canteras et al., 1994) and the gonadal hormone receptors they express (Simerly et al., 1990; DonCarlos et al., 1991; Yokosuka et al., 1997)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2819105420,"citingcorpusid":28510471,"citedcorpusid":7597092,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…January 2001; Accepted 3 January 2001\n© 2001 WILEY-LISS, INC.\nthat the actions of estrogen in the VMN are crucial for the promotion of this behavior (Rubin and Barfield, 1980; Davis et al., 1982), a number of investigators have examined the estrogen effects upon the structural organization of the…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2275491426,"citingcorpusid":21741130,"citedcorpusid":94844163,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3201150218,"citingcorpusid":228874276,"citedcorpusid":98495014,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":4050813772,"citingcorpusid":256418574,"citedcorpusid":246048760,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2 (Jia et al. 2021),\n0Q k Q  (2)\nwhere k adjustment coefficient of hydration heat for different dosage, Q0 is the total hydration heat, and Portland cement with Q0 equal to 375kJ/kg) was used."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3994752750,"citingcorpusid":254191234,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several studies documented the effects of phytochemical sexual enhancers on the longevity of tephritid flies (Raghu et al. 2002; Wee et al. 2007; San Andrés et al. 2009; Shelly et al. 2010; Kumaran 2014; Gerofotis et al. 2016; Shelly and Nishimoto 2016; Akter et al. 2017; Kouloussis et al. 2017) and showed that the effects appear to be strongly modulated by the male nutritional status and the dose of the administrated phytochemical.","In search of the potential use of phytochemicals exposure to accelerate sexual maturation, it was found that Bactrocera tryoni males that were provided a diet supplemented with raspberry ketone (RK) showed both an improved sexual performance and an accelerated sexual maturation (Akter et al. 2017; Khan et al. 2019)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3994752693,"citingcorpusid":254191234,"citedcorpusid":90243264,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several studies documented the effects of phytochemical sexual enhancers on the longevity of tephritid flies (Raghu et al. 2002; Wee et al. 2007; San Andrés et al. 2009; Shelly et al. 2010; Kumaran 2014; Gerofotis et al. 2016; Shelly and Nishimoto 2016; Akter et al. 2017; Kouloussis et al. 2017) and showed that the effects appear to be strongly modulated by the male nutritional status and the dose of the administrated phytochemical.","2010; Kumaran 2014; Gerofotis et al."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3148350747,"citingcorpusid":214143907,"citedcorpusid":165203315,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["relatively common at this point in time, the most famous perhaps being John Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi, which has notably been connected to the case by Sara Jayne Steen (Steen, 1991).","Exchanges 2020 7(2), pp. 182-199\nPlays inspired by popular interest in the case of Lady Arbella Stuart were relatively common at this point in time, the most famous perhaps being John Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi, which has notably been connected to the case by Sara Jayne Steen (Steen, 1991)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3102951588,"citingcorpusid":120004844,"citedcorpusid":121038593,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":78165524,"citingcorpusid":29687255,"citedcorpusid":13928621,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":7551135,"citingcorpusid":10258460,"citedcorpusid":23898242,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Importantly, Ste20p-likep kinases are themselves under the control of upstream kinases, such as with no lysine (K) kinases, WNK1 and WNK4, suggesting a cascade of phosphorylation events involving multiple kinases (15, 26, 35).","Our laboratory and others have started identifying some of the molecules that interact and regulate the cotransporter (2, 10, 13, 15, 26, 29, 30, 35, 36)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1654488463,"citingcorpusid":90756245,"citedcorpusid":3973375,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Huber-Pestalozzi (1955) and Starmach (1983), compiling data on the euglenophytes of almost the whole globe, greatly contributed to the development of research on euglenoids.","Taxa were identified according to Starmach (1983) and Karnkowska-Ishikawa et al. (2013). Identified taxa were checked against the checklist of Aysel (2005) and the database of Turkish algae (Gönülol, 2016), and determined as new taxa for Turkish freshwater algal flora."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1641999954,"citingcorpusid":84435404,"citedcorpusid":3973375,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["9) (Huber-Pestalozzi 1968, 230, 49: 243a).","3) (Huber-Pestalozzi 1968, 130, 17: 106b) [Syn.","6a-b) (Huber-Pestalozzi 1968, 200, 33: 183A, a-e) Cells spherical to ovoid, dorsiventrally little to moderately flattened off, apical opening absent; chromatophores brown; sutures very wide with striations; cells 53 µm long, 48-51 µm broad.","(Huber-Pestalozzi 1968, 218, 43: 216b) Cells round, dorsiventrally little flattened, opening present at apex of epivalve, regularly rounded, both the valves nearly half circle.","7)\n(Huber-Pestalozzi 1968, 240-242, 54: 264a) Cells elongate ovoid, dorsiventrally prominently flattened; with apical opening; epivalve cone shaped; apical pole pointed.","(Huber-Pestalozzi 1968, 131, 17: 107) Cells somewhat spherical, anterior and posterior parts almost equal in dimension, posterior end more rounded than anterior end.","10) (Huber-Pestalozzi 1968, 260, 277,1) Cells robust, dorsiventrally strongly flattened; apical horn long, narrow, with apical pores; antapical horns 2, short, straight, ends pointed and run parallel to the apical axis.","4)\n(Huber-Pestalozzi 1968, 214, 41: 210c) Cells ovoid, dorsiventrally little flattened, epivalve nearly cone shaped, hypovalve slightly smaller, almost hemispherical.","8a-b)\n(Huber-Pestalozzi 1968, 202, 35: 188a) Cells nearly spherical, apical opening missing, epi and hypovalves different in shape but with both ends truncated cone, hump like contour; plates strongly areolated, sutures wide with mostly very wide striations strips; cells 61 - 66 µm long, 61 - 64 µm…","1a-b) (Huber-Pestalozzi 1968, 127, 15: 99b; Ling and Tyler 2000, 61, 23: 1) *Corresponding author."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1877495618,"citingcorpusid":3328728,"citedcorpusid":7830024,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The MRI with FLAIR/diffusion-weighted imaging hyperintensities of the basal ganglia and the cortical ribbon sign as seen in CJD can also be present in some patients with LGI1 antibodies, and in both conditions, the basic CSF parameters are often normal (Geschwind et al., 2008; Vitali et al., 2011).","…in antibody-mediated disorders, but can be part of a wider encephalopathic picture in association with LGI1/CASPR2, NMDAR and DPPX antibodies (Tan et al., 2008; Boronat et al., 2013; Mohammad et al., 2014a, b; Tobin et al., 2014) Similarly,\ntremor is often part of the presentation of…","More frequently, however, myoclonus has been reported in LGI1- and CASPR2antibody-associated encephalitis, an important mimic of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) (Geschwind et al., 2008; Tan et al., 2008).","Tremor has not been described as an isolated manifestation in antibody-mediated disorders, but can be part of a wider encephalopathic picture in association with LGI1/CASPR2, NMDAR and DPPX antibodies (Tan et al., 2008; Boronat et al., 2013; Mohammad et al., 2014a, b; Tobin et al., 2014) Similarly, tremor is often part of the presentation of meningoencephalomyelitis (or limited forms) with GFAP antibodies, frequently featuring a characteristic MRI with radial linear periventricular or cerebellar gadolinium enhancement (Fang et al."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1593826809,"citingcorpusid":12021396,"citedcorpusid":19450975,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The 3 genes share considerable structural similarity. They share 79–90p identity at the amino acid level and 81–91p identity at the nucleotide levels ["],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":476390397,"citingcorpusid":53538913,"citedcorpusid":19450975,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[16 -18 ] The PON1-Q192R polymorphism affects PON1 activity towards paraoxon, diazoxon, soman and sarin and is associated with coronary artery disease, stroke, familial hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes.[14-23] Some studies document that PON1-192 is involved in CAD risk only when other factors like diabetes, smoking and diet are present (19-23).","1).[15] Paraoxonase protects both low density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL from oxidation."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":101179362,"citingcorpusid":28299244,"citedcorpusid":19450975,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This property enabled investigators to propose that PON1 plays a key role in the protection against atherosclerosis and its related systemic diseases [1].","Their genes are located adjacent to each other on chromosome 7q21-22 [1,2]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3334617323,"citingcorpusid":234111338,"citedcorpusid":19450975,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The PON gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 7 in humans [30, 31]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":347491348,"citingcorpusid":9979278,"citedcorpusid":19450975,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is a Cadependent arylesterase glycoprotein with 355 amino acids (43– 45 kDa), expressed mainly in liver (Furlong et al., 1991; Hassett et al., 1991; Kuo and La Du, 1995; Primo-Parmo et al., 1996).","It is a Ca2+dependent arylesterase glycoprotein with 355 amino acids (43– 45 kDa), expressed mainly in liver (Furlong et al., 1991; Hassett et al., 1991; Kuo and La Du, 1995; Primo-Parmo et al., 1996).","In humans, the paraoxonase gene family has three members, PON1, 2 and 3 with 65% amino acid similarity, but with different functions (Draganov et al., 2005; Primo-Parmo et al., 1996)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":333994969,"citingcorpusid":11157407,"citedcorpusid":17045932,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is, among other things, a local electronic filing cabinet[18, 23]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2711566818,"citingcorpusid":145439510,"citedcorpusid":141855535,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While people form groups for a wide variety of reasons, groups are often formed when individuals collaborate, when they work together (Bratman 1992, 1999; Gilbert 1996, 2000; Tuomela 1991, 1995; Velleman 1997)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2594092894,"citingcorpusid":43122832,"citedcorpusid":82481597,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, a highyielding line carrying Ur1 has been selected as a candidate for com mercial variety from the progeny of the cross of ‘Nishiikari’ × an isogenic line of Taichung 65 carrying both Ur1 and sd1-d (MURAI et al. 2005a).","(2005a) reported that a candidate of com mercial variety for southern Japan possessing both high yielding ability caused by Ur1 and high eating quality has been developed from the progeny of the cross of N × T (MURAI et al. 2005a)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1867949565,"citingcorpusid":23211632,"citedcorpusid":17426594,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Physically moderate or heavy work 14 (40) Pain duration (y) (mean±SD) 3."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3368288834,"citingcorpusid":235545475,"citedcorpusid":17426594,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2009) and different dimensions of health and well-being, such as pain (Hallman et al., 2011), stress and anxiety (Goessl et al.","…improvements in cognitive and emotional functioning (McCraty et al., 2009) and different dimensions of health and well-being, such as pain (Hallman et al., 2011), stress and anxiety (Goessl et al., 2017; G. Henriques et al., 2011), depression (Caldwell & Steffen, 2018; Karavidas et al.,…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1106071067,"citingcorpusid":1848825,"citedcorpusid":14067003,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A popular summary statistic reflecting exemplar discriminability among a set of experimental conditions from the same category is what we denote as the “exemplar discriminability index” (EDI; e.g. Sayres and Grill-Spector, 2008; Schwarzlose et al., 2008; Chan et al., 2010; Kravitz et al., 2010, Lee et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1135058615,"citingcorpusid":18669309,"citedcorpusid":60453767,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However, the difficulties of solving PLF equations by the convolution of PDFs of input power variables are mainly twofold [2][14]: a) LF equations (1)-(5) are non-linear b) input power variables at different buses are usually not","Reference [2] also summarizes main techniques of PLF published before 1987.","The dispatching law can be approximated by a linear equation which includes a component R that represents the change of generation due to the change of load and another component ∆PG that represents the redistribution of the power generation due to generation outages [2].","Another method is also discussed in [2], which assumes that the balancing of the power is only a function of the sum of the power inputs and the outputs, instead of the balancing at each individual bus.","In parallel, a similar technique called SLF has also been developed to deal with the same problems [2].","The probabilistic approach has a solid mathematical background and has been applied to power systems in different areas [2]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3743333364,"citingcorpusid":20176308,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In 1938, Müller first described the disease as a hereditary error in metabolism that leads to the presence of tendinous xanthomas, elevations in plasma cholesterol, and acute myocardial infarction in young patients.(2) Later, Kachadurian defined the clinical and genetic characteristics of the disease and differentiated the heterozygous from the homozygous form in affected Lebanese families."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3938865011,"citingcorpusid":245968626,"citedcorpusid":4661661,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Prior empirical works have shown the benefits of embedding LD in LA such as improving predictive accuracy of academic performance (Gaševic ́ et al., 2016), understanding the impact of LD on student engagement, satisfaction, and performance (Rienties & Toetenel, 2016), exploring the variety of…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1595702009,"citingcorpusid":81588781,"citedcorpusid":3293088,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some studies have shown that with this procedure, the previously determined size was modified at surgery in almost 80% of femurs and more than 50% of tibias [20], which prevents adequate preoperative planning [21]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2381688413,"citingcorpusid":219677751,"citedcorpusid":147177439,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In this respect, it is striking that many studies are examining the role of religiousness in conflicts between spouses (Dudley & Kosinski, 1990; Myers, 2006).","For example, in their study on the effect of religiosity on marriage, Dudley and Kosinski (1990) emphasized that religiousness reinforced ideas such as “think of the needs of others, be more loving, be more forgiving, treat each other with respect, and resolve”, which in turn made couples more…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1781967866,"citingcorpusid":7573481,"citedcorpusid":206537134,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In vitro, targeting HER3using siRNAs and antisense deoxyoligonucleotides (AS-ODNs) potently inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in cells sensitive and insensitive to EGFR and HER2 inhibitors (5, 13, 17, 22, 23).","In addition, siRNA and short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-directed downmodulation of HER3 resulted in tumor growth inhibition in lung adenocarcinoma (22) and decreased disease progression as well as prolonged survival in xenograft mouse models of ovarian cancer (13) or of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer (5).","Some preclinical data have been generated to suggest that the expression of ligand neuregulin-1 is associated with the activation of HER3 in ovarian (13) and head and neck cancer (14)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3914967202,"citingcorpusid":250073024,"citedcorpusid":231861912,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, it has some limitations, such as broken hierarchies, inaccurate bounding box boundaries, and inconsistencies in the class labels of similar objects (Bunian et al., 2021).","However, it has some limitations, such as broken hierarchies, inaccurate bounding box boundaries and inconsistencies with the class label of similar objects [Bunian et al., 2021]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1003446295,"citingcorpusid":76650166,"citedcorpusid":137623770,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[11,12] Generally, the addition of nanofillers such as nanotubes and nanoparticles is the most efficient approach to enhance the mechanical properties and the interfacial adhesion, since the combination of conventional fiber and nanofillers in the polymer matrices led to a new generation of multiscale, multifunctional materials with a high performance.[13,14] Also, it is demonstrated that the addition of the nano-scale particles in the matrix can increase the toughness of the matrix and improve the interface properties of composites."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3991960030,"citingcorpusid":247983586,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For track segments and signals, failures rates are estimated based on the number of reported failures and the approximate number of elements in the UK network as given in [45]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":911130050,"citingcorpusid":62477108,"citedcorpusid":60662494,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Thus, the delay between the sampling time and zero crossing can be used to advance or retard a sample clock [22, 26, 35].","The early-late synchronization technique also relies on the property that, when averaged over a number of symbols, the absolute value of the amplitude of a signal is highest at the optimum sample point [27, 22].","Pertinent information on symbol timing synchronization is given by Sampei [22], D’Andrea et al. [23, 24, 25], Proakis [10], Webb [9], Waskowic [26], and\n8\nGates [27].","Pertinent information on symbol timing synchronization is given by Sampei [22], D’Andrea et al."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2631011876,"citingcorpusid":73178542,"citedcorpusid":23776619,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Younger patients were less likely to present with a single tumor, a finding consistent with the compelling evidence linking young age to unfavourable presentation of HCC [19–21]."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":1181387165,"citingcorpusid":121280550,"citedcorpusid":184680,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1 Radiation pattern for a SAR antenna Suppose a planar radar antenna is set up and the current density I is constant over an aperture 1⁄2−a; a × 1⁄2−b; b in the plane formed by b e1 and b e2, then the radiation scalar Fðk; xÞ can be expressed by(19) Fðk; xÞ 1⁄4 Z a −a Z b −b eikx̂·ðs1b e1þs2b e2ÞIds1ds2 1⁄4 I1⁄22a sincðkax̂c · e2Þ 1⁄22b sincðkbx̂c · e1Þ ; (10) where sincðxÞ 1⁄4 sinðπxÞ πx , ê 1⁄4 ðê1; ê2Þ is corresponding to the antenna direction."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3012354386,"citingcorpusid":14251482,"citedcorpusid":206629386,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Termination of transduced signals between receptors and enzyme effectors is postulated to be achieved through hydrolysis of GTP by endogenous GTPase activity of normal ras proteins, ras genes bearing point mutations, generally at codons 12 or 61, have been isolated from a wide range of tumors and have been shown to transform human and rodent cells (4, 30, 45,  57 , 58).","N-ras mRNA was measured using a 665 base-pair Sal I/Eco RI fragment from a human N-ras cDNA containing exons II, III and IV ( 57 , 58)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2965376857,"citingcorpusid":153946995,"citedcorpusid":154341406,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In monetary economics there is a class of models where money is the only asset and money is used to smooth consumption in the presence of idiosyncratic income uncertainty, e.g. Lucas (1980), Bewley (1980)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":906959236,"citingcorpusid":453375,"citedcorpusid":13956928,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Multiple mtDNA deletions also occur in somatic tissue of all individuals and accumulate with age [8-11]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3638007388,"citingcorpusid":245589937,"citedcorpusid":154341406,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Lucas (1980a; 1984) cites Clower (1967) and Grandmont and Younes (1972, 1973) and a further history back to 1940 for foundations.","As Lucas (1980b) summarizes:\nNevertheless, research based on the idea of rational expectations has played a role in buttressing the case for thinking about policy, as Friedman argued we should, as a problem in selecting stable, predictable policy rules.","The economy of Lucas (1980a), abbreviated as L80 below, uses an exchange approach that differs from the 1972 contribution."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3008478577,"citingcorpusid":150969406,"citedcorpusid":154341406,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…explicitly recognizes the existence of only one good, it is intended to serve a simplified representation - one formally justified by the analysis of Lucas (1980) - of an economy in which the household sells its specialized output and makes purchases (at constant relative prices) of a large\n118"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2639406574,"citingcorpusid":14207904,"citedcorpusid":16419393,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…the majority of cobblestone cortex-causative genes identified encode proteins that are directly or indirectly involved in pial BM organization (Georges-Labouesse et al., 1998; Costell et al., 1999; De Arcangelis et al., 1999; Graus-Porta et al., 2001; Halfter et al., 2002; Beggs et al., 2003;…","…protruded at regions of defective BM, it is clear that the normal anchorage of radial glial endfeet is relevant to the presence of intact pial BM (Georges-Labouesse et al., 1998; Graus-Porta et al., 2001; Halfter et al., 2002; Beggs et al., 2003; Niewmierzycka et al., 2005; Haubst et al., 2006;…","…including ECM constituents (laminin, nidogen, and perlecan) and laminin receptors ( -dystroglycan and some integrin family members) (Georges-Labouesse et al., 1998; Costell et al., 1999; De Arcangelis et al., 1999; Graus-Porta et al., 2001; Halfter et al., 2002; Beggs et al., 2003;…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2059409035,"citingcorpusid":219107211,"citedcorpusid":40254059,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["by [15, 16], who developed Compusketch, a computerized version of the Photofit system, which is used to create composite facial photographs.","A mechanism where query images are submitted as color sketches was applied in the works by[15] [16] [17] [18] [19], however, the user is severely limited in having to expand his or her needed information through this querying mechanism."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":942636600,"citingcorpusid":13502853,"citedcorpusid":7419438,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, Campbell and colleagues [13] reported that discharge to a high-dependency unit was an independent risk factor for early ICU re-admission, suggesting that these patients had been discharged prematurely; importantly, as mentioned earlier, ICU readmission is associated with increased mortality rates [10]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2273015436,"citingcorpusid":132566032,"citedcorpusid":23697726,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Given that warming was\nnot synchronous globally (Bauch and Erlenkeuser, 2008; Cortese et al., 2007; Dahl-Jensen et al., 2013; Govin et al.,\n2012; Masson-Delmotte et al., 2010; Mor et al., 2012; Winsor et al., 2012), these syntheses do not represent a\nspecific time slice."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4016225293,"citingcorpusid":254932929,"citedcorpusid":15961615,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(275)\nLevy (2007) argues that this entails an expansion of neuroethical concern:\nNeuroethics focuses ethical thought on the physical substrate subserving cognition, but if we accept that this substrate includes not only brains, but also material culture, and even social structures, we see that…","This presupposition is most evident in the Bextensionist^ framework for CE (Clark 2007; Levy 2007; Heersmink 2011; Kiran and Verbeek 2010).","My concern here is to elucidate the importance of the extended cognition framework in discussions of cognitive enhancement, which several philosophers have already noted (Buller 2013; Clark 2007; Heersmink 2011; Heersmink 2013; Levy 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":475129637,"citingcorpusid":46390423,"citedcorpusid":10946233,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The molecular mechanisms of HPV-induced carcinogenesis have been extensively investigated by focusing on HPV oncoproteins, E6 and E7 (Yugawa & Kiyono, 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3760757287,"citingcorpusid":227590077,"citedcorpusid":23229322,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["have been conflicting, some showing an association and others not.([15-18]) Therefore, the study aim was to clarify the association of CKD with hip fracture incidence and mortality.","In keeping with some but not all,([15,17,18]) reports, we have shown that hip fracture incidence is increased in individuals with CKD.","5 SD below the genderspecific age 20 to 29 reference mean).([15]) For women, osteoporosis was considered present at a BMD <0."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2308684060,"citingcorpusid":185019210,"citedcorpusid":143730280,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However, EMDR therapy has also been found to be more efficient and more widely tolerated (has a lesser drop-out rate) without the client’s need for 1-2 hours of daily homework as in prolonged exposure (e.g., de Roos and De Jongh 2008; Ironson et al. 2002; Jaberghaderi et al. 2004; Lee et al. 2002; Power et al. 2002).","1997) • Borderline personality disorder (Brown and Shapiro 2006) • Choking phobia (de Roos and de Jongh 2008; Schurmans 2007) • Deliberate self-harm (McLaughlin et al.","Examples of diagnoses and disorders other than PTSD that were treated with EMDR therapy include:\n• Body dysmorphic disorder (Brown et al. 1997) • Borderline personality disorder (Brown and Shapiro 2006) • Choking phobia (de Roos and de Jongh 2008; Schurmans 2007) • Deliberate self-harm (McLaughlin et al. 2008) • Domestic violence perpetration and victimization (Stowasser 2007)\n• Eating disorders (Beer 2005; Bloomgarden and Calogero 2008) • Obsessive compulsive disorder (Whisman 1997; Whisman and Keller 1999) • Phobias (de Jongh 2003; de Jongh and ten Broeke 2007) • Panic disorder (Fernandez and Faretta 2007; Feske and Goldstein 1997;\nWhisman 1997) • Pathological gambling (Henry 1996) • Phantom limb pain (Russell 2008; Schneider et al. 2007; Tinker and Wilson\n2005; Wilensky 2006) • Sex offender treatment (Ricci 2006; Ricci et al. 2006).","…Body dysmorphic disorder (Brown et al. 1997) • Borderline personality disorder (Brown and Shapiro 2006) • Choking phobia (de Roos and de Jongh 2008; Schurmans 2007) • Deliberate self-harm (McLaughlin et al. 2008) • Domestic violence perpetration and victimization (Stowasser 2007)\n• Eating…"],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":358569916,"citingcorpusid":655791,"citedcorpusid":12704543,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In our examples, we have used a mass-spring model similar to the one used by Provot [Pro95] or Bridson et al. [BFA02] for cloth, and the linear co-rotational FE model of Müller and Gross [MG04] for volumetric deformable objects.","If necessary, one could add a bullet-proof step as rigid impact zones [Pro95, BFA02] or the improved method of Harmon et al. [HVTG08].","Provot introduced methods for dealing with competing constraints through rigid impact zones [Pro95], or through iterative application of impulses [Pro97]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1069133935,"citingcorpusid":125776949,"citedcorpusid":121649161,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["And now the battle is joined—see Earman 1989, Norton 1989, Belot 1995b, and Norton 1989, Belot 1995afor criticisms of some of the above approaches."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2830176447,"citingcorpusid":221493305,"citedcorpusid":141185256,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In the field of practice, Battistini (1995) studied the application of OBE in the classroom, and pointed out that although its implementation involved groups, the most critical task and role in the classroom\nDOI: 10.4236/ce.2020.118103 1409 Creative Education\nwas the teacher."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1919223274,"citingcorpusid":26814614,"citedcorpusid":33585760,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Rome Criteria, although being a general guide for diagnosing C-IBS versus D-IBS, still can only provide direction toward relieving symptoms of constipation with stool softeners or prokinetics.(15) The treatment would not be tailored toward effectively treating a causative factor in IBS."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1726144517,"citingcorpusid":136629872,"citedcorpusid":12903175,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Species such as sodium azide [19] (NaN3) and peroxynitrite [20](ONOO−) have been shown to damage cells under culture conditions."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":837502373,"citingcorpusid":52266451,"citedcorpusid":153972998,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["After this article some researchers worked on the mentioned situation because of its simplicity and practical value, for instance, Goyal and Cárdenas-Barrón (2002) corrected the model provided by Salameh and Jaber (2000), Papachristos and Konstantaras (2006) extended mentioned model by…"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3811647793,"citingcorpusid":250121954,"citedcorpusid":83324206,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Collaboration with other citizen groups or NGOs can offer opportunities to increase the impact of their activities (Franklin and Marsden 2015).","Collaboration between citizens and authorities can lead to important mutual benefits (De Wilde et al. 2014, Franklin and Marsden 2015) and active citizens also expect authorities to be responsive toward their activities (Mattijssen et al. 2019)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1707308151,"citingcorpusid":73658705,"citedcorpusid":205739602,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The model has also proven useful in dissecting the role of poor prognostic biomarkers, such as BRMS1 and FSP1, in vitro [22,28], and for the identification and functional assessment of novel biomarkers of progression from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive disease with both three-dimensional (3D) culture and in vivo models [21,23,29]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":4017288746,"citingcorpusid":254977981,"citedcorpusid":79797860,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Socially engaged students focus on the social system of college life—they actively engage with college affiliated clubs or sports, or participate in or attend campus arts, drama, or theatrical productions (Tinto 1993).","Tinto further delineates two distinct categories of engagement—academic engagement and social engagement (Tinto 1993)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3868390343,"citingcorpusid":251438369,"citedcorpusid":210075207,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["maternal mortality, cesarean section preferences, maternal mental health, and some neonatal health indicators such as congenital anomalies and anthropometric outcomes (Liang et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019; Li et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Lu et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2020).","…mortality, cesarean section preferences, maternal mental health, and some neonatal health indicators such as congenital anomalies and anthropometric outcomes (Liang et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019; Li et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Lu et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2020)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1049145921,"citingcorpusid":109930976,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Laser power Control\nLaser power modulation on slower timescales can be brought about by mechanical devices such as filter wheels, graded neutral density filters, or rotating half-wave-plate/polarizer combinations (Denk, 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2762998331,"citingcorpusid":12474882,"citedcorpusid":144974578,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…organizations such as Greenpeace, World Wildlife Fund, and Rainforest Action Network have learned—through their contact with Southern activists—to emphasize the links between environmental degradation and the protection of human rights (e.g., Brysk 1996; Rothman and Oliver 2002; Warkentin 2000).","Jackie Smith270 Exploring Connections Between Global Integration 271\nenvironmental degradation (See, e.g., Brysk 1996; Rothman and Oliver 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2272649359,"citingcorpusid":151828868,"citedcorpusid":144974578,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Después de 3 años de intensos esfuerzos, el pueblo amuesha de la Amazonía Peruana Central creó el Congreso de Comunidades Amuesha (Brysk, 1996, p. 40)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1040494002,"citingcorpusid":103766280,"citedcorpusid":98607165,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These asymmetric (reducing on one side and oxidizing on the other) conditions result in\n30\nchanges in rate-determining charge carriers as a function of position within the membrane (Li and Iglesia, 2003, Waser, 1988)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2339637975,"citingcorpusid":147476539,"citedcorpusid":127627568,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The scar may also be seen to mark the interface between bodily interior and exterior: ‘Like skin, a scar mediates between the outside and the inside, but it also materially produces, changes, and overwrites its site’ (Küppers, 2007: 1)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1613950846,"citingcorpusid":198412097,"citedcorpusid":129651354,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["An analysis of the benefits of using SAR images for flood mapping in Bangladesh was conducted using RADARSAT images from 1998–2004 and indicated strong applicability to flood response [32,33].","In support of ground data, Hoque, Nakayama, Matsuyama and Matsumoto [32] analyzed RADARSAT images to produce inundation maps from 2000–2004 and proposed unique flood hazard maps of the north-eastern region of Bangladesh.","Most of the studies have published their flood mapping results ten years after a flood event [32]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3700205837,"citingcorpusid":247479123,"citedcorpusid":121253931,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(8)\nρ\nρ s [s (t) , s (t+∆t)][\nρ (t+∆t)−ρ (t)]sw Therefore, the SUDRM first generates the moisture trajectory for the target location by the moisture tracking method (Vries and Döös, 2001) and then calculates along the moisture trajectory by approximating Eq.","ρ s [s (t) , s (t+∆t)] [ ρ (t+∆t)−ρ (t)]sw Therefore, the SUDRM first generates the moisture trajectory for the target location by the moisture tracking method (Vries and Döös, 2001) and then calculates along the moisture trajectory by approximating Eq."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":172982024,"citingcorpusid":13925019,"citedcorpusid":9710341,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, seedlings of tree species are important to the formation and development of a forest, but to our knowledge only two of the studies that investigated patterns of phylogenetic structure across a series of different size classes of tree stems have included seedlings [19, 25].","Furthermore, few studies have included seedlings (but see [19, 25])."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":172982366,"citingcorpusid":13925019,"citedcorpusid":86183040,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We suspect that the lack of influence of forest gap as compared with forest understory and the lack of influence of forest gap size on seedling phylogenetic relatedness in this forest might be partly due to the prevalent limitation in seed dispersal in both forest gaps and forest understory of this forest [63].","[63] compared the seed arrival patterns in forest gaps with forest understory in the studied forest, and found that both forest gaps and forest understory were subjected to dispersal limitation."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3687281736,"citingcorpusid":235965009,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Population nonsynonymous mutations Previously-published VCF files containing sequence data and collection locations were downloaded for 1119 Arabidopsis [33], 31 maize [34], and 567 poplar accessions [35,36]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3387372890,"citingcorpusid":207858028,"citedcorpusid":12609336,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["genetic stocks of valuable domestic or wild animals [1–3] under adverse conditions [4] and also 3 as an alternative source of gametes in cases of hum an infertility [5,6]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3788816931,"citingcorpusid":249544543,"citedcorpusid":73492587,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The team (1) conducted home visits, (2) scheduled and accompanied patients to initial primary and specialty care visits to ensure that such appointments are kept and that the patient understands any instructions given during the appointment, (3) coordinated follow-up care and medication management (medication reconciliations), (4) measured blood pressure and blood sugar levels when appropriate, (5) coached patients in disease-specific self care, (6) helped patients apply for social services (e."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1868925792,"citingcorpusid":214793989,"citedcorpusid":144548393,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…management could\nbe progressed with eco-tourism policies that utilize ecological assets such as ecological parks and mud flats near rice paddies; promoting cultural ecosystem services for tourists provides both provisioning and cultural services (Tempesta et al. 2010; Winkler and Nicholas 2016).","In agriculture districts (cluster 4), landscape management could be progressed with eco-tourism policies that utilize ecological assets such as ecological parks and mud flats near rice paddies; promoting cultural ecosystem services for tourists provides both provisioning and cultural services (Tempesta et al. 2010; Winkler and Nicholas 2016)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3908415382,"citingcorpusid":252050172,"citedcorpusid":44919003,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["canis disulfide bond formation protein (DsbA) (22) diluted 1:100 was","The presence of gp19 on ehrlichiae, the fibrillar matrix, and the morula membrane was further corroborated with immunofluorescence using dual staining with Dsb, which is not secreted and is present on both reticulate and dense-cored organisms (22)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":306498343,"citingcorpusid":17286392,"citedcorpusid":41239279,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["First, the discharge rate of the RA is not strictly linearly related to velocity, in that it starts out slowly at threshold and is saturated at higher velocities (e.g., Knibestol, 1973).","The discharge rate of an RA increases monotonically with indentation velocity from threshold to saturation (Knibestol, 1973; Pubols and Pubols, 1976; Franzen et al., 1984).","Response thresholds for indentation velocity can vary widely, for example, from below 4 mm/set to as high as 39 mm/set (cf. this study; Knibestol, 1973)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1780405450,"citingcorpusid":210925752,"citedcorpusid":11504971,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["CK2 directly phosphorylates NF-κB p65 and IκB to enhance NF-κB signaling, and phosphorylates AKT to activate the mTOR pathway.(8) Our previous studies provided the first evidence that CK2 is critical for activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in tumor cells and T cells.","Cells were stained with Annexin V APC (BioLegend, San Diego, CA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol and analyzed by flow cytometry, as previously demonstrated.(8) For the in vivo apoptosis assay, naive CD4CD25CD45RB T cells were transferred into sex- and agematched Rag1 mice."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2166618841,"citingcorpusid":54061958,"citedcorpusid":53119409,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["VLBI observations of Cen A have probed its morphology in multiple wavelengths from 13cm to 7mm (Tingay et al. 1998, 2001; Horiuchi et al. 2006; Müller et al. 2011, 2014).","…boosting from relativistic motion of the jet does not appear to be important for this source (δ∼1; Tingay et al. 1998; Meisenheimer et al. 2007; Müller et al. 2014), so the brightness temperature does indicate that the region is near equipartition and it is likely that the amount of energy…","…& Murphy 2001; Tingay et al. 2001) at wavelengths as short as 7mm (Kellermann et al. 1997), observations of Cen A have been mostly limited to longer wavelength VLBI arrays located in the southern hemisphere (e.g., Tingay et al. 1998;\nMüller et al. 2011, 2014) due to its low declination of −43°.","The nucleus of Cen A is known to be variable on daily to yearly timescales at different wavelengths (Wade et al. 1971; Kellermann 1974; Meier et al. 1989; Botti & Abraham 1993; Israel et al. 2008; Müller et al. 2014).","Tingay et al. (1998) and Müller et al. (2014) find that there is a compact component within the jet structure.","VLBI imaging of Cen A at wavelengths longer than 1.3 cm reveals that its inner jet structure has a number of jet components emerging from a bright core (Tingay et al. 1998, 2001; Horiuchi et al. 2006; Müller et al. 2011, 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2268866931,"citingcorpusid":119179920,"citedcorpusid":53119409,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Errors were independently estimated for several test epochs using the techniques described by Müller et al. (2014) and Schinzel et al. (2012) with a conservative 10σ error on separations, and 5σ errors on component sizes assumed (e.g., Boccardi et al. 2016)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3948987875,"citingcorpusid":242128557,"citedcorpusid":126366208,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Using the DMRT-QCA snowpack emission model, the algorithm is applied at frequency channels and incident angles of the global precipitation measurement (GPM, [17]) Microwave Imager (GMI, 10–166 GHz)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3147007404,"citingcorpusid":219422471,"citedcorpusid":126366208,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission were both conceived to improve the understanding of the precipitation distribution and variability in the current climate system (Kummerow et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2012; Skofronick-Jackson et al., 2017)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1077139949,"citingcorpusid":119130687,"citedcorpusid":119317350,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["e N( ) is a bound on the total number of vertices a translation of may have and still potentially be cyclotomic. It is calculated according to the results of [CMS11], using the algorithm described in [PT12].4 We then look at each of the Vnitely many translates remaining, and check whether each has cyclotomicindex. Thereareineverycaseveryfewtranslationswhichmayhavecyclotomicindex, andallare signiVcantly ",". In fact, in practice we see that the set of irreducible factors of the quotient of this characteristic polynomial by the minimal polynomial of the index is periodic in the 4Since the publication of [PT12], we discovered a potentially signiVcant error in the code used in that paper, in particular in the BoundR1 function. While Vxing this error was essential for the following calculations, fortuitously ","s technique is a signiVcant generalisation of and improvement over the main result of [CMS11] which in turn was developed to treat uniformly the vines in the 34 classiVcation of subfactors to index 5 [PT12]. As discussed in the introduction, we hope that it will be possible to implement this technique to treat uniformly cylinders (stable weeds) as we treat vines now. Theorem 5.2. There are no subfactor ","cle [CG15] shows that any subfactor principal graph which is a translated extension of the AMP spider must have b 56. This reduces this weed to 56 vines, which we deal with using the algorithms from [PT12]. The only cyclotomic translates are when (a;b) 2f(0;0);(1;1)g. This calculation is performed in the Mathematica notebook CalegariGuoSmallCases.nb bundled with the arXiv source. We now eliminate the t"],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3158735137,"citingcorpusid":182615245,"citedcorpusid":126366208,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Currently there are two National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) spaceborne platforms with instruments capable of observing falling snow: CloudSat (Stephens et al. 2002, 2008) and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission (Hou et al. 2014; Skofronick-Jackson et al. 2017)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":536560459,"citingcorpusid":53991067,"citedcorpusid":569068,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["ACT appears to be a promising intervention to effectively lower smoking rates among chronic pain patients, a group that may have particular difficulty with quitting smoking according to research evidence (Fishbain et al., 2007; Hooten et al., 2009).","…analgesic effects in animal studies (Rowley, Payappilly, Lu, & Flood, 2008; Sahley & Berntson, 1979), it increases pain intensity among chronic pain patients and is associated with increased occupational and social impairment (Hooten et al., 2009; Weingarten et al., 2009; Weingarten et al., 2008).","The literature suggests that chronic pain patients who smoke may have particular difficulty quitting (Fishbain et al., 2007; Hooten et al., 2009).","Hooten et al. (2009) conducted a study in a multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation\nprogram to test an intervention for smoking cessation."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3398639717,"citingcorpusid":207873125,"citedcorpusid":4498754,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Among these are reduction in the number of apoptotic cells, maintenance of mitochondrial integrity, inhibition of cytochrome C release from the mitochondria, increase in antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 transcription rate, and decrease in caspase transcription rate and DNA fragmentation (Choi et al., 2003).","…these are reduction in the number of apoptotic cells, maintenance of mitochondrial integrity, inhibition of cytochrome C release from the mitochondria, increase in antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 transcription rate, and decrease in caspase transcription rate and DNA fragmentation (Choi et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":94624481,"citingcorpusid":14954022,"citedcorpusid":12139898,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The results of this study were very close to the findings reported previously [8, 9, 27, 28, 29, 30], and showed that there was a good concentration-response relationship between all four heavy metals and the sublethal toxicity effects to C."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":3420412990,"citingcorpusid":235287137,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["29 247–62 [7] Romm Ya E 2008 Modeling of stability according to Lyapunov based on difference schemes transformations for solutions of ordinary differential equations Mathematical Modeling 20\n(12) 105–18\n[8] Romm Ya E 2020 Computer-oriented stability analysis of solutions of differential systems Modern high technologies (4) 42–63 [9] Cesari L 1964 Asymptotic Behavior and Stability Problems in Ordinary Differential Equations (Moscow: Mir) p 478 [10] Demidovich D P 1967 Lectures on Mathematical Theory of Stability (Moscow: Nauka) p 472\nAMCSM 2020 Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1902 (2021) 012101 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1902/1/012101\n[11] Dzhanunts G A and Romm Ya E 2017 The varying piecewise interpolation solution of the Cauchy problem for ordinary differential equations with iterative refinement Computational\nMathematics and Mathematical Physics Journal 57 (10) 1616–34\n[12] Bulanov S G 2019 The Analysis of the systems stability of linear differential equations based on the transformation of difference schemes Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 20 (9)\n542–9\n[13] Romm Ya E and Bulanov S G 2012 Computer analysis of Lyapunov stability for systems of linear differential equations (Taganrog: publishing house of Taganrog state pedagogical\nInstitute named after A.P. Chekhov) p 148\n[14] Romm Ya E 2015 Computer-oriented stability analysis based on recurrent transformation of difference solutions of ordinary differential equations Cybernetics and Systems Analysis 51\n(3) 416–31\n[15] Bulanov S G 2020 Differential systems stability analysis based on matrix multiplicative criteria Journal of Physics: Conf.","Series 1479 012103 [16] Giesl P and Hafstein S 2014 Computation of Lyapunov functions for nonlinear discrete time systems by linear programming J. Difference Equ.","Well-known methods, if they do not apply to specific types of ODEs, use various methods of calculating Lyapunov functions [5, 6].","20 610–40 [17] Hafstein S 2005 A constructive converse Lyapunov theorem on asymptotic stability for nonlinear autonomous ordinary differential equations Dynamical Systems 20 281–99","The task is to develop a method for analyzing the stability of the solution to problem (1) in the\nsense of Lyapunov [9].","168 (12) 289–97 [4] Olgac N and Sipahi R 2004 A practical method for analyzing the stability of neutral type LTItime delayed systems Automatica 40 (5) 847–53 [5] Zhaolu T and Chuanqing G 2008 A numerical algorithm for Lyapunov equations J. Appl.","202 44–53 [6] Xiao-Lin L and Yao-Lin J 2009 Numerical algorithm for constructing Lyapunov functions of polynomial differential systems J. Appl.","These methods, based on the construction of Lyapunov functions, suggest an analytical application, and, in some cases, allow computer implementation.","The task is to develop a method for analyzing the stability of the solution to problem (1) in the sense of Lyapunov [9]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3269981303,"citingcorpusid":225298754,"citedcorpusid":108440872,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Models on upper limbs may be split into shoulder (Garg et al., 2002; Mathiassen & Åhsberg, 1999; Rohmert et al., 1986; Sato et al., 1984), arm (Oyewole, 2014), elbow (Manenica, 1986; Rohmert et al.",", 1986), and shoulder (Frey Law & Avin, 2010; Garg et al., 2002; Mathiassen & Åhsberg, 1999; Rohmert et al., 1986; Rose et al., 2000) in the literature and found the all those models underestimate the MET of our tasks.","Models on upper limbs may be split into shoulder (Garg et al., 2002; Mathiassen & Åhsberg, 1999; Rohmert et al., 1986; Sato et al., 1984), arm (Oyewole, 2014), elbow (Manenica, 1986; Rohmert et al., 1986; Rose et al., 2000; Sato et al., 1984), hand (Manenica, 1986), and thumb models (Choi et al.,…","…using the models of hand/grip (Frey Law & Avin, 2010), elbow (Frey Law & Avin, 2010; Rohmert et al., 1986), and shoulder (Frey Law & Avin, 2010; Garg et al., 2002; Mathiassen & Åhsberg, 1999; Rohmert et al., 1986; Rose et al., 2000) in the literature and found the all those models…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2179390722,"citingcorpusid":203000665,"citedcorpusid":128321862,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1 illustrates the Everglades Restoration plan that I have included in several editions of my books since we first published it in the Mitsch and Jørgensen (2004) ecological engineering book 15 years ago and it continued to be published in the 4th and 5th editions of “Wetlands” (Mitsch and…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2827670837,"citingcorpusid":221341050,"citedcorpusid":11239158,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["4 seconds. The true re ectivity model is shown in Figure 5b, and one iteration of RTM provides a crude subsurface image with unbalanced illumination, as seen in Figure 5c. After the Laplacian ltering [39], the migration artifacts are reduced, but the amplitude of the image is still incorrect, as seen by comparing the color bar of Figure 5c and Figure 5d with the truth (Figure 5b). LSRTM aims to rene "],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3472341474,"citingcorpusid":218945860,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["DISCUSSION Hydrodissection involves injection of a nonirritating solution around a nerve to reduce compression from surrounding tissue.(4) It has been medically utilized in a variety of ways, including in dissection, breast reconstruction, and ophthalmology.","Tabor et al described successful use of ultrasoundguided hydrodissection and ganglion cyst aspiration in a patient with common peroneal neuropathy with foot drop.(4) However, in that case nerve compression was caused predominantly by a ganglion cyst, which was aspirated with relief in pain.","While a relative paucity of cases have specifically reported hydrodissection of the peroneal nerve, the procedure has been described as successful in other neuropathies.(4) DeLea et al found that hydrodissection for patients with carpal tunnel syndrome provided significant improvements in pain and vasomotor changes.","It has also been used with ultrasound guidance in peripheral nerve entrapment with two goals: (1) to restore function to the nerve and (2) to release soft tissue adhesions causing entrapment.(4,5,7) Methods differ, and saline, anesthetics, steroids, platelet-rich plasma, and dextrose have all been utilized to varying efficacy.","However, recurrence rates after surgery can reach as high as 30% and can be complicated by neurovascular damage.(4)","Treatment of peroneal nerve neuropathies has historically been surgical, involving dissection and decompression.(4)","peroneal nerve palsies in the lower extremity, but electromyography and nerve conduction studies are also helpful.(2,4)"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":930817671,"citingcorpusid":53285646,"citedcorpusid":63311283,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["AI for other Indian regional languages is carried out on Tamil [22], Panjabi [23] and Marathi [24]; moreover character recognition of Guajarati Language [25] is carried out by using pattern matching and [26] a template pattern matching","AI for other Indian regional languages is carried out on Tamil [22], Panjabi [23] and Marathi [24]; moreover character recognition of Guajarati Language [25] is carried out by using pattern matching and [26] a template pattern matching algorithm is proposed for Gujarati character recognition."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":87114741,"citingcorpusid":2582384,"citedcorpusid":121010223,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Fine and Gray proportional subdistribution hazards regression modeling was performed to construct the competing risks model.(5) The restricted cubic splines with three knots at the 10%, 50%, and 90% empirical quantiles were fitted to model the continuous variables."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2779577269,"citingcorpusid":54084351,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["28 MeV, from Sherr and Fortune [16], we obtain a spectroscopic factor in the range of 0.","AssumingΓsp=1.28 MeV, from Sherr and Fortune [16], we obtain a spectroscopic factor in the range of 0.1 to 0.2."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":271280733,"citingcorpusid":16831685,"citedcorpusid":5274465,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We also assume that perfect CSI of all channels is available, as assumed in [27], and relay selection is done before each transmission based on different selection criteria described in the next section.","In [23], the IRI is subtracted at the destination, but due to the fact that the IRI contains all the previously transmitted data, IRI cancelation requires high computational complexity."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1067886056,"citingcorpusid":119720360,"citedcorpusid":43827981,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["ed. An exact formula has very recently been derived for arbitrary initial condition as well [33]. Formulas for the system with periodic boundary condition are also know only for densities 1/2,1/3,... [6,7]. In this paper we prove that for any ρ ∈ (0,1), lim t→∞ P J(t) ≥ ρ(1− ρ)t −s(ρ(1− ρ))2/3t1/3 = F GOE(22/3s); (1.5) compare this with Corollary 2.8. The proof of our result is in his core probabilisti"],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":2228040137,"citingcorpusid":146576073,"citedcorpusid":220379365,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Persistent problems not only allow participants to reassess their learning potential, they promote a continuous commitment to learning through a proactive drive and a cognitive openness to face failures (Knowles, 1975; McCarthy, 2008; Oddi, 1986).","As a group of people successfully understand, solve and implement a PBL project, all the dimensions of a great team emerge – solid communications, trust, common purpose, commitment, success, and support (Marquardt, 2004; McCarthy, 2008).","Problems can lead to temporally bounded interactions that involve the simultaneity of cognitive processes, contexts, and time (Lave & Wenger, 1991; McCarthy, 2008).","PBL requires both employee competence and organizational culture to work hand in hand, involving the necessary level of commitment, trust and understanding to ensure possible productive cooperation (McCarthy, 2008; Watson, 1994)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3656850636,"citingcorpusid":246393573,"citedcorpusid":9326164,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Agarwal et al. (2020), Clark and Oswald (1996), Easterlin (1995), and Kuhn et al. (2011), and Oswald (1997) find empirical evidence supporting the existence of consumption externalities."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":410883904,"citingcorpusid":18452289,"citedcorpusid":37839075,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, these applications are often time-critical because it provides support for human interaction; their jobs and tasks\nneed to be completed within scheduled times [5].","For instance, a cluster might support computational simulations for high performance computing (HPC) applications such as weather forecasting or large scale particle simulation [5]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3733352991,"citingcorpusid":248203657,"citedcorpusid":43452768,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Namely, among the Gram-positive bacteria BSH was identified in Clostridium [27–30], Enterococcus [27, 31], Bifidobacterium [27, 32, 33], Lactobacillus [34, 35], Streptococcus [36], Eubacterium [37] and Listeria, among Gramnegative bacteria in Bacteroides [30, 38, 39], while among archea Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanosphera stadmanae [40]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1870504531,"citingcorpusid":3552027,"citedcorpusid":43452768,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several studies emphasized that BSH preferably recognize conjugated substrates at amino acid moieties (Coleman and Hudson, 1995; Tanaka et al., 2000; Kim et al., 2004; Rossocha et al., 2005), whereas others still suggest that steroid moieties are recognized in priority (Moser and Savage, 2001;…","The activity of BSH and lactobacilli’s bile resistance have been widely accepted as key factors for gut persistence and colonization by these bacteria (Tannock et al., 1994; Tanaka et al., 2000; Begley et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1615279536,"citingcorpusid":14202123,"citedcorpusid":123503,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["using a customary representation of field points, say the one used in [4,  17 ].) Let P = P1 ··· Pm be the message we wish to encrypt, and assume that m is even."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3773687446,"citingcorpusid":249392460,"citedcorpusid":123503,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The symmetric algorithms are of two kinds: Block ciphers and Stream ciphers  Block ciphers A block cipher [16] is a purpose that charts n bit plain text blocks to n bit cipher text blocks; n is shouted the block length ."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1612803854,"citingcorpusid":5751416,"citedcorpusid":123503,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["First was the realization that people had been doing rather poorly when they tried to glue together a traditional (privacy-only) en­ cryption scheme and a message authentication code (MAC) [5, 6, 14]; second was the emergence of a class of AE schemes [11, 17] that did not work by gluing together an encryption scheme and a MAC.","BC-based AEAD enables improved efficiency (the strand of work not represented here but found in [11, 17]) and makes it easier to use a cryptosystem correctly and interoperably—for example, presenting a more directly useful API for developers.","First, message expansion should be no more than required: the length of the ciphertext (which, following the conventions of [17], excludes the nonce) should be only T bits more than the length of the plaintext."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":64508617,"citingcorpusid":8156197,"citedcorpusid":12703735,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The duration of follow-up was not clearly described in 3 studies (those of Zhang HM, Schmidt LH, and Shen LQ).","The key baseline characteristics of the study sample were not adequately described in ShenLQ’s study.","985 1–78 OS Univariate and multivariate Shen [8] 2014 China Non-small-cell lung cancer NA 79 RT-qPCR Mean value (NA) NA DFS Univariate","MALAT1 has since been associated with several human neoplasms, including lung [7, 8], liver [9], renal [10], colorectal [11], gastric [12], breast [13], cervical [14], pancreatic [15], and bladder cancers [16], uterine endometrial stromal sarcoma [17], glioma [18], and osteosarcoma [19].","Shen [8] Partly Yes Yes Partly Partly Yes"],"intents":[null,null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1015239027,"citingcorpusid":85524862,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several of the authors of reports on FAO PFL projects have described how loss assessment methodology has been developed to serve the needs of country projects. For example, Hernandez and Drummond (1984) adapted population measurement techniques for rodents to enable estimates of losses to be obtained in central storage in Cuba."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1909748516,"citingcorpusid":144503842,"citedcorpusid":4971841,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In part, this might be due to the home learning environment being more violent (Grych & Kinsfogel, this issue;  Wekerle et al, 2009 ), which could sensitize youth to readily perceive threat ( Peris, Goeke-Morey, Cummings, & Emery, 2008 ) and to hold attitudes that facilitate violence, as several studies in these issues show ( Connolly, Friedlander, Pepler, Craig, & Laporte, 2010 ; Grych & Kinsfogel, this issue;  Sears & Byers, 2010 )."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1613453830,"citingcorpusid":15382932,"citedcorpusid":123503,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Other encryption \nmodes have been suggested, such as OCB (O.set CodeBook) [23] used ain MiniSec [17] or counter-mode [19] \nused in ZigBee [1] and SNEP [22].","Other encryption modes have been suggested, such as OCB (Offset CodeBook) [23] used in MiniSec [17] or counter-mode [19] used in ZigBee [1] and SNEP [22]."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3035204981,"citingcorpusid":135025255,"citedcorpusid":123503,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Zbog toga neki prot ok li u BSM mogu koristiti i druga čije načine djelovanja blok šifri, kao što su primjerice OC B (Offset Codebook Mode) i CTR (Counter Mode) , kod kojih je duljina šifrirane poruke jednaka dul jini otvorenog teksta [93].",": „The RC5 Encryption Algorithm“ , FSE 1994 proceedings [93] Rogaway P."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2730052846,"citingcorpusid":21093859,"citedcorpusid":123503,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We note that all of the usual authenticated encryption modes, including the Encrypt-then-MAC scheme discussed in Bellare and Namprempre [5] and used as a DEM by Cramer and Shoup [8], as well as the newer authentication modes such as EAX [6] and OCB [15], satisfy these security criteria."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1614335261,"citingcorpusid":4743224,"citedcorpusid":123503,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is not as fast as the parallelizable schemes such as OCB [20] and OTR [12], but it is inverse-free, using only XOR operations, and has a lower state size in the cost of a shorter nonce and tag length [25].","The examples are security proofs to OCB [19] and GCM [15]."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3466006760,"citingcorpusid":231938285,"citedcorpusid":72017277,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A more simplified form of OSATS has notable merit with the use of a less rigorous assessment tool, although it was only performed on a small sample size and was very specialized.(16,17) Although it does highlight the potential for more specific yet simplified scoring systems to promote reproducibility and objectiveness across examiners and trainees in a highly focused scenario."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2212764844,"citingcorpusid":144512977,"citedcorpusid":55401141,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Research on homicide (Baldus, Woodworth, and Pulaski, 1990; Holcomb, Williams, and Demuth, 2004; Williams and Holcomb, 2001) and rape (LaFree, 1989; Walsh, 1987) generally support these points of view."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1714944010,"citingcorpusid":51803753,"citedcorpusid":14569319,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["or θ ∈ S1, Dθ·¯u S : W1,p δ (Z,θ·u¯∗ S(TW¯ ⊕TS2N+1)) −→ Lp δ(Z,θ·u¯∗ S(TW¯ ⊕TS2N+1)). An expression for this family of operators and a proofthat this family consists of Fredholm operators is given in [BO10]. For each circle of critical points, S = S1 ·(x S,zS), choose • cappingdisks dS = (dS,W,dS,S2N+1) : D2 → W¯ ×S2N+1, i.e.curves connecting a constant loop {x0} × {z0} ∈ ΛW¯ × S2N+1 to the loop θ ·(xS,","rajectories by M(S+,S−;H,J,g) = {u¯ solves (8)}/R, where the R-action is induced by reparametrizations in the s-direction. Note that M(S+,S−;H,J,g) still carries a free circle action. By Theorem B in [BO10] the quotient space is a smooth manifold for generic Floer data. Theorem 4.23. For a generic choice of Floer data (H,J,g) the moduli space MS1(S+,S−;H,J,g) = M(S+,S−;H,J,g)/S1 is a smooth manifold of "],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2294223998,"citingcorpusid":156732254,"citedcorpusid":25819602,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…e g u la\nti o n I\nn d e x\n0\n500\n1,000\n1,500\n2,000\n2,500\nA c c id\ne n\nts P\ne r\nH u n d\nre d M\nil li\no n M\nil e s\n1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year\nAccidents per hundred million miles FRA ICC/STB\n10\nand other countries (OECD, 2010; Elvik, 2006; Evans, 2007; Clark and Loeb, 2005)."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2619063202,"citingcorpusid":92753220,"citedcorpusid":13601479,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["capsulatus ( Berry et al., 2004 ) indicates structural similarities with the homologous cytochrome bc1 complex from mitochondria (Xia et al., 1997), and the cytochrome b6 f complexes from cyanobacteria (Kurisu et al., 2003) and algae (Stroebel et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2619063035,"citingcorpusid":92753220,"citedcorpusid":29797910,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This implies that atoms at complex interfaces and pigment positions are defi ned with a precision of ~3 A. Structural models are shown in this chapter in fi gures 1c, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, and 7b, and can provide the structural basis for a deepened understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ensemble reactions in the bacterial photosynthetic apparatus, i.e., excitation transfer ( Scheuring et al., 2007; Chapter 15,  Şener and Schulten).","High-resolution AFM topographs of supramolecular assemblies of membrane proteins can successfully be docked by atomic models resulting in structural models with high precision ( Scheuring et al., 2007 )."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1798078182,"citingcorpusid":211205808,"citedcorpusid":123091062,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Polyserial correlation defines the correlation between a quantitative variable and an ordinal variable [23]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1639907641,"citingcorpusid":206446134,"citedcorpusid":15355237,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, most researchers agree that avoidance\ncoping behaviors impede adaptive responses to stressful situations (e.g., Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989; Roth & Cohen, 1986).","Problem-focused and emotion-focused coping behaviors might also vary in whether they involve approach (engagement) versus avoidance (disengagement) coping strategies (e.g., Roth & Cohen, 1986)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":896879904,"citingcorpusid":5474680,"citedcorpusid":151342530,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Indeed, clinical hypnosis practitioners have been leveraging this potential for decades in helping patients replace undesired mental activities (e.g., negative ruminations in depression) with more wholesome cognitive processes (e.g., fostering optimistic outlooks) (Yapko, 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2850605394,"citingcorpusid":85101238,"citedcorpusid":84455688,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…is a complex genus comprising 16 species (de Wet et al., 1981, 1982), which include diploid (2n¯ 2x¯ 36), triploid (2n¯ 3x¯ 58), tetraploid (2n¯ 4x¯ 72), pentaploid (2n¯ 5x¯ 90) and hexaploid (2n¯ 6x¯ 108) cytotypes (Randolph, 1970; de Wet et al., 1976, 1981, 1982, 1983; Kindiger and Dewald, 1997).","The scale 0±55 to 0±83 indicates genetic similarity calculated using the DICE coefficient in the NTSYS program.\nbetween sexual and apomictic germplasm (Dewald and Kindiger, 1994; Kindiger and Dewald, 1997).","On the other hand, genetic diversity introduced through sexual recombination in diploids can be incorporated into polyploid Tripsacum species by exchanging genetic material with polyploids (Dewald and Kindiger, 1994; Kindiger and Dewald, 1997).","Apomictic reproduction mechanisms are often retained in tetraploids derived from triploids by sexual polyploidization (Kindiger and Dewald, 1997).","…to produce both sexual and apomictic triploids (Harlan and de Wet, 1975; Burson et al., 1990; Sherman et al., 1991) and 3x or 4x apomictic female by 4x apomictic male crosses via unreduced eggs to produce B\nIII progeny\n(Harlan and de Wet, 1975; Bashaw et al., 1992; Kindiger and Dewald, 1997).","Tripsacum is one of two genera that can be crossed with the important grain crop maize, Zea mays ssp mays L. to produce viable hybrids (Mangelsdorf and Reeves, 1931, 1939; de Wet and Harlan, 1970; Petrov et al., 1984; Bernard and Jewell, 1985; Leblanc et al. 1996; Kindiger and Dewald, 1997).","Recently, diverse uses of Tripsacum for erosion control, land reclamation, and establishment of tame pastures have inspired renewed interest in the genus (Kindiger and Dewald, 1997).","E-mail yli!ag.gov\nagricultural potential of Tripsacum itself (Kindiger and Dewald, 1997)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":1171688991,"citingcorpusid":168426410,"citedcorpusid":36704386,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["299 Introduction Mobile Health (or mHealth) provides a promise and opportunity for delivering healthcare interventions to improve the quality of life for the HIV and AIDS-ravaged, resource-constrained settings in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region (Forrest et al., 2015).","As such, CHWs are well-placed to bridge and leverage what Forrest et al. (2015) described as patient carefocused and health system-focused mhealth interventions to support initiation and adherence to care.","…and Public Health, University of Botswana\nMobile Health (or mHealth) provides a promise and opportunity for delivering healthcare interventions to improve the quality of life for the HIV and AIDS-ravaged, resource-constrained settings in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region (Forrest et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3966603610,"citingcorpusid":253131374,"citedcorpusid":232049744,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In parallel, the overproduction of ROS in cancer cells induced by different compounds has been associated with cell death, which is why some current therapeutic strategies are focused on evaluating this phenomenon as an antitumor mechanism [52,53]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4109379286,"citingcorpusid":258540606,"citedcorpusid":214728347,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Privacy Concerns in Federated Learning: Despite the default privacy by keeping client data local, recent studies reveal that gradient leakage attacks in federated learning may compromise the privacy of client training data [2], [3], [4], [5], [6].","While we consider gradient leakage attacks using L-BFS as the optimizer similar to [2], [3], with a small batch size (<16), and shallow models [5], recent attacks enhance the attack procedure with Adam optimizer for deeper machine learning models [4].","on the client in the distributed learning, an unauthorized read of client local parameter updates leads to more attack surfaces for gradient leakage attacks [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [31], [32],"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1794740913,"citingcorpusid":141491485,"citedcorpusid":151169344,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Philosophers associated with the Institute for the Advancement of Philosophy for Children (Lipman 1974; Lipman & Sharp, 1978; Lipman, Sharp and Oscanyan 1980; Reed, 1989) have helped develop curriculum and materials about general philosophy such as metaphysics, logic, ethics, and aesthetics for children all ages (Dobbs, 1984).","A series of articles, Structures in Art Education, supports the fundamental identity of art as a discipline (Dobbs, 1984; Erickson, 1979) and art education as being structured around art production, art criticism, and art history (Burke, 1991).","Researchers continue to reinforce Dobbs’ (1984) theory that art is a distinctive form of the human experience and that art should help shape form to possess aesthetic character as well as understanding types of aesthetic experience.","…the Institute for the Advancement of Philosophy for Children (Lipman 1974; Lipman & Sharp, 1978; Lipman, Sharp and Oscanyan 1980; Reed, 1989) have helped develop curriculum and materials about general philosophy such as metaphysics, logic, ethics, and aesthetics for children all ages (Dobbs, 1984)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3458761915,"citingcorpusid":222004632,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The plant thus has great value for both medicinal and culinary purposes [14,15]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3458761937,"citingcorpusid":222004632,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["officinale root has been considered to be a valuable remedy used as infusions and decoctions to treat various diseases such as kidney diseases, dyspepsia, heartburn, spleen and liver ailments, anorexia and hepatitis [9,12,13]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2659327490,"citingcorpusid":27599135,"citedcorpusid":12802502,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Note that we also assume there is no direct path of nonzero gain between the input and the output which is a valid assumption for most physical systems as discussed in [12].","The relevant stabilizability problem in indirect Adaptive Pole Placement (APP) control is addressed in [12].","In order to reduce the computational complexity, replacing the continuous-time adaptive law with a hybrid one is proposed in [12] which we do not discuss here any further.","A special case of this general result can be stated as another lemma [12] : If f , ḟ ∈ L∞ and f ∈ Lp for some p ∈ [1,∞) , then f(t) → 0 as t →∞ .","Stabilizability can be assumed in the higher order case, where loss of stabilizability occurs at certain isolated manifolds in the parameter space when visited by the estimated plant parameters; therefore, one can easily argue that the loss of stabilizability is not a frequent phenomenon that occurs in the implementation of APP control schemes [12]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4116290828,"citingcorpusid":258870429,"citedcorpusid":237623702,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Road damage will also affect road traffic safety [7] [8]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":625286625,"citingcorpusid":61002781,"citedcorpusid":117173067,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Note that Keller [50] proposes several numerical methods to get around singular points.","Updating the algorithm presented in the previous subsection by using the techniques given in Allgower [3] or Keller [50] to handle singularities,","The implicit function theorem [50] gives conditions which one can solve (2."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3296318964,"citingcorpusid":41949380,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Petter (1959), based on specimens from P. papua, considered S. paradeliae to be a synonym of S. adeliae.","Morphological features of S. macronectes match those of specimens studied by Petter (1959), who identified them as S. adeliae (Johnston, 1938).","These authors considered Stegophorus paradeliae Johnston & Mawson, 1945 and Stegophorus adeliae Johnston, 1938 sensu Petter 1959, both collected from penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae (Hombron & Jacquinot) and P. papua, respectively), to be identical to S. macronectes (see Johnston & Mawson, 1945;…","…& Mawson, 1945 and Stegophorus adeliae Johnston, 1938 sensu Petter 1959, both collected from penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae (Hombron & Jacquinot) and P. papua, respectively), to be identical to S. macronectes (see Johnston & Mawson, 1945; Mawson, 1953; Petter, 1959; Zdzitowiecki & Dróżdż, 1980).","…most reports given under this name or its synonyms contribute to the morphological description of the species (Johnston & Mawson, 1945; Mawson, 1953; Petter, 1959; Zdzitowiecki & Dróżdż, 1980), many were made on the basis of badly preserved, fragmented and/or exclusively female specimens.","Parasite identification was based on morphometric features, following a specific bibliography (Johnston & Mawson, 1942, 1945; Petter, 1959; Yamaguti, 1961; Chabaud, 1974; Zdzitowiecki & Dróżdż, 1980).","Stegophorus paradeliae Johnston & Mawson, 1945; Stegophorus adeliae Johnston, 1938 sensu Petter, 1959."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4051425834,"citingcorpusid":256431067,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Johnson [26] translation method for generating system of frequency curves and the quantile method to generate distributions proposed by Hasting et al. [25] and Tukey [51] are other milestone set in this direction.","[25] and Tukey [51] are other milestone set in this direction."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":884378187,"citingcorpusid":36053628,"citedcorpusid":56039359,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Both intensification and abandonment result in a loss of diversity (Kleijn & Báldi, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1656504309,"citingcorpusid":196034661,"citedcorpusid":207188668,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["To illustrate the value of trend and lifecycle information, we ran the AppJoy recommender and our trend analysis for a subset of the data containing 4, 500 users and 1, 000 most frequently used applications in the dataset.","Some popular app recommendation systems include, for example, AppJoy [52] that considers a weighted model where recency, frequency, and","not function properly on their device [52], and some applications, especially games, even repay for higher ratings.","AppJoy: Personalized Mobile Application Discovery.","AppJoy operates on so-called usage scores, which are constructed by aggregating (i) the time elapsed since the last interaction with an app (vR ), (ii) the number of times the user interacted with an app (vF ), and (iii) total duration of interaction time (vD ).","Another example is AppJoy [45], which employs item-based collaborative filtering to recommend apps based on personalized usage patterns.","Accordingly, AppJoy bases its recommendations on information sources that correspond to metrics which are used by handset-based mobile analytics tools, such as Google Mobile Analytics and Countly.","Users tend to try out several applications without necessarily ever using them again [51, 52].","To facilitate users to discover up and coming applications, and to help them avoid apps that are long past their popularity peak, the trend information could be integrated as part of the recommendation process, for instance, by considering it as part of the usage scores used by AppJoy or considering more complex dynamics models, for example, as part of latent factor models [25].","Given the test data, we used AppJoy to generate recommendations in an incremental fashion for each week.","Given P(UB), AppJoy returns the apps with highest score as recommendation Φ.","The main reason for this behavior is that the metrics used by AppJoy to generate recommendations require sufficient amount of usage before an app is recommended.","In summary, our analysis clearly indicates that recommendations provided by AppJoy do not reflect dynamics in actual application usage.","AppJoy relies on a constantly running background process that monitors app use, while both GetJar and our technique can be used with crowdsourced, infrequently sampled data.","2.4 Analyzing Mobile Usage 19\nSome popular app recommendation systems include, for example, AppJoy [52] that considers a weighted model where recency, frequency, and duration of interactions are taken into consideration.","The Slope One Prediction and especially its well-known implementation in the AppJoy system [103] operates on so-called usage scores, which are constructed by aggregating the following information: (i) time elapsed since the last interaction with an app, (ii) frequency of the user interactions with an app, and (iii) total duration of time the user has interacted with an app.","We have implemented AppJoy [45] as a representative example of current state-of-the-art app recommenders, and compared the recommendations provided by AppJoy against recommendations indicated by trend patterns.","AppJoy uses a prediction model that compares a user U’s profile to other users with similar application usage history."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":85341037,"citingcorpusid":31912051,"citedcorpusid":30127846,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["melanoma skin cancer [24–28]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2900887705,"citingcorpusid":39056223,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The research design and methodology employed in the identification and characterization of these behaviors, as well as the behaviors themselves, are reported in detail elsewhere.(6) Using these important CT practice behaviors as the basis of inquiry, survey data were then collected from a national sample of expert medical laboratory scientists, fitting pre-determined study criteria for “expert,” practicing in a variety of sites and job structures.","This process involving the type of thinking through which knowledge is expanded by meaningful experience is critical thinking (CT).(6)","It is becoming increasingly clear that competent clinical practice results from “hybrid” knowledge composed of theoretical knowledge modified by context in its largest sense.(6) Emergent grounded theory can be summarized,","Success today requires new basics: the ability to reason, analyze, plan, and act effectively in a climate of change.(6) This means practitioners of today must adjust for input that challenges their current thinking, and make appropriate, reasoned use of the understanding that develops."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4068193654,"citingcorpusid":257140784,"citedcorpusid":4997916,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["and mechanical properties in the physiological environment, thus impeding their applications as the long-term load-bearing tissue substitutes [38,39]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1631149045,"citingcorpusid":207648258,"citedcorpusid":11510757,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Based on our data and on recent reports showing that the desmoplastic reaction is detrimental to the host (7, 35), modulation of TGF-h1 signaling using small-molecule inhibitors, a number of which are currently under development (49), could be a potential approach for the treatment of this highly lethal cancer."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1789575503,"citingcorpusid":211026182,"citedcorpusid":78091939,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Since novel antibiotic targets are constantly searched for, they could be tested by using PNA and vice versa, PNA could also help identify them [150,151]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2369497843,"citingcorpusid":108812117,"citedcorpusid":110625535,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Huynh et al. ( 9 ) proposed a simulation-based heuristic approach for finding near-optimal locations for portable VMSs on a traffic network to divert traffic to alternate paths when an incident occurs on a network to minimize the effect of the incident on the network.","Several studies have attempted to assess the benefits of the placement of ITS devices such as VMSs and CCVE on a network ( 3–9 )."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":228240264,"citingcorpusid":2448322,"citedcorpusid":24408911,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Overall, the observed efficacy of AFG against systemic A. terreus and the previous efficacy shown by CFG and MFG [20,21] indicates a potential usefulness of echinocandins in fighting this infection.","Caspofungin (CFG) and micafungin (MFG) have been recommended as alternative therapies; but in the case of anidulafungin (AFG) there is no experimental or clinical data on its efficacy in the treatment of A. terreus infections.","In the clinical arena, although scarce, there are case reports that demon-\nstrate the efficacy of echinocandins, that is, CFG [12] and MFG [13] but in the absence of clinical data on the use of AFG as therapy of invasive aspergillosis caused by A. terreus, we have studied its in vitro activity trying to correlate it with the in vivo efficacy in a murine model of disseminated aspergillosis.","terreus and the previous efficacy shown by CFG and MFG [20,21] indicates a potential usefulness of echinocandins in fighting this infection."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3610010925,"citingcorpusid":244102296,"citedcorpusid":42369033,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Psychological skills help in inter-personal communication (Vipene & Emeribe 2007), pain therapy\n(Guerriero, 2015; Santi & Pietrantoni, 2013), stress management (Osborne, 2016; Cohen, Nordin, & Abrahamson, 2010; Hanton, Thomas, & Mellalieu, 2009), discipline (Weinberg & Gould, 2014)."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2515237108,"citingcorpusid":119109226,"citedcorpusid":16752089,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["INTRODUCTION\nStars primarily form in clustered environments inside of molecular clouds\ncontaining tens of thousands of solar masses of material or more (Lada & Lada 2003)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1992944004,"citingcorpusid":213840774,"citedcorpusid":96138977,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3737075560,"citingcorpusid":248587952,"citedcorpusid":212547474,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These were similar to earlier reports by other researchers.(9,18,22) There were only very few cases of hemiparesis, urinary incontinency and cortical blindness in contrast to what has been described in some earlier studies.","Proportion of subjects with anaemia (72%) leukocytosis (62%) and thrombocytopaenia (24%) observed in this study is within the range of what has been documented.(4,22)","There could also be deep tissue sequestrations leaving the peripheral blood with few or no malaria parasites thus affecting the parasite count.(22,24) Proportion of subjects with anaemia (72%) leukocytosis (62%) and thrombocytopaenia (24%) observed in this study is within the range of what has been documented."],"intents":[["result"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3567467717,"citingcorpusid":237587304,"citedcorpusid":4428049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many genetic and biochemical approaches have elucidated that the TRANSPORT INHIBTOR RESPONSE1 (TIR1) protein functions as the receptor to perceive auxin signaling based on the reduced auxin response of tir1 mutations (Dharmasiri et al., 2005; Kepinski and Leyser, 2005).","Many genetic and biochemical approaches have elucidated that the TRANSPORT INHIBTOR RESPONSE1 (TIR1) protein functions as the receptor to perceive auxin signaling based on the reduced auxin response of tir1 mutations [22,23]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3459312002,"citingcorpusid":221687177,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["So, a large number of interferometric pairs are produced to a single reference image interferometric processing, obtaining the time series surface deformation by applying the SVD algorithm [59].","the coastline can be clearly identified at the piezometricmap of July 1997 [59] (Figure 3(a)).","Previous hydrochemical studies [59, 60] have identified the intrusion of seawater along the coastline, during the late 90s.","Faliro, Moschato, and Kallithea municipalities has experienced land subsidence phenomena associated mainly with groundwater exploitation [43, 59].","So, by comparing the July 1997 piezometric lines [59] with those based on the data collected during the May 2015 campaign, it is clear that the aquifers have recovered throughout the entire study area (Figures 3(a) and 3(b))."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":304787003,"citingcorpusid":22084062,"citedcorpusid":4428049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It has been hypothesized that ABP1 is an auxin receptor mediating fast, nongenomic effects of auxin (4–6, 8, 9), whereas the TIR1 family of F-box protein/auxin receptors are responsible for auxin-mediated gene regulation (14, 15)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":931801742,"citingcorpusid":59476007,"citedcorpusid":4428049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2009), 401 tir1-1 (Dharmasiri et al., 2005), tir1-1/afb2-3 (Parry et al.","…(Horton et al., 2012), and the Col-0 mutants: 400  sid2-2 (Tsuda et al., 2009), dde2-2 (Tsuda et al., 2009), ein2-1 (Tsuda et al., 2009), 401  tir1-1 (Dharmasiri et al., 2005), tir1-1/afb2-3 (Parry et al., 2009), jar1-1 (Staswick & 402  Tiryaki, 2004), jai3-1 (Chini et al., 2007), atrbohD…"],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":1960129431,"citingcorpusid":148651607,"citedcorpusid":146448322,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Heirdsfield and Cooper (2004) described the processes of individuals who perform mental computation flexibly or inflexibly.1 For those who reason inflexibly in mental computation, operations map to particular algorithms.","Mental computation is indicative of number sense when it is characterized by flexibility, including the use of nonstandard strategies, and is supported by understanding of number composition and properties of operations (Heirdsfield & Cooper, 2004; Markovits & Sowder, 1994).","In this article, mental computation strategies are categorized and related to number sense in a way that incorporates the work of several authors (Heirdsfield & Cooper, 2004); Markovits & Sowder, 1994; Whitacre, 2007; 2015).","Mental computation is strongly associated with number sense (Heirdsfield & Cooper, 2004; Markovits & Sowder, 1994; Sowder, 1992; Yang et al., 2009).","…of strategy that is sensitive to the numbers involved in the computation and informed by a web of knowledge and beliefs—knowledge of numeration and number facts, understanding of the effect of operations on numbers, knowledge of strategies, and beliefs about strategies (Heirdsfield & Cooper, 2004).","…in the computation; furthermore, when a person chooses to use a nonstandard strategy, this tends to be a strategy that makes sense to that person (Heirdsfield & Cooper, 2004; Sowder, 1992).2 To be more precise, it is not the strategy itself but the flexible use of such strategies that reflects a…"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3412352152,"citingcorpusid":237044810,"citedcorpusid":153965128,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…days the N preceding (subsequent) forecasts lead (lag) the forecast of\nElectronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3902615\n21\ninterest (Brown and Hugon 2009).16 Next, to control for systematic differences across firmyears, we standardize each of the performance measures and continuous…","We employ two standardized measures of analyst forecasting performance: accuracy and timeliness (e.g., Clement 1999; Cooper et al. 2001; Brown and Hugon 2009).","Brown and Hugon (2009) also use timeliness as an alternative dimension of forecasting performance to examine analyst-team performance."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":542281704,"citingcorpusid":54051557,"citedcorpusid":153965128,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["21 of analysts self-identify as following one or more of these industries (Brown et al., 2015). I require that companies have a following of at least 5 analysts and at least 10 team reports.(19) Among the 854 companies that meet these criteria, I randomly select 30 companies from each industry without replacement. I download team and individual analyst reports from ThomsonOne, excluding reports with the label ‘note,’ as these often do not include an explicit EPS estimate.(20) I limit my search to reports issued from brokerage houses to ensure that differences between individual and team forecasts are attributable to the team environment rather than to employment in a brokerage house per se, as Jacob et al. (2008) find that the incentives in a non-brokerage environment substantially differ from incentives present in brokerage houses."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2246992781,"citingcorpusid":125300096,"citedcorpusid":1775124,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["By the theorem in paper [55], the necessary and sufficient condition for system (4) without diffusion to have a Hopf bifurcation at E∗ is a1(0, τ) > 0, a3(0, τ) > 0 and f(0, τ) = p4(τ)/a 2 0 = 0."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":392892190,"citingcorpusid":13503471,"citedcorpusid":4428049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, the Arabidopsis F-box protein TIR1 mediates hormonal signaling by acting as an auxin receptor; auxin binding to TIR1 promotes the activity of SCFTIR1 in targeting Aux/IAA proteins for destruction (Dharmasiri et al., 2005; Kepinski and Leyser, 2005; Tan et al., 2007).","For example, the Arabidopsis F-box protein TIR1 mediates hormonal signaling by acting as an auxin receptor; auxin binding to TIR1 promotes the activity of SCF in targeting Aux/IAA proteins for destruction (Dharmasiri et al., 2005; Kepinski and Leyser, 2005; Tan et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":58490325,"citingcorpusid":24854470,"citedcorpusid":4428049,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["After auxin perception by TIR1, the Aux/IAA proteins are quickly recognized and labeled with ubiquitin for their degradation (Dharmasiri et al., 2005a; Kepinski and Leyser, 2005; Maraschin et al., 2009).","The plant hormone auxin stimulates the interaction of the F-box TIR1 (Dharmasiri et al., 2005a; Kepinski and Leyser, 2005) or its homologous AFBs (Dharmasiri et al., 2005b) with the AUX/IAA proteins.","The plant hormone auxin stimulates the interaction of the F-box TIR1 (Dharmasiri et al., 2005a; Kepinski and Leyser, 2005) or its homologous AFBs (Dharmasiri et al.","Taken together, our results indicate thatSKP2Abinds toauxin andmight act as anauxin receptor, similar to the TIR1-Aux/IAAcoreceptors (Dharmasiri et al., 2005a; Kepinski and Leyser, 2005; Tan et al., 2007).","Each value is the mean of the three degradation assays, and the error bars correspond to the SD.\nvalues that are a slightly higher than those obtained for TIR1-Aux/ IAA coreceptors (Dharmasiri et al., 2005a).","The auxin receptors described to date, TIR1 and AFB, mediate rapid degradation of Aux/IAA proteins to release the transcriptional potential of ARF proteins that induce the expression of auxin-regulated genes (Gray et al., 2001; Zenser et al., 2001; Dharmasiri et al., 2005b).","Recent studies have clearly shown that auxin stimulates the interaction between Aux/IAA proteins and the SCFTIR1 complex (Dharmasiri et al., 2005a; Kepinski and Leyser, 2005) or its homologous SCFAFBs (Dharmasiri et al., 2005b).","Recent studies have clearly shown that auxin stimulates the interaction between Aux/IAA proteins and the SCFTIR1 complex (Dharmasiri et al., 2005a; Kepinski and Leyser, 2005) or its homologous SCFAFBs (Dharmasiri et al.","values that are a slightly higher than those obtained for TIR1-Aux/ IAA coreceptors (Dharmasiri et al., 2005a).","However, since there are other TIR1-like AFBs that also function as auxin receptors (Dharmasiri et al., 2005b), we cannot rule out the possibility that one of these AFBs could be involved in SKP2A proteolysis."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1366036316,"citingcorpusid":160019194,"citedcorpusid":199578802,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…eliciting power but which will be expected to elicit the responses in the “natural” (performance) setting; and (3) arrange environmental conditions so that students can make the correct responses in the presence of those target stimuli and receive reinforcement for those responses (Gropper, 1987).","Behavioral theories imply that the job of the teacher/designer is to (1) determine which cues can elicit the desired responses; (2) arrange practice situations in which prompts are paired with the target stimuli that initially have no eliciting power but which will be expected to elicit the responses in the “natural” (performance) setting; and (3) arrange environmental conditions so that students can make the correct responses in the presence of those target stimuli and receive reinforcement for those responses (Gropper, 1987)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1843872917,"citingcorpusid":214322667,"citedcorpusid":4428049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This co-receptor system is the Transport Inhibitor Response 1/Auxin F-Box (TIR1/AFB) where auxin is perceived, forming the S-Phase Kinase Protein 1 (SKP1)-Cullin-F-box (SCF)-type E-type ubiquitin ligase nuclear complex (Dharmasiri et al., 2005; Kepinski and Leyser, 2004; Calderón Villalobos et al., 2012; Gray et al., 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1004475446,"citingcorpusid":83246517,"citedcorpusid":32583586,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…from PV-5 cells during approaching motion (expanding black bars) and lateral motion (drifting black and white gratings) in the presence and absence of 10 mM APB (L-(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid), which blocks the ON pathway (Slaughter and Miller 1981) (n = 5, for both spiking and inhibition).","To test whether the ON inhibition is required for approach sensitivity, I recorded from PV-5 cells during approaching motion (expanding black bars) and lateral motion (drifting black and white gratings) in the presence and absence of 10 mM APB (L-(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid), which blocks the ON pathway (Slaughter and Miller 1981) (n = 5, for both spiking and inhibition)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1004475615,"citingcorpusid":83246517,"citedcorpusid":2784687,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The so-called 'ON direction selective' ganglion cells consist of three types that are responsible for a feedback system that stabilises head movements in the accessory optic system (Buhl and Peichl 1986, Giolli et al. 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1989489110,"citingcorpusid":15820602,"citedcorpusid":4428049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This in vitro interaction involves auxin binding to\nSCFTIR1, leading to the identification of TIR1 as an auxin receptor (Dharmasiri et al., 2005; Kepinski and Leyser, 2005).","However, it was shown recently that TIR1 acts as an auxin receptor in cell-free soluble protein extracts to mediate the auxin-enhanced Aux/IAA–TIR1 interaction (Dharmasiri et al., 2005; Kepinski and Leyser, 2005).","This in vitro interaction involves auxin binding to SCFTIR1, leading to the identification of TIR1 as an auxin receptor (Dharmasiri et al., 2005; Kepinski and Leyser, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":848720029,"citingcorpusid":13151356,"citedcorpusid":4428049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…the related AUXIN RECEPTOR F-BOX PROTEINS (AFBs) accelerates the degradation of Aux/IAAs by promoting their interaction with the SCFTIR1/AFBs ubiquitin-ligase complex (Dharmasiri et al., 2005a, 2005b; Kepinski and Leyser, 2005), thereby derepressing the activity of ARF transcriptional activators."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1003768393,"citingcorpusid":83194395,"citedcorpusid":4428049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":948042505,"citingcorpusid":14205310,"citedcorpusid":4428049,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The degradation of Aux/IAAs results in the release of ARFs which can then activate the transcription of target genes via binding to the auxin responsive elements (AuxREs) present in the promoter regions of auxin-regulated genes (Hagen et al. 1991, Ulmasov et al. 1997, Hagen and Guilfoyle 2002).","The SCF complex targets Aux/IAAs to the proteasome, leading to their rapid degradation (Dharmasiri et al. 2005a, Dharmasiri et al. 2005b, Kepinski and Leyser 2005, Leyser 2006, Tan et al. 2007, Chapman and Estelle 2009).","These repressor ARFs are released in the absence of Sl-IAA27 in RNAi plants or upon auxin treatment.","…is known to lead to the degradation of the majority of Aux/IAA proteins which frees both activator and repressor ARFs (Dharmasiri et al. 2005a, Dharmasiri et al. 2005b, Kepinski and Leyser 2005, Leyser 2006, Tan et al. 2007, Chapman and Estelle 2009), it can be hypothesized that in normal…","To explain this apparent contradiction, it is possible to consider that these two genes are under competitive regulation by activator and repressor ARFs.","…that auxin accumulation is known to lead to the degradation of the majority of Aux/IAA proteins which frees both activator and repressor ARFs (Dharmasiri et al. 2005a, Dharmasiri et al. 2005b, Kepinski and Leyser 2005, Leyser 2006, Tan et al. 2007, Chapman and Estelle 2009), it can be…","That is, in the absence of auxin, Aux/IAAs can bind ARFs (auxin response factors) through domains III and IV present in the C-terminal part of both proteins and recruit the TOPLESS (TPL) co-repressors, thus preventing ARFs from activating the transcription of their target genes (Guilfoyle and Hagen 2007, Szemenyei et al. 2008).","Taking into account that auxin accumulation is known to lead to the degradation of the majority of Aux/IAA proteins which frees both activator and repressor ARFs (Dharmasiri et al. 2005a, Dharmasiri et al. 2005b, Kepinski and Leyser 2005, Leyser 2006, Tan et al. 2007, Chapman and Estelle 2009), it can be hypothesized that in normal situations the expression of genes related to Chl biosynthesis is down-regulated by one or more repressor ARFs that are trapped by Sl-IAA27 protein.","On the other hand, the release of activator ARFs in the presence of auxin may result in the up-regulation of HEMA1 and ProtoA genes observed in wild-type plants.","Taken together, the data suggest a complex and finely tuned mechanism of regulation of auxin responses involving Aux/IAAs and ARFs."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["background"],null,["background"],null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1140782247,"citingcorpusid":19327210,"citedcorpusid":4428049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For instance, the F-box protein TIR1/AFB can bind to the transcriptional repressor protein Aux/IAA, thus promoting their proteasomal degradation and activating auxin-induced transcription (Dharmasiri et al., 2005; Tan et al., 2007).","For instance, an F-box protein TIR1/AFB that acts as an auxin receptor, can bind to the transcriptional repressor protein Aux/IAA and promote their proteasomal degradation, activating transcription of related genes (Dharmasiri et al., 2005; Tan et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2288091007,"citingcorpusid":88544084,"citedcorpusid":85722085,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":797574377,"citingcorpusid":7625403,"citedcorpusid":7525422,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":942363082,"citingcorpusid":17041820,"citedcorpusid":6686195,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This observation suggests that the PRE acts like an ESE to promote adjacent splice site use.","The purine-rich element (PRE) that comprises the EIAV Rev (eRev) binding site is also involved in splicing regulation [59,60].","In vitro experiments demonstrated that SF2/ASF can bind the PRE [60,61].","Deletion of the PRE results in a marked increase in unspliced and Tat-encoding RNAs and a reduction in eRev RNA [58].","However, overexpression of SF2/ASF failed to promote use of the splice site adjacent to the PRE but rather increased the level of unspliced viral RNA and reduced the quantity of eRev RNA."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":3509701734,"citingcorpusid":231790132,"citedcorpusid":201215158,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":4021026125,"citingcorpusid":254479429,"citedcorpusid":231672722,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The meridional migration of the ITCZ in the northern tropical Andes is intertwined with other features of the atmospheric circulation and with different water vapor sources from the Caribbean Sea, the eastern Pacific Ocean, and the Atlantic/Amazon basin (Arias et al., 2021; Bedoya-Soto et al., 2019; Espinoza et al., 2020; Hoyos et al., 2018; Poveda et al., 2006; Poveda & Mesa, 2000; Sierra et al., 2021; Urrea et al., 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2710633317,"citingcorpusid":16925944,"citedcorpusid":119895639,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In NGC 3603, Eisenhauer et al. (1998) find both young stars (.","This is consistent with observations that massive stars are not always the last to form in their clusters (e.g. Eisenhauer et al. 1998; Hoogerwerf et al. 2001), and theoretical work showing that clumpiness greatly inhibits gas dispersal (Tan & McKee 2004; Dale et al. 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":824795420,"citingcorpusid":44563540,"citedcorpusid":42599420,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Rituximab, ocrelizumab, and ofatumumab produce profound, selective depletion of all\ncirculating CD20þ B cells but do not directly affect T cells [Stüve et al. 2009; Genovese et al. 2008; Liossis and Sfikakis, 2008; Silverman, 2006].","Rituximab, ocrelizumab, and ofatumumab produce profound, selective depletion of all circulating CD20þ B cells but do not directly affect T cells [Stüve et al. 2009; Genovese et al. 2008; Liossis and Sfikakis, 2008; Silverman, 2006]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":824794941,"citingcorpusid":44563540,"citedcorpusid":23380941,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2002], whereas CD8þ T cells can damage axons directly [McDole et al. 2006; Medana et al. 2001].","Activated CD4þTh1 cells contribute to inflammation in the CNS and may increase the permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB) [Delgado and Sheremata, 2006; Hemmer et al. 2002], whereas CD8þ T cells can damage axons directly [McDole et al. 2006; Medana et al. 2001]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4116928720,"citingcorpusid":258905852,"citedcorpusid":24780500,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3492646788,"citingcorpusid":208645893,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["2020;41(esp):e20190146\nThe study included patients who had participated in both RCT groups and went to the nursing consultation that was carried out six months after they were finished.","During the RCT, patients were monitored in weekly nursing consultations, until they were discharged due to the scarring of the ulcer, or after 16 weeks of treatment had been completed.","The sample of the study was made up of 38 patients with 78 VUs, from a Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT)((7,12)) that tested the LPLT as an adjunct treatment to the conventional one.","The sample of the study was made up of 38 patients with 78 VUs, from a Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT)(7,12) that tested the LPLT as an adjunct treatment to the conventional one.","edge of patients about cardiac insufficiency and found better scores after a six-month follow-up((12))."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2609215583,"citingcorpusid":25485033,"citedcorpusid":12510698,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…whether this is due to education per se or related to lifetime occupation and or level of cognitive exercise is debated (Green et al., 2000; Shenkin et al., 2003; Lustig and Buckner, 2004; Staff et al., 2004; Gatz et al., 2007; McDowell et al., 2007; Ngandu et al., 2007; Perneczky et al., 2007).","…(Kramer et al., 1999; Colcombe et al., 2003) and education (Green et al., 2000; Shenkin et al., 2003; Lustig and Buckner, 2004; Staff et al., 2004; Gatz et al., 2007; McDowell et al., 2007; Ngandu et al., 2007; Perneczky et al., 2007) appear to have clear protective effects on cognitive…","…a higher level of functioning with the same level of pathology such that no decline is identified on cognitive testing (Green et al., 2000; Shenkin et al., 2003; Lustig and Buckner 2004; Staff et al., 2004; Gatz et al., 2007; McDowell et al., 2007; Ngandu et al., 2007; Perneczky et al., 2007).","For the latter, whether this is due to education per se or related to lifetime occupation and or level of cognitive exercise is debated (Green et al., 2000; Shenkin et al., 2003; Lustig and Buckner, 2004; Staff et al., 2004; Gatz et al., 2007; McDowell et al., 2007; Ngandu et al., 2007; Perneczky et al., 2007).","It is also unclear whether education lowers the risk of dementia or acts to allow a higher level of functioning with the same level of pathology such that no decline is identified on cognitive testing (Green et al., 2000; Shenkin et al., 2003; Lustig and Buckner 2004; Staff et al., 2004; Gatz et al., 2007; McDowell et al., 2007; Ngandu et al., 2007; Perneczky et al., 2007).",", 2003) and education (Green et al., 2000; Shenkin et al., 2003; Lustig and Buckner, 2004; Staff et al., 2004; Gatz et al., 2007; McDowell et al., 2007; Ngandu et al., 2007; Perneczky et al., 2007) appear to have clear protective effects on cognitive functioning and possible reduction in incident dementia."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":822105494,"citingcorpusid":524169,"citedcorpusid":85993019,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["bark beetle densities healthy and unhealthy trees were killed (Wallin and Raffa 2002); the latter corresponds to our case.","However, some authors have demonstrated the role of density in host selection, indicating that at low beetle density the selected hosts are mainly stressed trees, whereas in high beetle density every tree is a potential host (Wallin and Raffa 2002).","role of density in host selection, indicating that at low beetle density the selected hosts are mainly stressed trees, whereas in high beetle density every tree is a potential host (Wallin and Raffa 2002).","…density does not greatly affect the results of this study because it has been shown that at low beetle densities, I. confusus are only found in stressed trees, whereas at high bark beetle densities healthy and unhealthy trees were killed (Wallin and Raffa 2002); the latter corresponds to our case."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":841541575,"citingcorpusid":13824320,"citedcorpusid":37052010,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Gupta S, 2014 [37] MS-HRM (%) 66/36 48.","BRCA1 was investigated in seven studies and thus the most frequently investigated gene [16, 20, 24, 27, 30, 37, 39].","Importantly, all these studies reported a rather higher frequency of methylated BRCA1 in BC cases than in healthy controls, although the differences were only statistically significant in four studies [16, 20, 24, 37].","Hypermethylation of BRCA1 promoter was associated with increased BC risk, which was confirmed in two independent studies [16, 37] (Fig."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":1881323352,"citingcorpusid":215540790,"citedcorpusid":128955743,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", Klug and Cashman 1996; Westrich and Eichelberger 1994), and the process may be enhanced by shear strain (Burgisser and Gardner 2005; Okumura et al. 2006).","…well below those in magmatic foam (ie., at porosities 52\n3\n<<75%, the packing limit for equal sized spherical bubbles; e.g., Klug and Cashman, 1996; 53 Westrich and Eichelberger, 1994), and the process may be enhanced by shear strain 54 (Burgisser and Gardner, 2005; Okumura et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1593394403,"citingcorpusid":40449143,"citedcorpusid":31596083,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The other issue of reducing false alarms can be solved by either spatial filters [3-5] or temporal filters [6-8].","Cloud clutter around edge produces huge number of false detections, which can be reduced using the mean filter [9], median filter [9], least mean square filter [10,11], and morphological Top-Hat filter [5,12]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1524646858,"citingcorpusid":24978948,"citedcorpusid":23982679,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Variations in blood levels have been shown to be resulted from the absorption of various drug formulations [4, 5]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2950918775,"citingcorpusid":220923257,"citedcorpusid":3001793,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Such a scheme generally consists of three phases:[33] Training, transformation and matching.","This category works well when the angle between the sagittal plane of the person and the image plane is small; otherwise it fails.[33] Furthermore, these methods are sensitive to noise which negatively affects recognition rates.","Appearance‐based cross‐view gait recognition schemes typically fall under one of the following descriptions:[33] (1) those that use multiple cameras or camera calibrations to construct a three‐dimensional (3‐D) model; (2) those that aim at extracting view‐invariant gait features; and (3) those that aim at learning cross‐view mapping relationships of gait features."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1425096507,"citingcorpusid":173985369,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["studies have been conducted by some researchers (Ali, 2004; Otto et al., 2011; Jalali and Babaei, 2012; Khalid et al., 2013 and Shahzadet al., 2013).","To this effect, several studies have been conducted by some researchers (Ali, 2004; Otto et al., 2011; Jalali and Babaei, 2012; Khalid et al., 2013 and Shahzadet al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1613293767,"citingcorpusid":201631952,"citedcorpusid":3874340,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The C10-CoA ligand bound into a long narrow tunnel that runs deep into the protein beneath the bound FAD molecule, similarly to that described for other ACAD structures.(46-53) Interestingly, only one molecule of C10-CoA per dimer could be confidently placed into the electron density maps, which corresponded to the conformation of Trp428 beneath the re-face of the FAD molecule.","Typically a hydrophobic residue such as phenylalanine is found at the position of Asn171 in “conventional” catalytically active ACADs.","Interestingly, we were unable to detect any dehydrogenation activity; likewise no significant dehydrogenase activity has been reported for other divergent ACADs.(49,51-56) Moreover, the structure of Bd2924 reveals that the chemistry of the conserved active site residue Glu429 may be altered by participating in a hydrogen bond with Asn171.","The tetrameric assembly of divergent ACADs appears to block the proposed docking site of electron transferring flavoprotein (ETF).54,55 Interestingly, we were unable to detect any dehydrogenation activity; likewise no significant dehydrogenase activity has been reported for other divergent ACADs.49,51-56 Moreover, the structure of Bd2924 reveals that the chemistry of the conserved active site residue Glu429 may be altered by participating in a hydrogen bond with Asn171.","Our initial interest arose in Bd2924 when it was first identified as a potential novel cyclic di-GMP (cdG) interacting protein.(51) CdG is an almost universally important bacterial secondary messenger molecule influencing growth and a range of behaviors such as motility, virulence, biofilm formation, cell cycle progression and (in Bdellovibrio) control of predation.","Bd2924 shares the common ACAD fold,53 and is most closely related to the divergent ACADs, AidB, and ACDH-11.","Provided by Christopher J. Harding and Andrew L. Lovering\nAcyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs) are a large and important class of metabolic enzymes with diverse functions.","This may not be entirely surprising, considering the highly conserved fold within the ACAD superfamily and the presence of highly similar homologs (AidB and ACDH-11) in the PDB that could act as templates.","A major drawback to the models is the lack of precision regarding Bd2924 interaction with its cofactor FAD, which is an integral part of the structure of ACADs.53","Bd2924 shares the common ACAD fold,(53) and is most closely related to the divergent ACADs, AidB, and ACDH-11.(49-53) Bd2924 can be divided into four distinct domains: an N-terminal α-helical domain that is interrupted by a single β-sheet projection (residues 3-168), a central β-sheet domain formed by two orthogonal four-stranded antiparallel β-sheets (residues 169-285), a central α-helical domain (residues 286-449) and a short C-terminal α-helical domain (residues 450-505) (Figure 6A).","Notably, the models were able to correctly predict the structural features of divergent ACADs and the tetrameric assembly.","This is likely due to the loop being a relative insertion in the primary sequence of Bd2924 in comparison to templates AidB and ACDH-11.","ACADs typically catalyze the α,β-dehydrogenation of various CoA-fused substrates, linked to the β-oxidation cycle and amino acid metabolism.46 In contrast to traditional roles, recent studies have highlighted a number of ACAD homologs that have important physiological functions beyond β-oxidation, such as responses to environmental stresses, DNA repair, and adaptation to heat.47-50\nHere we investigated a putative ACAD, Bd2924, from the obligate predatory bacterium, B. bacteriovorus."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],null,["background"],null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":2532429255,"citingcorpusid":7231307,"citedcorpusid":7778894,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…(ii) ∼10% from giant flares within 30 Mpc\n(Tanvir et al. 2005); (iii) < 15% from the lack of local host galaxies for several well-localized short GRBs (Nakar et al. 2006); (iv) a few percent contamination from the absence of giant flares from galaxies in the Virgo cluster (Popov & Stern 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3543476953,"citingcorpusid":239001608,"citedcorpusid":49596421,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The data-based encryption of sensitive information is vital; the algorithms based on encryption are intended to secure informational data and guarantee confidentiality and the main approved recipient can get access to the decryption form of data [3].","Good algorithms must be tested to meet the necessities of the security which ensure the components of encryption [3, 6].","This article surveys and condenses different systems of image encryption in order to advance improvement of image encryption strategies that encourage expanded adaptability and security [3].","S Geetha et al. (2018) proposed an investigation of encryption which is measured as one of the procedures that guarantee the security of images utilized in different areas like safe medical imaging services, military intelligence, e-banking, internet and intranet communication, image communication…"],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2199169386,"citingcorpusid":24826604,"citedcorpusid":11276611,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Chen et al. (2011) concluded that BAC degrades the barrier integrity of corneal endothelium with a concomitant disruption of PAMR disruption and remodeling of the apical junctional complex.","Further, there are several reports of ocular toxicities, such as irritation and corneal damage, and intranasal toxicity of mucosal membranes (Chen et al. 2011; Cho et al. 2000; Griffith et al. 1980).","To determine the influence of BAC on corneal alternations, Chen et al. (2011) applied BAC twice a day for 4 days to one eye of male NZW rabbits at concentrations of 0.01%, 0.05%, or 0.1%, and contralateral untreated eyes served as controls."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1623047604,"citingcorpusid":208754943,"citedcorpusid":96017295,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Biochemical estimations The separated serum was subjected to biochemical estimation of different parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) [17], alkaline phosphatase (ALP) [18], lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [19], γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) [20], total bilirubin [21], total protein [22], cholesterol [23], triglycerides [24], and reduced glutathione [25]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1823513041,"citingcorpusid":89119225,"citedcorpusid":96017295,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The lower chloroform phase was made upto a known volume and aliquots taken for the analysis of total cholesterol (Parekh and Jung, 1970), free cholesterol (Hron and Menahan, 1981), triglyceride (Schenk et al.","The lower chloroform phase was made upto a known volume and aliquots taken for the analysis of total cholesterol (Parekh and Jung, 1970), free cholesterol (Hron and Menahan, 1981), triglyceride (Schenk et al., 1975), phospholipids (Rouser et al., 1970) and free fatty acids (Rice, 1970)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2076449460,"citingcorpusid":151253774,"citedcorpusid":21154179,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["2014; Brass 2001), and is associated with individuals and social structure (Dageid and Grønlie 2015; Harpham et al. 2002).","It has been defined as the summation of resources that employees derive from specific social structures via the network of relationships, which are used to pursue their shared interests (Harpham et al. 2002; Folland and Rocco 2014).","SC facilitates cooperative actions to support employees in hazardous work environments (Erickson 2017; Bernabé and Botia 2015; Derose and Varda 2009a; Harpham et al. 2002).","2014; Brien and Smallman 2011) and is related to individual and social structures (Dageid and Grønlie 2015; Harpham et al. 2002).","highlights the role of interpersonal relationships in employee productivity (Bernabé and Botia 2015; Derose and Varda 2009a; Harpham et al. 2002).","Scholars argued that the influence of SC on burnout can occur at the individual and organisational level (Harpham et al. 2002; Hughes et al. 2014; Mccallum and O’connell 2009).","properties of a social system such as an organisation (Harpham et al. 2002), focusing on the pattern of relationships among employees themselves and their managers (Mccallum and O’connell 2009).","Cognitive component of SC describes the values and perceptions of people (Harpham et al. 2002).","SC is sometimes categorised into four general categories: collective efficacy, social trust and reciprocity, participation in voluntary organisations and social integration (Harpham et al. 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2484896328,"citingcorpusid":85774526,"citedcorpusid":82554092,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Aquatic environments show great spatial variability in abiotic and biotic parameters (Lowe-McConnell, 1987)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3546627985,"citingcorpusid":239016380,"citedcorpusid":16238801,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This leaves us with four candidates: Basin-hopping (Olson et al. 2012) works best for objec-tive functions which are “funnel-like”. differential evolution (Storn and Price 1997) and dual annealing (Xiang and Gong 2000) rely on stochastic minimization instead of analyzing the function landscape.","This leaves us with four candidates: Basin-hopping (Olson et al. 2012) works best for objective functions which are “funnel-like”."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2112602090,"citingcorpusid":152124856,"citedcorpusid":144526103,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In sports organizations, taken for granted norms, values and assumptions produce discourses that preserve and normalize the privilege of those already holding power (Cunningham 2008; Knoppers and Anthonissen 2008).","Cunningham (2008) suggests that in order for organizational change to take place there needs to be a competitive (where some groups support change) or reformative (where all groups express dissatisfaction with the organization) commitment present.","Other factors deter women from maintaining and increasing their representation in sports leadership, including a lack of mentoring and role models (Avery, Tonidandel, and Phillips 2008), gender-role stereotyping (Burton et al. 2009) and work–family conflict (Cunningham 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1520916426,"citingcorpusid":129735687,"citedcorpusid":140164474,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The suite belongs to the anorthosite–charnockite kindred (Jackson 1979) but, of the\nrange of similar associations elsewhere in Africa (Clifford 1974), O’okiep is unique in its base metal wealth.","T. N. Clifford (*) : E. S. Barton School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa e-mail: tom.clifford@wits.ac.za\n(Fig.","The Springbok Mine was the first formal mine in South Africa: it was opened 15 years before Daniel Jacob’s children picked up the first alluvial diamond (a 21.75-carat stone) in the Orange River, 18 years before farmer De Klerk unearthed the first kimberlite diamond (a 50-carat stone) on Farm Jagersfontein and 34 years before the discovery of the great Witwatersrand goldfields by GeorgeWalker and George Harrison.","Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the following for financial support in the preparation of this work for publication: the School of Geosciences and the Economic Geology Research Institute of the University of the Witwatersrand, and the Alex Geddes Bain Trust and the Alfred Frost Fund of the Geological Society of South Africa.","We also thank the following: Koos Beukes, Gerhardt Schreuder, Bert de V. Packham, and the late Jan Marais of the O’okiep Copper Company for invaluable discussions at O’okiep; Lyn Whitfield, Di du Toit, and Henia Czekanowska for high-quality artwork; Bruce Cairncross for permission to use the photograph of chalcocite; Maria Atanasova, Council for Geoscience (South Africa), for XRD analyses and SEM images; Elson Oliveira for a summary of the Caraiba Suite, Brazil (see “Electronic supplementary material”); and Carl Anhaeusser, Grant Cawthorn, Jean-Clair Duchesne, Wolf Maier, and the two proficient Mineralium Deposita reviewers, all of whose critiques resulted in real improvements in the presentation of these data.","In the west, the Gariep Supergroup of supracrustal sedimentary and volcanic rocks crop out in the Gariep Belt of Late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian (Pan-African) orogenesis along the Atlantic Coast (Fig."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":2897702161,"citingcorpusid":161669519,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["im globalen Wettbewerb\nVeränderung in Prozent\n(linke Skala)\nGesamtumsatz in Mrd. US-Dollar\n(rechte Skala)\n2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006\n25\n20\n15\n10\n5\n0\n700\n600\n500\n400\n300\n200\n100\n0\nQuelle: IMS World Review 2007.","Abbildung 2.4: Entwicklung des weltweiten Pharmaumsatzes in Milliarden US-Dollar und konstanten Preisen\nQuelle: Prognose des HWWI.","Quelle: Statistisches Bundesamt 2007.","OECD (2007c) Bildung auf einen Blick: OECD-Indikatoren, Zusammenfassung in Deutsch, (http://www.bmbf.de/pub/zusammenfassung_eag.pdf) (Stand: 03.04.2008).","Un\nt.) Dä ne m ar k Sc hw ed en Po rtu ga l\nNi ed\ner lan\nde\nÖs te\nrrr eic\nh\nCh in\na 2 00\n8 Sc hw eiz Sin ga pu r Irl an d D 20 06\n45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10\n5 0\nQuellen: Brügelmann 2008 und Research PricewaterhouseCoopers.","In diesem Sinne sind die\nQuelle: PISA-Konsortium Deutschland 2007.","Bezogen auf das Bruttoinlandsprodukt lagen die (öffentlichen und privaten) Bildungsausgaben in 2004 laut OECD 2007c mit 5,2 % erstens unter dem Wert von 1995 (5,5","Quelle: OECD 2007a.\nEs zeigt sich, dass Deutschland im OECD-Vergleich die geringste steuerliche Forschungsförderung betreibt.","OECD (2007a) Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2007, Paris 2007 (http://titania.sourceoecd.org/vl=499131/cl=45/nw=1/rpsv/sti2007/index.htm) (Stand: 03.04.2008).","Quelle: OECD 2008\nAbbildung 2.9: F&E-Ausgaben der deutschen Pharmabranche in Millionen Euro\nAbbildung 2.10: Pharmaproduktion in Deutschland\n3000\n4000\n2000\n1000\n0 1995\n1250\n1997\n1893\n2001\n2277\n2003\n3059\n2005\n3390\n1999\n2090\n2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006\n8 20\n10 25\n6 15\n4 10\n0 0\n2 5\nVeränderung in Prozent (linke Skala) Produktion in Mrd. Euro (rechte Skala)\nDeutschland ist bei den klinischen Studien führend in Europa.","%) höher (vgl. OECD 2007b, S. 40).","Tabelle 2.3: Die größten Pharmamärkte, Großhandelsumsätze in Millionen US-Dollar\nLand Umsatz 2006 Umsatz 2005\nUSA 197 802 184 196\nJapan 56 675 60 273\nDeutschland 27 668 26 733\nFrankreich 25 630 24 520\nGroßbritannien 15 666 14 985\nItalien 14 942 14 496\nKanada 13 719 11 994\nSpanien 11 629 10 852\nMexiko 8 096 7 481\nBrasilien 8 366 6 760\nAusgewählte Märkte insgesamt 388 281 370 015\nQuelle: IMS Drug Monitor 2008.","Der Großteil der Firmen ist im Bereich der Arzneimittel-\nQuelle: World Trade Organization 2008.","Die Erzeugung kleiner Verbesserungen statt\nAbbildung 2.3: Unternehmenszusammenschlüsse\nin der Pharmabranche, in Milliarden US-Dollar\nQuelle: PricewaterhouseCoopers 2008.","Dem entgegen stehen die Nachteile möglicher Streuverluste und Mitnahmeeffekte, geringe Beeinflussbarkeit der Forschungsprojekte und -ziele sowie der schwierigen Planbarkeit hinsichtlich der Budgetwirkung im Staatshaushalt (vgl. OECD 2007a und Elineau / Stahl-Rolf 2006).","Quelle: Eurostat 2008a, OECD 2008\nIrland 1,32\nGroßbritannien 2,03\nChina 1,44\nDeutschland 2,51\nUSA 2,62\nFinnland 3,45\nSchweden 3,82\nFrankreich 2,12\nSchweiz 2,93\n0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4\n3,4 3,4\n5,7 1,1\n4,5 1,2\n3,9 1,7\n3,7 1,1\n3,3 1,5\n4,9 1,8\nIrland\nSchweiz\nDeutschland\nNiederlande\nFrankreich\nEU-27\nFinnland\nGroßbritannien 3,9 1\n0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7\nAnteil Männer\nAnteil Frauen\n22 HWWI Policy | Report Nr. 7 des HWWI-Kompetenzbereiches Wirtschaftliche Trends\nFür die langfristige Verfügbarkeit von Fachkräften ist weiterhin die Bildungspolitik eines Landes von entscheidender Bedeutung.","652008 | Michael Bräuninger, Thomas Straubhaar, Volker Fitzner, Georg A. Teichmann Politik-Check Pharmastandort Deutschland: Potenziale erkennen – Chancen nutzen\nQuelle: OECD 2007c.\nerhöhen.","0 10 20 30 40\nin 1000\n50 60 70 80 90\n30\n30\n37\n40\n85\nKobe Kansai 1,8\nVancouver 2,6\nHyderabad 8\nCambridge 10\nMünchen 20\nBasel\nBoston\nSan Diego\nMedicon Valley\nSan Francisco\nSeoul 12,2\nAbbildung 4.4: Beschäftigte\nin Biotech-Clustern\nQuelle: Scion DTU 2007.","Alleine zwischen 2000 und 2005 nahm ihre Zahl laut OECD 2007c von 1,8 auf 2,7 Millionen zu.","Quelle: OECD 2007a.\nAbbildung 4.3: Wagniskapital in Prozent des Bruttoinlandsprodukts im internationalen Vergleich\nDänemark Schweden Großbritannien Südkorea1\n1) 2001 data 2) 2002 data 3) For New Zealand (2005), allocation between early stages and expansion is an estimation based on 2001 allocation.","Quelle: IMS World Review 2007.","Die Gesundheitswirtschaft ist jetzt schon einer der zentralen Wachs-\nQuelle: The Boston Consulting Group, 2006, 2007 und 2008.","« (Vertreter einer deutschen Forschungseinrichtung)\n552008 | Michael Bräuninger, Thomas Straubhaar, Volker Fitzner, Georg A. Teichmann Politik-Check Pharmastandort Deutschland: Potenziale erkennen – Chancen nutzen\nAbbildung 3.1: Auswertung von Kurzfragen / Thesen zum Standort Deutschland\nQuellen: HWWI, PWC.\nFrage / These Stimme nicht zu\n1\n1.","Quellen: Eurostat 2008a, OECD 2008.","Im internationalen Vergleich liegen die deutschen Lehrergehälter am oberen Rand (vgl. OECD 2007c), jedoch sind sie nur schwach ausdifferenziert."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],null,null,["background"],["background"],["background"],null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1587388690,"citingcorpusid":13293314,"citedcorpusid":41292312,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Shifts in peak latencies and/or amplitudes can indicate neurologic compromise occurring from operative manipulation, circulatory compromise and increases in intracranial pressure [5, 6, 7]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1587388875,"citingcorpusid":13293314,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Therapeutic intervention and correction of the pathologic condition has been associated with improvement in evoked potential measures [8, 9, 7, 10].","Shifts in peak latencies and/or amplitudes can indicate neurologic compromise occurring from operative manipulation, circulatory compromise and increases in intracranial pressure [5, 6, 7]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3927733906,"citingcorpusid":237870098,"citedcorpusid":33099827,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["B 3760200301 2 Gossip—a sender communicating to a receiver about a target who is absent or unaware of the content (for reviews of gossip definitions, see [14,15])—is a key element in reputation-based cooperation."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3795973298,"citingcorpusid":233691245,"citedcorpusid":33099827,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["marised by Foster (2004), gossip functions to achieve the formation, adaptation, and maintenance of social networks.","As summarised by Foster (2004), gossip functions to achieve the formation, adaptation, and maintenance of social networks."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1121274417,"citingcorpusid":147380705,"citedcorpusid":33099827,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Spack 1982 (cited in Foster, 2004:85) further\nclaims that gossip functions as “the sheer fun which for most gossipers explains their involvement”, which simultaneously convinces that gossiping can gratify the gossiper with amusement.","This sentence has an information function as it primarily supplies factual and real information (Foster, 2004) that the religious misdeed reported by the police is possibly wrong.","The above statement exposes the information function of gossip inasmuch as the speaker simply narrates her experiences to sing at the State Palace, providing information (Foster, 2004).","This gossip provides the information necessary for survival (Barkow, 1992 cited in Foster, 2004) such as to preserve news and evaluations about relatives, rivals, or offspring to control resources, sexual activities, or reliable friendships, e.g. “social animals” needs to be aware of “who is in and…","In elaborating upon the six hedges found and their implicit-explicit meanings, each explanation is provided based on the framework of Lakoff (1973), Foster (1990) and Hyland (1996a-b).","In this case, gossip is one of the sources of social knowledge and the proper way to live and behave (Foster, 2004). e.g. the artist (X) will marry (Y).","Influence Function In the followings sentences, examples of the influence function of gossip can be seen: (a) “I don’t want to tell other people [what to do];\nit’s about sharing,” Tina said as quoted by news portal kapanLagi.com.","In this case, the speaker wants the readers to believe (Foster, 2004) that the performance is a remarkable show.","In this context, the speaker narrates what he/ she experienced (Foster, 2004:84).","Influence Function Foster (2004) mentions that gossip is confessed as an efficient social mechanism, purposeful for reforming or for stigmatizing the sinner to behave, influencing what someone should or should not do from hearing gossip, e.g. the intimate talk on corruption cases is designated to…","It possibly leads the readers to believe that Agnes utilizes her presence as a tool to be internationally recognized (Foster, 2004).","Tracking the category of Foster (2004) about gossip functions, the","They attempt to maintain friendship with the readers by being low- profile so that the speaker may gain the reader’s sympathy as shared “social meaning” (Abraham, 1970 cited in Foster, 2004: 85).","In this case, he is merely sharing his experience by “disseminating information” (Foster, 2004:84).","Prominently, the information function is apparent in this statement as it only “disseminates information” (Foster, 2004:84) about Sandra’s belongings of 10 gadgets, in which she probably intends to amaze her readers while simultaneously showing her high social status.","Through gossip, people or participants involved maintain friendship and intimacy, deal with the sharing of norms, and establish boundaries to distinguish insiders from outsiders (Foster, 2004:85).","Elaborating upon gossip in a more detailed manner, Foster (2004) created six functions of gossip, which include: information, entertainment, friendship,\ninfluence, evolutionary and dynamic utility, and guilt.","She maintains friendship and intimacy “through the sharing of norms” with the readers (Foster, 2004:85).","Foster (2004) mentions six functions of gossip which are closely related to social functions:\nInformation Function It is a device to exchange information which can lead to the individual’s capability to map the social environment.","sources of social knowledge and the proper way to live and behave (Foster, 2004).","Information Function In these sentences below, the information function of gossip is apparent through: (a) ”That’s the first moment I started to think about\ndirecting,” Ed said.","It then possibly leads the readers to believe her opinion (Foster, 2004) and use jackets with many fabrics that may suit certain situations.","Evolutionary Utility This concept derives from “evolutionary biology” (Foster, 2004:87).","Tracking the category of Foster (2004) about gossip functions, the analysis is categorized into six groups: Information function, Entertainment function, Friendship function, Influence function, Evolutionary utility, and Dynamic utility and guilt.","readers not to do anything about his statement but to guard the flow of the information (Foster, 2004).","by a woman to her friends about others who are hospitalized (Foster, 2004).","…evaluations about relatives, rivals, or offspring to control resources, sexual activities, or reliable friendships, e.g. “social animals” needs to be aware of “who is in and out…who is friends with whom…who is the best ally” to keep the track of social world (Dunbar, 1994 cited in Foster 2004:87).","The absence of evolutionary utility, dynamic utility, and guilt function might be associated with the functions of such gossip which are to break the norms of the society (Foster, 2004).","Under Foster’s (2004) categorizations, the following examples are provided as elaborations upon the three gossip functions discovered in the gossip articles:","In this regard, gossip not only can have different forms and functions to release anger, guilt and anxiety (positive), but also can be seen to break the norms in a negative way which results in guilt (Foster, 2004), e.","Influence Function Foster (2004) mentions that gossip is confessed as an efficient social mechanism, purposeful for reforming or for stigmatizing the sinner to behave, influencing what someone should or should not do from hearing gossip, e.g. the intimate talk on corruption cases is designated to remind others not to do the same thing.","…academic writing (Hyland’s, 1996a; 1996b), and in the context of men’s and women’s speech (Holmes, 1990), hedges used in celebrity gossip are framed to create a positive image through the information function and are used to lead a follower’s opinion through influence functions (Foster, 2004).","This statement is included in the information function as the speaker informs the readers how his mind works, which seemingly leads the readers not to do anything about his statement but to guard the flow of the information (Foster, 2004).","Elaborating upon gossip in a more detailed manner, Foster (2004) created six functions of gossip, which","Conducting research in Systemic Functional Linguistics, he concluded that “clauses in English Language are the main and most important forms of meaning carriers” (Adenan, 2001:232).","Negative gossip is required to investigate a figure or subject who is being gossiped about the bad side of the subject (Fox, 2001) while positive gossip signals positive side of the news. Exploring gossip in relation to culture, Baumeister, Zhang & Vohs (2004) view gossip as culture learning.","…gossip not only can have different forms and functions to release anger, guilt and anxiety (positive), but also can be seen to\nbreak the norms in a negative way which results in guilt (Foster, 2004), e.g. incessant gossip by a woman to her friends about others who are hospitalized (Foster, 2004).","As mentioned by Foster (2004), gossip can function to control others."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1667548268,"citingcorpusid":150412632,"citedcorpusid":33099827,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Le « gossip » peut également servir à l’expression d’évaluation positive chez les jeunes (Baumeister, Zhang et Vohs, 2004; Eder et Enke, 1991; Foster, 2004; Levin et Arluke, 1985)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":891245964,"citingcorpusid":14619089,"citedcorpusid":33099827,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We will also use the distinction raised by others where gossip is spread among individuals who know and trust each other, and rumors are spread freely among interested parties who lack these trust relationships (Bergmann, 1993; Foster, 2004; Orr, 1999; Smith, Lukas, & Latkin, 1999).","…the situation directly, the vicarious information involves talk about third parties, which can be considered a form of gossip (e.g., Arno, 1980; Ayim, 1994; Bergmann, 1993; Eder & Enke, 1991; Foster, 2004;\nMerry, 1984; Morreall, 1994; Nevo & Nevo, 1993; Spacks, 1982, 1985; Wert & Salovey, 2004)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3553387772,"citingcorpusid":239152247,"citedcorpusid":33099827,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Foster (2004) implied four major\nfunctions of gossiping: a) As a mechanism\nof information exchange, b) As an entertainment, c) As a portal to brings groups together and d) As a way to be influential."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1767157053,"citingcorpusid":193408710,"citedcorpusid":15569173,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["(16) Linking Problem Parameters are defined over abstract linguistic entities such as verbs, nouns and pronouns, so the infant still faces the problem of linking these abstract mental representations to actual physical entities in the speech signal (Gervain and Mehler (2010) 194, cfr.","…Linking Problem\nParameters are defined over abstract linguistic entities such as verbs, nouns and pronouns, so the infant still faces the problem of linking these abstract mental representations to actual physical entities in the speech signal (Gervain and Mehler (2010) 194, cfr. Pinker (1984)).","(3)See for example Gilligan (1987) and Nicolis (2008) for a critical review of the prevalence of the clustering properties related to the positive setting of the NSP.","(16) Linking Problem Parameters are defined over abstract linguistic entities such as verbs, nouns and pronouns, so the infant still faces the problem of linking these abstract mental representations to actual physical entities in the speech signal (Gervain and Mehler (2010) 194, cfr. Pinker (1984))."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3767292154,"citingcorpusid":198390488,"citedcorpusid":97797950,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Concerning the reaction pathway of EHN, previous studies agree on the main decomposition steps [12, 13, 21].","In order to fundamentally understand EHN effect, previous academic studies investigated the EHN effect on the autoignition of gasoline fuels having a different reactivity [12, 13]."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1178168694,"citingcorpusid":135188576,"citedcorpusid":5196526,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["De Wit (2011) noted the homogenous salinity in the centre of coastal lagoons of Europe and the fluctuating salinity gradients along their borders.","…will lead to more pronounced changes in bottom vegetation, including swamping by Ph. australis, which was capable of growing in waters with 10–15‰ salinity or more, and often formed extensive stands in the borders of the coastal lagoons where freshwater inflow was observed (De Wit, 2011).","These habitats have a high conservation statute, since their biodiversity has dramatically decreased since the 1950’s in many coastal lagoons in Europe due to anthropogenic load and pollution (De Wit, 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":104210762,"citingcorpusid":14933002,"citedcorpusid":8595170,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This work reflects both the search for ‘‘independent’’ ( Susser 1998 ) and acknowledgment of ‘‘fundamental’’ determinants of health (Link and Phelan 1995), and the growing appreciation of the complexity of causal pathways in health outcomes, with both fundamental and proximal determinants of health playing important roles (Boerma and Weir 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1195729407,"citingcorpusid":192089734,"citedcorpusid":109263228,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["évidence du lieu de second claquage est possible, et la figure 1 est un exemple de tracé des caractéristiques de sortie relevé par la méthode de Nakagiri [3] sur un transistor MOS plan à structure classique."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2658854563,"citingcorpusid":118590429,"citedcorpusid":119839881,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The flexibility of modern Web technology-based environments in different kinds of materials, different levels of students (novice, experts), and different learning paths is conceived as a strong benefit (Alaj¨a¨aski, 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2267299092,"citingcorpusid":113513592,"citedcorpusid":55710027,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…(2009) Emporia Dam (Meherrin River) AFS (1990), QUINN (1994), ASMFC (2008)\nEssex Dam, Lawrence (Merrimack River) MILLER (1993), BROWN et al. (2006), DAVIS AND SCHULTZ (2009), TCAFMMRB (2010), KEER (2011), LAWRENCE HYDROELECTRIC ASSOCIATES (2013)\nPawtucket Dam, Lowell (Merrimack River)\nMILLER…","…(2014)\nUSA (20)\nHolyoke Dam [Robert E. Barrett Fishway] (Connecticut River) BARRY and KYNARD (1986), KILLAM and PARSONS (1986), ASMFC (2008), DAVIS and SCHULTZ (2009) Emporia Dam (Meherrin River) AFS (1990), QUINN (1994), ASMFC (2008)\nEssex Dam, Lawrence (Merrimack River) MILLER (1993),…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1046799542,"citingcorpusid":113513592,"citedcorpusid":84212672,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…and LARINIER (2002a), DELMOULY et al. (2007), CROZE et al. (2008), MIGADO (2014, 2015)\nCarbonne (Garonne) MIGADO (2010, 2013)\nTuilières (Dordogne)\nTRAVADE and LARINIER (1992), FAO/DVWK (2002), LARINIER and TRAVADE (2006), EPIDOR (2006), DE MOMBYNES-LEMÉNAGER (2007), MIGADO (2014, 2015)\nBergerac…","At sites with limited space, water level fluctuations and big heights, special solutions like lifts or locks evolved (TRAVADE and LARINIER, 1992, 2002; ARCADIS, 2015) and if the position of the entrance (findability) is correct, those technical solutions could be the optimal layout to overcome…","…LARINIER and TRAVADE (2006), DE MOMBYNES-LEMÉNAGER (2007), PHILIPPART (2009)\nGolfech (Garonne)\nGRÉGOIRE and TRAVADE (1987), TRAVADE et al. (1992), TRAVADE and LARINIER (1992), BALLERIVA and BELAUD (1998), CHANSEAU et al. (2000), TRAVADE and LARINIER (2002a), DELMOULY et al. (2007), CROZE et al.…","…DE MOMBYNES-LEMÉNAGER (2007), MIGADO (2014, 2015)\nBergerac = Salvette (Dordogne) DE MOMBYNES-LEMÉNAGER (2007), EPIDOR (2009) Castet (Gave d`Ossau) TRAVADE and LARINIER (1992), MIGADO (2011) Saint Cricq (Gave d`Ossau) MIGADO (2011)\nBaigts (Gave de Pau) CHANSEAU and LARINIER (2001), LARINIER and…","…and HARVIE (2003), JONES et al. (2006), WHITFORD (2006)\nMalbaie River BEAULIEU (1993)\nFrance (12) Poutès (Allier) GRÉGOIRE and TRAVADE (1987), TRAVADE and LARINIER (1992, 2002), LARINIER and TRAVADE (2006), DE MOMBYNES-LEMÉNAGER (2007), PHILIPPART (2009)\nGolfech (Garonne)\nGRÉGOIRE and…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1046799624,"citingcorpusid":113513592,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…TRYNINEWSKI (2012), SAFE HARBOR WATER POWER CORPORATION (2015) Greenville Dam (Shetucket River) FERC (2004) Pejepscot Dam (Androscoggin River) BROWN et al. (2006), FERC (2012a) Worumbo Project (Androscoggin River) BROWN et al. (2006), FERC (2012b) Tunnel Dam (Niangua River) ASMFC (2008)…","…DAVIS and SCHULTZ (2009) Emporia Dam (Meherrin River) AFS (1990), QUINN (1994), ASMFC (2008)\nEssex Dam, Lawrence (Merrimack River) MILLER (1993), BROWN et al. (2006), DAVIS AND SCHULTZ (2009), TCAFMMRB (2010), KEER (2011), LAWRENCE HYDROELECTRIC ASSOCIATES (2013)\nPawtucket Dam, Lowell…","…Dam (Shetucket River) FERC (2004) Pejepscot Dam (Androscoggin River) BROWN et al. (2006), FERC (2012a) Worumbo Project (Androscoggin River) BROWN et al. (2006), FERC (2012b) Tunnel Dam (Niangua River) ASMFC (2008) Benton Falls Dam (Sebasticook River) ASMFC (2008), FRIEDMAN (2009) Burnham…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1050656093,"citingcorpusid":111362004,"citedcorpusid":45608183,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…de 400 metros lisos se caracterizan por ser pruebas de resistencia de corta duración, donde existe un claro predominio de la vía energética anaeróbica sobre la aeróbica (Capelli, Pendergast y Termin, 1998; Hill, 1999; Gastin, 2001; Spencer y Gastin, 2001; Duffield, Dawson y Goodman, 2005a;)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2466228156,"citingcorpusid":156908001,"citedcorpusid":154308456,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3804216151,"citingcorpusid":249978550,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["But the Human Capital theory, like many other theories, does not have comprehensive coverage on entrepreneurship education and its impact on MSEs successful performance (Tambwe, 2015; Kesy, 2010).","This implies that human motivation factors are very important for business growth regardless of whether the business has enough capital or not (Kesy, 2010).","Performance can be seen from the perspective that the enterprises articulating the effective business planning, financial and non-financial capitals, system of management and resource allocation, goods/services produced, satisfied customers and employees (Njoroge, 2013; Kesy, 2010; Yahya, 2012).","…financial and non-financial capitals, system of management and resource allocation, goods/services produced, satisfied customers and employees (Njoroge, 2013; Kesy, 2010; Yahya, 2012)\nTambwe (2015) in his research viewed performance as the growth, stagnation or decline of a business entity.","Currently, Prior work has argued that there is a relationship between Entrepreneurship trainings and the performance MSEs (Tambwe 2015, Njoroge 2013, Kesy 2010, Kithae 2013, MUNENE 2013, Yahya 2012, and Rwamitoga 2011), Similarly, within the limitations of the study, the findings suggest that…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":1175993891,"citingcorpusid":170265768,"citedcorpusid":110368359,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["El alto nivel de acoplamiento se puede conseguir con las líneas stripline paralelas [96], las líneas stripline"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1175992205,"citingcorpusid":170265768,"citedcorpusid":119360221,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In coupled microstrip lines, several techniques have been proposed to overcome these difficulties: re-entrant mode directional couplers [121], patterned ground plane directional couplers [124, 125], branch-line coupler [186, 187], metamaterials [122], inductively compensated couplers [120], directional couplers with dielectric overlay [118], modified vertically installed planar couplers [113], non-uniform couplers [123], etc.","Las principales técnicas que se han propuesto para compensar las velocidades de fase de los modos par e impar son, el uso de capas de revestimiento en las estructuras [117, 118], el uso de elementos capacitivos [119], el uso de elementos inductivos [120], los acopladores direccionales con modos reentrantes [121], el uso de metamateriales [122], acopladores no uniformes [123], o los acopladores direccionales con planos de masa ranurados según un patrón concreto [124, 125].","These results clearly outperforms previously reported designs [49, 108, 109, 113, 125, 142].","Estos resultados mejoran claramente las prestaciones de los diseños previamente publicados [49, 108, 109, 113, 125, 142] y permiten ser optimistas de cara a las especificaciones finales del futuro"],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3833989624,"citingcorpusid":113397693,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We refer to [11], [12], [13] for solutions for two-dimensional panels in the absence of gravity and to [9] for some three-dimensional solutions."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1138041281,"citingcorpusid":152716088,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Research in crop genetics resulted in a more vigorous inflow of new varieties: in the 1995-99 period the number of new cultivars was 109 per year, as compared to 77 per year in 1980-84, and only 21 per year in 1985-89 (Castro, Arizu and Gallacher, 2008).","Farm numbers decreased in a linear fashion thereafter, reaching in 2008 some 280.000 units (Gallacher, 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":300911813,"citingcorpusid":8434769,"citedcorpusid":21950479,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The details of the study design have been described elsewhere.(16) In summary, primary care patients aged 18 or older were recruited from patients currently enrolled in primary care practices (family medicine or general internal medicine) in four communities (Lebanon, NH; Pittsburgh, Pa; San Antonio, Tex; and Seattle, Wash).","These active treatments did no better than placebo in the younger patients with minor depression.(16) Patients with depression diagnosed in the primary care setting are more likely to receive antidepressants than psychotherapy."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":876123286,"citingcorpusid":6380707,"citedcorpusid":42052614,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2001) and may also have pharmacological effects in humans (Nebert and Bingham, 2001).","Several studies have shown that tandem repeat polymorphism plays an important role in the adaptation of pathogenic bacteria to their host (Flèche et al., 2001) and may also have pharmacological effects in humans (Nebert and Bingham, 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1715234052,"citingcorpusid":125983261,"citedcorpusid":14351024,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…statistics selection is, in our opinion, an open problem, as many approaches proposed in the literature require the user to specify an initial set of summary statistics which can then be refined upon (see for example Blum et al. (2013), Fearnhead and Prangle (2012) or Nunes and Balding (2010)).","Summary statistics selection is, in our opinion, an open problem, as many approaches proposed in the literature require the user to specify an initial set of summary statistics which can then be refined upon (see for example Blum et al. (2013), Fearnhead and Prangle (2012) or Nunes and Balding (2010))."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3617338260,"citingcorpusid":244501961,"citedcorpusid":210844696,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["10 Echocardiography The Wistar rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection with avertin and the hair near the chest area was removed, as previously described (Cai et al., 2020)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":603113179,"citingcorpusid":56382313,"citedcorpusid":14351024,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Note that the identification of low-dimensional sufficient summaries is key to approximate Bayesian computation (Blum et al. 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":63623121,"citingcorpusid":3017751,"citedcorpusid":22798391,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The nanotube curvature was controlled using a technique developed recently in our laboratory that enables measuring the tube pulling force at a given tension, σ, fixed by micropipette aspiration (20, 21), and the tube composition using confocal microscopy (16, 17).","This system consists of membrane nanotubes pulled by optical tweezers from giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) aspirated into a micropipette; the initial tube diameter (10–100 nm) is directly controlled by the tension of the GUV (16, 17)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3917777238,"citingcorpusid":252116566,"citedcorpusid":2712669,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Serotonin can also act via other pathways such as the angiopoetin-1/Tie2 signaling pathway or by inhibition of BMP2 signaling via SMAD proteins [62].","Serotonin binds to and activates G-protein coupled receptors on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, leading to decrease in adenylate cyclase and cAMP, culminating in vasoconstriction [62]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1719009217,"citingcorpusid":26381199,"citedcorpusid":23156618,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["5 mouse telencephalon (Chambers et al. 2001), although Notch activation may, on the contrary, induce cyclin D1 and promote proliferation in at least one cell line (Ronchini and Capobianco 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1202122648,"citingcorpusid":125352481,"citedcorpusid":2107410,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["(upon averaging the measurements of Kotsovinos (1975), Lee & Emmons (1961), Yuana & Cox (1996)), is considerably larger than the corresponding average value for the jet, αj = 0.05 (based on measurements from Kotsovinos (1975), Chen & Rodi (1980), Antonia et al.","(upon averaging the measurements of Kotsovinos (1975), Lee & Emmons (1961), Yuana & Cox (1996)), is considerably larger than the corresponding average value for the jet, αj = 0.","Various authors, including Kotsovinos (1975), Schneider (1985), Kotsovinos (1978) and Kotsovinos & Angelidis (1991) modelled the streamwise variation of the jet momentum flux.","Various authors, including Kotsovinos (1975), Schneider (1985), Kotsovinos (1978) and Kotsovinos & Angelidis (1991) modelled the streamwise variation of the jet momentum flux. Of these studies, Kotsovinos & Angelidis (1991) were the only ones to account for both contributions ((i) and (ii) above) to the momentum flux variation in their model."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1834261520,"citingcorpusid":133960699,"citedcorpusid":5898661,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…económico a largo\nplazo de una país está fuertemente relacionada con los aumentos de productividad de las actividades económicas que se realicen (Easterly & Levine, 2001) ya que la productividad conducirá entonces a la mejora de factores que intervienen en el posicionamiento competitivo de…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1220904366,"citingcorpusid":53474469,"citedcorpusid":109792388,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["By the use of a simulation model, different ring resonator coupling techniques were reviewed: the Loosecoupling, the Enhanced-coupling and final the Matched-stub-coupling technique.","The three different techniques are: a)Loose-coupling, b) Enhanced-coupling and c) Matched-stub-coupling [6].","This paper deals with the design of a simple ring resonator including the design and implementation of a simulation model for the review of different ring resonator coupling techniques: the Loose-coupling, the Enhanced-coupling and final the Matched-stub-coupling technique."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":1733905148,"citingcorpusid":209898312,"citedcorpusid":123792545,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[4,17,29], the correlation matrix for fission yields will play an important role, and users have a certain degree of freedom as such matrices are not included in the nuclear data libraries."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1817162496,"citingcorpusid":54977805,"citedcorpusid":35743462,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Different mechanisms tried to explain these neurological and intellectual disabilities however damage involving the cortical and subcortical white matter is the most highlighted one [4-6]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1030461592,"citingcorpusid":81870047,"citedcorpusid":24603917,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Therefore and as stated in previous reviews on the interaction of CBD and 9-THC, evidence suggests that CBD clinical implications on cannabis health outcomes need further research, that includes larger sample sizes and analyses of long-term effects (Haney et al., 2016; Hollister and Gillespie, 1975; Leweke, Mueller, Lange, and Rohleder, 2016; Zhornitsky and Potvin, 2012).","Nevertheless, we think that the SJU should not account for CBD content, since evidence on this modulating effect, and the consequent implications for cannabis health effects, is not robust (Haney et al., 2016; McLoughlin et al., 2014; Zuardi et al., 2012b).","…is still being contested, and included articles evidence that CBD’s acute modulating effects depends on several factors, as for example the concentration ratio, the administration form or the order of administration (Englund et al., 2013; Haney et al., 2016; Ilan et al., 2005; Zuardi et al., 1982).","…evidence suggests that CBD clinical implications on cannabis health outcomes need further research, that includes larger sample sizes and analyses of long-term effects (Haney et al., 2016; Hollister and Gillespie, 1975; Leweke, Mueller, Lange, and Rohleder, 2016; Zhornitsky and Potvin, 2012).","Clinical implications due to 9-THC interaction with CBD is still being contested, and included articles evidence that CBD’s acute modulating effects depends on several factors, as for example the concentration ratio, the administration form or the order of administration (Englund et al., 2013; Haney et al., 2016; Ilan et al., 2005; Zuardi et al., 1982)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":810904822,"citingcorpusid":405257,"citedcorpusid":10471809,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["So far, abnormal α-SYN accumulations have been identified in biopsies of the colon [124], skin [125] and minor salivary glands [126] of PD patients.","[124] performed biopsies of the ascending colon and detected phosphorylated α-SYN immunoreactive Lewy neurites in the submucosal plexus in 21 of 29 PD cases but not in controls.","Severity of α-SYN accumulation correlated with age, disease duration, motor score, lack of response to levodopa, and the presence of chronic constipation [124]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3698052734,"citingcorpusid":247428717,"citedcorpusid":38284383,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["7 45 30-63 Comparison of CKM and Peritoneal dialysis patients Brown35 Decision date 16 (7-39) 53 93 33a 95% CI, 32-34 Kwok27 eGFR <15 mL/ min/1.","73 m2 21 (7-42) 46 27-62 Patient decision was not documented and was not used to distinguish comparator cohorts."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1310150440,"citingcorpusid":9297755,"citedcorpusid":38284383,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["La mediana del tiempo en diálisis fue de 27 meses (9-51) para el grupo completo de ≥70 años, 30 meses (14-46) para los 46 pacientes de ≥75 años y de 14 meses (2-39) para los 15 de ≥80 años.","Seguimiento en consulta (meses) n (rango) 41 (13-64) 15 (6-35)","Cardiopatía isquémica n (%) 52 (44) 107 (55) 0,03 23 (44) 55 (50) 0,3 FGe (ml/min/1,73m2), mediana (percentil 25-75) 21,2 (16,8-26,5) 19,7 (14,1-5,8) 0,05 16,6 (14,3-20,8) 15,1 (12,5-21,5) 0,1","Para el subgrupo de 54 pacientes de 70-80 años la mediana del tiempo en diálisis fue de 30 meses (10-52).","Supervivencia desde estadio 5, meses, mediana (percentil 25-75) 33 (12-57) estadio 5 (162 pacientes).","Edad en años n (rango) 77 (74-81) 77 (74-81) Sexo varón, n (%) 143 (46) 89 (55) Diabetes mellitus n (%) 157 (50) 81 (50) Índice de Charlson n (rango) 8 (7-9) 7 (6-9) Cardiopatía isquémica n (%) 159 (51) 78(48) FGe basal (ml/min/1,73m2), n (rango) 20 (16-26) 14 (12-14)"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":3531890989,"citingcorpusid":235249391,"citedcorpusid":238627476,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A pulsed-laser superheats only the ablated region, vaporizing it into a bubble of gas known as a cavitation bubble, which expands and contracts within microseconds, causing mechanical (but not thermal) damage to the surrounding tissue (Hutson and Ma, 2007; Leeuwen et al., 1995; Venugopalan et al., 2002; Welch et al., 1991).","Although continuous lasers were often used through the 1980s, pulsed-lasers have become more widely used over the last three decades because of the shorter thermal event, delivering energy so rapidly as to destroy and remove hot tissue before the heat can be transferred, thus reducing thermal damage to the surrounding tissue and removing burn damage as a confounding variable in studying wound signaling and repair (Leeuwen et al., 1995; Troutman et al., 1986)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3994229798,"citingcorpusid":236212973,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Such a founder event can be associated with the initial establishment of the South African black wattles from a bag of seeds from Australia with no prior knowledge of genetic variability (Sherry 1973)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1943824070,"citingcorpusid":146227031,"citedcorpusid":27207103,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Studies have revealed relationships between play or enrolment in play-based preschool programmes and behavioural self-regulation (Barnett et al., 2008; Elias & Berk, 2002), inhibitory control (Carlson, Moses, & Breton, 2002), attention (Ruff & Lawson, 1990), self-talk to guide thinking and problem-solving (Berk & Landau, 1993; Krafft & Berk, 1998) and the formation of a theory of the mind (Lillard, Pinkham, & Smith 2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":619765974,"citingcorpusid":6149517,"citedcorpusid":27207103,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Preschool programs incorporating training of self-regulatory skills into the curricula are associated with improvements in attentive behaviors and in early academic skills (Barnett et al., 2008; Diamond, Barnett, Thomas, & Munro, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1961040804,"citingcorpusid":145535713,"citedcorpusid":27207103,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Since the provider’s role as teacher is not well understood, Vygotsky’s work is relevant in that it foregrounds the teacher’s role of actively guiding the learning process through joint engagement (Barnett et al., 2008).","Furthermore, socio-cultural theory has recently informed research on educare in particular (Barnett et al., 2008; Brennan, 2007; Elias & Berk, 2006; Nyland, 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":190943579,"citingcorpusid":11783650,"citedcorpusid":11460871,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Infants of diabetic mothers have a significant risk of early hypoglycemiadmost sources quote 25% [17], but in one study 47%of infants of diabetic mothers developed hypoglycemia in the first 2 hours of life [18]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":995451458,"citingcorpusid":78542221,"citedcorpusid":54638092,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Likewise, abstain from being physically dynamic amid extremely hot climate [75-86]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":955265653,"citingcorpusid":10653824,"citedcorpusid":22005161,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["episodes result in progressive neurodegeneration and cognitive decline characteristic of vascular dementia [3]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1781249041,"citingcorpusid":119400396,"citedcorpusid":28114759,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We note that the final values measured here of nid ≈ 2 are consistent with stabilized values measured in previous works for standard architecture planar devices [14,17,19,20].","These insights enable the dominant recombination mechanism to be inferred in the measured devices and resolve a long-standing contradiction whereby devices suspected of being dominated by surface recombination have shown stabilized ideality factors of approximately 2 [14,17,19,20]."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2830346270,"citingcorpusid":1615441,"citedcorpusid":31055088,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There are several classes of tocolytics available, each of which has a different\nmechanism of action and has been reviewed elsewhere (Arrowsmith et al. 2010, Hubinont & Debieve 2011, Arrowsmith & Wray 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3724024853,"citingcorpusid":248195727,"citedcorpusid":142935695,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…outcomes for students, such as higher academic achievement, improved behavioral health, and lower rates of bullying, violence, suspension, and substance use (e.g., Aldridge & McChesney, 2018; Greenberg, 2010; Kutsyuruba et al., 2015; O’Connell et al., 2009; Thapa et al., 2013; Wang & Degol, 2016)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2833477919,"citingcorpusid":21438192,"citedcorpusid":44205485,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Hence, fragment size and frequency can be considered a reliable predictor of homology of closely related individuals (Nicese et al., 1998), provided that they can differentiate between at least two populations.","Hence, fragment size and frequency can be considered a reliable predictor of homology of closely related individuals ( Nicese et al., 1998 ), provided that they can differentiate between at least two populations."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":946017958,"citingcorpusid":51909523,"citedcorpusid":59872172,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Model-Free Algorithm For the model-free algorithm, we used the SARSA(λ) temporal difference learning algorithm (Rummery and Niranjan, 1994), as was used in Daw et al."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2279992022,"citingcorpusid":20814787,"citedcorpusid":119622318,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The model was based on the authors’ consensus regarding the functions required to answer each test item and validated as described by C. Tatsuoka (2002).","To address these limitations, partially ordered set (POSET) model classification methods (Jaeger, Tatsuoka, Berns, & Varadi, 2006; C. Tatsuoka, 2002; C. Tatsuoka, 2014; C. Tatsuoka & Ferguson, 2003; C. Tatsuoka, Tseng et al., 2013, C. Tatsuoka, Varadi, & Jaeger, 2013) were applied to test a model…","Classification results indicate how well a model fits the child’s performance profile (C. Tatsuoka, 2002).","This phenomenon, known as “confounding,” occurs when the role of a skill in the profile (i.e., whether mastered or not) is unclear from patterns of responses to test items or test scores (C. Tatsuoka, 2002).","…and colleagues established the statistical framework for this modeling approach, including validation of the Q-matrix specifications (Jaeger et al., 2006; C. Tatsuoka, 2002; C. Tatsuoka, 2014; C. Tatsuoka & Ferguson, 2003; C. Tatsuoka, Tseng et al., 2013; C. Tatsuoka, Varadi et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2279992067,"citingcorpusid":20814787,"citedcorpusid":17931417,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…partially ordered set (POSET) model classification methods (Jaeger, Tatsuoka, Berns, & Varadi, 2006; C. Tatsuoka, 2002; C. Tatsuoka, 2014; C. Tatsuoka & Ferguson, 2003; C. Tatsuoka, Tseng et al., 2013, C. Tatsuoka, Varadi, & Jaeger, 2013) were applied to test a model of the numerical skills…","…and colleagues established the statistical framework for this modeling approach, including validation of the Q-matrix specifications (Jaeger et al., 2006; C. Tatsuoka, 2002; C. Tatsuoka, 2014; C. Tatsuoka & Ferguson, 2003; C. Tatsuoka, Tseng et al., 2013; C. Tatsuoka, Varadi et al., 2014)."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2279991646,"citingcorpusid":20814787,"citedcorpusid":31734663,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Previous group comparisons revealed that the EPT/ELBW group performed more poorly than NBW controls on scores adjusted for time in grade on Applied Problems and on ageadjusted scores on the above-mentioned neuropsychological measures (Orchinik et al, 2011; Taylor et al., 2011).","Consistent with other research, the EPT/ELBW group functioned at lower levels in processing speed, working memory, inhibition, attention, and set switching than the NBW controls (Mulder et al., 2010; Taylor et al., 2011).","However, group differences in mathematics achievement and cognitive abilities were significant in comparisons that took into account time in school, and cognitive differences remained even when correcting for GA (Orchinik et al., 2011; Taylor et al., 2011).","Previous reports document deficits in the EPT/ELBW group relative to NBW classmates on measures of mathematics achievement and domain-general cognitive skills, including assessments of processing speed, executive function, and attention (Orchinik et al., 2012; Taylor et al., 2011).","Participants\nAs described in previous reports (Orchinik et al., 2011; Taylor et al. 2011), 148 EPT/ELBW children without congenital conditions unrelated to preterm birth were recruited from cohorts born 2001–2003 and treated in the neonatal intensive care unit of Rainbow Babies & Children’s…","Procedures and measures\nKindergarten assessments included tests of academic achievement and neuropsychological skills completed to examine learning, cognitive, and behavior outcomes of extreme prematurity (Orchinik et al., 2011; Scott et al., 2012; Taylor et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":946017617,"citingcorpusid":51909523,"citedcorpusid":1672243,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["During procedural behavior, rats do not display VTE, and their paths through the choice points are highly stereotyped (Packard and McGaugh, 1996; Jog et al., 1999; Schmitzer-Torbert and Redish, 2002; van der Meer et al., 2012; Smith and Graybiel, 2013; Schmidt et al., 2013).","Similarly, path stereotypy is a behavioral correlate of procedural decision-making (Packard and McGaugh, 1996; Jog et al., 1999; Schmitzer-Torbert and Redish, 2002; van der Meer et al., 2012; Schmidt et al., 2013; Smith and Graybiel, 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":122944135,"citingcorpusid":646412,"citedcorpusid":36000508,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[19] have shown that the total number of lymphocytes in human endometrium as well as in the peripheral blood, particularly the NK cells, increases under the influence of supraphysiological level of estrogen.","Considering the cyclic changes in the population of NK cells of uterus it seems that their distribution and functions are under the control of ovarian hormones [18, 19]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3317746190,"citingcorpusid":233452400,"citedcorpusid":29889541,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It starts 5-7 days after birth in rodents and 1013 years after birth in men and continues throughout life (1)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1538829847,"citingcorpusid":199529607,"citedcorpusid":110502906,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A 3-span pedestrian bridge at Texas Tech University connecting the campus to the football stadium was similar in design to the Millennium Bridge and experienced large amplitude vibrations from a crowd leaving a game.","The Millennium Bridge in London attracted public interest due to its large lateral displacements during its inauguration in 2000; assumed to be due to the pedestrian lock-in phenomenon (Dallard 2001).","Shortly after the Millennium Bridge studies, an investigation on the Clifton Suspension Bridge in\nGEN-301-2\nEngland was performed (Macdonald et al. 2008).","Several of the well-known bridges were subjected to field tests for modal characterization, most notably the Millennium Bridge (Dallard 2001) the M-Bridge (Nakamura 2008), the Solférino bridge (Lenci et al. 2012), and the Ponte del Mare (Ceravolo 2011).","Key results of modal testing of the Millennium Bridge, London."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["methodology"],null]}
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{"citationid":1825587498,"citingcorpusid":17419348,"citedcorpusid":3082857,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Such vector is the left eigenvector of P associated to its unitary eigenvalue, i.e., αP = α, α1 = 1, where 1 is a column vector of ones."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3773382063,"citingcorpusid":249391004,"citedcorpusid":197498293,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Padalapis atas/Wearing Course (WC) ini terletak paling atas pada lapis perkerasan aspal beton, pada lapis ini struktur penyusunnya lebih banyak agregat halus dipakai landasan roda kendaraan yang melintasi jalan tersebut[3]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1781763992,"citingcorpusid":110634333,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The systems that do exist often combine the GIS with a separate modeling environment for oil spill behaviour modeling (Galagan et al., 1992; Smith and Loza, 1994; Ji and Johnston, 1995). Goodwin and Palerud (1997) produced a coastal SDSS that incorporated an oil spill model directly into the GIS. The completed system was considered effective for rapidly developing a contingency plan. However, one problem Goodwin and Palerud (1997) encountered was a necessity for the user to possess expert knowledge of the problem domain (i.e. oil spill response). The use of an expert system as an additional module in the decision-making process would help overcome the problem encountered by Goodwin and Palerud (1997). Almost no current coastal management SDSSs incorporate expert systems, although several sources allude to the obvious necessity of expert knowledge when assessing oil spill and environmental management issues (Green, 1996; Goodwin and Palerud, 1997).","The systems that do exist often combine the GIS with a separate modeling environment for oil spill behaviour modeling (Galagan et al., 1992; Smith and Loza, 1994; Ji and Johnston, 1995). Goodwin and Palerud (1997) produced a coastal SDSS that incorporated an oil spill model directly into the GIS.","The systems that do exist often combine the GIS with a separate modeling environment for oil spill behaviour modeling (Galagan et al., 1992; Smith and Loza, 1994; Ji and Johnston, 1995). Goodwin and Palerud (1997) produced a coastal SDSS that incorporated an oil spill model directly into the GIS. The completed system was considered effective for rapidly developing a contingency plan. However, one problem Goodwin and Palerud (1997) encountered was a necessity for the user to possess expert knowledge of the problem domain (i."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":1695334266,"citingcorpusid":84178212,"citedcorpusid":1048793,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is impossible in the plane [DGG + 13] or for the three dimensional ball [Bee15], but open in general."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1592486120,"citingcorpusid":202664978,"citedcorpusid":84548836,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Although evidence exists that frontal systems play a major role in macrozooplankton dynamics in the Southern Ocean (Huntley and Niller, 1995; Smith and Schnack-Schiel, 1990), the spatial distribution of small ðo2:0 mmÞ Antarctic and Subantarctic copepods has seldom been investigated in relation to hydrographical features (Errhif et al., 1997; Fransz and Gonzalez, 1997; Metz, 1995, 1996).","The maximum abundance found during our investigations was roughly 5–10 times higher than\nthe values obtained by Fransz and Gonzalez (1997) during spring in the APF.","The stage distribution of the dominant species supports the suggestion that the abundance of small pelagic copepods increases at the APF during early summer: adult females and copepodids belonging to stage CV comprised more than 60% of the Oithona similis abundance during spring (Fransz and Gonzalez, 1997).","Oithona spp. occurs in high numbers in most regions of the Southern Ocean, and its importance for the Antarctic ecosystem is of no doubt (e.g., Fransz, 1988;\nFransz and Gonzalez, 1995; Metz, 1995, 1996; Fransz and Gonzalez, 1997; Atkinson and Sinclair, 2000).","…in the south across the entire Southern Ocean towards the vicinity of the Polar Front where maximum numbers seem to be recurrent (e.g., Metz, 1996; Fransz and Gonzalez,\n1997; Atkinson, 1998; Atkinson and Sinclair, 2000); still our values at the APF exceed previously reported concentrations of…","of 1–2 g C m 2 have been recorded since then for the upper mixed layer of Antarctic and Subantarctic waters (Atkinson, 1996; Fransz and Gonzalez, 1997; Metz, 1995, 1996).","The current results are thus realistic compared to the OPC data and other previous investigations (Fransz and Gonzalez, 1997).","occurs in high numbers in most regions of the Southern Ocean, and its importance for the Antarctic ecosystem is of no doubt (e.g., Fransz, 1988; Fransz and Gonzalez, 1995; Metz, 1995, 1996; Fransz and Gonzalez, 1997; Atkinson and Sinclair, 2000).","…distribution of the dominant species supports the suggestion that the abundance of small pelagic copepods increases at the APF during early summer: adult females and copepodids belonging to stage CV comprised more than 60% of the Oithona similis abundance during spring (Fransz and Gonzalez, 1997).","The structure and the dynamics of the meandering features may thus contribute to the increase of the residence time of the copepods in an adequate food regime (Fransz and Gonzalez, 1997), favoring both the biomass buildup and the persistence of resident populations.","…in the Southern Ocean (Huntley and Niller, 1995; Smith and Schnack-Schiel, 1990), the spatial distribution of small ðo2:0 mmÞ Antarctic and Subantarctic copepods has seldom been investigated in relation to hydrographical features\n(Errhif et al., 1997; Fransz and Gonzalez, 1997; Metz, 1995, 1996).","This is reflected by a 5-fold increase in the numerical abundance of small copepods from spring (Fransz and Gonzalez, 1997) through summer.","…a carbon demand of ca. 100% of the body carbon (Atkinson, 1994; Swadling et al., 1997) and a body weight of about 1 mg C for Oithona similis (Fransz and Gonzalez, 1997; Swadling et al., 1997), we calculated a potential carbon demand of 1 g C m 2 d 1 integrated over the top 100 m in\nthe…","PII: S 0 9 6 7 - 0 6 4 5 ( 0 2 ) 0 0 1 1 5 - 7\nof 1–2 g C m 2 have been recorded since then for the upper mixed layer of Antarctic and Subantarctic waters (Atkinson, 1996; Fransz and Gonzalez, 1997; Metz, 1995, 1996).","…2000 mm were extremely abundant in the upper mixed layer of most of the transect stations, reaching up to 49; 000 ind: m 3: These concentrations were much higher than values obtained by Fransz and Gonzalez (1997), Errhif et al. (1997) and Atkinson and Sinclair (2000) in the APF and nearby systems.",", 1997) and a body weight of about 1 mg C for Oithona similis (Fransz and Gonzalez, 1997; Swadling et al., 1997), we calculated a potential carbon demand of 1 g C m 2 d 1 integrated over the top 100 m in C."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3158839696,"citingcorpusid":90262966,"citedcorpusid":6866979,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similarly, (Sridharan et al. 2015) introduce a framework with planning in a coarse-resolution transition model and a fine-resolution transition model."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2290512027,"citingcorpusid":125081107,"citedcorpusid":18860351,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["HYSPLIT 모델의 역궤적 분석에 더하여 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 위성에서 관측한 일 간격 의 에어로졸 광학두께 자료를 이용하여 연무의 장거 리 수송 패턴을 확인하려는 노력들도 있었다(Lee et al., 2006; Noh et al., 2009; Jung et al., 2010).","의 에어로졸 광학두께 자료를 이용하여 연무의 장거 리 수송 패턴을 확인하려는 노력들도 있었다(Lee et al., 2006; Noh et al., 2009; Jung et al., 2010)."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":3245823198,"citingcorpusid":231836985,"citedcorpusid":6866979,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Although we do not describe it here, it is also possible to encode nondeterministic causal laws (Sridharan et al. 2017).","Although we do not describe it here, it is also possible to encode non-deterministic causal laws (Sridharan et al. 2017).","It can be shown that each transition in the original sys-tem description D maps to a transition in the system description D ( T ) relevant to the unexpected transition of interest— see (Sridharan et al. 2017) for complete details about establishing this relationship between transition diagrams.","To do so, we first define the object constants relevant to the unexplained transition—this is a revised version of the definition in (Sridharan and Gelfond 2016; Sridharan et al. 2017).","To do so, we first define the object constants relevant to the unexplained transition—this is a revised version of the definition in (Sridharan and Gelfond 2016; Sridharan et al. 2017).","For complete details about representing and reasoning with tightly-coupled transition diagrams at these two resolutions, please see (Sridharan and Gelfond 2016; Sridharan et al. 2017).","We build on and extend our architectures that (a) combined declarative programming and probabilistic graphical models for planning and diagnostics in robotics (Sridharan and Gelfond 2016; Sridharan et al. 2017); and (b) integrated declarative programming with relational reinforcement learning for interactive discovery of previously unknown axioms governing action execution (Sridharan and Meadows 2016) and the agent’s action capabilities (Sridharan, Meadows, and Gomez 2017).","It can be shown that each transition in the original system description D maps to a transition in the system description D(T ) relevant to the unexpected transition of interest— see (Sridharan et al. 2017) for complete details about establishing this relationship between transition diagrams."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2676501754,"citingcorpusid":22572447,"citedcorpusid":34032158,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Archaea have also been identified in numerous sponge species (Preston et al., 1996; Webster et al., 2001a; Margot et al., 2002; Lee et al., 2003; Holmes and Blanch, 2007) and are thought to utilize the ammonium excreted by sponges as an energy source (Könneke et al.","Archaea have also been identified in numerous sponge species (Preston et al., 1996; Webster et al., 2001a; Margot et al., 2002; Lee et al., 2003; Holmes and Blanch, 2007) and are thought to utilize the ammonium excreted by sponges as an energy source (Könneke et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3751996633,"citingcorpusid":234338314,"citedcorpusid":206815012,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The study concentrating on the mechanism of TGF-β1 in colorectal cancer showed that, TGF-β1 produced by tumor cells can cause reduced permeability of antigen presenting cell, thereby increasing the degree of malignancy of the tumor and significantly reducing patient survival rate, which is consistent with the results of our study [18]."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":1645509063,"citingcorpusid":34853337,"citedcorpusid":11149239,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["analysis and diagnostics [16]–[18]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1606981778,"citingcorpusid":75548402,"citedcorpusid":142628790,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Este problema ha llevado a investigar y probar actualmente distintas terapias con diferentes resultados: terapias basadas en sistemas robóticos como medidas para recuperar miembros superiores en sujetos con hemiparesia leve-moderada [11]; rehabilitación neuropsicológica en la fase aguda de la lesión [12]; terapias de neurorehabilitación del miembro superior en pacientes con ictus, con el fin de establecer la eficacia de terapias con orientación funcional a tareas y empleo de nuevas tecnologías en la recuperación funcional del miembro superior [13]; así como estudios dirigidos a evaluar la percepción que el familiar tiene de los problemas de la persona afectada por un daño cerebral adquirido y su asociación a sus propios síntomas de estrés, depresión y duelo [14]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":424706043,"citingcorpusid":2575408,"citedcorpusid":30933926,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, women should not exercise in the supine position after the first trimester, as the gravid uterus can compress the inferior vena cava, decreasing uterine blood flow as well as increasing lower back pain.(25) Targeted intensity of exercise should take into account that despite a natural increase in resting heart rate during pregnancy (10 to 15 beats per minute), the heart rate increases less during exercise in a pregnant woman."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":424706211,"citingcorpusid":2575408,"citedcorpusid":28655281,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A 2004 study of 61 patients suggests that acupuncture can decrease pain, increase capacity for activity, and decreased use of pain-relieving medication, with no significant adverse effects.(62) Medication should be administered in close coordination with the obstetrician."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":124207562,"citingcorpusid":15325430,"citedcorpusid":11548697,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The most relevant ones are quadtree representation of geo-referenced data and linear quadtrees [9, 12, 16, 30, 32, 33], efficient decomposition of window queries [1, 3, 4, 27, 34] and tree path indexing [26].","While several query window decomposition algorithms are available [3, 4, 27, 34], we have chosen the one reported by Tsai et al. in [34] because of its efficiency and ease of implementation."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2371812916,"citingcorpusid":146611074,"citedcorpusid":143105134,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, student samples can be useful in experimental research in the case of theory-building and in research intended to specify causal relationships among behavioral constructs, as was the case in the current study (Gordon et al., 1986)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1913149933,"citingcorpusid":216146502,"citedcorpusid":90764498,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…et al. 2019; Özkan et al. 2019), remote sensing studies with employing aerial photography, airborne and spaceborne sensors (Manzo et al. 2016; Mahmood et al. 2017), novel Thiessen polygon–based ranking schemes integrated with remotely examined environmental criteria (Richter et al. 2019),…","2019), remote sensing studies with employing aerial photography, airborne and spaceborne sensors (Manzo et al. 2016; Mahmood et al. 2017), novel Thiessen polygon–based ranking schemes integrated with remotely examined environmental criteria (Richter et al.","As such, Simsek et al. (2014a, b), Manzo et al. (2016), Mahmood et al. (2017), Rahmat et al. (2017a, b), Chabuk et al. (2017), Goulart Coelho et al. (2017), Yousefi et al. (2018), Spigolon et al. (2018), Khan et al. (2018), Șener et al. (2010), Kamdar et al. (2019), Chabuk et al. (2019), Özkan et…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":358920570,"citingcorpusid":1230047,"citedcorpusid":141734336,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, the results of these studies are surrounded by considerable\n8 controversy, as observed by Hanushek (1987)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":358920370,"citingcorpusid":1230047,"citedcorpusid":154139206,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Within the two-equation stochastic frontier framework, Huang and Liu (1994) emphasized the notion of non-neutral shifting of the average response function by allowing the interaction between firm-specific variables and the right hand side variables of the frontier function.","Battese and Coelli (1993) adopted and extended the Kumbhakar et al. (1991) model of ui ~N(äZ, óu2) in\nlight of Huang and Liu (1994).","Schmidt (1985-86) explains that the first term is a regular symmetric noise term representing \"events not under\n4 the control of the firm, such as luck, weather, etc.\" The error term is assumed to be independently and identically distributed normal with zero mean and constant variance: v~iid N(0,…","Thus, it helps to unravel any non-neutral shifting of the average response function, as described in Huang and Liu (1994).","…evidence indicated by the LR test (and also by the asymptotic t ratio) that an interactive variable\n(EXS) can explain inefficiency, suggests a non-neutral shifting of the cost frontier with respect to educational experience of teachers and scale of operation, as described in Huang and Liu (1994)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":859874767,"citingcorpusid":22513258,"citedcorpusid":25751634,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3843241302,"citingcorpusid":8594245,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The importance of micronutrients for the normal development and growth of forest trees has also been recognized (Stone 1968), but these elements have received little attention compared with macroelements.","Other large field surveys and literature reviews on nutrient levels reported in studies of forest trees (Stone 1968; Fortescue and Marten 1970; Van den Burg 1985; Stefan et al. 1997), give some indication that","Other large field surveys and literature reviews on nutrient levels reported in studies of forest trees (Stone 1968; Fortescue and Marten 1970; Van den Burg 1985; Stefan et al. 1997), give some indication that there may be species-related differences in microelement concentrations in different…","Different species of birch are known to be Zn accumulators and to have high Zn concentrations in their biomass (Stone 1968)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":325756390,"citingcorpusid":23935958,"citedcorpusid":20071880,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":801102412,"citingcorpusid":25114983,"citedcorpusid":42525067,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Specifically, it has been suggested that student satisfaction may affect quality of learning.(2) This was found in a Thai study of nursing students, which proposed that"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2851917616,"citingcorpusid":22679845,"citedcorpusid":31658543,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…like acetylcholine (Scatton & Lehmann, 1982; Lehmannet al., 1988), noradrenaline (Snell & Johnson, 1986; Vezzaniet al., 1987; Finket al., 1990; Pittaluga & Raiteri, 1990; Raiteriet al., 1992), dopamine (Krebs et al., 1989; Johnson & Jeng, 1991; Desceet al., 1992), serotonin (Fink et al.,…","In contrast, the maximal [3H]noradrenaline release produced by NMDA from superfused synaptosomes (about 70% over basal with 100µM NMDA, plus contaminating glycine) could still be doubled by exogenous glycine added at 1µM (Fink et al., 1990; Pittaluga & Raiteri, 1990).","…receptors present on aminergic terminals can be activated by NMDA when the terminal membrane ispolarizedand Mg21 ions are absent (Finket al., 1990; Pittaluga & Raiteri, 1990), but cannot be activated, either by NMDA or by glycine/D-serine, when the membrane is depolarized in the presence of Mg21…","…also present on noradrenergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic axon terminals in the rat brain where they mediate regulation of noradrenaline (Finket al., 1990; Pittaluga & Raiteri, 1990; Raiteriet al., 1992), dopamine (Krebset al., 1989; Desceet al., 1992) and serotonin (Finket al., 1995) release.","The presence of variable concentrations of glycine in the physiological media (originating from water or other sources) has often represented a problem in studies of NMDA receptors (see, for discussion, Johnson & Ascher, 1987; Pittaluga & Raiteri, 1990)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1726346443,"citingcorpusid":144712952,"citedcorpusid":170314907,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Divine compositionalism entails these positions in addition to (3) continuous creation, which is that the divine action required to conserve things in existence (creatio continuans) is identical to what is required to create in the first place (creatio originans ex nihilo).","This duality is addressed in the authors’ paper “Representing Divine Action,” and cannot be pursued further here.","Divine compositionalism presupposes a five-category ontology: God, an ordered domain of possibilities, dispositions, forces,and structures.17 The first and most fundamental ontological category is God.","According to John Bell’s version of a Ghirardi–Rimini–Weber interpretation of quantum mechanics (GRWf), the wave function of a physical system—be it a single particle or a macroscopic object—collapses (“flashes”) spontaneously at a regular rate, 107 times per second.13 Divine compositionalism takes collapses of wave functions to be God’s conferring definite existence.","Divine compositionalism holds that it is ultimately due to what divine commitments hold.","Alfred J. Freddoso (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre\nDame Press, 1983), 55–79; idem, “Divine Conservation, Secondary Causes, and Occasionalism,” in Divine and Human Action: Essays in the Metaphysics of Theism, ed.","In response to the second objection and to preclude what might be unnecessary opposition, we should emphasize now that divine compositionalism differs from standard occasionalism in that it applies only to physical causation, not to the intentions or choices of free agents (a view held by Louis de la Forge [1632–1666]).9 Divine compositionalism provides for a view of human freedom that preserves the functional independence of the capacity to choose while maintaining its complete ontological dependence.10 Libertarian-free actions depend on the completion of libertarian-free choices, which arise from the (contingently) causally-immune and (contingently) causally-impotent power of proximal intention\nformation.","4 See Alfred J. Freddoso, “Medieval Aristotelianism and the Case against Secondary Cau-\nsation in Nature,” inDivine and Human Action: Essays in the Metaphysics of Theism, ed.","Regarding the first two assumptions, Carlo Rovelli says that the present knowledge of the elementary dynamical laws of physics are given by Quantum Field Theory (QFT), the Standard Model of Particle Physics (SM) and General Relativity (GR). Yet, taken together, they comprise an inconsistent set. GR entails that space-time is not a fixed metric background as assumed in SR, but rather a dynamical field. However, Quantum Mechanics (QM) entails that all dynamical fields are quantized. Rovelli concludes that “What Newton called “space” and Minkowski called “spacetime,” is [. . .] nothing but a dynamical object – the gravitational field . . . [which has a] quantized, discrete structure at the Planck scale.” Rovelli (2009): 8,9.","See Philip Quinn, “Divine Conservation, Continuous Creation, and Human Action,” in The Existence and Nature of God, ed.","Divine Compositionalism is a version res-idealism.","Introducing Divine Compositionalism in light of Occasionalism. Our general aim in this paper is to recommend Divine Compositionalism as a view of divine creative action primarily because it accounts for basic concepts in natural science, including dispositions and biological mechanisms. The issue we address is whether it is a development of occasionalism or an entirely new and distinct view of divine action. Occasionalism is an ancient and venerable view of the relation of divine action to natural causation. Whether occasionalism is entailed by the Jewish or Christian scriptures is certainly debatable.(1) Nevertheless, it was first expressed as a religious philosophical doctrine in the Arabic thought of al-Ghazali (c.1055-1111) in his work, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, who declares that “all temporal events, their substances and accidents, those occurring in the entities of the animate and the inanimate, come about through the power of God. . .. No created thing comes about through another [created thing]. Rather, all come about through divine power.”(2) Steven Nadler (2011) defines occasionalism as follows: “God is the only true efficient causal agent.","Divine Compositionalism takes collapses of wave functions to be God’s conferring definite existence. It is that system’s existence then and there. If we are correct on this, then at least two issues logically follow. First, the range of manifestations of multi-track, higher-level dispositions (molecular or macroscopic) is rooted in the indeterminacy at the subatomic level. However, Divine Compositionalism takes the “indeterminacy” to be nothing other than God’s intentional (and therefore, rational) action. Such indeterminacy reflects God’s freedom in sustaining the physical world which underlies God’s providential control of history. Second, it follows that it is mistaken—even futile—to think of divine action and “natural causation” in terms of concurrence or intervention. God does not encounter creation. God creates it. Furthermore, there will be situations in which God does not act according to God’s conditional commitments to act on condition. These are perceived as miracles. Nothing in the (GRWf) interpretation of the collapse of the wave function contradicts this. See Ney and Albert (2013): 43, Pusey, et al (2012), Colbeck and Renner (2012), and Plantinga (2008): 392,393.","Divine compositionalism entails continuous creation, which is the traditional view that the divine action required to conserve things in existence is identical to what\nis required to create in the first place.","Key words: Divine action; Occasionalism; Disposition; Causation; Mechanism; Providence; Randomness\nDivine compositionalism in light of occasionalism\nA unified conceptualization of the initial creation, continuing existence, constitution, and dynamics of the universe is available if we think of these solely in terms of God’s compositional, existence-conferring action according to his will or plan."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,["background"],["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":1074921566,"citingcorpusid":109747136,"citedcorpusid":131527590,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Methane emissions can be suppressed to some extent by soil amendments, altered tillage practices, water management, crop rotation, and cultivar selection (Minami, 1995; Kern et al., 1997; Neue, 1997; Yagi et al., 1997; Van der Gon, 2000)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2439420808,"citingcorpusid":23959271,"citedcorpusid":36886399,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Donor factors include age >50 yr (4, 6, 8–11); body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m(2) (2, 8, 12, 13); and cardiovascular cause of death (4, 7, 14, 15).","Recipient factors include inherited hypercoagulable states (5, 16–19), age > 50 yr (14, 20), BMI > 30 kg/m(2) (12, 20), and cardiovascular disease (14, 20) while prolonged cold ischemic time (>24 h) (12, 16, 21), complicated arterial reconstruction, low blood flow of the mesenteric system (1, 9, 16, 22, 23), and graft pancreatitis (24, 25) are reported procurement and surgical associates with EPAT (7, 22)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3064665196,"citingcorpusid":163781592,"citedcorpusid":129792755,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3109686735,"citingcorpusid":224724691,"citedcorpusid":26354642,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2106800113,"citingcorpusid":143541538,"citedcorpusid":158763503,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and Robert Paxton conclude that France was that rare country in Europe – another exception was Bulgaria – to hand Jews over to the Germans even from territory not directly occupied by the Germans (Marrus and Paxton 1981, pp. viii, Weisberg 1996).8 France did so in Vichy and Vichy-ruled Algeria."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3805977818,"citingcorpusid":250011615,"citedcorpusid":15103319,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3129926522,"citingcorpusid":221539210,"citedcorpusid":155887174,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Guideline 2: When Selecting RPA Vendors, Take the Context and Characteristics of the Organization into Account as Much as the Financial Aspects [8,15,20].","Organizations planning to adopt RPA are encouraged to consider to review their plans and account for the issues described.","– Organizations should create or adapt a personal development plan based on the impact assessment - 80%, 7–9 One last but major theme that is often associated with RPA is fear: either with bots in general or with potential job loss as a result of automation [35].","Organizations that have adopted a centralized model can use these guidelines to investigate or structure a business case to transition to a federated model.","– Organizations should create arrangements with software vendors, who deliver software that is used by RPA - 75%, 7–9 Organizations cannot control the updating schedule of external sources that are accessed by their bots.","Case Organizations.","– Organizations aiming for medium to long-term RPA implementations should take the context and characteristics of the organization into account as much as the financial aspects when selecting RPA vendors - 89%, 7–9 Vendors can compete with each other on various aspects such as the total cost of ownership, ease of use, control, analytics and vendor support.","– Organizations should have an internal communication plan when introducing RPA to the IT department that describes the capabilities of RPA, its benefits and limitations, the role of IT and the envisioned roadmap - 87%, 7–9 – Transparent communication to the IT department about the capabilities of RPA, its benefits and limitations, the role of IT and the envisioned roadmap is effective for minimizing the resistance to RPA - 80%, 7–9 As mentioned earlier, there are specific advantages of adopting a federated model as opposed to a centralized or decentralized model.","Organizations were eager to adopt RPA in the last five years, but they must look into stemming the maintenance burden if they do not want to succumb under this enthusiasm.","Organizations that have progressed beyond the choice for such a model and have already engaged with RPA may currently be struggling with maintenance issues.","Organizations should therefore create development standards to ensure uniformity across the organization.","– Organizations should create RPA development standards to create uniformity across the organization - 89%, 7–9 –","Guideline 5: Create RPA Development Standards to Create Uniformity Across the Organization [12,16,18,23,26,31,39].","Guideline 6: Create an Automation Library for Reusing Modules [5,16–18 – Organizations should create an automation library for reusing modules - 73%, 7–9 As automation is not seldomly completely new to organizations implementing RPA, the mantra is often to ‘think big, but start small’ [10].","Organizations that aim to establish quick wins to save costs are eager to implement RPA [20]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":3721093113,"citingcorpusid":248095081,"citedcorpusid":78917983,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Another study confirmed that unemployed women were more likely to have higher pregnant frequency than employed women (Banerjee, 2004)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3598869023,"citingcorpusid":243800423,"citedcorpusid":80281969,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Chicca & Shellenbarger [26] argued that Generation Z are frequent technology users and possess a reduced attention span, while desiring convenience and immediacy.","Therefore, the flipped classroom would be an effective pedagogical option for connecting with Generation Z to increase attention span [26]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1202516410,"citingcorpusid":146599645,"citedcorpusid":144488418,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Meade and Woodhouse (2000) reported the review of the New Zealand Academic Audit Unit by an independent group with an analogous composition to the Academic Audit Unit’s audit panels."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3357117407,"citingcorpusid":12528325,"citedcorpusid":9382628,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Particularly if the components are involved in multiple interactions, as with cooperative DNA binding or positive autoregulation in l, new interactions may simply be new protein–protein contacts, not involving much energy [41,43,49] and should be relatively easy to evolve.","This model is not new; various forms of it have been offered by many authors in the past, either indicating the possibility without specific mechanisms (for instance, [40]) or giving feasible but hypothetical mechanistic pathways (for example, [41,42]).","added by changing the spacing between PRM and OR2, allowing CI and RNA polymerase to touch [4,41,48]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1188648912,"citingcorpusid":31178532,"citedcorpusid":46076061,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Abbreviations: ABC:, adenosine triphosphate binding cassette; ABCB1:, ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1; AIF:, apoptosis-inducing factor; Akt:, protein kinase B; Apaf1:, apoptotic protease activating factor 1; AURKA:, aurora kinase A; Bax:, Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bcl-2:, B cell lymphoma 2; CAT:, catalase; CD243:, cluster of differentiation 243; CDK:, cyclin-dependent kinase; COX:, cyclooxyginase; ERα:, oestrogen receptor alpha; Ets2:, ETS proto-oncogene 2; FAK:, focal adhesion kinase; GSK3β:, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; HIF-1α:, hypoxic inducible factor 1 alpha; HO-1:, heme oxygenase-1; hTERT:, reverse transcriptase component of telomerase; IL:, interleukin; iNOS:, inducible nitric oxide synthases; MAPK:, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MDR:, multidrug resistant; MDR1:, multidrug resistance gene 1; MEK:, methyl ethyl ketone; MITF:, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor; MMP:, matrix metalloproteinase; MMP:, mitochondrial membrane potential; mTOR:, mechanistic target of rapamycin; NFATc1:, nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1; NF-κB:, nucler factor kappa B; NGF:, never growth factor; NOX2:, NADP oxidase 2; Nrf2:, NF-E2-related factor 2; PARP:, poly-ADP ribose polymerase; pERK1/2:, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1; P-gp/Pgp:, P-Glycoprotein 1 (also called permeability glycoprotein); PI3K:, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase; RANKL:, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; ROS/RNS:, reactive oxygen or nitrogen species; Smac:, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases; SOD:, superoxide dismutase; SOX9:, SRY-related HMG-box 9; Sp1:, specificity protein 1; TCF4:, transcription factor 4; TRAIL:, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; Trx-1:, thioredoxin-1; VEGF:, vascular endothelial growth factor.","…2017\nalready, such as taxanes (e.g. taxol/paclitaxel/albuminbound paclitaxel) (Hoy, 2014; Weaver, 2014), triptolide (Li et al., 2014a), oridonin (Xu et al., 2016c), andrographolide (Aromdee, 2014; Islam, 2016) and diterpenes from coffee (e.g. cafestol, cafeic acid and kahweol) (Lee et al.,…","F from Caesalpinia sappan HeLa, ArT-20, KB and MCF7 cell lines IC50 values between 19.3 and >50.0 μM Xu et al., 2016d\n(Continues)\nCopyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Phytother.","…et al., 2016\nEight diterpenoids from Clerodendrum kiangsiense\nHL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549 and MCF-7 cell lines Significant (IC50 values within 1 to 10 μM) Xu et al., 2016b\n(Z)-12,14-labdadien-15(16)-olide17-oic acid from Alpinia officinarum HeLa and HepG2 cancer cell lines Weak (IC50 > 50 μg/mL) Zou…","In another study, tanshinone IIA (80 mg/day; p.o. for 3 days) with oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy and increased calcitonin gene related peptide and never growth factor (NGF) (Xu et al., 2016a)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3649954837,"citingcorpusid":246143238,"citedcorpusid":4408027,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["several biomechanical studies have shown that suture tape offers higher maximum load with less displacement than standard sutures.(22,23,26) Although the slip knot technique described in this Technical Note has not"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":4033062272,"citingcorpusid":255554557,"citedcorpusid":13864413,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In this study, the choice for the energy storage device was limited only to NiMH batteries primarily due to cost and availability constraints at the time of experiments, rather than the newer (and better) Li-Ion cells or the ultra-capacitors (Stienecker, 2005; Do, 2004)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1188648161,"citingcorpusid":31178532,"citedcorpusid":45375532,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["On the other hand, the dehydroabietyl skeleton diterpenes exhibited cytotoxicity within half-minimal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values 0.75 to 10.65 μM in HCC (SMMC-7721), lung cancer (A-549), glioma (C-6) and breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cells (Rao et al., 2012).","65 μM in HCC (SMMC-7721), lung cancer (A-549), glioma (C-6) and breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cells (Rao et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2684911785,"citingcorpusid":98115684,"citedcorpusid":102506715,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Details of the experimental setup used for LDV measurements are given elsewhere (Zhou, 1997; Grgic, 1998; Bittorf, 2000)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1792486035,"citingcorpusid":23100109,"citedcorpusid":68940122,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several comprehensive reviews of ocular toxicity caused by systemic medications have been published previously (Grant 1986; Fraunfelder & Meyer 1989; Imperia et al. 1989; Pavan-Langston & Dunkel 1991; Novack 1997; Soukasian & Raizman 2000)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3527077108,"citingcorpusid":238501605,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Campbell and Fiske (1959) view triangulation as a powerful way of demonstrating concurrent validity, particularly in qualitative research."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3362562703,"citingcorpusid":235409054,"citedcorpusid":121777682,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Colour centers are defects in the regular spacing of atoms of a crystal lattice which are able to absorb light of only specific wavelengths and they have been exploited in many ways: in 3-dimensional and 2dimensional materials such as diamond (3D) and hexagonal boron nitride h-BN (2D) for instance [45], [46], [47] [48] [49], but also in 1-dimensional materials, such as carbon nanotubes [46] and InP nanowires [50] and 0-dimensional materials, such as GaAs and InGaAs quantum dots [51], [52]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3616210969,"citingcorpusid":244475648,"citedcorpusid":61377879,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The dataset used in this research study is higher secondary school data from Madurai district for three years (2016, 2017, and 2018 [7], Naïve Bayes [8] and NBTree [9] are applied on massive dataset."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4084240194,"citingcorpusid":257677240,"citedcorpusid":144103326,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…by human raters mainly consists of (a) referring to and interpreting the scoring rubrics, (b) interpreting the quality of the essay and formulating the decision according to the rubrics, and (c) expressing the decision in the form of a score (Cumming et al., 2002; Winke & Lim, 2015; Wolfe, 1997)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1897588340,"citingcorpusid":23459004,"citedcorpusid":41660646,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["U per hour until portal vein anastomosis was completed (46)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":908771281,"citingcorpusid":1455845,"citedcorpusid":41660646,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The role of aprotinin in the clinical perspective has been recognized to prevent blood loss and reduce transfusion requirements during cardiac surgery [2]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3260551794,"citingcorpusid":54910495,"citedcorpusid":34271257,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Page\nAbstract Introduction\nConclusions References\nTables Figures\nJ I\nJ I\nBack Close\nFull Screen / Esc\nPrinter-friendly Version\nInteractive Discussion\nD iscussion P aper\n| D iscussion P aper |\nD iscussion P aper\n| D iscussion P aper |\ncomposition in 20 European study areas (de Hoogh et al., 2013).","In-20 terestingly, traffic related variables did not enter our models while LUR models for K (de Hoogh et al., 2013) in three study areas contained traffic related variables.","5 and PM10 were reported (de Hoogh et al., 2013).","We followed the ESCAPE method (Beelen et al., 2013; Eeftens et al., 2012a, de Hoogh et al., 2013).","Results of these measurements and LUR models for these pollutants have15 been published (Beelen et al., 2013; Eeftens et al., 2012a, b; de Hoogh et al., 2013; Cyrys et al., 2012).","5 Teflon filters were analyzed for elemental composition using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (de Hoogh et al., 2013)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":1052975909,"citingcorpusid":49254558,"citedcorpusid":22463539,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Our species-level classifiermean accuracy was similar to that of previous studies of bats for species shared with this study (Mexico – MacSwiney, Clarke & Racey 2008; Stathopoulos et al. 2014; West Indies - Pio et al. 2010; United States – Skowronski & Harris 2006; Britzke et al. 2011).","Suchwhole signal analyses in bat acoustics are growing (Obrist, Boesch & Fl€uckiger 2004; Skowronski & Harris 2006; Stathopoulos et al. 2014) but should be further explored."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1183477571,"citingcorpusid":184478852,"citedcorpusid":9929150,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["researched computation offloading strategies of multiple users via multiple wireless access points by taking energy consumption and delay (including computing and transmission delay) into account, and presented a game-theoretic analysis of the computation offloading problem while mimicking the selfish nature of the individuals [23]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2938470787,"citingcorpusid":123534348,"citedcorpusid":2028357,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Interest centers on obtaining the distributions of selected variables conditional on observed values of other variables, such as likely characteristics of offspring of selected animals given characteristics of their ancestors, probabilities of disease states given symptoms and test results, or, in the case of an ITS, values of student model variables given observed behaviors (see Mislevy, 1994a, 1995; Martin & VanLehn, 1993; Villano, 1992)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1886838075,"citingcorpusid":31061341,"citedcorpusid":19527967,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 1984) and is the major infectious cause of abortion in cattle worldwide (Anderson et al., 1991; Dubey, 2003).","Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite originally reported in dogs (Bjerkås et al., 1984) and is the major infectious cause of abortion in cattle worldwide (Anderson et al., 1991; Dubey, 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":352762078,"citingcorpusid":12827912,"citedcorpusid":15971170,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As a result, the debate over DES and BMS on the longterm risk for adverse events remains unsolved (6)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1886838099,"citingcorpusid":31061341,"citedcorpusid":24168444,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["De Marez et al. (1999) infected calves with oocysts of N. caninum (104 and 105) and all animals seroconverted 4 weeks PI and DNA were detected by PCR. Trees et al. (2002) infected pregnant cows with 600 oocysts of N. caninum and this dose was sufficient to infect these animals, as confirmed by PCR…"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":967626665,"citingcorpusid":67791075,"citedcorpusid":55217386,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…these axes are often modified so much that the connection with risk theory is lost (Helbig et al., 2016; Frenzel et al., 2017) for instance by changing the terminology and indicators of the axes (Dewulf et al., 2016; Helbig et al., 2016) or by adding or omitting an axis (Frenzel et al., 2017).",", 2017) for instance by changing the terminology and indicators of the axes (Dewulf et al., 2016; Helbig et al., 2016) or by adding or omitting an axis (Frenzel et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":795617215,"citingcorpusid":42806416,"citedcorpusid":21395207,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Its effect appeared to be at least equivalent to LABA (evidence A).[80,148,149] This evidence supports that tiotropium is an alternative to LABA when added to ICS."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3623166699,"citingcorpusid":244732509,"citedcorpusid":216251391,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Presently, the MTOR inhibitor rapamycin and its analogs are the sole pathway-related drugs used clinically to treat epilepsy, primarily in tuberous sclerosis (TSC) patients with rare TSC1/2 deletion mutations which enhance downstream MTOR signaling (Crino, 2016; Kim and Lee, 2019; Stafstrom, 2019).","Rapamycin and its analogs, that are currently in clinical use to treat epilepsy in TSC patients, curbed epileptiform activity in mouse models harboring TSC1/2, RHEB, MTOR, or PTEN mutations when administered long-term (>7-day) (Curatolo and Moavero, 2013; Lasarge and Danzer, 2014; Crino, 2016; Kim and Lee, 2019; Stafstrom, 2019; Hsieh et al., 2020).","…use to treat epilepsy in TSC patients, curbed epileptiform activity in mouse models harboring TSC1/2, RHEB, MTOR, or PTEN mutations when administered long-term (>7-day) (Curatolo and Moavero, 2013; Lasarge and Danzer, 2014; Crino, 2016; Kim and Lee, 2019; Stafstrom, 2019; Hsieh et al., 2020).","Our study is the first to define key aspects of acute neuronal dysregulation in this important genetic model of Pik3ca-driven epilepsy, and demonstrates these mechanisms are distinct from synaptic and network-related mechanisms reported in MTOR, TSC, and RHEB epilepsy models (Crino, 2016; Kim and Lee, 2019; Stafstrom, 2019; Hsieh et al., 2020) with PI3K pathway dysregulation.","…this important genetic model of Pik3ca-driven epilepsy, and demonstrates these mechanisms are distinct from synaptic and network-related mechanisms reported in\nMTOR, TSC, and RHEB epilepsy models (Crino, 2016; Kim and Lee, 2019; Stafstrom, 2019; Hsieh et al., 2020) with PI3K pathway dysregulation."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":830570397,"citingcorpusid":10846082,"citedcorpusid":20580491,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Neonates and infants have been shown to have a negative BOLD contrast signal in this region [26, 27], and more recently it has also been seen in fMRI studies of adult volunteers measured during natural sleep [28] and induced sleep [29]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1612895359,"citingcorpusid":53462305,"citedcorpusid":203823966,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["30 The rationale for this study stems from the fact that phytopathogens are viewed as natural ecology sub-systems or pathosystems (Robinson, 1987), and reflect stabilised, co-evolved, interacting components of ecologies (Gliessman, 1995).","This implies that host plants and pathogens are the most-unstable parts of any pathosystem (Robinson, 1987; Schumann, 1991; Gliessman, 1995; McDonald & Linde, 2002).","Pathosystems can be classified as wild plant pathosystems, (lack human interference) or crop pathosystems (derivatives of natural pathosystems with human interference) (Robinson, 1987).","A pathosystem is a subsystem of an ecosystem characterised by the phenomenon of parasitism (Robinson, 1987).","…wild relatives, (2) occurrence of high densities of genetically uniform host species within a small area and (3) the environment is usually altered in creation of the field in a deterministic manner for example by ploughing, fertilizer application, breeding and pesticide use etc. (Robinson, 1987)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2862483190,"citingcorpusid":4472415,"citedcorpusid":35233442,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This replacement therapy can take the form of 1) authentic NO given either intravascularly in solution or by inhalation of low levels of NO gas, 2) inorganic NO releasing compounds (e.g., acidified NaNO2), 3) organic NO donors (e.g., sydnonimines, sodium nitroprusside, cysteine analogs, NONOates, and so forth), 4) low concentrations of peroxynitrite, and 5) the precursor of NO (i.e., L-arginine).","The magnitude of this loss of EDNO was in the range of 40–60% at 5 min and gradually worsened over time to 75–85% losses at 2 h (12, 23).","Moreover, the leukocyte rolling induced by nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was shown by immunohistochemistry to be largely due to upregulation of P-selectin on the mesenteric endothelial cell surface, and a P-selectinneutralizing antibody blocked both rolling and adherence of leukocytes (7).","Fourth, there are a variety of signaling mechanisms that may mediate the protective effect of NO.\nsynthase blockers; nitric oxide donors; nitric oxide synthase gene-targeted mice; L-arginine\nTHE PURPOSE OF THIS THEMES article is to provide a brief overview of the protective effects of nitric oxide (NO) in intestinal inflammation.","These agents include low doses of peroxynitrite (i.e., 400–800 nM) and the NO precursor, L-arginine (12).","Recently, infusions of the amino acid L-arginine have been shown to prolong survival, prevent neutrophil infiltration into the intestine, and preserve mesenteric endothelial function in rats subjected to traumatic shock due to blunt splanchnic soft tissue injury (12).",", 400–800 nM) and the NO precursor, L-arginine (12).","The L-arginine appeared to work by enhancing EDNO release from the vascular endothelium."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,null,["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":4079425519,"citingcorpusid":257496874,"citedcorpusid":173187918,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We compare against both classical and most recent state-of-the-art continual learning methods: EWC [18], LwF [23], BiC [44], GDumb [31], DER++ [45], Co 2 L [5], L2P [41], S-Prompt [39] and DualPrompt [40]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4079425481,"citingcorpusid":257496874,"citedcorpusid":244302919,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Ideally, when confronted with new data, state-of-the-art models should be both stable to prevent performance degradation for previous tasks and plastic to learn sufficient information for the new task [43]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3218973455,"citingcorpusid":230191681,"citedcorpusid":8306359,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1, which is promoted by Prof. K. Shibata and Dr. S. Ueno, Kyoto University (UeNo et al., 2007, 2009, and 2010).","The existing databases of Solar Wind, Space Environment (satellite measurements), and Geomagnetic Field will be provided by Prof. M. Tokumaru (STEL, Nagoya University), Dr. T. Obara (JAXA), and Prof. T. Iyemori (WDC for Geomagnetism, Kyoto University), respectively, and a new database from 5 instrument arrays will contribute to the data coordination and analysis programs of ISWI in Japan."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3286944055,"citingcorpusid":152001076,"citedcorpusid":78605918,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["By focusing on compulsion and whether the accused had to obey superior orders on the pain of punishment, judges were trying to assess the arguments of the defence using a modified understanding of the duress defence in English common law (Jia, 2013, p. 171)."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1782445558,"citingcorpusid":91333638,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["lengths (obtained from Huber and Herzberg [86]) in the excitation and de-excitation steps, 02 would be expected to have a de-excitation spectrum strongly perturbed by interference effects.","c potentially decay to states that derive from the 5o2 and 5o configurations of NO [86, 136].","In the analysis, vibrational constants for NO, NO+, and equivalent-core 02 were taken from Huber and Herzberg [86]; and the linewidth (145 meV), relative energies, and relative populations of the 2E+ and 2A states were taken from the electron energy-loss data of Tronc et al."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":4032359448,"citingcorpusid":255525598,"citedcorpusid":108443018,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many mechanical systems generated vibration during the operation, such as pump, the diesel engine and the aero-engine [1, 2], which caused safety hazards and economic losses if they were not well controlled and eliminated."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1583366956,"citingcorpusid":202585839,"citedcorpusid":26087006,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In one study spanning 30 years, 47 different mutations were described including 20 splice site or frameshift mutations (43%), 16 nonsense mutations (34%), 10 missense mutations (21%), and one Alu-mediated intragenic 3,2 kb deletion (2%).(11) It is also important to note that while the diagnosis of 3A syndrome could be made on the basis of the molecular genetic analysis of the AAAS gene, some individuals do not present with an AAAS gene mutation, suggesting additional genetic mechanisms involved.","and inappropriate treatments.(11) In this review, we present an analytical, multidisciplinary approach for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of patients with 3A syndrome."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1693617502,"citingcorpusid":207994020,"citedcorpusid":26087006,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In one study spanning 30 years, 47 different mutations were described including 20 splice site or frameshift mutations (43%), 16 nonsense mutations (34%), 10 missense mutations (21%), and one Alu-mediated intragenic 3,2 kb deletion (2%).(11) It is also important to note that while the diagnosis of 3A syndrome could be made on the basis of the molecular genetic analysis of the AAAS gene, some individuals do not present with an AAAS gene mutation, suggesting additional genetic mechanisms involved.","and inappropriate treatments.(11) In this review, we present an analytical, multidisciplinary approach for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of patients with 3A syndrome."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3293769090,"citingcorpusid":232295190,"citedcorpusid":13855070,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Using patent data from 1999 to 2013, this paper explores the effects of the IBP scheme on green innovation, in terms of quantity and quality, based on the estimation of generalized differences–in-differences (DID).","This is true, in the limited sense that regulations raise the costs of production [26,27] and of compliance [10], and that such expenditure and resources might be used instead to foster innovations.","Generalized DID is employed specifically to identify the effects of policies implemented at different times in different areas [23–25].","The conventional models for induced effect analysis are ordinary least squares (OLS) and DID regression [2,26], which always lead to omitted variables and endogeneity bias.","In particular, we examined the induced effect of the IBP on green innovation, through the use of the generalized DID method, and offered explanations.","Generalized DID is typically employed to identify the effects of policies implemented at different times in different areas [3,4,10], treating these policies as quasi-natural experiments.","Finally, this paper employs the generalized DID for baseline regression [22] and conducts pre-existing trend tests, in order to ensure the common trend assumption.","To make up for such shortcomings, the generalized DID method was adopted, in order to explore the induced effects of the IBP scheme on green innovation, focusing on the policy, which was experimented step-by-step in certain areas.","In terms of the method, we employed generalized DID [50] for the baseline analysis, while the counterfactual method and a narrow time period were used for the robustness tests.","The conventional models for induced effect analysis are OLS and DID [2,27] which always lead to the omission of related variables and endogeneity bias.","The validity of the generalized DID and the causal interpretation of the results rely on two assumptions: (1) There is a common pre-existing trend in patents between experimental provinces and non-experimented provinces, and (2) the cross-province IBP adoption is randomly selected."," All results in the figure used the method of generalized DID with controls."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["methodology"],null,null]}
{"citationid":1912159448,"citingcorpusid":157807647,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Whereas in the IMF and the World Bank (Lesage et al. 2015; Vestergaard and Wade 2015),2 recent voting weight reforms have led to a modest increase of China’s role, within the UNSC, it remains in a fairly strong position.","Whereas in the IMF and the World Bank (Lesage et al. 2015; Vestergaard and Wade 2015),(2) recent voting weight reforms have led to a modest increase of China’s role, within the UNSC, it remains in a fairly strong position.","Adaptation of the institutional structure is a challenge that seems to affect many international organizations (including, for example, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund), but the case of the UNSC very clearly illustrates the influence of path dependency and how high decision thresholds for change may prevent an institution from adapting to current challenges and circumstances."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":554801492,"citingcorpusid":55804778,"citedcorpusid":13855070,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The existence of energy spillovers as a market failure provides support to the Porter hypothesis (Ambec et al. 2013)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
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{"citationid":2267043938,"citingcorpusid":157918492,"citedcorpusid":13855070,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition to encouraging the adoption of known pollution abatement measures, environmentally related taxes can provide significant incentives for innovation as firms and consumers seek new, cleaner solutions in response to the price put on pollution (Ambec et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1829020059,"citingcorpusid":170060786,"citedcorpusid":13855070,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Most studies have so far assessed the impact of environmental regulations on environmental and economic performance separately (for reviews, see Ambec et al., 2013; Arlinghaus, 2015; Dechezleprêtre and Sato, 2017; Jaffe et al., 1995; Lankoski, 2010; Iraldo et al., 2011; Endrikat et al., 2014;…","Market-based regulations (taxation, emission trading schemes) would therefore be preferable to command-and-control regulations (Ambec et al. 2013).","Ambec et al. (2013) illustrate the main causal links involved in the Porter Hypothesis (see Figure 1)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":812476981,"citingcorpusid":21286722,"citedcorpusid":18101996,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Despite detailed studies of a diverse array of DNA binding proteins (see [1-3] and references therein), our understanding of sequence specific protein-DNA interactions at the molecular level is far from complete."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1678296760,"citingcorpusid":8796572,"citedcorpusid":122126819,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…measured prime variables, such as cell density or metabolite concentration, to each calculated variable q¼ f (m1, m2, . . .) using the equation (Taylor, 1997)\ndq2 ¼ X\ni\n@f\n@mi\n2 @m2i (8)\nwhere the sum is over all prime variables that influence the calculated value of q. Numerical finite…"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":434188131,"citingcorpusid":18890698,"citedcorpusid":85728029,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…is in contrast to the finding of previous studies that in various vegetable cultivars that are mainly bred for growth, the phenolic compound concentrations exponentially decrease over time due to the dilution effect from rapid growth after germination (Oh and Rajashekar, 2009; Oh et al., 2010)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
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{"citationid":4983399,"citingcorpusid":9280194,"citedcorpusid":3111372,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["One typical characteristic of a body sensor network is its very limited transmission power, as these tiny sensors are running continuously in a 24/7 mode [3], therefore energy-efficient relay transmission is very important for the body sensor networks."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1126884651,"citingcorpusid":148589739,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…similar ship-travesty motif is found in Yesenin’s iconic A Letter to the Woman, where the Earth itself is represented in the form of a ship:\nBut all at once, Someone, in search of better life and glory, Has turned it, gracefully, taking his chance, Into the hub of storm and flurry (Yesenin, 1998).","The world is but a ship! But all at once, Someone, in search of better life and glory, Has turned it, gracefully, taking his chance, Into the hub of storm and flurry (Yesenin, 1998)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":270411468,"citingcorpusid":19859518,"citedcorpusid":20023759,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["cloacae in laboratory reared Peridroma saucia (Huber) (Armstrong et al., 1989), S.","…previously been reported to be associated with lepidopteran guts as normal symbionts e.g., E. cloacae in laboratory reared Peridroma saucia (Huber) (Armstrong et al., 1989), S. sciuri in laboratory reared Mythimna separata (Walker) (He et al., 2013) and M. paraoxydans in wild larvae of Ostrinia…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1989796808,"citingcorpusid":55986171,"citedcorpusid":11267231,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…5,900 cal. yrs BP; e.g. Andersen and Rasmussen, 1993) and the concomitant transition from a predominately marine to terrestrial diet for humans (Tauber, 1981; Fischer et al., 2007), and has previously been hypothesised to be a causal factor behind these changes (Rowley-Conwy, 1984; Andersen,…","Shellfish were still harvested in many places, despite the occurrence of a cultural shift from a marine to a terrestrially-dominated diet (Tauber, 1981; Fischer et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1143141742,"citingcorpusid":12814110,"citedcorpusid":154328183,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["captures, primarily, the effects of spatial contiguity (Anselin and Florax 1995); (2) the endogenous generation of spatial influences by employing estimation methods that search for the influences of one spatial unit on another (Fingleton 2003), and (3) finally spatial filtering techniques to remove spatial influences prior to formal econometric estimation (Getis and Griffith 2002).","…(2) the endogenous generation of spatial influences by employing estimation methods that search for the influences of one spatial unit on another (Fingleton 2003), and (3) finally spatial filtering techniques to remove spatial influences prior to formal econometric estimation (Getis and Griffith…"],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1596635650,"citingcorpusid":80325888,"citedcorpusid":11632601,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["El voriconazol, a pesar de tener menos eficacia, sí ha demostrado presentar cierta actividad frente al crecimiento tanto por vía tópica como por vía oral dado el efecto contra la síntesis de la doble capa lipídica (7) que cubre la pared de los quistes (1), por lo que se trata de una excelente alternativa como adyuvante al tratamiento habitual.","Se presentan en forma de trofozoítos (activos) y quistes (latentes), que son altamente resistentes a condiciones ambientales hostiles y capaces de sobrevivir durante periodos prolongados (1)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":22854188,"citingcorpusid":33800149,"citedcorpusid":111136970,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Soft computing methods have rapidly emerged to attack the capacity allocation and expansion problem (For instance, Bard et al., 1999; Swaminathan, 2000 and Merkle et al., 2002)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":272681594,"citingcorpusid":16930735,"citedcorpusid":110168593,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The structure is composed with an “H”-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) and two stubs with rectangular patches, compared with the structure of D-CRLHTL proposed in paper [6, 7], this structure is simpler and more easily adjusted."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3251824910,"citingcorpusid":224989622,"citedcorpusid":162551357,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These studies exclude those on identities relating to, for example, gender roles (e.g., Mantell et al., 2009), culture (e.g., Coullie, 1999; Greenstein, 1998), and religion and literature (e.g., Levey, 2007), amongst others."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1636624909,"citingcorpusid":206224095,"citedcorpusid":25196235,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These roles include both host-protective functions—in the zebrafish mycobacterial infection model, they are important in mycobacterial killing within the granuloma through NADPH-oxidase-dependent mechanisms, notably after the initial formation of the granuloma (Yang et al. 2012)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1586204134,"citingcorpusid":116253984,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Hierzu können die Arbeiten [5], [6] und [7] gezählt werden.","Dieser Weg, die einzelnen Reglerschleifen sukzessive zu schließen, wurde schon in den Arbeiten [6] und [7] eingeschlagen.","In den Arbeiten [6] und [7] werden unter Zugrundelegung eines allgemeinen Blockschaltbildes für Regelstrecken mit drei Freiheitsgraden allgemeine Gleichungen für die Zählerfunktionen bzw.","Im Gegensatz zu früheren Arbeiten — insbesondere [6], [7] und [8] — sollte bei dem erarbeiteten Rechenverfahren sowohl die Anzahl der Stell- bzw."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":845155435,"citingcorpusid":32925887,"citedcorpusid":25196235,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To determine whether the neutrophils were infiltrating the intestinal epithelium, the uhrf1 line was crossed to Tg(lysC:dsRed) (21), a transgenic line marking neutrophils (22)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4014466054,"citingcorpusid":252869114,"citedcorpusid":91260841,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…trajectories, fruit crop pest, insect population dynamics, next generation sequencing, omics, population genomics, reciprocal transplant experiments, Tephritidae, West Indian fruit fly\nHeckel,  2014; Simon et al.,  2015; Doellman & Feder,  2019; Gloss et al.,  2019; Hardy et al.,  2020)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":987425286,"citingcorpusid":62897079,"citedcorpusid":39690407,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["shown that over the course of a few days, the weight of the food consumed was more constant than the calories eaten (Poppitt and Prentice, 1996; Rolls and Bell, 2000; Yao and Roberts, 2001; Kral and Rolls, 2004).","Other studies have shown that over the course of a few days, the weight of the food consumed was more constant than the calories eaten (Poppitt and Prentice, 1996; Rolls and Bell, 2000; Yao and Roberts, 2001; Kral and Rolls, 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3664731246,"citingcorpusid":246544557,"citedcorpusid":30582890,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Existing biological differences not only confound clinical translation but, in some cases, result in nanomedicines being less effective than their traditional counterparts [405,406]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":605856191,"citingcorpusid":41496432,"citedcorpusid":111136970,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Making efficient use of equipment is therefore of great strategic importance, especially since profitability is determined by amortizing the cost of the facility over all chips produced (Bard et al., 1999).","…are used to consider more important characteristics and provide more information under different manufacturing environments and complexities (Bard et al., 1999; Chung & Hsieh, 2004; Donohue, Hopp, & Spearman, 2002; Iwata, Taji, & Tamura, 2003; Neacy et al., 1993; Swaminathan, 2000, 2002;…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3664732132,"citingcorpusid":246544557,"citedcorpusid":29204912,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many approaches have been developed to target the TME to overcome these barriers and enhance penetration depth [22,23], including normalization of the vasculature [24,25], alleviation of mechanical stress [26], reduction of tumor hypoxia [27,28], reprogramming tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) [29,30], and modulating tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotype [31,32]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3664732398,"citingcorpusid":246544557,"citedcorpusid":18713735,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Since both electrostatic attraction and repulsion decrease particle transport, neutral nanoparticles disperse more efficiently in the interstitial space of the tumor than anionic and cationic particles [124,125]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3134578023,"citingcorpusid":220974703,"citedcorpusid":4488142,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Of these, the capital city, Dhaka and Chittagong are the high-transmission settings and Rajshahi and Chapai Nawabganj are low-transmission settings [9, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32] (Fig."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2440523100,"citingcorpusid":14645892,"citedcorpusid":84540863,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Plasticity has also been observed in connection with Daphnia behaviour such as migration, phototaxis, and swarming reactions (Kvam & Kleiven 1995) and in\n5 See for example Grant & Bayly (1981), Hanazato (1991), Hunter & Pyle (2004), Krueger & Dodson (1981), and Tollrian (1994).\nconnection with…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2485288324,"citingcorpusid":168157138,"citedcorpusid":154033917,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…reevaluations tie into a growing acceptance of the existence of the varieties of capitalism and business systems that abound in different countries (Fitzgerald, 2000; Hall & Soskice, 2001; Whitley, 1999), a literature thread that has led to an enumeration of a growing number of heterogeneous…","Different historical antecedents generate national institutional contexts that encourage distinctive forms of business and market organization by promoting and constraining the development of particular ways of organizing economic activity (Fitzgerald, 2000; Whitley, 1992)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":88344097,"citingcorpusid":334575,"citedcorpusid":5118382,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Therefore, spices could be used to prevent and treat cancers, because oxidative stress [7–12], inflammatory stress [13,14] and immune response [15,16] have been associated with the genesis, growth, and metastasis of cancers [17–19]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":864904708,"citingcorpusid":46805661,"citedcorpusid":13372358,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2009) and early-onset patients (Wilson et al., 2008) as even in those at high risk for psychosis (Leicht et al.","…with schizophrenia (Schmiedt et al., 2005; Haenschel et al., 2009), and oscillatory alterations have been reported in both first-episode (Spencer et al., 2008; Williams et al., 2009) and early-onset patients (Wilson et al., 2008) as even in those at high risk for psychosis (Leicht et al., 2016)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3142244263,"citingcorpusid":220056340,"citedcorpusid":2209718,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["rring variant are identical to those for the Painlev´e–Gullstrand version of the Schwarzschild spacetime. (For a related discussion, see for instance the discussion by Martel and Poisson in reference [24].) For the on-axis null curves xa(t) = (t,r(t)) we have gab (dxa/dt) (dxb/dt) = 0 implying − 1+  dr dt + p 2m/r  2 = 0. (5.3) That is, for on-axis null curves (as expected for a black hole) we have "],"intents":[["result"]]}
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{"citationid":797204171,"citingcorpusid":51857342,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The ability to establish rapport depends on the salesperson's movements and body language, dress and or attire, as well as the use of sensory based language and pace of approach (Valentino 2000; Wood 2006).","This six stage approach considers relational behaviors that allow salespeople to develop and manage rapport (Valentino 2000).","In his study of selling, Valentino (2000) using his neurolinguistic programming (NLP) paradigm, uncovered specific relational behaviors that underlie six structural components that allow salespeople to develop rapport.","They developed the construct from the source loyalty definitions in Wind (1970) and Morris and Holman (1988)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2734820852,"citingcorpusid":13955695,"citedcorpusid":14686458,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["REFERENCES\nAlcock, C. et al. 2000, ApJ, 542, 281 Aldering, G. et al. 2004, astro-ph/0405232 Afonso, C. et al. 2003, A&A, 400, 951 Ansari, R., et al. 1999, A&A, 344, L49 Aurière, M., et al. 2001, ApJ, 553, L137 Baillon, P., Bouquet, A., Giraud-Héraud, Y., & Kaplan, J. 1993,\nA&A, 277, 1 Baltz, E. A. & Gondolo, P. 2001, ApJ, 559, 41 Baltz, E. A., Gyuk, G. & Crotts, A. 2003, ApJ, 582, 30 Baltz, E. A., Lauer, T. R., Zurek, D. R., Gondolo, P., Shara, M.\nM., Silk, J. & Zepf, S. E. 2004, ApJ, 610, 691 Baltz, E. A. & Silk, J. 2000, ApJ, 530, 578 Bond, I. A., et al. 2004, ApJ, 606, L155 Calchi Novati, S., et al. 2002, A&A, 381, 848 Calchi Novati, S., et al. 2003, A&A, 405, 851 Chabrier, G. 2001, ApJ, 554, 1274 Crotts, A. P. S. 1992, ApJ, 399, L43 Crotts, A. P. S. & Tomaney, A. B. 1996, ApJ, 473, L87 Crotts, A. P. S. 2004, private communication Einstein, A. 1936, Science, 84, 506 Gondolo, P. 1999, ApJ, 510, L29 Gould, A. 1994, ApJ, 435, 573 Gould, A. 1995, ApJ, 455, 44\nGould, A. 1996, ApJ, 470, 201 Kerins, E. et al. 2001, MNRAS, 323, 13 Graff, D. S. & Kim, A., astro-ph/0101395 Griest, K. 1991, ApJ, 366, 412 Jaroszyński, M., et al. 2004, Acta Astron., 54, 103 Jetzer, P. 1994, A&A, 286, 426 de Jong, J. T. A., et al. 2004, A&A, 417, 461 Kent, S. M. 1989, AJ, 97, 1614 Lauer, T. R. & Mighell, K. J. 2003, private communication Mamon, G. A. & Soneira, R. M. 1982, ApJ, 255, 181 Mao, S. & Paczyński, B. 1991, ApJ, 374, L37 Paulin-Henriksson, S. et al. 2003, A&A, 405, 15 Riffeser, A., Fliri, J., Bender, R., Seitz, S. & Goessl, C. A. 2003,\nApJ, 599, L17 Terndrup, D. M., Frogel, J. A., & Whitford, A. E. 1990, ApJ, 357,\n453 Tomaney, A. B. & Crotts, A. P. S. 1996, AJ, 112, 2872 Tyson, J. A. et al. 2004, http://www.lsst.org/ Uglesich, R. 2001, Ph.D. thesis, Columbia University Uglesich, R., Crotts, A. P. S., Baltz, E. A., de Jong, J., Boyle, R. P.\n& Corbally, C. J. 2004, ApJ, 877, 612 Walterbos, R. A. M. & Kennicutt, R. C. 1988, A&A, 198, 61 Yoo, J. et al. 2004, ApJ, 603, 139","Several collaborations, including MEGA (de Jong et al. 2004) (preceded by the VATT/Columbia survey (Crotts & Tomaney 1996, Uglesich 2001, Uglesich et al. 2004)), AGAPE (Ansari et al. 1999, Aurière et al. 2001, Calchi Novati et al. 2002, Paulin-Henriksson et al. 2003, Calchi Novati et al. 2003), and WeCAPP (Riffeser et al. 2003), have produced a number of microlensing event candidates involving stars in M31.","…by the VATT/Columbia survey (Crotts & Tomaney 1996, Uglesich 2001, Uglesich et al. 2004)), AGAPE (Ansari et al. 1999, Aurière et al. 2001, Calchi Novati et al. 2002, Paulin-Henriksson et al. 2003, Calchi Novati et al. 2003), and WeCAPP (Riffeser et al. 2003), have produced a number of…"],"intents":[null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1963315728,"citingcorpusid":144704705,"citedcorpusid":154116437,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Bruegel, 1996; Buck, 1994; Burgers, 1996; Dangschat, 1991; Fainstein, et al. (eds) 1992; Hall, 1996; Jarvis, 1997; Jones, 1996; van Kempen 1994; Kloosterman, 1994,1996; Marcuse, 1989, 1993; Mingione, 1996; Mollenkopf, 1999; Mollenkopf and Castells, (eds) 1991; Murie and Musterd, 1996; Murphy…"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1811108816,"citingcorpusid":112799938,"citedcorpusid":137191298,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Kala et al [9] showed that addition of Al2O3, SiC, B4C, etc.into Al6061 increases the hardness, yield strength and tensile strength of the composites.","Kala et al [9] showed that addition of Al2O3, SiC, B4C, etc."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1584508128,"citingcorpusid":137395787,"citedcorpusid":39608838,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Camargo et al. (2009) [4] realizaram um estudo em 40 incisivos inferiores, todos com canais retos, e avaliaram a medição dos aparelhos Root ZX, Mini Apex e Apex Dsp, após preparo do terço cervical com lima SX e S1 do sistema Protaper.","(2009) [4] realizaram um estudo em 40 incisivos inferiores, todos com canais retos, e avaliaram a medição dos aparelhos Root ZX, Mini Apex e Apex Dsp, após preparo do terço cervical com lima SX e S1 do sistema Protaper."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":286405727,"citingcorpusid":8161466,"citedcorpusid":5527945,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Indeed, these amphiphilic compounds are featured by a heptapeptide, with the LDDLLDL α-amino acid configuration including invariable D-Tyr(2) and D-Asn(3), cyclized in a ring with a β-amino fatty acid chain with a length of 14 to 17 carbons [2,3]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2692394804,"citingcorpusid":11066699,"citedcorpusid":26888253,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Different members of this family have been shown to be induced or repressed in response to different conditions in vitro, and some of these proteins have been shown to be antigenic during human or animal infection or to be required for virulence (7, 8, 32, 37, 51)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":595929394,"citingcorpusid":56271578,"citedcorpusid":57416197,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Pourpeighambar and Sabaei [49] have presented a study to address the energy consumption owing to moving targets in wireless sensor network.","Pourpeighambar and Sabaei [49] have presented a study to address the energy consumption owing to moving","Pourpeighambar and Sabaei [49] Energy consumption for mobile data aggregation Rate distortion theory, hybrid clustering Minimize error with increasing target velocity -No benchmarking -doesn’t measure complexity involved in algorithm processing Li and Wang [50] Prediction of correlated data Time-series, ARIMA Minimize error -No benchmarking -doesn’t measure complexity involved in algorithm processing Sun and Wu [51] Space time sampling Mathematical modelling of sampling on multiple dimension Reduced error occurrences -No benchmarking -doesn’t measure complexity involved in algorithm processing Lu et al."],"intents":[null,["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1010807826,"citingcorpusid":15708917,"citedcorpusid":84301771,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["We would also like to thank Dr. David ShapiroIlan and anonymous reviewers for their suggestions to improve this manuscript.","Surveys of patent infection in blackfly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) have typically observed less than 10% of individuals infected (based on cadaver opalescence) (Weiser 1968; Batson et al. 1976; Takaoka 1980; Avery and Bauer 1984; Batson 1986; Erlandson and Mason 1990; Williams and Cory 1993).","Although IIV6 has been reported to cause substantial mortality in the\nboll weevil and cotton aphid (McLaughlin et al. 1972; Bilimoria 2001), mortality, though significant, was rather low when injected into adult and larval Phyllophaga vandinei.","Iridoviruses have been reported to infect coleopteran species including the scarab, Sericesthis pruinosa (Day and Mercer 1964); Diaprepes root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (Hunter et al. 2003, Hunter and Lapointe 2003); and boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis (McLaughlin et al. 1972)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3484818176,"citingcorpusid":208037300,"citedcorpusid":2112166,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…continuing to employ less effective approaches, reinventing “innovations” that have already been tested, and recycling concepts (such as learning styles, (Pashler et al. 2008; Cook 2012b) generalizable\nskills, (Monteiro et al. 2019) and millennial learners (Bennett and Maton 2010; Jones and Shao…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4017588345,"citingcorpusid":254986946,"citedcorpusid":37945617,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In this respect, our study builds on the study of Claessens et al. (2006), which indicates that a group membership in the pre crisis period is beneficial only for mature firms with sluggish growth.","5 To identify the pre Asian crisis and Asian crisis period, we follow earlier studies on the subject (see e.g., Lee and Song 2012; Claessens et al. 2006; Lemmon and Lins 2003)."],"intents":[["result"],null]}
{"citationid":2260699380,"citingcorpusid":118859006,"citedcorpusid":119088519,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These results were modelled by Taranu et al. (2014), who found that star formation in discs declines with an exponential timescale of∼ 3 Gyr, starting at cluster infall."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":4004095157,"citingcorpusid":254545851,"citedcorpusid":142726049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["An ethnographic theoretical approach was employed to uncover within the learning group, in a\nrecursive way, patterns of beliefs, values and attitudes as students learned in this classroom environment (Wolcott 1999).","recursive way, patterns of beliefs, values and attitudes as students learned in this classroom environment (Wolcott 1999)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1678932759,"citingcorpusid":206401196,"citedcorpusid":96001651,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Industrial wastewater containing sulfate has contributed to this sulfur imbalance [1]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":286729924,"citingcorpusid":11011935,"citedcorpusid":8559210,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It also contains second-order cone programming [2, 66, 36], another convex optimization problem which has many applications."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2700044081,"citingcorpusid":96918554,"citedcorpusid":39088837,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Our FLAPW-GGA data for a-quartz gives a value of BG = 5.61 eV (indirect K–C transition) in excellent agreement with results of others LDA calculations (e.g., BG = 5.59 eV, Xu and Ching 1991; BG = 5.84 eV, Gnani et al. 2000; BG = 5.38 eV, Samantaray et al. 2004) but differs considerably from the experimental gap which is about 8.9 eV, see, for example, Klein and Chun (1972) or the references in  Xu and Ching (1991) .","Our FLAPW-GGA data for a-quartz gives a value of BG = 5.61 eV (indirect K–C transition) in excellent agreement with results of others LDA calculations (e.g., BG = 5.59 eV,  Xu and Ching 1991;  BG = 5.84 eV, Gnani et al. 2000; BG = 5.38 eV, Samantaray et al. 2004) but differs considerably from the experimental gap which is about 8.9 eV, see, for example, Klein and Chun (1972) or the references in Xu and Ching (1991).","For a-quartz our data reproduce the well-known picture (see, for example,  Xu and Ching 1991 ), where the bottom of conduction band is formed mainly by"],"intents":[["result"],["result"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3671512194,"citingcorpusid":246227925,"citedcorpusid":154516895,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Trust can be positioned in a specific environment (Cordery and Baskerville, 2011; Hyndman and Mcconville, 2017; Lewis et al., 1985; Li et al., 2006), in many conditions which have mutual relationship appearing trust as a basic contract."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":7621368,"citingcorpusid":46331288,"citedcorpusid":35597999,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Finlayson and Trezzi [9] presented a method called Max RGB in which they assumed that maximum reflectance of all three channels is equal to the illuminant.","In this section, we present a number of experimental results to demonstrate the performance of the proposed automatic white balancing method in comparison with other state-of-the-art low-level-feature-based AWB techniques including Grey-World [7], Max RGB [9], Shade of Grey [9], MAD CbCr [18] and Grey-Edge [10].","Algorithms in the first group rely on certain assumptions about low-level features, such as Grey-World [7], White Patch [8], Shades of Grey [9], Grey-Edge [10] and retinex theory [8].","They called their generalized method ‘Shades of Grey’ which is defined as: where a is the normalized factor in the image area (cid:4) and h is the average reflectance of a scene: It can be seen that the Shades of Grey method becomes the Grey-World method when p = 1, and Max RGB when p → ∞ .","The chromatic components can be easily obtained by converting the image values from RGB to YCbCr colour space.","In this section, we present a number of experimental results to demonstrate the performance of the proposed automatic white balancing method in comparison with other state-ofthe-art low-level-feature-based AWB techniques including Grey-World [7], Max RGB [9], Shade of Grey [9], MAD CbCr [18] and Grey-Edge [10].","The illuminant estimation is limited by pre-captured image values which are often represented in RGB colour space.","In this experiment, we tested our method on 482 images rendered by [28] against the state-of-the-art low-level AWB methods including Grey-World, Max RGB and Grey-Edge.","Finlayson and Trezzi [9] presented a method called Max RGB in which they assumed that maximum reflectance of all three channels is equal to the illuminant."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,["methodology"],null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":2490753186,"citingcorpusid":44706460,"citedcorpusid":3114649,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is further known that lymphopenia is an independent predictor of mortality and atherosclerosis progression in cardiovascular diseases [16,21,22].","We observed no lymphopenia in PAMI, which is in contrast to previous reports in ACS patients and probably related to the extent of myocardial damage [16,21,22]."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":3222491001,"citingcorpusid":230702255,"citedcorpusid":145526035,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Such phenomena are frequent in intercultural communication and are referred to as communication strategies following a number of recent studies (Tarone 1981, Houston 2006, Zhang 2007) [12; 13; 18]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":592484611,"citingcorpusid":54939337,"citedcorpusid":84721824,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This fact suggests that by using aluminium chloride method alone, one will underestimate the content of total flavonoids, which probably accounts for a lower correlation between flavonoid content and antioxidant activity (Meda et al., 2005; Prasad et al. 2009)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":22233243,"citingcorpusid":12031994,"citedcorpusid":2714404,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", type IV collagen, laminin, syndecans, and glypicans) associated with normal liver regeneration [70, 73, 86]; other key paracrine signals include OPN and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) which induce collagen-I deposition and other matrix components associated with fibrosis by stellate cells andMFs [87, 88]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":411206503,"citingcorpusid":6398192,"citedcorpusid":2501986,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In principle, dynasore can block endocytic pathways in hippocampal neurons [41]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2156175110,"citingcorpusid":52881600,"citedcorpusid":26192502,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Platelets are actively involved in a number of physiologic and pathologic processes, such as inflammation[13], anti-microbial host defense[14], aspects of the immune response[15], tumor growth and metastasis[16, 17], angiogenesis[18], lymphatic vessel development[19], and atherosclerosis."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1702469170,"citingcorpusid":206212910,"citedcorpusid":26192502,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["by facilitating the adhesion of microbes to the vessel wall, it is now understood that platelets play a significant role in host defense against pathogenic microorganisms.(157,158) Numerous studies have demonstrated that platelets are among the first blood cells to rec-"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1938136332,"citingcorpusid":26145532,"citedcorpusid":219206935,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although there is substantial evidence showing improved exam scores and lower failure rates in active learning sections compared with traditional lecturing, many faculty still find it difficult to transition out of lecture-based teaching (11)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3235719453,"citingcorpusid":231645704,"citedcorpusid":169239760,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In contrast to the approach of full automation, the concept of HRC does not intend for the machine to replace the employees but to supplement their abilities, relieve them of stressful or heavy work or to enable them to carry out work, which they could not do on their own [3]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":802434091,"citingcorpusid":15611706,"citedcorpusid":25304651,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["5522 Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(17) September 1, 2009 www.","5523 Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(17) September 1, 2009 www.","5525 Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(17) September 1, 2009 www.","5524 Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(17) September 1, 2009 www.","5526 Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(17) September 1, 2009 www.","5518 Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(17) September 1, 2009 www.","5520 Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(17) September 1, 2009 www.","5519 Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(17) September 1, 2009 www.","5521 Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(17) September 1, 2009 www."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":2800980777,"citingcorpusid":22066420,"citedcorpusid":23044709,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The finding of Luconyl Blue inside only some of the human vessels indicated that newly formed vessels remain in a plastic state of remodeling, perhaps depending on the proper combination of stimulating survival signals such as vascular endothelial growth factor or Angiopoetin-1 for further maturation.(32,33) Thus, this system may be suitable for analyses of vascular remodeling and evaluation of factors that affect the later steps of angiogenesis."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1109930963,"citingcorpusid":8458187,"citedcorpusid":23044709,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The release of VEGF-A from the target tissues is somewhat surprising as VEGF-A(165) is a matrix bound growth factor that one would not expect to diffuse easily away from the transduced tissue.(12) Previously, only very small amounts of VEGF-A(165) have been found in circulation after i."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1093065652,"citingcorpusid":24894860,"citedcorpusid":23044709,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…endothelial growth factor A/vascular permeability factor (VEGF-A/VPF) is a multifunctional growth factor and cytokine that is primarily responsible for the pathological angiogenesis of malignant tumors, healing wounds, and chronic inflammation (Dvorak 2002; Dvorak et al. 1995; Ferrara 1999).","Vascular endothelial growth factor A/vascular permeability factor (VEGF-A/VPF) is a multifunctional growth factor and cytokine that is primarily responsible for the pathological angiogenesis of malignant tumors, healing wounds, and chronic inflammation (Dvorak 2002; Dvorak et al. 1995; Ferrara 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1093263196,"citingcorpusid":91135429,"citedcorpusid":23044709,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is particularly active in ontogeny as a critical systemic mediator of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis [25]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1064958000,"citingcorpusid":124092550,"citedcorpusid":124532932,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["4 and a theorem of Nomizu [109] we infer that theK(i)’s extend globally to 〈〈Mext〉〉."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":419426403,"citingcorpusid":6577352,"citedcorpusid":124532932,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The extension of Z can then be simply done using the classical results of [15].","Therefore, using [15], the rotational Killing vector-field Z can be extended throughout the exterior region."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3740310161,"citingcorpusid":248811013,"citedcorpusid":124532932,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A classical result [30] says, in this case, that any locally defined vector field X on an open subset U of M , extends coherently to M ."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2926780169,"citingcorpusid":42438926,"citedcorpusid":44465911,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1536241059,"citingcorpusid":135175987,"citedcorpusid":60602725,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["L'ouvrage de [JURGEN, 1998], par contre est plus complet, quoique relativement vieux, d'un point de vue des ITS."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3175580823,"citingcorpusid":9814955,"citedcorpusid":60602725,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, the availability of sensor data describing the stress levels of individual drivers, might allow the instantiation of a UTC system that attempts to minimise driver-stress levels across a city.","…of every vehicle in the system with onboard GPS, or the stress levels of drivers with on-board sensors) and our confidence in the accuracy and timeliness of the sensed values, different means of fusing these sensor readings together will be appropriate (Abidi and Gonzalez 1992; Klein 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2878726149,"citingcorpusid":5555206,"citedcorpusid":60602725,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Processing at each level can be done in parallel with the other levels [ 1 ].","Rulebased networks are most useful as top-level controllers due to their organizational nature [ 1 ]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2628145711,"citingcorpusid":14348883,"citedcorpusid":8568947,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[", 2001), other kinases could also ensure phosphorylation, the best candidates being SFKs (Plattner et al., 1999; Dorey et al., 2001; Furstoss et al., 2002; Tanis et al., 2003).","Although the role of SFKs in c-Abl binding to PDGFR has not been demonstrated,\nthe existence of a ternary tyrosine kinase complex PDGFR–Src–c-Abl has been suggested, enabling Src-induced c-Abl phosphorylation and activation. c-Abl phosphorylation may be, however, reduced by the tyrosine phosphatase and c-Abl interactor PSTPIP1 (proline/serine/threonine-phosphatase-interacting protein 1).","Mechanistically, c-Abl forms a complex with activated SFKs (Stanglmaier et al., 2003) (S. Roche, unpublished data) and PDGFRs, through its Src-binding site (Plattner et al., 2004).","Mutagenesis analysis has implicated two tyrosine residues, present in the juxta-membrane region of the PDGF receptor (PDGFR), which, when phosphorylated, create a binding site for SFKs.","Most carcinoma cells are, however, rather resistant to imatinib treatment in vitro, probably because c-Abl phosphorylation by SFK reduces imatinib potency 50-fold (Tanis et al., 2003).","Indeed, several of them, including the SFKs (Src family of kinases), regulate cell growth and migration, and play important roles during embryogenesis (Thomas and Brugge, 1997). c-Abl belongs to this class of tyrosine kinases and is the prototype of a subfamily which includes two members, c-Abl and Arg (Abl-related gene).","Although c-Abl may achieve phosphorylation in trans (Brasher and Van Etten, 2000; Dorey et al., 2001), other kinases could also ensure phosphorylation, the best candidates being SFKs (Plattner et al., 1999; Dorey et al., 2001; Furstoss et al., 2002; Tanis et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":685233070,"citingcorpusid":19926859,"citedcorpusid":60602725,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In Naval £eet defense, measurements taken from di¡erent sources are fused to obtain a better and more reliable estimate of the location of incoming aircraft [2]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":942500967,"citingcorpusid":41785303,"citedcorpusid":56568283,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Although many Japanese live alone for decades in old age, in most cases support eventually rests with adult children living in the same household ( Kendig et al. 1999;  Therborn 2004).","The literature on caregiving provides considerable evidence that depression levels vary by gender—women are subjected to more burden and stress in their daily lives due to the caregiving role than men and are more likely to experience the loss of a spouse ( Kendig et al. 1999;  Marks et al. 2002).","However, since men and women face disparate expectations concerning household roles, large amounts of housework and combative household relationships can result in increased depressive symptoms among women (Izuhara 2000;  Kendig et al. 1999;  West and Zimmerman 1987)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3332314438,"citingcorpusid":233990052,"citedcorpusid":35995032,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Application has been realized in various scenarios, such as traffic monitoring [7], logistics automatic sorting systems [8], and mine detection [9]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1602019051,"citingcorpusid":58816872,"citedcorpusid":25719372,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["SICAM-l appears as a serum protein most likely after proteolytic cleavage of the complete extrecellular part of the molecule close to the cell membrane [5,14]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1118478751,"citingcorpusid":2284917,"citedcorpusid":25719372,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin were measured with a sandwich enzyme immunoassay ELISA using a relevant kit of R and D Systems [2, 13].","Little information is available on their diagnostic and physiological signi®cance [2, 6, 12, 13].","Immunophenotyping was performed by immuno¯uorescence using immuno¯uorescence microscopy.\nsICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin were measured with a sandwich enzyme immunoassay ELISA using a relevant kit of R and D Systems [2, 13]."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,null]}
{"citationid":1224708427,"citingcorpusid":1043986,"citedcorpusid":36689125,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Five of these are present to varying degrees in most somatic cells and are referred to as replicative variants, because they are synthesized primarily or exclusively during the S phase of the cell cycle [4, 5]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":384667766,"citingcorpusid":28425496,"citedcorpusid":36689125,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…(Higurashi et al. 1987) when many potentially active genes are replicated (Goldman et al. 1984); it decreases in relative amount in quiescent cells (Lennox & Cohen 1983, D'Incalci et al. 1986); and its mRNA levels are substantially reduced in terminally differentiated tissues (Wang et al. 1997).","…synthesized during late S-phase (Higurashi et al. 1987) when constitutive and facultative heterochromatin are replicated (Goldman et al. 1984) and continues to be transcribed in terminally differentiated tissues (Wang et al. 1997), becoming the prevailing subtype in many of them (Pina et al. 1987).","1986); and its mRNA levels are substantially reduced in terminally differentiated tissues (Wang et al. 1997).","1984) and continues to be transcribed in terminally differentiated tissues (Wang et al. 1997), becoming the prevailing subtype in many of them (Pina et al.","Several reports have demonstrated that, unlike the other subtypes, synthesis of H1s-1 is replication-independent (most recently reviewed in Wang et al. 1997)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1154719137,"citingcorpusid":101933671,"citedcorpusid":94834856,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Treated flue gas from power plants contains CO2, N2, O2 and one of the methods for the separation for subsequent storage or utilization of CO2 is through gas hydrate formation (Aaron and Tsouris, 2005; Englezos and Lee, 2005; Kang and Lee, 2000; Seo et al., 2005).","For all the three molar concentrations of THF and 17% CO2/N2 gas mixture, the hydrates structure formed is sII (Kang and Lee, 2000; Kang et al., 2001a).","The results also agree well with the literature (Kang and Lee, 2000; Kang et al., 2001a).","Treated flue gas from power plants contains CO2, N2, O2 and one of the methods for\nthe separation for subsequent storage or utilization of CO2 is through gas hydrate formation (Aaron and Tsouris, 2005; Englezos and Lee, 2005; Kang and Lee, 2000; Seo et al., 2005).","One of the new promising methods for separating CO2 from flue gas or fuel gas\n(mixture of CO2 and H2) is through clathrate or gas hydrate formation (Englezos and Lee, 2005; Han et al., 2007; Kang and Lee, 2000; Klara and Srivastava, 2002).","The structure of hydrate from the gas mixture of CO2 and N2 is either sI or sII depending upon the relative ratio of the\n14\ntwo gas molecules in the small and large cavities (Kang and Lee, 2000).","It is known that the addition of tetrahydrofuran (THF) even in small quantities considerably reduces the equilibrium pressure (Kang and Lee, 2000).","Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is one such additive (Kang and Lee, 2000).","two gas molecules in the small and large cavities (Kang and Lee, 2000).","One of the new promising methods for separating CO2 from flue gas or fuel gas (mixture of CO2 and H2) is through clathrate or gas hydrate formation (Englezos and Lee, 2005; Han et al., 2007; Kang and Lee, 2000; Klara and Srivastava, 2002).","The structure of hydrate from the gas mixture is either sI or sII depending upon the relative ratio of the two gas molecules in the small and large cavities (Kang and Lee, 2000)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["result"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1532021851,"citingcorpusid":174809349,"citedcorpusid":44976107,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["venatorum was low in roe deer from Spain, being consistent with other investigations on roe deer from Italy, Germany and Slovenia (Duh et al., 2005; Tampieri et al., 2008; Zanet et al., 2014; Kauffmann et al., 2017); it was also found in a low percentage of mouflons from Germany (Kauffmann et al.","The percentage of infection by B. venatorum was low in roe deer from Spain, being consistent with other investigations on roe deer from Italy, Germany and Slovenia (Duh et al., 2005; Tampieri et al., 2008; Zanet et al., 2014; Kauffmann et al., 2017); it was also found in a low percentage of mouflons from Germany (Kauffmann et al., 2017)."],"intents":[["result"],null]}
{"citationid":1347938155,"citingcorpusid":137193549,"citedcorpusid":15217040,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The studies of properties indicate that BLG Cu-based SMAs have significant improvement in shape memory effect [80, 81], superelasticity [21, 26] and fatigue life [72, 82] compared to OPS alloys.","According to the related structure and grain size corresponding to Sgb/S value, it is intuitively illustrated that the single crystal without GB has Sgb/S = 0, the BLG has Sgb/S\\ 1 (some researchers called this structure with the GB area smaller than the total surface area as oligocrystalline structure [21]), and the OPS has Sgb/S C 1, which can be further subdivided into coarsegrained structure (1 B Sgb/S\\ 4) and fine-grained structure (Sgb/S C 4).","14 [21], the superelasticity of BLG Cu–Al–Ni wires prepared by Taylor-wire drawing technique reaches around 6."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1347937866,"citingcorpusid":137193549,"citedcorpusid":119773290,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["alloys, compared to A = 2 [8] for Ni–Ti alloys, where C11, C12 and C44 are the elastic stiffness coefficients."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1347939014,"citingcorpusid":137193549,"citedcorpusid":136536997,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Meanwhile, the fatigue life of OPS Cu–Al–Ni SMAs is twice or more times shorter than those of single crystalline ones, and their fatigue strength is also very low [5]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3888549433,"citingcorpusid":15951024,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["(one can see that (24) differrs also from the bosonic truncation of the N = 4, D = 4 Freedman-Schwarz gauged supergravity model used in [21, 22]).","The four dimensional Chamseddine-Volkov solution in [21, 22] can be uplifted to D = 5 [25] to become a solution of a consistent truncation of the N = 4 Romans’ model [26] with an action","A particularly interesting case is given by the Chamseddine-Volkov solution [21, 22] of the N = 4, D = 4 Freedman-Schwarz gauged supergravity model [23].","Its ten-dimensional lift was shown to represent 5-branes wrapped on a shrinking S(2) [22]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3147275395,"citingcorpusid":219562249,"citedcorpusid":92997234,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(44) analyzed the lipid composition of Caulobacter crescentus, an oligotrophic Gramnegative bacterium, under phosphate starvation conditions and revealed that this bacterium synthesized not only glycoglycerolipids but also a novel GSL (GSL-2, HexHexACer) to adapt to phosphate starvation."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1027462356,"citingcorpusid":90095161,"citedcorpusid":42098353,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["La Porphyromona Gingivalis es una de las bacterias predominantes de la periodontitis crónica y demás patologias periodontales que forma parte del biofilm subgingival (20)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3678890504,"citingcorpusid":247105651,"citedcorpusid":17065834,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The genus also participates in biogeochemical cycling of metals, facilitating oxidation/reduction processes [41]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":307422147,"citingcorpusid":17476926,"citedcorpusid":5094971,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is very difficult to achieve, especially when accessing complicated objects which have to be serialized and deserialized on the fly."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1082900078,"citingcorpusid":119180813,"citedcorpusid":5689599,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These include, for example, the study of polymers and DNA [12, 17], elastic and viscous threads [15, 16, 18, 19], botanical applications [20, 21], elastic ribbons [14], woven cloth [22] and tangled hair [23]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3994594649,"citingcorpusid":254182287,"citedcorpusid":5689599,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and numerical approaches (Cruickshank and Munson 1982a, b, 1983; Cruickshank 1988; Griffiths and Turner 1988; Tchavdarov et al. 1993; Mahadevan et al. 1998; Skorobogatiy and Mahadevan 2000; Tome and Mckee 1999; Ribe 2004; Ribe et al. 2006; Maleki et al. 2004; Habibi et al. 2014; Brun et al. 2014).","Since then, viscous buckling has been studied by numerous authors using experimental, theoretical, and numerical approaches (Cruickshank and Munson 1982a, b, 1983; Cruickshank 1988; Griffiths and Turner 1988; Tchavdarov et al. 1993; Mahadevan et al. 1998; Skorobogatiy and Mahadevan 2000; Tome and Mckee 1999; Ribe 2004; Ribe et al. 2006; Maleki et al. 2004; Habibi et al. 2014; Brun et al. 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3225861236,"citingcorpusid":212829762,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Lo característico de este tipo de instrumentos es que el Ministerio y la institución adjudicante llegan a un acuerdo sobre cuáles deben ser los resultados esperados a partir de la implementación del convenio (Reich et al., 2011).","2) a nivel social, cuya materialización será más probable en la medida que el instrumento esté en sintonía con ámbitos de prioridad nacional (Reich et al., 2011).","Además, si se siguen los planteamientos de Reich et al. (2011), el sistema de educación superior necesita contar con información fidedigna y a tiempo respecto de sus procesos."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3809881756,"citingcorpusid":237423094,"citedcorpusid":12237910,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In contrast, a long-term exposure to improved household wealth would be desirable in reducing stunting(25,57).","Stunting and underweight declined non-significantly between 2003 and 2014 for the adolescent girls, corroborating the finding of Black et al.(57), who report that, globally, stunting is decreasing slowly.","between 2003 and 2014 for the adolescent girls, corroborating the finding of Black et al.(57), who report that, globally,","In reality, declines in stunting are only noticeable after a couple of generations of better-nourished mothers(57); but the 11year trend in our study sufficed to observe a trend."],"intents":[["background"],null,["result"],null]}
{"citationid":3124817132,"citingcorpusid":225074052,"citedcorpusid":54709712,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…trust, and loyalty (e.g., Cheung & Lee, 2008; Cyr, 2008; Chang & Chen, 2008; Faisal et al., 2017), as well as the behavioural intentions to use a website, recommend it, or purchase from it (e.g., Hausman & Siepke, 2009; Ganguly et al., 2010; Lee & Kozar, 2012; Wang et al., 2015; Ali, 2016)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1071681900,"citingcorpusid":56160788,"citedcorpusid":14982262,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[Laveau and Faugeras, 1994] use stereo correspondence to compute depth in altering the viewpoint in real scenes."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":32458423,"citingcorpusid":23128257,"citedcorpusid":20846186,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Dystroglycan proteolysis appears to be functionally important and occurs via the autocatalytic SEA (sea urchin, enterokinase, agrin)module that contains the processing site for the precursor (39,40)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1897458119,"citingcorpusid":23625024,"citedcorpusid":356363,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["several vital organs, including the kidney and liver, has been directly implicated in the establishment of systemic inflammatory conditions that can cause encephalopathic symptoms, along with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), the effect of intestinal I/RYinduced systemic inflammation upon the central nervous system (CNS) is yet to be identified (12, 13)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3947933857,"citingcorpusid":245881250,"citedcorpusid":211079059,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["38% [17], [25], [27] respectively due to the versatility and easy coupling to the developed mechanisms.","In terms of materials, some exoskeletons use carbon fiber for their rigidity, unlike aluminum, or PET as opposed to PLA which has greater durability [26]-[27]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2347539715,"citingcorpusid":2510460,"citedcorpusid":144045157,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…the dominance of family priorities in governing behavior, and the role of family in shaping what has been described as a distributed, sociocentric understanding of selfhood (Dick 2009; Marsiglia et al. 2009; Romero et al. 2004; Sabogal et al. 1987; Valenzuela and Dombusch 1994; Zayas et al. 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2347540318,"citingcorpusid":2510460,"citedcorpusid":68973237,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As numerous scholars have shown, health is also intimately tied to such worldviews (Crawford 1994; Lupton 1995; Rose 2004; Young 1982)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2069096288,"citingcorpusid":20089591,"citedcorpusid":5233857,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Mouse anti-Wg (4D4, Developmental Hybridoma Bank); mouse antiNubbin (Ng et al., 1995); rat anti-Hth (Wu and Cohen, 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3702510938,"citingcorpusid":247582098,"citedcorpusid":11376906,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In fact, the fat contained in LFCM has been shown to increase circulating fatty acid levels, thus acting as glycogen sparing fuel during exercise [20,22,47]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":6672654,"citingcorpusid":13975739,"citedcorpusid":5233857,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In leg discs tsh patterns proximal segments (Bessa et al., 2009; Culi et al., 2006; Erkner et al., 1999; Wu and Cohen, 1999; Wu and Cohen, 2000) and dynamic transcriptional regulation of tsh in wing discs permits both blade specification (through its down regulation) and actively promotes proper morphogenesis of the proximal hinge and notum through continued expression in these domains (Azpiazu and Morata, 18 Research Article","…tissues; however, none of these described functions can be characterized as homeotic (Bessa and Casares, 2005; Bessa et al., 2009; Datta et al., 2009; Erkner et al., 1999; Laugier et al., 2005; Pan and Rubin, 1998; Singh et al., 2002; Singh et al., 2004; Wu and Cohen, 1999; Wu and Cohen, 2002).","In leg discs tsh patterns proximal segments (Bessa et al., 2009; Culi et al., 2006; Erkner et al., 1999; Wu and Cohen, 1999; Wu and Cohen, 2000) and dynamic transcriptional regulation of tsh in wing discs permits both blade specification (through its down regulation) and actively promotes proper…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1194356946,"citingcorpusid":93945464,"citedcorpusid":95756850,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that further papers have been devoted to unsteady flow regimes [43, 44], others have been focused on multi-layer or non-conventional spacers [29, 45-49] and others yet have addressed the CFD modelling of pressure driven membrane processes [50-52] or of membrane distillation [53, 54]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1670046173,"citingcorpusid":109743625,"citedcorpusid":153509584,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Furthermore, PUB is widely considered to effectively include the private sector when appropriate and foster public acceptance and political will through its success (Tortajada 2006).","01 per 1,000 liters, but further terms are uncertain (Tortajada 2006).","30 per 1,000 liters, which is less than half the cost of desalination (Tortajada 2006).","36 billion liters of water per day (Tortajada 2006), is projected to continue to grow, reaching a population of 6.","Reuse of highly treated wastewater has been explored as an alternative water source in Singapore since 1972, with the first operational treatment plant built in 2000 (Tortajada 2006).","The percentage of NEWater designated for indirect potable use is expected to rise, but will still remain much lower than industrial usages (Tortajada 2006).","Most recently, Singapore has invested significant financial and political resources into careful water resource management, as well as the development of its third and fourth National Taps, desalination of seawater and reuse of wastewater, with the ultimate goal of national water independence (Tortajada 2006).","pricing structures, regulatory frameworks, and enforcement mechanisms (Tortajada 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":210373350,"citingcorpusid":19703991,"citedcorpusid":110199449,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A cyclic algorithm [17], [18] using the unknown parameters as the search directions, is applied to maximize the objective function successively along each coordinate."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1020447946,"citingcorpusid":34609744,"citedcorpusid":85612081,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Ž .are attained e.g., P. monoceros George, 1974 , P. monodon Marte, 1980 , P. Ž .","Gonzalez-Gurriaran, 1995 , including several commercially important Penaeus spp. ŽGeorge, 1974; Marte, 1980; Gleason and Wellington, 1988; Stoner and Zimmerman, .1988 ."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1526242121,"citingcorpusid":17198095,"citedcorpusid":84912782,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Territoriality will also be determined by population density, as territorial defence of resources and/or mates becomes less economical with higher numbers of competitors (Warner and Hoffman 1980; Wolff 1985).","Because only a certain number of animal territories fit into a given area, higher densities may result in larger home range overlap when territoriality decreases (Warner and Hoffman 1980; Dobson 1984; Wolff 1985)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2218471972,"citingcorpusid":220332872,"citedcorpusid":4434113,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Barczyńska et al. 2015; Depeint et al. 2008; Mandalari et al., 2008; Śliżewska, 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2218471238,"citingcorpusid":220332872,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This bioprocess is marked by a degradation of some storage molecules (proteins, starch...) under enzymatic activities (Mak et al., 2009) and synthesis of bioactive molecules (Carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins...) (Jribi et al., 2019a; Plaza et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":364743294,"citingcorpusid":18009040,"citedcorpusid":25498649,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Previous studies examining the molecular mechanisms of DN focused primarily on glomerular mesangium alterations, whereas podocyte injury was considered a late result due to increasing proteinuria (Mauer et al. 1984; Osterby et al. 1993)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1680461788,"citingcorpusid":144332617,"citedcorpusid":144176000,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Chao et al. (1994) developed a 34-item content area questionnaire over six domains.","Klein and Weaver (Measurement) Klein and Weaver built on the Chao et al. (1994) Same as above.","Klein and Weaver (Measurement) Klein and Weaver built on the Chao et al. (1994) Same as above. (2000) study by applying parts of the measurement tool to an orientation-training program.","Finally, a group of researchers sought to define the construct of socialization through a measurement tool developed for their study (Chao et al., 1994)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":901745381,"citingcorpusid":5291314,"citedcorpusid":17953621,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, individual proteins exhibit considerable changes in their abundance in dystrophin-deficient muscles, including certain glycolytic enzymes, mitochondrial enzymes, cytosolic calcium-binding proteins, calciumregulatory proteins of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and many molecular chaperones [32,33]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3651906206,"citingcorpusid":213420585,"citedcorpusid":150830138,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["countries’ possible fears of German expansionism (Behnke 2012; von Bredow 2011).","The post-unification reluctance of the political elite to send soldiers abroad reflects a desire to ward off other European countries’ possible fears of German expansionism (Behnke 2012; von Bredow 2011).","Commentators stress that although World War II and the Holocaust remain central in public memory, agreement is diminishing regarding what the perpetrator legacy should mean in terms of German politics and strategic thinking (Hilpert 2014; Kaiser 2008; cf Behnke 2012; Zehfuss 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1558891962,"citingcorpusid":199664083,"citedcorpusid":28270800,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These groups are not fixed or static but change and evolve over time whilst maintaining a coherent sense of identity (Kauffman 1989, 1993; Abel et al. 2006; Walker and Salt 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":125860747,"citingcorpusid":34367000,"citedcorpusid":1216917,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The independence of these sub-scales has been questioned (Springer and Hauser, 2006), however five recent factor analysis studies have supported the six factor structure of the Scales of Psychological Wellbeing (Ryff and Singer, 2006)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":432974204,"citingcorpusid":11599056,"citedcorpusid":153260021,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Connective memory assemblages are accumulated, then dissolve only to reconfigure through sociotechnical flux beyond both human purposeful intention and deliberate acts of representation (Hoskins, 2009, 2011a, 2011b, 2011c, 2014).","…cultures, return and bring something back that never left completely (the media schemata or templates that surround us in news and popular culture; Hoskins, 2009) seem to have been given a sibling in those ghostly memory “ surrogates ” whose action ratio and propensities constitute a new…","In this context, compulsions of networked individualism and hyper-connectivity (Hoskins, 2014; Lagerkvist, 2013b) coexist with technological obsolescence."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2238062580,"citingcorpusid":134655158,"citedcorpusid":54588062,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although application of Richards’ equation is more typical for silts, clays, and sands [Richards, 1931], it has been successfully applied at regional scales [Botros et al., 2009; Downer and Ogden, 2004] and found valid for some coarser sediments of poorly sorted sands and gravels [El-Kadi, 2005]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1681379855,"citingcorpusid":206986978,"citedcorpusid":31701308,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Core regions of this putative hMNS are believed to constitute a fronto-parietal circuitry, which comprises the posterior inferior f rontal gyrus (IFG, with the pars opercularis (Brodmann area 44) as a homologue of monkey area F5 ), and the rostral inferior parietal lobule (IPL, as a homologue of monkey area PF / PFG ), supplemented by higher-order visual processing of observed actions in the superior temp oral sulcus (STS) (Cattaneo & Rizzolatti, 2009; Glenberg, 2011; Iacoboni, 2005; Molenberghs e t al., 2009)."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":1897118436,"citingcorpusid":100630031,"citedcorpusid":97931879,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["All rights reserved.\ninfluenced by the presence and concentrations of sulfate and oxidizable substrates (Moosa et al., 2002; Wu et al., 2013).","Microbial dissimilatory sulfate reduction is an important transformation that occurs under anoxic conditions (Muyzer and Stams, 2008; Wu et al., 2013).","In this case, sulfate reduction is coupled with the oxidation of a substrate such as organic acids, sugars, and ammonium, yielding energy for the growth of SRB (Moosa et al., 2002; Wu et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4055988591,"citingcorpusid":256322104,"citedcorpusid":253250694,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Under the assumption that the process noise is relatively small, we can approximate JD(xq,k |Zq,1:k−1) as [39]"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":789738938,"citingcorpusid":25910231,"citedcorpusid":39430009,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To define the reliability of our experimental conditions, previous studies indicated that in the range 50–200 lg NP l (1), the effective NP concentration is on average 93% of the nominal value (Lietti et al., 2007).","To define the reliability of our experimental conditions, previous studies indicated that in the range 50–200 lg NP l 1, the effective NP concentration is on average 93% of the nominal value (Lietti et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":354319485,"citingcorpusid":17613517,"citedcorpusid":15768720,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["n)), Equations 1 adopt the form published by Lucius et al. (2003). To calculate rate constants from the measured time courses, we implemented Equations 1 in a computer routine using Mathematica 6 (Wolfram Research)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4116678477,"citingcorpusid":258716142,"citedcorpusid":15294874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We evaluated the certainty of evidence based on the recommended standards and domains by the GRADE system and a Summary of findings' table was produced [10]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3667440857,"citingcorpusid":246445817,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["High-dimensional evaluation of antibody levels following a Bp infection at older age compared to younger age indicates that antibody specificity, isotype and subclass of antibodies are all impacted by age and primary vaccination background (van Twillert et al., 2017)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1906932218,"citingcorpusid":143821442,"citedcorpusid":147666692,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This is why ‘the military man accepts war in the abstract but opposes its specific manifestations’ (Huntington 1957: 91).","Even in the case of the historically framed ‘professional soldier’ we find a hint of his trans-historical urge: ‘The military ethic consequently is a constant standard by which is possible to judge the professionalism of any officer corps anywhere anytime’ (Huntington 1957: 62).","However, whereas the former is found in a huge variety of historical and\ncontemporary sources, the authoritative use of the latter was established by Huntington (1957), Morris Janowitz (1960) and, to some extent, Sir John Hackett (1983).","Introduction\nThe concepts of ‘warrior’ and ‘professional soldier’ both play a central role in traditional as well as contemporary debates on military culture and the role of the soldier/warrior (see e.g. Huntington 1957; Janowitz 1960; Hackett 1983; Watson 1999; Samet 2005; Sherman","(Huntington 1957: 231)\nMoreover, Sherman incarnated ‘[t]he essential components of the military ethic hatred of war and avoidance of politics’ (Huntington 1957: 232).","Divergence: History and Specificity\nBoth ‘warrior’ and ‘professional soldier’ describe an incumbent who fights on behalf of someone or something, with the use of violence or direct or indirect threat of violence (Huntington 1957; Janowitz 1960; Hackett 1962; Caforio 2006).","Samuel Huntington’s canonical account of the military profession and the professional soldier, for example, contains only six references to the term ‘warrior’ (Huntington 1957).","Furthermore, the professional officer’s attitude ‘belongs in the dark ages’, a New Republic writer declared, and was seconded by the anti-militarist E. Crosby: ‘Absolute obedience to orders, involves, of course, the abdication of conscience and reason’ (quoted in Huntington 1957: 292).","So is the uniqueness and separateness of the military profession (see e.g. Huntington 1957: 466, Dandeker 2000: 60; Haaland 2008: 7).","The military profession, however, is a recent creation of modern society’, Huntington reminds us, dating the establishment of the professional officer to the dawn of the nineteenth century (Huntington 1957: 19).","Furthermore, the code and corporate spirit that guide and constrain the professional\nsoldier necessarily cover the relationship between the military profession on the one hand and the political and civil society of a nation state on the other (Huntington 1957: 7).","No utilitarian justification existed for the maintenance of exclusively military institutions (. . .) Military standards of honour, obedience, and loyalty were adjudged either hypocritical or positively dangerous (Huntington 1957: 291 2)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3667440769,"citingcorpusid":246445817,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…year old individuals, influenza-specific T-cell responses were shown to become less diverse and less cross-reactive with age (Subbramanian et al., 2010), a trend which extended into shorter-lived booster T-cell responses in a cohort of older adults (≥70 years old) vaccinees (Mahnke et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2966595464,"citingcorpusid":59292839,"citedcorpusid":25908416,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is the most common type (95%) and it may predispose to gastroesophageal reflux.(2,3)  Type  II,  para‐oesophageal  hernia,  is  a  defect  of  the diaphragm with  herniation  of  the  gastric  fundus  through  the  hiatus  into  the  thorax.","Hiatal  herniation  is  a  common  disorder  of  the digestive  tract, which  is  defined  by  a protrusion of the stomach into the thoracic cavity through a widening of the right crus of  the diaphragm.(3)  Anatomically,  hiatal  hernias  can  be  divided  into  four  categories.","He even used a piece of fascia lata from the left leg to strengthen the sutures, which may be  seen  as  the predecessor of  the  later use of pledges or mesh reinforcement.(3)  It was  in  the  same  timeframe  that Philip Allison and Norman Barrett described the relation between the changed anatomy that comes with a hiatal hernia and functional complaints."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2876265887,"citingcorpusid":11262387,"citedcorpusid":40271982,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Pharmacologic therapy of CHF from other causes has improved remarkably over the past decade with an increased understanding of the pathophysiologic consequences of neurohormonal activation and the development of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.(16,27) However, early cardiac dysfunction in thalassemia is most accurately characterized as secondary to diastolic abnormalities, and there is no universally accepted treatment for diastolic dysfunction and very few studies."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2442034122,"citingcorpusid":45518146,"citedcorpusid":6464631,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The two proteins, periostin and MFG-E8, found to be quantifiable in these archival samples have been implicated in cardiovascular disease [10, 13].","3, the MRM assay for periostin, a smooth muscle cell protein previously identified in aorta [10], was able to quantify this protein in FFPE samples regardless of storage time.","FFPE aorta, is particularly difficult to homogenize because of its significant connective tissue content making it a challenge to prepare extracts suitable for proteomic analysis [4, 10].","Another protein, MFG-E8, a low abundant aortic protein [10], was also detected in, unfixed, FF (3 months), and FFPE aorta with MRM (Supporting Information Fig.","1), and also represented those proteins previously identified from fresh rat aorta by Fu et al [10]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3142991121,"citingcorpusid":221892452,"citedcorpusid":196206754,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These ostensibly disordered fcc MPEAs display highly desirable combinations of mechanical properties that are attributable to deformation mechanisms [3, 4] that can be tuned through careful control of alloy parameters such as chemistry [6] and even magnetic structure [7].","Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs), often referred to as high-entropy alloys, have become intensely investigated in recent years as they offer a practically limitless design space that, in the small portion thus far explored, has already yielded several promising materials [1–4]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1622384187,"citingcorpusid":30668100,"citedcorpusid":16126000,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There are a large number of references in this category, including Malyshev [21, 22], Flatto and McKean [11], Fayolle and Iasnogorodski [6], Fayolle, King and Mitrani [7], Cohen and Boxma [5], Flatto and Hahn [12], Flatto [13], Fayolle, Iasnogorodski and Malyshev [8], Wright [26], Abate and Whitt [1], Kurkova and Suhov [16], Bousquet-Melou [4], Morrison [25], Lieshout and Mandjes [20], Miyazawa and Rolski [24], Li and Zhao [17, 18], and Guillemin and Leeuwaarden [14]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3290858422,"citingcorpusid":232259731,"citedcorpusid":142571564,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In keeping with previous studies (e.g., Brux and Fry 2010; Burr 2005; Gore 2005; Salisbury et  al.","In keeping with previous studies (e.g., Brux and Fry 2010; Burr 2005; Gore 2005; Salisbury et  al. 2009, 2010; Walpole 2003), key reference groups include a student’s economic class—proxied by family income, race and gender."],"intents":[["result"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":2664552525,"citingcorpusid":221062319,"citedcorpusid":3556825,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["5million young adults (age 18 to 25) experienced some formof explicit homelessness or couch surfing (staying temporarilywith others) over a 12-month period (Morton et al., 2018).","Prevalence rates in the United States, based on self-reports, suggest that nearly 3.5million young adults (age 18 to 25) experienced some formof explicit homelessness or couch surfing (staying temporarilywith others) over a 12-month period (Morton et al., 2018)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2337626170,"citingcorpusid":119090455,"citedcorpusid":9799705,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Sanz-Forcada et al. (2003b) deduced a coronal scale height of less than the stellar radius based on electron densities estimated from XMM-Newton spectra, similar to density and optical depth constraints on scale height for other active stars (Sanz-Forcada et al. 2003a; Ness et al. 2004; Testa et…","…(2003b) deduced a coronal scale height of less than the stellar radius based on electron densities estimated from XMM-Newton spectra, similar to density and optical depth constraints on scale height for other active stars (Sanz-Forcada et al. 2003a; Ness et al. 2004; Testa et al. 2004a,b, 2007)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3801488009,"citingcorpusid":201715732,"citedcorpusid":34667518,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, the contribution\nfrom evanescent modes can differ substantially depending on the probe-tube geometry, and the geometrical mismatch between probe-tube and waveguide geometry (Keefe and Benade, 1981; Fletcher et al., 2005; Siegel et al., 2018)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":367892951,"citingcorpusid":33682785,"citedcorpusid":42759577,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This method was also used in similar studies (Ojogho, 2010; Adenegan and Adewusi, 2007)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3874778247,"citingcorpusid":251665970,"citedcorpusid":61666940,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["On the contrary, less proficient EFL learners use translation more often to reduce anxiety in the process of learning EFL (Al-Musawi, 2014).","29) emphasizes that “using mother tongue we have (1) learnt to think, (2) learnt to communicate, and (3) acquired an intuitive understanding of grammar."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3825038280,"citingcorpusid":225908931,"citedcorpusid":3441472,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…process and the observation noises can be estimated [13-14 , 29-30 Taken the standard nonlinear system model into account, the system model is [31-32]: where ( ) k x From estimation theory, we know that the system model and the noise characteristic should be exactly known in the EKF…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1795628312,"citingcorpusid":211142121,"citedcorpusid":54656709,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["All decisions with regards to the organization were made by the top management [53].","Further, when respondents were asked about who made the decision on the applications to be used in their departments, one of the users asserted, “We make our own decision” [53] (Accounts Executive, Female, 60 years old, Company A, Manufacturing Industry).","A standardized open-ended interview method was utilized because it does not predetermine the answers and allows room for the participants to respond in their own terms [53].","To illustrate, the owner of Company A stated that he studied the proposed technology including a site visit to the supplier’s office [53].","While Company A top management only sought advice from employees to prepare the working paper [53], Company C’s directors sought the opinions of the expert users such as the supervisor, the account executive, the company’s auditor and users from other companies when it comes to issues related to acquiring new IS.","To some extent, the users also acted as a decision maker [53]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3244747636,"citingcorpusid":212849459,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…acid structure phosphorus is important in cell division and development of new tissue, also phosphorus play a vital role in plant energy reactions, photo synthesis, respiration, genetic transfer, seed and fruit production, and nutrient transfer in plants (Raghothama and karthikeyan, 2005) [17]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3297219575,"citingcorpusid":203720388,"citedcorpusid":4497710,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Dietary intake of Mg reduced arterial calcification and stiffening and improves arterial flowmediated dilation and decreases carotid IMT (50, 52).","Recently, it was shown that in children and adolescents, the risk of increased carotid IMT was decreased by 59% by the intake of nuts (45).","In the Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study, regular intake of DF has been associated with reduced progression of atherosclerosis as measured by arterial intima-media thickness (IMT) (40)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1098177492,"citingcorpusid":138311556,"citedcorpusid":93992167,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A good correlation and reproducibility between ENM results and results from other electrochemical testing techniques such as linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been observed.[48-50]","OFCS has been used to monitor the corrosion behavior of various metals and alloys such as steel[39], aluminum[45, 46], aluminum alloys[47], copper[48] and nickel.",",[48] also has demonstrated the utility of sensors in the ENM measurements in coated substrates.","OFCS can also detect humidity in structures and discriminate different metallic corrosion rate.[40, 48, 50]"],"intents":[["result"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1098177293,"citingcorpusid":138311556,"citedcorpusid":95493913,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The increase in temperature is intended to reduce the barrier property of the coating film by facilitating increased rate of electrolyte diffusion into the film and expediting coating failure due to physical and chemical ageing resulting from thermal fatigue effect and di-electric variation due to more open polymer structure.[6, 7] With every cycle the damage that accumulates in the film increases, thus, enhancing film deterioration.",", also have verified the use of a thermal ageing method in quickly ranking the behavior of the coated system and obtaining precise information concerning their barrier and adhesion behavior.[6] Moreover it has also been observed that the irreversible changes induced by thermal conditions have similar degradation mechanisms as compared to natural atmospheric conditions.","[4, 5] Many other catastrophic corrosion incidents have also been reported.[6]"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1819172050,"citingcorpusid":73467853,"citedcorpusid":40972843,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In this regard, optimization and control of the drug agent is important in terms of timing, targeting, dose and maintenance of the therapeutic properties (9, 11, 23).","During the past few years, study of microRNAs in human cancers has revealed that many of them act as tumor suppressors (11, 12)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3959648405,"citingcorpusid":252922536,"citedcorpusid":153639383,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The other proxies are used to control the model and are based on Iatridis (2013), Lys et al. (2015), Nelling and Webb (2009), Orlitzky, Schmidt, and Rynes (2003), Qiu et al. (2016), Shahzad et al. (2016) and Zhang et al. (2018), which are aligned with this study’s objective.","Other studies (Lys et al., 2015; Nelling & Webb, 2009; Qiu, Shaukat & Tharyan, 2016) argue that environmental expenditure indicates a forecast of solid future economic and financial performance."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":915759035,"citingcorpusid":2190746,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Silage yields, properties and suitability for digestion Silage yields in Ireland are approximately 20% higher than those in other areas of western Europe [40] and are typically between 11 tDS/ha and 15 tDS/ha; yields are generally higher in the southwest of the country and decrease towards the northeast [7,41,42]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2481322395,"citingcorpusid":128757116,"citedcorpusid":127411401,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["On the basis of TT-OSL ages for HJL-1 and HJL-2, the paleosol unit in the Hejialiang section corresponds to the S1 paleosol in Chinese Loess Plateau, and the age of artifact layer is 86.3 6.4 ka.","The results suggest that buried culture layer at the Hejialiang locality is correlated with the last interglacial paleosol S1 in Chinese Loess Plateau, it is dated at 86.3 6.4 ka.","Therefore, it is possible to obtain age controls for the Yaochangwan loess sequence by consulting both the typical loess time series in the central Chinese Loess Plateau (Liu, 1985; Kukla et al., 1988; Lu et al., 1999, 2004) and the ice-volume time series of the North Hemisphere (Bassinot et al., 1994).","…it is possible to obtain age controls for the Yaochangwan loess sequence by consulting both the typical loess time series in the central Chinese Loess Plateau (Liu, 1985; Kukla et al., 1988; Lu et al., 1999, 2004) and the ice-volume time series of the North Hemisphere (Bassinot et al., 1994).","The TT-OSL ages of HJL-1 (74.6 5.0 ka) and HJL-2 (86.3 6.4 ka) confirmed that the paleosol unit was deposited in the last interglacial period and can be correlated with S1 in Chinese Loess Plateau (Fig.","(Liu, 1985; Ding et al., 1992).","There is a large difference in loess thickness between the Hanzhong Basin and the central Loess Plateau where the thickness can reach more than 100 m (Liu, 1985; Kukla and An, 1989; Lu et al., 1999, 2004)."],"intents":[null,null,null,["methodology"],null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1944695123,"citingcorpusid":128757116,"citedcorpusid":98297678,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["But a number of problems were reported with the use of this sequence, and several modifications to the SAR TT-OSL protocol were proposed (Tsukamoto et al., 2008; Porat et al., 2009; Stevens et al., 2009; Adamiec et al., 2010).","In this study, we use thermally transferred optically stimulated luminescence (TT-OSL) dating method, which has shown promise for dating middle Pleistocene aeolian deposits (Wang et al., 2006a, 2006b, 2007; Stevens et al., 2009; Sun et al., 2010).","Stevens et al. (2009) showed a protocol (Table 1) applicable to a variety of coarse and fine-grained samples in Chinese loess.","2 kGy could be recovered (Stevens et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":1100690313,"citingcorpusid":142585599,"citedcorpusid":154878473,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…these issues (Boswell 2003a, 2003b, 2007, 2008; Ellermann 2008; Freeman 1998; Joppke 1998, 2001; Geddes 2000, 2001; Guiraudon 2000, 2001, 2003; Lavenex 1998, 1999, 2001a, 2001b, 2004, 2006; Occhipinti 2003; Stetter 2000, 2007; Thielemann 2001a, 2001b, 2004, 2005, 2006; Thielemann and Dewan 2006).","…in Europe (Boswell 2003a, 2003b, 2007, 2008; Ellermann 2008; Freeman 1998; Geddes 2000, 2001; Guiraudon 2000, 2001, 2003; Joppke 1998, 2001; Lavenex 1998, 1999, 2001a, 2001b, 2004, 2006; Occhipinti 2003; Stetter 2000, 2007; Thielemann 2001a, 2001b, 2004, 2005, 2006; Thielemann and Dewan 2006)."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":1100689606,"citingcorpusid":142585599,"citedcorpusid":53508433,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…these issues (Boswell 2003a, 2003b, 2007, 2008; Ellermann 2008; Freeman 1998; Joppke 1998, 2001; Geddes 2000, 2001; Guiraudon 2000, 2001, 2003; Lavenex 1998, 1999, 2001a, 2001b, 2004, 2006; Occhipinti 2003; Stetter 2000, 2007; Thielemann 2001a, 2001b, 2004, 2005, 2006; Thielemann and Dewan 2006).","…in Europe (Boswell 2003a, 2003b, 2007, 2008; Ellermann 2008; Freeman 1998; Geddes 2000, 2001; Guiraudon 2000, 2001, 2003; Joppke 1998, 2001; Lavenex 1998, 1999, 2001a, 2001b, 2004, 2006; Occhipinti 2003; Stetter 2000, 2007; Thielemann 2001a, 2001b, 2004, 2005, 2006; Thielemann and Dewan 2006)."],"intents":[null,null]}
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{"citationid":3611119941,"citingcorpusid":239494797,"citedcorpusid":11068291,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Finally, the replication and spread of OVs in vivo are likely affected by intrinsic intracellular factors and extrinsic antiviral immune mechanisms.(10) Comprehensive and detailed knowledge of the status and extent of OV infection within tumor tissues during virotherapy is fundamentally important to interpreting the therapeutic outcome and to designing more effective ways of applying this therapy in the clinic."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":282019839,"citingcorpusid":28515811,"citedcorpusid":5210508,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We applied our technique on a set of published biomedical papers and compared the results to those of a simpler version of the algorithm that does not take relationships into account and to KEA, a well-known key phrase extraction software (Witten et al., 1999).","For instance, based on a large test corpus, KEA’s performance was assessed by comparing the extracted key phrases to the ones chosen by the documents’ authors, when a fixed number of keywords are extracted (Witten et al., 1999)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":308867391,"citingcorpusid":52180852,"citedcorpusid":10485293,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(Auer 2002)(Hanawal et al. 2015) discuss the case where only the cumulative reward of the combination can be observed in a single round."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3396986456,"citingcorpusid":236459644,"citedcorpusid":20986928,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…RNA helicase GLE1 Tamura et al., 2010\nHOS1 AT2G39810 Interaction with RAE1 and NUP85; (hos1: nuclear mRNA accumulation) Tamura et al., 2010; MacGregor et al., 2013; Zhu et al., 2017\nCPR5 AT5G64930 (cpr5: nuclear accumulation of mRNAs encoding ethylene signaling factors) Chen et al.,…","…members such as NUP160 and NUP96, whereas mutants of other complex members like NUP85 or SEH1 do not flower early but also accumulate mRNA inside nuclei (Figure 3 and Table 3; Dong et al., 2006b; Parry et al., 2006; Wiermer et al., 2012; MacGregor et al., 2013; Parry, 2014; Du et al., 2016)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":348551301,"citingcorpusid":11740801,"citedcorpusid":15315630,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Other smart homes [4, 7, 38] track household objects and residents' biosignals to provide context-aware feedback to residents."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":881350049,"citingcorpusid":2369304,"citedcorpusid":144249171,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In the Connecticut Longitudinal Study (CLS) sample survey in which each participant was individually assessed, 17.5% of students were reading below age or ability levels (Shaywitz et al., 1994)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":154436216,"citingcorpusid":15668904,"citedcorpusid":14633344,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Selection techniques such as flashlight (Liang and Green [9]) or aperture (Forsberg, Herndon, and Zeleznik [10]) lower required pointing precision by replacing the virtual ray with a conic selection volume."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":243976397,"citingcorpusid":1314274,"citedcorpusid":14617155,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The values of entries in relations often satisfy certain constraints such as functional [5,9] and multivalued [S, 14,15,27] dependencies."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":433330691,"citingcorpusid":4447968,"citedcorpusid":33203648,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Intravenous administration of an adenovirus expressing FSTL1 leads to a reduction in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A, IL-6, and IFN-γ) and prolonging survival of transplanted patients [93].","Ad-mFstl1 increased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and 6 (IL-6), resulting in the induction of synovitis (inflammation of the synovial membrane) with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the synovium and surrounding tissue.","Pro‑inflammatory effect\nIn a mouse model for bacterially induced septic shock, endotoxin (LPS) administration in the rear footpads induces the expression of both Fstl1 and IL-1β.","Anti‑inflammatory effect\nObserving lowered expression levels of Fstl1 using a hypomorphic mouse model revealed no effect on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, in kidney [91].","However, in renal injury mouse models, circulating Fstl1 appeared to regulate the immune response: in a cisplatin nephrotoxicity model Fstl1 inhibits the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, like IL-1β [91], and in a subtotal nephrectomy model Fstl1 decreases TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1) expression [92].","This was evidenced by an increase in the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 and in the infiltration of monocytes and macrophages [50].","Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that IL-1β induces Fstl1 expression through NF-κB [82], suggesting a positive feedback between the\ninflammatory response and Fstl1 expression.","In cultured adipocytes, macrophages, and nucleus pulposus cells, the pro-inflammatory effect of FSTL1 is mediated via the signaling cascade IKKβ, IκBα, NF-κB, JNK, and ERK1/2 resulting in the induction of expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP (monocyte chemotactic protein)-1, COX (cyclooxygenase)-2, MMP13, and iNOS (inducible nitric-oxide synthase) [22, 77, 87, 90].","In control mice and in transgenic mice, where Fstl1 was removed by tamoxifen administration, IL-1β remained low or undetectable [89].","Observing lowered expression levels of Fstl1 using a hypomorphic mouse model revealed no effect on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, in kidney [91]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3288161794,"citingcorpusid":225377978,"citedcorpusid":171195612,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(through the process of production) but also constitutes a more structural form of violence against women (in its construction of women’s subordinate status) (Langton, 2008; Tyler, 2015).","…been one of the core feminist critiques of pornography, that it does not solely cause3 violence against women (through the process of production) but also constitutes a more structural form of violence against women (in its construction of women’s subordinate status) (Langton, 2008; Tyler, 2015)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3462373605,"citingcorpusid":225377978,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Violence against women and sexual violence is more commonly found in scholarship on advertising (Capella et al., 2014; Goffman, 1979; Gurrieri et al., 2016; Jhally, 2009; Schroeder & Borgerson, 1998; Stern, 1991).","women and sexual violence is more commonly found in scholarship on advertising (Capella et al., 2014; Goffman, 1979; Gurrieri et al., 2016; Jhally, 2009; Schroeder & Borgerson, 1998; Stern, 1991)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":68295932,"citingcorpusid":29641074,"citedcorpusid":18669150,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["NORUZI [2005] studied the citation counts reported by WOS and Google Scholar on a set of webometrics papers: in most cases GS had higher citation counts than WOS."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3845178736,"citingcorpusid":28715940,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["MICs for combination peptides of NLS and NES\nSequence Composition Derivationa MIC ( g/ml)b\nE. coli IFO12713 S. aureus IFO12732\nPKKKRKV NLS1 SV40 large T antigen 55 55 RIRKKLR NLS2 p54 61 61 PRRRK NLS3 SOX9 356 178 PPRKKRTVV NLS4 NS5A 270 135\nLPPLERLTL NES5 HIV-1 Rev 526 526 LALKLAGLDI NES6 PKI NES 513 513","a HIV-1 Rev, HIV type 1 Rev (3); PKI, protein kinase inhibitor (3); SV40 large T antigen, p54, SOX9, and NS5A (4).","We performed experiments to find an antimicrobial function for nuclear localization signals (NLS) and nuclear export signals (NES), which are nuclear translocation signals required for shuttling cellular proteins between the nucleus and the cytoplasm (3, 4, 7).","The antimicrobial activity for four types of NLS simple sequence (simian virus 40 [SV40] large T antigen, p54, SOX9, and NS5A) was present but weak.","a HIV-1 Rev, HIV type 1 Rev (3); PKI, protein kinase inhibitor (3); SV40 large T antigen, p54, SOX9, and NS5A (4). b MICs were determined using the microdilution method."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":836164610,"citingcorpusid":20457877,"citedcorpusid":27523673,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[7, 8] CRS and HIPEC is under trial for primary ovarian cancer and has shown to be effective in providing long term survival in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer, even those with platinum resistant disease."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3318252444,"citingcorpusid":233465528,"citedcorpusid":7067724,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Hidden attractors exist in chaotic systems with no equilibrium points [8]–[10], with only stable equilibrium points [11], [12], with curves of equilibrium points [13]–[15], with surfaces of equilibrium points [16], etc."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":339189204,"citingcorpusid":51801198,"citedcorpusid":26488854,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Surface structure also incorporates the identification of people, channels, and settings that are most appropriate for delivering messages and programs.(14)","behavior in a population.(14) The understanding of the core values and ‘‘insider worldview’’ of the target group facilitate the adaptation of meaning and context into the materials, messages, and delivery system, rather than a superficial, disingenuous approach.","Culturally sensitive interventions are defined as those that integrate the ethnic/cultural characteristics, norms, values, beliefs, and behavioral patterns, as well as the contextual historical and socioenvironmental forces of a target population, into the design, delivery, and evaluation of the intervention.(10,14) Resnicow et al(14) conceptualize two dimensions for the application of cultural sensitivity in health promotion interventions: surface structure and deep structure.","The understanding of the core values and ‘‘insider worldview’’ of the target group facilitate the adaptation of meaning and context into the materials, messages, and delivery system, rather than a superficial, disingenuous approach.(14)","By matching materials and messages, and delivering these messages based on the preferences of the targeted population (ie, surface structure), the community’s interest and acceptance of the intervention was enhanced and increased the overall feasibility of the study.(14) The integration of the preferred deep structure dimensions, kinships, collectivism, storytelling, and spirituality reflected the core social, psychological, and environmental influences of the community."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4070650067,"citingcorpusid":20394300,"citedcorpusid":25281569,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Neben der Perfusion, dem Lebensalter und dem Stenosegrad der betroffenen Koronargefäße spielen die linksventrikuläre Ejektionsfraktion und die linksventrikulären Volumina bei Patienten mit KHK eine wesentliche Rolle im Hinblick auf Behandlung und Prognose sowie Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit (13, 23, 24, 33, 35, 38).","Neben der Perfusion erlauben die Ejektionsfraktion und die Herzvolumina wichtige Rückschlüsse auf die Prognose und die Verbesserung der Herzfunktion nach aortokoronarer-Venenbypass (ACVB)-Operation (13, 23, 24, 33, 35, 38)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3160754999,"citingcorpusid":4430031,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The participants with ASD were diagnosed based on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-General (ADOS-G) [Lord et al., 2012], Diagnostic Statistical Manual-IV-TR [APA, 2000], Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised [Lord, Rutter, & LeCouteur, 1994], and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) criteria.","Typically developing participants were evaluated based on IQ testing, standardized psychiatric assessment, ADOS-G testing, neuropsychological assessment, and past history to ensure typical development.","The participants with ASD were diagnosed based on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-General (ADOS-G) [Lord et al., 2012], Diagnostic Statistical Manual-IV-TR [APA, 2000], Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised [Lord, Rutter, & LeCouteur, 1994], and International Statistical Classification of…"],"intents":[["methodology"],null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3960695433,"citingcorpusid":252613609,"citedcorpusid":5035670,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These included badnaviruses close to GBV1 [15] and a number of virus species from more distant groups [9].","8% identical to the full-length genome of GBV1 [15] (query coverage 94–100%).","primers for the GBV1 detection [15] did not recognize the fig isolates of the virus (data not shown), the fGBV1-F1/R1 primers were designed for the specific fGBV1 detection.","This virus was shown to be a divergent variant of grapevine badnavirus 1 (GBV1, MF781082), recently discovered on grapevine in Croatia [15], and widespread in the collection, including trees with no obvious FMD symptoms."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":41580819,"citingcorpusid":7838543,"citedcorpusid":84704954,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that PTL inhibited the proliferation of Sarcoma 180 in a time- and dose-dependent manner through inhibiting the transition of G1/S and subsequently inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest.","Furthermore, lectin-mediated drugs have been acquired to target specific cells and some lectins with anti-proliferative properties were isolated and characterized from different parts of the plant like seeds (Lin and Ng 2008), leaves (Park et al. 1997) and roots (Yan et al. 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3153193086,"citingcorpusid":226323627,"citedcorpusid":7067724,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["On the other hand, hot research on chaotic systems mainly focuses on chaos control [17–20], Lyapunov exponent calculation and analysis [21, 22], and doubling and growth of attractors [23, 24], and chaotic systems with hidden attractors are also hot research topics, because such systems are extremely prone to multistable phenomenon, which is a common phenomenon in nature."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2179480894,"citingcorpusid":134206527,"citedcorpusid":67815277,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Still, others have shown a more subdued and complex response (Ries et al., 2010; Reynaud et al., 2003; Ries et al., 2009; Jury et al., 2009; Cohen et al., 2009; Rodolfo-Metalpa et al., 2010; Holcomb et al., 2010) precluding any simple narrative to how OA will impact coral calcification rates."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1086494221,"citingcorpusid":133825503,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["CSIRO initiated the National Research Flagships to address Australia’s major research challenges and opportunities.","For example, the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia has over 30,000 floodplains and wetlands, which provide a range of ecological benefits (MDBA, 2011; EA, 2001).","implementation of AWRA-R flood inundation module\nDushmanta Dutta, Jin Teng, Jai Vaze, Julien Lerat, Justin Hughes and Shaun Kim\nJune 2013\nPrepared for the Bureau of Meteorology\nA water information R & D alliance between the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO’s Water for a Healthy Country Flagship\nWater for a Healthy Country Flagship Report series ISSN: 1835-095X\nAustralia is founding its future on science and innovation.","WIRADA is a five-year, $50 million partnership that will use CSIRO’s R&D expertise to help the Bureau of Meteorology report on availability, condition and use of Australia's water resources.","Shaikh et al. (2001) classified wetlands of the Lower Darling River in southeastern Australia based on broad commenceto-flow discharges and the inundation effects at different discharge magnitudes.","Saturated infiltration rates for the floodplains connecting different modelling reaches were derived based on the regional soil texture classification map of Australia (Henderson et al., 2001; McKenzie et al., 2000).","The Water for a Healthy Country Flagship aims to provide Australia with solutions for water resource management, creating economic gains of $3 billion per annum by 2030, while protecting or restoring our major water ecosystems.","The Australian Water Resources Assessment (AWRA) system is currently developed jointly by CSIRO and the Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) as part of the Water Information Research and Development Alliance (WIRADA).","AHD Australian Height Datum\nAHGF Australian Hydrological Geospatial Fabric\nAWRA the Australian Water Resources Assessment\nBoM the Bureau of Meteorology\nCSIRO the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation\nDEM Digital Elevation Model DHI Danish Hydraulic Institute\nHDM Hydrodynamic Modelling\nKML Keyhole Markup Language\nLE7 Landsat ETM or Landsat 7 sensor\nLiDAR Light Detection and Ranging\nLT Landsat Thematic Mapper or Landsat 5 sensor\nMDB Murray Darling Basin\nMDBA the Murray Darling Basin Authority\nMODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer\nMSS Multispectral Scanner\nNDWI Normalized Difference Water Index\nNSE Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency\nNWA the National Water Accounts OWL Open Water Likelihood\nRS Remote Sensing\nSILO Spatialised Information for Landholders and Organisations\nSRTM Shuttle Radar Topography Mission\nTM Thematic Mapper\nUSGS the United State Geological Survey\nWIRADA the Water Information Research and Development Alliance\nWRS the Worldwide Reference System\nviii | Development and implementation of AWRA-R Flood Inundation Module","The reaches located within floodplains of MDB are identified based on two main data sources: 1) 1:250K map of the “land subject to inundation” obtained from Australian Hydrological Geospatial Fabric (BoM, 2012 ); and 2) 1:100 year return period maximum flood inundation map derived from MODIS imagery (Chen et al., 2012).","In Australia, several river system models have been used by water managers such as IQQM, REALM and BIGMOD-MSM.","The system will support BoM in the production of the National Water Accounts (NWA) and the Australian Water Resources Assessment (AWRA) reports, which provides an overview of water fluxes and storages at the national scale.","CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship, Australia."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1398421133,"citingcorpusid":133825503,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2003), Koondrook Perricoota (Tuteja, 2007), Edwaard-Wakool floodplain (SKM, 2011), Macquarie valley (MacDonald et al.","Within MDB, several previous studies on modelling river flow and inundation have been undertaken for wetlands on the Lachlan\n10 | Development and implementation of AWRA-R Flood Inundation Module\nValley and Darling River in New South Wales (Shaikh et al. 1998; Shaikh et al. 2001), Murrumbidgee River (Frazier et al., 2003), Koondrook Perricoota (Tuteja, 2007), Edwaard-Wakool floodplain (SKM, 2011), Macquarie valley (MacDonald et al., 2011a), Gwydir Valley (MacDonald et al., 2011b).","…Module\nValley and Darling River in New South Wales (Shaikh et al. 1998; Shaikh et al. 2001), Murrumbidgee River (Frazier et al., 2003), Koondrook Perricoota (Tuteja, 2007), Edwaard-Wakool floodplain (SKM, 2011), Macquarie valley (MacDonald et al., 2011a), Gwydir Valley (MacDonald et al., 2011b)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1161284450,"citingcorpusid":162184376,"citedcorpusid":150557,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A great deal of work has gone into deducing the astrophysical consequences of MOND, and whether MOND is consistent with data [19–29].","[20] Benoit Famaey and James Binney."],"intents":[["result"],null]}
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{"citationid":1718692479,"citingcorpusid":169812633,"citedcorpusid":150557,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Various forms of the interpolating function have been proposed to fit observations in the best way [168, 362].","Despite the fact that a slow transition to the Newtonian regime (like for example the case D 1) seems to be favored by observations at the galactic scale [168, 424, 362], it does not seem to be viable when extrapolated up to the scale of the Solar System.","Such rather slow transition of toward the Newtonian regime is consistent with the recent results of [168] who fitted the rotation curves of the Milky Way and galaxy NGC 3198, and of [362] who fitted 17 early-type disc galaxies, and concluded that the Newtonian regime is rather slowly reached.","For instance, the authors of [168, 362, 424] agreed that D 1 yields a better fit to the data than D 2."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2077051142,"citingcorpusid":4829008,"citedcorpusid":3351332,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In the phase II trial of LEN in HCC [12], proteinuria was the most frequent cause of study drug withdrawal (11%).","Recently, FDA has recently approved LEN as first-line therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) considering the results of non-inferiority (versus sorafenib) phase III trial (REFLECT) [4].","In the phase II trial of LEN in HCC [12], proteinuria was the","%) included in the same study [13] or considering different cancer settings, such as HCC (19.6"],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":3299495511,"citingcorpusid":232404174,"citedcorpusid":4412475,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the dispersive regime, such high coupling opens a wide range of possibilities for the development of promising applications in quantum information processing [1], high precision sensors [2–4], cooling [5], transfer of quantum states to mechanical motion [6, 7] and in the exploration of the foundation of quantum mechanics [8]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1955299393,"citingcorpusid":217357202,"citedcorpusid":55909411,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recent results have shown the possibility of controlling the magnetic anisotropy [7], magnetic domain pattern [6], domain wall motion [8, 9], critical temperatures [10, 11], exchange bias [12], spin polarization [13], magnetic ordering [14] and established 180◦ magnetization switching [15, 16] in magnetic materials without the need of magnetic fields.","Strain mediated ME coupling was also used in another study to reversibly move the magnetic domain walls in an epitaxial Fe film grown on top of a BTO substrate [9]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":924049873,"citingcorpusid":7590566,"citedcorpusid":29860687,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["All participants had normal pain thresholds at the site of stimulus application (Yarnitsky et al., 1995; Schaffner et al., 2008), no history of neurological or psychiatric disease or drug abuse, no history of chronic or acute pain, and were not taking any form of analgesic, antidepressant,…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1578931543,"citingcorpusid":191706095,"citedcorpusid":154546034,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…effects related to results of investments-oriented policy, endowment effects related to drawing a particular economic activity to a specific location, and Marshall’s agglomeration effects outlining benefits of cost-effective labor and tacit knowledge (Mariotti, Piscitello, and Elia 2010, 521) ."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1129855698,"citingcorpusid":148780941,"citedcorpusid":144109100,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…art making\non older adults has been under the theoretical framework of interventions for ‘successful aging’ (Rowe & Kahn, 1997; Baltes & Baltes, 1990; Fisher & Specht, 1999); enhancing health and subjective well-being through creativity and meaning making (Adams, Leibrandt, & Moon, 2011; Cohen,…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1129855828,"citingcorpusid":148780941,"citedcorpusid":2085122,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The facilitator’s role is to help learners connect newfound self-insights with social norms, establishing a sense of solidarity and group support in realizing dilemmas are shared (Friere, 1970; Greene, 1995; Mezirow, 1991; Mezirow, 2003).","As such, the facilitator is a collaborative learner, who demonstrates empathy, models\nself-reflection and encourages the consideration of alternative perspectives (Beatty & Wolf, 1996; Mezirow, 1991; Mezirow, 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":122977097,"citingcorpusid":11408020,"citedcorpusid":5238043,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Finally,\n[\nCaruana and Freitag, 1994\n]\nexamine several\nvariations of hillclimbing to select which attributes a concept learner should use.","[\nCaruana and Freitag, 1994\n]\nRich Caruana and Dayne Fre-\nitag."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":122976886,"citingcorpusid":11408020,"citedcorpusid":46011213,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We ran the rst set of experiments on action sequences generated by Toast [ Agre and Horswill, 1992 ] , a reactive agent that solves goals such as making omelets, cleaning dirty dishes, or setting the table.","References\n[\nAgre and Horswill, 1992\n]\nP. Agre and I. Horswill."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
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{"citationid":24096739,"citingcorpusid":6694349,"citedcorpusid":24289555,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Applications of the FPGA in power electronics are: power factor correction [36], DC/DC converters [37], multilevel converters [28], STATCOM converters [38] and automatic motors control [14], [34]."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":2030540826,"citingcorpusid":210645893,"citedcorpusid":146595629,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["When considering rebellious or seditious action as a form of crime, this attention intersects with the subfield of ‘narrative criminology’ (see Colvin, 2015; Pemberton et al., 2019; Presser, 2009, 2012; Presser and Sandberg, 2017; Sandberg, 2010; Sandberg et al., 2015; see also Maruna, 2001) where this ontological re-footing has allowed for analysts to work beyond viewing narratives as post hoc or justificatory neutralizations (Sykes and Matza, 1957), or as ‘scripts’ that can be used to collate criminal processes into predictable sequences (Agnew, 2006) – a distinction that holds promise for discoveries relating to processes through which narratives serve as constitutive antecedents to criminal activity (Presser, 2012).","…the subfield of ‘narrative criminology’ (see Colvin, 2015; Pemberton et al., 2019; Presser, 2009, 2012; Presser and Sandberg, 2017; Sandberg, 2010; Sandberg et al., 2015; see also Maruna, 2001) where this ontological re-footing has allowed for analysts to work beyond viewing narratives as post…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1542758049,"citingcorpusid":119517991,"citedcorpusid":119527132,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["e intuited that “...Perhaps the success of the Heisenberg method points to a purely algebraic method of description of nature, that is to the elimination of continuous functions from physics.” (1936) [35] and, in the concluding remarks in the last appendix of The Meaning of Relativity, that “...[Quantum phenomena do] not seem to be in accordance with a continuum theory, and must lead to an attempt to "],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1643205226,"citingcorpusid":164614574,"citedcorpusid":129265946,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["On y a trouvé des témoignages de plusieurs ruptures d’endoréisme récentes, certaines s’étant produites ces dernières années, ce qui justifie le démarrage d’une thèse de géographie cette année au département de géographie de l’Université Abdou Moumouni (UAM) de Niamey.","Etat des lieux et proposition de restauration des sols sur le Bassin versant de Tondi Kiboro (Niger)\nLuc Descroix1, Ibrahim Mamadou2, Moussa Malam Abdou1-3, Abba Bachir3,\nIbrahim Bouzou Moussa3, Eric Le Breton2, Kadidiatou Souley Yéro1\n1 IRD-LTHE, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France ; luc.descroix@ird.fr\n2 Laboratoire de Géographie Physique (LGP) / CNRS UMR 8591, 1 Place Aristide Briand 92195 Meudon\n3 Département de Géographie, FLSH, Université Abdou Moumouni Niamey, BP 418, Niger;\nRésumé Le Sahel connaît une forte surexploitation des terroirs, du fait d’une forte croissance démographique et de sols fragiles et peu fertiles.","L’évolution de l’occupation des sols à l’échelle des bassins versants de Wankama et Tondikiboro : Quelles conséquences sur les débits ?. Mémoire de DEA de géographie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, 75 p.\nRemerciements Nous remercions le programme AMMA et l’ANR ECLIS pour le financement de cette étude ; ainsi que Catherine Ottlé du LSCE qui nous a fourni la figure 3.","Mémoire de DEA de Géographie, 144p. Malam Abdou M. 2008 : Approche méthodologique pour la constitution d’une base de données pour la surveillance des systèmes hydrogéomorphologiques du bassin de kori Dantiandou (degré carré de Niamey).","Le site qui a servi à cette expérimentation est situé à 70 km à l’Est de Niamey (Fig.1).","Thèse de géographie, Université Montpellier 3, 410 p. Mamadou I. 2006 : Erosion et ensablement dans les kori du Fakara-dégré carré de Niamey Niger.","Plus récemment, on a pu constater dans que les régions proches de Niamey (le long du fleuve et aussi dans le Fakara pourtant situé à 70 km de la capitale), l’auréole de déboisement liée à la demande en bois de chauffe de la ville avait accru le déboisement et l’érosion (Amogu, 2009), ce qui confirme les conclusions de Chinen (1999).","Dans certains secteurs endoréiques, cet accroissement du ruissellement a conduit à une hausse de la nappe phréatique depuis plusieurs décennies, comme cela a été observé dans le secteur concerné par cette étude, proche de Niamey (Desconnets et al., 1997).","Figure 7 : exemple de cordons pierreux bien réalisés (ici dans le bassin de la Sirba, au Burkina Faso)\nFigure 8 : exemple de plantation de Figure 9 : cordons pierreux installés gommiers en cuvette réussie (Boubon, au nord inutilement sur un cône de déjection de Niamey) (Boubon)\nOn attend, au bout de quelques années, une analyse de l’efficacité de chacune des méthodes de conservation testées sur les bassins versants de Tondi Kiboro, en termes de limitations de l’écoulement et des transports solides."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3737297314,"citingcorpusid":248558507,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The value of q(T ) is only known for stars [4], directed paths [7, 8, 13, 15] and paths formed by concatenating two directed paths [2].","We note that conjectures 1, 9 and 10 hold for oriented stars [4] and also for paths formed by concatenating (up to) two directed paths [2, 7, 8, 13, 15]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1915973365,"citingcorpusid":216561343,"citedcorpusid":42926407,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thus, age did impact on perceptual bias as has been noted previously (Butler & Harvey, 2008; Coolican et al., 2008; Failla et al., 2003), but their eye movement behaviour indicates that facial scanning remains unaffected by advancing age.","Thus, age did impact on perceptual bias as has been noted previously (Butler & Harvey, 2008; Coolican et al., 2008; Failla et al., 2003),","It also supports previous studies showing no effect of age on the LPB when faces are viewed for an unlimited time (Levine & Levy, 1986; Moreno et al., 1990; Coolican et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":2087760228,"citingcorpusid":153401135,"citedcorpusid":148909861,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["10\nSee Robert Wells, 1980; Daniel Smith, 1980."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":1211509898,"citingcorpusid":195853865,"citedcorpusid":7668251,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Current bibliographic data show a large variation of phenols in EVOO samples, from a few to approximately 1200 mg/kg, and it depends on the cultivar and environmental variables, such as rainfalls and olives ripeness, among others [1].","The health benefices of extra virgin olive oil [EVOO] are significantly attributed to its high antioxidant potential, which, in turn, is deeply linked to its chemical composition [1]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1211510139,"citingcorpusid":195853865,"citedcorpusid":140204964,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We propose that the high levels of CoQ10 of Hojibblanca-2015 EVOO have a positive role in its antioxidant power, as CoQ10 is an electron acceptor and a potent antioxidant [33]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1211509487,"citingcorpusid":195853865,"citedcorpusid":90131332,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, it may also be affected by climatic and geographic conditions, and significant relationships with the altitude or the rainfalls of the growing areas have been found [17].","The CoQ10 concentrations of the oxidized form were estimated by comparison of the peak areas with those of standard solutions of known concentrations; values of calibration curve were reported previously [17]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1783800222,"citingcorpusid":15312001,"citedcorpusid":204330671,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is because humans have \" inductive-reasoning mechanisms that embody certain rational principles, but the design of these mechanisms requires representations of event frequencies to operate properly \" (Brase et al., 1998, p. 4).","Despite evidence replicating the frequency-probability effect (e.g., Brase et al., 1998; Cosmides & Tooby, 1996), there is still controversy regarding its underlying process (e.g., Girotto & Gonzalez, 2001, 2002; Lewis &Keren, 1999; Sloman, Over, Slovak & Stibel, 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3651738439,"citingcorpusid":246276336,"citedcorpusid":144662945,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The solution occurs rapidly and participants in hindsight find the answers obvious and less difficult (Hom & Ciaramitaro, 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2187057166,"citingcorpusid":3529738,"citedcorpusid":21868294,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In a meta-analysis comparing air and liquid enema for intussusception treatment, Sadigh et al concluded that air enema has higher success rate over liquid enema for intussusception reduction, with no difference in in intestinal perforation rate and lower rate of recurrence (12)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1798745062,"citingcorpusid":211113968,"citedcorpusid":190536210,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[5] Moreover, novel studies have investigated whether exercise-induced myokines related to browning of adipose tissue can be alternative solutions for the prevention of metabolic disorders.[6,7]"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1733235370,"citingcorpusid":209900480,"citedcorpusid":21689478,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The feature vector is extracted from thermal image using a grid of 22 points [10, 11] where veins and capillaries passing through the face, as shown in Figure 2.","To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conducted experiments on two face databases, the UCH Thermal Temporal Face (UCH-TTF) [4] and PUCV Thermal Temporal Face (PUCV-TTF) databases [10]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":353066900,"citingcorpusid":19040741,"citedcorpusid":15120115,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["E-based lifestyle interventions allow for the remote implementation of interventions (23,77) and remote monitoring (10,77) of health-related behavioural changes with ubiquitous availability and population-level generalizability (78)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":276736035,"citingcorpusid":16975291,"citedcorpusid":17596019,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There has been several studies regarding the performance of various FFT algorithms on di erent multiprocessor architectures [1, 4, 6, 8, 11]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1080925303,"citingcorpusid":132894158,"citedcorpusid":42654257,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Agricultural fields, when drained, contribute the highest nitrate concentrations to streams when plants are not growing (Cambardella et al. 1999).","nitrate concentrations to streams when plants are not growing (Cambardella et al. 1999).","Agricultural fields, which are drained, contribute the highest nitrate concentrations to streams when plants are not growing (Cambardella et al. 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":284971269,"citingcorpusid":17192741,"citedcorpusid":42654257,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The SWAT model simulation results suggested that corn yields were greater in the corn after soybean rotation under conventional tillage (mean = 9.88 Mg ha−1) than no-tillage (mean = 8.81 Mg ha−1) practices."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":427136354,"citingcorpusid":25680002,"citedcorpusid":7017272,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To correct for differences in the degrees of freedom for various values of N q, goodness of fit was calculated for all N q using the method of Landau and Páez (1997) as described previously (Zahradnikova et al. 1999; Zahradnik et al. 2005).","To correct for differences in the degrees of freedom for various values of N q, goodness of fit was calculated for all N q using the method of Landau and Páez (1997) as described previously (Zahradnikova et al. 1999; Zahradnik et al. 2005).","…et al. 1995; Wang et al. 2001); (iii) are recruited independently of each other (Cannell et al. 1994); (iv) activate with low probability (Zahradnikova et al. 1999, 2003, 2010b); and (v) display similar lifetimes (Wang et al. 2004; Gaburjakova & Gaburjakova, 2006; Zahradnikova et al.…"],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2637769252,"citingcorpusid":95181593,"citedcorpusid":129085818,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Fungal mycelia, amongst which white-rot Basidiomycetes are known to be the most efficient lignin degraders (Kuder and Kruge, 1998), are abundant in the oxygenated zone but become much rarer moving down to the anaerobic zone (Bozkurt et al., 2001).","nutrient quality of plant debris (Johnson and Damman, 1993; Bozkurt et al., 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1066324031,"citingcorpusid":118273671,"citedcorpusid":119405561,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Our convention for the vector meson matrix element has been chosen to simplify the final result for the amplitude and is related to that of [92] by f3v = mv fT and 03V = -T/2.","The distribution P(y) is related to more standard twist-3 two-parton and three-parton distributions by [92, 124]"],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2526657141,"citingcorpusid":154233018,"citedcorpusid":154351633,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For instance, firms’ needs for external capital are positively associated with firms’ disclosure of voluntary information at their corporate web sites (Ettredge et al., 2002), and with firms’ disclosure of segmental difference in profit rates (Ettredge et al., 2006).","…provides evidence that FAS 131 increased the transparency of segment disclosure by increasing the number of segments disclosed (Herrmann and Thomas, 2000; Street et al., 2000; Berger and Hann, 2003), and increasing the cross-segment variability of segment profit rates (Ettredge et al., 2006).","segmental difference in profit rates (Ettredge et al., 2006).","Ettredge et al. (2006) investigate incentives affecting managers’ disclosure of cross-segment variance in profit rates (return on sales).","…i. Empirical results are qualitatively similar to those presented in section 4.\nbased on cross-industry differences in earnings growth rates.8 Ettredge et al. (2006) document that cross-segment differences in profit rates are associated with companies’ abnormal profits, industry…","…Finally, our additional analyses indicate that our test variables explain deviations of disclosed segment growth rates from\n2 Our measure of cross segment variability in profit rates differs substantially from the Ettredge et al. (2006) measure of cross segment variability in earnings growth.","Ettredge et al. (2006) do not consider the effect of agency costs.","Prior research suggests proprietary costs are negatively associated with the\nnumbers of segments disclosed (Hayes and Lundholm, 1996; Harris 1998; Botosan and Stanford, 2005), and revealed cross-segment differences in segment profit rates (Ettredge et al. 2006).",", 2000; Berger and Hann, 2003), and increasing the cross-segment variability of segment profit rates (Ettredge et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1953696390,"citingcorpusid":145164176,"citedcorpusid":153921553,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is complemented by Swain et al.’s (2010) work on the ‘corruption\nindustry’ in the rise of neoliberalism in postsoviet space and Brooks (2012) exploration of corruption in the used car trade between Japan and Mozambique.","For example, we can plausibly argue that licit economic activities constitute only some of the dimensions of contemporary globalization (Aas, 2007; Bhattacharyya, 2005; Brooks, 2012: 82; Glenny, 2008a; Nordstrom, 2007; Abraham and Schendel, 2005; Wilson, 2009; Zook, 2003: 1263).","These include, as well as capitalist relations within and between OCGs, feudal, kinship, ethnic and clan reciprocities (Brooks, 2012: 83), which may themselves be transformed in turn by these flows."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2010887295,"citingcorpusid":208318915,"citedcorpusid":24927699,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Simulation studies have been carried out to optimize multi-pinhole systems (Van Audenhaege et al 2011, 2013, King et al 2012, Mukherjee et al 2014, Chen et al 2017), however only a few systems have been built and/or acquired physical scans (Lee et al 2014, Beekman et al 2015)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3150111831,"citingcorpusid":226239929,"citedcorpusid":93081737,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This phase is usually followed by the log phase, where an exponential growth of the microorganism population is noticed (Gerardi 2003; Tchobanoglous et al. 2003).","The duration of this phase is driven by the microorganisms’ physical and environmental conditions during this phase (Gerardi 2003; Tchobanoglous et al. 2003).","The lag phase, also known as the adaptation phase, refers to the period of acclimatization of the microbial population to a new environment and substrate (Tchobanoglous et al. 2003; Gerardi 2003).","This difference can be related to the ratio VFA/Alkalinity, which provides the stability of both bioreactors during the treatment of PSW (Tchobanoglous et al. 2003; Henze et al. 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3667676469,"citingcorpusid":245257660,"citedcorpusid":91952091,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…distributed in freshwater and marine environments, characterized by its heterovalvy, which means its two valves differ in their ornamentation, one possessing a raphe and known as raphid valve (RV), and the other valve without a raphe, known as sternum valve (SV) (Jahn et al. 2009; Stancheva 2018)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":463057778,"citingcorpusid":32423976,"citedcorpusid":29251689,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Mustard oil and formalin activate capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerve terminals via TRPA1 receptor causing neurogenic edema (Hinmanet al., 2006;Bessacet al., 2009;Wei et al., 2010;Kunkleret al.,\nFig."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1592340381,"citingcorpusid":91185563,"citedcorpusid":94111167,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Meanwhile, DCPD, poly dimethylsiloxane (PDMS), glycidylmethacrylate, epoxy, isocyanates, drying oil, and aliphatic amines and so on are selected as typical healing agents and microencapsulated [8,9]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":496382277,"citingcorpusid":1033720,"citedcorpusid":15334082,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Currently, the applications of lateral approach include discogenic low back pain [29], degenerative back and leg pain [44], trauma [30,33,45], infection [36], tumor [46,47] coronal and sagittal alignment [41,4851] revision [26,27], spondylolisthesis [43,52-54], motion preservation [55], adjacent level disease [25], and others that require access to the anterior column of the thoracolumbar spine [38,56-58].","[54] that has operated 63 patients by lateral approach for the treatment of spondylolisthesis grade 2 using posterior supplementation, showing good clinical and radiological results.","Differently, literature presents several studies regarding XLIF that include patients with degenerative deformities like adult degenerative scoliosis [41,48,49,51,59-64], also including spondylolisthesis in partially or total cohort [43,52-54]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1232507656,"citingcorpusid":168740945,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several studies confirm that establishing website credibility among potential and repeat consumers is critical to the success of online retailers (Greenfield and Bhasin, 2016; Taylor, 2015; Andruss, 2012; Schiff, 2013; McCole et al., 2010; Choi and Rifon, 2002)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1232507122,"citingcorpusid":168740945,"citedcorpusid":13175346,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Another possible explanation is that consumers may not notice, understand, or pay attention to privacy and security statements and policies on e-tailing sites (LaRose and Rifon, 2006).","LaRose and Rifon (2006) suggest that many e-commerce consumers do not notice safety and security seals on e-tailing sites or may not pay attention to what these statements mean.","In contrast, a few investigations have concluded that concerns about privacy and security seem to have little or no effect on consumer perceptions of website quality (LaRose and Rifon, 2006; Wolfinbarger and Gilly, 2003; Belanger et al., 2002; Yang and Jun, 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1232507776,"citingcorpusid":168740945,"citedcorpusid":67870268,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Yang et al. (2009) suggest online retailers must prove to consumers that they are acting ethically in order to earn trust; this means e-tailers must accurately and honestly describe product offerings and protect personal information and make sure purchase are safe and secure.","The ethics of business practices on the internet have been the focus of several investigations including Yang et al. (2009), Roman and Cuestas (2008), Corritore et al. (2003), Limbu et al. (2012), and Grazioli and Jarvenpaa (2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1232507834,"citingcorpusid":168740945,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Research shows that trust is positively related to attitude toward websites (e.g., Donthu, 2001; Elliott and Speck, 2005).","Consistent with previous studies (e.g., Donthu, 2001; Elliott and Speck, 2005), the hypothesis was supported (t = 12.54, p < 0.01) suggesting that consumer attitudes towards website can be enhanced by improving credibility of the website.","Measurement items for revisit intention and purchase intention were adapted from Yoo and Donthu (2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1859614173,"citingcorpusid":214720861,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["is treated as the basic concept for future doctrinal, organizational and executive solutions [20, 46, 47].","The negative experience with the scheduled and obligatory overhauls executed after strictly determined periods of time and independently on the actual state of devices (which have significantly increased the maintenance costs) consists in appearing tendencies to artificially justified extension of the periods between services and overhauls in order to “spare” the maintenance costs in this way [47]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3627121531,"citingcorpusid":245003840,"citedcorpusid":146266126,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Brady and Finnigan (2014) note that their estimates do not support the generic hypothesis of a negative relationship between immigration and natives’ welfare attitudes based on individual-level ISSP panel data from 17 countries."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1794765683,"citingcorpusid":31605833,"citedcorpusid":130276,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…the functional divergence, evolution of orthogonality and cross-inhibition of quorum-sensing systems could be beneficial to the population (e.g., Eldar, 2011), and they are indeed rapidly selected and stably maintained in bacterial population by rounds of cheating and immunity from cheating…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2446987005,"citingcorpusid":120090539,"citedcorpusid":119759339,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2001; Duell and George 1999) or numerical (Howard and Pourquie 2002; Krajnović and Davidson 2005; Minguez et al. 2008; Serre et al. 2011) studies, the physical mechanisms related to the unsteady process involved in the flow dynamics are rarely characterized, whereas they are of significant interest especially for flow control applications (e.","Since the pioneering experimental studies by Onorato et al. (1984) and Ahmed et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":547648860,"citingcorpusid":54184842,"citedcorpusid":153890665,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although Feldman (2000) finds that different biotechnology clusters in the USA have distinctive areas of specialisation in these various industries, the potential for knowledge spillovers across them, and new industries in related areas emerging in the future, seems a promising dynamic in regional…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3703289278,"citingcorpusid":247600077,"citedcorpusid":41303778,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Therefore, a second strategy involving the heterologous expression of a gene encoding a deregulated aspartate kinase (AskCg* = LysCCg*) (Seibold et al., 2006) from the high-level lysine producer strain C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 has been used.","Combining overexpression of both enzymes, the deregulated aspartate kinase (LysCCg*) together with the dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DapASt), consistently shifted the carbon flux toward L-lysine formation and resulted in a considerable upgrade of FK-506 production of about 73% (Fig 3).","Therefore, a second strategy involving the heterologous expression of a gene encoding a deregulated aspartate kinase (AskCg* = LysCCg*) (Seibold et al., 2006) from the high-level lysine producer strain C.","The genomic DNA for the amplification of the feedback inhibition deregulated aspartate kinase gene lysCCg* from Corynebacterium glutamicum DM1730 (Seibold et al., 2006) was kindly provided by Jörn Kalinowski (University of Bielefeld, Germany)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":210950463,"citingcorpusid":22602586,"citedcorpusid":16776699,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Data were processed with NMRPipe (33) and analyzed using CARA (www.","Data were processed with NMRPipe (33) and analyzed using CARA (www.nmr.ch) or NMRDraw (33).","Delaglio F, et al. (1995) NMRPipe: A multidimensional spectral processing system based on UNIX pipes."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":1621782536,"citingcorpusid":201352106,"citedcorpusid":133889046,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Xu et al. (2016) used airborne LiDAR and multiple optical sensor imagery to map\nforest canopy height in Gabon, Central Africa.","The Congo Basin forests\nThe tropical rainforests of Central Africa, also known as the Congo Basin forests,\nrepresent the second largest continuous humid tropical forest in the world after the Amazon, while the Democratic Republic of the Congo hosts half of those tropical rainforests (Potapov et al. 2012).","\"Deforestation in Central\nAfrica: Estimates at regional, national and landscape levels by advanced processing of systematically-distributed Landsat extracts.\"","The Congo Basin forests cross over six countries in the Central African region\n(i.e., Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Cameroon, and Democratic Republic of Congo).","The AGB of grass and shrub in tropical forests is not well documented but is important given\n22\ntheir large coverage in Central Africa (Bouvet et al. 2018) and typically, when tropical forests are disturbed (e.g., due to deforestation, degradation or fire) the understory regrows rapidly (Souza, Roberts, and Monteiro 2005) .","This study is among the first in Central Africa to develop such an approach that combines multispectral remote sensing imagery (Landsat-8) and airborne LiDAR data to map forest canopy height and estimate aboveground biomass at local scale.","The AGB of grass and shrub in tropical forests is not well documented but is important given\n22\ntheir large coverage in Central Africa (Bouvet et al. 2018) and typically, when tropical forests are disturbed (e.g., due to deforestation, degradation or fire) the understory regrows rapidly (Souza,…","\"Tracking Land Use/Land Cover Dynamics\nin Cloud Prone Areas Using Moderate Resolution Satellite Data: A Case Study in Central Africa.\"","their large coverage in Central Africa (Bouvet et al. 2018) and typically, when tropical forests are disturbed (e.","\"Central\nAfrican Forest Cover Revisited.\""],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":851817720,"citingcorpusid":25328622,"citedcorpusid":154131155,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Therefore, the business ecosystem is widely used as an important concept in establishing a strategy for competition or mutual cooperation between companies in the industry (Li 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2947423376,"citingcorpusid":161657345,"citedcorpusid":147188405,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["'recovering mind' (Leone 1982), has indeed been applied to the available archaeological data through the application of various anthropological approaches such as structuralism, materialism and related theories of thought."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3153089957,"citingcorpusid":226318443,"citedcorpusid":154131155,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Other researchers, such as [24,27], consider business ecosystems to be networks or coalitions of weakly linked organizations, corporations or small and medium businesses, all of which could be developing around a common technological base or platform."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1600841740,"citingcorpusid":168811314,"citedcorpusid":154131155,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Firstly, an ecosystem is a term first used in biology to describe a community of living organisms in conjunction with the non-living components of their environment, interacting as a system (Tansley, 1935). It was years later that this concept was used in a business context by Moore (1993) to describe that firms have complex relationships with each other, similar to nature.","As a result, each member of an ecosystem ultimately shares in the fate of the system as whole (Li, 2009).","The exploratory data analysis will establish a link between these two. The reports of BCI (2009, 2014) together with additional secondary data (e.g. company and ecosystem websites and news articles) that have been made publicly available provides data for the characterizing of the ecosystems. Furthermore, BCI (2014) has included data that will be used for three proxies to measure ecosystem performance: growth in terms of total amount of firms in the ecosystem (including spin-offs, but excluding universities, university hospitals, technology institutes and half-commercial organizations), the growth of the total amount of spin-offs in the ecosystem, and the growth of the total amount of employment in the ecosystem.","The observations are split into two groups (i.e. low and high performance) for the analysis, based on a threshold. The threshold should make sense theoretically, although Rihoux and Ragin (2009) acknowledge this cannot always be indisputably done.","Furthermore, these organizations co-evolve their capabilities to align with the leader to improve their complementary roles (Li, 2009).","Second, the analyses will also be performed without these conditions to eliminate their possible distortion. Furthermore, this also resolves the timediscrepancy between the data from BCI (2014) and the secondary data gathered during this study.","2 Sampling The sample will consist of knowledge and business ecosystems and its participants located in the Netherlands, which are already studied by BCI (2014). The selection will be based on the available data in this report and on the outcome of the QCA, and is not static (Rihoux & Ragin, 2009). The initial sample will be based on the reports of BCI (2014) and includes 27 ecosystems of which data on the three performance measures is gathered. Of this selection there are 21 cases, or 19 depending on the performance measure, with complete data. This sample contains both cases with a positive outcome as cases with a negative outcome, as suggested by Rihoux and Ragin (2009). An overview of the sample can be found in the column “Ecosystems” in table B-1 in appendix B.","2 Sampling The sample will consist of knowledge and business ecosystems and its participants located in the Netherlands, which are already studied by BCI (2014). The selection will be based on the available data in this report and on the outcome of the QCA, and is not static (Rihoux & Ragin, 2009). The initial sample will be based on the reports of BCI (2014) and includes 27 ecosystems of which data on the three performance measures is gathered.","Companies in a business ecosystem co-evolve their capabilities and roles, and tend to align themselves with the directions set by one or more central companies (Li, 2009; Moore, 1993).","METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................................... 10\n3.1 Design..................................................................................................................................................... 10\n3.2 Sampling ................................................................................................................................................. 10\n3.3 Procedure ................................................................................................................................................ 10\n3.4 Exploratory Data Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 10\n3.5 Data Analysis Procedure ........................................................................................................................ 12\n3.6 Ethics ...................................................................................................................................................... 14\n4.","2 Sampling The sample will consist of knowledge and business ecosystems and its participants located in the Netherlands, which are already studied by BCI (2014). The selection will be based on the available data in this report and on the outcome of the QCA, and is not static (Rihoux & Ragin, 2009)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],null,["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1894881138,"citingcorpusid":2861494,"citedcorpusid":23619854,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Both experimental human and mouse models of rhinovirus induced asthma exacerbations have recently been developed (Bartlett et al., 2008; Message et al., 2008; Newcomb et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":111771866,"citingcorpusid":11718972,"citedcorpusid":14980785,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To date, inactivation and/or decreased expression of p33ING1b have been reported in various types of cancer, including head and neck squamous cell, breast, lung, stomach, blood and brain malignancies (7,12-16).","Furthermore, this evidence has been confirmed in certain tumors, including melanoma (10), brain tumor (15), breast cancer (7), oral squamous cell carcinoma (11) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (14), where p33ING1b was also found to localize mainly in the cytoplasm."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":111772349,"citingcorpusid":11718972,"citedcorpusid":24849238,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Lymph node status Non-metastasis 44 34 (77) 10 (23) 10.","It has been observed that PINCH expression is upregulated in numerous types of malignancy, including oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, colorectal, pancreatic, skin, breast, lung, prostate cancer and endometrioid endometrial carcinoma, as well as gliomas (20-27)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1575775476,"citingcorpusid":10995291,"citedcorpusid":6623523,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Further, we showed that similar to ATPIII and original IDF definitions; modified IDF definition is also strongly associated with identified factors.","Abbreviations MetS: metabolic syndrome; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; ATPIII: adult treatment panel III; IDF: international diabetes federation; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; OR: odds ratio.","MetS is believed to be related to insulin resistance which can be scored by measuring fasting insulin concentration [1-3].","ATPIII criteria allow the diagnosis of MetS when three or more of the following conditions are satisfied: presence of the abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥102 cm and ≥88 cm in men and women, respectively), elevated blood pressure (SBP ≥130 mmHg and/or DBP ≥85 mmHg), low HDL-C (<40 mg/dl and <50 mg/dl in men and women, respectively), TG ≥150 mg/dl and fasting plasma glucose ≥100 mg/dl (or diabetes) [1,21].","MetS was defined due to either original ATPIII or IDF declarations.","Since there appears to be ethnic differences in the expression of MetS [1], different findings may arise on the basis of sample collection.","MetS can be defined according to Adult Treatment Panel (ATPIII) [1] or International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria [17].","Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of factor scores with MetS defined\nby either ATPIII or original IDF or by the modified form of IDF criteria.","ATPIII criteria allow the diagnosis of MetS when three or more of the following conditions are satisfied: presence of the abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥102 cm and ≥88 cm in men and women, respectively), elevated blood pressure (SBP ≥130 mmHg and/or DBP ≥85 mmHg), low HDL-C ( 40 mg/dl and  50 mg/dl in men and women, respectively), TG ≥150 mg/dl and fasting plasma glucose ≥100 mg/dl (or diabetes) [1,21].","MetS was defined by either adult treatment panel III (ATPIII), international diabetes federation (IDF) criteria, or by the modified form of IDF using waist circumference cut-off points for Iranian population.","After adjusting for age and sex, in diabetic participants the prevalence of MetS defined by ATPIII, original IDF and modified IDF criteria (74%, 76% and 69%, respectively) was higher than nondiabetic participants (33%, 37%.and 32%, respectively, P <0.001)","Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) encompasses a cluster of coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus risk factors, including abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and elevated blood pressure [1,2].","Subjects with MetS tend to have high insulin levels, reflecting greater insulin resistance [1-3].","In model 2, the ORs (95% confidence interval) for MetS defined by ATPIII, original IDF and modified IDF were 9.9 (7.8-12.6), 8.4 (6.8-10.4) and 12.4 (9.5-16.0) in non-diabetic subjects and 5.8 (4.6-7.3), 4.4 (3.6-5.4) and 7.4 (5.8-9.4) in diabetic subjects, respectively."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["methodology"],null,null,null,null,["background"],["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":345800314,"citingcorpusid":9310431,"citedcorpusid":23619854,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Nevertheless, we have clearly shown that human RV1B replicates in mouse lungs, as evidenced by (1) the presence of negative-strand viral RNA in the lungs of inoculated mice, (2) the transmissibility of rhinovirus infection from the lung homogenates of inoculated mice to cultured HeLa cells, and (3) the induction of a robust lung interferon response.(51) Rhinovirus replication appears to be augmented in neonatal mice."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3266388308,"citingcorpusid":83534424,"citedcorpusid":23043331,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(Widner and Whiteley, 1989; Liang and Dean, 1994; Yamamoto and McLaughlin, 1981).","5 ng/ml (Liang and Dean, 1994)."],"intents":[null,null]}
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{"citationid":1010445807,"citingcorpusid":12255482,"citedcorpusid":13641513,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["PLDa1 encodes a phospholipase Da, and PLDa1 and its product (phosphatidic acid) regulate either a PP2C family member (ABI1) or a G-protein (GPA1) to control\nstomatal movement (Zhang et al., 2004; Mishra et al., 2006).","For group I, the PLDa1 gene encodes a phospholipase Da, and PLDa1 and its product, phosphatidic acid, regulate either ABI1 or GPA1 to control stomatal closure and opening in the ABA signaling pathway (Zhang et al., 2004; Mishra et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1095870523,"citingcorpusid":118827079,"citedcorpusid":18108880,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["More recently, data-driven reduced-order modelling by, for example, Brunton et al. (2013), Brunton et al. (2014), and Dawson et al. (2015), has extended the range of validity and accuracy of similar models."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":912885269,"citingcorpusid":839313,"citedcorpusid":94485570,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["D, aromatic carboxylic acids generally exhibit dP values intermediate between acetone and ethyl acetate, whereas hydrogen bonding (dH) values for these compounds tend to be intermediate between acetone and methanol (Hansen 2007).","D solubility (Vencill 2002), and Hansen Solubility Parameters (Hansen 2007).","Table 1 summarizes relevant properties of the delivery solvents, including boiling point, density, solubility and Henry’s Law Constant (Lide 2002), 2,4-D solubility (Vencill 2002), and Hansen Solubility Parameters (Hansen 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":59883284,"citingcorpusid":7861179,"citedcorpusid":15030620,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some of them are first expressed in the tapetum or the endothecium, and later their transcripts accumulate in the mature pollen [9, 16, 25, 29, 45, 56, 57], while others are really pollen-specific [3–5, 7, 8, 11, 23, 32, 37, 39, 44, 46, 48, 52, 53, 55, 59]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":921921387,"citingcorpusid":9850037,"citedcorpusid":35037670,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["responsible for the previously observed whole body insulin resistance (16).","It has been reported that a bout of eccentric exercise transiently impairs the stimulating action of a submaximal insulin concentration on whole body glucose disposal 2 days after the bout (16), but the underlying mechanism(s) for this apparent insulin-resistant state remains obscure, involving local and/or systemic changes.","A SINGLE BOUT of concentric exercise (which involves shortening of active muscle) is a recognized enhancer of insulin action systemically and in muscle in rats and humans (7, 19, 21, 22), whereas it has been reported that a bout of eccentric exercise (which involves forced lengthening of activemuscle) transiently impairs whole body insulin action 2 days after the bout (16).","This could at least partly explain the previously described systemic insulin resistance found 2 days after eccentric exercise (16) and the sustained decreased muscle glycogen concentration after eccentric contractions."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1601658749,"citingcorpusid":162414478,"citedcorpusid":17868063,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Dans le domaine de l’aéronautique, [78] utilisent le réseau avec les variables comme le poids de l’avion, la vitesse de l’atterrissage et le fonctionnement des freins pour prédire la défaillance des freins."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1182733805,"citingcorpusid":174787344,"citedcorpusid":52997885,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2 M of cool dust were deduced from the analysis of Spitzer and Herschel data [33, 34].","In the case of the Crab Nebula, Temim & Dwek [34] model Spitzer and Herschel data and study the impact of varying the dust size distributions, which are characterised by different dust temperatures combined with using grain absorption coefficients with a more complete wavelength coverage.","(K) 17 - 23 22 - 26 35 35 - 68 Reference [13, 35] [30, 32] [33] [34]"],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":3809489778,"citingcorpusid":240910809,"citedcorpusid":2352903,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although is not clear yet the role that BLV might have in humans, evidence of its presence has been reported and is proposed as a potential risk factor for breast cancer development [32-34].","Discussion Molecular epidemiology studies of BLV worldwide an in this case in Colombia, makes it possible to identify circulating strains in specific regions to propose and build public policies aimed to control and, in the future, eradicate this virus which has been seen to produce problems not only in cattle but also has been reported as a possible risk factor involved in humans pathologies [32-35]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1693003771,"citingcorpusid":1733902,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(2004) presents IR mags measured from 2MASS transformed into the CIT system using the transformation equation of Carpenter (2001). We made the required inverse transformation for the comparison quoted above.","Ma et al.\n1Table 2 of Galleti et al. (2004) presents IR mags measured from 2MASS transformed into the CIT system using the transformation equation of Carpenter (2001)."],"intents":[null,null]}
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{"citationid":1926495331,"citingcorpusid":25412164,"citedcorpusid":27424740,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We mentioned before the lipid exchange between RC and lipoprotein: recently Verkleij et al. (1976) demonstrated fusion of cholestatic lipoprotein (LP-X) and uptake of its cholesterol and lecithin with RC membranes."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3709161009,"citingcorpusid":134215498,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["At basin scale, Herrero (2004) obtained an average value of 5.9 t·ha−1·year−1 for a 50‐year study period when using the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) method with a sediment delivery ratio using the SWAT model (Arnold, Srinivasan, Muttiah, & Williams, 1998)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":399840680,"citingcorpusid":18547493,"citedcorpusid":6952531,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["If elliptic curve cryptosystems satisfy so called FRconditions ([11], [17], [24]) and avoid anomalous elliptic curve over Fq ([3], [33], [35]), then the only known attacks are the Pollard ρ-method ([27]) and the Pohlig-Hellman method ([26]).","If elliptic curve cryptosystems avoid FRreduction([11],[17]) and anomalous elliptic curve over Fq ([3], [33], [35]), then with current knowledge we can construct elliptic curve cryptosystems over a smaller definition field."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3619204363,"citingcorpusid":244639448,"citedcorpusid":13203483,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["PTDs cross membranes through protein transduction, facilitating the transport of fused materials across cellular membranes.(88) PTDs can be linked covalently to onaBoNT-"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3701047861,"citingcorpusid":235777476,"citedcorpusid":57829726,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…have found that depression is a significant risk factor for suicide among individuals with OCS (Alonso et al., 2010; Balci and Sevincok, 2010; Bowen et al., 2019; Dold et al., 2018; Gupta et al., 2014; Hung et al., 2010; Iliceto et al., 2017; Kamath et al., 2007; Torres et al., 2011), which…","Furthermore, some studies showed that OCS are quite prevalent even in nonclinical samples (Bowen et al., 2019; Fullana et al., 2009; Hui et al., 2013; Huz et al., 2016; Iliceto et al., 2017; Purdon and Clark, 1993).","Furthermore, results from multiple studies have found that depression is a significant risk factor for suicide among individuals with OCS (Alonso et al., 2010; Balci and Sevincok, 2010; Bowen et al., 2019; Dold et al., 2018; Gupta et al., 2014; Hung et al., 2010; Iliceto et al., 2017; Kamath et al., 2007; Torres et al., 2011), which is consistent with the results of this study."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":3289646667,"citingcorpusid":232236619,"citedcorpusid":4563699,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In [18],NCisutilized to provide the end-to-end delay bound in a UAV-based object tracking system."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1205106214,"citingcorpusid":145122324,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The findings of this study indicate that in Kurdish and Persian children – as in the western societies (Olshtain and Cohen, 1983; Blum-Kulka and Olshtain, 1984), apologies generally fit within the framework of the categories explored and discovered by such previous studies but there were some…","The most frequent apology formula used in Kurdish and Persian, as in the other languages studied (see Olshtain and Cohen, 1983) was an IFID or the most direct apology formula.","The findings of this study indicate that in Persian and Kurdish – as in the other languages in western societies (Olshtain and Cohen, 1983; Blum-Kulka and Olshtain, 1984), apologies generally fit within the framework of the categories explored and discovered by such western studies.","To elaborate, in the related literature, the following utterances: (12) I'm sorry,\n(13) I'm sorry for knocking into you, (Olshtain and Cohen, 1983) have been evaluated as equal direct statement of apology, whereas, stating of the offense by the apologizer seems to convey indirectly his/her sense of…","The first three sub-formulas are all shared in CCSARP (e.g., Blum-Kulka and House, 1989; Olshtain and Cohen, 1983) in their coding system of apologies and are entitled under slightly different headings."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1076903605,"citingcorpusid":54640246,"citedcorpusid":126161089,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, cirrus clouds, sometimes originating from aircraft contrails, reNect solar radiation toward space, reducing radiative heating underneath and/or trapping terrestrial infrared radiation, increasing the green-house eAect which aAects the Earth’s radiative budget very substantially (Liou, 1986; Fahey et al., 1999; Ramaswamy et al., 2001).","…from aircraft contrails, reNect solar radiation toward space, reducing radiative heating underneath and/or trapping terrestrial infrared radiation, increasing the green-house eAect which aAects the Earth’s radiative budget very substantially (Liou, 1986; Fahey et al., 1999; Ramaswamy et al., 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3503862254,"citingcorpusid":237824630,"citedcorpusid":3698054,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In OC, the majority of patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease which is associated with a significantly poorer prognosis, hence strategies to interrupt metastasis through the disruption of cell motility, collective movement, directed cell migration and invasion have gained interest [86]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":27228673,"citingcorpusid":37241535,"citedcorpusid":85944880,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Respiration rate ( RR ) was measured in all animals weekly at 1430 h by counting the rate of flank movements each 30 s (Caroprese et al., 2012).","The increase of cortisol secretion in ewes under heat stress and supplemented with flaxseed, as found in our experiment, was in agreement with a previous study (Caroprese et al., 2012), and demonstrated the ability of flaxseed supplementation to interfere with cortisol secretion.","Hormone concentration was determined by a competitive enzyme immunoassay (Cortisolo EIA WELL KS18EW, Radim, Rome, Italy), according to Caroprese et al. (2012).","The lower RR measured in FS and FS+AG sheep compared with C and AG sheep confirmed previous findings on the positive peripheral vasodilator effect of flaxseed, even in combination with A. nodosum , in helping sheep to cope with heat stress (Caroprese et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["result"],["methodology"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":597301980,"citingcorpusid":56312622,"citedcorpusid":94552529,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Ions of Са also diffuse from the layer of chitosan to pectin, and ionic interactions between dissociated carboxyl groups via Cabridges are formed [14]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":937299205,"citingcorpusid":5348994,"citedcorpusid":1791637,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Z. ChIPed DNA (20 ng) was used to generate libraries using previously described methods (Ku et al., 2008; Mikkelsen et al., 2007).","20ng of ChIP'd DNA was used to generate libraries using previously described methods (Ku et al., 2008; Mikkelsen et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":937297930,"citingcorpusid":5348994,"citedcorpusid":16353172,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Z (Guillemette and Gaudreau, 2006), which preferentially marks active genes and genes that are poised for activation (Barski et al., 2007; Creyghton et al., 2008) and is not present on promoters that are silenced by DNA methylation in plants (Zilberman et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":937298259,"citingcorpusid":5348994,"citedcorpusid":13769023,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Z nucleosome that is seldom present within the NDR (Jiang and Pugh, 2009; Jin et al., 2009; Schones et al., 2008).","Z signal, which do not correlate with known TSSs, potentially marking chromatin regulatory regions, like enhancers and CTCF binding sites (Jin et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":379211415,"citingcorpusid":9254275,"citedcorpusid":5393462,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These lesions occasionally can be seen as small hypodensities on CT scan [13].","On CT images, the obliteration of the basal cisterns by isodense or mildly hyperdense exudates is the most common finding in tuberculous meningitis [1, 6, 13, 16].","The subpial exudate is primarily located in the inferomedial surface of the frontal lobes, the anteromedial surface of the temporal lobes, the superior aspect of the cerebellum, and the floor of the third ventricle [13].","Cranial nerve involvement occurs due to vascular compromise, ischemia, or nerve entrapment in the basal exudates in 17–40% of cases, most commonly affecting the second, third, fourth, and seventh cranial nerves [13, 15]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":618473845,"citingcorpusid":59844801,"citedcorpusid":121225607,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The basic ideas and the mathematical foundations of the partition of unity method were introduced by Babuška and Melenk [89] and the method represents a powerful technique to integrate locally defined approximations into a global approximation.","In this method, the finite element shape functions are extended through the partition of unity method (PUM) by using virtual degrees of freedom as enrichment for the description of discontinuities across an interface.","The method is based on the partition of unity method (PUM), which is a generalization of the standard Galerkin finite element method.","2 The extended finite element method Enrichment strategies We introduce the enrichment of the finite element approximations through the partition of unity method (PUM) [89].","The basic ideas and the mathematical foundations of the partition of unity method were introduced by Babuška and Melenk [89] and the method represents a powerful technique to integrate locally defined approximations into a global approximation."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":573464765,"citingcorpusid":54851203,"citedcorpusid":121225607,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several other meshless methods such as Partition of Unity Finite Element Method (PUFEM) by Babuška and Melenk [7], h-p cloud by Duarte and Oden [8], and natural elementmethod (NEM) by Sukumar et al.","Several other meshless methods such as Partition of Unity Finite Element Method (PUFEM) by Babuška and Melenk [7], h-p cloud by Duarte and Oden [8], and natural elementmethod (NEM) by Sukumar et al. [9] and Cueto et al. [10] have also been published."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":1179612251,"citingcorpusid":174794692,"citedcorpusid":117575457,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Within the limited accuracy of the shape of the cylinder the requirements for XEUS are reached if the plates perfectly reproduce this shape.","After a research and development phase of about 3 years, it should be possible to produce the optics within 6 years, so that it seems to be possible to provide the large mirror area that is required for the XEUS telescope within 8 to 10 years from now.","San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2001., p.230 [4] M. Bavdaz et al, ‘The XEUS X-ray telescope’, SPIE Proc.","Conf. on Space Optics’, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 27-30 June 2006 (ESA SP-621, June 2006)\nSilicon pore optics have been proposed earlier [1] as modular optical X-ray units in large Wolter-I telescopes [2] that would match effective area and resolution requirements imposed by missions such as XEUS [3][4].","Silicon pore optics have been proposed earlier [1] as modular optical X-ray units in large Wolter-I telescopes [2] that would match effective area and resolution requirements imposed by missions such as XEUS [3][4].","Obviously this process that is now implemented for 2 m radius of curvature needs to be adapted so as to obtain several different shapes suitable for different radii, since for the XEUS optics, radii of curvature between 0.63 and ~2.12 m are required.","[1] M. Beijersbergen et al, ‘Silicon Pore Optics: novel lightweight high-resolution X-ray optics developed for XEUS’, Proc. of SPIE5488-137, San Diego, 2004 [2] Wolter, H. Ann der Phys 6 Fol Band 10, 1952 [3] Turner, M. J. L.; Bleeker, J. A. M.; Trümper, J.;\nHasinger, G.; Inoue, H.; Kunieda, H.; Palumbo, G. G. C.; Peacock, A.; Parmar, A. N.; Bavdaz, M ‘New Century of X-ray Astronomy’, ASP Conference Proceedings Vol. 251.","5900-35, San Diego, 2004 [5] S. Kraft et al, ‘Development of modular Highperformance Pore Optics for the XEUS x-ray telescope’, Proc. of SPIE-5900-53, San Siego, 2005 [6] Jansen, F. et al. XMM-Newton observatory.","In a baseline design of the XEUS optics with 35 m focal length, plate lengths between ~30 mm and ~120 mm are required to match the conical optics design, having a resolution of ~2\".","HPO performance has been tested several times and the achieved point spread functions meet the requirements for XEUS within medium sized areas of a few square centimetre."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3727310592,"citingcorpusid":248318845,"citedcorpusid":23017027,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["High levels of social anxiety expect higher fear of intimacy, related to lower support and higher potential for conflicts in romantic relationships (Cuming & Rapee, 2010; Montesi et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3868665931,"citingcorpusid":251447328,"citedcorpusid":11089923,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A femoral fracture model was used to assess pain in domestic pigeons with a numeric rating pain scale being created to assess degrees of pain.(128) Attitude, fractured limb position, body posture, and motor activity postfracture were evaluated.","Moreover, in this investigation, the pigeons’ exploratory behavior of their environment was reduced when compared with their preoperative activities.(128) A second study evaluated the postoperative behavior of pigeons after the administration of meloxicam.","Pigeons in this study had significantly decreased weight-bearing and perching ability with the fractured limb and spent significantly more time either sitting in a single location within their enclosure or laying on the floor.(128) Moreover, in this investigation, the pigeons’ exploratory behavior of their environment was reduced when compared with their preoperative activities."],"intents":[["methodology"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4090811458,"citingcorpusid":257921140,"citedcorpusid":237679451,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2907656960,"citingcorpusid":221881829,"citedcorpusid":153664666,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Gulf states, in fact, display varying degrees of rentierism and the extent of the ‘curse’ has been shaped by factors such as tribal and sectarian affiliations [52,53], ownership structure of state-owned companies [54–56], political repression [57–59], historical relationships with the merchant class [60,61], relatively small population size [62–64], and the global outlook of their leaders [65,66]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3798943863,"citingcorpusid":226533020,"citedcorpusid":153402708,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Latridis and Zaghmour (2013) investigate 83 Moroccan and 135 Turkish listed companies over 2002-2011.","Credit rationing à la Jaffee and Modigliani (1969) occurs as a demand and supply mismatch at the prevailing loan interest rate, and market clearing should take place with interest rate adjustment."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1644713468,"citingcorpusid":205890477,"citedcorpusid":27161077,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although p-p65 was suppressed by Wy-14,643 treatment, suggesting suppression of NF-jB, earlier studies in HeLa cells indicated that NF-jB plays a role in regulation of the human GADD45B promoter.(19) To more directly determine a role for NF-jB in regulation of the Gadd45b gene, the Ikk mouse model(20) was used to determine whether this factor is involved in Gadd45b induction by Wy-14,643 and PPARa in mouse liver."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1077452412,"citingcorpusid":127802156,"citedcorpusid":143165656,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["I en forskningsöversikt gjord av Gunvor Andersson och Maria Bangura Arvidsson (2001) framkommer bland annat att insatsen kontaktfamilj oftast består av två föräldrar, de bor på landet och insatsen riktas till barn som\n  20\nlever med en ensamstående mamma.","Bronnfenbrenners modell av den utvecklingsekologiska strukturen enligt tolkning av Gunvor Andersson 2002, s.187, i Meeuwisse & Swärd, Perspektiv på sociala problem.","Exempel på studier inom Sverige som behandlar frågan om socioekonomisk position för familjer i socialtjänsten är Gunvor Anderssons (2008) longitudinella studie om barn i samhällsvård.","De tre nivåerna samspelar till sist på makronivå med samhällsförhållanden, värderingar, normer och lagar på nationell nivå (Andersson, 2002; Socialstyrelsen, 2006a).","Enligt det utvecklingsekologiska synsättet, som har utvecklats av den amerikanske psykologen Urie Bronfenbrenner; sker barns utveckling i ett sammanhang, i ett samspel och i interaktion med olika faktorer i barnets omgivning (Andersson, 2002)."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":4066081999,"citingcorpusid":257051912,"citedcorpusid":251495759,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["S [Janssen] vaccine) were submitted to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a passive surveillance system in the United States.31 A total of 621 reports (17.9","Two studies were identified that compared placental histopathology of pregnant people who had been vaccinated with a COVID-19 vaccine and unvaccinated pregnant people in the United States.53,54 In a cross-sectional study of 200 pregnant people, of which 84 people received a COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy, there was no increased odds of decidual arteriopathy (aOR: 0.75, 95% CI 0.3–1.9), fetal vascular malperfusion (aOR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.27–2.7), or low-grade chronic villitis (aOR: 1.6, 95% CI 0.62–4.2).53 There was decreased odds of high-grade chronic villitis (aOR: 0.31, 95% CI 0.1–0.97).53 Similarly, Boelig and colleagues reported no significant differences in the odds of placental maternal vascular malperfusion (aOR: 0.61, 95% CI\n0.22–1.68) comparing 49 vaccinated pregnant people with 198 unvaccinated pregnant people in a retrospective cohort study.54 However, in this same study, those who were unvaccinated but had COVID-19 in pregnancy (n5 59) had significantly higher odds of placental maternal vascular malperfusion than those without COVID-19 (aOR: 2.34, 95% CI 1.16–4.73).54 These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection, but not COVID-19 vaccination, affects placental vascular pathology.","Stillbirth, or intrauterine fetal demise occurring at or after 20 weeks gestation, is a devastating pregnancy outcome that occurs in approximately 5.7 per 1000 births in the United States.40 Recent reports have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is associated with an almost 2-fold increased risk of stillbirth.5,41 In contrast, studies assessing COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy have not identified an increased risk of stillbirth following vaccination.","7 per 1000 births in the United States.(40) Recent reports have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is associated with an almost 2-fold increased risk of stillbirth."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1935862258,"citingcorpusid":145476448,"citedcorpusid":142955789,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A common constraint for autobiographica l memories of speci c events, for example, is that they should contain imagery (see Brewer, 1986, 1996; Conway, 1996; Conway & Pleydell-Pearce, 2000).","This knowledge can be used to access ESK, which is conceived of as summary sensory-perceptual knowledge of a single speci c event and which when accessed gives rise to the ubiquitous visual imagery that is a hallmark of the construction of a speci c autobiographica l memory (Brewer, 1986, 1996)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":86483268,"citingcorpusid":52825668,"citedcorpusid":28129666,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The latter, located in the brush-border surface of intestinal cells, catalyses the hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates and disaccharides to absorbable monosaccharides (KIM et al., 2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2783558571,"citingcorpusid":3636641,"citedcorpusid":122903622,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The method of ML, however, is not robust (Beran, 1977; Cutler and Cordero-Braña, 1996; He and Fung, 1999), so the minimum Hellinger distance (MHD), which is robust, could be used (Beran, 1977; Simpson, 1987; Cutler and Cordero-Braña, 1996).","The AVCM of MHD-N estimates is the inverse of the Fisher information matrix (Beran, 1977; Simpson, 1987) and, therefore, was computed based on the log-likelihood, following the same procedure as the computation for the AVCM for the ML-N estimates.","The method of ML-N is sensitive to situations when the distribution is not known exactly or when the data contain outliers (Beran, 1977; Cutler and Cordero-Braña, 1996; He and Fung, 1999), each of which is encountered often in practice.","A robust and efficient method to estimate distribution parameters of a pdf is to minimize the Hellinger distance (Beran, 1977; Simpson, 1987; Cutler and Cordero-Braña, 1996).","Although SE for MHD-N were lowest, ML-N and MHD-N parameter estimates and their SE are asymptotically equivalent as N → ∞ (Beran, 1977; Simpson, 1987).","The method of ML, however, is not robust (Beran, 1977; Cutler and Cordero-Braña, 1996; He and Fung, 1999), so the minimum Hellinger distance (MHD), which is robust, could be used (Beran, 1977; Simpson, 1987; Cutler and Cordero-Braña, 1996).","A robust and efficient method to estimate distribution parameters of a pdf is to minimize the Hellinger distance (Beran, 1977; Simpson, 1987; Cutler and Cordero-Braña, 1996).","The method of ML-N is sensitive to situations when the distribution is not known exactly or when the data contain outliers (Beran, 1977; Cutler and Cordero-Braña, 1996; He and Fung, 1999), each of which is encountered often in practice."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2280696196,"citingcorpusid":119641412,"citedcorpusid":18798291,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["polynomials of u (1 ≤ ℓ ≤ d). We let U= (Ud,...,U1) be the system of forms, where for each 1 ≤ ℓ ≤ d, Uℓ = (Uℓ,1,...,Uℓ,r ℓ ) and Uℓ,r is the degree ℓ portion of uℓ,r (1 ≤ r ≤ rℓ). Let us denote B0 = [0,1]n. We define the following exponential sum associated to u, (1.1) S(α) = S(u,B0;α) := X x∈PB0∩Zn e X 1≤ℓ≤d X 1≤r≤rℓ αℓ,r ·uℓ,r(x) ! . In his paper [3], W. M. Schmidt obtained an exponential sum estimat"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3343916021,"citingcorpusid":234771880,"citedcorpusid":122473651,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Yu & Cheng [7] established a fractal permeability model for double-dispersed porous media.","Chengdu, People’s Republic of China: Chengdu University of Technology.","Yu B, Cheng P. 2002 A fractal permeability model for bi-dispersed porous media."],"intents":[["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":793217999,"citingcorpusid":18107433,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the field of Partners Selection, some foreign scholar proposed some Partner Relationship Management principles which were just used to Qualitative Analysis, Tulluri and Baker proposed a two phrase quantitative model based on DEA and 0-1 integer programming to design the VE, however there is serious fault in the method([3]); some Domestic scholars applied optimize algorithm to slove the problem, for instance, the reference([4-5]) used the genetic algorithm ,local search capability of which is poor and easy to fall in local optima; Simulated Annealing Algorithm is applied in reference([1,6]), however the global search of which is poor and low operation efficiency."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":582801596,"citingcorpusid":55007115,"citedcorpusid":122473651,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The total area of a unit cell for the medium is [13] A 1⁄4 1 2 pR 2","Recently, Yu and Cheng [13] developed a fractal permeability model for bi-dispersed (saturated) porous media based on the fractal characteristics of pore sizes of the media, and this fractal model is also applicable to anisotropic porous fabrics [14,16].","[13] cannot provide such an explicit model for pore size distribution.","For the bi-dispersed porous media, Yu and Cheng have obtained [13],","Applying the box-counting method to measure a set of possible streamlines in a porous medium, Yu and Cheng [13] obtained the fractal dimension DT = 1.","The average maximum pore size is given by [13]","where Rc 1⁄4 0:30 mm [13] is the cluster mean radius.","Applying the box-counting method to measure a set of possible streamlines in a porous medium, Yu and Cheng [13] obtained the fractal dimension DT = 1.10 for flow through the bi-dispersed porous media.","For a straight capillary, Lt(k) = L0, The relationship between the diameter and length of capillaries exhibits the fractal scaling law [13,14]:","(11) or measured by the box-counting method [3,13].","(a) An image photo [13] of the bi-dispersed porous medium (/ = 0.","For the bi-dispersed porous media, Yu and Cheng\nhave obtained [13],\nkmin kmax\n¼ ffiffiffi 2 p\ndþ ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi 1 / 1 /c s ð20Þ\nwhere d+ = 24 is the ratio of the cluster mean size to the minimum particle size, and /c is the micro porosity in the cluster and given by [20]\n/c ¼ 0:342/ ð21Þ\nThe average maximum pore size is given by [13]\nkmax ¼ Rc 2\nffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi 2\n1 /c 1 / 1\ns þ ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi 2pffiffiffi 3 p 1 /c 1 / s 2 \" # ð22Þ\nwhere Rc ¼ 0:30 mm [13] is the cluster mean radius."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["methodology"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1674190066,"citingcorpusid":207159800,"citedcorpusid":6290478,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Molecular findings suggest that copy number variants (CNVs) in genic regions are more common in individuals with ASD compared to controls (as reviewed in Abrahams and Geschwind 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1522251626,"citingcorpusid":126254433,"citedcorpusid":122473651,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Yu concluded that the capillary length and diameter abide by the following relationship (Yu and Cheng 2002; Zheng and Yu 2012):\nLt (d) = d1−DT LDT0 (6) where Lt (d) is the real length of a capillary channel which has a diameter value d , L0 is the characteristic length of the channel, DT is the…","Ke = πDfrmax 3+DT A24−DT L0DT−1 (3 − Df + DT) − πDfrmaxDf a1 a3a4μT A22−DT L0DT−1\n( p\nL0\n)a4 (20)\nYu and Cheng (2002) had proposed a fractal permeability model without considering the effect of boundary layer."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3777372865,"citingcorpusid":23151112,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1967144228,"citingcorpusid":22190866,"citedcorpusid":29344187,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Molecules are used for the measurement of the electron electric dipole moment [17], measurements of parity violation in chiral molecules [18], tests of fifth forces [19] and QED [20], and measurements of fundamental constants [21] and their possible variation [22–25]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3941943033,"citingcorpusid":22190866,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A design for trapping molecules on a microchip was first presented in 2008 by Meek et al. [39] and only minor improvements have been done ever since.","Picture of the microchip used by Meek et al.[38, 39].","Such a minimum in the electric field strength is a trap for lfs.[38] A picture of the chip used by Meek et al.","Such a minimum in the electric field strength is a trap for lfs.[38] A picture of the chip used by Meek et al. is shown in Fig.","For the electrodes configuration chosen by Meek et al., the applied potentials that generate the smoothly moving traps are six approximately harmonic functions."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],["methodology"],null,null]}
{"citationid":1180562485,"citingcorpusid":178641081,"citedcorpusid":96233772,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["El mecanismo mencionado de la inclinación de la dislocación fue observado experimentalmente por los autores del artículo [23]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3847948255,"citingcorpusid":251043913,"citedcorpusid":206725043,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Gemmatimonas occur at a higher frequency in healthy plants than in diseased plants and most likely play a key role in pathogen antagonism and biocontrol programs (Yin et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3224496826,"citingcorpusid":225138890,"citedcorpusid":136716373,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In all cases, the “atypical” response was assigned to a failure mechanism controlled by the mean stress.(21) Although the observed behavior may be “atypical” for composites, it is quite common in neat thermoplastic polymers, as well as in short-fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites,(24,26) synthetic fibers and ropes.","Reproduced from Miyano et al.(21) 1948 Journal of Composite Materials 55(14)","Reproduced from Miyano et al.21\nextremely low stress levels.31,32 Since we will be focusing on the stress-dependence of failure, degradation will be excluded for now.","05) and static loading (R1⁄4 1) for a transversely loaded UD laminate.(21) At low temperature, lifetime clearly decreases with decreasing stress ratio, whereas at high temperature the opposite trend is observed."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":847948605,"citingcorpusid":12007681,"citedcorpusid":16056716,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…made to visual targets just after appearing) and memory-guided saccades (saccades made to visual target locations according to the memory just after disappearing), have been conventionally applied to PD (Briand et al., 1999; Crawford et al., 1989; Terao et al., 2011, 2013; Matsumoto et al., 2012).","In PD, memory-guided saccades are markedly impaired, whereas visually guided saccades are relatively spared (Terao et al., 2013).","memory-guided saccades are markedly impaired, whereas visually guided saccades are relatively spared (Terao et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2085355581,"citingcorpusid":83476609,"citedcorpusid":39542290,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", [6] who described a timeand protein synthesis-dependent appearance of contractile reactivity to DABK in rabbit aorta following 2 - 3 h of tissue incubation in physiological buffer.","The kinin B1 receptor was first defined as mediating the contractile effect of kinins in the rabbit isolated aorta [6]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3708086603,"citingcorpusid":247731137,"citedcorpusid":220892657,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, CTLA4 rs231775 was identified as a key genetic locus in Egyptian patients with AA (Ismail et al., 2020)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3875671698,"citingcorpusid":251669364,"citedcorpusid":221034248,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In line with this, exercise has been proposed as an effective treatment strategy for NAFLD through various mechanisms, such as the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and anti-inflammatory mediators and through the regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated pathways [33, 34]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1043139219,"citingcorpusid":106560132,"citedcorpusid":108951423,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Studies using driving simulators are quite appropriate in examining issues related to work zones without increasing traffic congestion or decreasing safety (e.g, Morgan and Hancock, 2010, and Bella, 2005)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1684706263,"citingcorpusid":119316075,"citedcorpusid":3176232,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["More generally, any semidirect product operad P oG in the sense of [Salvatore and Wahl 2003] is an example of a G-operad in our sense."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1609052424,"citingcorpusid":203610208,"citedcorpusid":3176232,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["ProjC L C(X;X) is a non-unital framed E 2-algebra making its homology a non-unital Batalin-Vilkovisky algebra. For the framed little disk operad, its categorical algebras and its homology we refer to [SW03]. 24 5.3 The equivariant case: Dierential graded little bundles algebras Based on the discussion of the derived Verlinde algebra and its motivation by topological eld theory, we can suggest, for a gi"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2611923400,"citingcorpusid":129442086,"citedcorpusid":49732742,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2007]. Astronomical obliquity changes are thought to drive large-scaleredistributionofvolatilesovertheplanet’ssurface on time scales of 10 4 to 10 6 years [ Toon et al., 1980;  Pollack and Toon, 1982; Jakosky et al., 1995; Head et al., 2003; Levrard et al., 2004].","Astronomical obliquity changes are thought to drive large-scale redistribution of volatiles over the planet’s surface on time scales of 104 to 106 years [Toon et al., 1980; Pollack and Toon, 1982; Jakosky et al., 1995; Head et al., 2003; Levrard et al., 2004]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2611923577,"citingcorpusid":129442086,"citedcorpusid":120251973,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Ice stability models which are consistent with these Odyssey observations predict that any ground ice below 1 m would generally be stable above 45 –55 latitude in the climate of the presentday [e.g., Mellon and Jakosky, 1993; Mellon et al., 2004; Chamberlain and Boynton, 2007].","Ice stability modelswhichareconsistentwiththeseOdysseyobservations predict that any ground ice below 1 m would generally be stable above 45–55 latitude in the climate of the presentday [e.g., Mellon and Jakosky, 1993;  Mellon et al., 2004;  Chamberlain and Boynton, 2007]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":924942303,"citingcorpusid":20393684,"citedcorpusid":43051097,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some PR10 homologs were shown to display antifungal activities in different plant species [68,69]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3439618392,"citingcorpusid":234171201,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is concluded that reducibility of the evolution system (1) to the ODE system due to the ansatz (14), CLBS (5) and DC (9) of system (1) is, in some sense, equivalent [42, 43].","The reduction theorem for CLBS of the evolution system is constructed in [42], which generalizes the one for scalar evolution equation [10]."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":1945538064,"citingcorpusid":143528750,"citedcorpusid":143263392,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…working on this subject tend to agree that the dominant model of balanced news reporting used by the American media today is not well suited to presenting complex and multidimensional scientific findings (see especially Boykoff & Boykoff, 2007; Boykoff & Rajan, 2007; Freudenberg & Muselli, 2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3742029785,"citingcorpusid":247316203,"citedcorpusid":57467442,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Spirituality has been described as innately human and embraces issues of meaning, purpose and hope (Rogers et al., 2020; Wattis et al., 2017)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3742030062,"citingcorpusid":247316203,"citedcorpusid":4926883,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Spirituality has been shown to have a protective impact on resilience (Sharma et al., 2017; Walsh, 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2418145078,"citingcorpusid":82229778,"citedcorpusid":3334912,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A direct strategy depending on targeting tumor cells with chemotherapeutic agents has dominated the field of cancer therapy for several years [11] however, this strategy was also toxic to the non-malignant cells and would eventually develop resistance [12]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":925882945,"citingcorpusid":59608653,"citedcorpusid":1164659,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The treatment options for patients with advanced, unresectable, or metastatic melanoma, especially BRAF-V600E/K mutant melanoma which comprises ∼50% of the cases, have changed dramatically over a short period of time (6).","In patients with BRAF-mutant, BRAF-inhibitor-refractory disease checkpoint inhibitors against PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) and CTLA4 (ipilimumab) have demonstrated efficacy (6, 7, 9, 10)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2722821347,"citingcorpusid":85609217,"citedcorpusid":24957112,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Finalmente, o cérebro contém\naltos níveis de ferro, o qual tem sido referido como importante elemento associado à\nprodução de radicais livres e injúria neural (Herbert et al., 1994)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2722821061,"citingcorpusid":85609217,"citedcorpusid":4325974,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Durante a atividade neuronal, é estimado\nque o zinco atinja um pico de concentração sináptica de 10-100 µM (Vogt et al., 2000),\npodendo chegar a níveis ainda maiores após uma atividade sináptica aumentada (Assaf &\nChung, 1984; Howell et al., 1984; Molnar & Nadler, 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2228004363,"citingcorpusid":144634135,"citedcorpusid":146884030,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…be distinguished in evolutionary thinking about economic and organizational phenomena: the Neo-Schumpeterian school (e.g. Nelson, 1995, 2006, 2007; Nelson & Winter, 1982, 2002), the line of work based on Witt’s so-called ‘continuity hypothesis’ (e.g. Cordes, 2006, 2007; Witt, 2003, 2004, 2006,…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":908308803,"citingcorpusid":11903257,"citedcorpusid":10704307,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…caused by Fnn, have been reported in Atlantic cod and Atlantic salmon in Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom (UK), Denmark, and Ireland (Ottem et al., 2007b, 2008; Zerihun et al., 2011; Ruane et al., 2013), while Fno has been diagnosed using molecular methods\nFrontiers in Microbiology…","…in July 2007, a comparative characterization of a single Francisella sp. strain recovered from farmed Norwegian Atlantic cod (G. morhua) was made with the type strain of F. philomiragia, in that study the cod isolate was classified as a novel species named F. piscicida (Ottem et al. (2007b).","In Europe outbreaks of francisellosis caused by Fnn, have been reported in Atlantic cod and Atlantic salmon in Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom (UK), Denmark, and Ireland (Ottem et al., 2007b, 2008; Zerihun et al., 2011; Ruane et al., 2013), while Fno has been diagnosed using molecular methods\nFrontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 2 December 2017 | Volume 8 | Article 2324\nin Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) in the UK (Jeffery et al., 2010) and isolated from ornamental Malawi cichlids in Austria (Lewisch et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":806239766,"citingcorpusid":3433080,"citedcorpusid":26476212,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is also indicated that the stromal mononuclear cells play an important role in the evolution of giant cells.(13,14) Osteopontin is a non-collagenous protein and a highly phosphorylated sialoprotein with high capacity to bind to calcium, and is produced by differentiating osteoblasts, differentiated osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4108981650,"citingcorpusid":258583458,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["At the present time, technology advancements regarding high voltage pulse (HVP) destructions of solid materials are commonly based on two mechanisms, known as the electrohydraulic effect and electro-dynamic breakage [1,2]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1179491920,"citingcorpusid":173991382,"citedcorpusid":30712468,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["26 Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research ¦ Volume 10 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ January-March 2019 or less.[5] Considering the increased use of breast cancer screening such as mammography, more patients are expected to be diagnosed with breast cancer at an early stage."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":965901284,"citingcorpusid":73529441,"citedcorpusid":30960315,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The most recent studies in animal models indicate a peripheral autonomic neuropathy for BD in UFS (7,8).","The nonsense mutation in HPSE2 gene of our patient has been formerly defined in two Turkish brothers (8)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":56051932,"citingcorpusid":9789641,"citedcorpusid":13918640,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["3 Uni cation with Constants Following [29], we also reformulate uni cation with constants as uni cation in C(E).","Constants Following 29], we also reformulate uniication with constants as uniication in C(E).","We shall now consider examples of commutative theories where the signature contains some additional function symbols (see [29, 3] for more examples)."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2522417096,"citingcorpusid":23960027,"citedcorpusid":205091545,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…events and did not improve quality of life (Singh et al, 2006) and the TREAT (Trial to Reduce Cardiovascular Events With Aranesp Therapy) study by Pfeffer et al (2009), demonstrated that patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease were at greater risk of stroke following ESA administration…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":11540192,"citingcorpusid":13803964,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In 70% of cases there is a single renal artery supplying each kidney [1].","Mesonephric and Metanephric arteries persist to supply upper and lower poles [1,2,5]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1057782874,"citingcorpusid":103394356,"citedcorpusid":101429441,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, the toxicity, difficult biodegradability and high cost are some of their disadvantages [5].","The resulting equation has been used by other authors with satisfactory outcomes [4-15]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2660489818,"citingcorpusid":129596292,"citedcorpusid":129847524,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Between 12 and 10 Ma, an important northeast– southwestern to east–west extension occurred coupled with the transference of Baja California to the Pacific Plate (Angelier et al. 1981; Stock & Hodges 1989), thus starting the opening of the protogulf of California (Stock & Hodges 1989).","At 28–25 Ma the North America and Pacific Plates were already in contact in California (Atwater 1970; Stock & Hodges 1989) and, subsequently, formed the Rivera and Mendocino triple points."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3706376013,"citingcorpusid":129596292,"citedcorpusid":98648013,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The relatively high contents in Ti, Zr and Nb of the analyzed rocks are in accordance with the compositions of calcalkaline basalts and volcanic arc rocks, and the richest rocks in Ti and Zr (Pilares Fm.) have a MORB affinity (e.g. Rollinson 1993).","All the REE patterns, even that of Quaternary volcanism, exhibit a\nrelative depletion in heavy REE, characteristic of magmas formed by partial melting of mantle (e.g. Rollinson 1993) in magmatic arcs (e.g. Wilson 1989)."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2091173548,"citingcorpusid":219356565,"citedcorpusid":14777485,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Good summaries and\nother noteworthy research into the topic can be found in Young (2002), Bosworth, Bryant, and Burtless (2004), and Arnott and Chaves (2012).","Good summaries and other noteworthy research into the topic can be found in Young (2002), Bosworth, Bryant, and Burtless (2004), and Arnott and Chaves (2012). Furthermore, the major global economies are also aging rapidly:","Good summaries and other noteworthy research into the topic can be found in Young (2002), Bosworth, Bryant, and Burtless (2004), and Arnott and Chaves (2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":805073687,"citingcorpusid":12216384,"citedcorpusid":15900816,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["trachomatis and this is consistent with previous findings in The Gambia and elsewhere in Africa.(22,36,37) Tests for current infection with other ocular pathogens were not performed.","A single sample (L120) was positive by C. trachomatis/Neisseria gonorrhoeae (CT/NG) Amplicor (F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland) for current ocular infection with C. trachomatis and this is consistent with previous findings in The Gambia and elsewhere in Africa.22,36,37 Tests for current infection with other ocular pathogens were not performed.","This has revealed a map of the immunodominant C. trachomatis antigens in trachoma From the 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; 2Department of Microbiology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; 3Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; and 4MRC Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia, West Africa."],"intents":[["result"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":411062289,"citingcorpusid":7821128,"citedcorpusid":14301228,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Based on these index pages we analyzed how similarity between chemical entities is computed [4].","[4] analyzed these different measures and found that they often produce entirely uncorrelated result lists.","These results confirmed the experiments in [4] showing that fingerprint-based measures are not suitable for context searches."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":2214181577,"citingcorpusid":158742677,"citedcorpusid":167444911,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Taking the establishment and maintenance of the trading relationship in contract farming as an example, Xia et al (2009) [6] found that the development of the cooperation between brokers and farmers was important to promote the development of contract farming."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2214181439,"citingcorpusid":158742677,"citedcorpusid":153854670,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, if the market price is higher than the contract price, they would like to sell products to the others not the rural brokers[2]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1791568475,"citingcorpusid":211084025,"citedcorpusid":15961708,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Whereas one study showed that antenatal depression was associated with both higher internalizing behavior and more behavioral problems at the age of 3 (14), others did not report such an association at the same age (15, 16)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":789087420,"citingcorpusid":7479610,"citedcorpusid":20840492,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These changes in activity parallel a “spotlight” of attention whose location and size changes as new information becomes available (James, 1890; Posner, 1980;  Eriksen and Yeh, 1985;  Eriksen and St. James, 1986; Posner and Petersen, 1990)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2221214047,"citingcorpusid":144949780,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For additional aspects in the anti-Jewish campaign, including bodies that did not conflate anti-Zionism with anti-Semitism, consult Jankowski, 1984; Kramer, pp. 146–54; Gershoni, 1999."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":919556709,"citingcorpusid":12555379,"citedcorpusid":17356771,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Of these mechanisms proposed to explain mitochondrial gene rearrangements, the TDRL model is generally considered the most popular and important in vertebrates [9,23,24,28,29].","In other words, large-scale gene rearrangements cannot readily yield integrated evidence for the TDRL model [9,23,24,28,29]."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":972764106,"citingcorpusid":14691463,"citedcorpusid":60960512,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["As knowledgeabout the XML data is gained, for example because the two partners involved in the data exchange agreed on acommon DTD or XML-Schema, XMill's settings can be tuned to achieve even better compression.","They were designed keeping the XML-Schema in mind [33, 5], and it is relatively straightforward togenerate them from a given XML-Schema.","The amount of necessary main memory used by the3Such descriptions can also be extracted from an XML schema language (such as XML-Schema [33, 5]).2\npruned, reversed DataGuide is small for most practical cases, and we also observed a signi cant compressiontime improvement over DataGuides.","XMill does not need schema information (such as a DTD or an XML-Schema), but can exploithints about such a schema in order to further improve the compression ratio.","They were designed keeping the XML-Schema in mind [33, 5], and it is relatively straightforward to generate them from a given XML-Schema.","The amount of necessary main memory used by the 3Such descriptions can also be extracted from an XML schema language (such as XML-Schema [33, 5])."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3228354660,"citingcorpusid":231202194,"citedcorpusid":16203994,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["and restore its function still remains uncertain, especially when the gap between the two ends of the transected nerve is greater than 5  mm, which had been evidenced to lead to an impossibility in spontaneous regeneration of the axon [12], and also made the direct neurorhaphy unrealistic [13, 14]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":142206662,"citingcorpusid":4508263,"citedcorpusid":13681025,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Experimental studies in rabbit and porcine eyes have shown an approximate increase in corneal rigidity by 70% after CCL.(11) A clinical study of 22 cases showed the stabilization of keratoconus with 4-year follow-up.","The technique of CCL by the photosensitizer, similar to\nphotopolymerization in polymers, has been previously described.10,20 Experimental studies in rabbit and porcine eyes have shown an approximate increase in corneal rigidity by 70% after CCL.11 A clinical study of 22 cases showed the stabilization of keratoconus with 4-year follow-up."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":1674673928,"citingcorpusid":205661066,"citedcorpusid":13681025,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This agrees with Greenstein et al10 and Raiskup-Wolf et al9 who reported an improvement in the corneal shape after CXL. Previous studies on ORA measurements before and after CXL have shown no significant change in the CH and CRF values.16,31 The ORA\nprovides dynamic measurements that describe the mechanical inertia and viscous properties of the cornea.","This leads to the formation of new covalent bonds between collagen fibrils, thereby stiffening the corneal stroma.8 Flattening and regularization of the conical corneal shape with reduction in myopia and astigmatism are noted as favorable side effects of CXL in some eyes.9,10 Studies have demonstrated that CH and CRF measurements are significantly lower in KC eyes.11–15 Although ex vivo studies have established an increase in corneal stiffness after CXL, no studies have reported a significant increase in ORA parameters, CH and CRF, after CXL.8,16 In normal eyes, CH and CRF are known to be influenced by the corneal thickness, being higher in thicker corneas probably because of increased collagen.17 Some studies have reported on corneal structural parameters affecting CH and CRF in normal eyes3,4,17,18; however, few studies have reported on keratoconic and crosslinked KC eyes.11,16,19 The Pentacam is a rotating Scheimpflug camera (Oculus Inc, Wetzlar, Germany) that is routinely used for evaluating the cornea and diagnosing keratoconus.","This leads to the formation of new covalent bonds between collagen fibrils, thereby stiffening the corneal stroma.(8) Flattening and regularization of the conical corneal shape with reduction in myopia and astigmatism are noted as favorable side effects of CXL in some eyes.","Although ex vivo studies have established an increase in corneal stiffness after CXL, no studies have reported a significant increase in ORA parameters, CH and CRF, after CXL.(8,16) In normal eyes, CH and CRF are known to be influenced by the corneal thickness, being higher in thicker corneas probably because of increased collagen.","In a multiple regression model, Gkika et al16 noted insignificant associations between corneal thickness and curvature values and ORA parameters before and after CXL."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1162391900,"citingcorpusid":164661492,"citedcorpusid":13681025,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Depuis son apparition au début des années 2000 (2)(3), le cross-linking du collagène cornéen est apparu comme le traitement de référence pour ralentir ou stopper la progression du kératocône et de l'ensemble des maladies ectasiantes de la cornée (4-10) en renforçant la rigidité cornéenne et plus particulièrement le stroma antérieur (11)(12)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":40223963,"citingcorpusid":27483585,"citedcorpusid":13681025,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["More recently, crosslinking of corneal collagen by the photosensitizer riboflavin and UVA light has been shown to increase corneal mechanical and biochemical stability [9,14,15] and to stabilize the cornea in keratoconus in clinical studies [16,17]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3290426869,"citingcorpusid":26597264,"citedcorpusid":26696483,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Suicide rates among non-white Americans (Seiden, 1981; Woodbury et al., 1988), Indians (Adityanjee, 1986; Bhatia et al., 1987), Jordanians (Daradekh, 1989), Indian immigrants to the U.K. (Raleigh et al., 1990; Needleman et al., 1997) and some east European countries (Sartorius, 1995) declined with increasing age.","(Raleigh et al., 1990; Needleman et al., 1997) and some east European countries (Sartorius, 1995) declined with increasing age.","…non-white Americans (Seiden, 1981; Woodbury et al., 1988), Indians (Adityanjee, 1986; Bhatia et al., 1987), Jordanians (Daradekh, 1989), Indian immigrants to the U.K. (Raleigh et al., 1990; Needleman et al., 1997) and some east European countries (Sartorius, 1995) declined with increasing age."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":852285741,"citingcorpusid":2055510,"citedcorpusid":13681025,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It has been shown to induce measurement error by tonometry(7) and is associated with corneal diseases(8,9) and treatment.(10) Clinical studies on corneal biomechanics have been accelerated since the launch of 2 noncontact tonometers, the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA; Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments, Buffalo, NY) and the Corvis ST (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3290426866,"citingcorpusid":26597264,"citedcorpusid":5202784,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…and different regions within a country (Shah and Ganesvaran, 1994; Wasserman et al., 2005); some countries have poor death registration facilities (Shah and Ganesvaran, 1994); and cultural and religious factors and the stigma attached to suicide may lead to under-reporting of suicides (Abraham et…",", 2005); some countries have poor death registration facilities (Shah and Ganesvaran, 1994); and cultural and religious factors and the stigma attached to suicide may lead to under-reporting of suicides (Abraham et al.",", 2005); the legal criteria for the proof of suicide varies between countries and different regions within a country (Shah and Ganesvaran, 1994; Wasserman et al., 2005); some countries have poor death registration facilities (Shah and Ganesvaran, 1994); and cultural and religious factors and the stigma attached to suicide may lead to under-reporting of suicides (Abraham et al.","…1989; Wasserman et al., 2005); the legal criteria for the proof of suicide varies between countries and different regions within a country (Shah and Ganesvaran, 1994; Wasserman et al., 2005); some countries have poor death registration facilities (Shah and Ganesvaran, 1994); and cultural…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2418545776,"citingcorpusid":12420064,"citedcorpusid":13681025,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["%) and in Young’s modulus (increased 4.5 times) after CXL assessed using stress-strain measurements (Wollensak et al. 2003b).","N IH -PA Author M anuscript\nN IH -PA Author M anuscript\nINTRODUCTION Corneal collagen cross linking (CXL) treatment is based on a photo-chemical reaction between ultraviolet light-A (UV-A) and riboflavin (Wollensak et al. 2003a, Wollensak et al. 2003b, Wollensak.","1999, Wollensak et al. 2003b, Wollensak and Iomdina.","This minimally invasive procedure increases the mechanical strength of the cornea, thereby stabilizing corneal ectatic disorders such as keratoconus and iatrogenic keratectasia (after corneal refractive surgery) (Wollensak et al. 2003a, Wollensak et al. 2003b, Wollensak.","A land mark report by Wollensak et al (2003) demonstrates significant increase in corneal stiffness (increased by 328.9"],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2642083513,"citingcorpusid":153783367,"citedcorpusid":153332588,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The theoretical literature on lobbying considers questions such as (1) how interest groups get access to decision-makers (Beyers 2004;  Bouwen 2002, 2004;  Eising 2007), (2) whether interest groups should lobby friends or foes 1 (Austen-Smith and Wright 1992; 1994;"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1837899148,"citingcorpusid":212765907,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Research has found that perceivers can also form accurate impressions of other relatively stable individual differences such as intelligence (e.g., Murphy, Hall, & Colvin, 2003), self-esteem (Kilianski, 2008), narcissism (Buffardi & Campbell, 2008), and aggressiveness (Kenny, et al., 2007).",", Murphy, Hall, & Colvin, 2003), self-esteem (Kilianski, 2008), narcissism (Buffardi & Campbell, 2008), and aggressiveness (Kenny, et al."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3676094992,"citingcorpusid":243847663,"citedcorpusid":37805457,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Data boosting can encode prior knowledge about data or task-specific invariances, act as a regulariser to prevent overfitting, and can improve model robustness [26]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1556480377,"citingcorpusid":117920469,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We can easily check that if ω is a faithful valuation on E , then ω is non-atomic if and only if E is atomless (a G E with α φ 0 is an atom of E if and only iî b < a,b e E ^ b = 0 or b = a [5]).","1 [1,2,5,13,14], An e f f e c t algebra (£7; φ , 0,1) is a structure consisting of a set E, two special elements 0 and 1, and a partially defined binary operation Θ on Ε χ E satisfying the following conditions for a, ft, c E E: (1) If α Θ δ is defined, then b φ a is defined and a θ b = b Θ α.","The categorical equivalence of a difference poset and an effect algebra is discussed in [5] and some of its properties and examples are studied in [3, 4; see also 5]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2564202686,"citingcorpusid":167877035,"citedcorpusid":153826659,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many studies have explored the negative bias among consumers towards developing countries and their products (Gaedeke, 1973; Wang and Lamb, 1983; Crawford and Lumpkin, 1993; Kaynak et al., 2000; Jaffe and Nebenzahl, 2001; Papadopoulos and Heslop, 2002; Wang and Chen, 2004; Heslop et al., 2004; Hamzaoui and Merunka, 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":204989833,"citingcorpusid":16130706,"citedcorpusid":2593723,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["macginleyi to be associated with ocular infections, such as conjunctivitis and endophthalmitis [3, 4]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2176161188,"citingcorpusid":4963663,"citedcorpusid":144339170,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, Kelly (2008) explores the internal liminal space of ‘‘living loss’’ experienced by family members, caregivers, and the terminally ill themselves; van der Geest (2006) examines how liminality is exploited by the mortuary business in contemporary Ghana; and Froggatt (1997) uses the concept of liminality to explain how the modern hospice movement works to obscure life–death boundaries. In this article, we look especially at how conceptualizing bereavement as a liminal process, caught in between what Howarth (2000) argues are socially constructed boundaries of life and death, may help us to understand what is experienced by the surviving spouse in the wake of an intimate marital relationship.","…members, caregivers, and the terminally ill themselves; van der Geest (2006) examines how liminality is exploited by the mortuary business in contemporary Ghana; and Froggatt (1997) uses the concept of liminality to explain how the modern hospice movement works to obscure life–death boundaries.","For example, Kelly (2008) explores the internal liminal space of ‘‘living loss’’ experienced by family members, caregivers, and the terminally ill themselves; van der Geest (2006) examines how liminality is exploited by the mortuary business in contemporary Ghana; and Froggatt (1997) uses the concept of liminality to explain how the modern hospice movement works to obscure life–death boundaries."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1692534284,"citingcorpusid":207410196,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…sectors of the farming community in those countries but in general has been found to be positively associated with farm size, type of production, gross income levels, age and education (Michailidis et al., 2011; Bardon et al., 2007; Burke and Sewake, 2008; Howell and Harbon, 2004; Warren, 2004).","International comparisons from USA and European Union confirm that adoption and use of ICTs varies among different sectors of the farming community in those countries but in general has been found to be positively associated with farm size, type of production, gross income levels, age and education (Michailidis et al., 2011; Bardon et al., 2007; Burke and Sewake, 2008; Howell and Harbon, 2004; Warren, 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3991485241,"citingcorpusid":254069349,"citedcorpusid":244359500,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(Khan et al., 2021) adapts the Differentiable Neural Computer to predictive monitoring by separating the encoding and decoding phase of the neural model and preventing the decoder to write into the memory during the decoding phase.","…approaches have been proposed, either based on encoder-decoder architectures (Taymouri et al., 2021; Ketykó et al., 2022; Jalayer et al., 2020; Khan et al., 2021), or not (Tax et al., 2017; Evermann et al., 2017; Francescomarino et al., 2017; Weinzierl et al., 2020; Camargo et al., 2019;…"],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3859484809,"citingcorpusid":251230020,"citedcorpusid":743239,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Consequently, if the voltage ratio of the converter is desired to be over five, then two-stage converter based on the boost converter or the buck-boost converter is utilized, or different converter topologies [1-18] are created.","In [14], the voltage-boosting converter has the voltage ratio of 1/(12D) in the continuous conduction mode (CCM), where D is the duty cycle of the main switch."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":26460009,"citingcorpusid":13876203,"citedcorpusid":5404949,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, \nmany of the existing perimeter security techniques such as firewalls, OS or process level security policies, \nanti-virus and intrusion detection and prevention systems are signature-oriented making them ineffective \nagainst novel attacks."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2669059424,"citingcorpusid":122630360,"citedcorpusid":121360257,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In attempts to validate these findings, the data in N84 appeared to be very useful [3, 12].","Large-eddy simulations emerged more than a decade later [1, 12]."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2689347582,"citingcorpusid":122471836,"citedcorpusid":121360257,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Mason and Derbyshire, 1990 ) were rather imperfect due to several reasons: (i) there were few of them, so the dependence should be derived from self-correlated data at different levels within the same model SBL; (ii) the simulations had too coarse resolution to resolve properly all energetic processes, so the turbulent statistics in the model SBL were seriously harmed; (iii) there were no physically correct closure schemes and numerical ..."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2089273067,"citingcorpusid":145249051,"citedcorpusid":144814907,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["BMT is not only a highly effective training method that particularly enhances training transfer (Burke & Hutchins, 2007; Taylor et al., 2005), but it is also highly effective for older adults (Callahan et al., 2003).","A positive development of self-efficacy has frequently been shown in BMT (Bandura, 1986; Gist et al., 1988; Wood & Bandura, 1989), which as a training method, is very successful for older learners (Callahan et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3357856142,"citingcorpusid":145249051,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The scale contained adapted items from time- and self-management literature and from the German translation of the time management behaviour scale\n176 International Journal of Training and Development © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.\n(König & Kleinmann, 2006; Macan, 1994; Seiwert, 2005; Uhlig, 2005)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1843422755,"citingcorpusid":213833587,"citedcorpusid":86243389,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["the amount or rate of cutin or wax deposition (Knoche et al., 2011).","It was suggested that GA4þ 7 affects the epidermal and hypodermal tissues (Taylor and Knight, 1986; Knoche et al., 2011; Curry, 2012), but has no effect on the amount or rate of cutin or wax deposition (Knoche et al., 2011).","It has also been shown that GA4þ 7 treatment of ‘Golden Delicious’ fruit has no effect on the amounts or rates of cutin or wax deposition (Knoche et al., 2011).","It was suggested that GA4þ 7 affects the epidermal and hypodermal tissues (Taylor and Knight, 1986; Knoche et al., 2011; Curry, 2012), but has no effect on","In apple, fruit growth follows a sigmoidal extension pattern (Knoche et al., 2011; Knoche and Lang, 2017)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":873059926,"citingcorpusid":15687424,"citedcorpusid":84880824,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["CMR methods combined with the model selection framework available in Program MARK provide great potential for obtaining important demographic information for coral reef species (Wormald and Steele 2008).","Finally, the visual resighting methods removed much of the potential bias common to trapping or other fishing recapture methods (Wormald and Steele 2008).","Further, this method has had little effect on survival when used with other fishes of similar size (Frederick 1997; Malone et al. 1999; Imbert et al. 2007; Wormald and Steele 2008).","Use in studies of coral reef species, however, has been very limited (Curtis and Vincent 2006; Wormald and Steele 2008).","studies of coral reef species, however, has been very limited (Curtis and Vincent 2006; Wormald and Steele 2008)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2330497414,"citingcorpusid":37301399,"citedcorpusid":21790772,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Vanderford et al. (2011) tested different sample preservation approaches (bottle type, temperature and preservation reagents) for 21 analytes (including 20 PPCPs) and observed that the use of amber glass bottles, ascorbic acid, and sodium azide preserved analyte concentrations for 28 days in the matrices when stored at 4 °C."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":2746264096,"citingcorpusid":99979080,"citedcorpusid":92789339,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Mitomycin C (16) may serve as a bifunctional alkylating agent that forms covalent bonds with two DNA strands with a resulting cross-link of the two independent strands [241], but 16 is not able to intercalate into dsDNA."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1859393853,"citingcorpusid":59987758,"citedcorpusid":53831916,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Specifically, LD is a product or artefact in which learning activities are being documented in a way to enable other teachers to understand and implement them in another context (Agostinho, 2006).","Literature on this subject (see, for example, Agostinho, 2006 and Conole, 2008) refers to Learning Design (LD) both as a product and as a process."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3747489125,"citingcorpusid":168757400,"citedcorpusid":82153976,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Growth in Indian dairy sector has been impressive and if the existing growth rate can be sustained, India can pursue export of dairy products more vigorously (Kumar et al. 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2161071860,"citingcorpusid":3833579,"citedcorpusid":26245871,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["OsDof10) 上调倍数较高。另外，定量 RT-PCR\n分析结果表明，水稻 Dof 基因在幼苗期正常生\n长、暗处理、ABA、NaCl和 PEG等胁迫条件下，\n除了 2 个基因 (OsDof9 和 OsDof25) 的表达不\n受任何胁迫的影响和 1 个基因 (OsDof10) 只受\nPEG调节外，其他 27个基因的表达水平在 2种\n及以上胁迫条件下均发生了不同程度的上调或\n下调，暗示水稻 Dof 基因广泛参与各种胁迫的\n应答反应及其逆境信号传递与调控，但其具体\n的作用机制尚不明确，需进一步的深入研究。\n4 展望\n转录因子不但参与植物对生物与非生物胁\n迫的应答，同时还作为信号分子直接调控植物\n的生长发育。转录因子往往通过影响下游一系\n列基因的表达来调控发育过程或响应环境胁\n迫，因此往往是发育调控的“开关分子”，相对于\n其他单基因的操纵，人为控制某些关键转录因\n子的表达更能影响植物在胁迫下的生长和产\n量。随着转录因子功能研究技术与方法的日益\n成熟，众多具有重要生物学功能的转录因子将\n得到深入研究，这为通过操纵转录因子提高农\n作物产量和胁迫抗性提供了可能。尤其是在气\n候灾害频繁威胁农作物生产和产量的今天，通\n过转录因子对农作物进行改良，具有极其重要\n的现实意义。通过基因工程手段导入某些转录\n因子，有望通过触发一系列信号传递过程，激\n发相关转录因子与相应的顺式作用元件的结\n合，从而启动特定基因的表达以对内、外界信\n号作出适应性反应。\n自从 1993年首次从玉米中鉴定报道第一个\n植物 DOF转录因子以来[45]，许多的植物 Dof基\n因被克隆鉴定或从基因组数据库中预测出来。\n从单细胞藻类到高等植物，都有 Dof 基因被鉴\nISSN 1000-3061 CN 11-1998/Q Chin J Biotech May 25, 2016 Vol.32 No.5\nhttp://journals.im.ac.cn/cjbcn\n550\n定的报道。在苔藓植物小立碗藓中预测有 19个\nDof基因，绿藻植物莱因衣藻中预测有 1个 Dof\n基因[46]，蕨类植物中预测有 8 个 Dof 基因。在\n高等植物中，裸子植物火炬松中被预测有 8 个\nDof 基因[47]；拟南芥基因组中存在 37 个 (其中\nAtDofl.9 随后被证明是一个假基因) [24,31]、水稻\n中 30个[27]、白杨中 41个[48]、大麦中 28个[47]、\n大豆中 31 个[16]、面包小麦中 18 个[23]、玉米中\n18 个[33]和高粱中 28[28] 穇；另外，在 子[49]、海\n岸松[50]、甘薯[51]、马铃薯[52]、豌豆[53]和烟草[54]\n等植物中也鉴定到了多个 Dof基因。\n尽管已有研究表明 DOF广泛参与植物生长\n发育调控过程，且部分 Dof基因被克隆。比如，\n在烟草 Nicotian tabacum cv. Xanthi中，有研究\n报道，BBF1 (属于烟草中的 Dof基因) 涉及到许\n多防御相关基因的转录调控，BBF1超表达能够\n促进了活性氧的产生和防御相关基因的表\n达[55]。在白菜 Brassica rapa L. ssp. Pekinensis\n中，已鉴定到了 76个 Dof家族成员，其中 9个\nBraDof 基因进行冷、热、盐和干旱非生物逆境\n胁迫处理，大部分基因在 4 种胁迫处理下均上\n调表达，显示 BraDof转录因子通过复杂的作用\n机制在植物对非生物胁迫抗性中发挥重要作\n用 [25]。在西红柿中，与拟南芥 Cycling DOF\nFactors (CDFs) 同源的西红柿 SlCDF1 和\nSlCDF3主要参与光周期开花响应和非生物逆境\n抗性响应，与野生型植物相比，转基因 SlCDF1\n和 SlCDF3植株抗盐和抗旱性提高[26]。在转基因\n水稻中，超表达 OsDof12 促进早期开花 [56]；\nOsDof3 基因参与赤霉素调控的目的基因的表\n达[37]。在大麦中，HvDof24、HvDof23和 HvDof17\n3 个 HvDof 基因参与调控赤霉素和细胞分裂素\n之间的平衡[57-59]。这些研究证明，植物的 DOF\n家族基因参与植物非生物逆境胁迫应答过程，\n在植物抗逆中具有重要作用。随着基因组学和\n生物信息学的发展及对 DOF蛋白的深入研究，\n越来越多的 DOF蛋白将会被发现、鉴定与克隆，\n这对阐释 DOF蛋白参与作物逆境胁迫响应及在\n抗逆性中的作用和地位具有重要意义。\n如前所述，目前人们对禾本科植物 DOF蛋\n白参与植物生物与非生物逆境响应的机制还极\n不清楚，相关研究大多仍局限在表达部位、亚\n细胞定位和胁迫诱导检测等方面，对其参与逆\n境应答的方式、作用机制及分子调控途径等仍\n未阐明，人们对其功能的认识依然十分有限。\n因此，禾本科粮食作物 DOF家族基因的逆境应\n答机制的阐明，将是未来研究的重要方向之一，\n具有重要科学与现实意义。\nREFERENCES\n[1] Liu LS, White MJ, MacRae TH. Transcription factors and their genes in higher plants: functional domains, evolution and regulation.","机制在植物对非生物胁迫抗性中发挥重要作 用 ([25])。在西红柿中,与拟南芥 Cycling DOF Factors (CDFs) 同源的西红柿 SlCDF1 和 SlCDF3主要参与光周期开花响应和非生物逆境 抗性响应,与野生型植物相比,转基因 SlCDF1 和 SlCDF3植株抗盐和抗旱性提高([26])。在转基因 水稻中,超表达 OsDof12 促进早期开花 ([56]); OsDof3 基因参与赤霉素调控的目的基因的表 达([37])。在大麦中,HvDof24、HvDof23和 HvDof17 3 个 HvDof 基因参与调控赤霉素和细胞分裂素 之间的平衡([57-59])。这些研究证明,植物的 DOF 家族基因参与植物非生物逆境胁迫应答过程,"],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":145364916,"citingcorpusid":4838035,"citedcorpusid":250992,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["______________________________________________________________\nDeposit Guide\nContact: lib-eprints@bbk.ac.uk\nBirkbeck ePrints\nBose, S.; Daripa, A. (2009) A dynamic mechanism and surplus extraction under ambiguit – Journal of Economic Theory 144(5), pp. 2084-2114"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1024660679,"citingcorpusid":35056575,"citedcorpusid":16105535,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Phenological mismatches between plants and pollinators are a commonly-predicted result of climate change (Memmott et al. 2007; Hegland et al. 2009), potentially driving pollen limitation in some early-flowering plants (Rafferty & Ives 2011).","2008), or phenological mismatches due to climate change (Memmott et al. 2007) can potentially threaten this mutualism, either by reducing pollinator diversity or by altering the ability of native pollinators to encounter and successfully pollinate plants."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3556707180,"citingcorpusid":239363963,"citedcorpusid":16105535,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…species and entire communities in multiple ways, by imposing, e.g., phenological shifts (Walther, 2003; Gordo and Sanz, 2009; Bock et al., 2014), physiological temperature stress (Scaven and Rafferty, 2013; Bussotti et al., 2014), and disrupted interactions with mutualists (Memmott et al., 2007).","Combined warming-induced changes in phenology and nectar production can alter plant–pollinator interactions through phenological mismatches and reduced nectar resources available for pollinators (Memmott et al., 2007; Hegland et al., 2009; Petanidou et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1848471105,"citingcorpusid":83249602,"citedcorpusid":16105535,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, small shifts in plant phenology may have large effects on mutualisms, such as those underpinning plantpollinator networks (Memmott et al. 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":47967778,"citingcorpusid":3348480,"citedcorpusid":17066240,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Indeed, in humans the absence or loss of social relationships is accompanied by an increased risk for health issues (Uchino 2006; Uchino et al. 1996; Biondi and Picardi 1996; DeVries et al. 2003; House et al. 1988; Kirschbaum et al. 1995; Cacioppo and Hawkley 2003), including cardiovascular diseases (Ramsay et al.","…risk for health issues (Uchino 2006; Uchino et al. 1996; Biondi and Picardi 1996; DeVries et al. 2003; House et al. 1988; Kirschbaum et al. 1995; Cacioppo and Hawkley 2003), including cardiovascular diseases (Ramsay et al. 2008; Steptoe et al. 2013) and the development of depression (Biondi and…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1925083661,"citingcorpusid":216866136,"citedcorpusid":98234152,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[124], par exemple, met en lumière l’influence des effets de mélange sur la taille des cristaux, en appliquant les modèles de dynamique des fluides à la recristallisation du β-carotène à partir du dichlorométhane.","L’approche dynamique des fluides (CFD – Computational Fluid Dynamics) [124,157,158] est le plus souvent adoptée, puisqu’elle permet de prendre en compte les effets de mélange ou de transfert de matière et de représenter en 2D ou 3D les répartitions locales de température, de composition et même de nombre de particules ainsi que leurs tailles moyennes.","Bien que cela ne reflète pas entièrement la réalité expérimentale, en s’affranchissant du fait que la sursaturation n’est pas homogène dans l’ensemble du volume de l’autoclave [124], la sursaturation globale reste néanmoins un critère permettant d’évaluer la force motrice de cristallisation."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":888660615,"citingcorpusid":51996536,"citedcorpusid":16105535,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Increasingly, disruptions of interspecific interactions such as predator-prey and plant-herbivore dynamics have been observed because seasonal events such as breeding, migration, and flowering, are advancing earlier in the season in some species but not in others (Memmott et al., 2007; Post et al., 2008; Primack et al., 2009).","…interspecific interactions such as predator-prey and plant-herbivore dynamics have been observed because seasonal events such as breeding, migration, and flowering, are advancing earlier in the season in some species but not in others (Memmott et al., 2007; Post et al., 2008; Primack et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":519903335,"citingcorpusid":53072035,"citedcorpusid":127922706,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Bacterial genera implicated so far as of possible concern are: Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Arthrobacter, Acintobacter, Sarcina, Micrococcus, Proteus, Bacillus, and Actinomycites (Geldreich 1996).","Nevertheless, they can interfere in detection of coliform of fecal origin (Geldreich 1996).","This value has been set as a reasonable baseline to indicate a regrowth problem (Geldreich 1996).","For instance, higher temperatures in summer are also often accompanied by increased nutrient levels and turbidities, which have been implicated in increasing regrowth events (Geldreich 1996)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1230555418,"citingcorpusid":125555182,"citedcorpusid":25609197,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the past decades, extensive work has been done by many researchers on the design and analysis of single-phase electricity generation using three-phase induction machines [44, 48-55].","[52] present an enhanced method of Steinmetz connections to provide a single-phase power with reduced voltage regulation and increased power output."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":299462203,"citingcorpusid":16996543,"citedcorpusid":13007077,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2003 ), demonstrating that weathered oil is more toxic and that fish embryos are more sensitive to oil than previously thought.","…work has been quoted by other authors as representing a “new paradigm” in the evaluation of toxicity of PAH to fish early life stages (Rice et al. 2001; Peterson et al. 2003), demonstrating that weathered oil is more toxic and that fish embryos are more sensitive to oil than previously thought."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1669355098,"citingcorpusid":208151430,"citedcorpusid":31413867,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although the main objective of this surgery is the full dental and oral rehabilitation of patients with CLP, it is well known that a shallow vestibule of the grafted area often results from alveolar bone grafting (Boyne and Sands, 1972; Sindet-Pederson and Enemark, 1985)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2573734444,"citingcorpusid":37249365,"citedcorpusid":13007077,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The persistence of oil in intertidal sediments, exposure of vertebrates to that oil, and the chronic population-level effects that were detected through 1998 represented a significant paradigm shift in the way that oil spill effects were perceived (Peterson et al. 2003).","Our results indicate that it took roughly a decade for survival of female harlequin ducks to recover following the Exxon Valdez spill, which is much longer than had been assumed that deleterious effects on wildlife populations would be expressed (Peterson et al. 2003).","The results through 1998 indicated that exposure to oil and subsequent constraints to population recovery occurred over much longer time periods for harlequin ducks than anticipated at the time of the spill (Esler et al. 2002, Peterson et al. 2003).","This puts a timeline on persistence of direct effects that far exceeds conventional assumptions about how long these might be important (Peterson et al. 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1960886587,"citingcorpusid":158073059,"citedcorpusid":13007077,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Prince William Sound and GOA region experienced severe ecological impacts (Paine et al. 1996; Peterson et al. 2003).","Damage to habitat, forage fish, and other lower trophic levels led to longer-term indirect and cascading ecological impacts on the GOA ecosystem (Okey and Pauly 1999; Peterson et al. 2003; Monson et al. 2011; Okey 2004), ultimately impacting communities throughout the region."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":906456742,"citingcorpusid":4059367,"citedcorpusid":13007077,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The discharge of tons of petroleum may cause shifts in the food web through degradation of habitat, population declines, cascading trophic interactions, or changes in behaviour of fish, crustaceans and other organisms [5,18].","ecosystem effects [5] reducing the abundance of benthic fish","Such research efforts highlighted that oil persisted beyond a decade in surprising amounts and in toxic forms, and that acute pollution events could have long-term impacts at the population level [5].","It was not until the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill that the largest investment in oil pollution research to date gave rise to an evaluation of ecological impacts of unprecedented scope and duration [5,6]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1021437321,"citingcorpusid":86334950,"citedcorpusid":13007077,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Oil spilled in the Gulf of Alaska in 1989 still persists after many years in an unweathered state in mussel (Mytilus edulis) beds and in sediment trapped in semi-enclosed bays (Peterson et al., 2003; Rice et al., 2007).","…photo-oxidation will enhance evaporation and reduce the impact of the WAFs but persistence of the slick, continuously releasing the PAHs, will continue to pose a hazard to aquatic animals especially in subtidal areas (Lee & Page, 1997; Rice et al., 2001; Jewett et al., 2002; Peterson et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3806592528,"citingcorpusid":196927472,"citedcorpusid":56375035,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Chen et al., 2009, 2012) The mismatch between model resolution and the footprint of site-level measurements has also been highlighted in previous evaluation efforts in global-scale CTMs (Hardacre et al., 2015; Silva and Heald, 2018)."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3912308286,"citingcorpusid":169653662,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There are some other examples in world for example, in Jamaica, where the film crews are considered as a special type of business tourism (Martens, 2018)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":792878286,"citingcorpusid":23223298,"citedcorpusid":27083797,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Among such genes are those coding for catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) (Egan et al. 2001 ; Chen et al. 2004; Craddock et al. 2006 ; Riley & Kendler, 2006 ; Tunbridge et al. 2006) and brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Sklar et al.","Among such genes are those coding for catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) (Egan et al. 2001 ; Chen et al. 2004; Craddock et al. 2006 ; Riley & Kendler, 2006 ; Tunbridge et al. 2006) and brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Sklar et al. 2002 ; Neves-Pereira et al. 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2121403182,"citingcorpusid":72039920,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In the above case example, should Diane be seen as an ‘unfit mother’ solely because of drug addiction or because of her disability? The danger of this kind of approach is that it can pathologise families and assumptions about the level of risk to a child may be based on these factors alone, without any consideration of the effects of such behaviour on their children (Corby, 1996; Weir and Douglas, 1999).","English and Pecora, 1994; Little and Rixon, 1998), has come to be recognised as having inherent difficulties by others (Browne, 1995; Corby, 1996; DOH, 2000).","The search for a perfect checklist which might make risk assessment an exact science, though not completely dismissed by some (e.g. English and Pecora, 1994; Little and Rixon, 1998), has come to be recognised as having inherent difficulties by others (Browne, 1995; Corby, 1996; DOH, 2000).","The danger of this kind of approach is that it can pathologise families and assumptions about the level of risk to a child may be based on these factors alone, without any consideration of the effects of such behaviour on their children (Corby, 1996; Weir and Douglas, 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":958262676,"citingcorpusid":16143149,"citedcorpusid":19257926,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The TAM receptor family was discovered as one of the most recent tyrosine kinase receptor families [4, 5].","Frequently a correlation with poor prognosis and advanced tumor stage is found [5]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3359147818,"citingcorpusid":235343556,"citedcorpusid":116277255,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The FLR and ROAM methodologies (IUCN and WRI, 2014) are now well accepted as the basis for FLR."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1222596813,"citingcorpusid":129128586,"citedcorpusid":128910994,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Nevertheless, according to a recent investigation on the genetic mechanisms of CH4 from different (volcanic, hydrothermal, hypothermal) fluid discharges in central and southern Italy (Tassi et al., 2012) and in the absence of other geochemical evidences, the most likely origin for CH4 in the Montecatini-type fluids could be related to thermal degradation processes of preexisting organic matter buried in sediments.","…investigation on the genetic mechanisms of CH4 from different (volcanic, hydrothermal, hypothermal) fluid discharges in central and southern Italy (Tassi et al., 2012) and in the absence of other geochemical evidences, the most likely origin for CH4 in the Montecatini-type fluids could be related…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":246043477,"citingcorpusid":51824521,"citedcorpusid":144224205,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…to the development of the so-called Global Agenda for Social Work and Social Development, whose key objective is to link the personal to the global, the theory to the practice and the regional to the local, thus contributing to the redefinition of social policies globally (Jones and Truell, 2012).","The new challenges we face have led to the development of the so-called Global Agenda for Social Work and Social Development, whose key objective is to link the personal to the global, the theory to the practice and the regional to the local, thus contributing to the redefinition of social policies globally (Jones and Truell, 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3501806932,"citingcorpusid":237732225,"citedcorpusid":85977210,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The values of HWC in peats were similar to the values reported by Kalisz et al. (2010) in peats and murshes or Mueller et al. (2007), but the values were lower than the values reported by Heller and Zeitz (2012)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":369762979,"citingcorpusid":18238917,"citedcorpusid":16653633,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Control structure A unified formation control structure can be seen in [1].","Et(k): the RMSE of formation’s centre’s tracking error; Ef(k): the RMSE of all robots’ position error in the formation coordinates, it represent the formation shape precision; The detailed definition and calculation formulas could be found in [1]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":369763079,"citingcorpusid":18238917,"citedcorpusid":1530066,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Ogren transferred formation control from a multi-constraint mission control to an individual stability problem, The Lyapunov function was used to analysis the stability of virtual structure method[6]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1546409368,"citingcorpusid":56345401,"citedcorpusid":1003455,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The hexane extract of the bark of A. mearnsii showed potent antibacterial activity against E. coli with MIC value of 10.0 mg/ml and the results were\nalmost similar to those of hexane extracts of the bark of Ficus congensis reported by Alaribe et al. (2011) with MIC values of 8.0 mg/ml.","According to Alaribe et al. (2011) the same bacterial species was not inhibited by the extract."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":296771606,"citingcorpusid":16993416,"citedcorpusid":1948185,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["05% L-cysteine or in modified Garches medium as described previously (4, 40).","The therapeutic efficacies of these practices have been confirmed by clinical treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal disorders (4)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1032967414,"citingcorpusid":25631516,"citedcorpusid":1948185,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To be good candidates for probiotic use, the selected LAB must meet many criteria, including acid and bile tolerance, the abilities to adhere to the gut epithelial mucosa and colonize themselves in the microflora ecosystem to compete with detrimental organisms, and the ability to secrete antimicrobial substances [13, 24]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2169035569,"citingcorpusid":13721119,"citedcorpusid":4965062,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Inhibition of IFN-β protein translation has been described as a ZIKV immune evasion mechanism in human dendritic cells (Bowen et al., 2017), although the mechanism currently remains unknown.","Our experiments suggested that ZIKV-Dak-MA acquired an ability to minimize induction of type I IFN yet still remained sensitive to the antiviral effects of exogenous or paracrinederived IFN, likely because of its inability to bind to and degrade mouse Stat2 (Bowen et al., 2017; Grant et al., 2016; Kumar et al., 2016; Tripathi et al., 2017).","We combined the pathogenic features of this adapted strain with hSTAT2 KI mice, which overcome the inherent inability of ZIKV strains to bind and degrade mouse Stat2 (Bowen et al., 2017; Grant et al., 2016; Kumar et al., 2016), to generate an immunocompetent small animal model of ZIKV pathogenesis.","Our data is consistent with a recent study in human dendritic cells showing that ZIKV evades type I IFN immunity in part by diminishing translation of IFN-β protein (Bowen et al., 2017).","Inhibition of IFN-b protein translation has been described as a ZIKV immune evasion mechanism in human dendritic cells (Bowen et al., 2017), although the mechanism currently remains unknown.","(legend continued on next page)\nIFN-b protein (Bowen et al., 2017).","…an ability to minimize induction of type I IFN yet still remained sensitive to the antiviral effects of exogenous or paracrine-derived IFN, likely because of its inability to bind to and degrade mouse Stat2 (Bowen et al., 2017; Grant et al., 2016; Kumar et al., 2016; Tripathi et al., 2017).","The precise means by which changes in NS4B sequence differentially affect IFN-β translation remains undetermined, as the mechanism by which ZIKV diminishes translation of IFN-β protein (Bowen et al., 2017) is unknown.","Although the ZIKV NS5 protein evades the human IFN signaling response by binding to and degrading STAT2, it is unable to bind efficiently to mouse Stat2 and thus lacks the ability to antagonize the mouse IFN response (Bowen et al., 2017; Grant et al., 2016; Kumar et al., 2016).","The precise means by which changes in NS4B sequence differentially affect IFN-b translation remain undetermined, as the mechanism by which ZIKV diminishes translation of IFN-b protein (Bowen et al., 2017) is unknown."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["result"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1195670773,"citingcorpusid":89820889,"citedcorpusid":4965062,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Expression of LGP2 (laboratory of genetics and physiology 2), another RLR, is induced after ZIKV infection of human DCs [29].","Furthermore, ZIKV antagonized type I interferon signaling downstream of the type I interferon receptor by targeting STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation [29].","In contrast, induction of IFN-b mRNA expression was observed in human DCs infected by ZIKV without increase of protein secretion nor restriction of virus replication [29].","Furthermore, ZIKV infection of human peripheral dendritic cells (DCs) induced RIG-I and MDA5 expression [29].","Recent works showed that dermal fibroblasts, epidermal keratinocytes and DCs were highly permissive to ZIKVand then involved in the initiation of the immune response to the infection despite that human foreskin fibroblast cells has been reported to be not permissive for ZIKV infection [21,29,32]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2216455757,"citingcorpusid":88515401,"citedcorpusid":145500747,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although MI was designed initially for public-use datasets, over the years it has become a method of choice in general, because it separates the handling missingness from conducting analysis (e.g., Tu et al., 1993; Rubin, 1996, 2004; Schafer, 1999; King et al., 2001; Peugh and Enders, 2004; Kenward and Carpenter, 2007; Rose and Fraser, 2008; Holan et al., 2010; Kim and Yang, 2017)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1014023984,"citingcorpusid":83423949,"citedcorpusid":129210618,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The third effects are numerical changes in the genome, aneuploidy and/or polyploidy (Cajaraville et al., 2003; Mohanty et al., 2011).","…approaches especially polymerase chain reaction (PCR) basedtechniques such as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and single stranded conformational polymorphisms (SSCP)(Tice et al., 2000; Cajaraville et al., 2003; Atienzar and Jha, 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2731678417,"citingcorpusid":15138958,"citedcorpusid":98505438,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Fisher and Michl, 1987; Squillacote et al., 1979; Engeln et al., 1992; Carreira, 1975; Lipnick and Garbisch, 1973) and through simulations (Murcko et al., 1996; De Maré et al., 1997; Sancho-Garcı́a et al., 2001a; Sancho-Garcı́a et al., 2001b), and hence there is data available for comparison."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2340194670,"citingcorpusid":154050008,"citedcorpusid":153215389,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(e.g., Samadhi and Warouw, 2009; Aspinall and Mietzner, 2010; Hadiz, 2010; Winters, 2011).","…respected Freedom House and other objective observers, many students and democratic activists, especially in Indonesia itself, assert that Indonesia’s democratic performance has been poor or unsatisfactory (e.g., Samadhi and Warouw, 2009; Aspinall and Mietzner, 2010; Hadiz, 2010; Winters, 2011)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":145670765,"citingcorpusid":4575808,"citedcorpusid":22213028,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, the French criteria included clonazepam, clorazepate, and prazepam in the subclass of longacting benzodiazepines (half life≥ 20 h) as unlisted in the Beers list (Bongue et al. 2009).","For example, the French criteria included clonazepam , clorazepate, and prazepam in the subclass of longacting benzodiazepines (half life ≥ 20 h) as unlisted in the Beers list (Bongue et al. 2009)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":843881794,"citingcorpusid":29992196,"citedcorpusid":162178265,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However, ownership rates have been high, which does not necessarily translate into use [8,10,18 - 20].","However, this high ITN utilisation contradicts the findings of a previous study in which low ITN use was reported among pregnant women attending private and public clinics in Lagos State [10].","Studies have reported ITN use much lower than the RBM targets [9,10].","In Lagos, Nigeria, ITN coverage was 11.2% and 37.5% in public and in private clinics, respectively [10]."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":916310313,"citingcorpusid":28324689,"citedcorpusid":84297381,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The life cycle is complex and comprises of a number of stages, including a comparatively short lecithotrophic pelagic larval stage, which limits the opportunity for dispersal (McShane 1992; Tarr 1995; Geiger 2000)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1700998104,"citingcorpusid":131280093,"citedcorpusid":84297381,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["midae can take as long as 30 years to reach its maximum growth of approximately 200mm shell length (Tarr 1995).","A maximum annual harvest of 386 tonnes was then imposed in 1968, and reduced to 227 tonnes in 1970 (Tarr 1995).","In natural stocks an inverse relationship between maximum abalone size and average sea temperature was proven to exist by Tarr among others (Tarr 1995)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":798335378,"citingcorpusid":26924186,"citedcorpusid":22523611,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, not only is uric acid a marker of catabolic rate, but some authors suggest that increased serum levels of uric acid may promote arteriolosclerosis [22], atherosclerosis [23] and organ damage [24], perhaps by exerting a deleterious effect on endothelial cell function [25]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":836446870,"citingcorpusid":1304724,"citedcorpusid":2855447,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The FT locus is also enriched with the H3K27me3 mark, and LIKE-HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) is an effector protein that binds to H3K27me3 and reduces its expression [76]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":933773966,"citingcorpusid":28949190,"citedcorpusid":34648556,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(7) established the efficacy of L-DOPA by the oral administration of a relatively large doses ( 3 - 1 6 g) of Land DL-form, and clarified that the unfavorable and side effects were markedly reduced by the use of L-form."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":927293901,"citingcorpusid":46942404,"citedcorpusid":22576840,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These results indicate that both the closed (AMPPNP bound) and open (Sti1 bound) conformation of Hsp90 interacts with LA1011.","It appears that binding to Hsp90 activates its ATPase activity and that these compounds appear to bind Hsp90 to both the open (Sti1 bound) and closed conformation of Hsp90 (Hsp90-AMPPNP).","Finally, binding of the yeast co-chaperone Sti1 to Hsp90 was not\ncompromised by LA1011 (Kd = 0.32 ± 0.01µM) (Figure 4D), when compared to previous studies showing that Sti1 binds yeast Hsp90 with a similar affinity (Kd= 0.33± 0.03µM) (Prodromou et al., 1999).","The concentration of components used in ITC experiments were based on previous experiments showing how Hsp90 interacts with nucleotide, Sba1 and Sti1 (Siligardi et al., 2004; Prodromou et al., 2009; Vaughan et al., 2009).","Additionally, 3.8 µL aliquots of 90µM Sti1 were injected into 6µM Hsp90 containing 1mM LA1011."],"intents":[null,null,null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":1792703397,"citingcorpusid":5849850,"citedcorpusid":19623953,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["reported that Kenyan men having only an occasionally job were less likely to participate in MCH services [12].","Age and marital status: Most studies reported that older age and cohabiting were associated with male involvement [8,10-13,42-44].","Financial constraints: Financial constraints of clients and health facilities have been identified as impacting health services uptake and male participation [3,12-14,46,47].","Certain women too, do not like to be seen with their male partner attending the ANC service [12,26].","found that the distance that the male partners have to travel to the clinics for participating in the education, HIV tests and counseling, the costs of the transport to the clinics and the amount of time per appointment at the clinic were identified as barriers to male involvement [12].","main bread winners, establishing their buy-in and support for PMTCT activities and interventions is critical [9-14].","Cultural: In several studies cultural standards were identified as barriers for male involvement [11-14].","A study conducted in Kenya showed that certain male clients trust traditional healers but not hospitals and therefore do not attend ANC clinics [12].","Permanent PMTCT services would facilitate the services’ uptake even for men with difficult work schedules [10,12].","Others consider participating in couple counseling as male involvement [9,11-13]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":903864334,"citingcorpusid":17814999,"citedcorpusid":9725265,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…United States (1993, 2011), China (1998) [Zong and Chen, 2000], United Kingdom (2000 [Marsh and Dale, 2002], 2003 [Marsh, 2004]), Pakistan (2010) [Webster et al., 2011], Europe (1995, 2002 [Ulbrich et al., 2003a, 2003b], 2010 [Bissolli et al., 2011]), and Thailand (2011) highlight the importance…","Precipitation predictability associated with tropical moisture exports and circulation patterns for a major flood in France in 1995\nMengqian Lu,1,2 Upmanu Lall,1,2 Aur elien Schwartz,3 and HyunHan Kwon4\nReceived 5 April 2013; revised 28 August 2013; accepted 29 August 2013; published 7 October 2013."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3347563925,"citingcorpusid":235078589,"citedcorpusid":149579919,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The significance of traditional authority has not changed, and most Ghanaians today cannot imagine a community without a chief (Tieleman & Uitermark 2018).","This emphasises the evolving roles of chiefs to keep pace with modernity and urbanisation (Tieleman and Uitermark 2018) as many chiefs in Ghana are highly educated and duly qualified to perform such roles.","In the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the British government established a bifurcated state (Tieleman & Uitermark 2018), with the established civil service coexisting with the traditional system."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":293348889,"citingcorpusid":5507703,"citedcorpusid":5053881,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, rotation around the C5-N7 and N7-C8 bonds creates a mixture of Z and E formamido isomers that can adopt different rotameric states [Burgdorf and Carell, 2002; Lukin et al., 2011, 2012; Jena and Mishra, 2013; Jena et al., 2014]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2027977159,"citingcorpusid":210456348,"citedcorpusid":16797765,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These commitments align with South Africa’s vision as outlined in the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) (1994) and the National Development Plan (NDP) 2030 (2012). The central aim of the RDP was to ensure that the quality of life of all South Africans be improved.","These commitments align with South Africa’s vision as outlined in the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) (1994) and the National Development Plan (NDP) 2030 (2012)."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":3499336961,"citingcorpusid":237565682,"citedcorpusid":148842566,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In many cases, the subject suffering from mental disorder finds it difficult to adjust her sense-making so that it is more in line with the situation at hand, and “this difficulty in adjusting and attuning typically results in overly rigid patterns of interaction” (de Haan, 2017).","Building on the ideas of de Haan (2017), I propose that we understand the proximate or immediate cause of mental disorder as a disordered pattern of\nsense-making.","However, one limitation of the biopsychosocial model is that it does not explain how these aspects relate, nor does it explicitly acknowledge the existential aspect of mental disorder (de Haan, 2017).","Along these lines, de Haan (2017) has argued that there is a kind of sense-making that is underdetermined by biological meanings and values and concerns the way in which people relate to themselves, their world, and other people.","The various biological, psychological, social, and existential dimensions thereby “can be reconceived as standing in a part-whole constitutive relation rather than a causal one” (de Haan, 2017, p. 531).","First, there must be a recurring and more or less stable pattern in how someone’s sense-making as “gone astray,” so that “the way in which the person makes sense of her world is biased in a specific direction” (de Haan, 2017) and her engagement and responsiveness to the world is distorted.","According to de Haan (2017), mental disorders are disorders of existential sense-making, that is, “disorders of the way in which people relate to themselves, their world, and/or other people” (p. 533).","To understand psychiatric disorders, we need to look at the dynamics of this complex person-world system over time (de Haan, 2017, p. 532).","While biological sense-making discloses a valenced environment for living organisms, existential sensemaking discloses a much richer, value-imbued world for reflexive beings such as human persons (de Haan, 2017, p. 532).","That is, disruptions to what de Haan (2017) terms\n‘existential sense-making’ are fully bound up with disruptions to living bodily dynamics, including those associated with skin conductance, the respiratory system, and the digestive system.","Food is no longer merely food, and clothes do not merely keep us warm (de Haan, 2017); instead, what counts as “normal” and “adaptive” is highly socioculturally dependent."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3483089764,"citingcorpusid":237565682,"citedcorpusid":141483260,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The guiding idea is that each disorder can be classified as a disease entity and validated “through the discovery of a discrete, identifiable biological ‘essence’” (Broome & Bortolotti, 2009, p. 26); and one organ above all is regarded as the cause or locus of mental disorder: the brain.","…relational nature of sense-making and mental disorder, the enactivist approach acknowledges that “psychopathology\nmay be consequent on factors external to the brain” (Broome & Bortolotti, 2009, p. 36); there is a sense, then, in which the cause of mental disorder extends out into the social world."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3275515614,"citingcorpusid":132261501,"citedcorpusid":95708326,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Prasad Saripalli et al. [2001] reviewed experimental case studies with a focus on identifying the significant chemical processes, primarily multispecies precipitation/dissolution, that cause changes in hydrological properties, such as porosity and hydraulic conductivity, in porous and fractured media.","Prasad Saripalli et al. [2001] reviewed experimental case studies with a focus on identifying the significant chemical processes, primarily multispecies precipitation/dissolution, that cause changes in hydrological properties, such as porosity and hydraulic conductivity, in porous and fractured media. The emphasis was on feedbacks between transport and chemical reaction, to predict patterns of global changes in the system. The authors broadly characterized available modeling approaches and related numerical implementations in terms of batch geochemical equilibrium or reaction path models, and geochemical flow models that couple advective transport to mineral precipitation and dissolution processes. Prasad Saripalli et al. [2001] concluded by noting the need to develop models that effectively integrate chemical reaction dynamics, with concurrent changes in structural and hydrological properties and associated constitutive relationships."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":786963188,"citingcorpusid":7347752,"citedcorpusid":154936510,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["SCM has evolved from traditional command and control, vertical hierarchy based organization to one structured around process units (van Hoek et al., 2001).","Therefore, agility is becoming important as it is all about ‘customer responsiveness and mastering market turbulences’ (van Hoek et al., 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1732708115,"citingcorpusid":209963930,"citedcorpusid":119553592,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, the study of fracture mechanics, load transfer, and stress concentrations of mentioned structures are another examples of mentioned structures in the field of solid mechanics [9-12]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":431565265,"citingcorpusid":18874099,"citedcorpusid":165367697,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Using medical chart data from a sample of 100 males receiving inpatient PG treatment at a Veterans Administration Hospital, Graham and Lowenfeld cluster analyzed MMPI profiles and generated four distinct clusters of gamblers. The first cluster, which represented a personality disordered profile, included individuals described as immature, rebellious, restless, grandiose, and hostile, and who were also seen as having emotional problems. The second cluster, which was characterized by heightened paranoia, represented a type of gambler described as suspicious, jealous, rigid, and withdrawn. In addition, this subtype was considered irritable and hostile and prone to excessive alcohol use. The paranoid pathological gambler was deemed the most psychopathological of Graham and Lowenfeld (1986) clusters. The third cluster demonstrated a MMPI profile with a combination of depressive or anxious symptoms and alcoholism. This group was hypothesized to respond better than other gamblers to traditional outpatient treatment. Finally, the passive–aggressive or emotionally unstable personality cluster of gamblers tended to be impulsive, immature, and irresponsible. In addition, this pathological gambler had low frustration tolerance and was often moody, tense, and depressed. Their history of impaired academic and vocational adjustment suggested this group was the most antisocial of Graham and Lowenfeld's PG clusters. Although Graham and Lowenfeld's taxonomy provides a basis for understanding psychopathology among gamblers, they did not validate these clusters by comparing them using additional independent variables. Graham and Lowenfeld (1986) suggested that future studies should determine if maladaptive personality characteristics emerged before the onset of gambling problems and contributed to them or vice versa. However, as we discuss later, no subsequent studies have attempted to answer these questions. They also concluded that, given that other patients with similar MMPI profiles did not develop disordered gambling, variables such as family history of gambling, availability of gambling activities, and reinforcement contingencies in the environment deserved greater consideration in future research on the etiology of PG. In reviewing previous research on PG, including the work of Graham and Lowenfeld (1986), McCormick (1987) concluded that PGs vary tremendously in their presentations and motivations for gambling.","Lesieur & Blume (1991) Empirical Crosssectional Gamblers anonymous 50 (100% female) Structured clinical interview Escape seekers Action seekers Gonzalez-Ibanez (1994) Empirical Crosssectional; cluster analysis Pathological gambling treatment 60 (100% male) EIS-7 SCL-90-R SSS Cluster 1 (Low psychopathology, impulsiveness, sensation seeking) Cluster 2 (Elevated anxiety/depression, low impulsivity and sensation seeking)","Using medical chart data from a sample of 100 males receiving inpatient PG treatment at a Veterans Administration Hospital, Graham and Lowenfeld cluster analyzed MMPI profiles and generated four distinct clusters of gamblers. The first cluster, which represented a personality disordered profile, included individuals described as immature, rebellious, restless, grandiose, and hostile, and who were also seen as having emotional problems. The second cluster, which was characterized by heightened paranoia, represented a type of gambler described as suspicious, jealous, rigid, and withdrawn. In addition, this subtype was considered irritable and hostile and prone to excessive alcohol use. The paranoid pathological gambler was deemed the most psychopathological of Graham and Lowenfeld (1986) clusters. The third cluster demonstrated a MMPI profile with a combination of depressive or anxious symptoms and alcoholism. This group was hypothesized to respond better than other gamblers to traditional outpatient treatment. Finally, the passive–aggressive or emotionally unstable personality cluster of gamblers tended to be impulsive, immature, and irresponsible. In addition, this pathological gambler had low frustration tolerance and was often moody, tense, and depressed. Their history of impaired academic and vocational adjustment suggested this group was the most antisocial of Graham and Lowenfeld's PG clusters. Although Graham and Lowenfeld's taxonomy provides a basis for understanding psychopathology among gamblers, they did not validate these clusters by comparing them using additional independent variables. Graham and Lowenfeld (1986) suggested that future studies should determine if maladaptive personality characteristics emerged before the onset of gambling problems and contributed to them or vice versa. However, as we discuss later, no subsequent studies have attempted to answer these questions. They also concluded that, given that other patients with similar MMPI profiles did not develop disordered gambling, variables such as family history of gambling, availability of gambling activities, and reinforcement contingencies in the environment deserved greater consideration in future research on the etiology of PG. In reviewing previous research on PG, including the work of Graham and Lowenfeld (1986), McCormick (1987) concluded that PGs vary tremendously in their presentations and motivations for gambling. This variability, he noted, hinders the development of a theoretical framework from which reliable and valid generalizations about PG can bemade. McCormick suggested the literature at the time supported generalization at the level of subtypes, however, and there may be both explanatory value and clinical utility to conceptualizing subtypes of gamblers. In an attempt to integrate the literature on the differential motivations of PGs into a parsimoniousmodel, McCormick used “psychological observations” to derive two clinically meaningful subtypes of PGs. Accordingly, he presented a PG classification system based on the “need state” that drives and is satisfied by gambling behavior. The two subtypes he postulated are both characterized by chronic states of hypoarousal but are differentiated according to the presence of depression or boredom proneness. Gamblers in the first subtype, which he referred to as the recurringly depressed gambler, experience depression that predates disordered gambling and tend to have histories of childhood traumatic experiences. Pervasive depressogenic cognitive styles, interacting with biochemical abnormalities, are considered instrumental in establishing a need state in this type of gambler that is relieved by the affect-enhancing excitement produced by gambling. For the recurringly depressed gambler, gambling serves the function of providing a euphoria that allows him or her to escape dysphoric feelings. Gamblers in the second subtype, which McCormick called the chronically understimulated gambler, do not experience dysphoria but rather excessive boredom, low frustration tolerance, and a need for constant and varied stimulation. These gamblers also exhibit deficiencies in impulse control and may have narcissistic personality traits. The inherent arousal produced by gambling acts as a reinforcer for this type of gambler, reducing his or her boredom and consequently perpetuating continued gambling. McCormick's (1987) subtyping scheme emphasized the importance of both psychological and physiological factors in the development of PG.","For example, building on an earlier study with a smaller sample (Gonzalez-Ibanez, 1994), GonzalezIbanez and colleagues (Gonzalez-Ibanez et al., 2003) cluster analyzed responses from 110 treatment-seeking male PGs on the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R; Derogatis et al., 1973) and the Sensation…","Using medical chart data from a sample of 100 males receiving inpatient PG treatment at a Veterans Administration Hospital, Graham and Lowenfeld cluster analyzed MMPI profiles and generated four distinct clusters of gamblers. The first cluster, which represented a personality disordered profile, included individuals described as immature, rebellious, restless, grandiose, and hostile, and who were also seen as having emotional problems. The second cluster, which was characterized by heightened paranoia, represented a type of gambler described as suspicious, jealous, rigid, and withdrawn. In addition, this subtype was considered irritable and hostile and prone to excessive alcohol use. The paranoid pathological gambler was deemed the most psychopathological of Graham and Lowenfeld (1986) clusters. The third cluster demonstrated a MMPI profile with a combination of depressive or anxious symptoms and alcoholism. This group was hypothesized to respond better than other gamblers to traditional outpatient treatment. Finally, the passive–aggressive or emotionally unstable personality cluster of gamblers tended to be impulsive, immature, and irresponsible. In addition, this pathological gambler had low frustration tolerance and was often moody, tense, and depressed. Their history of impaired academic and vocational adjustment suggested this group was the most antisocial of Graham and Lowenfeld's PG clusters. Although Graham and Lowenfeld's taxonomy provides a basis for understanding psychopathology among gamblers, they did not validate these clusters by comparing them using additional independent variables. Graham and Lowenfeld (1986) suggested that future studies should determine if maladaptive personality characteristics emerged before the onset of gambling problems and contributed to them or vice versa. However, as we discuss later, no subsequent studies have attempted to answer these questions. They also concluded that, given that other patients with similar MMPI profiles did not develop disordered gambling, variables such as family history of gambling, availability of gambling activities, and reinforcement contingencies in the environment deserved greater consideration in future research on the etiology of PG. In reviewing previous research on PG, including the work of Graham and Lowenfeld (1986), McCormick (1987) concluded that PGs vary tremendously in their presentations and motivations for gambling. This variability, he noted, hinders the development of a theoretical framework from which reliable and valid generalizations about PG can bemade. McCormick suggested the literature at the time supported generalization at the level of subtypes, however, and there may be both explanatory value and clinical utility to conceptualizing subtypes of gamblers. In an attempt to integrate the literature on the differential motivations of PGs into a parsimoniousmodel, McCormick used “psychological observations” to derive two clinically meaningful subtypes of PGs. Accordingly, he presented a PG classification system based on the “need state” that drives and is satisfied by gambling behavior. The two subtypes he postulated are both characterized by chronic states of hypoarousal but are differentiated according to the presence of depression or boredom proneness. Gamblers in the first subtype, which he referred to as the recurringly depressed gambler, experience depression that predates disordered gambling and tend to have histories of childhood traumatic experiences. Pervasive depressogenic cognitive styles, interacting with biochemical abnormalities, are considered instrumental in establishing a need state in this type of gambler that is relieved by the affect-enhancing excitement produced by gambling. For the recurringly depressed gambler, gambling serves the function of providing a euphoria that allows him or her to escape dysphoric feelings. Gamblers in the second subtype, which McCormick called the chronically understimulated gambler, do not experience dysphoria but rather excessive boredom, low frustration tolerance, and a need for constant and varied stimulation. These gamblers also exhibit deficiencies in impulse control and may have narcissistic personality traits. The inherent arousal produced by gambling acts as a reinforcer for this type of gambler, reducing his or her boredom and consequently perpetuating continued gambling. McCormick's (1987) subtyping scheme emphasized the importance of both psychological and physiological factors in the development of PG. He noted the model is general enough to be consistent with the data available at the time, yet he hoped it would be empirically investigated. Existing empirical research appears to support both the recurringly depressed gambler (Linden, Pope & Jonas, 1986; Ramirez, McCormick & Lowy, 1988) and the chronically understimulated gambler (Goldstein, Manowitz, Nora, Swartzburg, & Carlton, 1985; Rugle & Melamed, 1993). Furthermore, McCormick's PG model is consistent with Jacobs' (1986) general theory of addiction, which proposes that abnormal physiological resting states (i.","Furthermore, this type of gambler appears to be captured by Gonzalez and colleagues' (Gonzalez-Ibanez, 1994; Gonzalez-Ibanez et al., 2003) third PG cluster as well as Bonnaire et al.'s (2009) first subgroup of PGs, both of which consist of gamblers reporting relatively elevated levels of…","Furthermore, this type of gambler appears to be captured by Gonzalez and colleagues' (Gonzalez-Ibanez, 1994; Gonzalez-Ibanez et al., 2003) third PG cluster as well as Bonnaire et al.","Using medical chart data from a sample of 100 males receiving inpatient PG treatment at a Veterans Administration Hospital, Graham and Lowenfeld cluster analyzed MMPI profiles and generated four distinct clusters of gamblers. The first cluster, which represented a personality disordered profile, included individuals described as immature, rebellious, restless, grandiose, and hostile, and who were also seen as having emotional problems. The second cluster, which was characterized by heightened paranoia, represented a type of gambler described as suspicious, jealous, rigid, and withdrawn. In addition, this subtype was considered irritable and hostile and prone to excessive alcohol use. The paranoid pathological gambler was deemed the most psychopathological of Graham and Lowenfeld (1986) clusters.","Using medical chart data from a sample of 100 males receiving inpatient PG treatment at a Veterans Administration Hospital, Graham and Lowenfeld cluster analyzed MMPI profiles and generated four distinct clusters of gamblers.","Using medical chart data from a sample of 100 males receiving inpatient PG treatment at a Veterans Administration Hospital, Graham and Lowenfeld cluster analyzed MMPI profiles and generated four distinct clusters of gamblers. The first cluster, which represented a personality disordered profile, included individuals described as immature, rebellious, restless, grandiose, and hostile, and who were also seen as having emotional problems. The second cluster, which was characterized by heightened paranoia, represented a type of gambler described as suspicious, jealous, rigid, and withdrawn. In addition, this subtype was considered irritable and hostile and prone to excessive alcohol use. The paranoid pathological gambler was deemed the most psychopathological of Graham and Lowenfeld (1986) clusters. The third cluster demonstrated a MMPI profile with a combination of depressive or anxious symptoms and alcoholism. This group was hypothesized to respond better than other gamblers to traditional outpatient treatment. Finally, the passive–aggressive or emotionally unstable personality cluster of gamblers tended to be impulsive, immature, and irresponsible. In addition, this pathological gambler had low frustration tolerance and was often moody, tense, and depressed. Their history of impaired academic and vocational adjustment suggested this group was the most antisocial of Graham and Lowenfeld's PG clusters. Although Graham and Lowenfeld's taxonomy provides a basis for understanding psychopathology among gamblers, they did not validate these clusters by comparing them using additional independent variables. Graham and Lowenfeld (1986) suggested that future studies should determine if maladaptive personality characteristics emerged before the onset of gambling problems and contributed to them or vice versa.","Furthermore, this gambler is captured by Gonzalez-Ibanez and colleagues' (Gonzalez-Ibanez, 1994; Gonzalez-Ibanez et al., 2003) first PG cluster as well as Bonnaire et al.'s (2009) third subgroup of PGs, both of which are characterized by little psychopathology and low impulsivity or sensation…","For example, building on an earlier study with a smaller sample (Gonzalez-Ibanez, 1994), GonzalezIbanez and colleagues (Gonzalez-Ibanez et al.","Behaviorally conditioned Subcultural (Moran, 1970) Cluster 1 (Gonzalez-Ibanez, 1994; Gonzalez-Ibanez et al., 2003) Normal (Lesieur, 2001) Social (Stewart & Zack, 2008)"],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["result"],null,["background"],["background"],null,null,null,["methodology"],["result"],null]}
{"citationid":928119768,"citingcorpusid":13449564,"citedcorpusid":44707597,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Typically, bacterial meningitis causes massive neutrophil infiltrates in the leptomeninges and intraparenchymal vasculitis is characterized by perivascular neutrophil infiltration [28, 35].","Inflammatory cells in the subarachnoid space are able to cross the pia matter and access the subpial space under certain pathological conditions [28].","From the subpial space the cells can reach the parenchymal basal lamina of the cortex and the perivascular spaces of cortical arterioles, since the Virchow–Robin space is communicated to the subpial space [28, 37, 54]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2258105180,"citingcorpusid":10676430,"citedcorpusid":6124871,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Based on this safety level, Kuiper-Goodman et al. (2010) also conducted a health risk assessment of OTA for all agesex strata in the Canadian population.","Health Canada’s proposed MLs were based on a risk assessment by Kuiper-Goodman et al. (2010) that assumed that OTA could have genotoxic effects; thus, a cancer-based risk assessment approach was used.","A negligible cancer risk intake (NCRI) was calculated and defined as ‘the exposure associated with a risk level of 1:100,000 and equivalent in units to a tolerable daily intake (TDI)’ (Kuiper-Goodman et al. 2010).","The EC Scientific Committee for Food suggested a TDI of 5 ng/kg bw/day for OTA, which indicates that the calculated exposures and OTA associated health risks are minimal in both the EU and US populations."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],["methodology"],null]}
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{"citationid":862485861,"citingcorpusid":13997321,"citedcorpusid":25368392,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Clinical protocols for this procedure may vary between institutes because the radiocolloid injection site for SLNB is still a matter of controversy [13-17].","The radiocolloid injection site for SLNB is still a matter of controversy [13,14,16,17]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":145307520,"citingcorpusid":30499160,"citedcorpusid":75437,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[35] used alternation of participants as a method of randomisation but did not define the method of concealment.","[35] found most participants in both intervention groups reported local pain or discomfort that started on the day of injection and subsided gradually, however no other complications of either injection therapy were reported.","[35] for management of plantar faciopathy.","[35] PF 1 1 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 12 Moderate B","[35] Autologous platelet-rich plasma versus dextrose prolotherapy for the treatment of chronic recalcitrant plantar fasciitis.","[35] reporting a small short-term (SMD −0.","[35] found the mean Foot Function Index total and subcategory score improvements were greater in the platelet-rich plasma group (30.","[35] were two exceptions, however concealment was implied but not defined in both studies.","[35] compared the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma with prolotherapy injections in 21 participants with chronic recalcitrant plantar fasciopathy aged from 19 to 57 years.","[35]); and prolotherapy as the only intervention with no control group (Ryan et al."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],null,null,["background"],null,["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4068953073,"citingcorpusid":252172600,"citedcorpusid":69562537,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Due to the strong power impact of the pulsed load, it will bring the following effects and challenges to the stable operation of the airborne power system: 1) the repeated loading and unloading effect of the pulsed load can easily cause oscillations in the electromechanical system and even lead to shaft-broken accidents of the generator [6]; 2) the voltage flicker, frequency fluctuation, and harmonic current caused by the pulsed load affect the operation of other loads [7]; and 3) the power rating of the system, including the generator, power conversion equipment, and transmission lines, must be increased to meet the instantaneous power demand of the pulsed load."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1029607261,"citingcorpusid":92835342,"citedcorpusid":82263847,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["During tauco fermentation process especially during the initial mold growth, the pH rises as soybean protein is hydrolyzed to peptides, peptones, and free amino acids [Steinkraus 1995]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":43636026,"citingcorpusid":51985120,"citedcorpusid":7169570,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The technique is based on temporal tracking of back-reflected secondary speckle patterns generated while illuminating different spots of the throat with respect to the vocal cords location [3–6]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3640498559,"citingcorpusid":245712390,"citedcorpusid":6516769,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Horny (2000), as cited in Adebayo (2014), opined that rustic advancement guarantees the modernization of the rural culture and the modification from its conventional disconnection to incorporate with the nationwide budget.","Policy transparency, on the other hand, implies being open to the public about what government goals are in a specific policy area, in which results are to be accomplished and the expenses of accomplishing such results (Adebayo, 2014).","Adebayo (2014) explored local government and the challenges of rural development in Nigeria from 1999 to 2014."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3581571957,"citingcorpusid":240521586,"citedcorpusid":179051814,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(X. 14) sz. kormányha‐ tározat, amely alapján az akkori kormányzat ezer kilométer hosszú pálya ‐ szakaszon tervezte a vasúti közlekedés megszüntetését (Komlós 2003; Szabó 2009), ám ezt végül nem hajtottak végre.","A vonalbezárások során jellemzően a vasútmegszüntetések tovagyűrűző területfejlesztési hatásait (települések visszafejlődése, munkaerőmozgás stb.) sem vették gyelembe (Komlós 2003)."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":1951439944,"citingcorpusid":218535762,"citedcorpusid":9823436,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Briefing note – the case for LPG taxis [20] Calor 2015 Diesel United Kingdom Comparative Emission Analysis of Gasoline/LPG Automotive Bifuel Engine [21] R."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2976085814,"citingcorpusid":222175267,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The results obtained in this study corroborate with those obtained by Santos et al. (2011) and Szareski et al. (2015) and Szareski et al. (2016), where both authors evidenced that the magnitude of seeds obtained by pod is different, being dependent on the genetic constitution of the genotype and…","However, genotypes are recommended for large crop regions, but may show higher variation or performance, when allocated to microregions with specificedaphoclimatic characteristics (Szareski et al., 2016a)."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3770430893,"citingcorpusid":249135880,"citedcorpusid":153296680,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…agrees to settle, regulators install a compliance monitor who independently oversees the design and implementation of a compliance program for the organization; the compliance monitor then retreats afterward once the organization has satisfactorily improved its compliance level (Ford & Hess, 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":790341097,"citingcorpusid":23183838,"citedcorpusid":40980634,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Large amounts of carboxylates can also be exuded in the absence of specialized structures such as cluster roots and dauciform roots, e.g. in a range of Kennedia species (Fabaceae) from south-western Australia (Ryan et al., 2012).","These species without cluster roots differ vastly in the amount of carboxylates they release, but what they have in common is that their carboxylate exudation is reduced in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which colonize the roots of some Kennedia species (Ryan et al., 2012).","in a range of Kennedia species (Fabaceae) from south-western Australia (Ryan et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":272157513,"citingcorpusid":20278981,"citedcorpusid":22951540,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", squat 1 RM) [33, 34, 37, 48–53].",", jumping, throwing [48–55]).",", Y-balance test) [39, 53]."],"intents":[null,null,null]}
{"citationid":2438943685,"citingcorpusid":12999457,"citedcorpusid":40980634,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…at the highest treatments\nSeveral studies have shown that mycorrhizal colonization enhances P uptake of plants (Koide, 1991; Jakobsen et al., 1992; Ryan et al., 2012), and when P supply increases the percentage of root colonization typically decreases (Pairunan et al., 1980; Bougher et al., 1990;…","…we aimed to determine a ‘turning point’ where the carbon-demanding cluster-root strategy is replaced by the strategy of scavenging mycorrhizal association, similar to what has been observed for carboxylate-exuding Kennedia species (Fabaceae) that do not form cluster roots (Ryan et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":880975143,"citingcorpusid":4909273,"citedcorpusid":40980634,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Indeed, both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal species can release carboxylates, and combinations of nutrientacquisition strategies can exist side by side (e.g., Ryan et al. 2012; Zemunik et al. 2015).","The high leaf [Mn] in some mycorrhizal species, however, suggests that some of those species may deploy a carboxylate-releasing strategy, similar to that observed in various Kennedia species, all of which are (arbuscular) mycorrhizal (Ryan et al. 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1798259978,"citingcorpusid":21517042,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many different methodologies, both manual and automated, have been proposed to aid in acquiring expert knowledge [3,8,20,28].","6 Induction techniques also are used to acquire domain knowledge without involving human experts [20,28]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3007233903,"citingcorpusid":122979629,"citedcorpusid":121566209,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Colton and Monk [2] use the far field scattering pattern in the frequency domain.","The time interval forsone round-trip through the entire cylinder is s E [0, 2]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1934613683,"citingcorpusid":201390004,"citedcorpusid":147252566,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, just a small and necessarily incomplete sampling of such work includes work by scholars such as Michael Dumas (2016a, 2016b), Vivian Gadsden and Ezekiel Dixon-Román (2016), David Gilborn (2005, 2015), Gloria Ladson-Billings (2006, 2009), Zeus Leonardo (2009, 2013), DannyMartin (2009),…","In 1994, Michael Omi and Howard Winant published the first edition of Racial Formation in the United States.","For example, just a small and necessarily incomplete sampling of such work includes work by scholars such as Michael Dumas (2016a, 2016b), Vivian Gadsden and Ezekiel Dixon-Román (2016), David Gilborn (2005, 2015), Gloria Ladson-Billings (2006, 2009), Zeus Leonardo (2009, 2013), DannyMartin (2009), Carla O’Connor (O’Connor, 1999; O’Connor, Hill, & Robinson, 2009; O’Connor, Mueller, L’Heureux Lewis, & Rosenberg, 2011), Natasha Warikoo (2016) among many, many others."],"intents":[["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":578499575,"citingcorpusid":54916028,"citedcorpusid":144213795,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["New representations and expectations have been progressively attached to this policy, following the changes in wetland mitigation policy in the United States during the 1990s (Robertson, 2000, 2004, 2006) and the setting of the no-net-loss objective.","Wetlands were to some extent commoditized through a process that has been described by Robertson (2000) as an “incomplete capitalization of nature”.","As already mentioned, Robertson (2000) described the development of mitigation banking as a process of incomplete capitalization of nature."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1823697066,"citingcorpusid":212587370,"citedcorpusid":30633523,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["If R is set of all image pixels, then by applying segmentation get different-different unique regions like {R 1 ,R 2 ,R 3 ,..,R n } which when combined formed the image R. Pal and Pal [1] provided a review on various image segmentation techniques."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1636236832,"citingcorpusid":22743785,"citedcorpusid":6059940,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 1993), blocks the effect of me tabotropic glutamate receptor activation in rat brain\nslices (Glaum and Miller, 1993), inhibits release of\ncorticotropin-releasing hormone in cell culture (Parkes et aI.",", 1993), blocks the effect of me­ tabotropic glutamate receptor activation in rat brain slices (Glaum and Miller, 1993), inhibits release of"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3230821431,"citingcorpusid":231617815,"citedcorpusid":109917608,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["An example from the taxonomy of art actors, for example, an artist can have various expertise in music, dance, fine arts, or others[1]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1848648923,"citingcorpusid":34103565,"citedcorpusid":82242055,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It has been attributed to amyloid, although this has never been confirmed pathologically.(8,9) Bilateral posterior stromal scarring with edema severe enough to warrant corneal transplant has not been previously described in MWS."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2722044728,"citingcorpusid":55931183,"citedcorpusid":155043203,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Oehmke and Crawford (2002) note that the approach used by Alston et al. (1995) and Falck-\nZepeda et al. (2000) to calculate the K-shift in the supply function is very sensitive to the value chosen for the supply elasticity and suggest that greater efforts should be made to obtain more direct…"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":317790688,"citingcorpusid":6711284,"citedcorpusid":5991111,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The non-isolated topologies of [2]–[6] suffer from the problem of extra conduction losses due to secondary power loop current.","A comparison is made in [6] for different input to output voltage ratios between the push-pull topology [2] and a DAB based topology and their efficiencies are compared.","In [2]–[6],transformer-less topologies of high voltage DCDC converters are proposed for transfer of power between different DC voltage levels."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":545489835,"citingcorpusid":54011013,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It was demonstrated that the crystallinity of lignocellulose had a negative correlation with the enzymatic hydrolysis rate (Hall et al. 2010).","The difference in the initial hydrolysis rate was correlated to the change of the crystallinity of the pretreated substrates (Hall et al. 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3352067813,"citingcorpusid":235072812,"citedcorpusid":67773639,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recently, home-based ICT has been incorporated in a wide range of applications in the development of assistive technology (AT) services for older adults [7]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1530783956,"citingcorpusid":133615987,"citedcorpusid":108710319,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The orientation of the discontinuities is critical to the failure modes of underground structures (Hao and Azzam 2005; Jia and Tang 2008; Huang et al. 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3157219596,"citingcorpusid":226855392,"citedcorpusid":1678488,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For an application we have assumed most communicating core has the highest probability of failure [21]–[24], in the event of such core failure the spare cores with similar communication behaviors has been used."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":52841679,"citingcorpusid":14504526,"citedcorpusid":2373924,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and second antenna respectively at the first symbol interval and sti, for i=3,4, are symbol blocks transmitted from\nfirst and second antenna respectively at the second symbol interval; hij is the channel between i\nth receiver and jth transmitter and ni, for i=1,2,3,4, are the additive noise terms.","The matrix C is a variant of the golden code [7], which is known to be one of the best STCs of size 2x2."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1981772127,"citingcorpusid":166622830,"citedcorpusid":134099307,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In Di Astud Chirt & Dligidthe, a fine of five séts for illegal digging on the land of another person is fixed.(17) The law text distinguishes between the offence of fótbach ‘sod-cutting’ and forcris ‘scraping."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3231279,"citingcorpusid":2312433,"citedcorpusid":25731000,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Positive phototaxis reaches its maximum at a low light intensity (1 μ mole photons m ‐2 s ‐1 ) and specifically responds to the red portion of the light spectrum (transmission maxima, λ max , 645 and 704 nm), whereas negative phototaxis induced with a high light intensity represents the response preferentially to the blue portion of the spectrum with λ max 470 nm [ 4 ].","Cells of the wild-type strain Synechocystis exhibit positive phototaxis (on the glass surface), when the broad-spectrum light intensity is about 475 μ mole photons m ‐2 s ‐1 , whereas the switch of positive to negative phototaxis occurred at higher values [ 4 ].","These spectral portions contain action maxima of negative (λmax 470 nm; blue light) and positive (λmax 645 and 704 nm; red and far red light) phototaxis defined for the Stanford variant of the Synechocystis WT strain [ 4 ].","Phototaxis of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, positive (movement toward the light) or negative (movement from the light) is involved in the optimization of photosynthesis and defence against photodamage [2, 3]. Physiological characteristics of phototaxis have been studied in detail in cyanobacteria, specifically, in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (hereafter, Synechocystis ) [ 4 ].","Meanwhile, negative phototaxis may be caused by both red and blue light of low intensity in mutant taxD1 – that was obtained on the basis of the Stanford variant of the WT strain [ 4 ]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2289903570,"citingcorpusid":119286423,"citedcorpusid":118565723,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["FARGO is not just a code, but it is a general numerical technique, also called “orbital advection,” which has also been implemented in other grid-based codes (e.g., Johnson et al. 2008; Stone & Gardiner 2010; Sorathia et al. 2012)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2437503897,"citingcorpusid":118680002,"citedcorpusid":118565723,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Ohmic resistivity and AD have been implemented in Athena (Davis et al. 2010; Bai & Stone 2011).","We use the Athena MHD code (Stone et al. 2008) to study the gas dynamics in PPDs and perform three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations.","Shearing-box source terms (Coriolis force and tidal gravities) have been readily implemented in Athena (Stone & Gardiner 2010), which uses an orbital advection scheme that splits the system into an advective part for the background shear flow −3Ωx/2ey , and a fluctuating part with velocity…","Shearing-box source terms (Coriolis force and tidal gravities) have been readily implemented in Athena (Stone & Gardiner 2010), which uses an orbital advection scheme that splits the system into an advective part for the background shear flow −3Ωx/2ey , and a fluctuating part with velocity fluctuation v:\nv ≡ u + 3 2 Ωxey."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":166620210,"citingcorpusid":15832208,"citedcorpusid":32882387,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, while there is a growing literature on double checking [7,11,14,15,18,26], definitions are difficult to find that cover the spectrum of what front line practitioners call double checking.","Grissinger refers only to double checks, comments on the difficulty in finding your own mistakes, and that double checks should be performed independently [7].","Double checking can be seen to loosely cover related concepts, such as (1) reviewing one’s own work; (2) reviewing one’s own or a colleague’ work together with another colleague; and (3) independently reviewing a colleague’s work, although universally accepted definitions seem not to be consistent in the literature [7,11,12]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":412445947,"citingcorpusid":29262274,"citedcorpusid":59648888,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["CDMA have been widely investigated as an access network for PON applications [1]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1730793801,"citingcorpusid":6392588,"citedcorpusid":113602108,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To mitigate both MAI and ISI that occurs in MIMO multipath channels, the maximum likelihood sequence estimator (MLSE) with vector Viterbi algorithm (VVA) has been analyzed in [3].","While optimal maximum likelihood (ML) receiver can be easily employed on OFDM, because each subcarrier can be treated as an independent narrow-band frequency flat MIMO channel, the complexity of ML receiver for the single carrier system is very high due to the difficulty of separating MAI and ISI, which should be jointly eliminated [3]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3952286688,"citingcorpusid":252685055,"citedcorpusid":195554619,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["One of the major conceptual changes in modern paleobiology research has been the distinction between the physical fossil record, consisting of in-situ or ex-situ specimens, and abstracted representations based on data retrieved from this physical record (Sepkoski 2013; Allmon et al. 2018)."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3982952875,"citingcorpusid":253645385,"citedcorpusid":123699848,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For a nonlinear diffusion equation with different moving parameters, the readers can refer to [41]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1071644482,"citingcorpusid":119307220,"citedcorpusid":118724296,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Composite majorana neutrinos [18] and doubly charged excited leptons [19, 20] have been studied in detail during phenomological studies with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1642929714,"citingcorpusid":207263668,"citedcorpusid":10313750,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A population of GABAergic neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei project to the inferior olive (IO; Fredette & Mugnaini, 1991; Nicholson & Freeman, 2003).","…IPN that promotes generation of an eyelid CR also inhibits IO activity, and US-generated complex spikes in PCs (Hesslow & Ivarsson, 1996; Kim, Krupa, & Thompson, 1998; Medina, Nores, & Mauk, 2002; Nicholson & Freeman, 2003; Rasmussen, Jirenhed, Wetmore, & Hesslow, 2014; Sears & Steinmetz, 1991)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":2911518867,"citingcorpusid":19925061,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The nuclear location suggests a regulatory role for Meg3/Gtl2 RNA, possibly via interactions with other RNAs or proteins as previously described for other noncoding genes (Mattick and Gagen, 2001; Szymanski et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3227536313,"citingcorpusid":231477078,"citedcorpusid":109298870,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Using singularity functions for beams [11, 12], we may write the loading function q, shear force V, and bending moment M for the beam ab in Fig.","The rudiments of singularity functions are usually explained in undergraduate textbooks [11, 12] for sophomore or junior students who usually take a course in mechanics of materials and for senior students who usually take a course in mechanical or structural design in their undergraduate curricula.","The rudiments of singularity functions [11, 12] are summarized as follows:"],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1559341030,"citingcorpusid":200061916,"citedcorpusid":109298870,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The shear stresses, which are developed in elastic beams of solid cross section due to lateral transverse shear loads that induce bending, are examined in most ‘strength of materials’ text books [80,112,113].","The latter is the theory normally found in fundamental mechanics of materials textbooks and was emphasized in this study [112,113]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":364367,"citingcorpusid":8581494,"citedcorpusid":44712759,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The methods used were as described in Ekanem et al. (1983). Impression plates were used for the fingertip bacteriology, using MacConkey agar no."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2071663279,"citingcorpusid":219260415,"citedcorpusid":113405715,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many authors have been also interested in problems with variable exponents involving the p(·)-Laplacian, Kirchhoff terms as well as a critical growth (see, for example, [1, 8, 14, 21, 23, 24]).","Our study here is particularly inspired by the contributions in recent works [8,13,14,18,19, 23,24]."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":913236780,"citingcorpusid":59936487,"citedcorpusid":1146949,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["On the one hand, following Mankiw and Reis (2002), we assume that information spreads slowly through the economy.","The recent revival of interest in Phelps (1970) insight – according to which information imperfections play a crucial role in the monetary transmission mechanism – includes the work of Adam (2007), Hellwig (2002), Mankiw and Reis (2002), and Woodford (2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3650779063,"citingcorpusid":246211029,"citedcorpusid":235728540,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", smoking and alcohol consumption), and may lead to infertility (Agarwal et al., 2021; Farsimadan et al., 2021)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3666565609,"citingcorpusid":246211029,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Interestingly for regenerative medicine purposes, their higher proliferation rate as compared to adult tissue derivedMSC can be explained by a more primitive developmental stage for these cells (Ilancheran et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":100351969,"citingcorpusid":3122989,"citedcorpusid":60457766,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However, for nonstationary processes, time-dependent power spectra by now are well-established and useful second-order statistics (see [22] and [23] and references therein).","Here, W x(t, f) ∆ = E{Wx(t, f)} denotes the Rihaczek spectrum [22], [24] of x(t) and","where Wg(t, f) ∆ = g(t)G∗(f)e−j2πft is the Rihaczek distribution of g(t) [22], [24], [25].","In view of (11), S H (t, f ; τ, ν) can be viewed as an expected spectrogram [22], [25] of the channel."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2463164568,"citingcorpusid":220693269,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition to this, mixed methods research approaches are a relatively new design and as such, some of the methodological details remain to be worked out fully by research methodologists (Masadeh, 2012).","Increasingly, however, the opposition between the two can be seen as a false dichotomy, representing two sides of the same coin, rather than an intractable conflict (Masadeh,2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2042917867,"citingcorpusid":173994011,"citedcorpusid":206961947,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The CVU method can be also used in Emergency Department (ED), as the need for transparent method for allocating EDs’ overhead costs, has been claimed by many authors (April & Murray, 2017)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3274100942,"citingcorpusid":134446161,"citedcorpusid":128681543,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Yet the intermittent mask is limited by use of LIDAR data that provides no information about clouds occurring below the altitude of attenuation (Chepfer et al., 2010).","Our cloud cover analysis is based on the CALIPSO General Circulation Model-Oriented CALIPSO Cloud Product (CALIPSO-GOCCP) version 2.9 (Chepfer et al., 2010).","Notably, CALIPSO LIDAR observations provide no information about clouds below the altitude of attenuation, which occurs near an optical depth of 3 (Chepfer et al., 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1702496732,"citingcorpusid":208073513,"citedcorpusid":128681543,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Project (ISCCP; Rossow and Schiffer, 1999), MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS;25\nPlatnick et al., 2003; Pincus et al., 2012), Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO;\nChepfer et al., 2010) and the CloudSat cloud radar (Marchand et al., 2009).","The COSP\nsatellite simulator produces model diagnostics, which are fully consistent to satellite products such as, International Satellite\nCloud Climatology Project (ISCCP; Rossow and Schiffer, 1999), MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS;25\nPlatnick et al., 2003; Pincus et al., 2012), Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO;\nChepfer et al., 2010) and the CloudSat cloud radar (Marchand et al., 2009).",", 2012), Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO; Chepfer et al., 2010) and the CloudSat cloud radar (Marchand et al."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":236385222,"citingcorpusid":23872831,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As shown in [2], (3) can be computed within two substeps.","Detailed formulations, stability proof, numerical dispersion, and other further analysis of the method were presented in [2]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":236385060,"citingcorpusid":23872831,"citedcorpusid":17402806,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The original divergence-preserved ADI-FDTD method [1] can be expressed as",", divergence is not zero in source-free regions) [1].","2236636 In this letter, based on the theory presented in [1], we propose a new efficiency-improved divergence-preserved ADI-FDTD method with reduced floating-point operation count.","That is, only half the number of the For-loops of the original divergence-preserved ADI-FDTD method [1] (i.","Then, we compare its computational efficiency with the original divergence-preserved ADI-FDTD method [1] and the conventional non-divergence-preserved ADI-FDTDmethod and its enhanced variations of [4] and [5] in terms of floating-point operation count.","Table I lists the counts of floating-point operations of the conventional non-divergence-preserved ADI-FDTD method and its improved variation [4], the original divergence-preserved ADI-FDTD method [1], and the proposed efficiency-improved divergence-preserved method.","Table III shows the usages of time and memory by the FDTD, the original divergence-preserved ADI-FDTD method [1], and the proposed method.","To address the issue, a divergence-preserved ADI-FDTD method was proposed in [1].","In comparison to the original divergence-preserved ADI-FDTD method [1], the count is 41."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3747312381,"citingcorpusid":182335152,"citedcorpusid":144836458,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Investigations in which one collects and analyzes data, or interprets data that have been collected by others, are used to generate and test explanations for scientific phenomena (Chin & Osborne, 2010)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2273592210,"citingcorpusid":125087633,"citedcorpusid":144836458,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Another way to utilise hidden circuits in collaborative learning environments is to utilise an argumentation sheet that is designed to support pupils’ argumentation skills [17]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":269322812,"citingcorpusid":16904714,"citedcorpusid":9087263,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[") was used in the design of a number of other filters including the generalized VDF [17], directional distance filter [18], hybrid vector filters [19], weighted VDFs [20], data-adaptive VDFs [21], and switching VDFs [22].","Note that in addition to AMNFs, the EXP function was used in the design of a number of other filters including the fuzzy vector median filter [23], fuzzy vector median-rational hybrid filter [19], kernel vector median filter [24], fast adaptive noise reduction filter [25], and self-adaptive noise reduction filter [26]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2663504020,"citingcorpusid":113398115,"citedcorpusid":155022392,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…effects of such policy would galvanize the opposition of wealthier and less egalitarian societies, thereby rendering it politically unfeasible+\n66+ Sánchez-Cuenca 2000+ 67+ These data were generously provided by Thomas König from the Domestic Structures and European Integration Project…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":827056221,"citingcorpusid":8909123,"citedcorpusid":29797910,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["transfer is likely to be faster than the intra-complex energy transfer, and the inter-complex distances are sufficiently small to allow some pigment coupling ( Scheuring et al. 2007 ).","An example of the use of such models is the analysis of inter-complex pigment–pigment distances in the photosynthetic membrane ( Scheuring et al. 2007 ).","These calculations show that, within the membrane some inter-complex energy\ntransfer is likely to be faster than the intra-complex energy transfer, and the inter-complex distances are sufficiently small to allow some pigment coupling (Scheuring et al. 2007).","One of the exciting possibilities opened by high resolution topographs (Fechner et al. 2009) is the docking of highresolution structures into the topographs ( Scheuring et al. 2007 ).","Analysis of docking precision suggests that high-resolution AFM topographs have lateral and vertical resolution of 1 nm and 0.1 nm, respectively ( Scheuring et al. 2007;  Fechner et al. 2009).","An example of the use of such models is the analysis of inter-complex pigment–pigment distances in the photosynthetic membrane (Scheuring et al. 2007).","Analysis of docking precision suggests that high-resolution AFM topographs have lateral and vertical resolution of 1 nm and 0.1 nm, respectively (Scheuring et al. 2007; Fechner et al. 2009).","Modeling of atomic structures of supramolecular assemblies with high precision\nOne of the exciting possibilities opened by high resolution topographs (Fechner et al. 2009) is the docking of highresolution structures into the topographs (Scheuring et al. 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3891262522,"citingcorpusid":118958032,"citedcorpusid":119153560,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["From Proposition 1 of [36], ΨGM : T → CGM extends to an injective continuous mapping on clGM (T ).","In this section, we recall the unification of extremal length geometry via intersection number developed in [36].","In [36], the author established the following unification of extremal length geometry via the intersection number."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4050575492,"citingcorpusid":96664227,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["According to reviews (André and Viegas, 2001; Catchpole and De Mestre, 1986; Steward, 1974; Weber, 1991), the models with the same scope of prediction as the one proposed here can be classified, paying attention to their inherent physical and mathematical formulation, as empirical models,…","According to reviews (André and Viegas, 2001; Catchpole and De Mestre, 1986; Steward, 1974; Weber, 1991), the models with the same scope of prediction as the one proposed here can be classified, paying attention to their inherent physical and mathematical formulation, as empirical models, semi-empirical or physically incomplete models, or physically complete models."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4050575493,"citingcorpusid":96664227,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Criterion of ignition (Subgroup I-C): As most authors do, a simple thermal ignition criterion (submodel C1) is adopted, requiring as input the temperature of ignition of the particles, Tig usually obtained through an appropriate ignition test (André et al., 1992).","Criterion of ignition (Subgroup I-C): As most authors do, a simple thermal ignition criterion (submodel C1) is adopted, requiring as input the temperature of ignition of the particles, Tig usually obtained through an appropriate ignition test (André et al., 1992)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":993467874,"citingcorpusid":42790958,"citedcorpusid":41231875,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1015084277,"citingcorpusid":85019886,"citedcorpusid":85254856,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["O aumento na MFH, no verão, também pode estar associado ao início da indução ao florescimento, pois perfilhos reprodutivos são mais pesados do que perfilhos vegetativos (Korte et al., 1984)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1870935152,"citingcorpusid":22153635,"citedcorpusid":4428049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["TIR1 is part of the ubiquitin-ligase complex SCFTIR1 mediating the degradation of Aux/IAA proteins that repress auxin signaling through heterodimerization with ARFs [33, 34].","TIR1 is part of the ubiquitin-ligase complex SCF mediating the degradation of Aux/IAA proteins that repress auxin signaling through heterodimerization with ARFs [33, 34].","The RLM 5’-RACE assay successfully identified their targets in chrysanthemum as members of Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) family and TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1 (TIR1) (Fig 4), respectively."],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":188124069,"citingcorpusid":22109195,"citedcorpusid":42251132,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…resorbierbare Kunststoff-F~den in der Augenmuskelchirurgie erschienen (Apt, Gaffney und Dora, 1976; Apt und Heinrich, 1976; Blau et al., 1975 ; Blaydes, 1975; Chatterjee, 1975 ; Dunlap et al., 1976; Helveston und Callahan, 1976; Helveston und Meyers, 1974; Merritt et aI., 1974; Munton et al.,…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2208011259,"citingcorpusid":17584645,"citedcorpusid":4428049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Remarkably, it was recently discovered that the TIR1 SCF subunit also directly binds auxin (Dharmasiri et al. 2005, Kepinski & Leyser 2005), and TIR1 along with three TIR1-related proteins (AFB1-3) appear to be the only soluble auxinbinding factors present in plant extracts."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1626485399,"citingcorpusid":205386541,"citedcorpusid":4428049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":21175621,"citingcorpusid":8864318,"citedcorpusid":4428049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Auxin and gibberellins induce targeted degradation of transcriptional repressor proteins (Dharmasiri et al., 2005; Kepinski and Leyser, 2005; Ueguchi-Tanaka et al., 2005), whereas ABA promotes accumulation of a transcriptional repressor via direct effects on RNA processing (Razem et al.","Auxin and gibberellins induce targeted degradation of transcriptional repressor proteins (Dharmasiri et al., 2005; Kepinski and Leyser, 2005; Ueguchi-Tanaka et al., 2005), whereas ABA promotes accumulation of a transcriptional repressor via direct effects on RNA processing (Razem et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4012007114,"citingcorpusid":237307639,"citedcorpusid":4428049,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Auxin-associated TIR1 targets the AID-containing proteins, while COI1 associated with JA-Ile targets the proteins that contain the JAZ (jasmonate ZIM domain) degron [21, 23].","However, it is known that the interaction of AtTIR1 with an AID-containing protein is stable at 4–25°C and greatly weakens at 37°C [21] because the AtTIR1 stability decreases at temperatures exceeding 25°C.","As mentioned above, Aux/IAA proteins, including IAA17, consist of four domains, and only the second domain is absolutely essential for recognition by the SCFTIR1 complex and the initiation of degradation [20, 21].","It is of interest that the phytic acid-binding site of TIR1 is conserved among the AFB (auxin signaling F-box) proteins, which belong to the Arabidopsis F-box proteins together with TIR1 [21], indicating that phytic acid plays an important role in structure formation for proteins of the family."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2392485508,"citingcorpusid":80731038,"citedcorpusid":4428049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The F-box protein TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1 (TIR1) and related proteins AUXIN SIGNALLING F-BOX PROTEIN 1,2,3,4,5 (AFB 1–5) are the substrate receptor of the SCF (Dharmasiri et al. 2005; Kepinski and Leyser 2005).","sequence responsible for the Aux/IAAs’ instability by mediating their interaction with the TIR1/AFB receptor (Dharmasiri et al. 2005; Kepinski and Leyser 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3846845513,"citingcorpusid":251018271,"citedcorpusid":230770432,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", sigmoid, tanh, and Rectified Linear Unit) enable the DNNs to learn complex non-linear relationships [6].","necessitates energy-intensive wavelength conversion steps [6]."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3720352741,"citingcorpusid":248069631,"citedcorpusid":230770432,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Among different SP-NN implementations, coherent SP-NNs, which operate on a single wavelength, have an inherent advantage over noncoherent SP-NNs that require power-hungry wavelength-conversion steps and multiple wavelength sources [2].","4 Related Prior Work While several high-performance AI accelerators based on coherent SP-NNs have been recently proposed [2, 10, 13], [14] showed that the inferencing accuracy of SP-NNs can drop by up to 70% due to fabrication-process variations and thermal crosstalk.","To overcome these bottlenecks, novel accelerators tailored towards artificial intelligence (AI) applications are on the rise, among which integrated silicon-photonic neural networks (SP-NNs) have attracted much attention with a promise of lightspeed communication and computation using optical interconnects and silicon photonic devices [2]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3861758965,"citingcorpusid":234661589,"citedcorpusid":18544220,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Deep breathing exercise can also lead to signi cant changes in respiratory function and core muscle activation during breathing in CLBP (31, 32)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1805897123,"citingcorpusid":167590587,"citedcorpusid":153832574,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…defined as: the psychological process that gives\nLearning Development Education\nbehaviour purpose and direction (Kreitner 1995); an internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins 1994); and all those inner-striving conditions described as wishes, desires, drives, etc. (Gibson et al. 1994)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3720151055,"citingcorpusid":248038350,"citedcorpusid":1294063,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Esses resultados encontrados corroboram com os trabalhos de Venturine(5) (2006), Pereira et al.(7) (2003), Queiroz(23) (2010) mostrando que, independente da utilização de duas resinas diferentes, os discos de óxido de alumínio foram capazes de reduzir a rugosidade superficial em todos os corpos de prova.","Esses resultados encontrados corroboram com os trabalhos de Venturine((5)) (2006), Pereira et al.","(2003) e Venturine et al((5)) (2006), destacam a dificuldade","Nagem Filho et al.(4) (2003) e Venturine et al(5) (2006), destacam a dificuldade de se obter uma superfície completamente polida em decorrência de diferentes quantidades e tamanhos de partículas de carga e diferença na dureza entre as partículas e a matriz da resina composta."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3847393262,"citingcorpusid":249184675,"citedcorpusid":73492520,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In these studies, inhibition of glycolysis protected against LPS-induced injury of the lungs [73] and heart [74] and promoted the migration of neutrophils to the infected sites [75]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":888728224,"citingcorpusid":49418184,"citedcorpusid":7866132,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Apart from causing health issues, OTA exposure results in enormous economic losses via decreasing the productivity of livestock and farm crops and increasing the medical fees of humans and animals, the mortality rate of animals, and the costs related to OTA precaution, control, and detoxication (Duarte et al., 2010; Pfliegler et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":888728735,"citingcorpusid":49418184,"citedcorpusid":40561360,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Among these three classes of methods, biological methods, with better safety, flavor, nutritional quality, organoleptic properties, availability, and cost-effectiveness, were more promising than the other two classes (Kabak and Dobson, 2009; Rodriguez et al., 2011; Hathout and Aly, 2014; De Bellis et al., 2015; Cho et al., 2016; Farbo et al., 2016).","It has also been reported that many microorganisms with good OTA adsorption ability have great application prospects in food and feed industries (Moruno et al., 2005; Csutorás et al., 2013; Farbo et al., 2016).","02μg/g) in commercial grape juice was reduced by 21 and 57% via the first column filtration step and the fourth column filtration step, respectively (Farbo et al., 2016)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1005249898,"citingcorpusid":83374633,"citedcorpusid":41710081,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In Drosophila, Ago1 is dedicated to the miRNA pathway while Ago2 mainly functions in RNA interference (RNAi) (Peters and Meister 2007; Tolia and Joshua-Tor 2007).","1.3.1.2 Argonaute function\nIt is now clear that Argonaute proteins function as the core component of the RISC [for a review see Peters and Meister, 2007].","Their function in miRNA-mediated repression is well documented in many organisms (Peters and Meister 2007; Tolia and Joshua-Tor 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1957650309,"citingcorpusid":84318798,"citedcorpusid":83700502,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Phosphorus-efficient plants can utilize less labile pools via specific physiological mechanisms such as enhanced root system, michorrizal associations, or rhizosphere chemistry modification (Subbarao, Ae, and Otani 1997).","Phosphorus-efficient plants can utilize less labile pools via specific physiological mechanisms such as enhanced root system, michorrizal associations, or rhizosphere chemistry modification ( Subbarao, Ae, and Otani 1997 )."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3421524710,"citingcorpusid":231985631,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[43] Y. Saito, Prog.","We stress that the present definition of \"pseudo-critical\" is different to that defined by Saito [43] to describe the criticallike behavior in approaching the spinodal point near the first order transition."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2778110386,"citingcorpusid":22266703,"citedcorpusid":20133776,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Therefore, COX-2 inhibitors are less likely to cause gastric ulceration, but they may still interfere with the healing process of previous ulcers and should not be used in patients with a history of gastrointestinal ulcers, particularly NSAID-induced ulcers [19]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1837599785,"citingcorpusid":33591940,"citedcorpusid":144498224,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, a meta-analysis of 7,152 respondents in the U.S. and cross-culturally revealed a mean weighted effect size of coefficient alpha aggregated across the acceptance-rejection portion of all versions of the PARQ/Control to be 0.89 (Khaleque and Rohner 2002b).","Extensive pancultural evidence summarized in five metaanalytic reviews supports this expectation (Khaleque and Rohner 2002a, b, 2011a, b; Rohner and Khaleque 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3142733101,"citingcorpusid":225850563,"citedcorpusid":144498224,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and have been observed consistently regardless of the age of the children being studied (Chen, Liu, & Li, 2000; Fine, Voydanoff, & Donnelly, 1993; A Khaleque & Rohner, 2002; Khaleque, 2013; Lansford et al., 2014; Rohner, Khaleque, & Cournoyer, 2018; Suchman, Rounsaville, DeCoste, & Luthar, 2007)."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":4006329628,"citingcorpusid":254595399,"citedcorpusid":144498224,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The PAQ has been used in several hundred studies internationally, and it has been shown to have high reliability and validity in crosscultural research (Khaleque and Rohner 2002; Rohner and Khaleque 2005).","The PARQ has been used in over 2000 studies worldwide and is known to have high reliability and validity for use in cross-cultural research (Khaleque and Rohner 2002; Rohner 2005)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":373716353,"citingcorpusid":11550241,"citedcorpusid":16620685,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The developed theory is employed in concert with the generalised formulation proposed in [15], [18], [19] and a proposed concept of pole-zero alignment [18], [19], to provide a classically formulated design procedure facilitating the decentralized design of multivariable controllers.","For instance, the matrices could be employed to condition the SISO plants [7], [15], [18], provide for improved dominance [8], [9] or improved plant/controller alignment [2]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1074515074,"citingcorpusid":126601069,"citedcorpusid":85767978,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…handsorting is a commonly used method of effectively collecting epigeic (litter-dwelling) and endogeic (soil-dwelling) earthworms (James and Seastedt 1986, Rosenburg et al. 1986, James 1988, James and Cunningham 1989, Saetre 1998, Edwards et al. 1999, Spurgeon et al. 1999, Kalisz and Powell 2000)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3882812597,"citingcorpusid":29612887,"citedcorpusid":20334480,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Comparisons have been made between molecular dynamics averaged and x-ray structures, mean square atomic fluctuations and values derived from experimental temperature factors, and experimental and calculated NMR and fluorescence depolarization order parameters (1-11).","Protein trajectories have been used to study motional models used in the analysis of '3C NMR TI, T2, and Nuclear Overhauser Enhancements (NOEs) and 'H NOEs, and as an aid in the interpretation of experiments (4-6, 8).",", nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR], fluorescence depolarization, x-ray scattering, and vibrational spectroscopy) have appeared (3-13)."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":899890217,"citingcorpusid":16890097,"citedcorpusid":16409201,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["We used matched miRNA and mRNA expression data of human clinical DLBCL samples comprising 11 GC subtypes and 18 ABC subtypes (19) (Figure 3A), and performed GSEA and GFA between GC and ABC subtypes.","Microarray data for miR-1 and miR-124 transfection experiments (GSE2075) and miRNA and mRNA expression profiling of DLBCL patient samples (GSE21849) were obtained from NCBI’s Gene Expression Omnibus (3,19). miRNA expression, mRNA expression and clinical data for glioblastoma patient samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Data Portal (https:// tcga-data.nci.nih.gov/tcga/) (20).","Microarray data for miR-1 and miR-124 transfection experiments (GSE2075) and miRNA and mRNA expression profiling of DLBCL patient samples (GSE21849) were obtained from NCBI’s Gene Expression Omnibus (3,19)."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1867084513,"citingcorpusid":80797527,"citedcorpusid":10995754,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Rhadinoviruses are thought to be species specific and have been reported in rhesus and other macaque species as well as in African green monkeys, baboons, mandrills, drills, gibbons, chimpanzees, and gorillas (Greensill et al., 2000a (Greensill et al., , 2000b Lacoste et al., 2000a Lacoste et al., , 2000b Lacoste et al., , 2001 Whitby et al., 2003; Duprez et al., 2004; Bruce et al., 2005) ."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1867062377,"citingcorpusid":80797527,"citedcorpusid":5210008,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, a third virus (GBV-C) with close homology to GBV-A has been found in human hepatitis patients; however, the relationship of this virus to clinical disease in humans remains to be determined (Zuckerman, 1995)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1867055911,"citingcorpusid":80797527,"citedcorpusid":23261966,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While the detection of RFHV sequences is most often observed in SRV2 co-infected macaques, there are limited reports of SRV-negative/SIV-positive RFHV-associated mesenchymoproliferative lesions (Bielefeldt-Ohmann et al., 2005; Bruce et al., 2006).","IHC using a cross-reactive anti-HHV8 LANA antibody demonstrates immunoreactivity within nuclei and large numbers of RFHV-infected cells in RF tissue (Bruce et al., 2006; Burnside et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1867063216,"citingcorpusid":80797527,"citedcorpusid":22964039,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Like EBV, two distinct lineages of RhLCV (RhLCV1 and RhLCV2) have been identified based on significant genomic heterogeneity of the EBNA genes (Cho et al., 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1713175866,"citingcorpusid":207912250,"citedcorpusid":15506780,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[7, 6] describe BDI loops that integrate collaborative processes."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1580310306,"citingcorpusid":201739223,"citedcorpusid":67772259,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[8] Let λ = ζ + vμ be an element in R, where ζ and μ are elements in Fp.","[8] Let C = vC1−v ⊕ (1 − v)Cv be a (ζ + vμ)−constacyclic code of length n over R and g1−v(x), gv(x) are the generator polynomials of C1−v and Cv respectively.","[8] Let C = vC1−v ⊕ (1 − v)Cv be a (ζ + vμ)−constacyclic code of length n over R."],"intents":[null,null,null]}
{"citationid":566129161,"citingcorpusid":56086995,"citedcorpusid":9076837,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…vapor (Kim et al.,\n2008), oxygen (Fujiwara et al., 2001), methane (Rasoolzadeh et al., 2008), hydrogen (Lamari et al., 2002), carbon dioxide (Khalili et al., 2012), several organic compounds (Agnihotri et al., 2005) and hydrogen sulfide (Oftadeh et al., 2013) on CNTs can be mentioned as examples.",", 2005) and hydrogen sulfide (Oftadeh et al., 2013) on CNTs can be mentioned as examples."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3012902158,"citingcorpusid":122134027,"citedcorpusid":119529018,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The lowest eigenvalues are compared with available published results (Leissa 1969; Shibaoka 1956; Cotugno 1943) in Table 11, and the higher order modes are plotted in Fig."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":3961369652,"citingcorpusid":252913638,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Harga saham merupakan sekumpulan dana para investor yang diberikan untuk mendapat bukti kepemilikan saham perusahaan (Anoraga 2008:100).","Analisis tersebut biasa disebut dengan company analysis (Anoraga 2008:109)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1661749941,"citingcorpusid":6075213,"citedcorpusid":2906691,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As typical analytical methods, there are the replica method (Sherrington & Kirkpatrick, 1975; Amit et al., 1985a; Amit et al., 1985b) and the SC-SNA (Shiino & Fukai, 1992) for the equilibrium state of the auto associative memory models."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":103786287,"citingcorpusid":12683828,"citedcorpusid":9434270,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["maintaining independence but allowing for pareto intercontact time distributions [22, 23]), can only be used for asymptotic, convergence analysis about the message delivery delay of a routing protocol, i."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2459411074,"citingcorpusid":50031111,"citedcorpusid":60077686,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["INTRODUCTION\nNowadays, information technology, and more particularly data analysis systems are used in most areas of science."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1820600361,"citingcorpusid":56419922,"citedcorpusid":60077686,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Brief history and advancements for the artificial neural network technique including ANN learning rules, architecture configuration, hybrid practices and convergence situations are described in [12-14]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":103786196,"citingcorpusid":12683828,"citedcorpusid":9166630,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The assumption of independence (or even stationarity), while not that well supported by real traces, due to temporal or periodic characteristics in real mobility scenarios [19, 20, 21], is also necessary for analytical tractability (and any hope for closed form expressions)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2370360808,"citingcorpusid":12683828,"citedcorpusid":17148177,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Another approach of selfishness is tackled in [6], where authors propose a selfishness model where each node is either selfish or altruist (modeled as a probability pi for each node i) regarding all its contacts (i.","To this end, some recent works have used both simulations and analysis to study the effect of having some “selfish” nodes among “altruistic” nodes [6], or the effect of nodes reducing the transmission probability for all relay traffic (e.","Furthermore, many analytical and simulation-based studies investigate the effects of node selfishness on communication performance [7, 44, 45, 8, 6]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":825811918,"citingcorpusid":4591061,"citedcorpusid":2906691,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Attractor models of content-addressable memory are notoriously sensitive to overlap in the stored patterns and the capacity of attractor networks plummets if the stored patterns are correlated with one another (Amit et al., 1985)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2835501120,"citingcorpusid":8912199,"citedcorpusid":2906691,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Boltzmann machine derives from the Hopfield memory with stochastic dynamics [18, 8]; Boltzmann machines are recurrent neural networks and their dynamics is similar to the stochastic associative memory dynamics."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":360655917,"citingcorpusid":17839912,"citedcorpusid":2906691,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Equilibrium properties of fully-connected Hopfield neural network have been well studied using spin-glass theory, especially the replica method [2,3]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3317270120,"citingcorpusid":233441233,"citedcorpusid":60077686,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Data mining techniques were commonly used in many applications in healthcare such as simulation of clinical outcomes and patient predictions, evaluation of therapy efficiency, the ranking of hospitals, and monitoring of infections [14]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3969960241,"citingcorpusid":253212083,"citedcorpusid":35211340,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Two of the most prominent methods for quantifying perceived distances are:\n• Verbal Assessment (Loyola (2018), Peer and Ponto (2017), Ng et al. (2016), Armbrüster et al. (2008), Gagnon et al. (2020), Castell et al. (2018), Kelly et al. (2017), Klein et al. (2009))\n• Blind Walking (Interrante et…"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3969960260,"citingcorpusid":253212083,"citedcorpusid":203847781,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["They hypothesized that it might have been\ndue to the relatively small size of the environment (12.6m2) compared to previous research which used larger environments ranging from 13m2 to 233m2 (Simpson et al. (2018), Moscoso et al. (2021), Zhao et al. (2019)).","Sizes of rooms used in such studies vary from just 13.46m2 in a study by Zhao et al. (2019) all the way to 233.26m2 (21.44m x 10.88m) in a study by Moscoso et al. (2021).","Based on the rooms used by Simpson et al. (2018), and Zhao et al. (2019), a survey was designed and distributed to 45 people.","Zhao et al. (2019) used 4 square rooms of sizes 16m2, 21.80m2, 28.40m2, and 36m2 to the influence of what is seen through windows of a room on perceived spaciousness of rooms.","Zhao et al. (2019) also presented a room of 13.46m2 size as a reference to spaciousness of 1, and a room of size 40.06m2 as a reference for spaciousness 10."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2842395420,"citingcorpusid":7208024,"citedcorpusid":120036340,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Various techniques have been proposed by expert astronomers (Lynden-Bell, 1971; Marshall et al., 1983; Cho loniewski, 1986; Caditz & Petrosian, 1993).","Too wide bin leads to underestimation of the slope, and too narrow bin makes the results unstable (e.g. Caditz & Petrosian, 1993; Strauss & Willick, 1995; Heyl et al., 1997)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":894045659,"citingcorpusid":25992918,"citedcorpusid":29783383,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Multidirectional instability (MDI) of the shoulder has been defined as instability in two directions [1, 2] or three directions [3].","The aim of operative treatment is to create a stable joint by reducing the laxity and excessive volume through the retensioning of the static capsulolabral stabilizing structures using capsular shift, capsular plication, and rotator interval closure [1, 6, 11, 12]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3535257831,"citingcorpusid":238741007,"citedcorpusid":71145186,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Inflammasome activation leads to chronic inflammation playing a important role in all stages of tumorigenesis such as immunosuppression, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis [17].","Infla masome activation leads to chronic inflammation playing a important role in all stages of tumorigenesis such as immunosuppression, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis [17].","Aberrant inflammasome signaling is associated with chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancer [16,17].","Several previous studies revealed that AIM2 inflammasome can suppress colorectal tumorigenesis, hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer [16,17]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3535257876,"citingcorpusid":238741007,"citedcorpusid":11882341,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A study indicated that plasma VEGF-A levels could predict patient outcome but not the effect of BEV in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), non-small cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma [13]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3535257880,"citingcorpusid":238741007,"citedcorpusid":5983869,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The search for molecular biomarkers of angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis and their successful application in the development of antiangiogenic therapy for EOC is a continuous challenge [31]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3860887545,"citingcorpusid":251258744,"citedcorpusid":34858428,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In pepper, encoding RING-type protein CaRING1 is an active E3 ligase, which is necessary for hypersensitive response (HR) and resistance response of pepper to the infection of avirulent Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria (Lee et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1197444287,"citingcorpusid":16319173,"citedcorpusid":3781268,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The concept of one-way function, shows itself in a very practical context."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1584296071,"citingcorpusid":145707903,"citedcorpusid":143451411,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, Conservative Protestants are more likely than other religious traditions to distribute voting guides and are generally averse to addressing social justice issues such as poverty and racism ("],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1577837449,"citingcorpusid":201666830,"citedcorpusid":10875471,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["First, we incorporate a global average pooling [38] after the output of encoder to generate the 1×1 image-level features followed by another 1 × 1 convolution to transform its feature channels to 256.","Following prior works [38], we use the “poly” learning rate schedule where the","ParseNet [38] exploits the global context information, while PSPNet [73] uses spatial pyramid pooling at several grid scales."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1734748295,"citingcorpusid":127978079,"citedcorpusid":130513354,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These faults clearly cut the D1 structures [see also Clark et al., 1993; Tillman and Byrne, 1995; Lee et al., 1997].","Surface structural data and the seismic energy release data indicate that it is a vertical to steeply west dipping structure that extends to \"35 km depth (Figure 12) [see also Clark et al., 1993; Tillman and Byrne, 1995; Wu et al., 2004; Chang et al., 2007; Bertrand et al., 2009, 2012].","20 of 25\n42\nMouthereau et al., 2009], or to be the result of a second phase of deep level thrusting that ramps stepwise upsection toward the deformation front [Tillman and Byrne, 1995].","…  the   hanging   wall   of   the   Tili   Thrust,   they  may   reach   up   to   lower   greenschist   facies  (Clark  et  al.,  1993)  and  have  a  penetrative  pressure  solution  cleavage  (Clark  et  al.,  1993;  Fisher  et   al.,  2002;  Fisher  et  al.,  2007;  Tillman  and  Byrne,  1995).","Both these units underwent a distinct metamorphic grade and deformation style that includes a penetrative pressure solution cleavage [e.g., Clark et al., 1993; Tillman and Byrne, 1995; Fisher et al., 2002; Beyssac et al., 2007; Simoes et al., 2012].","It is possible, however, with our data to interpret a deep detachment level beneath much of the Central Range (Figure 13c), as some authors have already indicated [e.g., Tillman and Byrne, 1995; Simoes et al., 2007a; Yamato et al., 2009; Mouthereau et al., 2009; Ching et al., 2011b].","…in  age  and  defines  a   large  part  of   the  outcropping  geology  of  the  western  part  of  the  Central  Range  within  the  map  area  (Geological  map   1)  (Beyssac  et  al.,  2007;  Lee  et  al.,  2006;  Simoes  et  al.,  2007;  Tillman  and  Byrne,  1995;  Wiltschko  et  al.,   2010).",", 2009], or to be the result of a second phase of deep level thrusting that ramps stepwise upsection toward the deformation front [Tillman and Byrne, 1995].","22), and to the regional fold structure [see also Clark et al., 1993; Tillman and Byrne, 1995; Fisher et al., 2002].","However, this fault outcrops very well along the Central Cross Island Highway, where it clearly dips \"60! to the southeast [see also Tillman and Byrne, 1995]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["result"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1734748571,"citingcorpusid":127978079,"citedcorpusid":127996821,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["5.\t\r   A,\t\r   relocated\t\r   earthquake\t\r   hypocentres\t\r   before\t\r   and,\t\r   B,\t\r   after\t\r   the\t\r   collapsing\t\r   carried\t\r   out\t\r   following\t\r   the methodology\t\r   of\t\r   Jones\t\r   and\t\r   Stewart\t\r   (1997).\t\r   This\t\r   section\t\r   corresponds\t\r   to\t\r   the\t\r   section\t\r   B-­‐B ́\t\r   in\t\r   Fig.","…convergence depends to a large degree on its preexisting structural architecture, and how this is oriented relative to the convergence vector [e.g., Dewey et al., 1986; Brown et al., 1999, 2011; Manatschal, 2004; Mohn et al., 2010; Byrne et al., 2011; Reston and Manatschal, 2011; Harris, 2011].","Furthermore,\t\r  to\t\r  provide\t\r  further\t\r  information\t\r  for\t\r  the\t\r  interpretation\t\r  of\t\r  the\t\r  kinematics\t\r  of the\t\r  Shuilikeng\t\r  Fault,\t\r  focal\t\r  mechanisms\t\r  from\t\r  along\t\r  this\t\r  fault\t\r  have\t\r  been\t\r  grouped\t\r  together\t\r  in\t\r  5\t\r  km\t\r  thick bins,\t\r   and\t\r   the\t\r   average\t\r   principal\t\r   strain\t\r   axes\t\r   of\t\r   each\t\r   group\t\r   were\t\r   calculated\t\r   using\t\r   the\t\r  methodology\t\r   of Marrett\t\r  and\t\r  Allmendinger\t\r  (1990)."],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3283956198,"citingcorpusid":232119252,"citedcorpusid":10875471,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Like Panoptic Deeplab, we used the ’poly’ learning rate policy in [5] with an initial rate of 0.001."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2258157415,"citingcorpusid":144001619,"citedcorpusid":143451411,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…to become engaged in politics is through the distribution of Christian Right voter guides as opposed to other forms of political engagement (Beyerlein and Chaves 2003),4 which might help explain why devout Evangelicals are consistently more likely to vote for Republican candidates than…","It should be noted that Beyerlein and Chaves’ (2003) study found that Black Protestant churches were the most likely of any Christian churches (including Evangelical Protestant, Mainline Protestant, and Catholic) to distribute voter guides."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3130458102,"citingcorpusid":225259398,"citedcorpusid":143451411,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There has been much less focus on the role of the political activities of religious institutions, particularly congregations (Beyerlein and Chaves 2003; Smith 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3240470062,"citingcorpusid":231728284,"citedcorpusid":10875471,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["001 and later use the “poly” policy [30] with the power of 0 ."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3947924221,"citingcorpusid":229223465,"citedcorpusid":10875471,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similar to [39], here we employ poly learning rate policy where initial learning rate is multiplied by ( 1 - ( iter / max_iter )) power with power = 0 ."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4034826692,"citingcorpusid":255631327,"citedcorpusid":240169648,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many studies on the eating quality of sweet potato focus on roasted, boiled, and steamed sweet potatoes [10,11],"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1446159674,"citingcorpusid":56474453,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["(1991), Interest Rate Risk Management, IFR Publishing, ČNB:16888 Cade, E. (1997), Managing banking risks, Gresham books, ČNB: 19153 Crouhy, M., Galai, D., Mark, R. (2001), Risk Management, McGrawHill, ČNB: 20829 Harris, R.D.F., Shen, J., Hedging and Value at Risk, University of Exeter, Paper Number 04/10 Heffernan, S., Modern banking in theory and practice, John Wiley & Sons, 1996 Hull, J. (2000), Options, futures and other derivatives, Prentice Hall Jílek, J.","(1991), Interest Rate Risk Management, IFR Publishing, ČNB:16888 Cade, E. (1997), Managing banking risks, Gresham books, ČNB: 19153 Crouhy, M., Galai, D., Mark, R. (2001), Risk Management, McGrawHill, ČNB: 20829 Harris, R.D.F., Shen, J., Hedging and Value at Risk, University of Exeter, Paper Number 04/10 Heffernan, S., Modern banking in theory and practice, John Wiley & Sons, 1996 Hull, J. (2000), Options, futures and other derivatives, Prentice Hall Jílek, J. (1999), Finanční riziko Joiron, P.","in 5% of all concurrencies. Small difference from this rate could occur in the case of bad luck, but if there is significantly more losses higher then estimated then regulators cannot accept the model for capital adequacy calculations and bank management should reconsider its use. The easiest method for verification of model accuracy is to monitor “failure rate”(7) that express the proportion of times VaR is exceeded in a given sample. Let’s assume that a bank calculates daily VaR on 99% level for total of T days. For these T days, real losses exceed VaR calculated for given day in number of N days. Regulator will ask whether N is too small or too large. In order to ensure that VaR model is not significantly overestimating or underestimating losses the standard tests can be used. Kupiec (1995) developed confidence regions for such tests for different days of history and different confidence levels.","(1991), Interest Rate Risk Management, IFR Publishing, ČNB:16888 Cade, E. (1997), Managing banking risks, Gresham books, ČNB: 19153 Crouhy, M., Galai, D., Mark, R. (2001), Risk Management, McGrawHill, ČNB: 20829 Harris, R.","(1991), Interest Rate Risk Management, IFR Publishing, ČNB:16888 Cade, E. (1997), Managing banking risks, Gresham books, ČNB: 19153 Crouhy, M., Galai, D., Mark, R. (2001), Risk Management, McGrawHill, ČNB: 20829 Harris, R.D.F., Shen, J., Hedging and Value at Risk, University of Exeter, Paper Number 04/10 Heffernan, S., Modern banking in theory and practice, John Wiley & Sons, 1996 Hull, J. (2000), Options, futures and other derivatives, Prentice Hall Jílek, J. (1999), Finanční riziko Joiron, P. (1997), Value at Risk, Irwin Sinkey, J.F. (1996), Commercial Bank Financial Management, 5th edition, Macmillan","(1991), Interest Rate Risk Management, IFR Publishing, ČNB:16888 Cade, E. (1997), Managing banking risks, Gresham books, ČNB: 19153 Crouhy, M.","(1991), Interest Rate Risk Management, IFR Publishing, ČNB:16888 Cade, E. (1997), Managing banking risks, Gresham books, ČNB: 19153 Crouhy, M., Galai, D., Mark, R. (2001), Risk Management, McGrawHill, ČNB: 20829 Harris, R.D.F., Shen, J., Hedging and Value at Risk, University of Exeter, Paper Number 04/10 Heffernan, S., Modern banking in theory and practice, John Wiley & Sons, 1996 Hull, J. (2000), Options, futures and other derivatives, Prentice Hall Jílek, J. (1999), Finanční riziko Joiron, P. (1997), Value at Risk, Irwin Sinkey, J."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,null,["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3335230916,"citingcorpusid":234155116,"citedcorpusid":159403504,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Some authors have examined the influence of specific or a combination of specific contractual and relational factors on partnership performance (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016; Wang & Zhao, 2018; Warsen et al., 2019).","It is argued that if partners mutually trust each other, “they will be prepared to invest their resources in the joint collaboration, share information and make investments in innovative, uncertain activities” (Warsen et al., 2019, p. 377).","There are two strands of literature on cooperation in public–private partnerships: one, based on the formal contract, and two, based on informal relationships (Warsen et al., 2019).","Since even the most well-written contract cannot incorporate all unforeseen changes that occur during project life, it is argued that relation-based cooperation fills the gap of an incomplete contract (Warsen et al., 2019).","It is argued that these actors do not exclusively behave in accordance with rationality but are also motivated by “expectations about role performance, social pressures, and norms and values like reciprocity, fairness, and legitimacy” (Warsen et al., 2019, p. 377).","However, Warsen et al. (2019) examined that adequate application of conflict management such as bringing partners together and bridging differences by mediation and arbitration can mitigate and prevent the escalation of conflicts.","Warsen et al. (2019) argued that it allows “partners to respond to exogenous shocks and enable partners to improve the formal arrangements in the contract” (p. 377)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3516160214,"citingcorpusid":238241260,"citedcorpusid":159403504,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…despite the various positive impacts of trust in effectively implementing and delivering PPP projects, researchers pointed out the difficulties in trustbuilding during the PPP project life cycle, especially in the early stages (Rufin & Riverasantos, 2012; Warsen et al., 2019; Xiong et al., 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":25074644,"citingcorpusid":13005187,"citedcorpusid":10875471,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ration, whose scale range are dierent from conv6 2 and conv7 2. It will cause the feature map in large scale range covers the one in low scale range when it is in feature fusing stage. Dierent from [21] used L2 normalization technique, we utilize batch normalization layer attached above layers before fusing to solve this problem. Parameters in batch normalization layer are trained by network without"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2665560648,"citingcorpusid":202734206,"citedcorpusid":60546253,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This special case is in fact very important in imaging applications [13, 63–67], where it is critical to compute features which are scale invariant, as objects are naturally dilated by the “zoom\" of an image."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":972612271,"citingcorpusid":8011320,"citedcorpusid":29774532,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…flexibility, deficit schizophrenia\nINTRODUCTION\nThere is an ongoing discussion about whether different types of schizophrenia are associated with specific types of executive dysfunction (Brazo et al., 2002; Simon et al., 2009; Fioravanti et al., 2012; Hegde et al., 2013; Ventura et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3145620020,"citingcorpusid":219930337,"citedcorpusid":54452147,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The high voltage levels in combination with the finite insulation resistance of the cables results in the inevitable flow of dc leakage current[9], [10], [12].","[12] A.","Moreover, in many cases, following the detection of leakage currents, the inverter triggered an alarm instead of seizing operation, which allowed the circulation of leakage currents through unintended conductive paths such as soil or buried pipelines[9], [10], [12]."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":139332400,"citingcorpusid":7992774,"citedcorpusid":36082641,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Elsewhere IA is blocked by 4-AP, activates quickly at subthreshold voltages, and displays fast inactivation (Baldwin et al. 1991; Schroter et al. 1991; Serôdio et al. 1994, 1996; Stuhmer et al. 1989)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1025785453,"citingcorpusid":89987935,"citedcorpusid":137837,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Das Ruhemembranpotential des Zebrafischs ist mit -70mV ähnlich dem humanen Ruhemembranpotential von -60mV. (Sedmera et al. 2003, Verkerk et al. 2012) Eine Aufgabe der Natrium-Kalium-Pumpe (Na-K-ATPase) ist der Erhalt des Ruhemembranpotentials jeder Zelle."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":139332606,"citingcorpusid":7992774,"citedcorpusid":25306642,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Yet, because hair cell transduction appears mature at its onset around embryonic day 17 (Géléoc and Holt 2003) and because functional synaptogenesis begins around the same time (Mbiene et al. 1988), vestibular ganglion neurons may convey sensory information even at early postnatal stages."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3108639886,"citingcorpusid":224461433,"citedcorpusid":109273779,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There have been many studies on the behavior of short GFRP-RC columns (Pantelides et al., 2013; Afifi et al., 2014; Mohamed et al., 2014; Guérin et al., 2018a and 2018b; Hadhood et al., 2019).","on the behavior of short GFRP-RC columns (Pantelides et al., 2013; Afifi et al., 2014; Mohamed et al., 2014; Guérin et al., 2018a and 2018b; Hadhood et al., 2019)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2388864062,"citingcorpusid":108504111,"citedcorpusid":112531500,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Hence, various empirical, analytical, and numerical models have been proposed for the estimation of borehole thermal resistance (Bennet et al., 1987; Gu and O’Neal, 1998; Claesson and Hellstrom, 2011; Liu et al., 2009; Mostafa et al., 2009; Roth et al., 2004; Remund, 1999; Shonder and Beck, 1999; Young, 2001).","Hence, various empirical, analytical, and numerical models have been proposed for the estimation of borehole thermal resistance (Bennet et al., 1987; Gu and O’Neal, 1998; Claesson and Hellstrom, 2011; Liu et al., 2009; Mostafa et al., 2009; Roth et al., 2004; Remund, 1999; Shonder and Beck, 1999;…","(5), while Gu and O’Neal (1998) used\nfor de (Eq."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2205406682,"citingcorpusid":23902949,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of chlorophyll a concentration (in µg/liter) which in turn is an indicator, at a given light level, of phytoplankton biomass; γ – slope of cp, indicator of tendencies of the particulate size distribution (Boss et al., 2001a and Boss et al., 2001b) ; s – slope of ag, indicator of CDM “flavor”.","Fluxes of CDM absorption from sediment to the water column were hypothesized to occur over the continental shelf (Boss et al., 2001c) and have been observed here.","This gradient has the opposite sign of the gradient in attenuation spectral slope observed when particulates are resuspended (Boss et al., 2001a); Resuspension and sinking of particulate material result in flattening of the attenuation spectral slope towards the bottom."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2710063414,"citingcorpusid":71332808,"citedcorpusid":8942715,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Pathophysiologically, a plausible explanation is that the presence of a CVC, as a non-biological surface in the bloodstream, activates the coagulation pathway, or induces endothelial trauma caused by the indwelling CVC or insertion procedures, or both [ 3 ].","However, chemotherapeutic agents and other medication are delivered into the bloodstream at the level of the superior caval vein/right atrium, whereas CVC-related thrombosis in the majority of cases is located at a more proximal level than the superior caval vein/right atrium [ 3 ]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3679313481,"citingcorpusid":247127210,"citedcorpusid":26636684,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However, SSRI-induced mydriasis does not appear to cause significant visual discomfort when not associated with acute angle closure glaucoma.(4) Patients using SNRIs have been found to have a larger pupil diameter, a shallower anterior chamber depth, and a lower intra-ocular pressure over long-term usage.","The last comprehensive review into the ocular side effects of psychotropic medications was published in 2010.(4) Since then, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants are used less commonly, with the selective or non-selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and norepinephrine reuptake pumps being more frequently prescribed for disorders associated with depression, anxiety, and stress.","Ocular structures were isolated, and the effects of psychotropic drugs were categorized accordingly.(4) One systematic review was on systemic medications and their ocular side effects although the complications associated with psychotropic medications were limited owing to the broad scope of the review.","Mydriasis is a common ocular side effect of the tricyclic antidepressants owing to their anticholinergic properties resulting in pupil dilation and possible blurry vision.(4,70) Tricyclic antidepressants have involvement in acute angle closure and a precipitation to acute angle closure glaucoma due to pupillary block secondary to pupillary dilatation."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":305088685,"citingcorpusid":21506107,"citedcorpusid":2958385,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For more success than in the last two decades, the development of MMP inhibitors as anti-cancer drug candidates must reflect these findings and consider other aspects, such as the complexity of the protease system in the cell (2), slow inhibition (3,4), and pharmacokinetics of the inhibitors (5)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3297133093,"citingcorpusid":159371247,"citedcorpusid":150684368,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…13 September 2017, the President of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, in his State of the Union Address 2017 proposed his own alternative, ambitious idea regarding EU’s future development in order to “build a more united, stronger, more democratic Europe for 2025” (Juncker, 2017, p. 2).","In the speech Juncker not only announced particular priorities and action in specific policy areas but also laid out his own ambitious vision of “a more united, stronger, more democratic Europe for 2025” (Juncker, 2017, p. 2).","For example, the French Left Party Member of European Parliament Jean-Luc Melenchon stated that «This is the end of a world that begins with this Brexit.","On 13 September 2017 the President of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, delivered the “State of the Union Address 2017” in the European Parliament (Juncker, 2017).","For instance, the President of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, peremptorily stated that the result “would not be the beginning of the end of the EU”, while the President of the European Parliament, Martin Schulz, calmly commented that “We respect the result."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3297226950,"citingcorpusid":159371247,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…regarding British status in the EU, in 2013 the then British Prime Minister, David Cameron, outlined the challenges facing Europe and declared to renegotiate British membership in the EU on the condition that his Conservative Party won an upcoming general election in 2015 (Cameron, 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2743713492,"citingcorpusid":73048326,"citedcorpusid":19511154,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The molecular mechanism behind the interaction between PAR2 and TRPV1 [68,  86 , 91] involves protein kinase C, which phosphorylates TRPV1 and thereby sensitizes it to activation by other stimuli [92, 93].","into the alimentary canal gives rise to pain in humans [79–84] and mice [85,  86 ].","In particular, application of a PAR2 agonist into the pancreatic duct sensitizes spinal afferents to the excitatory effect of capsaicin [91], and nociception caused by intracolonic capsaicin is facilitated following intraperitoneal administration of a PAR2 agonist to mice [ 86 ]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2285712371,"citingcorpusid":87599617,"citedcorpusid":4406589,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[", by using mouse models and human samples, demonstrated that dysregulation of lipid metabolism in NAFLD caused a selective loss of intrahepatic CD4 + , but not CD8 + , T lymphocytes, leading to accelerated hepatocarcinogenesis in mice [17].","induced hepatic CD4 + T lymphocyte death and delayed NAFLD-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis in mice [17].","T lymphocytes [17].","In a recent Nature article [17], Ma et al.","cell death [17].","[17]."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":450371387,"citingcorpusid":19010768,"citedcorpusid":1618037,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…such as the mechanisms that trigger saccades at the go-signal (Churchland et al. 2006), and the cumulative noise expected to arise in the recurrent connections required to maintain working memory in the stimulus–response interval (Compte et al. 2000; Chang et al. 2012; Wimmer et al. 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":450371672,"citingcorpusid":19010768,"citedcorpusid":15449146,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1C) and the noncommutativity of rotations (Tweed and Villis 1987; Crawford et al. 1999; Martinez-Trujillo et al. 2004; Keith et al. 2009).","The models described in the previous section were computed from target locations and 3D coil signals using mathematical conventions that have been described previously (Tweed and Villis 1987; Crawford et al. 1999; Martinez-Trujillo et al. 2004; Keith et al. 2009)."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2551080154,"citingcorpusid":88440430,"citedcorpusid":84128706,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Vakhrameev 1976; Hably 1980; Friis 1985; Walther 1985; Manchester 1986, 1994; Crane et al. 1988, 1993; Friis et al. 1988; Boulter and Kva cek 1989; Pigg and Stockey 1991; Pedersen et al. 1994; Krassilov and Shilin 1995; Knobloch 1997; Magallón-Puebla et al. 1997; Maslova 1997, 2002, 2003,…","…toothed; Man-\nchester 1986), Platanus neptuni (simple and pinnately veined; Bůžek et al. 1968; Kva cek 1970), and Platanus nobilis Newberry (simple with a large number of secondary veins and prominent teeth that are concave on the apical side and convex on the basal side; Pigg and Stockey 1991)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1769241945,"citingcorpusid":55146257,"citedcorpusid":154717061,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["When the instability is due to an increase of market volatilities, the flow of information may be improved which may lead to an increase of risk taking, resulting in an increase in the growth of a country (Blejer, 2006:3430).","An efficient financial system should lead to a smaller currency crisis risk, may give rise to a smaller loss when a financial crisis occurs, as well as\nshould provide more rapid growth to a country (Blejer, 2006:3432).","Not only the financial stability, but also the\nefficiency of the financial sector should be taken into account where the efficiency focuses on the transformation of resources into capital (Blejer, 2006:3431)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4084106954,"citingcorpusid":257671509,"citedcorpusid":37507110,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It sought to curb the increasing costs associated with imaging by decreasing the TC for each CPT code, which resulted in a 20% to 40% decline in reimbursement for the TC related to MRI CPT codes alone.(18,20) In 2015, if not replaced, the sustainable growth rate and Deficit Reduction Omnibus Reconciliation Act would have seen large reimbursement cuts, including a potential 21% decrease for physicians."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4084106692,"citingcorpusid":257671509,"citedcorpusid":9756091,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Each RVU was analyzed by the work, malpractice, and facility portions assigned by the CMS.","However, studies assessing this claim found that the efficiency gained was significantly smaller than the changes made by the CMS.(1,10) Despite these findings, the CMS expanded the MPPR to include noncontiguous imaging and different modalities performed on the same day.","The CF considers a variety of complex factors, including geographic location, and is adjusted yearly by the CMS.25 When the CF is not adjusted with inflation, physician compensation decreases, even though work RVUs remain constant.","However, studies assessing this claim found that the efficiency gained was significantly smaller than the changes made by the CMS.1,10 Despite these findings, the CMS expanded the MPPR to include noncontiguous imaging and different modalities performed on the same day."],"intents":[null,["result"],null,null]}
{"citationid":784505967,"citingcorpusid":17160610,"citedcorpusid":22377509,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, ethanol administration increases opioid peptide gene expression (de Waele et al. 1992; Gianoulakis et al. 1992; Froehlich 1995; Méndez and Morales-Mulia 2006; Méndez et al. 2008), brain enkephalin (Ng et al. 1996) and β-endorphin (Schulz et al. 1980) content and there is a positive…","Furthermore, ethanol administration increases opioid peptide gene expression (de Waele et al. 1992;  Gianoulakis et al. 1992 ; F roehlich1995 ;M endez and Morales-Mulia 2006 ;M endez et al.2008), brain enkephalin (Ng et al. 1996 )a ndβ-endorphin (Schulz et al. 1980) content and thereisa positive correlationbetween β-endorphin concentration and the risk in humans to develop alcoholism (Gianoulakis et al. 1996)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":130000312,"citingcorpusid":15435613,"citedcorpusid":8330743,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["!\nstudies on hypoxic and ischemic rodents have shown improvement in spatial learning (Chou et al., 2001) and acoustic discrimination performance (Threlkeld et al., 2009.","!\nbeen proposed to interfere with some aspects of language development in humans with abnormal brain development (Threlkeld et al., 2009).","Auditory discrimination is frequently impaired after neonatal brain damage in rats and after neuropathology in preterm human infants at risk of brain injuries (Benasich & Tallal, 2002; Threlkeld et al., 2009).","This variation in outcomes between Threlkeld et al. (2009) research and this current study may be influenced by differences in the methodology (more days of auditory stimulation in the juvenile period, 17 vs. 5 days) and the type of brain injury (mycrogyria vs.","Other beneficial effects were also observed with the use of auditory stimulation, such as improvements of acoustic discrimination performance and mitigating effects of cortical developmental anomalies (Threlkeld et al., 2009).","! been proposed to interfere with some aspects of language development in humans with abnormal brain development (Threlkeld et al., 2009).","Other studies have demonstrated how early auditory stimulation mitigates the long-term auditory processing deficits induced by hypoxia and ischemia in neonatal male rats, and improves some language capabilities in children (Krauss et al., 2014a; Krauss et al., 2014b; Threlkeld et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2193334491,"citingcorpusid":146548844,"citedcorpusid":152686629,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We investigate the sources of inequalities in funding among states, districts within states, schools within districts, classrooms within schools, and students within classrooms (Rothstein 2000).","If these elements of social structure matter, then our goal should be to provide universal access to medical care, housing vouchers (Rothstein 2000), communitybased economic development, and economically and racially integrated schools (Orfield, Eaton, and the Harvard Project 1996)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3570968573,"citingcorpusid":239999640,"citedcorpusid":11549480,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(Wilson et al., 2016), provides a basis for dialogue, which is “the essence of successful interdisciplinary working” (McCallin, 2004, p.","Understanding, respecting and valuing each other’s roles, responsibilities and unique contribution (Wilson et al., 2016), provides a basis for dialogue, which is “the essence of successful interdisciplinary working” (McCallin, 2004, p. 28)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3402442704,"citingcorpusid":236529832,"citedcorpusid":230488689,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Interestingly, a recent retrospective analysis indicated that compared to children, the expression level of ACE2 in lower pulmonary tract is much decreased in older COVID-19 patients who showed severe symptoms and poor prognosis [47]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2478927817,"citingcorpusid":154704989,"citedcorpusid":154081864,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[6], Grier [7], Hansson and Henrekson [30], Easterly and Rebelo [31], Levine and Renelt [8], Barro [32], Grier and Tullock [33], Landau [34, 35], Kormendi and Meguire [36], among others.","While there has not been a strong theoretical analysis of the effect of government expenditure on economic growth, this relationship has been examined empirically in a number of studies including Mo [28], Schaltegger and Torgler [29], Borcherding et al. [4], Fölster and Henrekson [5, 21], Agell et al. [6], Grier [7], Hansson and Henrekson [30], Easterly and Rebelo [31], Levine and Renelt [8], Barro [32], Grier and Tullock [33], Landau [34, 35], Kormendi and Meguire [36], among others."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2478927887,"citingcorpusid":154704989,"citedcorpusid":153452501,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", Musgrave [10]; Goffman and Mahar [11]; Gupta [12]; Bird [13]; Ganti and Kolluri [14]; Gandhi [15]; Henrekson [16]; Bohl [17]; Payne and Ewing [18]; and Wahab [19] to cite just a few) have empirically tested and analyzed the law.","Researchers (e.g., Musgrave [10]; Goffman and Mahar [11]; Gupta [12]; Bird [13]; Ganti and Kolluri [14]; Gandhi [15]; Henrekson [16]; Bohl [17]; Payne and Ewing [18]; and Wahab [19] to cite just a few) have empirically tested and analyzed the law."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":3810654865,"citingcorpusid":248918133,"citedcorpusid":15453682,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Sasdelli et al.(50) Italy 94 subjects with BD and MD 49.","HCL-32 DSM-IV-TR 8 Moderate†\nSasdelli et al.50 Italy 94 subjects with BD and MD 49.10±15.1 68 (72.3"],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3971723729,"citingcorpusid":253246520,"citedcorpusid":204800048,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The present study conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis on studies evaluating the effect of SSIs on adherence to ART among PLHIV.","The current systematic review and meta-analysis provides empirical quantitative evidence on impact of SSIs on adherence to ART.","Examining this hypothesis could help clarify to what extent the SSIs are effective in achieving optimal ART adherence.","Subgroup analyses indicated some significant moderators on SSIs effectiveness, namely study design, follow up duration, source of social support, and year of publication.","Some literature suggests that SSI may increase adherence to ART [10, 12–15], others suggest null or very small effects of SSI on improving adherence [21–25].","We also found that different sources of social support may modify the effect of SSIs on ART adherence.","A summary of the SSIs are reported in Table 2.","It was also surprising that most studies did not measure social support, while ideally social support should be measured at several different points in time to evaluate the association between SSI and adherence [45].","Potential moderators such as the study design, year of publication, follow up duration, source of social support, and quality score of the included studies that may affect the effectiveness of SSIs were also tested.","%) used a peers/friends SSI [15, 22, 25, 28, 29, 32, 34], two (12","Of the 17 included studies, seven (41%) used a peers/friends SSI [15, 22, 25, 28, 29, 32, 34], two (12%) used family/caregivers [14, 24], one (6%) used HIV-experienced clinicians SSI [12], and There was good agreement between the two reviewers concerning the methodological quality.","Five of the 17 reviewed studies (29%) referred to information motivation behavioral skills (IMB) theories and models [16, 22, 23, 28, 32], three studies (18%) used social action theory [14, 15, 30], two studies (12%) used problemsolving models [12, 13], one (6%) referred to social cognitive theory [21], one (6%) used pedagogical theory of Paolo Freire [31], and one study used social support theory [13].","In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of investigation on social support interventions (SSIs) as a facilitator to uptake of HIV testing, promote HIV antiretroviral therapy, and improve retention in care [3, 17].","…social support Measurement of Social support General or HIV specific support Measurement of satisfaction of social support intervention Use of theory\nAttonito et al., 2020(28) HHRP-A intervention A group-level risk-reduction intervention for PLHIV who have a history of alcohol abuse, eight 2-hour…","Attonito et al., 2020(28) USA Alcohol use disorders aged 18–60 years\n243 Between February 2009 and December 2012 About 4 years Type of measure(s): Subjective Adherence measure(s): The self-reported scale of Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA).","Developing SSIs based on social support theory and using appropriate measures of social support can help future researchers to more accurately assess the effectiveness of SSIs, as well as examine theoretical models linking social support to health outcomes.","Given the lack of clarity about the effects of SSIs on ART adherence, the aim of this study was to use the meta-analytic approach to evaluating the effectiveness of SSIs in improving adherence to ART among PLHIV.","%) used HIV-experienced clinicians SSI [12], and\nThere was good agreement between the two reviewers concerning the methodological quality.","Seven studies (41%) used emotional support [12, 16, 24, 25, 28, 29, 33], seven studies (41%) used some sort of tangible support [12, 13, 15, 16, 28, 32, 33], and six studies (35%) used a combination of at least three types of social support [12, 16, 25, 28, 29, 33]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":204060306,"citingcorpusid":15974392,"citedcorpusid":24466375,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Coordination differences were observed between skilled and unskilled participants (6); positive effects of training on coordination were also found (1, 7).","However, the angle-angle plots were often analyzed based on visual observation (1, 6, 7)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1853722564,"citingcorpusid":144842599,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Educators can no longer assume the roles of ‘expert’ and ‘instructor’ (Cranton 2006), but have to find new positions as ‘co-learners’, ‘reformers’ and ‘reflective practitioners’.","…(Pihl 2012a) are\n*Email: Helen.Avery@hlk.hj.se\n© 2015 Taylor & Francis\nIntercultural Education, 2014 Vol. 25, No. 6, 497–507, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2014.990279\noutlined in relation to different roles that the teacher (Cranton 2006) and the librarian (Klasson 1996) can assume.","outlined in relation to different roles that the teacher (Cranton 2006) and the librarian (Klasson 1996) can assume."],"intents":[null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3850206501,"citingcorpusid":251108568,"citedcorpusid":44775601,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["R es\npo ns e ra te To\nta l s\nco re\n(o ut\nof\ns ev\nen )\nRo jo\ne t a\nl. (2\n01 2)\n[3\n5] ★\n★ ★\n★ ★ ★\n★ ★\n- 8\nU nd\ner po\nw er\ned\nM c\nC ra\ny et\na l.\n(1 98\n6) [3\n3] -\n★ ★\n- -\n- 4\nU nd\ner po\nw er\ned\nBu ch\ner e\nt a l.\n(2 01\n1) [4\n2] ★\n★ ★\n★ ★ ★\n★ ★\n- 8\nU nd\ner po\nw er\ned\nthe risk of SSIs and that specifically alcohol-based chlorhexidine gluconate has the lowest risk of SSIs occurring postoperatively.","Direct extrapolation of effects from trials involving adults is not appropriate as physiologic characteristics and risk factors for SSIs differ between adults and children.","Based on multiple systemic literature reviews, the World Health Organization (WHO) [13, 14] as well as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) [15] and the Asia Pacific Society of Infection Control (APSIC) [16] have recently published guidelines on the prevention of SSIs.","(2011) [42] Retrospective case–control study 3b Meier et al.","The burden of SSIs is even higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) at 24.7% compared with 6.3% in high-income countries [11].","Four retrospective observational studies [9, 33–35] investigating risk factors for SSIs in children were identified in the literature search (Table 2).","Children have a different spectrum of comorbidities, physiological characteristics and therefore also have different risk factors for SSIs [42].","According to the World Health Organization (WHO) up to 50% of SSIs could be prevented [3].","Conclusion: Robust evidence on the optimal skin antisepsis to reduce SSIs in children is lacking.","This RCT investigating the efficacy of different sutures supports the use of more costly triclosan-coated sutures because of their efficacy in reducing SSIs in this vulnerable population.","There was only one further observational study recording the incidence of SSIs prospectively.","Against this background and the estimated number of 1.7 billion children per year in LMIC in need of surgery, prevention of SSIs is an essential part of improving health care for children globally [12].","Furthermore, even small efficacy advantages may translate into a large number of SSIs prevented.","SSIs are among the most common hospital acquired infections in children and represent a relevant burden to patients and their families as well as health care systems [1].","All types of SSIs were considered (superficial, deep wound, organ space)."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":2704482954,"citingcorpusid":93466042,"citedcorpusid":94910490,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To date, SPMDs are receiving increasing attention and are accepted as useful samplers for studies into spatial differences in concentrations and profiles of POPs in the atmosphere (Ockenden et al., 1998; Söderström and Bergqvist, 2003; Söderström et al., 2005; Bartkow et al., 2004; Van drooge et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1228394692,"citingcorpusid":198927755,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["com).[13] Musicals celebrate performative excess while disciplining other kinds of excess: differences of ability, gender, race, size, and sexuality.","[13] A prime example of this kind of article is Richard Patterson, “The Secrets to Broadway Bodies: How “Theatrical Ninjas” Stay Trim, Toned, and Tight for 8 Shows a Week,” Playbill."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1573794226,"citingcorpusid":128360541,"citedcorpusid":13283281,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["suggested that lncRNAs may give rise to small novel peptides [17].","Additionally, ribosome-profiling experiments have found abundant numbers of lncRNAs associated with ribosomes, suggesting they may actually be translated [17,34]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":983651314,"citingcorpusid":73557297,"citedcorpusid":154551635,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In contrast, Liu (2003) argues that the inventing and relabeling the sideshoots of mass tourism as alternative tourism lead to demise the authenticity further and ruin sustainability in the rural areas.","Otherwise, excluding rural communities in policy setting and strategy articulation leads to failure of tourism development programme (Lankford, 1994; Pearce, 1980).","In contrast, Liu (2003) argues that the inventing and relabeling the sideshoots of mass tourism as alternative tourism lead to demise the authenticity further and ruin sustainability in the rural areas. Cohen (1988) argues that the tourism establishments dominated tourist industry misleads tourists to believe in contrived attractions as ‘authentic’ by providing a ‘false touristic picture’."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1823219996,"citingcorpusid":212570524,"citedcorpusid":33811290,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The most complete model of such a complex setting is the anisotropic bidomain model that consists of a system of two degenerate parabolic reaction diffusion equations describing the intracellular and extracellular potentials in the cardiac muscle, coupled with a system of ordinary deferential equations describing the ionic currents flowing through the cellular membrane [3]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1817993882,"citingcorpusid":212447358,"citedcorpusid":6766094,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[14]\nBluestone et al. (2013) studied the effectiveness of various educational approaches.","She found that multiple and repetitive strategies that allow for interaction and application by learners, in conjunction with the media and the setting used to instruct, yield the best learning outcomes.[15] Didactic instruction was generally found not to be an effective learning strategy, as opposed to, interactive scenarios and feedback to the learner, which were both found to positively impact learning."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3175466084,"citingcorpusid":187258087,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se uma entrevista com a aplicação de um roteiro sistematizado, elaborado a partir do Modelo Calcary((11)), abordando a avaliação de estrutura (interna, externa e contexto) dessas famílias.","A Avaliação Estrutural(11) pretende conhecer os fatores de risco que causam quedas em crianças e consiste basicamente em responder às seguintes perguntas: quem faz parte da família?","A Avaliação Estrutural((11)) pretende conhecer os fatores de risco que causam quedas em crianças e consiste basicamente em responder às seguintes perguntas: quem faz parte da família? Qual o contexto da família? Nesse momento, ao avaliar uma família, é preciso que se avalie a estrutura interna, a estrutura externa e o contexto da família.","É através do Genograma e Ecomapa, que delineiam as estruturas externas e internas da família, que são identificados os membros que fazem parte da família, o vínculo afetivo entre eles e o contexto familiar((11,12)).","Portanto, o emprego do modelo Calgary de Avaliação Estrutural de famílias que tiveram crianças vítimas de quedas amplia a possibilidade de recursos metodológicos para a atuação de enfermeiras com famílias, proporcionando assim uma visão geral que indica intervenção para a prevenção de quedas na infância.","Durante a avaliação de uma família((11)) é preciso que o profissional examine sua estrutura, ou seja, quem faz parte dela, qual é o vínculo afetivo entre seus membros em comparação com os indivíduos de fora, e qual é o seu contexto.","Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se uma entrevista com a aplicação de um roteiro sistematizado, elaborado a partir do Modelo Calcary(11), abordando a avaliação de estrutura (interna, externa e contexto) dessas famílias.","Este modelo tem sido utilizado com bastante propriedade, pois facilita a organização dos dados no cuidado à família((11))."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1593595045,"citingcorpusid":187258087,"citedcorpusid":17911252,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Por isso, a prevenção das lesões deve iniciar a partir de estratégias educacionais e ambientais, porque o ambiente em que vivem as crianças, bem como as atividades em que estão envolvidas, propiciam a ocorrência de acidentes((24))."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":841330320,"citingcorpusid":3249129,"citedcorpusid":13166005,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recent reports reveal that FOXP3 expression appears widespread in normal epithelia and aberrant in various solid tumors including breast cancer [10], ovarian cancer [11], prostate cancer [12], and pancreatic carcinoma [13] and cells lines of colon cancer [14]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3249168315,"citingcorpusid":231913912,"citedcorpusid":213695900,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, for the stationary charging of electric vehicles (EVs), longer charging times and lower charging power levels are possible, while for the dynamic charging of EVs [1] and for electric ferry charging, high power levels are required to achieve a required amount of energy transfer within a limited time frame [2]."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":943736498,"citingcorpusid":35548755,"citedcorpusid":29989610,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Keeping core body temperature down may be an important preventive activity with hot flashes because core body temperature increases before hot flashes occur (Freedman, 1998)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1807194694,"citingcorpusid":211778335,"citedcorpusid":154892389,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The developed countries attach great importance to vocational education and their successful experiences are worth learning from [5-7]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":245211412,"citingcorpusid":43546818,"citedcorpusid":41430079,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There are many kinds of tunneling techniques and each of them has its own issues and challenges [6]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3139500655,"citingcorpusid":221034503,"citedcorpusid":82715064,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["of haemopoietic cytokine receptors, into which the A and D helixes of haemopoietic cytokines dock (Sprang and Bazan, 1993).","Breed., 63, 241–248, 2020\nof haemopoietic cytokine receptors, into which the A and D helixes of haemopoietic cytokines dock (Sprang and Bazan, 1993)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3754057560,"citingcorpusid":199000261,"citedcorpusid":2770996,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Previous evidence suggested that mice lacking KcNMA1, which encodes the pore-forming subunit of the BK channel, exhibit moderate ataxia (37); therefore, selective inhibition of BK channels in microglia is required for therapy."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4116225604,"citingcorpusid":258869759,"citedcorpusid":157275623,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[32] enumerate tactics for acquiring talent, such as outlining the necessary knowledge, abilities, and skills; hiring qualified people; encouraging collaboration between hiring and recruiting distinctions; emphasizing the experience, character, and culture of jobseekers; establishing effective interaction between various departments; involving stakeholders in the complete system; and putting in place an efficient system that can sort applicants, evaluate their qualifications, and make recommendations.","[32] distinguishes between recruitment, which deals with the methods of finding, attracting and hiring people, and talent acquisition, which deals with the tactics of hiring talent and is a one-time process.","One of the four main strategies of talent management, along with development, deployment, and retention, is talent acquisition [32]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1679121377,"citingcorpusid":68897080,"citedcorpusid":207570021,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As reported, the process of EGFR mediated endocytosis is strongly influenced by the applied targeting ligands [44].","In terms of studying biological samples, AFM presents significant advantages over other microscopic methods since it allows single-molecule level studies of the structure and interaction of complicated biomolecules and cells with nanometer spatial resolution [44]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":107659625,"citingcorpusid":6701037,"citedcorpusid":155019674,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2007) and “corporate coherence” (Dosi et al. 1992; Teece and Pisano 1994), organizational performance is increased where strategic decisions support and enable future choices of strategies.","Otherwise, corporate performance is simply the sum of the performances of the individual SBU’s (Dosi et al. 1992; Teece and Pisano 1994).","Drawing on the strategy literature on “horizontal” and “vertical” alignment (Kathuria et al. 2007) and “corporate coherence” (Dosi et al. 1992; Teece and Pisano 1994), organizational performance is increased where strategic decisions support and enable future choices of strategies."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2675578822,"citingcorpusid":26837640,"citedcorpusid":25299153,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Phillips, N., et al. (2004) Phosphorylation of the enteropathogenic E. coli receptor by the Src-family kinase c-Fyn triggers actin pedestal formation.","Likewise, Tir is phosphorylated by the protein kinase Fyn [42] a member of the Src kinase family [41]."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1852079441,"citingcorpusid":21804629,"citedcorpusid":98065472,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The DMSO-soluble aromatic compounds are first extracted into cyclohexane and then extracted with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO).","This is then back-extracted into fresh pentane or cyclohexane by addition of water to the DMSO (Blackburn et al., 1996; Gray et al., 2013; Roy et al., 1985, 1988, 1994).","Aromatic-ring class (ARC) profile: the wt.% of each class of the DMSO-soluble 1–7 and larger aromatic-ring compounds present in a petroleum substance as determined by the Method II\nchemical characterization procedure (See Section 2.4), e.g., the ARC 3 value would be the wt.% of the DMSO-soluble 3-ring aromatic compounds within the petroleum substance."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":3965939256,"citingcorpusid":248189402,"citedcorpusid":68580066,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["They hold emotional and economic value for the parents (Abebe, 2008; Antoniou, 2007; Chant and Jones, 2005; Punch, 2001; Qamar, 2014).","Hence, the cultural meaning of children’s economic value is entwined with their familial value (Abebe, 2008; Abebe and Kjørholt, 2009; Antoniou, 2007; Pribilsky, 2001; Punch, 2001; Qamar, 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1013100165,"citingcorpusid":23553122,"citedcorpusid":85172629,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ELISA-based assays have been applied to detect the parasite antigen in the serum samples.[21,22] ELISA though moderately sensitive and specific, it is expensive and requires high technical expertise, constant availability of reagents, and difficult to adopt in poorly equipped laboratories.","Sensitivity of this LAT was less than the sensitivity of the ELISA as reported by various authors for the serum antigen.[21,22]"],"intents":[null,["result"]]}
{"citationid":1619940051,"citingcorpusid":49675981,"citedcorpusid":670902,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Lipid extraction and analysis using electron spray ionization and MS/MS were performed at Lipotype, GmbH (Dresden, Germany), as described previously (40, 41)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3502528703,"citingcorpusid":236914307,"citedcorpusid":122228591,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, to compare and evaluate estimates from one ASD assessment tool across various regional/cultural groups, its structure should be invariant, namely that cross-cultural measurement invariance exists (Byrne & Watkins, 2003; Dimitrov, 2010; He & van de Vijver, 2012).","From a psychometric point of view, the latter is only possible if evaluation methods operate the same way and underlying constructs have the same theoretical structure across two or more regional/ cultural groups (Dimitrov, 2010), what is cross-cultural/ regional measurement invariance as an indicator of cross-cultural validity."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1898545277,"citingcorpusid":74793645,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The light touch-deep pressure threshold end-stage score for 3 digits on each hand: thumb (1), index (2), and little (5) by 5-year age increments","Those who have aged successfully, the well-elderly, are able to exhibit the following behaviors: (1) low risk of disease and disease-related disability, (2) high mental and physical function, and (3) active engagement with life.","Inclusionary criteria for this study were as follows: (1) low risk of disease and disease-related disability, (2) high mental and physical function, and (3) active engagement with life."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1659926920,"citingcorpusid":206009870,"citedcorpusid":12144676,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Cases with neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism show severe hyperparathyroid bone disease as neonates.((52,53,55)) This has not been extensively analyzed, but it has seemed appropriate for the extremely high PTH in the fetus or in neonates.","Although there is evidence for CaSRs in mouse bone,((55)) their role in man has seemed small or absent."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1927841514,"citingcorpusid":104439141,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…acid (g/kg)\nTotal acid (g/kg)\nTotal polyphenol (mg/kg)\nFourie et al., 1991 Bosc 13.6 49.9 30.9\nMorvai & Molnár-Perl 1992 Bosc 19.9 55 6.1 0.6 2.6\nSOUCI et al, 2000 not given 15–16.9 60.7–77 12.4–25 1.4 1.7\nUSDA database not given 27.6 62.3 7.8\nfineli database not given 20 42 8 4\nHudina et al.,…"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3705300856,"citingcorpusid":39492384,"citedcorpusid":24127755,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The removal efficiencies obtained for total chemical oxygen demand (CODtot) achieved in R1 and R2 increased by 14%, 21% and 12% and 18%, 3% and 16%, respectively, under three different HRTs, as compared to those in R3 (Chen et al., 2014h).","Also, the maximum adsorption capacities for Cr(VI) ranged from 46.23 to 55.19 mg/g whereby the thermodynamic sorption indicated that the sorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature (Chen et al., 2014e)."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":154841239,"citingcorpusid":15738345,"citedcorpusid":123762581,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[2] and Ref.","In order to simplify expression, GWP shows the algorithm in Ref.[2] and WYQ indicates the algorithm in Ref.","In order to simplify expression, GWP shows the algorithm in Ref.","[2] and WYQ indicates the algorithm in Ref.","Noise reduction is also considered in Ref.","Although many enhancing algorithms have been proposed([1]), either noise in the image is not considered([2]), or high image quality is demanded, or the statistic properties are employed to approximate the de-noising threshold and the noise in the image is mostly considered to be gauss white noise([3]).","The quality for enhanced image is evaluated employing the measure function, which was proposed in Ref.","Noise reduction is also considered in Ref.[2] and Ref."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":541822379,"citingcorpusid":21776552,"citedcorpusid":246214149,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The identification of two koniocortical domains, splitting the region lengthwise, has been suggested previously for humans (Hopf, 1954; Sarkissow et al., 1955; Galaburda and Sanides, 1980).","…1909; Vogt and Vogt, 1919; Flechsig, 1920; von Economo and Koskinas, 1925; Beck, 1928; von Economo, 1929; von Economo and Horn, 1930; Poljak, 1932; Hopf, 1954; Blinkov, 1955; Braak, 1978; Galaburda and Sanides, 1980; Seldon 1981a,b, 1982; Ong and Garey, 1990; Rademacher et al., 1993; Rivier and…","…1929; human: Campbell, 1905; Brodmann, 1909; Vogt and Vogt, 1919; Flechsig, 1920; von Economo and Koskinas, 1925; Beck, 1928; von Economo, 1929; von Economo and Horn, 1930; Poljak, 1932; Hopf, 1954; Pandya and Sanides, 1973; Galaburda and Sanides, 1980; Seldon 1981a,b, 1982; Morosan et al., 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":1850639097,"citingcorpusid":10172001,"citedcorpusid":45115501,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["One reason for the reduction in ETS performed could be the Hawthorne effect, that is, a temporary change in surgeons’ behavior simply because they knew they were receiving increased attention.(18) Alternatively, the surgeons may have changed their patients’ decisions by providing more objective information about long-term efficacy and safety when discussing ETS."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1850639142,"citingcorpusid":10172001,"citedcorpusid":3791845,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Primary hyperhidrosis is a disorder of excessive sweating due to unknown etiology that usually occurs early in adolescence, involving focal areas such as hands, axillae, feet, face, or the entire body.(4) Treatment choices include topical agents, systemic anticholinergics, iontophoresis, botulinum toxin injections, and surgical intervention.","These findings were consistent with the recommendations published by The Canadian Hyperhidrosis Advisory Committee, which suggested topical agents and botulinum toxin injection to be first-line therapy and that ETS should be considered only after failure of all other treatment options, even for severe cases.(4)"],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":1862417395,"citingcorpusid":196649191,"citedcorpusid":15443063,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…as by genetic association, VPS10P domain receptors have also been implicated in brain pathologies by expression studies identifying altered receptor levels in the diseased brains of patients or animal models (Andersen et al., 2005; Finan et al., 2011; Reitz et al., 2013; Saadipour et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1862417660,"citingcorpusid":196649191,"citedcorpusid":663609,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…sorting and fusion machineries, including SNARE proteins SNAP23 (Fournier and Robinson, 2006) and syntaxin 1a (Yu et al., 2006), small GTPase Rab11 (González et al., 2007), clathrin adaptor Numb (Su et al., 2016), scaffold protein PDZK1, and clathrin adaptor complex AP2 (D’ Amico et al., 2010).","Within cells, a large fraction of EAAT3 resides in the endosomal compartment, particularly in Rab11-positive recycling endosomes that play a crucial role in EAAT3 intracellular sorting and targeting to the plasma membrane (González et al., 2007; Su et al., 2016).","Proteins involved recycling of EAAT3 identified so far belong to the core components of intracellular membrane sorting and fusion machineries, including SNARE proteins SNAP23 (Fournier and Robinson, 2006) and syntaxin 1a (Yu et al., 2006), small GTPase Rab11 (González et al., 2007), clathrin adaptor Numb (Su et al., 2016), scaffold protein PDZK1, and clathrin adaptor complex AP2 (D’ Amico et al., 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":4021273300,"citingcorpusid":255103521,"citedcorpusid":85540581,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["NGOs emerged in the 1980s in Pakistan with financial support from western donors (Brinkerhoff 2003; Salim et al. 2012; Bano 2018; Borchgrevink 2017).","Therefore, attaining public legitimacy through the media can enhance an NGO’s impact and legitimacy in its beneficiary communities (Borchgrevink 2017; Popplewell 2018; Schlesinger et al. 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2596453523,"citingcorpusid":55397287,"citedcorpusid":84737617,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The species Tithonia diversifolia observed to be browsed by cattle in Kenya (Roothaert & Franzel, 2001) was not known to be grazed by cattle according to farmers of Kaliro District.","Twenty four of these species are widely exploited by livestock in other parts of Uganda (Mpairwe et al., 1998) and elsewhere in Africa, for example, Kenya (Roothaert & Paterson, 1997), Zimbabwe (Dzowela et al., 1997), Ethiopia (El Hassan et al., 2000), Nigeria (Ibewiro et al., 2000), Rwanda (Niang et al., 1998), Mozambique (Muir & Alage, 2001), and other parts of Africa (Burkill, 1997).","…four of these species are widely exploited by livestock in other parts of Uganda (Mpairwe et al., 1998) and elsewhere in Africa, for example, Kenya (Roothaert & Paterson, 1997), Zimbabwe (Dzowela et al., 1997), Ethiopia (El Hassan et al., 2000), Nigeria (Ibewiro et al., 2000), Rwanda (Niang et…"],"intents":[null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1681047368,"citingcorpusid":193806896,"citedcorpusid":147089024,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similarly, Benson and Spilka (1973) empirically tested hypotheses about the relationship between God images and psychological functioning.","Similarly, Benson and Spilka (1973) empirically tested hypotheses about the relationship between God images and psychological functioning. Specifically, they assessed how well an individual’s self-esteem predicted their type of God image. Benson and Spilka found that self-esteem was positively related to loving God images, and negatively related to rejecting, impersonal, and controlling God images. Along similar lines, Foster and Keating (1990) studied the effects of gender on God images."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3348403143,"citingcorpusid":235127814,"citedcorpusid":2800641,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The role of previously studied lncRNAs, such as homeobox transcriptional antisense RNA (HOTAIR) and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma (MALAT1), maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), taurine upregulated1 (TUG1), and nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) (Zhou et al., 2007; Benetatos et al., 2008; Cho et al., 2014; Isin et al., 2014; Handa et al., 2017; Amodio et al., 2018; Dahai et al., 2019; Taiana et al., 2019; Shehata et al., 2020), have been widely accepted for their biological functions and mechanisms in the development of MM."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":309176814,"citingcorpusid":2256275,"citedcorpusid":10058924,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Japanese study concluded that allo-SCT is not necessarily recommended for inv(16) in CR1 and that inv(16) patients who received an allo-SCT not in CR did significantly better than those with t(8;21) [2].","However, important differences on clinical and biological ground are reported [1,2].","Although CBF-AML patients share a common molecular pathogenetic event, nominally the creation of a fusion protein involving a CBF gene unit, these two types of AML differ with regard to morphologic presentation, immunophenotypic marker expression, prognostic factors, and response to treatments, and should be considered as distinct clinical entities [1,2]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3607339713,"citingcorpusid":240202383,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Previous literature has found that the educational environment and student personality are the dominant factors affecting academic resilience [10, 19, 20, 24, 25, 26].","This indicates that numerous factors can influence career choice motivation, and these factors then influence the academic skills when they are undergoing the educational process [10], so that students have academic resilience.","Furthermore, career choice motivation is influenced by individual and environmental conditions [10].","experiences related to health, and parental motivation are also factors that influence career choices [10].","Academic resilience is the capacity of students as a result of the process of overcoming difficulties and maintaining goals during the educational process [9, 10, 12, 13]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":962663430,"citingcorpusid":67820869,"citedcorpusid":71562462,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and incidence of IPIs including age, low level of education, contact with livestock (Kiani et al., 2016), seasons (Fallah, Pirali-Kheirabadi, Shirvani, & Saei-Dehkordi, 2012; Kiani et al., 2016), sex (Nematian, Nematian, Gholamrezanezhad, & Asgari, 2004), and location (Badparva et al., 2014).",", 2016), sex (Nematian, Nematian, Gholamrezanezhad, & Asgari, 2004), and location (Badparva et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":838759142,"citingcorpusid":52011608,"citedcorpusid":79704141,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As RBC folate is a marker of long-term folate status and a large proportion of participants appeared deficient, it could indicate that consumption of folate-rich foods is inadequate, given that dietary intake is a major influencer of folate biomarkers [52,53] and intake was shown to be low in this study.","Incomplete liberation from cellular structures in the food matrix, and other dietary components, including ascorbic acid, have also been shown to influence absorption [52,54,56]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1096553078,"citingcorpusid":52085272,"citedcorpusid":34923034,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Spatial heterogeneity is dri - ven by ecological interactions such as consumer− resource dynamics (Tegner & Dayton 2000, Graham 2004, Steneck et al. 2013, Díaz & McQuaid 2014).","…the role of herbivores is especially relevant in human-disturbed communities where impacts on the spatial distribution and composition of primary producers can be either compensated or intensified by herbivory (Tegner & Dayton 2000, Steneck et al. 2002, 2013, Graham 2004, Tamburello et al. 2014).","In temperate habitats, kelp species are harvested through whole-plant or vegetative tissue removal (Tegner & Dayton 2000, Steneck et al. 2002, 2013, Vásquez 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":566586312,"citingcorpusid":54616742,"citedcorpusid":84574426,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Another approach to modelling diet consumption used prey concentration (as a proxy of encounter rate) and prey size to predict the diet of planktivorous bluegill (Werner & Hall 1974, O’Brien et al. 1976)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2729607830,"citingcorpusid":13382519,"citedcorpusid":42530447,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The tool was successfully used for proving small examples like Dijkstra’s Dutch Flag algorithm or basic properties of a method in a JavaCard applet provided by the Schlumberger company for the IST VerifiCard project [8,  13 ]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1114695489,"citingcorpusid":144923638,"citedcorpusid":7781661,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Une comparaison des résultats obtenus lors de validations du SCARED auprès de cultures différentes (par ex., chez les Chinois Su et al., 2008; les Afro-Américains, Boyd,\nGinsburg, Lambert, Cooley & Campbell, 2003; les groupes multiethniques, Wren et al., 2007) suggère la prudence quant à la…","Une comparaison des résultats obtenus lors de validations du SCARED auprès de cultures différentes (par ex., chez les Chinois Su et al., 2008; les Afro-Américains, Boyd,\nGinsburg, Lambert, Cooley & Campbell, 2003; les groupes multiethniques, Wren et al., 2007) suggère la prudence quant à la généralisation des résultats concernant la structure de l’outil.","…les items 11 et 14 évaluant la nervosité générale se sont avérés souvent problématiques dans les études précitées (par ex., Muris et al., 1999b; Su et al., 2008), peut-être parce qu’ils n’évaluent pas un symptôme propre à un trouble anxieux, mais plutôt un état sous-jacent à…","…épidémiologiques, Costello et ses collègues (2005) ont conclu que, de façon générale, les filles sont plus nombreuses que les garçons à présenter des troubles anxieux, ce qui concorde avec plusieurs études antérieures (par ex., Hale, Raaijmakers, Muris, & Meeus, 2005; Su et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2529846277,"citingcorpusid":2533205,"citedcorpusid":7781661,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These findings are consistent with other previous studies that supported the fivefactor structurebyCFA (Crocetti et al., 2009;Hale et al., 2005;Muris, Merckelbach, Schmidt, & Mayer, 1999; Su et al., 2008).","Consistent withmost studies demonstrating gender differences n anxiety symptoms (Birmaher et al., 1997; Boyd et al., 2003; ssau et al., 2002; Muris, Schmidt, et al., 2002; Su et al., 2008; ren et al., 2007), our data suggested that females had significantly igher rates on the total score and on all scores of the SCARED ubscales when compared to males.","Meanwhile, data had demonstrated hat the SCARED presented good internal consistency as well as ood test–retest reliability (Birmaher et al., 1997, 1999; Boyd et al., 003; Essau et al., 2002; Haley et al., 2011; Muris, Merckelbach, an Brakel, et al., 1999; Su et al., 2008), parent–child correlation Birmaher et al.",", 2002), as well as Chinese youth studies (14.99; Su et al., 2008).",", 2004), convergent validity (Boyd et al., 003; Essau et al., 2002; Muris et al., 1998; Muris, Merckelbach, t al., 2002; Monga et al., 1998; Su et al., 2008) and discriminant alidity (Birmaher et al."],"intents":[["result"],["result"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":888153812,"citingcorpusid":33091555,"citedcorpusid":7781661,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Chinese version of SCARED has shown satisfactory psychometric properties among adolescent samples and a cutoff score of 25 has been suggested for identifying probable clinical anxiety (Su et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":915467237,"citingcorpusid":8285716,"citedcorpusid":20781871,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There are three distinct isoforms of VGLUTs with similar transport characteristics but which exhibit an essentially complementary pattern of expression in primary sensory neurons (Todd et al., 2003; Neumann et al., 2008; Seal et al., 2009).","VGLUT1-positive afferents terminate in lamina III ⁄ IV and the inner part of lamina II (IIi) in dorsal horn, forming synapses with PKCc interneurons in dorsal horn (Todd et al., 2003; Neumann et al., 2008).","exhibit an essentially complementary pattern of expression in primary sensory neurons (Todd et al., 2003; Neumann et al., 2008; Seal et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":591896449,"citingcorpusid":55719925,"citedcorpusid":84574426,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["as a result of optimal foraging (Werner and Hall, 1974; Pyke et al., 1977).","For young fish that are larger than larvae, non-random consumption of available prey might result from differences in prey visibility or capture rates and differences in ‘‘preference’’ by the fish e.g. as a result of optimal foraging (Werner and Hall, 1974; Pyke et al., 1977)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3070084854,"citingcorpusid":53180678,"citedcorpusid":84574426,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Studies in the laboratory have shown that predators do to some extent choose where to feed (Krebs, Ryan 8z Charnov 1974; Smith & Sweatman 1974) and what to eat (Werner & Hall 1974; Hainsworth & Wolf 1976) on the basis of maximizing energy gain."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1572652823,"citingcorpusid":201678472,"citedcorpusid":84574426,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Larger prey can also be seen at greater distance, as predicted by the Reactive Field Volume Model (Werner & Hall 1974).","Mechanistic foraging models that account for visual reactive field volumes (Werner & Hall 1974), prey visibility (Zaret & Kerfoot 1975), prey motion (Zaret 1980a) and the apparent size of prey (O'Brien et al. 1976) have been developed for zooplanktivorous fish.","Probabilistic attack may depend upon a number of factors: hunger level (Bence & Murdoch 1986), prey profitability (Werner & Hall 1974), palatability, apparent size of prey (O'Bnen et al. 1976), and prey motion (Zaret 1980a)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3483138795,"citingcorpusid":237566170,"citedcorpusid":206636661,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The results of this study, together with previous literature (Winkelmann and Klaine, 1991; Blumhorst and Weber, 1994; Abdelhafid et al., 2000; Flores et al., 2009; Lima et al., 2009; Kerminen et al., 2018), strongly suggest that chemical dissipation could be the first natural purification method to remove persistent organic pollutants from the environment.","Chemical atrazine dissipation is common in soil without a previous history of atrazine use (Blumhorst and Weber, 1994), and microbial degradation has hardly been observed (Lima et al., 2009), as could also be seen from the results of this study."],"intents":[["result"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":898297023,"citingcorpusid":59501777,"citedcorpusid":143802175,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["As van Ameijde et al. (2009) state, the problem is “exacerbated by the fact that higher education institutions have unique cultural characteristics which make the translation from management principles derived from the private-sector to a higher education context problematic” (p. 764).","Its principles of welcomed input, fluid boundaries, and experts leading particular situations mesh well with the notions of collegiality and autonomy (van Ameijde et al., 2009).","Such a shift has created increased administrative control and caused tension between administrators and university professors, students, and staff (van Ameijde et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2369390238,"citingcorpusid":25344801,"citedcorpusid":21963985,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thus, HPV-transformed cells typically exhibit p16INK4a overexpression in the presence of proliferation [9]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1179701668,"citingcorpusid":21679464,"citedcorpusid":21963985,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The immunostained tissue sample in our study contained three labels: 1) the counterstain that labels every nucleus (Hematoxylin [H]), 2) the chromogen (fast red) that labels a nucleus bound IHC biomarker (the Ki-67 antigen), and 3) the chromogen (DAB) that visualizes the other IHC biomarker (the p16 antigen), which is localized in the nuclei and cytoplasm [8]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2285780991,"citingcorpusid":62823562,"citedcorpusid":154517030,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["V No.2.2015- 912\nsearch have been conducted within the tourism context (Döring, 2008); for example, Pan and Fesenmaier (2006) and Xiang et al. (2008) found that people follow a reasonably structured process as they use the Internet for travel planning.","In addition, Wöber (2006), Xiang et al. (2008); Xiang, Gretzel and Fesenmaier (2008) as well as Xiang and Pan (2009) concluded that search engines provide a simplified view of tourism space (i.e., those websites that are available through a search engine), and this view changes daily.","With respect to user queries, studies by Jansen and his colleagues, and more recently by Xiang et al. (2008) indicate that users’ questions tend to be short, consisting of less than four keywords."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3217014561,"citingcorpusid":227080093,"citedcorpusid":221201736,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["conducted a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial in adolescents with ASD in which they evaluated the effectiveness of pregnenolone as add-on therapy to risperidone [216]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":856720925,"citingcorpusid":25590548,"citedcorpusid":6155760,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The origin of the hamster-adapted 263K strain involved a series of passages: sequentially from the drowsy goat into rats and then into hamsters (Kimberlin and Walker, 1977, 1986).","The 263K strain of scrapie has the shortest incubation period and the highest infectivity of any of the hamster-adapted strains (Kimberlin and Walker, 1977)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1549627537,"citingcorpusid":199560740,"citedcorpusid":67005294,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["More recently we propose with Mathurin Massias, Olivier Fercoq and Alexandre Gramfort another formulation better suited for coordinate descent optimization for simple heteroscedastic models [JS-Preprint4], with a particular emphasis on block-wise homoscedastic models encountered in neuro-imaging."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1173802539,"citingcorpusid":169962036,"citedcorpusid":55489452,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Testing both Rock’s winner’s curse and Welch’s herding theory, Amihud, Hauser, and Kirsh (2003) found that underpricing is negatively related to the rate of allocation to uninformed investors which confirms the presence of adverse selection."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3359911204,"citingcorpusid":235354662,"citedcorpusid":220948579,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, wheat straw was pretreated combining the microwave treatment (360W, 8 min) with DESs (ChCl:FA 1:3), obtaining maximum total sugars (619 mg/g) being twice in comparison with those in the single DES treatment (Isci et al., 2020).","Themicrowave interacts with polar molecules and leads to rapid and volumetric heating (Isci et al., 2020)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1173551008,"citingcorpusid":149806126,"citedcorpusid":33754281,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Среди показаний для использова­ ния пессариев: ✓ пролапс матки любой степени с  наличием или без ассоцииро­ ванных симптомов [16, 17]; ✓ симптоматический пролапс лю­ бой степени, когда хирургичес­ кое вмешательство невозможно (нежелание пациентки, наличие противопоказаний) [16]; ✓ стрессовое недержание мочи на фоне пролапса [17]; ✓ уродинамическая оценка скрыто­ го недержания мочи в предопера­ ционном периоде (прогнозиро­ вание результатов оперативного вмешательства) [18, 19]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":847122492,"citingcorpusid":2019968,"citedcorpusid":9487001,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["pxCECA1 has been previously reported (Eum et al. 2007; Barandoc et al. 2010), but to date, there have been no studies on its biological activity.","2) (Lidholm et al. 1987; Barandoc et al. 2010).","Since insects have no adaptive immunity, their innate immune systemmust build both cellular and humoral responses against various pathogens; inducible AMPs play an important role in this humoral response (Barandoc et al. 2010).","…system for production of AMPs, we chose to purify and characterize a promising candidate AMP: cecropin-like peptide from Plutella xylostella (pxCECA1). pxCECA1 has been previously reported (Eum et al. 2007; Barandoc et al. 2010), but to date, there have been no studies on its biological activity."],"intents":[null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":896796830,"citingcorpusid":2245645,"citedcorpusid":9487001,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some antimicrobial peptides, such as moricin and gloverin, were previously found not to be induced by bacterial challenge of lepidopteran larvae, while lysozyme and cecropins are wellknown inducible antimicrobial peptides [12,38].","No virus replication occurs in parasitized larvae; however expression of encapsidated PDV genes induces different physiological modifications such as interruption of the larval endocrine system and suppression of the host immune system [12-15]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":305057444,"citingcorpusid":7493071,"citedcorpusid":45050546,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Cancer cells have been shown to produce nagalase [15] and elevated concentrations in serum have been recorded in a number of cancer patients suffering from melanoma [16], prostate, colorectal, and metastatic breast cancer [7–9]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1561553762,"citingcorpusid":52177596,"citedcorpusid":42410579,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In contrast, purinergic NMT often plays a more prominent role in phasic GI muscles that are involved in the mixing and propulsion of luminal contents (e.g. intestine; Gallego et al. 2016)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2070709179,"citingcorpusid":13194042,"citedcorpusid":36801387,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Naringenin (50) showed no activity at all which shows that planar structure is necessary for the activity [37,38]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2534017933,"citingcorpusid":11205951,"citedcorpusid":152052698,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Fitzgerald, Buchanan, Collinsworth, Magley, & Ramos, 1999; Hitlan, Schneider, & Walsh, 2006) and intensity have been associated with more negative appraisals of the harassment (Collinsworth, 2004; Kinney, 2003; Reed, 2004), and consequently, poorer mental and physical health (de Haas et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1835589871,"citingcorpusid":212715269,"citedcorpusid":22445441,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Animals were maintained in an institutional animal household and given unrestricted access to food and water.(32) For each group of rabbits, the right eyes were treated with 100 μL of AT-PLGA-CS-NPs (F1 in case of Group I), AT-PLGA-CS-NPs in thermosensitive gel (F2 for Group II), free AT in thermosensitive gel (F3 for Group III), and AT suspended in double-distilled water (F4 for Group IV)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4030420743,"citingcorpusid":255449818,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["CONCLUSIONS (1) Analysis of the Carnot and Rankine cycles for the two-phase loop in thermal control systems permits assessment of the influence of a power unit on the mass of the cooling radiators.","(1) Correspondingly, for a two-phase loop with a wasteheat power unit we may write","(1): F1 = We calculate the area of a radiator with a wasteheat power unit from Eq.","(1) and (2), Q1 is the heat sent to the working f luid in the two-phase loop from the source; Q2 is the heat released into space by the radiators; Т1 is the heat-source temperature, which is the same as the steam temperature at the input to the power unit (for a spacecraft, this is the instrument temperature); Т2 is the steam temperature at the output from the power unit, which is also the steam temperature at the input to the cooling radiator; ε is the emissivity of the radiator; λ is the radiator efficiency; and σ is the Stefan– Boltzmann temperature."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":209626132,"citingcorpusid":27805258,"citedcorpusid":94763243,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…values in gel can be obtained by increasing amount of carrageenan, which stood responsible for the buildup of a continuous network (Trckova et al., 2004) ultimately reducing the occurrence of syneresis (Therkelsen, 1993; Langendorff et al., 1997; Bourriot et al., 1999; Verbeken et al., 2006).",", 2004) ultimately reducing the occurrence of syneresis (Therkelsen, 1993; Langendorff et al., 1997; Bourriot et al., 1999; Verbeken et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2273465653,"citingcorpusid":55749716,"citedcorpusid":110296838,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…in contexts of application as diverse as higher education organizations (Jones 2013, Lozano et al. 2013); small and medium sized companies (Bocken et al. 2014); corporate firms (Wesselink et al. 2015); in connection to key competencies (cf. Wiek et al. 2011) and organizational learning…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3505519251,"citingcorpusid":237935609,"citedcorpusid":8694677,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Atelocollagen has been broadly applied in the regeneration of cartilage [34,40,41], intervertebral disc [42], cornea [43], periodontal tissues [44], and skin [45] to serve as a carrier for cell delivery and to provide an appropriate microenvironment for tissue regeneration.","In addition, atelocollagen has been proven to enable a gradual proliferation and matrix synthesis of chondrocytes, which allow chondrocytes to maintain their phenotype for up to 4 weeks in vitro [40]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3805874502,"citingcorpusid":250006764,"citedcorpusid":234360345,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Specifically, we aimed to (1) characterize the frequency and relative risk (RR) of neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular, and immune-mediated diseases in patients with COVID-19, and (2) to compare the risk of being diagnosed with a neurological disease after COVID19 to the risk after influenza A/B and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia.","Included individuals were (1) hospitalized patients tested for COVID-19, influenza, or diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia during admission (referred to as “inpatients”), and (2) non-hospitalized patients tested during ambulatory visits, or healthy individuals tested in hospital-based facilities that serve the general population (referred to as “outpatients”).","Neurological symptoms, including headache and anosmia, are present in more than 80% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients (1, 2)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":396966122,"citingcorpusid":7973238,"citedcorpusid":32051526,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thus, \npredicting unknown protein-protein interactions existing datasets of protein-protein interactions are \nunsu­based on computational methods is important and essential pervised datasets in nature.1 Particularly, \nwe present a new to understanding biological roles of proteins."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":978615612,"citingcorpusid":62822866,"citedcorpusid":26482944,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Early humans acquired the knowledge on plants’ therapeutic values through many years of vigilant observations, experience and trial and error experiments (Karunamoorthi et al., 2013a, 2012; Martin, 1995; Sofowora, 1982).","Globally, over thousand plants have been used as potential antimalarials in the resource-poor settings due to fragile/limited health-care systems, which quite often fail to meet the expectations of the needy poor people (Karunamoorthi et al., 2013b).","In the resource-limited settings, these plants are one of the longest-serving companions for the rural poor due to their easier accessibility and affordability (Karunamoorthi et al., 2013; Roberson, 2008).","However, their clinical efficacy, quality and safety need to be scientifically evaluated and proved (Karunamoorthi et al., 2013b)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3128817664,"citingcorpusid":221524241,"citedcorpusid":211192082,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["tation programme [10,49] and two other telemonitoring interventions [21,34].","[49] Systematic Review Feb, 2020 Literature review focused on telemedicine in COPD in China Telemedicine in China can improve the quality of life (CAT score) and reduce the rates of hospitalization in COPD."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3662060145,"citingcorpusid":140912617,"citedcorpusid":141626444,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The narratives are dis-\ncussed in Bozack, Vega, McCaslin, and Good (2008).","The achievement effects of Comprehensive School Reform (CSR) programs have been studied through the use of input-output models, in which type of CSR program is the input and student achievement is the output (see McCaslin & Good, 2008).","The previous article (Good, 2008) addressed one area of the black box by assessing principals’ perspectives, including their beliefs about the teaching practices in their schools."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3798069094,"citingcorpusid":249871385,"citedcorpusid":77878864,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The sypmtoms of histadelia include high academic achievement, perfectionism, high self esteem, obsession and compulsion, less than average need for sleep, overstimulation with productivity, and frequent allergic reactions [14,15].","As a result, we speculate that high histamine is protective for patients with AR in terms of social ability and depression [14]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1525047539,"citingcorpusid":188366929,"citedcorpusid":145800875,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["in groups and also fosters creativity (Gino et al., 2010)."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":4029186646,"citingcorpusid":255400904,"citedcorpusid":119987109,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1 3 is the conformal mapping [46, 47], where the mesh is generated by solving a pair of Laplace’s equations:"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4055798192,"citingcorpusid":256616272,"citedcorpusid":119987109,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The multi-surface method ([19],[23]) is a related unidirectional interpolation procedure.","Linearization by replacement of certain metric coefficients in these equations with specified functions can be considered [19], but this approach is likely to lead to distorted grids with more general shapes and configurations.","Some problems in this regard were experienced in ref [19].","Simple on-dimensional stretching involves only the use of transformation functions and is often applied to a coordinate system generated by other means [19]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1854636711,"citingcorpusid":121255091,"citedcorpusid":119987109,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For the fan blade case, the structured grid blocks around the blade are regenerated by solving a system of partial differential equations, which produce conformal and almost-orthogonal grids and permit control over the clustering of interior grid points (see Thompson and Warsi, 1982)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1019345637,"citingcorpusid":23361185,"citedcorpusid":44746885,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, in salmonid fish and white sucker (Castostomus commersoni), acute stress induces a rapid increase in plasma cortisol concentrations followed by a rapid decrease [326–328]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3398138670,"citingcorpusid":55719919,"citedcorpusid":12395361,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For pinaceous conifers, researchers have been fortunate in their ability to wrest control over somatic embryogenesis to the degree that today seedlings from this process are produced at industrial scale (see reviews by Nehra et al., 2005; Lelu-Walter et al., 2013).","Recent reviews of somatic embryogenesis make no mention of the effect of light (Nehra et al., 2005; Elhiti and Stasolla, 2011)."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":1514970116,"citingcorpusid":199412246,"citedcorpusid":12395361,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The application of tree based whole plant transgenics to such problems lags well behind the now rapid identification of genes putatively involved in important aspects of wood formation (see Nehra et al. 2005 for review).","Regeneration of stably transformed individuals is achieved through root and shoot induction or through somatic embryogenesis (Nehra et al. 2005).","Recent reviews have covered most aspects of the development of these whole plant systems, their current state of development and application in trees (Confalonieri et al. 2003; Tang and Newton 2003; Merkle and Nairn 2005; Nehra et al. 2005; Poupin and Arce-Johnson 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2096952908,"citingcorpusid":129033944,"citedcorpusid":128401644,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These key observations are true of dolostones of the Nuccaleena Formation as well as its upper red bed facies, and are characteristic of periglacial loess (Swineford & Frye 1951; Wang et al. 2006).","Loess in Illinois–Indiana–Mississippi effervesces very strongly with acid (Bettis et al. 2003), unlike weakly calcareous volcaniclastic loess of Kansas–Nebraska (Swineford & Frye 1951).","Thus the Nuccaleena Formation considered as loess had a glacial bedrock source like that of Illinois–Indiana–Mississippi loess, but a soil-forming regime like that of Kansas–Nebraska loess.","Large amounts of rhyodacitic volcanic ash in Peoria Silt in Kansas derive from Cascade Mountain and other western US volcanoes (Swineford & Frye 1951), whereas volcanic ash is lacking from the Nuccaleena Formation."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1880249330,"citingcorpusid":18277574,"citedcorpusid":4464661,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["0 can now be performed on unknown RNAs, without the need to deal with the complexities and biases associated with random RT primers (9,10).","Because of the inherent multiplexing and enormous throughput offered by sequencing-based approaches, these techniques are providing some of the first ‘genome-wide’ snapshots of RNA structure (9,10)––effectively bringing RNA structural biology into the ‘omics’ era (11)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1199054376,"citingcorpusid":30320027,"citedcorpusid":39306713,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The Hbmass response to altitude, however, is subject to substantial inter-individual variability and is affected by factors such as illness, injury, caloric deficit, inflammation, and iron deficiency, with some athletes consequently classified as altitude “non-responders” (Wachsmuth et al., 2013).","Indeed, five (two males, three females) of our 10 participants did not increase their Hbmass beyond the coefficient of variation for the CO rebreathing method within our laboratory (1.8","We observed a 2.2% increase in Hbmass after 14 days normobaric hypoxia (for a total of 196 h).","While speculative, such a response could theoretically blunt Hbmass production during LHTL. Resting hepcidin levels were however suppressed after 2 days in the current study, suggesting IL-6 did not increase basal hepcidin levels during this time.","We hypothesized normobaric hypoxic exposure would: (a) suppress plasma hepcidin levels at rest after 2 days; (b) attenuate the magnitude of the postexercise hepcidin response compared to the preexposure response, regardless of whether exercise was conducted in normoxia or hypoxia; and (c) increase hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and decrease plasma ferritin levels from baseline.","Our findings are line in with the recent meta-analysis by Gore et al. (2013), who calculated Hbmass increases by ~1% per 100 h of moderate altitude exposure (>2000 m).","Finally, normobaric hypoxia increased Hbmass by 2.2%, in association with a significant decrease in resting plasma ferritin levels in non-oral-iron-supplemented athletes.","Hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) was measured via CO rebreathing 1 week\nbefore and after 14 days of hypoxia.","Elevated IL-6 or blood lactate production could impair kidney EPO production during early altitude exposure (Faquin et al., 1992), which may explain the interindividual differences in the Hbmass response we observed in some individuals following normobaric hypoxic exposure.","As kidney EPO production depends on the severity of the hypoxic stimulus applied (Robach et al., 2004), some of the athletes we studied may have required a greater hypoxic dose (i.e., either a higher altitude or longer exposure duration) to elicit sufficient EPO levels to enhance their Hbmass production.","Fourteen days of normobaric hypoxic exposure increased Hbmass, [Hb] and HCT from baseline values, respectively (all P   0.01).","A modified version of the 2-min optimized rebreathing method measured athletes’ Hbmass (Garvican et al., 2010).","The typical error of measurement (with 90% confidence intervals) expressed as the coefficient of variation was 1.8% [1.3, 2.2] (Garvican et al., 2010).","Athletes maintained their normal diet throughout the altitude exposure therefore, differences in total dietary iron intake between athletes may account for some of the between-athlete variation we observed in hepcidin, Hbmass, and iron parameter responses.","(Garvican et al., 2010) following normobaric hypoxia.","Red cell parameter and Hbmass responses\nErythropoietin production normally increases after ~90 min of hypoxic exposure, reaching peak levels during the first week of altitude exposure, and declines toward baseline levels thereafter (Abbrecht & Littell, 1972)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["methodology"],["background"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1199054331,"citingcorpusid":30320027,"citedcorpusid":2437125,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, Mazzeo et al. (2001) reported that IL-6 increased significantly from baseline levels in 16 eumenorrheic females who performed 50-min cycling at 50% of their sea level VO2max on 12th day of exposure to 4200 m.","We did not measure post-exercise IL-6 levels in the current study but several authors have reported a small increase in resting IL-6 levels (Mazzeo et al., 2001; Goetze et al., 2013) during prolonged altitude exposure."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2003047920,"citingcorpusid":211556642,"citedcorpusid":36044394,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["So it has been widely used in other research fields [27,28]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1134734232,"citingcorpusid":31803109,"citedcorpusid":152456595,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Yoichi Funabashi observed that China’s increasing economic interactions with the DPRK places it in a position to exercise pressure on Pyongyang (Funabashi, cited in Snyder 2009b, 131).","Furthermore, Beijing has a strong economic incentive to ensure the stability of the DPRK. Strong Sino–North Korean trade relations and significant increase in Chinese investments in the DPRK is dependent on the economic and political stability of the DPRK (Snyder 2009b, 127).","S. talks” (Snyder 2009a)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2102367827,"citingcorpusid":219056257,"citedcorpusid":189856183,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Target location is accomplished through use of the Pixy2 smart vision sensor.(15) Its firmware makes the Pixy2 camera capable of detecting and separating user programmed object signatures in real time.","Target location is accomplished through use of the Pixy2 smart vision sensor.(15) All data processing is handled by the Raspberry Pi 4B and output or received via the Ethernet port."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":887434730,"citingcorpusid":14962390,"citedcorpusid":24432297,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the presence of the ecdysone ligand, the appropriate EcR nuclear receptor isoform dimerizes with Ultraspiricle (USP), and the complex is stabilised by the ecdysone ligand to allow efficient binding to the ecdysone response element (EcRE) [17,18] and transcriptional activation of ecdysone-responsive genes (such as BR-C, E74, E75) [19-23]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":887434570,"citingcorpusid":14962390,"citedcorpusid":9568738,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Drosophila Dpp is a member of the mammalian transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of secreted proteins.","The shift in the Dpp band of expression in uspclones, suggests the possibility that Dpp might be an ecdysone pathway target.","Coordination of proliferation and patterning in the eye imaginal disc depends on key signaling pathways, such as\nWingless (Wg), Hedgehog (Hh), Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Notch [50], which are conserved in vertebrates where they are critical mediators of development and disease [51].","Dpp and Hh are both required to ensure Cyclin E and dE2F1 are inhibited and the cells comprising the MF undergo a coordinated G1 arrest [70].","The observation that ecdysone signaling was essential for the activation of factors involved in developmental signaling pathways such as Wg, Notch and Dpp, suggests there might be many connections between the ecdysone pulse, signaling pathways and cell cycle regulation during metamorphosis in Drosophila [37].","The Hedgehog (Hh) and Dpp pathways control cell division in the larval eye Drosophila eye development is dependent on hedgehog (hh) expression posterior to the MF [52,53] and decapentaplegic (dpp) expression within the MF [54].","Loss-of-function usp clones spanning the morphogenetic furrow in larval eye imaginal discs show an anterior shift in expression of the MF-specific marker Dpp, consistent with premature progression of the MF and a role for USP in repressing morphogenetic furrow movement [78].","Dpp is expressed in a band of cells in the anterior compartment along the anterior-posterior boundary [99] and is required for cell cycle progression and tissue growth [100].","During larval gut metamorphosis ecdysone activates cell cycle regulatory pathways such as Wg/Wnt, Notch and Dpp (TGFbeta) [37].","Dpp and Hedgehog (Hh) act redundantly to ensure G1 arrest, thus cells unable to respond to Dpp will arrest later in response to Hh [69].","Cell cycle arrest occurs in G1 phase within and anterior to the MF in response to Dpp [67,68].","Martin-Castellanos C, Edgar BA: A characterization of the effects of Dpp signaling on cell growth and proliferation in the Drosophila wing.","In the eye disc, the Hh and Dpp signaling pathways regulate key cell cycle genes to mediate cell cycle arrest or progression.","In addition to the cell cycle promoting role of Hh ahead of the MF, Hh acts in combination with Dpp to achieve a coordinated G1 arrest [69,70]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":2493775982,"citingcorpusid":94528763,"citedcorpusid":83577,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["B[a]P treatment can significantly decrease the percentage of halo formation, and the hyperactivation status\nwww.intechopen.com\nBenzo[a]pyrene and Human Embryo\n101\nattained due to B[a]P treatment induces false acrosomal reactions in the spermatozoa (Yauk et al, 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":144767617,"citingcorpusid":11237753,"citedcorpusid":83577,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(Yauk et al., 2008) Since epigenotypic flexibility regards plasticity during fetal and embryonic development and extends well into the post-natal phase, it is not surprising that the epigenome contributes not only to developmental human disorders, but also to post-natal and even adult diseases.","(Jaenisch & Gurdon, 2007) In animal studies it was possible to correlate nano-size particle exposure of a smelter to hypermethylation of spermDNA that persisted into the next generation even though the filial generation was no longer exposed to this aerosol.(Yauk et al., 2008) Since epigenotypic flexibility regards plasticity during fetal and embryonic development and extends well into the post-natal phase, it is not surprising that the epigenome contributes not only to developmental human disorders, but also to post-natal and even adult diseases."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2454671840,"citingcorpusid":74870990,"citedcorpusid":83577,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["  Furthermore,   it  was   even   shown   that   sperm  DNA  was  hypermethylated   in  mice   when  exposed  to  particulate  air  pollution  (Yauk  et  al.,   2008)."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":788526297,"citingcorpusid":544361,"citedcorpusid":3215708,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Studies of the interaction between soil amendments, such as compost, and plant effects have shown that while such amendments can have a dramatic influence on soil and rhizosphere bacterial communities, this influence is mitigated with increasing proximity to the plant surface (Inbar et al., 2005).","With increasing proximity to the root, we observed a strong rhizosphere effect, and that the plant influence on bacteria from the genus Streptomyces predominated over soil and compost effects (Inbar et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2481778499,"citingcorpusid":154725235,"citedcorpusid":153530891,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Second, as recommended by Cole (2003), the instructor can inform students that he or she will be doing site visits during the day, to check in, replenish supplies, and troubleshoot problems.","…more than 100 feet away from any entrance to a building in which voting is taking place— just as anyone campaigning for a candidate or issue must do (Cole 2003; Evans and Lagergren 2007; Lelieveldt and Rossen 2009)\nDuring our classes, we experienced this problem at several precincts and learned…","Reviewing exit polling projects at seven universities, Cole (2003) concluded that most students enjoyed exit polling as an innovative way to improve their understanding of a number of research related topics, while also furthering their interest in the election (see also Evans and Lagergren Michael…","Survey research through exit polling has the added benefit of having students directly engage issues and topics related to the election, while helping students better understand course material (Cole 2003).","…learning assignments generate class excite-ment, stimulate student interest, build politicalresearch skills, and help students master conceptsand facts more completely (Cole 2003; CurrinPercival and Johnson 2010; Evans and Lagergren 2007; Gourgey 2000; Lelieveldt and Rossen 2009; McBride 1994).","By attending to the significant organizational planning required before the course even begins, professors will save valuable class time and ensure that the polling process itself experiences few problems (Cole 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2481778860,"citingcorpusid":154725235,"citedcorpusid":154994346,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…further advantage of an easy to use cross-tabs analysis function (called “pivot tables”) that students can quickly learn to run their own analysis on the data, after coding (for a scholarly review of teaching basic data analysis with Excel’s pivot tables, see Palocsay, Markham, and Markham 2010)."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":1128870340,"citingcorpusid":149178759,"citedcorpusid":196364551,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Más de un decenio en convivencia con dicha VVA, nos invita a reflexionar acerca de los posicionamientos que puedan tener los profesionales de la salud respecto de una práctica sanitaria extendida en todo el territorio español, así como de aquellos otros elementos emergentes y adscritos al propio sistema sanitario que puedan estar influyendo en una garante planificación de la VVA(18)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":410972004,"citingcorpusid":21798505,"citedcorpusid":28479903,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["PDT has been widely used for treating superficial tumors such as skin, head, and neck tumors [25-27]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1050402627,"citingcorpusid":109109946,"citedcorpusid":153825335,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["3 wide range of purposes, such as to capture the dynamic relationship of energy and the economy [10], to model the world petroleum market over a period of thirty decades [11], to explore dynamics of economic growth [12] to analyze the environmental implications of international trade [13], to understand supply-chain management [14], to analyze different policies for nation-building [15], to model software development [16], and to examine the intricacies of the air force command and control systems [17]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1198159503,"citingcorpusid":53194907,"citedcorpusid":85069740,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":4112880971,"citingcorpusid":258255229,"citedcorpusid":145936364,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["(c) H&E staining image at Day 1 and toluidine blue staining images at (d) Day 3 and (e) Day 7 of subcutaneous tissues after injection of EISCH.","Interestingly, several previous studies had shown that the concentration of HRP for enzymatic crosslinking mainly affects the gelation rate rather than the physical properties of the formed hydrogels, but the concentration of HRP comparatively influenced the physical properties of EISCH.30,31\nWe assumed that peroxidase could be directly involved in and change the path of reaction of the galloyl groups in EISCH, and this phenomenon could also happen in an in vivo oxidative environment.32,33 In contrast, hydrogels formed with different concentrations of HRP exhibited a reverse trend in the elasticity (tan δ, G00/G0), which decreased as the concentration of HRP was higher due to the mechanical reinforcement and stiffening by peroxidase (Figure 3d).","several previous studies had shown that the concentration of HRP for enzymatic crosslinking mainly affects the gelation rate rather than the physical properties of the formed hydrogels, but the concentration of HRP comparatively influenced the physical properties of EISCH.(30,31) We assumed that peroxidase could be directly involved in and change","Thus, the stress during cell injection using EISCH seems to have minimal effect on the viability of the ADSCs, which is likely attributed to the superior injectability of EISCH."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2648125359,"citingcorpusid":154152898,"citedcorpusid":154555028,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recent empirical studies find a positive correlation between inflationary persistence and the degree of indexation (see, in particular, Edwards and Lefort, 2002; Herrera, 2002); this recalls the standard argument against indexation that is built on the premise that indexation practices to past inflation increase inflationary persistence, tending to perpetuate inflation and making rapid, low-cost macroeconomic stabilization programs less likely (Bruno, 1993; Edwards, 1993)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3343527770,"citingcorpusid":234756221,"citedcorpusid":37056600,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["At the same time, correct and successful inclusion can be achieved by using strategies that involve other children who have been shown to have positive effects on both children with ASD and their peers (Dugan et al., 1995)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2240723495,"citingcorpusid":144298556,"citedcorpusid":37056600,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The use of peer-related strategies is another primary method for improving the social interaction and academic skills of students with autism in classrooms (Carter, Cushing, Clark, & Kennedy, 2005; Dugan et al., 1995; Kamps, Barbetta, Leonard, & Delquadri, 1994)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1026535085,"citingcorpusid":90230699,"citedcorpusid":55350956,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["104 Kumar et al. (2015) showed that Indian virgin coconut oil had the highest composition of saturated fatty acids, the highest composition of medium chain saturated fatty acids, the highest amount of lauric acid (C12:0), the lowest free fatty acid value, and the lowest phenolic composition…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1793611172,"citingcorpusid":131777033,"citedcorpusid":21769506,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…regarding both hospital (Eytan et al. 2004; Zahid et al. 2010) and community-based (Urben et al. 2015) services, very few have investigated factors associated with satisfaction among patients presenting at EDs for MH reasons (O'Regan and Ryan 2009; Roper and Manela 2000; Summers and Happell 2003).","Because mental disorders often run hand-in-hand with chronic health problems, the long-term and continuous care of affected patients, and their satisfaction with services, is crucial (O'Regan and Ryan 2009).","…found that most patients with MH disorders were generally satisfied or very satisfied with MH services (Perreault et al. 2006; Williams et al. 1998), with mean satisfaction scores of 80% or higher often reported (O'Regan and Ryan 2009; Summers and Happell 2003; Svensson and Hansson 1994).","In particular, open questions facilitate expressions of dissatisfaction (O'Regan and Ryan 2009) and highlight areas needing improvement (Perreault et al. 2006).","Studies suggest that patient satisfaction is a major outcome of interest (O'Regan and Ryan 2009), if not the best predictor of service quality (Shipley et al. 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1698882085,"citingcorpusid":206103515,"citedcorpusid":42262408,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[107] Yilgor Huri P, Cook C A, Hutton D L, Goh B C, Gimble J M,","6, respectively), and also expressed higher levels of myogenic proteins, including desmin, myoD and myosin heavy chain [107]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3388897858,"citingcorpusid":16269517,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A sinkhole node tries to attract all the network packets to it-self from all neighboring nodes.","In future, an efficient sinkhole detection and prevention method based on sequence number on MANET can be proposed."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1116861860,"citingcorpusid":141662886,"citedcorpusid":46140384,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Research conducted by Barrera & Ainlay (1983) identified six categories of social\nsupport.","The last category, positive social interaction, is defined as participation in social interactions for enjoyment and relaxation (Barrera & Ainlay, 1983)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1116861925,"citingcorpusid":141662886,"citedcorpusid":144140463,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Wellman and Wortley (1990) define the core network as a highly dense, broadly functional group of three to six people who often consist of immediate family and romantic partners.","Wellman and Wortley (1990) define the core network as a highly dense, broadly functional group of three to six people who often consist of immediate family and romantic partners. In addition to defining the concept of core network, it is important to provide a definition for the support network facet of peripheral network members. Perry (2011) defines the peripheral network as noncore associations that are weak and unstable ties."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1378370707,"citingcorpusid":9954643,"citedcorpusid":30428401,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The CFTR mutation S549R, a mutation altering the signature motif of the CFTR protein, is disease causing for more than 75% of all CF cases in both Gulf countries (Fass et al., 2014; Frossard et al., 1997; Lestringant et al., 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":169717182,"citingcorpusid":1278591,"citedcorpusid":10978309,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":4030123675,"citingcorpusid":255440417,"citedcorpusid":29048683,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Earlier studies find a strong relationship between age and CA levels, showing evidence that CA is more present in groups with older people and that they have more CA than younger ones [7, 12, 27].","Although there are few studies reporting no significant relationship between age and CA [16, 19, 28], there are also evidences that older people manifest more CA than younger ones [7, 12, 27, 33, 37]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":852651135,"citingcorpusid":14170583,"citedcorpusid":27501619,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Caspase, another kinase protein that plays an important role in the regulation of cell apoptosis, was investigated in addition to three mitochondrial-related apoptosis proteins as described above [20,32]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":327059969,"citingcorpusid":22205337,"citedcorpusid":93824319,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3608690897,"citingcorpusid":243993589,"citedcorpusid":189864167,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The BFGS Quasi Newton algorithm was independently developed by C. G. Broyden, D. Goldfarb, R. Fletcher and D. F. Shanno (Nocedal and Wright, 1999).","Super linear convergence rate is observed in BFGS method on most practical problems, even though the algorithm requires more computations and storage in each of the iterations performed (Nocedal, 1980; Nocedal and Wright, 1999; Schraudolph et al ., 2018)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2427062081,"citingcorpusid":162700574,"citedcorpusid":84900008,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This absence is unlikely to relate to bone density/sturdiness since wing bones of strong fliers are very robust (Higgins 1999; Bovy 2002)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1727202809,"citingcorpusid":55773921,"citedcorpusid":124135431,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A multiple-nudging approach was followed to downscale the 250 km resolution National Centres for Environmental Prediction 15 (NCEP) reanalysis data (Kalnay et al., 1996) to a resolution of 60 km over southern Africa, 8 km over the south western Cape and subsequently to a 1 km resolution over the study area."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":909431389,"citingcorpusid":6698289,"citedcorpusid":9688078,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Falls among those in the hospital also tend to result in more serious complications; with 10 - 25% of such falls resulting in fracture or laceration.(14) Inpatient hip fractures have higher mortality when compared to those from the community."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3414829754,"citingcorpusid":237218611,"citedcorpusid":9688078,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["One-third of communitydwelling older adults fall annually (Lord et al., 1993), of which, 10–20% will require hospitalisation for complications such as hip fracture (Rubenstein, 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3151052562,"citingcorpusid":226265291,"citedcorpusid":9688078,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Evidence on medication-related fall risks is not always integrated into multifactorial risk assessments which contribute to preventive programmes for reducing falls [30, 31]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":55474963,"citingcorpusid":21462045,"citedcorpusid":9688078,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["An important risk factor for falling and for serious falls-related injury in older adults is history of a previous fall.(26) As might be expected, in this representative sample of older adults, those with no device use and no history of falls had the lowest incidence of subsequent falls and worry about falls, and those with a history of device use and past falls had the highest incidence of falls and worry about falls in the following year."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":269328299,"citingcorpusid":223388,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…been almost exclusively performed on already emerged roots and have shown that gravisensing is correlated with sedimentable, starch-filled amyloplasts in the columella cells of the root cap (Volkmann and Sievers, 1979; Sack, 1991, 1997; Salisbury, 1993; Kiss et al., 1996; Blancaflor et al., 1998).","Such polarity depends on the stage of root cap development and may be disrupted by inversion (Volkmann and Sievers, 1979) and clinorotation (Hensel and Sievers, 1980; Sack, 1991; Smith et al., 1999).","In roots of higher plants, gravity sensing occurs in the central columella cells of the root cap (Juniper et al., 1966; Volkmann and Sievers, 1979; Sack, 1991; Blancaflor et al., 1998)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3920907037,"citingcorpusid":252155356,"citedcorpusid":113527860,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The cast iron and cast steel show a high thermal conductivity of 40 W/m⋅K (Alva et al. 2017), but their specific heat capacity is poorer and the application temperature range is narrower compared to magnesium and silicon bricks.","The results in Figure 12b show that the thermal conductivity of steel slag heat storage materials is 0.98 W/m⋅K, which can basically achieve the thermal storage of\nFigure 10.","These data also verify that the ratio of composite heat storage material is 6:3:1, so the thermal conductivity of heat storage materials is 0.98 W/m⋅K, which is much higher than most phase change thermal storage and chemical thermal storage materials.","(a) Heat storage density curve of heat storage material and (b) comparison of thermal conductivity of various heat storage materials and (c) comparison of density of various heat storage materials and (d) comparison of specific heat of various heat storage materials.\nmagnesium bricks and concrete (Manente, Ding, and Sciacovelli 2022), which is higher than that of nitrite salts (0.55 W/m⋅K) and H2O (0.6 W/m⋅K) (Rahou et al. 2022), more than 5 times that of mineral oil as heat storage material."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":2713676795,"citingcorpusid":24105823,"citedcorpusid":38361222,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thus, p53 dysfunction, myc overexpression, or p16INK4a inactivation in ATL cells (Yoshida, 2001; Matsuoka, 2003) could increase the susceptibility of ATL cells to VSV and other oncolytic viruses (Balachandran et al., 2001; Chiocca, 2002).","Subsequently, Tax-mediated accumulation of host genome alterations leads to Tax-independent proliferation, escape from the CD8þ T-lymphocyte anti-Tax response, and emergence of the malignant CD4/CD25þ T-lymphocyte clone (Yasunaga and Matsuoka, 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1877467912,"citingcorpusid":211724616,"citedcorpusid":22187872,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Openness to changing one’s opinions or attitudes is likely an important factor in\nmitigating negative attitudes toward stuttering (e.g., Abdalla & St. Louis, 2014).","For example, in the studies reviewed above, improvements in OSSs, from pre to post, of the three most successful interventions (Abdalla & St. Louis, 2014; Flynn & St. Louis, 2011; St. Louis et al., 20181) ranged from +25 to +38.","Through a variety of interventions, all of them attempted to improve the attitudes of people toward stuttering (Abdalla & St. Louis, 2014; Beste-Guldborg et al., 2015; Bolton et al., 2017; Chandrabose, St. Louis, Pushpavathi, & Raoof, 2010; Flynn & St. Louis, 2009; Flynn & St. Louis, 2011; Gottwald…","The experienced teachers in the Abdalla and St. Louis (2014) study were all men, but a careful analysis revealed that being male was not a cogent reason underlying the difference in their receptivity to the intervention compared to less experienced female education students (e.g., St. Louis, 2012a).","In her review of the extant literature in 2013, Abdalla (2015) identified 15 such studies (Abdalla & St. Louis, 2014; Coleman et al., 2013; Delaney, 2001; Flynn & St. Louis, 2011; Gottwald et al., 2011; Gottwald, Kent, St. Louis, & Hartley, 2014; Hughes, Gabel, Roseman, & Daniels, 2015;…","It should be noted that two studies (i.e., Abdalla & St. Louis, 2014; Chandrabose et al., 2010) omitted the Obesity/Mental Illness items.","By contrast, OSS differences of the three least successful interventions (Abdalla & St. Louis, 2014; Kuhn & St. Louis, 2015; Węsierska et al., 2015) ranged from -4 to +2.","S measured attitudes quite dramatically (e.g., Bolton et al., 2017; Gottwald et al., 201l; Węsierska, et al., 2018) but also not\nJo ur\nna P\nre -p\nro f\nto improve (Abdalla & St. Louis, 2014).","Abdalla and St. Louis (2014) also utilized a custom video with Kuwaiti education students and experienced teachers."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3516591872,"citingcorpusid":203144973,"citedcorpusid":39545602,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Hall (1909) discussed the history of P fertilization and stated that at that time, it was impossible to predict if P fertilizer application would result in a response or not and, if it was responsive, the proper rate to apply for each cropping system and environment."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3478125764,"citingcorpusid":211724616,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of stuttering were central to both the oral (live) presentation and MTV video I Stutter interventions in the Flynn and St. Louis studies, The King’s Speech movie (Kestenbaum & Khnonov, 2011), and the student interviews of people who stutter (Beste-Guldborg et al., 2015; Stork & Johnson, 2016).","…Gottwald et al., 2011; Holcombe & Eisert, 2012; Junuzović-Žunić et al., 2015; Kestenbaum & Khnonov, 2011; Kuhn & St. Louis, 2015; Reichel & St. Louis, 2004, 2007, 2011; Spears et al., 2015; St. Louis & Enoch, 2012; St. Louis, Przepiórka, et al., 2014; Stork & Johnson, 2016; Węsierska et al., 2015).","Carrying out personal interviews with a person who stutters or did so in the past—or a parent of such a person—has been found to generate substantially improved stuttering attitudes (Beste-Guldborg, St. Louis, & Shorts, 2015; Stork & Johnson, 2016)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1088135703,"citingcorpusid":133843929,"citedcorpusid":128556384,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["With the recovery, in recent years, of globally distributed, high-resolution, well-dated paleoclimate records, this view of largely quiescent climate throughout the Holocene has given way to one marked by severe perturbations, often with societal consequence (see discussion in Chapter 1; Sandweiss et al., 1999; deMenocal, 2001).","…of globally distributed, high-resolution, well-dated paleoclimate records, this view of largely quiescent climate throughout the Holocene has given way to one marked by severe perturbations, often with societal consequence (see discussion in Chapter 1; Sandweiss et al., 1999; deMenocal, 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":832519559,"citingcorpusid":16306983,"citedcorpusid":34835783,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Besides, AQP7 and AQP8 might both contribute in generating the seminiferous tubule fluid, which is thought to be from both Sertoli cell secretion and water efflux of germ cells (Russell et al., 1989)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4012075005,"citingcorpusid":254798845,"citedcorpusid":221633170,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Therefore, instead of outcome, process quality should be controlled (Keil and Robey 1999; Kirby and Davis 1998; Simonson and Staw 1992)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1731139419,"citingcorpusid":12897715,"citedcorpusid":64518802,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This gives the one-dimensional power spectrum density P(|k|) plot starting with the zero spatial frequency (also known as the DC component) and increasing to the Nyquist frequency, kNq, where kNq = (k2 x;Nq + k 2 y;Nq) [20]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2668719813,"citingcorpusid":35763262,"citedcorpusid":25202329,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["During the ischemic event, an increase in [Ca]i, which binds to NH-domain cPLA2, induces translocation of enzyme to the membrane (Schievella et al., 1995; Cummings et al., 2000).","During the ischemic event, an increase in [Ca2þ]i, which binds to NH-domain cPLA2, induces translocation of enzyme to the membrane (Schievella et al., 1995; Cummings et al., 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1542801843,"citingcorpusid":89864511,"citedcorpusid":128986927,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Levia et al.(7) showed that SF volume depends on tree species, crown size, leaf shape and orientation, branch angle and bark roughness.","Levia et al.7 showed that SF volume depends on tree species, crown size, leaf shape and orientation, branch angle and bark roughness."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":592649930,"citingcorpusid":54673103,"citedcorpusid":96155831,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Nonetheless, this ‘‘continuous’’ cofactor regeneration demonstrated engineering advances in a coupled system for the production of chiral products.(44)"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1682614027,"citingcorpusid":201830377,"citedcorpusid":15694076,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, excessive and prolonged use of antibiotics in animal feeds has raised concerns regarding antibiotic residues in animal products and the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria [15,16], which could affect the health of both poultry and humans."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1254493567,"citingcorpusid":23275655,"citedcorpusid":112940,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which primarily affects the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) of the synovial joints [1].","The exact etiology of the disease is still unknown, but several factors such as gender [2], genetics [3,4] and antigens [1] are thought to be involved.","In healthy individuals this layers is approximately 1–4 cells thick, whereas it can be up to 12 cells thick in individuals with RA [1,8]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1212889484,"citingcorpusid":195818943,"citedcorpusid":27451771,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["AD patients are characterized by loss of EEG synchrony among distributed functional networks [79] and significantly reduced interhemispheric theta coherence [79]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3215467843,"citingcorpusid":229361172,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…- mostly beaked jugs - belonging to the so-called Delta-1-beta type which is characteristic for the\nMiddle Helladic(MH) Period in Phocis, Achaia-Phthiotis and parts of Thessaly(Wace and Thompson 1912, pp. 180{185; Maran 1992a, pp. 151{156, 286, 313{318, g. 24, cf. pls. 50,9; 64,3; 122,7; 144,7).","…it has to be pointed out that the possibility emerges that during the MH Period in Central Greece there existed pottery production centres distributing their products over a wide area, a situation comparable to the Aiginetan workshops producing the Gold Mica Fabrics(Maran 1992b, pp. 179{214).","However, it has to be pointed out that the possibility emerges that during the MH Period in Central Greece there existed pottery production centres distributing their products over a wide area, a situation comparable to the Aiginetan workshops producing the Gold Mica Fabrics(Maran 1992b, pp. 179{214)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],null]}
{"citationid":3810422309,"citingcorpusid":250060023,"citedcorpusid":153453345,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The EKC hypothesis augmented with energy consumption\nSaboori and Sulaiman (2013) analyzed the cointegration and causal relationship between economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions, and energy consumption in selected Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries using an Autoregressive…","These scholars include Saboori and Sulaiman (2013), Magazzino (2014), Lacheheb et al. (2015), Mezghani and Haddad (2016), Omri (2017), Samu et al (2019), Xu et al. (2019), Khan et al. (2019), Bekun et al (2019), Gessesse (2020), Maalej and Cabagnols (2020) and Khan et al (2020) just to cite the…"],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":815177417,"citingcorpusid":7625628,"citedcorpusid":14966986,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To encode shape information we extract four other features: a bag of words of local shape contexts [2] sampled along the boundary of the foreground, and three pyramid HOGs [5]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":56043565,"citingcorpusid":5724441,"citedcorpusid":14966986,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To obtain the region's boundary feature, we use the shape context algorithm proposed by Belongie et al. (2000).","Almost all studies on shape retrieval focus on retrieving matching shapes using a single shape or region as the query example in the query specification (Carson et al. 1999, Gevers & Smeulders 2000, Belongie et al. 2000)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":203144009,"citingcorpusid":32770845,"citedcorpusid":23270502,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A variety of optimization methods have been used in the calibration of CA models to search for the optimal parameters within a large multidimensional parameter space, such as self-organizing map (SOM) (Dietzel and Clarke 2007), genetic algorithm (GA) (Li et al. 2013), and particle swarms optimization (PSO) (Blecic et al. 2014).","Some efforts have been made to implement parallel CA models on single GPUs (Thor 2008, Li et al. 2012, Blecic et al. 2014).","2013), and particle swarms optimization (PSO) (Blecic et al. 2014).","…have been used in the calibration of CA models to search for the optimal parameters within a large multidimensional parameter space, such as self-organizing map (SOM) (Dietzel and Clarke 2007), genetic algorithm (GA) (Li et al. 2013), and particle swarms optimization (PSO) (Blecic et al. 2014)."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":58027508,"citingcorpusid":8380491,"citedcorpusid":14966986,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Finally, shape context algorithm [12] extracted two specific radial descriptors, as shown in Fig.","The reason behind this performance may be as follows: the feature vectors used in this work were extracted by shape context algorithm [12], and the nearby elements in the extracted feature vectors had the spatial correlations."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1618703799,"citingcorpusid":204700899,"citedcorpusid":14966986,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Indeed, a greater robustness could potentially be achieved by adding other descriptors such as shape contexts [43] or even image-"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":955024019,"citingcorpusid":18048195,"citedcorpusid":14966986,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Well-known descriptors for images include SIFT [2], curvature scale space (CSS) [3] and shape context [4]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1182933659,"citingcorpusid":120093741,"citedcorpusid":14966986,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["work, the algorithm uses a general representation of the shape which by his definition consist of a set of points that were sampled from the contour of the target and each point on the contour is associated with a novel descriptor.(1) After having the shape context of the image, then the algorithm determines the correspondences between the shape context by using the edge weights which are defined by the χ(2) distance between the points in the images, and uses the correspondence to calculate the similarity measure.","After having the shape context of the image, then the algorithm determines the correspondences between the shape context by using the edge weights which are defined by the χ(2) distance between the points in the images, and uses the correspondence to calculate the similarity measure.(1) Once the algorithm has the similarity measure, then the similarity measure can be used in a classifier such as KNN to decipher between the objects.","Once the algorithm has the similarity measure, then the similarity measure can be used in a classifier such as KNN to decipher between the objects.(1) Also, Belongie, et al."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":876193262,"citingcorpusid":47017652,"citedcorpusid":153509584,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, such practices lack understanding of microbial processes, underpinning the environmental services (5) provided by these ecosystems."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1530206290,"citingcorpusid":127073049,"citedcorpusid":128193184,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Domenico (1972) puts an upper bound of 3×10 Pa on sound bedrock, while Leet and Ewing (1932) estimate a compressibility of 2×10 Pa for unfractured Dedham Granite, based on compression wave transmission from dynamite explosions set off on quarry walls near the site.","in the gray till (Domenico 1972)","Domenico (1972) puts an upper bound of 3×10−10 Pa−1 on sound bedrock, while Leet and Ewing (1932) estimate a compressibility of 2×10−11 Pa−1 for unfractured Dedham Granite, based on compression wave transmission from dynamite explosions set off on quarry walls near the site.","…flow, a consolidation equation describes confined aquifer hydraulics as a balance of compressible storage and vertical flux in the gray till (Domenico 1972)\n∂H ∂t − kG ρνα ∂2H ∂z2 ¼ 0 z   0ð Þ ð16Þ\nH ¼ Aexp iωtð Þ z ¼ 0ð Þ ð17Þ\nH ¼ 0 z ¼ −∞ð Þ ð18Þ\nGroundwater density ρ (kg/m3) is constant,…"],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":3890212867,"citingcorpusid":231868069,"citedcorpusid":225063637,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["More specifically, SRSF1 is known to contribute to GBM pathogenesis by either splicing-dependent mechanisms (e.g., by increasing the ratio of pro- to anti-oncogenic splicing isoforms of myosin IB (MYO1B) [30,31] and MAPK Signal-Integrating Kinase 2 (MKNK2) [32]) or splicing-independent mechanisms (e.g., by stabilizing the oncogenic nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) [33] or by a competitive self-binding interaction that inhibits the targeting of its mRNA transcript from mir-505-3p [34]).",", by increasing the ratio of pro- to anti-oncogenic splicing isoforms of myosin IB (MYO1B) [30,31] and MAPK Signal-Integrating Kinase 2 (MKNK2) [32]) or splicing-independent mechanisms (e."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2387557933,"citingcorpusid":24289498,"citedcorpusid":144822378,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 1994; Millstein, Wilens, Biederman, & Spencer, 1997; Murphy & Barkley, 1996; Wilens, Biederman, & Mick, 1998), and substance use disorders (Biederman et al., 1993; Biederman et al., 1994; Biederman et al., 1995; Downey, Stelson, Pomerleau, & Giordani, 1997; Mannuzza, Klein, Bessler, Malloy, & LaPadula, 1993; Millstein et al., 1997; Murphy & Barkley, 1996; Wilens et al., 1998) than individuals without ADHD.","…and substance use disorders (Biederman et al., 1993; Biederman et al., 1994; Biederman et al., 1995; Downey, Stelson, Pomerleau, & Giordani, 1997; Mannuzza, Klein, Bessler, Malloy, & LaPadula, 1993; Millstein et al., 1997; Murphy & Barkley, 1996; Wilens et al., 1998) than individuals without ADHD."],"intents":[null,null]}
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{"citationid":1225497058,"citingcorpusid":28687090,"citedcorpusid":1237182,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…typically have large clutch sizes and relatively high annual adult mortality (Martin et al. 2000; Ghalambor & Martin 2001; Sillett & Holmes 2002; Martin 2004), and they breed in habitats that are typically characterized as having low density and relatively abundant food (Ashmole 1963; Cody…","For example, long-distance migrants that breed at high latitudes typically have large clutch sizes and relatively high annual adult mortality (Martin et al. 2000; Ghalambor & Martin 2001; Sillett & Holmes 2002; Martin 2004), and they breed in habitats that are typically characterized as having low density and relatively abundant food (Ashmole 1963; Cody 1966; MacArthur 1972; Ricklefs 1980; Levey & Stiles 1992)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4103345465,"citingcorpusid":258379451,"citedcorpusid":84885945,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The addition of n-3 PUFAs has been reported to increase Brca1 expression in rat mammary tumors [41]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":119362683,"citingcorpusid":11434131,"citedcorpusid":11585357,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Patients with limited stage disease received 3 or 4 ABVD cycles, according to the presence of other risk factors as defined by the EORTC [36], followed by involvedfield radiotherapy.","Patients with limited stage disease received 3 or 4 ABVD cycles, according to the presence of other risk factors as defined by the EORTC [36], followed by involved- field radiotherapy."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":910048993,"citingcorpusid":14938879,"citedcorpusid":43833925,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For CMV, tissue cultures can be obtained, or animals can be tested for pp65 antigenemia in blood and in cerebrospinal fluid (Fishman et al. 2000; Murray et al. 1997; Razonable et al. 2003; Rowshani et al. 2005; Rubin 2002b; Rubin et al. 1981; Storch et al. 1994; Tanabe et al. 1997).","For CMV, tissue cultures can be obtained, or animals can be tested for pp65 antigenemia in blood and in cerebrospinal fluid (Fishman et al. 2000; Murray et al. 1997; Razonable et al. 2003; Rowshani et al. 2005; Rubin 2002b;\nRubin et al. 1981; Storch et al. 1994; Tanabe et al. 1997)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":25780263,"citingcorpusid":2765012,"citedcorpusid":39593215,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Previous studies were primarily related to its antidiabetic properties [19, 20]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1719921689,"citingcorpusid":128818851,"citedcorpusid":56541793,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The volcanic complex of Los Azufres consists of four ignimbrite units and many dome complexes that, according to Ferrari et al. (1991) and Pradal and Robin (1994) are controlled by a poorly-defined, subcircular volcanic collapse feature; this caldera-like structure, of about 20 km in diameter and a…","W striking, pervasive normal faulting is developed across the Los Azufres area, affecting most of the volcanic sequence, except for domes younger than 0.3 Ma (Ferrari et al., 1991)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3999716602,"citingcorpusid":239713446,"citedcorpusid":52814636,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", depression, anxiety, stress, and negative affect), mental fatigue, and lower levels of quality of life (Gyawali et al., 2020; Johansson & Rönnbäck, 2012; Ramos-Lima et al., 2018).","…of life, mental health, and participation in valued activities, such as greater levels of psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress, and negative affect), mental fatigue, and lower levels of quality of life (Gyawali et al., 2020; Johansson & Rönnbäck, 2012; Ramos-Lima et al., 2018)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1635939082,"citingcorpusid":10807959,"citedcorpusid":16134877,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This use of time can be very explicit, as we have shown in neural algorithms that use spike timing to efficiently represent information for algorithms such as comparing crosscorrelations [25]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2761506854,"citingcorpusid":23802876,"citedcorpusid":39568266,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Analysis of V. cholerae has revealed a number of genes that play crucial roles in ATR (8–10).","This ability is believed to be linked to an adaptive stress response to acid known as the acid tolerance response (ATR) (7, 9, 11).","In this work, we investigate the nature of ATR-induced V. cholerae hyperinfectivity and observe a growth advantage of adapted versus unadapted V. cholerae cells at middle to late stages of a 24-h infection.","Briefly, overnight cultures of isogenic lacZ and lacZ mutant V. cholerae strains AC51 and AC168 (9) were subcultured to fresh Luria-Bertani (LB) broth and grown to mid-exponential phase (optical density at 600 nm of 0.2 to 0.3).","Additionally it was shown that ATR increases bacterial infectivity: specifically, acidadapted V. cholerae outcompeted unadapted V. cholerae by 1 order of magnitude after 24 h of coinfection in the infant mouse but did not outcompete the unadapted organism during in vitro growth (9).","This difference is greater by 10 h, and by 24 h the ratio of adapted to unadapted cells is 30-fold greater (9).","In this assay, differentially marked acid-adapted and unadapted strains were coinfected into 5-day-old CD-1 infant mice as previously described (9).","It is also possible that the ATR may enhance survival and growth within the intestinal tract after passage through the stomach.","cholerae strains AC51 and AC168 (9) were subcultured to fresh Luria-Bertani (LB) broth and grown to mid-exponential phase (optical density at 600 nm of 0.","cholerae by 1 order of magnitude after 24 h of coinfection in the infant mouse but did not outcompete the unadapted organism during in vitro growth (9)."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,null,["background"],["methodology"],null,["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":784867043,"citingcorpusid":23455561,"citedcorpusid":25940508,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The methods for data collection have been described previously.(9) The variables related to general characteristics, stress factors, lifestyles, and risk factors were dichotomous (yes/ no), except education, which was grouped by educational levels (junior or less, high school, higher education)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2416801469,"citingcorpusid":19309528,"citedcorpusid":35253735,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["On the other hand, Rappaport et al. (2013) provided a different Roche lobe relationship for planets with somewhat compressible interiors that suggests the shortest-period candidate orbiting KIC 5080636 might actually require a density ≥ 7 g/cm3 in order not to be disrupted in its orbit.","If, as suggested by Rappaport et al. (2013), the shortestperiod objects orbiting KIC 5080636 does have a density ≥ 7 g/cm3, this may be further evidence that it is a remnant core.","Rappaport et al. (2013) also analyzed the data for this object with a transit and photometric model similar to ours.","Rappaport et al. (2013) analyzed short-cadence data (with a time resolution of 1-min) and\n10\napparently did not include the possibility of a Doppler signal (we did not detect a robust Doppler signal)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1544190240,"citingcorpusid":150336474,"citedcorpusid":9109752,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Exploring the concept of aesthetics in multimedia based-learning has been explored as “emotional design in multimedia” by researchers such as Heidig et al. (2015), Mayer and Estrella (2014), Park, Knörzer, Plass, and Brünken (2015) and Um (2008).","Courseware design\nThe graphical user interface for the design of the courseware is based on prior research relating to aesthetics, emotional design in multimedia learning and emotional induction using multimedia elements (Table 1) (Heidig et al., 2015; Mayer & Estrella, 2014; Plass et al., 2013).","Emotional design in multimedia learning\nIn this study, the definition of emotional design in multimedia learning is as defined from previous studies by Heidig et al. (2015), Mayer and Estrella (2014) and Plass et al. (2013).","Nevertheless, the application of aesthetics should always have an instructional goal (Mayer & Estrella, 2014).","Positive designs are associated with elements that induces positive emotions such as bright colours, shapes and anthropomorphism (Mayer & Estrella, 2014; Um, Plass, Hayward, & Homer, 2011) whereas neutral designs are designs that neither reflects positive nor negative emotional valence (Plass,…"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4002239669,"citingcorpusid":70714223,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["United States, 2001–2012.","Utilizing the barcode data from Veterans Affairs Centers throughout the United States, Huttner et al. (2012) were able to collect data on the antibiotic usage in treating drugresistant pathogens."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3899213828,"citingcorpusid":166518703,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Yin (2008) highlighted that theory development before collecting data assists the data analysis phase as the theory is considered to be the guideline for the research study."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1784812993,"citingcorpusid":210789284,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In Hong Kong, Chang (1995:4) noted that the PTA: provides a means for the parents and teachers to work together, a channel to articulate their needs, a forum for the exchange of educational views. an urge for the school to make a parent policy, an opportunity for them to participate in the educational process of their children, a means to pool the parents' strength in supporting the school development, a network for the parents to meet and exchange their views on the education of their children..... and many other positive considerations.","The impact of the Parent- Teacher Association (PTA) on a secondary school in Hong Kong. Unpublished Dissertation University of Hong Kong. Darrell, F.(2005).Professional Learning in Effective Schools. The Seven Principles of Highly Effective Professional Learning. Andragogical Skills & Microteaching David, L. A. (1998). Journal of College Science Teaching, 28(2), p. 103. Dunne, M., Akyeampong, K., & Hamphreys (2007). School processes, local governance and community participation: understanding access. Consortium for research on education, access, transition and equity. CREATE PATHWAYS to Access. Research Monograph, No6 Retrieved on 17th November 2013 from http://www.create,rpc.org/pdf_documents. Edem, A. R. (2005).Effective and efficient-qualified education. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık. Edward .S. (1994), Fixed Exchange Rate, inflation and Microeconmic Discipline issued in Feb 1994.","The impact of the Parent- Teacher Association (PTA) on a secondary school in Hong Kong. Unpublished Dissertation University of Hong Kong. Darrell, F.(2005).Professional Learning in Effective Schools. The Seven Principles of Highly Effective Professional Learning. Andragogical Skills & Microteaching David, L. A. (1998). Journal of College Science Teaching, 28(2), p. 103. Dunne, M., Akyeampong, K., & Hamphreys (2007). School processes, local governance and community participation: understanding access. Consortium for research on education, access, transition and equity. CREATE PATHWAYS to Access. Research Monograph, No6 Retrieved on 17th November 2013 from http://www.create,rpc.org/pdf_documents. Edem, A. R. (2005).Effective and efficient-qualified education. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık. Edward .S. (1994), Fixed Exchange Rate, inflation and Microeconmic Discipline issued in Feb 1994. Ekwume and Igwe (2001),The Impact Analysis of Instructional Facilities and Teachers Attitude on Students‟ learning Role and Performance.","The impact of the Parent- Teacher Association (PTA) on a secondary school in Hong Kong. Unpublished Dissertation University of Hong Kong. Darrell, F.(2005).Professional Learning in Effective Schools. The Seven Principles of Highly Effective Professional Learning. Andragogical Skills & Microteaching David, L. A. (1998). Journal of College Science Teaching, 28(2), p. 103. Dunne, M., Akyeampong, K., & Hamphreys (2007). School processes, local governance and community participation: understanding access.","The impact of the Parent- Teacher Association (PTA) on a secondary school in Hong Kong. Unpublished Dissertation University of Hong Kong. Darrell, F.(2005).Professional Learning in Effective Schools. The Seven Principles of Highly Effective Professional Learning. Andragogical Skills & Microteaching David, L. A. (1998). Journal of College Science Teaching, 28(2), p.","The impact of the Parent- Teacher Association (PTA) on a secondary school in Hong Kong. Unpublished Dissertation University of Hong Kong. Darrell, F.(2005).Professional Learning in Effective Schools. The Seven Principles of Highly Effective Professional Learning. Andragogical Skills & Microteaching David, L. A. (1998). Journal of College Science Teaching, 28(2), p. 103. Dunne, M., Akyeampong, K., & Hamphreys (2007). School processes, local governance and community participation: understanding access. Consortium for research on education, access, transition and equity. CREATE PATHWAYS to Access. Research Monograph, No6 Retrieved on 17th November 2013 from http://www.create,rpc.org/pdf_documents. Edem, A. R. (2005).Effective and efficient-qualified education.","The impact of the Parent- Teacher Association (PTA) on a secondary school in Hong Kong. Unpublished Dissertation University of Hong Kong. Darrell, F.(2005).Professional Learning in Effective Schools."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":608980649,"citingcorpusid":6335149,"citedcorpusid":56416397,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["On this theme, we can cite the papers of Headey et al. (2010), Reimer & Kang (2010), Rezitis (2010), Coelli & Rao (2005), Gorton & Davidova (2004), Thiam et al. (2001), for example."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2847850292,"citingcorpusid":23420869,"citedcorpusid":33636914,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, several host cell factors are required for the ActA-induced actin assembly [Lasa et al., 1998], but it is likely that other factors also will be identified.","N), because this region of the protein is both necessary and sufficient to support actin polymerization and bacterial movement in Xenopus egg extracts and to enhance Arp2/3-dependent actin nucleation in vitro [Lasa et al., 1998; Welch et al., 1998]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4079928037,"citingcorpusid":254245863,"citedcorpusid":229440050,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Among them, the advantages of adsorption were simple operation and high efficiency (He et al. 2020; Jeyaseelan et al. 2021), and new adsorbents were explored, such as nanoparticles of metal oxides/hydroxides (Dou et al."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2083691336,"citingcorpusid":85456643,"citedcorpusid":36154936,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Applying tDCS in cases of patients with anxiety without proper cognitive treatment before or during tDCS could be dangerous, as tDCS might boost the harmful effect of RNT [52].","For example, repetitive negative thinking (RNT), which is uncontrolled, excessive, negative thinking, might be a characteristic of anxiety."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":4098392922,"citingcorpusid":258142681,"citedcorpusid":220486896,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Since the two datasets only provide complete pixel-level labels, each point annotation is roughly extracted from the center point of the complete pixel-level annotation [38].","Qu et al. [38] proposed a two-stage weakly supervised segmentation framework based on partial point annotations to achieve nuclei segmentation."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":957656992,"citingcorpusid":54800135,"citedcorpusid":8314150,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The nanocarriers with graphene oxide are used to deliver cancer drug, doxorubicin, directly to the nucleus of the cell (Zhou et al. 2014), as well as nanodiamonds-mediated doxorubicin is used to inhibit the lung metastasis of breast cancer (Xiao et al. 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1693978481,"citingcorpusid":102525560,"citedcorpusid":132694867,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Mechanistic body-size related responses could characterize an organism’s response to environmental stressors such as hypoxia, making the macrobenthos a useful functional indicator of hypoxia (Rasmussen1993; Brey et al. 1996; Rakocinski and Zapfe 2005; Persson and De Roos 2007; Rakocinski 2012).","The macrobenthic community performs an essential functional service by regulating the transfer of dissolved and particulate matter across the sediment-water interface and mediating nutrient transformations (Hansen and Kristensen 1997, Rakocinski and Zapfe 2005, Surugiu 2005).","body-size related responses could characterize an organism’s response to environmental stressors such as hypoxia, making the macrobenthos a useful functional indicator of hypoxia (Rasmussen1993; Brey et al. 1996; Rakocinski and Zapfe 2005; Persson and De Roos 2007; Rakocinski 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1693978978,"citingcorpusid":102525560,"citedcorpusid":83647607,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The isopod, Saduria entomon, showed an 8 hr period of recovery marked by a peak in oxygen consumption of approximately 0.57 mg O2 g -1; whereas its VO2 under normoxia was typically 0.109 mg O2 g -1 (Vismann and Hagerman 1996).","The isopod, Saduria entomon, also displayed an elevated oxygen consumption overshoot after 1 hour of recovery from hypoxia, and did not return to normal respiration levels for 8 hours (Vismann and Hagerman 1996)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":915262710,"citingcorpusid":2326265,"citedcorpusid":21558673,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["02 Hours of phototherapy mean (SD) 41 (29) 44 (25) NS TSB at start phototherapy mean (SD) lmol ⁄ L 215 (117) 243 (64) NS Age in hours at start phototherapy mean (SD) 32 (11) 23 (8) <0.","after the introduction of anti-D prophylaxis, ABO-incompatibility is now the major cause of immune haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) in developed countries (10,11)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3377558401,"citingcorpusid":235727283,"citedcorpusid":73549116,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We then look at a strong nonlinearity condition that is a vital property to ensure convergence of iterative Hilbert space methods like nonlinear Landweber or REGINN (see Hanke et al. 1995; Rieder 1999; Rieder 2001).","To get optimal convergence results and also in case of inexact Newton iterations more restrictive assumptions are necessary, see Hanke et al. 1995; Rieder 1999; Rieder 2001."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2554995623,"citingcorpusid":220846827,"citedcorpusid":23853924,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Coronavirus causes ER stress by forming DMV, glycosylating S protein and depleting ER membrane lipid [25,26]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":796319709,"citingcorpusid":3141527,"citedcorpusid":23553924,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Because the gradual loss of telomeric DNA in dividing somatic cells contributes to senescence, apoptosis, and neoplastic transformation (3), telomere length (TL) may serve as an important biomarker for cell aging (4)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1214494754,"citingcorpusid":40521253,"citedcorpusid":23553924,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2324611844,"citingcorpusid":4588275,"citedcorpusid":23553924,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…studies have suggested that telomere length is heritable (Andrew et al., 2006; Bischoff et al., 2005; Jeanclos et al., 2000; Slagboom et al., 1994; Vasa-Nicotera et al., 2005), but the relationship of telomere length to longevity is inconsistent, with some studies showing a relationship of LTL to…","Prior family-based studies have suggested that telomere length is heritable (Andrew et al., 2006; Bischoff et al., 2005; Jeanclos et al., 2000; Slagboom et al., 1994; Vasa-Nicotera et al., 2005), but the relationship of telomere length to longevity is inconsistent, with some studies showing a relationship of LTL to survival, (Cawthon et al.","Recent genome-wide linkage and association studies have reported candidate loci and gene SNPs (Andrew et al., 2006 ; Codd et al., 2010 ; Deelen et al., 2011 ; Soerensen et al., 2012 ; Vasa-Nicotera et al., 2005).","Prior studies have demonstrated heritability of LTL, although estimates have varied widely from about 30% to 80% (Al-Attas et al., 2012 ; Andrew et al., 2006 ; De Meyer et al., 2007 ; Jeanclos et al., 2000 ; Nordfjall et al., 2005 ; Nordfjall et al., 2010 ; Slagboom et al., 1994 ; Vasa-Nicotera et al., 2005 ; Wong et al., 2011).","…heritability of varying degrees, up to 78%, in studies of different population groups and twin cohorts (Andrew et al., 2006 ; Bischoff et al., 2005 ; Broer et al., 2013 ; Jeanclos et al., 2000 ; Nordfjall et al., 2005 ; Nordfjall et al., 2010 ; Slagboom et al., 1994 ; Vasa-Nicotera et al., 2005).","…heritability of LTL, although estimates have varied widely from about 30% to 80% (Al-Attas et al., 2012 ; Andrew et al., 2006 ; De Meyer et al., 2007 ; Jeanclos et al., 2000 ; Nordfjall et al., 2005 ; Nordfjall et al., 2010 ; Slagboom et al., 1994 ; Vasa-Nicotera et al., 2005 ; Wong et al., 2011).","LTL has been reported to have heritability of varying degrees, up to 78%, in studies of different population groups and twin cohorts (Andrew et al., 2006 ; Bischoff et al., 2005 ; Broer et al., 2013 ; Jeanclos et al., 2000 ; Nordfjall et al., 2005 ; Nordfjall et al., 2010 ; Slagboom et al., 1994 ; Vasa-Nicotera et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["result"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":569847320,"citingcorpusid":55717763,"citedcorpusid":186682,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["PBMC‐NK ErbB2 (HER‐2) Breast, ovarian and renal cell carcinoma CD28/CD3ζ Retrovirus [174]","This cytotoxicity was correlated with the HER2 expression level on target cells [174]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":162757776,"citingcorpusid":15653023,"citedcorpusid":17689355,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This permits to extend our previous motion planning approach [2] to a “strategic” level, allowing the robot to devise a path to a more distant goal.","To detect such situations, the planner is equipped with a module for collision detection, which uses a simplified CAD model of the robot (see [2] for details).","The obtained elevation map is then used for planning of the footholds [1], and as shown in our recent work [2], can be a basis for local motion planning."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3315072218,"citingcorpusid":233392299,"citedcorpusid":212538145,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Analytical literature review shows a number of methods to determine trerazosin in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids such as: reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC (3-5), high performance thin layer chromatography, HPTLC (4,6), Electrochemical (7-11) spectrophotometric methods (12-18), and spectroflurimetric methods (19-21) The aim from this work is the development of two methods That are simple, accurate, sensitive and fast utilizing spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric and applying to pharmaceutical preparations using the eosineY dye."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3315072220,"citingcorpusid":233392299,"citedcorpusid":3482805,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Analytical literature review shows a number of methods to determine trerazosin in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids such as: reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC (3-5), high performance thin layer chromatography, HPTLC (4,6), Electrochemical (7-11) spectrophotometric methods (12-18), and spectroflurimetric methods (19-21) The aim from this work is the development of two methods That are simple, accurate, sensitive and fast utilizing spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric and applying to pharmaceutical preparations using the eosineY dye."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2544995630,"citingcorpusid":70410150,"citedcorpusid":25174610,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Emergent exploration with aspiration of pus, cleansing of fecal material, resection of the diseased bowel, and proximal end colostomy with oversewing of the distal stump (Hartmann’s operation) are performed [158–160]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2486429586,"citingcorpusid":26657585,"citedcorpusid":11724896,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["plays higher binding off-rate kinetics (Parsons et al., 1993; Chen and Lipton, 1997).","However, it is of lower potency and dis-\nBritish Journal of Pharmacology (2012) 166 1002–1017 1011\nplays higher binding off-rate kinetics (Parsons et al., 1993; Chen and Lipton, 1997).","Reported EC50 values for memantine inhibition of NMDA-induced responses are in the low micromolar range (Chen and Lipton, 1997)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3791427851,"citingcorpusid":249674879,"citedcorpusid":122958779,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The acronym ”BSE” stands for Bochner-SchoenbergEberlein and refers to a famous theorem, for the additive group of real numbers, proved by Bochner and Schoenberg [4, 24].","Then the result was generalized by Eberlein [10], for an abelian locally compact group G, which is indicating the BSE-property of the group algebra L1(G) [21]."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3418578983,"citingcorpusid":20807778,"citedcorpusid":201960501,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It has been applied to the identification of some Campylobacter species by using radiolabeled total DNA probes and dot blot hybridization techniques (9, 11, 26, 34, 39, 42, 44) and to the classification of some of them (14).","These observations are in agreement with the results of Harvey and Greenwood (9) and Roop et al."],"intents":[null,["result"]]}
{"citationid":3875630640,"citingcorpusid":119510603,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…based on Bernoulli’s law, complemented by a compressibility coefficient, which is derived from the water compressibility equation, as presented in Hashish (2003):\nvi ¼ w ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi\n2 Dp qw\ns\nð1Þ\nThe compressibility coefficient w is defined as\nw…","The isentropic velocity vi is calculated based on Bernoulli’s law, complemented by a compressibility coefficient, which is derived from the water compressibility equation, as presented in Hashish (2003):"],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3408986534,"citingcorpusid":232299959,"citedcorpusid":22723103,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["29(6) 606–614 © The Author(s) 2021 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.","612 International Journal of Surgical Pathology 29(6)","608 International Journal of Surgical Pathology 29(6)","610 International Journal of Surgical Pathology 29(6)","These tumors occurred almost exclusively in women who had a mean age at presentation in the fourth decade.(1-13) Histologically, these tumors display a mucinous or a mixture of non-mucinous and mucinous epithelium, most often with low-grade dysplasia."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1556296642,"citingcorpusid":131562607,"citedcorpusid":128481571,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Increasing trends in precipitation extremes were observed in Europe [Wijngaard et al., 2003; Fowler and Ekström, 2009]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2693524218,"citingcorpusid":42649197,"citedcorpusid":57219594,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Negative effects of protein supplementation of adolescent and adult women have been reported (Rush, 1986; Sloan et al. 2001) but these women were generally from low-income groups with inadequate or sufficient energy intakes, rather than the 2-fold higher energy intakes studied here.","However, both high protein supplements in low-income women and high protein intakes in women consuming a self-selected diet (n 2163 pregnancies) are associated with a modest but significant decrease in birth weight (Sloan et al. 2001).","Historically, protein deficiency was implicated in depressed fetal growth and impaired infant development (as reviewed by Sloan et al. 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1969895376,"citingcorpusid":15436967,"citedcorpusid":24870801,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 27 December 2013 doi: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00280\nGacyclidine improves the survival and reduces motor deficits in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","Moreover, in vivo GK11 exhibits neuroprotective effects following organophosphorous nerve agents-induced convulsions (Bhagat et al., 2005) and following spinal cord injury (Feldblum et al.,\nFrontiers in Cellular Neuroscience www.frontiersin.org December 2013 | Volume 7 | Article 280 | 1\nCELLULAR…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1728164474,"citingcorpusid":209497344,"citedcorpusid":3620419,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although such information can be easily accessible in operators’ side, it is usually not disclosed to the public, and several research works have been based on in-field measurement data [1]–[3]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2060974765,"citingcorpusid":214732084,"citedcorpusid":121010223,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Commonly used ratio estimands include ratios of cause-specific hazards and ratios of the so-called subdistribution hazards, defined for example in Fine & Gray (1999) or Lau et al. (2009).","The ratios of sub-distribution hazards can be estimated based on the Fine–Gray regression model (Austin & Fine, 2017; Fine & Gray, 1999; Unkel et al., 2019)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3994844511,"citingcorpusid":254197351,"citedcorpusid":12469757,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In particular, Xiao et al. (2004) attached polyacrylamide onto PDMS surfaces by ATRP and established high-speed separation of samples by preventing sample adsorption.","Electrophoresis in PDMS microchip by chemical grafting using polymer brushes indicates high stability (Xiao et al. 2004; Sun et al. 2008; Zhang et al. 2009; Feng et al. 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1675166938,"citingcorpusid":167384239,"citedcorpusid":167556952,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Boshoff (1999) analyzed the recovery expectations of customers to define the properties of service recovery, and then developed an instrument to measure satisfaction with transactionspecific service recovery (RECOVSAT).","Furthermore, Boshoff (1999) argued that the manufacturer which suffers the fault should know what the customer reacts in remedying expectation that displays."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2511748033,"citingcorpusid":82690382,"citedcorpusid":24771881,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2007b) and β-lactamase inhibitor combinations as a class (Wener et al. 2010).","Two important recently published studies (Wener et al. 2010; Rodriguez-Bano et al. 2010) have P."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2305311053,"citingcorpusid":28368405,"citedcorpusid":1656496,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Following these animal models, some have inferred that isomerism of the atrial appendages is the hallmark of heterotaxy.(15) A constellation of heart defects is usually, but not always, associated with these syndromes, although defects commonly found in the two syndromes can co-exist in the same patient.","In the morphologically right atrium, the pectinate muscles extend to the crux of the heart, whereas in the morphologically left atrium the pectinate muscles are confined within the left atrial appendage.(15) The problem is that this feature, although anatomically constant, is extremely difficult to assess in the living patient, even with modern imaging techniques such as CT-scan or MRI."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2106252678,"citingcorpusid":153525536,"citedcorpusid":167556952,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It was shown quality is only indirectly related to loyalty via perceived value and satisfaction (Caruana, 2002; Akinci, Atilgan-Ina, & Aksoy, 2010; Liang, 2012; Marimon, Petnji, & Casadesus, 2012), and recovery directly predicted loyalty (Boshoff, 2005; Parasuraman et al., 2005; Lin, 2012).","Given that there is a growing body of empirical evidence that upholds that satisfactory service recovery is linked to customer loyalty, commitment, trust, and other valuable outcomes, such as positive word-ofmouth, retention, value, enhanced perceptions of the firm’s competence, and satisfactory image in terms of perceived service quality (Tax, Brown, & Chandrashekaran, 1998; Boshoff, 2005; Parasuraman et al., 2005; Lin, 2012).","Moreover, a failure to ensure that complaining customers are satisfied with the online firm’s service recovery efforts can only lead to serious problems, since the online service firm will be running the risk of letting the customer down for a second time (Boshoff, 2005).","tomer satisfaction with service recovery (Boshoff, 2005).","2012), and recovery directly predicted loyalty (Boshoff, 2005; Parasuraman et al., 2005; Lin, 2012).","Furthermore, it has been argued that service recovery plays a key role in any service management tactic (Boshoff, 2005).","…commitment, trust, and other valuable outcomes, such as positive word-ofmouth, retention, value, enhanced perceptions of the firm’s competence, and satisfactory image in terms of perceived service quality (Tax, Brown, & Chandrashekaran, 1998; Boshoff, 2005; Parasuraman et al., 2005; Lin, 2012).","Thus online service providers are oblivious to the damage caused by poor recovery, simply because there is no assessment of customer satisfaction with service recovery (Boshoff, 2005).","It is therefore extremely important that service providers on the Internet know how to improve loyalty levels and to encourage repeat purchasing decisions among their customers (Parasuraman et al., 1998, 2005; Tax et al., 1998; Estelami, 2000; Boshoff, 2005; Marimon et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3160743990,"citingcorpusid":4326762,"citedcorpusid":130771692,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A link between the GS and LF-NAO, with the GS lagging by 0–2yr, has been noted before (Joyce et al. 2000; Hameed and Piontkovski 2004; Sanchez-Franks et al. 2016) but not the GS or LFNAO’s association with the AMO’s decadal pulses."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3160743970,"citingcorpusid":4326762,"citedcorpusid":122882415,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There is growing evidence that the AMO’s SST anomalies can influence the NAO (Bjerknes 1964; Czaja and Frankignoul 2002; Rodwell and Folland 2002; Gulev et al. 2013; Peings and Magnusdottir 2016)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3603690717,"citingcorpusid":243864621,"citedcorpusid":9808585,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[") the semantic coherence of a word with the rest of the sentence (Ehrlich and Rayner, 1981; Pynte et al., 2008; Mitchell et al., 2010), measured","1 Early studies had also found correlations be-tween semantic distance, computed by word embeddings, and eye-tracking features in reading processes (Pynte et al., 2008; Mitchell et al., 2010).","…focused on two factors: i.) the semantic coherence of a word with the rest of the sentence (Ehrlich and Rayner, 1981; Pynte et al., 2008; Mitchell et al., 2010), measured via semantic similarity metrics and ii.) its pre-dictability from previous context, as measured by surprisal (Hale,…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":838661408,"citingcorpusid":25420901,"citedcorpusid":10950618,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["%) by the UKU scale, it was always only of a mild degree, the difference was not statistically significant (P / 0.816).","In the original version of the UKU scale, each item is scored on a four-point scale, in general, 0 /none or doubtful, 1 /present to a mild degree, 2 /present to a moderate degree and 3 /present to a severe degree.","The most frequently used instruments are the UKU scale (Utvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser [12]) in Europe, and the ASEX scale (Arizona Sexual Functioning Scale [13]) and CSFQ (Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire [14]) in the USA.","We used the original manual of the UKU [12], which defines each item and provides detailed information of each anchor point.","Sexual dysfunctions were detected using the UKU scale [12]."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1034331991,"citingcorpusid":54960677,"citedcorpusid":1719581,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although computationally this approach might be challenging, there are a number of situations where it is possible to compute the scan statistic in nearly linear time (Arias-Castro et al., 2005; Neill, 2012; Neill and Moore, 2004; Walther, 2010).","We already cited some works where fast (typically approximate) algorithms for scanning various classes of subsets are proposed (Arias-Castro et al., 2005; Neill, 2012; Neill and Moore, 2004; Walther, 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":841487554,"citingcorpusid":25024428,"citedcorpusid":5784219,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["tivity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) monocarboxylic acid transporter (16,48).","(10) found no significant changes in either phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose, or BBB glucose transport; consistent with studies reported no changes in glucose transporter as a result of hypoglycemia (16,45)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":1016532177,"citingcorpusid":10988273,"citedcorpusid":86049049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…activity of starch-degrading enzymes was increased in the process of potato tuber CIS (Cottrell et al. 1993) although, previously, there were some arguments for a predominant pathway (Morrell and Rees 1986) and incompatible results between potato genotypes (Claassen et al. 1993; Hill et al. 1996)."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":94885183,"citingcorpusid":43617409,"citedcorpusid":157688327,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["He cites a 1996 Dutch study which indicates that 62% of the respondents indicated that they believed that a lack of computer skills can result in social marginalization. van Dijk (2000) notes that computer skills and ICT access are not enough for network society participation.","We know that ICT can improve an individual’s position in a political network and provide tangible political benefits because ICT users are presently experiencing this (van Dijk 2000).","Hacker and van Dijk (2000) indicate that the static nature of many available divide reports and data sets do not fully illustrate or explain the problems of the digital divide.","Some argue that many of the digital divide gaps in Internet usage have become worse in recent years (van Dijk 2000).","Van Dijk (2000) views new technology as serving to reinforce social equalities and inequalities already present in society because of the cumulative nature of digital skills.","Van Dijk (2000) argues that those who are not connected to the increasing networks of education, commerce, news, and activism are missing important opportunities for participation in what is called network society."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":572401714,"citingcorpusid":7558453,"citedcorpusid":24576531,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Bronchoscopy has long been used for the diagnosis of airway invasion in esophageal cancer patients [1,2,4,6].","Reviewing the literature, Cheng previously reported that patients with direct signs of airway invasions were significantly associated with poorer prognosis than for those with only indirect sign of invasion [6]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1132780861,"citingcorpusid":151548351,"citedcorpusid":148008405,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["105 Carillo Rowe (2003) defines as “Be-Longing,” a hopelessly destructive and painful longing for something they will never be granted in Germany, a country marked by Vergangenheitsbewältigung, a country haunted by its controversial past.","Sibel is one of many Turkish women whose cultural experience in Germany could be best conceptualized in what\n105\nCarillo Rowe (2003) defines as “Be-Longing,” a hopelessly destructive and painful longing for something they will never be granted in Germany, a country marked by Vergangenheitsbewältigung, a country haunted by its controversial past.","hegemonic consciousness (Rowe, 2008), progressive and transformative in its nature.","The concept of historically salient German Volk suggests problematic of what Carillo Rowe (2005) defines as “Be-Longing,” or the eternal unsatisfied quest to become included into a certain cultural group."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":1832549299,"citingcorpusid":19339258,"citedcorpusid":86049049,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The cDNA was inserted in the antisense orientation between the tuberspecific patatin gene B33 promoter (Rocha-Sosa et al. 1989) and the OCS terminator sequence ( Herrera-Estrella et al. 1983 )."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2626674791,"citingcorpusid":97460658,"citedcorpusid":109071330,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In contrast, some researchers have reported positive relationship between bulk density and moisture content for guna seeds, lentil seeds, pumpkin seeds, pigeon pea, cumin seed and neem seeds [24,8,34,22,27,23].","A linear increase in thousand seedmasswith increase inmoisture content has also been reported for lentil, guna seeds, green gram, white lupin and cumin seeds [8,24–27].","The emptying angle of repose for soybean was greater than reported values for locust bean seeds, hemp seeds, quinoa seeds, hazel nut, African star apple seeds and lower than reported values for pumpkin seeds, guna seeds, green gram, flaxseed and caper seed [35– 38,29,34,24,25,28,13]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2626675017,"citingcorpusid":97460658,"citedcorpusid":109092468,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In contrast, some researchers have reported positive relationship between bulk density and moisture content for guna seeds, lentil seeds, pumpkin seeds, pigeon pea, cumin seed and neem seeds [24,8,34,22,27,23].","Other researchers found that as the moisture content increased, the static coefficient of friction also increased [34,8,10,26,15].","(1996), however found the porosity of pumpkin seeds, chick pea seeds and neem nuts, respectively decreased with increasing the moisture content [34,11,23].","The emptying angle of repose for soybean was greater than reported values for locust bean seeds, hemp seeds, quinoa seeds, hazel nut, African star apple seeds and lower than reported values for pumpkin seeds, guna seeds, green gram, flaxseed and caper seed [35– 38,29,34,24,25,28,13]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1926614749,"citingcorpusid":136254752,"citedcorpusid":27273342,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["decorrelation times of this dynamic speckle field is on the order of 1 μs [238,240].","source for passive near-field imaging is based on a common off-the-shelf CW laser, a colloidal solution, and an integrating sphere and is considerably simpler than alternatives such as random lasers [238,242,243], broadband or multiple lasers [244], or low spatial","The dynamical scattering of the incident laser field gives rise to quickly changing uncorrelated speckle patterns [238,239]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1020437821,"citingcorpusid":2092991,"citedcorpusid":85818503,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is recognised as one of the most common forms of autosomal dominant syndromic hearing impairment, responsible for 2% of profound deafness in children.79\nTo date, four genetic loci have been mapped for BO/BOR syndrome: BOR1,80 BOR2,81 BOS282 and BOS3.","To date, four genetic loci have been mapped for BO/BOR syndrome: BOR1,(80) BOR2,(81) BOS2(82) and BOS3.(83) Except for BOS2, the corresponding genes have been identified."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3317744107,"citingcorpusid":218968936,"citedcorpusid":6436992,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The rectosigmoid colon was the most frequently involved portion of the bowel, followed by the ileocecum (5,11,12).","Ovarian cancer frequently invades the small and large intestines, making bowel resection a crucial part of cytoreductive surgery (1,3-6)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1111766510,"citingcorpusid":15449954,"citedcorpusid":4847870,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Copyright q 1996 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/96/167055-08$05.00/0\na dopamine perturbation, have been the subject of a previous short report (Dolan et al., 1995)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3835861776,"citingcorpusid":248776298,"citedcorpusid":20353685,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In particular, it participates in the regulation of lysosomal biogenesis, lysosomal acidification, lysosomal exocytosis, endocytosis, autophagy, and membrane repair.(7) Recently, TFEB dysregulation was found to play a crucial pathogenic role in different tumours by modulating tumour cell autophagy."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":47270698,"citingcorpusid":8031215,"citedcorpusid":22081586,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Being an excellent source of nutrients and phytochemicals, mulberry has been established as functional food (Srivastava et al. 2006).","Meanwhile, the leaves are highly palatable (Srivastava et al. 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":2450273569,"citingcorpusid":55811109,"citedcorpusid":55554073,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…area of second language acquisition has generally looked at them as part of the larger category of formulaic language (see Wray & Perkins, 2000, for an overview), sometimes referring to them as “deictic locutions” (Becker, 1975, p. 61) or “discourse devices” (Nattinger & DeCarrico, 1992, p. 64)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3876268361,"citingcorpusid":55811109,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Foster and Skehan (1996, 1999), Skehan and Foster (1997, 1999) and Skehen (1998, 2003) have foregrounded the role of attention and the effects that the allocation of attentional resources have on second language production.","In a series of studies (Foster & Skehan, 1996, 1999; Skehan & Foster 1997, 1999) Foster and Skehan have looked at the effects of various task characteristics and task conditions on the fluency, accuracy, and complexity of the subjects’ output."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3776015652,"citingcorpusid":203153987,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…) ．\nSkip-gramは，着目単語の周辺単語を予測するモデルである．各単語は入力側の単語ベクトル vIN と出力側の単語ベクトル vOUT で表現され，確率値の計算には，これらが使用される． Mikolov et al. (2013)は，Skip-gramの学習時における計算コストを削減するために Skip-gram with Negative Sampling (SGNS)を提案した．SGNSでは，学習コーパス内で単語 wt が wk の 近くに出現していた場合，log σ(vINwt · v OUT wk ) + ∑N n=1 Ewn∼Z(w) log σ(vINwt · −v…"],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":1526658631,"citingcorpusid":18269020,"citedcorpusid":31090447,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In some studies ‘younger age’, [7, 11, 13, 14] and the ‘third trimester’ [8] have been found to be associated with higher levels of depression among GDM subjects."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3959389317,"citingcorpusid":252911175,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For single layer graphs, the computational advantages of the spectral SVD algorithm over stochastic gradient training have been well-studied [36, 50].","It has been shown that normalized PPMI is better at optimizing Skip-Gram’s objective and shows better performance than word2vec derived models [18, 19] in Natural Language Processing (NLP tasks) [35, 36]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3900429148,"citingcorpusid":123180665,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["an ideal subject for studies of very compact star clusters in distant starburst regions. Up until recently, the compactness of the central ionizing cluster, HD 97950, and large interstellar extinction towards NGC 3603 prevented detailed studies of its stellar content. Hofmann, Seggewiss & Weigelt (1995) found that HD 97950 has a mass density of ,10(5) M( pc , making it a factor of 3.5 more compact than R136 (HD 38268, Feast, Thackeray & Wesselink 1960), located at the core of 30 Doradus. It is well established that HD 97950 and R136 contain at least one ‘superluminous’ nitrogen sequence (WN-type) Wolf–Rayet star (Walborn 1973; Moffat, Seggewiss & Shara 1985) – indeed they both have WR catalogue numbers – WR43 (van der Hucht et al. 1981) and Brey 82 (Breysacher 1981). Both cores have subsequently been spatially resolved into numerous components. HD 97950 contains three late WN (WNL) stars (HD 97950–A1, B and C) and several early O stars (Drissen et al. 1995, hereafter DMWS), with a similar stellar content for R136a, the brightest component of R136 (Moffat et al. 1985; Campbell et al. 1992). Heap et al. (1994) and de Koter, Heap & Hubeny (1997) have presented spectroscopy of individual members of R136a. A major difference between the distribution of WR stars in these regions is that every WR star in NGC 3603 is located within its core, while many in 30 Doradus are exterior to R136. Of the four phases of massive young regions identified by Walborn (1991), both NGC 3603 and R136 match the ‘Carina Nebula’ (NGC 3372) phase, with ages of around 2–3 Myr, embedded in somewhat older 7–9 Myr star forming complexes (Melnick, Tapia & Terlevich 1989; Walborn & Blades 1997). After the completion of the present work, Massey & Hunter (1998) presented HST Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) spectroscopy of a large sample of luminous stars within R136, revealing an unprecedented number of O3 stars, confirming the young age of the highest mass stars within this cluster.","an ideal subject for studies of very compact star clusters in distant starburst regions. Up until recently, the compactness of the central ionizing cluster, HD 97950, and large interstellar extinction towards NGC 3603 prevented detailed studies of its stellar content. Hofmann, Seggewiss & Weigelt (1995) found that HD 97950 has a mass density of ,10(5) M( pc , making it a factor of 3.","an ideal subject for studies of very compact star clusters in distant starburst regions. Up until recently, the compactness of the central ionizing cluster, HD 97950, and large interstellar extinction towards NGC 3603 prevented detailed studies of its stellar content. Hofmann, Seggewiss & Weigelt (1995) found that HD 97950 has a mass density of ,10(5) M( pc , making it a factor of 3.5 more compact than R136 (HD 38268, Feast, Thackeray & Wesselink 1960), located at the core of 30 Doradus. It is well established that HD 97950 and R136 contain at least one ‘superluminous’ nitrogen sequence (WN-type) Wolf–Rayet star (Walborn 1973; Moffat, Seggewiss & Shara 1985) – indeed they both have WR catalogue numbers – WR43 (van der Hucht et al. 1981) and Brey 82 (Breysacher 1981). Both cores have subsequently been spatially resolved into numerous components. HD 97950 contains three late WN (WNL) stars (HD 97950–A1, B and C) and several early O stars (Drissen et al. 1995, hereafter DMWS), with a similar stellar content for R136a, the brightest component of R136 (Moffat et al. 1985; Campbell et al. 1992). Heap et al. (1994) and de Koter, Heap & Hubeny (1997) have presented spectroscopy of individual members of R136a. A major difference between the distribution of WR stars in these regions is that every WR star in NGC 3603 is located within its core, while many in 30 Doradus are exterior to R136. Of the four phases of massive young regions identified by Walborn (1991), both NGC 3603 and R136 match the ‘Carina Nebula’ (NGC 3372) phase, with ages of around 2–3 Myr, embedded in somewhat older 7–9 Myr star forming complexes (Melnick, Tapia & Terlevich 1989; Walborn & Blades 1997). After the completion of the present work, Massey & Hunter (1998) presented HST Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) spectroscopy of a large sample of luminous stars within R136, revealing an unprecedented number of O3 stars, confirming the young age of the highest mass stars within this cluster. To date, no spectroscopic analysis of the NGC 3603 WN stars has been carried out, while de Koter et al. (1997) have conducted detailed analyses of three WN-like stars in R136 (a1, a3 and a5 – following the nomenclature of Weigelt & Bauer 1985), revealing extremely high stellar luminosities and cosmic hydrogen contents, unprecedented for Wolf–Rayet stars.","To date, the only observations of individual WN members in HD 97950 have been FOS spectroscopy obtained in 1994 September (P. I. Drissen) with the G400H grating (ll3250–4700) and a 0.3 arcsec aperture presented by DMWS, obtained from STScI using the standard pipeline calibrations. Ultraviolet spectroscopy of individual R136a stars were taken with the GHRS in low resolution mode using the G140L grating (ll1150–1750) between 1994 April (a2 and a5, P. I. Heap) and 1994 July (a1 and a3, P. I. Ebbets) using 0.22 arcsec apertures. These data have been presented and discussed by Heap et al. (1994). Because of the compactness of R136a, Heap et al. considered that spectroscopy of R136a5 suffered slight contamination by the light of R136a2, while R136a2 itself was heavily contaminated by R136a1 – de Koter et al. (1997) estimated one third of the light was from R136a1 – since the separation between these components is only ,0.","an ideal subject for studies of very compact star clusters in distant starburst regions. Up until recently, the compactness of the central ionizing cluster, HD 97950, and large interstellar extinction towards NGC 3603 prevented detailed studies of its stellar content. Hofmann, Seggewiss & Weigelt (1995) found that HD 97950 has a mass density of ,10(5) M( pc , making it a factor of 3.5 more compact than R136 (HD 38268, Feast, Thackeray & Wesselink 1960), located at the core of 30 Doradus. It is well established that HD 97950 and R136 contain at least one ‘superluminous’ nitrogen sequence (WN-type) Wolf–Rayet star (Walborn 1973; Moffat, Seggewiss & Shara 1985) – indeed they both have WR catalogue numbers – WR43 (van der Hucht et al. 1981) and Brey 82 (Breysacher 1981). Both cores have subsequently been spatially resolved into numerous components. HD 97950 contains three late WN (WNL) stars (HD 97950–A1, B and C) and several early O stars (Drissen et al. 1995, hereafter DMWS), with a similar stellar content for R136a, the brightest component of R136 (Moffat et al. 1985; Campbell et al. 1992). Heap et al. (1994) and de Koter, Heap & Hubeny (1997) have presented spectroscopy of individual members of R136a. A major difference between the distribution of WR stars in these regions is that every WR star in NGC 3603 is located within its core, while many in 30 Doradus are exterior to R136. Of the four phases of massive young regions identified by Walborn (1991), both NGC 3603 and R136 match the ‘Carina Nebula’ (NGC 3372) phase, with ages of around 2–3 Myr, embedded in somewhat older 7–9 Myr star forming complexes (Melnick, Tapia & Terlevich 1989; Walborn & Blades 1997).","an ideal subject for studies of very compact star clusters in distant starburst regions. Up until recently, the compactness of the central ionizing cluster, HD 97950, and large interstellar extinction towards NGC 3603 prevented detailed studies of its stellar content. Hofmann, Seggewiss & Weigelt (1995) found that HD 97950 has a mass density of ,10(5) M( pc , making it a factor of 3.5 more compact than R136 (HD 38268, Feast, Thackeray & Wesselink 1960), located at the core of 30 Doradus. It is well established that HD 97950 and R136 contain at least one ‘superluminous’ nitrogen sequence (WN-type) Wolf–Rayet star (Walborn 1973; Moffat, Seggewiss & Shara 1985) – indeed they both have WR catalogue numbers – WR43 (van der Hucht et al. 1981) and Brey 82 (Breysacher 1981). Both cores have subsequently been spatially resolved into numerous components. HD 97950 contains three late WN (WNL) stars (HD 97950–A1, B and C) and several early O stars (Drissen et al. 1995, hereafter DMWS), with a similar stellar content for R136a, the brightest component of R136 (Moffat et al. 1985; Campbell et al. 1992). Heap et al. (1994) and de Koter, Heap & Hubeny (1997) have presented spectroscopy of individual members of R136a. A major difference between the distribution of WR stars in these regions is that every WR star in NGC 3603 is located within its core, while many in 30 Doradus are exterior to R136. Of the four phases of massive young regions identified by Walborn (1991), both NGC 3603 and R136 match the ‘Carina Nebula’ (NGC 3372) phase, with ages of around 2–3 Myr, embedded in somewhat older 7–9 Myr star forming complexes (Melnick, Tapia & Terlevich 1989; Walborn & Blades 1997). After the completion of the present work, Massey & Hunter (1998) presented HST Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) spectroscopy of a large sample of luminous stars within R136, revealing an unprecedented number of O3 stars, confirming the young age of the highest mass stars within this cluster. To date, no spectroscopic analysis of the NGC 3603 WN stars has been carried out, while de Koter et al. (1997) have conducted detailed analyses of three WN-like stars in R136 (a1, a3 and a5 – following the nomenclature of Weigelt & Bauer 1985), revealing extremely high stellar luminosities and cosmic hydrogen contents, unprecedented for Wolf–Rayet stars. The only known Galactic WR stars with properties approaching those in R136a are HD 93131 and HD 93162 in the Carina Nebula, recently analysed by Crowther, Hillier & Smith (1995a). Crowther et al. and Langer et al. (1994) suggest that these stars are at an early post-main-sequence phase in their evolution, having directly descended from extremely massive O stars.","To date, the only observations of individual WN members in HD 97950 have been FOS spectroscopy obtained in 1994 September (P. I. Drissen) with the G400H grating (ll3250–4700) and a 0.3 arcsec aperture presented by DMWS, obtained from STScI using the standard pipeline calibrations. Ultraviolet spectroscopy of individual R136a stars were taken with the GHRS in low resolution mode using the G140L grating (ll1150–1750) between 1994 April (a2 and a5, P. I. Heap) and 1994 July (a1 and a3, P. I. Ebbets) using 0.22 arcsec apertures. These data have been presented and discussed by Heap et al. (1994). Because of the compactness of R136a, Heap et al. considered that spectroscopy of R136a5 suffered slight contamination by the light of R136a2, while R136a2 itself was heavily contaminated by R136a1 – de Koter et al. (1997) estimated one third of the light was from R136a1 – since the separation between these components is only ,0.08 arcsec. Optical spectroscopy of several R136a stars was subsequently obtained with the FOS in 1996 January (P. I. Heap) with a 0.26arcsec aperture. Both the G400H and G570H gratings were used for each star, providing complete spectral coverage between ll3250– 6700. As with the UV spectroscopy, R136a2 and R136a1 suffered significant contamination from each other. As for HD 97950, standard pipeline calibrations were utilized for R136a components. Our archive spectroscopy of individual members of HD 97950 and R136a were supplemented by ground- and space-based flux calibrated spectroscopy of the entire clusters. In the ultraviolet, Short-(SWP) and long-wavelength (LWR) large aperture exposures of HD 97950 were obtained with IUE between 1981 May–1984 March. HST/GHRS spectroscopy of R136a (2 arcsec ×2 arcsec aperture) was carried out in 1991 April by Heap, Ebbets & Malumuth (1992), while IUE SWP and LWP small aperture exposures were obtained between 1981 May–1982 March.","To date, the only observations of individual WN members in HD 97950 have been FOS spectroscopy obtained in 1994 September (P. I. Drissen) with the G400H grating (ll3250–4700) and a 0.3 arcsec aperture presented by DMWS, obtained from STScI using the standard pipeline calibrations. Ultraviolet spectroscopy of individual R136a stars were taken with the GHRS in low resolution mode using the G140L grating (ll1150–1750) between 1994 April (a2 and a5, P. I. Heap) and 1994 July (a1 and a3, P. I. Ebbets) using 0.22 arcsec apertures. These data have been presented and discussed by Heap et al. (1994). Because of the compactness of R136a, Heap et al.","an ideal subject for studies of very compact star clusters in distant starburst regions. Up until recently, the compactness of the central ionizing cluster, HD 97950, and large interstellar extinction towards NGC 3603 prevented detailed studies of its stellar content. Hofmann, Seggewiss & Weigelt (1995) found that HD 97950 has a mass density of ,10(5) M( pc , making it a factor of 3.5 more compact than R136 (HD 38268, Feast, Thackeray & Wesselink 1960), located at the core of 30 Doradus. It is well established that HD 97950 and R136 contain at least one ‘superluminous’ nitrogen sequence (WN-type) Wolf–Rayet star (Walborn 1973; Moffat, Seggewiss & Shara 1985) – indeed they both have WR catalogue numbers – WR43 (van der Hucht et al. 1981) and Brey 82 (Breysacher 1981). Both cores have subsequently been spatially resolved into numerous components. HD 97950 contains three late WN (WNL) stars (HD 97950–A1, B and C) and several early O stars (Drissen et al. 1995, hereafter DMWS), with a similar stellar content for R136a, the brightest component of R136 (Moffat et al. 1985; Campbell et al. 1992). Heap et al. (1994) and de Koter, Heap & Hubeny (1997) have presented spectroscopy of individual members of R136a."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["methodology"],null,null,null,["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2239796178,"citingcorpusid":144080067,"citedcorpusid":166424340,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["As with Matsuoka et al. (2003), quality of the game was measured with relevance to the spectators’ favourite team.","Once the spectators enter the grounds, their experience at the game would lead them to build a relationship with the game and/or team resulting in revisiting the game and recommending the game to others (e.g., Matsuoka et al., 2003).","Matsuoka et al. (2003) considered the impact of factors such as game score, performance of the favourite team, quality of the contest, and team identification, on satisfaction – which in turn affected the intention of spectators to attend future games.","Several authors have investigated the roles played by team identification (psychological attachment to a team) and team performance in\nspectator satisfaction (Matsuoka et al., 2003; Wakefield and Sloan, 1995).","Matsuoka et al. (2003) identified that excellence of the contest was one factor influencing future attendance at games.","Madrigal (2003) agrees with Matsuoka et al. (2003) by saying that the greatest entertainment value is derived from watching a close game."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2239796131,"citingcorpusid":144080067,"citedcorpusid":166335743,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A core product of sport is the contest itself (Westerbeek and Shilbury, 2003).","The findings can be seen to provide partial empirical support for the conceptual argument by Westerbeek and Shilbury (2003), who state that the core sport product creates emotional value, which in turn\nTable 2 Structural results for hypothesized model\nHypothesis supported Estimate t-value\nJoy!","Furthermore, Westerbeek and Shilbury (2003) state that religious followers provide ‘stage and scenery’ at a game."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2239796250,"citingcorpusid":144080067,"citedcorpusid":140747900,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["With regards to cricket, Parry and Malcolm (2004) state that whereas cricket in England used to be regarded as a quiet and serene game, the emergence of the Barmy Army (‘a vocal and boisterous group of England cricket supporters’, p.","With regards to cricket, Parry and Malcolm (2004) state that whereas cricket in England used to be regarded as a quiet and serene game, the emergence of the Barmy Army (‘a vocal and boisterous group of England cricket supporters’, p. 75) has been a key element in increasing crowd involvement during…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3445572688,"citingcorpusid":237407528,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the past five years, the state of the art in natural language processing has shifted from representing words as one-hot vectors to an approach that represents words as dense, lowdimensional vectors called word embeddings (Mikolov, Sutskever, et al. 2013; Levy and Goldberg 2014)⁴.","The embeddings can be learned as a hidden layer in a shallow neural net that tries to predict a word based on its neighbors (Mikolov, Sutskever, et al. 2013) or as a matrix factorization on local word cooccurrence (Levy and Goldberg 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1646895267,"citingcorpusid":207758791,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[9], although our framework can be equivalently instantiated for most other popular embedding methods, owing to their core similarities [7, 10].",", they are trained (explicitly or implicitly [7]) to minimize some form of word co-occurrence probabilities."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3235607303,"citingcorpusid":231639280,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["We instead consider, for each embedding dimension d, the optimal low-rank approximation of a transformed co-occurrence matrix similar to that used in Levy and Goldberg (2014) and Qiu et al.","We instead consider, for each embedding dimension d, the optimal low-rank approximation of a transformed co-occurrence matrix similar to that used in Levy and Goldberg (2014) and Qiu et al. (2020). We then show that the entries of the co-occurrence matrix computed using the observed adjacency matrix is uniformly close to the entries of the co-occurrence matrix computed using the true but unknown edge probabilities matrix.","We instead consider, for each embedding dimension d, the optimal low-rank approximation of a transformed co-occurrence matrix similar to that used in Levy and Goldberg (2014) and Qiu et al. (2020).","For example, in the context of word2vec embedding, Levy and Goldberg (2014) showed that minimization of Eq.","For example Levy and Goldberg (2014) showed that node2vec using the skip-gram model with negative sampling is equivalent to factorizing a matrix whose entries are obtained by taking the entrywise logarithm of a co-occurrence matrix, provided that the embedding dimension is sufficiently large, i.e., the embedding dimension d could exceed the number of nodes n. The transformed co-occurrence entries can be interpreted as yielding a point-wise mutual information (PMI) between the nodes. In a related vein, Qiu et al. (2018) also studied DeepWalk and node2vec as specific instances of a matrix factorization problem using a (transformed) co-occurrence matrix. They then derived the limiting form of the entries of this matrix as the length of the random walks goes to infinity. Qiu et al. (2020) strengthened these results by providing finite-sample concentration bounds for the co-occurrence entries as the length of the random walks increases.","Case 1 (d ≥ n): In the context of the word2vec algorithm Levy and Goldberg (2014) showed that there exists an embedding dimension d ≥ n such that the minimizer of Eq.","For example Levy and Goldberg (2014) showed that node2vec using the skip-gram model with negative sampling is equivalent to factorizing a matrix whose entries are obtained by taking the entrywise logarithm of a co-occurrence matrix, provided that the embedding dimension is sufficiently large, i.","For example Levy and Goldberg (2014) showed that node2vec using the skip-gram model with negative sampling is equivalent to factorizing a matrix whose entries are obtained by taking the entrywise logarithm of a co-occurrence matrix, provided that the embedding dimension is sufficiently large, i.e.,…","For example Levy and Goldberg (2014) showed that node2vec using the skip-gram model with negative sampling is equivalent to factorizing a matrix whose entries are obtained by taking the entrywise logarithm of a co-occurrence matrix, provided that the embedding dimension is sufficiently large, i.e., the embedding dimension d could exceed the number of nodes n. The transformed co-occurrence entries can be interpreted as yielding a point-wise mutual information (PMI) between the nodes. In a related vein, Qiu et al. (2018) also studied DeepWalk and node2vec as specific instances of a matrix factorization problem using a (transformed) co-occurrence matrix."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],null,["background"],["background"],null,["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":555020029,"citingcorpusid":55833736,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["2.1 Diffusion of technology 12 2.2 Ecosystem innovation 14 2.3 Multiple Dimensions of Value of Technology 16 2.4 Platforms 18 2.5 Diffusion of VR-technology 18\n2.5.1 VR-technology as an Ecosystem 18 2.5.2 Opportunities and Challenges 19\nExtension Opportunities of the Old Technology 19 Emergence Challenges of the New Technology 19\n2.5.3 Total Value and Price 20 2.6 Summary 20","4 Platforms Magnusson and Nilsson (2014) study technology platforms, which closely resembles the view of technology ecosystems that Adner and Kapoor (2015) take, as well as the view of technology as a network taken by Schilling (2010)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":202399975,"citingcorpusid":2583305,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Due to its simplicity, as well as its efficacy and consequent popularity in various tasks [25, 21, 22], in this paper we will focus on the adaptation of the skip-gram model with negative sampling from [25].","In this paper, we use the standard cosine similarity measure as SF, the standard choice in the embedding induction literature (e.g., [25, 30, 21]): The documents from DC are then ranked in descending order according to their similarity scores with query Q .","The interested reader may found further details about the negative sampling procedure, and the new exact objective function along with its derivation in [21]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":307239323,"citingcorpusid":17339946,"citedcorpusid":13344633,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1538805573,"citingcorpusid":174800545,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Levy and Goldberg (2014) showed that the negative sampling based skip-gram (SGNS) objective function of word2vec is mathematically equivalent to factorizing a positive point-wise mutual information gain (PPMI) matrix shifted by log ( k ) , where k is the number of negative samples.","Levy and Goldberg (2014) showed that the negative sampling based skip-gram (SGNS) objective function of word2vec is mathematically equivalent to factorizing a positive point-wise mutual information gain (PPMI) matrix shifted by log(k), where k is the number of negative samples."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3812801924,"citingcorpusid":216456373,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In the word embedding model, each word is represented by a real vector [20].","In the popular ord2vec [20], a set of ords are specified and each ord is e bedded fro a high-di ensional do ain vector into a lo -di ensional vector space.","In the popular word2vec [20], a set of words are specified and each word is embedded from a high-dimensional domain vector into a low-dimensional vector space."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1645243096,"citingcorpusid":201307511,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[24] later showed that Skip-Gram with negative-sampling performs implicit matrix factorization of a PMI word-context matrix."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3974650722,"citingcorpusid":253399684,"citedcorpusid":40079401,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The method can provide a description of existing knowledge states and new perspectives on characteristics and predict research trends on specific topics (Durieux and Gevenois, 2010; Zupic and Čater, 2015; He et al., 2022; Huang et al., 2022).","The method can provide a description of existing knowledge states and new perspectives on characteristics and predict research trends on specific topics (Durieux and Gevenois, 2010; Zupic and Čater, 2015; He et al., 2022; Huang et al., 2022)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":800231290,"citingcorpusid":59379420,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":317353399,"citingcorpusid":52156929,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ne of popular word embedding methods. Especially, the skip-gram model in word2vec tries to predict surrounding words (i.e., word context) of a given word in the training set. According to Levy et al. [19], skip-gram model with negative sampling (SGNS) is equivalent to implicitly factorize a word-context matrix, whose cells are the Pointwise Mutual Information (PMI) of the respective word and context p","like algorithm for extracting personalized negative instances for each user. Word embeddings: Word embedding models [24, 26] represent each word as a vector of real numbers called word embeddings. In [19], the authors proposed an implicit matrix factorization that was equivalent to word2vec [24]. To extend word2vec, researchers proposed models that mapped paragraphs or documents to vectors [9, 18]. In"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2212555249,"citingcorpusid":220308230,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["SGNS’s objective for a single ( v, c ) observation is then where σ ( x The proof is the same as that in (Section 3.1, [10]).","Moreover, while it is impractical to directly use the dense matrix [10], we would utilize a variant version called Shifted PPMI as S = max(log M − log k, 0) .","Levy and Goldberg [10] prove that SGNS is implicitly factorizing log"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2695102486,"citingcorpusid":154066642,"citedcorpusid":141295414,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3313701067,"citingcorpusid":233366941,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The approach of capturing the meaning of words using vector representations is also called word embedding (Levy and Goldberg, 2014a).","First of all, Mikolov’s et al. (2013) introduced Word2Vec and the concept of word embedding in their paper (Levy and Goldberg, 2014c)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1065472944,"citingcorpusid":125910011,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The equivalence between skip-gram with negative sampling and matrix factorization has been studied in [21, 22]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":76831999,"citingcorpusid":52012521,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…various methods on word embedding, which mainly include two broad categories: neural network based methods (Bengio et al., 2003; Collobert et al., 2011; Mikolov et al., 2013) and co-occurrence matrix based methods (Turney and Pantel, 2010; Levy and Goldberg, 2014b; Pennington et al., 2014).","Levy and Goldberg (2014a) have incorporated the syntactic context from the dependency parse-trees and found that the trained word embedding could capture more functional and less topical similarity.","Co-occurrence matrix based methods learn word embedding based on the co-occurrence matrices, which include LSA (Deerwester, 1990), Implicit Matrix Factorization (Levy and Goldberg, 2014b), and GloVe (Pennington et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1082152109,"citingcorpusid":118716003,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Standard word representation models are based on the distributional hypothesis (Harris, 1954) and induce representations from large unlabeled corpora using word co-occurrence statistics (Mikolov et al., 2013; Pennington et al., 2014; Levy and Goldberg, 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1974120410,"citingcorpusid":218644990,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["At the present stage it is possible to trace 5 approaches to the solution of problems of ordering of the Ukrainian scientific and technical terminology [2-11, 17, 19-20, 27].","Even the existence of many terminological dictionaries is now known only to a narrow circle of specialists [2, 5-11, 17-20]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":413649934,"citingcorpusid":9120907,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["in [16]; the authors show that the objective of the embedding method is closely related to the decomposition of the matrix containing as entries the Shifted Positive PMI of the locally co-occurring items (words), where PMI is the Point-Wise Mutual Infor-"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1552623993,"citingcorpusid":199512352,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2013b) to generate training pairs, which captures the word–word co-occurrence information (Levy and Goldberg 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3194665798,"citingcorpusid":227496985,"citedcorpusid":62195625,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Art therapists have utilized computer technology in their clinical practices, including video editing and design programs such as Adobe Photoshop, Flying Colors, Paintbrush, Metacreations, and People Putty (McLeod, 1999; Thong, 2007).","In line with the increased interest in incorporating technology into mental healthcare research, art therapists have also integrated digital media in their work (McLeod, 1999; Thong, 2007; Chilton et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":574732413,"citingcorpusid":54797010,"citedcorpusid":129375570,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["They commonly contain a small percentage (<5%) of clinopyroxene, either as unmelted relics from the mantle of origin or as secondary melt impregnations, commonly in association with plagioclase (Cannat, 1996).","%) of clinopyroxene, either as unmelted relics from the mantle of origin or as secondary melt impregnations, commonly in association with plagioclase (Cannat, 1996)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":48517930,"citingcorpusid":2232639,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There are many variants, adaptations, and extensions of word embeddings (Mikolov et al., 2013a,b; Mnih and Kavukcuoglu, 2013; Levy and Goldberg, 2014; Pennington et al., 2014; Vilnis and McCallum, 2015), but each reflects the same main ideas."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1814379795,"citingcorpusid":188245927,"citedcorpusid":135511701,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(contraction and epithelialization) compared to spontaneous healing in untreated wounds or control group [24] and played a considerable role in epidermal cells proliferation and migration [25]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1295652218,"citingcorpusid":188245927,"citedcorpusid":22449594,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["approval: USM / Animal Ethics Approval /2011/(71)(341)] using standard 6mm diameter biopsy punch and 20μl of 1μg/mg [13] of the extracted sulfated GAGs concentration was topically applied for 12 days daily to the wound for the treatment group while the phosphate buffer solution (PBS) will be topically applied on the wound for the control group."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":878875076,"citingcorpusid":12978722,"citedcorpusid":199508,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, two studies on the benefit of massage for hand arthritis(28) and carpal tunnel(29) have incorporated the use of self-massage in the studies."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1718701452,"citingcorpusid":208882865,"citedcorpusid":1190093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This opportunity is interesting for algorithms that do not use artificial neural networks to generate word vectors, such as using Pointwise Mutual Information Matrix (PMI) [3].","This mapping can be generated with the following methods: probabilistic models; dimensionality reduction on the word co-occurrence matrix [3]; neural networks; and explicit representation in terms of the context in which words appear."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2203331518,"citingcorpusid":54797010,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Relating a large development of dunites and wehrlites to a high degree of melting and, thus, to a fast spreading rate, Jousselin and Nicolas (2000b) have interpreted the greater thickness of dunites in BOI compared to Oman to be a consequence of the lithosphere-asthenosphere limit being steeper in…","The Mansah area in the Semail massif where an off-axis diapir has been mapped (Jousselin and Nicolas, 2000a) displays similar features."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1646622732,"citingcorpusid":10071598,"citedcorpusid":38592179,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is because oocyte and preimplantation embryos up to the blastocyst stage are deficient in producing cholesterol and/or other sterols, and require the surrounding cumulus cells to synthesize and provide cholesterol to them in order to support preimplantation development (Comiskey and Warner, 2007; Pratt 1982; Su et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3580259543,"citingcorpusid":103223649,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2010), polymer solutions (Louli and Tassios, 2000; Kang et al., 2002), and mixtures containing polar, nonpolar, asymmetric, and supercritical components (Valderrama, 2003; Lopez-Echeverry et al.","…the vapor– liquid equilibria (VLE) of reservoir fluids (Firoozabadi et al., 1978; Danesh et al., 1995; Jaubert et al., 2010), polymer solutions (Louli and Tassios, 2000; Kang et al., 2002), and mixtures containing polar, nonpolar, asymmetric, and supercritical components (Valderrama, 2003;…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1213445560,"citingcorpusid":196405334,"citedcorpusid":23356093,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["No obstante, Gibson et al.(9) no encontraron asociación entre la ingesta de azúcares y el estatus de hierro de poblaciones adultas mayores, ni en los niveles de ferritina sérica en hombres y mujeres.","No obstante, Gibson et al.9 no encontraron asociación entre la ingesta de azúcares y el estatus de hierro de poblaciones adultas mayores, ni en los niveles de ferritina sérica en hombres y mujeres."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2591372384,"citingcorpusid":117500651,"citedcorpusid":6429791,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although space limitation prevents a detailed discussion of how the other parameters were determined, we note that most were estimated from experimental observations reported in the literature (pa, pb, and r from [12]; d1 and d2 from [13]; kdeg from [14]; kcat1, Km1, kcat2, and Km2"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2196973646,"citingcorpusid":51629994,"citedcorpusid":41781704,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2 belongs\n(A) Wild-type flower morphology around anthesis is similar to that described previously (Brukhin et al., 2003).","(A) Wild-type flower morphology around anthesis is similar to that described previously (Brukhin et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["result"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2084884014,"citingcorpusid":44396830,"citedcorpusid":24965006,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Another in vitro analysis showed that ceftobiprole had MIC 50 and MIC 90 values of 1 and 2 mg/L, respectively, against both community- and hospital-associated strains of MRSA and was bactericidal at all concentrations tested.(56) In a randomized clinical trial evaluating ceftobiprole versus ceftriaxone with or without linezolid in patients hospitalized with CAP, the clinical cure rate was 87% for ceftobiprole compared with 88% for the comparator arm in the clinically evaluable population;(57) only 1 subject in the ceftobiprole treatment group had MRSA and was cured."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":795659448,"citingcorpusid":15456120,"citedcorpusid":5306755,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Screen for potential transcription factors regulating tropane biosynthesis in A. acutangulus roots\nTranscription factors of WRKY, AP2/ERF, JAZ, MYB and bHLH families have been found to play an important role in secondary metabolism pathways (Lv et al. 2014).","Transcription factors of WRKY, AP2/ERF, JAZ, MYB and bHLH families have been found to play an important role in secondary metabolism pathways (Lv et al. 2014).","Several TFs such as WRKY, AP2/ERF, JAZ, MYB and bHLH families have been identified as potential regulatory factors in biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites (Lv et al. 2014), but none was identified to play a role in regulating TAs biosynthesis.","In addition, MYB TFs regulated processes of flavonoids and terpenoids production in many model plants including Petunia hybrida, Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays (Albert et al. 2014; Lv et al. 2014).","WRKY TFs are key regulators in processes responding to biotic and abiotic stress, and are identified having important roles in secondary metabolism in some medicinal plants (Albert et al. 2014; Borevitz et al. 2000; Hichri et al. 2011; Lv et al. 2014; Ma et al. 2009; Suttipanta et al. 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3639531263,"citingcorpusid":245654684,"citedcorpusid":123650394,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is important to consider that path model analysis being a SEM subset, only comprises directly observable variables.","Additionally, another possible limitation is the diminished informative value of the RMSEA fit index, as it is based on non-centrality parameters and closely linked to the relation of degrees of freedom in a structural equation model (SEM) [66].","Nonetheless, the multivariate statistical modeling conducted by SEM-syntax is regarded as state-of-the-art [38, 69]."],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1992276950,"citingcorpusid":215773825,"citedcorpusid":54624539,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["2 translocation RCC.","All patients underwent local surgery for BM arising from RCC.","To our knowledge, the current study is the largest single-center study published to date that specifically focused on local surgery for BM in patients with RCC.(8) On univariate analyses, we found that sex, the number of metastatic sites, and MSKCC and IMDC criteria could be used to identify patients with BM arising from RCC for whom local surgery of BM would be feasible and a predictor of prognosis.","To our knowledge, the current study is the largest single-center study published to date that specifically focused on local surgery for BM in patients with RCC.8 On univariate analyses, we found that sex, the number of metastatic sites, and MSKCC and IMDC criteria could be used to identify patients with BM arising from RCC for whom local surgery of BM would be feasible and a predictor of prognosis.","Although to the best of our knowledge radical metastasectomy is the only potentially curative approach5 and local surgery significantly improves the quality of life (ie, decreases the incidence of SREs and relieves symptoms4), the decision to perform surgery for BM depends on a variety of patient-related features.6 In the current study, we performed what to the best of our knowledge is the first investigation of clinical outcomes in a large cohort of Chinese patients who had undergone local surgery for BM arising from RCC.","Univariate analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the associations between the clinicopathologic parameters and mortality rates of patients with BM arising from RCC. OS rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, whereas differences in survival were assessed using the logrank test."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1624485341,"citingcorpusid":153312612,"citedcorpusid":153518795,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["een agreatdevelopmentofnonlocaldiffusion problems, mainly due to some interesting new applications to different fields of the natural sciences such as some physical models [7, 9, 10, 14, 18, 22], finance [1, 15, 21], fluid dynamics [6], ecology [12, 17, 20] and image processing [11]. Among these models for nonlocal diffusion, probably the most important one is given by the fractional laplacian (−∆)s, (0 &lt;s&lt;1"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2911685590,"citingcorpusid":221914201,"citedcorpusid":60013279,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In Mathematics, it could be useful to ask the students to explicitly write formulas, equations, sets, or other mathematical entities, which forms the solution or the intermediate steps of the solution of a given problem, rather than ask them to choose between a few choices in a multiple choice setting, which is not always appropriate [16, 17]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2301172642,"citingcorpusid":14495373,"citedcorpusid":8403856,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However, Monchaux et al. (2010) measure the density PDF in laboratory experiments of water droplets in wind tunnel turbulence,19 with St ∼ 0.2–6 and Re ∼ 300–1000 (Taylor Reλ = 70–120).","For each PDF in Monchaux et al. (2010), we record the variance in linear ρp (Sρ) and logarithmic ln ρp (Sln ρp ).","Density PDF in laboratory experiments of water droplets in wind tunnel turbulence (Monchaux et al. 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],null]}
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{"citationid":3867700486,"citingcorpusid":85236906,"citedcorpusid":87269807,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Patton (1933) reported that a basal grapelike sensorium in the third antenna1 segment, opening by a duct into the socket, was an important generic character of Musca.","An illustrated description of the male genitalia was given by Patton (1933).","The identification and distribution of the species Musca were satisfactorily dealt with in papers by Patton (1933, 1936, 1937) and van Emden (1939).","XCII THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 361\nWest (1951) and Patton (1933) reported that the typical subspecies was found from Shantung and Kashmir to Palestine, North Africa, and Europe.","Malloch (1925, 1929) and Townsend (1915, 192 1) made use chiefly of the chaetotaxy, whereas, Patton (1932, 1933, 1933b, 1936, 1937) stressed the structure of the genitalia as well as various biological differences.","The larvae of M. autumnalis develop in isolated patches of dung dropped in the field (Hammer, 1942; Patton, 1933)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3114801913,"citingcorpusid":163714373,"citedcorpusid":161110334,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many discussions of what the New Archaeology was all about have appeared (e.g., Johnson 1999:12-97; Trigger 1989:289-328; Willey and Sabloff 1993:214-57), and there has certainly been a sustained and even vituperative critique of such aspects of it as its scientism or its use of systems theory.","…being the title of one edited volume (Redman, Berman, et al. 1978), the term \"social archaeology\" does not appear regularly in theory texts (e.g., Johnson 1999; Preucel and Hodder 1996; Trigger 1989; Willey and Sabloff 1993), and archaeologists are more likely these days to self-identify as…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":564105403,"citingcorpusid":54986302,"citedcorpusid":20625723,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Note that (Zhang et al. 2017a) and (Gastaldi 2017) applied complicated data augmentation approaches to achieve high accuracy, but we found a different way, which is to improve the optimization algorithm.","…ways of supervision (Szegedy et al. 2016)(Pereyra et al. 2017), us-ing multiple teachers to provide a better guidance (Tarvainen and Valpola 2017), adding supervision in intermediate neural responses (Yim et al. 2017), and allowing two networks to help optimize each other (Zhang et al. 2017c)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3691073899,"citingcorpusid":171247514,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["283 Lamoureux/Aujoulat; Pfligersdorffer 1976, 141. 40 Cf. Boethius, Cons. 2.4.22-3: Quid igitur o mortales extra petitis intra vos positam felicitatem? ...Estne aliquid tibi te ipso pretiosius?” On the importance of self-knowledge, cf. Theiler 1966 217f.; P. Hadot 1968, I, p. 91 n. 1; Simplicius, In EE, 30, p. 302, 32ff. ed. I. Hadot (1996): τὸ Γνῶθι σαυτὸν τοῦ θεοῦ παράγγελμα.","39 Cf. Theiler 1966, 289ff., citing especially Synesius, De insomniis 8, 3, vol 1, p. 283 Lamoureux/Aujoulat; Pfligersdorffer 1976, 141."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":2717175720,"citingcorpusid":2005205,"citedcorpusid":7298490,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["According to a previously described technique (Momen et al. 2003, 2004), to obtain the highest quality Doppler tracings were obtained by the experimenter determining the optimal positions of the Doppler probe (via an anterior abdominal approach) for each subject during the preliminary trial.","Journal compilation C© 2006 The Physiological Society\nstudies (Momen et al. 2003, 2004), and is expressed here in arbitrary units (a.u)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2522710081,"citingcorpusid":11340896,"citedcorpusid":40555932,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The phenotype of PWS is evident early on and may begin in utero (18)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":103953712,"citingcorpusid":29775568,"citedcorpusid":12780604,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In this set of experiments, we compare our proposal to GrabCut in one cut [17], a recent improvement on the well-known GrabCut [14] foreground extraction algorithm,","One Cut vs. our method.","As hinted by the quantitative results, One Cut includes larger parts of external objects, mainly due to the lack of prior shape information.","A visual comparison with One Cut is shown in Fig.","This occurs on most of the images in the database, explaining the significantly lower performance of One Cut in Table 2 and in Table 3.","To outline the object for One Cut we use the external envelope of the relevant parts (the ones that contain parts of the object) identified by the person detector.","Comparisons with GrabCut in One Cut and with Paper Doll show that the proposed approach is promising and performs favorably compared to generic or more dedicated object extractors.","Our method compares favorably with the well-known Paper Doll [19] clothing parsing and with the recent GrabCut on One Cut [17] generic foreground extraction method.","GrabCut in One Cut was shown in [17] to have higher effectiveness, is less resource demanding and has an open implementation."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null,null,["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3326529956,"citingcorpusid":233810332,"citedcorpusid":12780604,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, this loss of the original colour information can confuse the difference between the foreground and background in some scenarios, since only 256 bins of the histogram are exploited [32]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1124602530,"citingcorpusid":146270905,"citedcorpusid":11795482,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The elements of authentic context and task, and of reflection were the most commonly used, with articulation being the least evident, confirming findings from previous studies (Amory, 2014)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":1639023380,"citingcorpusid":57757264,"citedcorpusid":15682445,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Displayed algebras are given by the unary logical predicate interpretation [Atkey et al. 2014; Bernardy et al. 2012].","The usage of t C id corresponds to the identity extension lemma [Atkey et al. 2014]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":428912541,"citingcorpusid":3642252,"citedcorpusid":15682445,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["a 1 and2 above,ratherthanrequirethe user to augmentthe meta-theory with ad hoc axioms to make the shoe fit. The second possibility is to use the syntactic analogue of strictification, pursued in, e.g., [1]. The idea is that instead of interpreting a closed type as a set A (on the object level), we interpret it as a set A endowed with a relation RA that is isomorphic, but not necessarily identical, to t"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1592210853,"citingcorpusid":60124653,"citedcorpusid":145129307,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The numerous utterances collected in the course of this study corroborate and are consistent with Lave and Wenger's (1991) and other Sociocultural Activity theorists' views of learning, in which they maintain that learning involves the reconfiguration, or transformation of preexisting knowledge structures through engaging in activity, or participating in the community of practice, which includes the reproduction of appropriate standards of discourse."],"intents":[["result"]]}
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{"citationid":872852780,"citingcorpusid":30532691,"citedcorpusid":31311387,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.\nshares intestinal absorption sites with calcium and iron, because of the apparent changes in lead absorption when dietary calcium (Six and Goyer, 1970; Meredith et al., 1977) and iron (Six and Goyer, 1972) are manipulated."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1227647311,"citingcorpusid":129160058,"citedcorpusid":134658042,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Category 3 comprises Swedish samples collected and processed during 1983 or later, a sufficiently reliable buffering technique having been developed in Lund (Jeppsson et al., 1985, 1999).","The conodont elements illustrated here are kept in the Type Collection at the Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.","5) taken within the same stratigraphic interval, where the yield from the ‘‘Sylten’’ series, processed in Uppsala in the early 1980s, was low but consistent for the M and S elements of L. variabilis, while the Vg98-series, processed in Lund in 1998, using a finer sieve, yielded a consistently higher number of these elements."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,null]}
{"citationid":2283718026,"citingcorpusid":43878895,"citedcorpusid":24024402,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["BD is commonly complicated by high rates of other comorbid psychiatric disorders, with as many as 92% of BD patients having at least one other lifetime axis I disorder (Merikangas et al., 2007).","BD patients have particularly high rates of lifetime anxiety disorders (as high as 75%), which have been associated with a more severe illness course (Ketter et al., 2013; Merikangas et al., 2007; Simon et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2335788647,"citingcorpusid":109072468,"citedcorpusid":18005844,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…model allows incorporations of three-dimensional geometry and mechanical contributions from each component into the model (Martins et al 1998, 2006, Zhu et al 1998, Gielen et al 2000, Johansson et al 2000, Yucesoy et al 2002, Oomens et al 2003, Blemker et al 2005, Fernandez et al 2005, Röhrle and…"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1073623520,"citingcorpusid":119136729,"citedcorpusid":3637693,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The cabling conjecture was solved on satellite knots([172]), strongly invertible knots ([42]), alternating knots ([120]), symmetric knots ([82]), knots with bridge decomposing sphere of Hempel distance greater than or equal to 3 ([16])."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2853007173,"citingcorpusid":33768701,"citedcorpusid":31808880,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["gested as a cause of toxemia by Golovachev (1970), Kalmus (1946), Krauss & Zimmerman (1970) and Stevenson et al.","gested as a cause of toxemia by Golovachev (1970), Kalmus (1946), Krauss & Zimmerman (1970) and Stevenson et al. (1971). Our results do not contradict the previous findings of genetic factors in toxemia, although we could only demonstrate a significant sister correlation for cases with pro-"],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":3807063547,"citingcorpusid":250024047,"citedcorpusid":31450773,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Second, it has been shown that at resting myoplasmic Ca21, the SR of slow-twitch fibers is saturated with Ca21, whereas the SR of fast-twitch fibers is only one-third saturated (22).","This is likely to reflect the difference between the capacity and saturability of the SR in the two muscles (22)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1055415456,"citingcorpusid":97788408,"citedcorpusid":16732343,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The former will be ameliorated by improving the correlations thanks to the use of multivariate regression techniques (Ben-Dor et al., 2008; Gomez et al., 2008; Stevens et al., 2010).","…with uncertainties ranging from R2 = 0.53 to 0.75 depending on the study areas and their properties (Selige\n© 2012 The Authors 110 Journal compilation © 2012 British Society of Soil Science\net al., 2006; Gomez et al., 2008; Lagacherie et al., 2008; Stevens et al., 2010; Schwanghart & Jarmer, 2011)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":803731777,"citingcorpusid":54747939,"citedcorpusid":9713100,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Balasubashini et al. (2004) observed that the administration of a ferulic acid supplementation to diabetic rats for 45 days resulted in a decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; results were more\npronounced when ferulic acid alone was employed."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1620586067,"citingcorpusid":204757788,"citedcorpusid":6681077,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To summarize, populations at the species’ range limits are expected to be more susceptible to environmental variation, fluctuation, and change due to lower abundance, population performance and genetic variation, a pattern formalized as the ‘‘center–periphery’’ hypothesis (Lawton 1993).","One possible explanation could be that populations at the range margin, according to the central– marginal model, are expected to show lower values in vital rates, higher variability in abundance or higher vulnerability to stochastic events (Lawton 1993; Vucetich and Waite 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":815409686,"citingcorpusid":8558606,"citedcorpusid":43555892,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["H-reflex potentiation with voluntary contraction would be caused by an increase of αMN excitability or a decrease of PSI (Hultborn et al. 1987; Lundbye-Jensen and Nielsen 2008; Schieppati 1987) and several authors have already demonstrated a concomitant increase of H-reflex with sEMG activity (Capaday and Stein 1986; Larsen and Voigt 2004, 2006) or contraction level (expressed in percentage of MVC) (Burke et al. 1989; Grospretre and Martin 2012; Loscher et al. 1996).","Keywords Electrical stimulation · Quadriceps femoris · Spinal excitability · Electromyography\nAbbreviations αMN α Motoneurons ANOVA Analysis of variance sEMG Surface electromyography MVC Maximal voluntary contraction PSI Pre-synaptic inhibition VL Vastus lateralis VM Vastus medialis RF Rectus femoris","During stretching, the muscle spindles would be more activated and the PSI potentiated, inducing spinal excitability disturbances (Duclay and Martin 2005; Garland et al. 1994; Rudomin and Schmidt 1999).","Muscle activation potentiates the H-reflex (Place et al. 2009; Schieppati 1987) but would also favor a constant spinal transmission, explaining the lower within-subject variation relative to the passive condition.","H-reflex potentiation with voluntary contraction would be caused by an increase of αMN excitability or a decrease of PSI (Hultborn et al. 1987; Lundbye-Jensen and Nielsen 2008; Schieppati 1987) and several authors have already demonstrated a concomitant increase of H-reflex with sEMG activity (Capaday and Stein 1986; Larsen and Voigt 2004, 2006) or contraction level (expressed in percentage of MVC) (Burke et al.","…voluntary contraction would be caused by an increase of αMN excitability or a decrease of PSI (Hultborn et al. 1987; Lundbye-Jensen and Nielsen 2008; Schieppati 1987) and several authors have already demonstrated a concomitant increase of H-reflex with sEMG activity (Capaday and Stein 1986; Larsen…","Indeed, several pre- and post-synaptic influences have been documented, especially the pre-synaptic inhibition (PSI), and should be taken into account for the H-reflex evaluation [for review see Schieppati (1987); Stein (1995)].","Further, it is now well established that the H-reflex is potentiated with muscle activation, partly due to an increased motoneuronal excitability (Burke et al. 1989; Schieppati 1987)."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":611255305,"citingcorpusid":56477889,"citedcorpusid":33873288,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Specifically, two studies reported improvement in the in vitro dissolution profile of furosemide; however, the effect on saturated solubility or permeability was not reported [31,32].","Comparatively, only a few studies have tested the potential of MSNs for improving the physicochemical and biological activity of BCS class IV molecules with both poor solubility and permeability [31, 32]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1959983352,"citingcorpusid":157344033,"citedcorpusid":3949964,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Horner (1997) eschewed Galton’s attribution of leadership to genetics, citing that this view ignored situational and environmental factors that affect the role and effectiveness of leaders. Vroom and Jago (2007) proffered a situational leadership theory based on the weaknesses of trait theory in accounting for contextual and environmental factors.","Galton (2000) pioneered trait leadership theory and the study of leadership as a hereditary attribute.","Similarly, Gikandi and Bloor (2009) found that commercial banks in Kenya focus on the"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3688611470,"citingcorpusid":142557714,"citedcorpusid":3949964,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["giftedness has been proposed as purely innate (Galton, 1869; Terman, 1916).","In the past, the development of giftedness has been proposed as purely innate (Galton, 1869; Terman, 1916).","It should also be noted that hereditary factors may play a role in giftedness, but also that hard work and an individual’s strive to succeed also contribute towards an individual’s achievement (Galton, 1869; Hollingworth, 1926; Renzulli, 1978; Terman, 1925)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1785997695,"citingcorpusid":2493629,"citedcorpusid":3949964,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Using Galton and his views as a starting point I have attempted to describe some of the ways in which psychometric test theory and attitudes towards measurement have tended to develop over the last 100 years. From the outset, with the work of Spearman and others, one of the principal concerns of psychometrics was to be ‘scientific’. It sought to do this by developing data collection methods, elaborating its mathematical models and, perhaps most importantly, attempting to devise claims or theories that could be ‘falsified’. Thus, Horn and McArdle (2004) argue that Spearman’s theory was scientific because it was falsifiable in the sense that it would be possible in principle to find data that did not conform to a single ‘g’ factor.","…with the way it described stature distributions (in France, Scotland and England) that he insisted it had to describe mental measurements also (Galton 1869, 32–3):\nNow, if this be the case with stature, then it will be true as regards every other physical feature —as circumference of head,…","A few years before Galton’s death, Charles Spearman (1904) published his landmark paper that introduced the factor analysis model."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3216613718,"citingcorpusid":229832519,"citedcorpusid":3949964,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Eugenics is a term that was coined by Francis Galton (1869), cousin of Charles Darwin,\nin his book Hereditary Genius.","He concluded first that intelligence is in fact hereditary and second that it would be in the human race’s best interest to enact social and political norms that would increase the reproduction of families and races that proved to be more intelligent and decrease the reproduction of families and races that proved to be less intelligent (Galton, 1869).","In 1851, San Francisco opened the state’s first free public school which was then quickly followed by seven more schools no more than a year later (History of Public Education in California, 1961).","• Pepperdine University Doctorate in Organizational Leadership - 2019 • Loyola Marymount University M.A. in Philosophy - 2011 • Franciscan University B.A in Philosophy - 2001","…and second that it would be in the human race’s best interest to enact social and political norms that would increase the reproduction of families and races that proved to be more intelligent and decrease the reproduction of families and races that proved to be less intelligent (Galton, 1869)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":572026217,"citingcorpusid":54990557,"citedcorpusid":3128969,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Basic Model of thin Film Cigs PV Module The double diode model (DEM), also known as the five-parameters model, is a more appropriate model used for a CIGS PV module and is used to describe its current-voltage (I-V) characteristics under light conditions[6].","ANN has also been used to estimate the maximum power generation from a PV module by using the environmental information, such as, irradiance level, temperature and wind velocity [6]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":538249388,"citingcorpusid":24969274,"citedcorpusid":28519460,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Poly(A) tail length was determined as described by Salles & Strickland (1995), with some minor modifications.","No additional carrier RNA was used as recommended by Salles & Strickland (1995).","The PCR Poly(A) test requires the use of primers located close to the 3 0-end (within 400 nucleotides) in order to provide the best PCR product size resolution (Salles & Strickland 1995)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":828963152,"citingcorpusid":22886120,"citedcorpusid":84507877,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["known from the Philippines (see Ng & Chuang 1996; Naruse et al. 2008; Husana et al. 2011): Amarinus wolterecki (Balss, 1934) [Mindanao: Lake Mainit], A.","panglao Naruse, Mendoza & Ng, 2008, in the general form of the carapace, where the rostrum is truncated rather than tapering, the carapace is subpentagonal, and the anterolateral margin of the carapace is slightly convex, and the junction of the anterolateral and posterolateral margins of the carapace (“posterior lateral angle” of Lucas 1980) is angular (see Gordon 1940; Lucas 1980; Ng & Chuang 1996; Naruse et al. 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1605133363,"citingcorpusid":13861097,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Introduction Nuclear Factor-KB (NF-κB) firstly discovered in lymphocytes by Sen and Baltimore in 1986 is a nuclear transcription factor which can combine with sequence-specificity of enhancers of immunoglobulin’s K Light-Chain Gene ([1-2]).","99 Key words: acute coronary syndrome; nuclear factor - κ B; inflammatory responses Introduction Nuclear Factor-KB (NF-κB) firstly discovered in lymphocytes by Sen and Baltimore in 1986 is a nuclear transcription factor which can combine with sequence-specificity of enhancers of immunoglobulin’s K Light-Chain Gene [1-2]."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":831464830,"citingcorpusid":24409744,"citedcorpusid":31067109,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…i.e. an increment of propensity for proliferation, is probably (BaP) was chosen as a model. γ-Radiation has earlier been due to interaction of the unmetabolized hydrocarbons with the used as a reference standard in cancer risk estimation of Ah receptor (Sjögren et al., 1996; Enan et al., 1998).","γ-Radiation has earlier been due to interaction of the unmetabolized hydrocarbons with the used as a reference standard in cancer risk estimation of Ah receptor (Sjögren et al., 1996; Enan et al., 1998)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2662979640,"citingcorpusid":92856861,"citedcorpusid":31067109,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["L’affinité de nombreux HAP pour ce récepteur serait responsable de leur capacité à moduler la croissance cellulaire (Sjogren et al. 1996)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3704312797,"citingcorpusid":247628251,"citedcorpusid":239015814,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[7] shows that audio input is effective for recognizing human emotions through the ablation study.","Where, Gamma is the task weight for each task proposed by deng et al [7].","[7] made it possible to train deeper dark knowledge using the knowledge distillation technique, the ensemble technique, and the generation technique in which a trained student model becomes a teacher model and trains a new student model.","In the first and second competitions, the top-ranked teams all proposed deep learning-based recognition models, and most of top-ranked models that recognize three challenges simultaneously [6], [7], [19]–[23].","data to improve performance [6], [7], [22]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":279712287,"citingcorpusid":26339812,"citedcorpusid":43367475,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A thorough description or comparison of existing rumen and environmental models is beyond the scope of this review but is available in many recent publications (Fox et al., 2004; Kebreab et al., 2004; Offner and Sauvant, 2004; Dijkstra et al., 2007; Schils et al., 2007; Ellis et al., 2008; Johnson and Baldwin, 2008; Kebreab et al., 2008; Tylutki et al., 2008; Capper et al., 2009).","…the scope of this review but is available in many recent publications (Fox et al., 2004; Kebreab et al., 2004; Offner and Sauvant, 2004; Dijkstra et al., 2007; Schils et al., 2007; Ellis et al., 2008; Johnson and Baldwin, 2008; Kebreab et al., 2008; Tylutki et al., 2008; Capper et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1635213292,"citingcorpusid":207625240,"citedcorpusid":5250206,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":85843490,"citingcorpusid":14971775,"citedcorpusid":5930969,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The experimental strategy of manipulating early dietary exposure has provided many insights into both peripheral (Hill and Przekop, 1988; Krimm and Hill, 1999; Shuler et al., 2004) and central (Lasiter, 1995; Lasiter and Kachele, 1990) gustatory development."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3905716939,"citingcorpusid":206098570,"citedcorpusid":18813536,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":729910706,"citingcorpusid":15683747,"citedcorpusid":60652477,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Gerris uses the fully-threaded tree structure [9] as an optimization, and the curl adaptivity function once per timestep to generate the proper hierarchy."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2893678193,"citingcorpusid":143374405,"citedcorpusid":22777603,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…display longer reaction times than matched controls in a variety of standardised cognitive tests (Alanoglu et al., 2005; Antepohl et al., 2003; Biessels et al., 2007; Calandre et al., 2002; Harman and Ruyak, 2005; Sjøgren et al., 2005; Miró et al., 2011; Jongsma et al., 2011), in particular…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1485843885,"citingcorpusid":134741726,"citedcorpusid":64385908,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[", 2007) and <2 m for TanDEM‐X‐12m (Wessel, 2013).","X‐12m (Wessel, 2013).","X‐12m (Wessel, 2013) and >10 m for SRTM‐30m (Farr et al., 2007).","However, the two approaches had relative vertical height errors within the predefined standard specifications of <2 m for TanDEM‐X‐12m (Wessel, 2013) and >10 m for SRTM‐30m (Farr et al."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":447948346,"citingcorpusid":6765762,"citedcorpusid":64385908,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Note here that in the higher latitues one TanDEM-X tile covers up to four 1°x1° geocells [14]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3974807445,"citingcorpusid":253405864,"citedcorpusid":222140893,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It already appeared in the study of discontinuous solutions of dispersive equations [41, 44, 45].","Also, condition (19) is obtained and analyzed in [41, 44, 45]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3708019562,"citingcorpusid":247726725,"citedcorpusid":9493482,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Given the long-term characteristics of climate change and the lag after the implementation of ERPs, research on the impacts of ERPs and climate change on regional water-related services on a long-term scale is necessary [15,16]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1789445415,"citingcorpusid":211009647,"citedcorpusid":9493482,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[", 2006), how conservation payments may affect the spatial structure of broad land-use categories (Lewis and Plantinga, 2007), how urban development will respond to changes in local regulatory policies (Dempsey and Plantinga, 2013; Newburn and Berck, 2006), and how broad land-use changes can affect ecosystem service provision (Lawler et al., 2014).","…also emphasize that a key pathway for climate change to impact wildlife and ecosystem services is through changes in land cover and habitat (Lawler et al., 2014; McGuire et al., 2016; Settele et al., 2015), and so developing an understanding of forest management decisions under both…","We have yet to find such estimates, and so adapting current methods of endogenizing timber prices in land-use models (e.g. Lubowski et al. 2006; Lawler et al. 2014) would require use of aggregated elasticity estimates with the assumption that price elasticity of demand is constant across different tree species.","We have yet to find such estimates, and so adapting current methods of endogenizing timber prices in land-use models (e.g. Lubowski et al. 2006; Lawler et al. 2014) would require use of aggregated elasticity estimates with the assumption that price elasticity of demand is constant across different…","…spatial structure of broad land-use categories (Lewis and Plantinga, 2007), how urban development will respond to changes in local regulatory policies (Dempsey and Plantinga, 2013; Newburn and Berck, 2006), and how broad land-use changes can affect ecosystem service provision (Lawler et al., 2014).","Natural scientists also emphasize that a key pathway for climate change to impact wildlife and ecosystem services is through changes in land cover and habitat (Lawler et al., 2014; McGuire et al., 2016; Settele et al., 2015), and so developing an understanding of forest management decisions under both climate change and climate policy is essential for better understanding the impacts of climate change on ecosystem services."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1800503856,"citingcorpusid":146803395,"citedcorpusid":9493482,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the presence of high collinearity between the IMR and the regressors, however, sole reliance on such a functional form assumption results in unreliable estimates of the outcome equation (Leung and Yu, 1996; Madden, 2008)."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2041445054,"citingcorpusid":198409488,"citedcorpusid":9493482,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["LCC is often characterized by a high diversity across space and time (Lawler et al. 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3877666513,"citingcorpusid":251657963,"citedcorpusid":15809510,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These include the cryogenic treatment (Yorur and Kayahan 2018), extraction treatment (Iida et al. 2002), microwave treatment (Listyanto et al. 2013; Xu et al. 2015; Poonia et al. 2016; Terziev et al. 2020), pre-compression (Chech 1971; Watanabe et al. 1998; Kortsalioudakis et al. 2015),…"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1169391668,"citingcorpusid":166743870,"citedcorpusid":155059811,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Furthermore, in 2002 a trend of continuous energy efficiency improvements was reversed and China’s energy intensity actually increased on average five percent per year during 2002-2005 (Price et al., 2011)1, and now considerably exceeds the global average.","By 2010, reported outcomes show that the Top1000 program met its national target of saving 100 Mtce energy (or 2.93 EJ) (Price et al., 2011).","Furthermore, in 2002 a trend of continuous energy efficiency improvements was reversed and China’s energy intensity actually increased on average five percent per year during 2002-2005 (Price et al., 2011)(1), and now considerably exceeds the global average.","Turning to the analysis of energy efficiency in China, several China-specific studies on barriers to energy efficiency and decision-making behavior in industry provide additional insights (AndrewsSpeed, 2009; Zhou et al., 2010; Price et al., 2011).","Previous studies\n2 For an overview of the national Top-1000 Enterprise Program, see Price et al. (2010) and Price et al. (2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2581132198,"citingcorpusid":25083308,"citedcorpusid":10675349,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2026795943,"citingcorpusid":211386658,"citedcorpusid":153929370,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Depending on the industry’s characteristics, a firm’s capacity to develop and adopt eco-innovations is influenced by different conditions, including environment, market, technology, and policies [4,7,10].","Consistent with the literature [1,10,13], certain key observations can be made about these clusters.","[10] have found that universities and public research institutions are the main contributors to improving firms’ eco-innovation performance."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3556029958,"citingcorpusid":239318776,"citedcorpusid":153929370,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Process innovations are typically divided into clean and end-of-pipe technologies [29]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3858294479,"citingcorpusid":171391161,"citedcorpusid":170311828,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For instance, Sellars (1960; 1963) also denies (1), at least as formulated."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1118590022,"citingcorpusid":141978464,"citedcorpusid":40001514,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Greeno et al. (2000) prospectively examined the relationship between binge eaters and negative mood in a group of overweight women seeking weight-loss treatment.","For example, lower mood was found to be a precursor to binge episodes among treatment-seeking women with BED (Greeno et al., 2000), and a consequence of BE among college students (Wegner, Smyth, Crosby, Wittrock, Wonderlich, & Mitchell, 2002). Results from the present study suggest that low mood (depression) may also predict BE for some college students as well. Additionally, Womble et al. (2001) presented a more complex model of BE including weight cycling, body dissatisfaction, teasing, negative affect, and dietary restraint contributing to BE for both men and women, with some differences."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":820132114,"citingcorpusid":59372446,"citedcorpusid":84485930,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, unlike the findings of other studies (Ball et al., 2001; Kahlon et al., 2011), these differences in plant density, number of seeds and seed weight did not lead to a significant difference in seed yield or TDM per plant nor per unit area of land between the two maturity groups."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":848286412,"citingcorpusid":10465054,"citedcorpusid":7080010,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The transcriptomic data taken from the literature [6,7] were evaluated by using TIGR Mev 4.","During the last decade, investigations of several Plasmodium transcripts [2-5] were followed by comprehensive analyses of transcript levels via pan-genomic micro-array approaches [6,7].","Since a number of reports showed that the transcriptome profiles change [6,7] during the parasite erythrocytic development, it was reasonable to assume that different sets of TAPs were essential to govern the fine tuning of transcriptional regulation during the erythrocytic cycle.","Also, we modelled their transcriptome and proteome expression profiles throughout erythrocytic development and protein-protein interaction network from reports described in the literature [6,7,29-32].","[7] were filtered as follows: for each gene at least one intensity over 10 in the 16 experiments (this was the cutoff used in the original paper) and a probe set with at least five probes (to take into account very small ORFs such as those coding for histones or HGMGB for which only a few probes can be designed).","To this end, we used data generated in two independent high-throughput transcriptome analyses from the De Risi’s and Winzeler’s groups [6,7]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1550251526,"citingcorpusid":133897718,"citedcorpusid":114865140,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Priyanto (2016) menyebutkan bahwa aspek keuntungan usaha atau profit merupakan hal amat utama dalam pembinaan para peternak."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2818920338,"citingcorpusid":17608875,"citedcorpusid":41415984,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This is consistent with studies that found significant correlations among traits within individuals (Whitlock 1993; Møller 1994; Lens and van Dongen 1999), but is inconsistent with other studies that found no such within-individual correlations (Ryan et al. 1995; Brakefield and Breuker 1996).","Notably, the inverse relationship between body length and CFA approached statistical significance (P 5 0.06, Table 4)."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2560253808,"citingcorpusid":31741883,"citedcorpusid":7080010,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…chimera to the novel structures is independent of promoter control and thus expression timing\nEarlier studies have revealed that PFE0055c and PFA0660w have slightly different expression profiles during intra-erythrocytic development (Bozdech et al., 2003; Le Roch et al., 2003; Llinas et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":914528050,"citingcorpusid":8361994,"citedcorpusid":7080010,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This has been used by Le Roch et al. (2003) and Bozdech et al. (2003).","From Le Roch et al. (2003) and Bozdech et al. (2003) respectively, it is\nknown that the 48-h P. falciparum intraerythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC) initiates with merozoite invasion of RBCs and is followed by the formation of the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) during the ring stage.","In addition to the protein–protein interaction data, the transcriptional data from Le Roch et al. (2003) and Bozdech et al. (2003) were integrated to contributing to weighting the interaction reliabilities, depicted by the edges of the interaction graph."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":123200903,"citingcorpusid":27242398,"citedcorpusid":14970887,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Fractal models, and related nonlocal models, have significant implications for transport (Wheatcraft and Tyler, 1998; Benson et al., 2000; Cushman and Ginn, 2000; Neuman and Tartakovsky, 2008), but a full discussion is beyond the scope of this paper."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3556328025,"citingcorpusid":195426914,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.\nmainly attributable to the consequent oxygen and light limitations, and the scale of its impact is closely related to the intensity of the flooding (Ding et al. 2017; Loreti et al. 2016).","Ding et al. (2017) showed that with increased water levels subsequent decreased effectiveness of oxygen, S. triandroides can form aerenchyma, thus increasing their porosity and increasing their ability to absorb oxygen from the water.","mainly attributable to the consequent oxygen and light limitations, and the scale of its impact is closely related to the intensity of the flooding (Ding et al. 2017; Loreti et al. 2016).","…are able to maintain aerobic respiration and growth, due to their aerial organs, that absorb the light required for plant photosynthesis (Striker 2012; Yu et al. 2012; Ye et al. 2018), and aerenchyma that are formed to transmit oxygen for plant respiration (Ding et al. 2017; Loreti et al. 2016).","Flooding is a natural environmental factor that adversely affects plant growth and survival (Pan et al. 2012; Kurzatkowski et al. 2015; Ding et al. 2017).","2018), and aerenchyma that are formed to transmit oxygen for plant respiration (Ding et al. 2017; Loreti et al. 2016).","To test the effects of the water levels on the growth, survival, and concentrations of the soluble sugars and starch, we conducted repeated-measure ANOVAs using water levels as a dependent factor and time as a repeated-measure factor (Ding et al. 2017)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2464154475,"citingcorpusid":84297559,"citedcorpusid":7080010,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The functions of the remaining PMs 6–10 are unknown but the expression of PMs 5, 9 and 10 occurs in the blood stages of the malaria life cycle [9-11].","falciparum [8-10] and are localized in the food vacuole [11]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1004965391,"citingcorpusid":82027943,"citedcorpusid":14851554,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Interestingly, side effects like\n151\nthese have also been reported in human patients treated with MMP2/9 inhibitors, including diarrhea and loss of appetite (Hoekstra et al., 2001; Siller and Broadie, 2012)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":325624647,"citingcorpusid":17492664,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Introduction In the last two decades, photonic crystals (PhCs) [1] have attracted much attention because of their amazing ability to manipulate and control light.","In the standard approach [1], we assume that a real Bloch wave vector (α, β) is given, then solve ω (or ω2) as the eigenvalues from the governing equation (3) defined on the unit cell, subject to quasi-periodic conditions derived from the special form of the solution given in (17).","For band structures, the standard formulation gives rise to an eigenvalue problem on the unit cell, where the eigenvalue is the frequency [1]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3350188254,"citingcorpusid":202267967,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["En este sentido, \"la violación es una forma de liquidar cuentas, de vengarse del rechazo, de compensarlo\" (Kimmel, 2013, p. 26).","Kimmel (2013) sostiene que así es como las mujeres experimentan la masculinidad, pero no se corresponde con la forma en que los hombres viven su masculinidad."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3301122794,"citingcorpusid":232484523,"citedcorpusid":212917463,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Lah et al. (2013), Nadeem et al. (2020), and Ye et al. (2020) stated that social presence can facilitate online interactions and enable social commerce.","…to make inferences before actually experiencing products, the quality of information obtained through live-streaming platforms plays an important role in making offline purchase decisions, especially for experiential products, such as accommodations, entertainment, and services (Ye et al., 2020)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3164831515,"citingcorpusid":220929416,"citedcorpusid":189930600,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[",[1] while investigating the fairness and objectivity of OSCE using a multiple scenario approach (where all students had to manage the same chief complaint at a station but its underlying scenarios being randomly changed during students’ rotation) found that improving rater training is more important to ensure objectivity and fairness of OSCE than providing the same scenario to all students."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":80282016,"citingcorpusid":14808652,"citedcorpusid":14079327,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["That is, lower and upper approximations as a pair of unary operators on the power set of the universe [33,35,36]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":358689249,"citingcorpusid":11824903,"citedcorpusid":27883822,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These cells have a strong intrinsic theta rhythm (Maccaferri and McBain, 1996; Saraga et al., 2003) and fire in synchrony with theta oscillations.","They express Ih (Maccaferri and McBain, 1996; Saraga et al., 2003; Rotstein et al., 2005; Dugladze et al., 2007) and generate theta frequency outputs during field gamma rhythms as well as in theta rhythms (Gillies et al., 2002; Gloveli et al., 2005a,b)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":11324345,"citingcorpusid":5765910,"citedcorpusid":13897293,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Finally, ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat elements are arranged as nucleolar organizer regions that cluster when associated with the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery to form nucleoli, a nuclear body specialized in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, processing and assembly of ribosomes (Kalmárová et al. 2007; Németh and Längst 2011).","…are arranged as nucleolar organizer regions that cluster when associated with the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery to form nucleoli, a nuclear body specialized in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, processing and assembly of ribosomes (Kalmárová et al. 2007; Németh and Längst 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1580740250,"citingcorpusid":202543431,"citedcorpusid":33589611,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In clinical studies, plasma levels of antibiotics show large interindividual variations in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock due to the changes in various pharmacokinetic parameters [111]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1654607871,"citingcorpusid":204903804,"citedcorpusid":108552648,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…as the Zimbabwean context is concerned, apart from the linguistic features of the historical L1 variety spoken by a white minority in Zimbabwe (see Fitzmaurice 2010), there is very scanty information on the variety spoken by black second language users of English in Kortmann and Lunkenheimer’s…","However, as far a s the Zimbabwean context is concerned, apart from the linguistic features of the historical L1 v ariety spoken by a white minority in Zimbabwe (see Fitzmaurice 2010), there is very scanty inform ation on the variety spoken by black second language users of English in Kortmann and Lunkenhei mer’s (2012) enterprise.","SADC then brokered talks that resulted in the formation of a Government of National Unity (GNU) with Mugabe as its President and Tsvang irai as Prime Minister (Fitzmaurice 2010).","SADC then brokered talks that resulted in the formation of a Government of National Unity (GNU) with Mugabe as its President and Tsvangirai as Prime Minister (Fitzmaurice 2010).","Among the studies that focus more on the linguistic features of the English spoken in Zimbabwe are those by Kadenge (2009), Kadenge (2010) and Fit zmaurice (2010.","Fitzmaurice (2010) puts the figure at 25 000."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":59842396,"citingcorpusid":14790675,"citedcorpusid":25844084,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Approximatively 35% of the volume of an adult cardiomyocyte is occupied by mitochondria, interspersed within the cell contractile apparatus [6].","In fact, cardiomyocytes feature a network of dedicated calcium storages, known as sarcoplasmic reticulum, as well as a large number of mitochondria, the organelles responsible for synthesizing ATP molecules from a range of available energy substrates [6]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":351264408,"citingcorpusid":39296818,"citedcorpusid":25550173,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2761439136,"citingcorpusid":21905558,"citedcorpusid":19291300,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ments due to ill health (Poole, 1997) and a large proportion of incapacity benefits are currently being paid for medically unexplained illnesses (Waddell, 2002)."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2779731945,"citingcorpusid":119434481,"citedcorpusid":121811824,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1524921926,"citingcorpusid":135289153,"citedcorpusid":130031348,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For detail description refer to Mathur et al., (2005a, b), (2006), Sahni and Bajpai (1988)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3142902982,"citingcorpusid":225885743,"citedcorpusid":117226462,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A lot of work was devoted to this area: a standardized indicator of fuel production efficiency was determined [1]; based on fuzzy logic, models of energy supply systems with renewable sources are justified [2]; an assessment of the energy efficiency of projects [3 -5] with different climatic conditions and options for the use of renewable energy sources [6, 7].","037 [3] Hilorme T."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":3543315644,"citingcorpusid":239000143,"citedcorpusid":92265629,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As a result, plantation industries—led by oil palm plantation expansion—have been the leading driver of deforestation in Malaysian Borneo\n2\nbetween 1973-2017 (Gaveau et al. 2016, Gaveau et al. 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2124825054,"citingcorpusid":56148681,"citedcorpusid":206523244,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3543315590,"citingcorpusid":239000143,"citedcorpusid":52904694,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While conceptual models of socio-ecological systems are becoming increasingly common (e.g. Lischka et al. 2018), and urban ecology has embraced human demographics and cultural practices in wildlife distribution assessments (e.g. Alberti et al. 2003, Kumar et al. 2019), we assert that it is critical…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3543316119,"citingcorpusid":239000143,"citedcorpusid":89514514,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…hunting practices, armed conflict, recreation, feasts, traditions, and value systems—have been shown to have far-reaching implications for wildlife distributions and conservation efforts (e.g., Heberlein & Ericsson 2006, Wong et al. 2009, Riley 2010, Gaynor et al. 2016, Kurz et al. in review)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3543316148,"citingcorpusid":239000143,"citedcorpusid":98467442,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Layers of conservation values have been linked to wildlife harvest, and hunting can be linked to conservation values and funding mechanisms (Heffelfinger et al. 2013, Delibes-Mateos et al. 2014).","…conservation problems (Harrison et al. 2016, Peres et al. 2016), including local species extinctions (Brashares et al. 2001), it is also increasingly being recognized as an important conduit for environmental value formation and conservation (Heffelfinger et al. 2013, Delibes-Mateos et al. 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3543316103,"citingcorpusid":239000143,"citedcorpusid":153677866,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Bearded pig hunting also carries significant implications for spirituality, recreation, gift-giving, and social practices in many Indigenous Bornean communities (Harrisson 1965, Wadley & Colfer 2004, Janowski 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3954681021,"citingcorpusid":248241863,"citedcorpusid":21478792,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Critically, current evidence suggests that adipose tissue is a major contributor to circulating inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and may underline the association between adiposity and cognitive decline and dementia (34)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1696520934,"citingcorpusid":206192344,"citedcorpusid":44799603,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Indeed, the His275 residue, which was suggested to be the axial ligand of haem in PpsR, is missing (Yin et al., 2012).","sphaeroides was recently shown to bind haem, so its function as a haem-sensor protein is also proposed (Yin et al., 2012).","In addition to light and redox control, PpsR from R. sphaeroides was recently shown to bind haem, so its function as a haem-sensor protein is also proposed (Yin et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3307178639,"citingcorpusid":2352998,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Multinational firms play an important role in this process through the vertical separation of activities, in order to exploit international factor-\n1See Gereffi and Korzeniewicz (1994) and Kenney and Florida (1994) in economic sociology and Dicken et al. (2001) and Yeung (2001) in geography."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1043724756,"citingcorpusid":106728241,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Its application affects several branches of the Law (Lignières 2000).","Other issues regarding the clauses of the PPP contracts are (Trosa 2003, National Treasury 2001, Treasury Taskforce 1997, Lignières 2000, Perrot and Chatelus 2000, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office 2000): • obligations guarantees by the concessionaires vis-à-vis the investors, and their\nconsequences…","For this aim, , the following measures should be taken (Lignières 2000): (a) systematic codification of the legal texts; (b) reduction of bureaucratic formalism; (c) reduction of number of stages and the deadlines; and (d) reduction of threshold value for its application."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3228257512,"citingcorpusid":231573437,"citedcorpusid":88521583,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The second example reworks the example originally reported in [29]:","This property was observed without any proof in [29] for the special case of the Kullback-Leibler divergence between any two univariate location-scale families."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1548051531,"citingcorpusid":158417277,"citedcorpusid":145797754,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several studies investigated the role of sport and physical activity in developing CALD migrants’ cultural hybridity (Burdsey 2006; Fletcher 2012; Fletcher and Walle 2014; Kay 2006; Stride 2014; Thangaraj 2015; Vermeulen and Verweel 2009).","…and limited culturally appropriate facilities, especially gender segregated facilities, were frequently cited as a prominent barriers, particularly for South Asian and Muslim female participants (Benn and Pfister 2013; Cortis 2009; Kay 2006; Ramanathan and Crocker 2009; Stride 2014; Taylor 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1950169397,"citingcorpusid":201406209,"citedcorpusid":145797754,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the stories, students challenged these ideas by imagining that different sports were taught, reflecting that it would be nice if teachers knew more of students’ diverse backgrounds and posing questions during lessons that could disturb taken-for-granted reference frames in the teaching (Stride, 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3367428837,"citingcorpusid":235501409,"citedcorpusid":370165,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Consumers may consider complementary bundles as something that creates synergies due to the simplification of the buying process (Sharpe and Staelin 2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2481856025,"citingcorpusid":20410137,"citedcorpusid":34551199,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["HDL has been known to be formed in the gut and liver and HDL formation in the gut has been suggested to be more influenced by high carbohydrate feeding in women than in men [38].","The greater changes in HDL, and apolipoprotein A-I levels with high carbohydrate intake in women compared with men has been consistently observed in controlled feeding studies and diet counseling studies in free living population [38]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3413287095,"citingcorpusid":140082314,"citedcorpusid":12501802,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["9) [47], n = 6 [49], n = 9 [46]; β-TCP: n = 4.","The computation and use of this metric followed the guidelines suggested by Kirkwood [49] and Limpert et al.","3 A selection of dissolution mechanisms with their corresponding kinetic profiles and effective reaction orders, n [42, 43, 51] for common calcium-based ceramics Dissolution mechanism Kinetic form Effective reaction order Ceramics and References Volume (ion) diffusion J = Adσ n = 1 HA [45]; α-TCP [54] Surface diffusion J = Adσ 2 n = 2 HA [46]; Carbonated HA [48]; β-TCP [51]; α-TCP [54, 55]; CC [40] Spiral dissolution by surface diffusion J = Adσ 1 2 ln(1 − σ) ≈ Adσ 2 n ≈ 2 Fluoro-HA [49]","Chin and Nancollas observed surface controlled dissolution following spiral dislocation (n = 2) in fluoroapatite, as opposed to hydroxyapatite, which showed polynucleation-controlled dissolution (n = 6) [49]."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2090489185,"citingcorpusid":152544215,"citedcorpusid":152636760,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["literatures in sociology, law and political science explore this trend and identify a number of factors that have contributed to it, including the increasing heterogeneity of modern societies, increasing salience of human rights, decreasing support for the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy, the expanding scope of public regulation associated with the welfare state and the self-reinforcing process of institutionalization that is unleashed with the establishment of constitutional courts (see, for instance, Hirschl, 2008, p. 121; Shapiro and Stone, 1994; Tate and Vallinder, 1997; Stone Sweet, 2000; Guarnieri and Pederzoli, 2001; Ferejohn, 2002).","Most scholarly literature on judicialization at the national level has focused on the strengthening of courts’ constitutional review powers (Tate and Vallinder, 1997; Stone, 1992; Volcansek, 1992; Shapiro and Stone, 1994; Stone Sweet, 2000; Ferejohn, 2002; Guarnieri and Pederzoli, 2001; Hirschl, 2004).","…welfare state and the self-reinforcing process of institutionalization that is unleashed with the establishment of constitutional courts (see, for instance, Hirschl, 2008, p. 121; Shapiro and Stone, 1994; Tate and Vallinder, 1997; Stone Sweet, 2000; Guarnieri and Pederzoli, 2001; Ferejohn, 2002).","…scholarly literature on judicialization at the national level has focused on the strengthening of courts’ constitutional review powers (Tate and Vallinder, 1997; Stone, 1992; Volcansek, 1992; Shapiro and Stone, 1994; Stone Sweet, 2000; Ferejohn, 2002; Guarnieri and Pederzoli, 2001; Hirschl, 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":897731831,"citingcorpusid":14441846,"citedcorpusid":11171173,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1846 Blood pressure (BP) lowering therapy is widely performed as part of general acute management in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).(1,2) An acute hypertensive response(3) is common in patients with acute ICH, occurring in ≤75%,(4) and elevated BP is associated with hematoma expansion(5,6) and poor outcome.","Given these circumstances, the optimal BP target in patients with acute ICH has not been fully elucidated.(1,2) Moreover, although elevated BP in the acute phase is a proven predictor of worse clinical outcomes in patients with ICH, the effect of the response to acute BP lowering on the clinical outcomes of patients with ICH has been relatively unclear, because there have been few prospective studies, and antihypertensive regimens (drugs, dosage, and route) and target BPs were not standardized in most such studies."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3691084703,"citingcorpusid":152544215,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Since 2004, as part of the so-called ‘modernization of competition policy’, the EU has encouraged private parties to play a more active role in enforcing competition policy by taking legal action before national courts (Riley, 2003; Wigger and Nölke, 2007; Kelemen, 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":908144171,"citingcorpusid":16020772,"citedcorpusid":45293975,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The efflux of glutamate from brain across the hemato-encephalic barrier is much higher than the influx [1-3], meaning that metabolism of glutamate must play an important role in regulating the brain glutamate levels."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3008621139,"citingcorpusid":91749189,"citedcorpusid":68670921,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1830985397,"citingcorpusid":166889666,"citedcorpusid":140396716,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This may lead to a typical tension of being both “in” and “against” the market (Fridell, 2003; Le Velly, 2004)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4036101430,"citingcorpusid":255715980,"citedcorpusid":24510609,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Table S1: Name of the different cell lines used in this study, the Duke’s stage, the genetic profile and COX-isozyme expression [63,64]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1148053830,"citingcorpusid":155754565,"citedcorpusid":143553403,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However, as there is consensus between advertiser and advertise with regard to the appropriateness of this form for its purpose, the addressee is not alienated (Haarman 1984).","Such consensus between advertiser and advertisee on the prestige of certain varieties protects against the alienation of the receivers of the ad or the undermining of their identity, as discussed by Haarman (1986).","As we have seen, this accent has been identified as a quasi-standard mainstream variety by Hickey (2013). Coupland points out that ‘standard’ ways of speaking have been constructed as ‘inauthentic’ by variationist sociolinguists and cites Labov’s treatment of ‘standard’ speech as ‘a deviation from real, natural, orderly vernaculars.","Haarman (1984) suggests that while, on the face of it, language stereotypes comprised of positive features appear to be harmless, the fact that attitudes which derive from these stereotypes do not allow for the evaluation of","3), stereotypes, even positive ones, are dangerous in that they tend to inhibit our understanding of cultures and societies (Haarman 1984)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":866241700,"citingcorpusid":5929965,"citedcorpusid":121512729,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A similar effect is apparent at stratopause levels, where large-scale planetary waves are observed to penetrate deeply into the tropics at times of equatorial mean westerlies (e.g., Barnett, 1975; Hirota, 1976)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2734341129,"citingcorpusid":14607835,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…the transverse components does not depend on the complex Lorentz rotation z:\nξ(i) ≡ ΨT0 ΨT4 = (Ψ (i) 0 ) 2 = (Ψ (i) 4 ) 2 (18)\nThe invariant scalars ξ(i) are not but the Beetle-Burko radiation scalars which have been proposed in [3] as containing information about the field gravitational radiation.","Nevertheless, it follows from (12) and (17) that the product of the transverse components does not depend on the complex Lorentz rotation z:\nξ(i) ≡ ΨT0 ΨT4 = (Ψ (i) 0 ) 2 = (Ψ (i) 4 ) 2 (18)\nThe invariant scalars ξ(i) are not but the Beetle-Burko radiation scalars which have been proposed in [3] as containing information about the field gravitational radiation.","E-mail: joan.ferrando@uv.es\n2 Departament de Matemàtica Econòmico-Empresarial, Universitat de València, E-46071 València, Spain E-mail: juan.a.saez@uv.es"],"intents":[["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":1899212223,"citingcorpusid":44698475,"citedcorpusid":32838131,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This last item, where patients in a study are thereby motivated to report enhanced well being, can be substantial and has been termed the Hawthorne effect.(12) Therefore, the best way to interpret our results lies in the clear VAS data showing significantly reduced pain for the first 24 postoperative hours in the groups having SNB."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":187053145,"citingcorpusid":30306821,"citedcorpusid":2032745,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Cardiogenesis is a highly complex process involving sequential heart primordia migration, folding, looping, septation and maturation to form the chambered heart (Fishman and Chien, 1997; Glickman and Yelon, 2002).","3 INTRODUCTION Cardiogenesis is a highly complex process involving sequential heart primordia migration, folding, looping, septation and maturation to form the chambered heart (Fishman and Chien, 1997; Glickman and Yelon, 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":248333933,"citingcorpusid":4935429,"citedcorpusid":86270221,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The partially purified compound obtained from PTLC was tested for antibacterial activity against fish pathogenic organisms by MIC method as described earlier[22]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3520530354,"citingcorpusid":198193362,"citedcorpusid":160012336,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Scientific interest in tumour vascularization has recently increased as new targets, including hypoxia signalling [7], have proven to be promising in the therapeutic approach of UM [8]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":562056875,"citingcorpusid":54436205,"citedcorpusid":6230012,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, as is also shown in [2], different types of correlations (features) become more and less predictive of underlying theoretical structures in different stages of practice (novices, intermediate, expert).","From a psychological perspective, it is unsurprising that behaviour continues to change for a long time in ever slower steps [2]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1213173830,"citingcorpusid":129331526,"citedcorpusid":123210035,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Japon et al. (1997) show probably the most comprehensive set of results that shed\nlight on the effects of the pore water on the foundation stiffness for surface foundations."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2802177343,"citingcorpusid":37489150,"citedcorpusid":206054131,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Despite that HRP is assumed to be a predominantly retrograde tracer (transport from axonal terminals to soma) and dextran to be a predominantly anterograde tracer (Köbbert et al., 2000), both tracers revealed very similar staining patterns."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2789060583,"citingcorpusid":63558279,"citedcorpusid":9491597,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In LEM (Learnable Evolution Model [27, 28]) GA produces a solution, which is evaluated and analyzed by ML module, to be consequently evolved by GA.","The hybrid method which uses GA with the addition of machine learning (ML) module was proposed in [28]."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":938040146,"citingcorpusid":26489672,"citedcorpusid":83163221,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Taylor RK, Miller VL, Furlong DB, Mekalanos JJ (1987) Use of phoA gene fusions to identify a pilus colonization factor coordinately regulated with cholera toxin.","For β-galactosidase assays, overnight cultures were diluted 1:100 in LB plus 100 μg/mL ampicillin and 0.1% arabinose, grown at the indicated temperatures to an optical density at 600 nm of 0.3–0.8, permeabilized with chloroform and SDS, and then assayed for enzymatic activity by the method of Miller (30).","8, permeabilized with chloroform and SDS, and then assayed for enzymatic activity by the method of Miller (30).","Miller JH (1992) A Short Course in Bacterial Genetics (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Plainview, NY), 2nd Ed."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":888823030,"citingcorpusid":7515028,"citedcorpusid":1965166,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A possible mechanistic explanation could be that, similar to the situation in bacteria, translating ribosomes protect the mRNA from endoribonucleolytic attack by RNA-degrading enzymes (Braun et al. 1998; Sunohara et al. 2004; Deana and Belasco 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2447625491,"citingcorpusid":40027018,"citedcorpusid":24071257,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This blurring effect may not be as resilient to the proposed chemical shift reduction strategy (HBW-TEIN) and may necessitate the use of spatialspectral pulses (33) or non-Cartesian-based multipoint fat-water separation techniques (e.g., IDEAL (31) or Dixon (34))\nBreathing artifacts and parallel imaging reconstruction artifacts, for example, can cause the signal from fat in regions distant from a vessel (e.g., subcutaneous fat) to alias into a vessel and corrupt the phase.",", IDEAL (31) or Dixon (34)) Breathing artifacts and parallel imaging reconstruction artifacts, for example, can cause the signal from fat in regions distant from a vessel (e."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1887330041,"citingcorpusid":142664997,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["(Moran 1996: 7-8)\nEn unes paraules semblants s’expressa Veny (1996: 10-11), que fa veure el relligament entre disciplines com la toponímia (l’estudi dels topònims), la\ndialectologia (l’estudi de les variants geogràfiques d’una llengua), la geografia i la història.3\nEl valor cultural dels topònims,…","(Moran 1996: 8-9)\n“En algunes àrees, sobretot costaneres, la introducció tardana de noms aliens a la toponímia tradicional ha estat molt important: es tracta principalment de noms d’índole turística que tenen una motivació de tipus comercial, els quals, a més de provocar la pèrdua de topònims que…","…de nous topònims —cal tenir present que hi ha grans àrees despoblades, a diferència d’Europa—, controlada per la Comissió de Toponímia, que depèn de l’Oficina de la Llengua Francesa d’aquest territori francòfon del Canadà, i que ha establerts uns criteris per als nous topònims (Moran 1996: 8-10)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1984596098,"citingcorpusid":129142971,"citedcorpusid":37758404,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["If it can be assumed that the dewpoint temperature homogeneity in the climatic chamber is very good the relative humidity homogeneity can also be calculated from the spatial homogeneity of air temperature inside the climatic chamber [69]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":616739368,"citingcorpusid":59661991,"citedcorpusid":29392586,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["When multiple images have been prepared this way, two of the three coordinates of each image are standardized so that location differences in the third coordinate will reveal differences in shape between the two images (Zelditch et al., 2012).","One way to think of shape is to consider these landmarks as a web or map of an image, providing more information by interpolating “semilandmarks” between the anatomical landmarks (Zelditch et al., 2012).","One of the most basic ways to analyze shape is to use Bookstein shape coordinates which involves first identifying three landmarks on an image then rotating and scaling the triangle so that one landmark falls at (0,0) and another at (1,0) on a Cartesian coordinate grid (Zelditch et al., 2012).","One of the most basic ways to analyze shape is to use Bookstein shape coordinates which\ninvolves first identifying three landmarks on an image then rotating and scaling the triangle so that one landmark falls at (0,0) and another at (1,0) on a Cartesian coordinate grid (Zelditch et al., 2012).","A widely-accepted definition of shape is “all the geometrical information that remains when location, scale and rotational effects are filtered out from an object,” (Kendall, 1977; Zelditch et al., 2012).","Although less intuitive than the Bookstein shape coordinates, a more widely-used method of shape analysis is the Procrustes superimposition method (Zelditch et al., 2012).","Although less intuitive than the Bookstein shape coordinates, a more widely-used method\nof shape analysis is the Procrustes superimposition method (Zelditch et al., 2012).","When there are more than three landmarks, multiple triangles can be analyzed to determine differences in shape (Zelditch et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2441966285,"citingcorpusid":12337618,"citedcorpusid":144822727,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and third-generation Latinos living in the United States are often poorer than for recent or first-generation immigrants, although one might expect later generations to do better than previous ones (García Coll & Marks, 2012; North, 2009; Rodriguez, 2002; Suarez-Orozco & Suarez-Orozco, 1995).","Known as the immigrant paradox, child outcomes for second- and third-generation Latinos living in the United States are often poorer than for recent or first-generation immigrants, although one might expect later generations to do better than previous ones (Garc ıa Coll & Marks, 2012; Rodriguez, 2002; Suarez-Orozco & Suarez-Orozco, 1995).","These findings are consistent with the pattern known as the immigrant paradox, in which first-generation, less acculturated Latinos tend to fare better on a number of social, health, and educational outcomes than second and third generations (Garc ıa Coll & Marks, 2012; Rodriguez, 2002; Suarez-Orozco & Suarez-Orozco, 1995)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":1866627311,"citingcorpusid":90082322,"citedcorpusid":198158792,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, hosts having a broader diet show higher parasite richness than more specialized hosts (Poulin & Morand, 2004; Thieltges et al., 2013).","Furthermore, parasite species richness is often positively correlated with host geographical range in a range of animal hosts, as larger geographical ranges might offer more opportunities for host– parasite associations to become established (Poulin &\nMorand, 2004; Kamiya et al., 2014).","In general, hosts with larger geographical ranges may occupy more habitats, leading to more opportunities for host–parasite associations to become established and thus to higher parasite species richness (Gregory, 1990; Poulin & Morand, 2004; Kamiya et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3703246924,"citingcorpusid":246352602,"citedcorpusid":158224438,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The region in which they mainly reside— Rakhine state—was already seething with tensions with roots that reach back to British colonial rule when imperial labor migration and land regulation policies brought new populations into conflict (Thawnghmung 2016)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3037122475,"citingcorpusid":152968229,"citedcorpusid":153962865,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2261799341,"citingcorpusid":4866691,"citedcorpusid":27669709,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2804653829,"citingcorpusid":7194043,"citedcorpusid":27669709,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recently published observations demonstrate that transgenic overexpression of constitutively activated forms of Akt within the mammary gland inhibit apoptosis during forced involution (Hutchinson et al., 2001; Schwertfeger et al., 2001).","Overexpression of activated Akt within the mammary glands of transgenic mice causes delayed involution (Hutchinson et al., 2001; Schwertfeger et al., 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":121779051,"citingcorpusid":15295484,"citedcorpusid":25857854,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The cheek support is useful and convenient to reduce the effects of upper airway artifacts during the FOT measurements as recommended by the guideline (Oostveen et al. 2003), although it cannot remove the artifacts perfectly (Peslin et al. 1985a; Peslin et al. 1985b).","(Peslin et al. 1985a; Cauberghs and Van De Woestijne 1989; Farre et al. 1999).","†: Significantly different (P < 0.05) between asthma and healthy groups.\nhealthy subjects (Figure 1), consistent with findings in previous reports (Peslin et al. 1985a; Cauberghs and Van De Woestijne 1989).","One important factor that affects the values of the mechanical parameters measured by the FOT is the upper airway artifacts (Cauberghs and Van De Woestijne 1983; Peslin et al. 1985b)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4047690794,"citingcorpusid":253064216,"citedcorpusid":14296483,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Lower NAA and higher Ins were previously reported only in symptomatic HD mouse models with severe progression such as the R6/2 (12 weeks) and the homozygous zQ175(Tg/Tg) (12 months), and in older zQ175 Tg/0 (22 months) (Heikkinen et al., 2012; Peng et al., 2016; Tkác et al., 2007; Yu et al., 2022).","In HD, 1H- MRS analyses have highlighted tNAA, Ins, and tCr as neurochemical markers of neurodegeneration (Heikkinen et al., 2012; Peng et al., 2016; Sturrock et al., 2010, 2015; Tkác et al., 2007).","Finally, although our data did not reveal any sex differences in neurochemicals or synapse density, we cannot exclude a contribution of sex if a higher sample size is studied, considering that sex differences in brain development were found in zQ175 (Peng et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2020).","…key neurochemicals that can be associated with neurodegeneration, such as depletion of the neuronal integrity marker N- acetylaspartate (NAA) or increased levels of the putative gliosis marker myo- inositol (Ins) (Heikkinen et al., 2012; Peng et al., 2016; Sturrock et al., 2015; Tkác et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3787349815,"citingcorpusid":238007543,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Ideally, the Cronbach alpha coefficient of a scale should be above .7 (DeVellis, 2012), this suggests that the degree of internal consistency of the instrument is high (.940).","7 (DeVellis, 2012), this suggests that the degree of internal consistency of the instrument is high (.940). Again, according to Fraenkel and Wallen (2000), a reliability coefficient of 0.","7 (DeVellis, 2012), this suggests that the degree of internal consistency of the instrument is high (."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2637391217,"citingcorpusid":34701257,"citedcorpusid":38639480,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
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{"citationid":3318318013,"citingcorpusid":219002381,"citedcorpusid":92951946,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[23] used kerosene as a collector for the flotation of a KCl from saturated solution in the same, obtaining a recovery of almost 100%."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1820328942,"citingcorpusid":212468546,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["conformation, and has positive effect on the antiaggregatory activity [15]","Presence of arginine at the N-end For intensifying the antiaggregatory activity [15]","Replacement of arginine with amidine- or benzamidine- containing groups With the purpose of improving peptides’ stability to enzymatic decomposition [10,15,16]","multistage research involved computer modeling methods based on calculations of binding substances with GP IIb/IIIa receptors on thrombocytes, automated peptide synthesis, flash- and reversed phase chromatography, NMR spectroscopy (1)H, mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and Born's turbidity method [10, 15-17, 24, 25].","specificity to the GPIIb/IIIa-receptor complex [10,15,16]"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":4048190848,"citingcorpusid":18913484,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
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{"citationid":223966574,"citingcorpusid":16486564,"citedcorpusid":38749059,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Its use has also been proposed recently in the SE discipline [5] as well as the complementary medicine field [13]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":905999528,"citingcorpusid":24878117,"citedcorpusid":8982705,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Although the details of the regulation of CUL4 activity by CAND1 and CSN in plants are not fully understood (Chen et al., 2006), the sequestration of inactive CUL4 by CAND1 after inactivation of CUL4 by CSN was found in other organisms (Bosu and Kipreos, 2008).","…et al., 2002; Wei et al., 1994; Yanagawa et al., 2004); (3) CUL4 is inactivated in darkness, for example through a CAND1/ CSN-related mechanism (Bosu and Kipreos, 2008; Chamovitz et al., 1996; Chen et al., 2006; Wei et al., 1994); (4) COP1 is targeted for degradation by CUL4 (Chamovitz et…","Additional regulation of CUL4 activity was introduced by analogy with the sequestration of cullins by CAND1 protein, which is necessary for the cycling of cullin activity (Bosu and Kipreos, 2008).",", 2006), the sequestration of inactive CUL4 by CAND1 after inactivation of CUL4 by CSN was found in other organisms (Bosu and Kipreos, 2008).",", 2004); (3) CUL4 is inactivated in darkness, for example through a CAND1/ CSN-related mechanism (Bosu and Kipreos, 2008; Chamovitz et al., 1996; Chen et al., 2006; Wei et al., 1994); (4) COP1 is targeted for degradation by CUL4 (Chamovitz et al.","It contains a cullin protein, substrate recognition proteins and RING protein, which binds to an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (Bosu and Kipreos, 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2680046031,"citingcorpusid":34840825,"citedcorpusid":6777883,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The role played by the Rac GTPase in phosphorylation of the MAPKs ERK1/2, p38, and JNK has been investigated in some detail in rac2 / neutrophils (41, 44, 45, 62).","Importantly, whereas both Rac1 and Rac2 have been implicated in regulation of phagocytic cell migration, Rac2 also regulates activation of neutrophil respiratory burst (41, 44, 45, 61, 62), an action which likely results from its capability to coordinate the translocation of the p67-p47 complex to the flovo-cytochrome b558, as well as to regulate electron transfer to oxygen (46–48)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1843347748,"citingcorpusid":213988324,"citedcorpusid":6777883,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Along the same lines, Rac1 was shown to be more important for neutrophil adhesion than Rac2, although both GTPases contribute (Gu et al., 2003), and it is perhaps for this reason that Prex expression was less important for Norbin deficiency-induced neutrophil adhesion.","Rac2-deficient murine neutrophils have reduced exocytosis of azurophil granules (Abdel-Latif et al., 2004; Gu et al., 2003).","activation of appropriate receptors, such as integrins and Fcγ receptors (FcR), signalling pathways are activated which lead to phagocytosis (Gu et al., 2003).","39 polymerisation, L-selectin-dependent rolling and integrin-dependent spreading, and are unable to form stable leading edges and thus exhibit defects in neutrophil migration (Gu et al., 2003; Roberts et al., 1999; Troeger & Williams, 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":867701453,"citingcorpusid":7925315,"citedcorpusid":6777883,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1860921594,"citingcorpusid":214723110,"citedcorpusid":6777883,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These results show that HSCs expressing U2af1(S34F) are defective in repopulating the hematopoietic compartment in a competitive transplant setting.","We examined the abundance and function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitors in mutant and control mice 36 weeks after poly (IC) treatment.","Bone marrow cells from mice with or without U2af1(S34F) were stained with antibodies against markers for HSCs and for various blood cell progenitors and were analyzed by flow cytometry.","These findings suggest that reductions in HSCs likely account for the persistence of multilineage cytopenia observed in the peripheral blood of mice expressing mutant U2af1.","Mice engineered to produce mutant splicing factors other than mutant U2AF1 (31–34) display similar features, including cytopenia and a competitive disadvantage of mutant-containing HSCs in re-population assays.","Another gene (RAC1) plays an important role in HSCs (39, 40), and one more (H2AFY) encodes isoforms reported to affect erythroid and granulomonocytic differentiation (41).","Another  gene  (RAC1)  plays  an  important  role  in  HSCs  (39,  40),  and  one  more  (H2AFY) encodes  isoforms  reported  to  affect  erythroid  and  granulomonocytic  differentiation  (41).","Both models manifest defective HSC function since they compete poorly with co-transplanted normal HSCs in irradiated recipients.","HSCs from individuals with CHIP often carry loss-of-function mutations in DNMT3A and TET2 (45, 46)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":2730054150,"citingcorpusid":24369488,"citedcorpusid":6777883,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This might be explained by the differing roles the two Racs have during development and immunity (Sasamura et al. 1997; Gu et al. 2003)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":108727263,"citingcorpusid":34222188,"citedcorpusid":6777883,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3566391377,"citingcorpusid":237869821,"citedcorpusid":146465961,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Wilcox and Shaffer (2005), in their argument against the model of the interpreter as a “conduit”, propose a cognitively oriented view of communication.","However, as Turner (1991: 206, in Wilcox and Shaffer 2005: 44) states, “in order to understand, we must bring to bear elaborate and detailed conceptual knowledge not referred to in the expression”."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2989894486,"citingcorpusid":170200391,"citedcorpusid":143054553,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Sindzingre & Zempléni (1981) propuseram sintetizá-las numa tabela da seguinte maneira :\ndoença causa agente origem quàl doença? como? que ou quem? porque? sintoma meio ou força eficaz eventos ou taxinomia mecanismo conjunturas\n' c. instrumental c. eficaz c. última<2>\nEstes três campos etiológicos…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3644589374,"citingcorpusid":245920753,"citedcorpusid":109941605,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Self-reported data may be prone to bias due to underreporting (e.g., underreporting of SSB) [43].","High intakes of free sugars, sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) [11], or ultra-processed foods (UPF) [12] are discussed to contribute to the development of various diseases, such as overweight or obesity, cardiovascular diseases, or metabolic syndrome.","Therefore, residuals of SSB intake were not normally distributed.","Although β-estimates suggest relevant changes in intake, no significant results were observed for changes in UPF, SSB and juice intake among the present sample.","In addition, no normal distribution was obtained when transforming the data, as a large proportion of participants did not consume SSB within the observed 3 days.","In the current analyses intake of total energy intake (TEI; in kcal), nutrient intake (fat, protein, carbohydrates, free sugar ([FS]) in the percentage of total daily energy intake (%E)) as well as the intake of different food groups (fruit & vegetables, SSB, juices and UPF in g/1000 kcal) were calculated as individual means from 3 days of recording.","Overall, SSB intake among participants in the present study is small.","However, the descriptive analysis, as well as the β-estimates, indicate a decline in UPF and SSB.","%) and especially in median intake of SSB (−100","The descriptive increase, as well as the observed β-estimates for juice intake in the present study, could support this, as juices probably reflect the recognition of fruit juice as a “healthy” beverage in Germany, even though pure fruit juices have a similar sugar and energy content as SSB [33,34]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["result"]]}
{"citationid":330383201,"citingcorpusid":23478273,"citedcorpusid":19813496,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["5 GHz); 2) quadrature imbalance compensation [12]; 3) down-sampling to 28 GSa/s; 4) digital square and filter clock recovery [13]; 5) polarization recovery and residual distortion compensation using 11-tap adaptive equalizers in a butterfly configuration; 6) carrier frequency offset recovery using a spectral domain algorithm [14]; 7) carrier phase recovery; 8) symbol decisions, and 9) angle differential decoding."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2828571895,"citingcorpusid":221369688,"citedcorpusid":19813496,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1061300478,"citingcorpusid":6330505,"citedcorpusid":19813496,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["We found no difference without GSOP but a slightly worse BER for phase errors ≥2.5° with GSOP.","Using the GSOP it is possible to compensate even for large phase errors (>30°).","5(b) shows the dependence of the BER on the hybrid phase error for the cases without (solid) and with (dashed) the use of the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure (GSOP) [11].","However, without the GSOP, the BER increases with the phase error where the impact is much larger for 16-QAM."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":2553100176,"citingcorpusid":85721017,"citedcorpusid":11846444,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Indeed, treatment with mAChR agonist carbachol causes an increase in NMDA induced current, while pretreatment of hippocampal slices with the antagonist for M1, M1 receptor subtype-toxin, blocks the carbachol-induced potentiation of NMDA currents (Marino et al., 1998)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2553098982,"citingcorpusid":85721017,"citedcorpusid":38085852,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and the cingular cortex, mammillary bodies, hypothalamus, amygdala, septal complex, nucleus accumbens and thalamus (Amaral and Witter, 1995; O'Mara et al., 2001)\nThe entorhinal cortex is the main entry point for the sensory information processed by the\nhippocampal formation and more than…","Burst firing cells showed lower input resistance than regular firing cells in accordance with\nprevious studies (O'Mara et al., 2001;Menendez et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":2553100086,"citingcorpusid":85721017,"citedcorpusid":17708824,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Depolarization paired with LFS, produces plasticity, the polarity of which dependends on post-synaptic calcium concentration in the perirhinal cortex (Cho et al., 2000)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":979261308,"citingcorpusid":73671407,"citedcorpusid":154370808,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…2006); 2) KIBS role in solving the problems on a mezzo level (such issues as regional competitiveness (Haataja, 2005), sub-sectorial innovativeness (Wong and He, 2005; Freel, 2006), etc.); 3) challenges arising on a micro level to be solved by KIBS enterprises or in a dialogue with clients."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":580023840,"citingcorpusid":54602848,"citedcorpusid":154370808,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The important role that FLEs play in service innovation is reinforced in KIBS, because these firms rely strongly on professional knowledge and skills that are deeply embodied in human capital (Cavusgil et al. 2003; Freel 2006; Nätti and Ojasalo 2008).","fessional knowledge and skills that are deeply embodied in human capital (Cavusgil et al. 2003; Freel 2006; Nätti and Ojasalo 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1140055114,"citingcorpusid":153194469,"citedcorpusid":153540528,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The suggested policy options include: • Incentivising research and development into hydrogen-powered cars which\nare primarily for urban use (USDT, 2001; Banister, 2000).","• Incentivising research and development into hydrogen-powered cars which are primarily for urban use (USDT, 2001; Banister, 2000).","• Supporting the redensification of urban areas via urban planning (Banister, 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2356359235,"citingcorpusid":142073772,"citedcorpusid":107142950,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":792315536,"citingcorpusid":6581157,"citedcorpusid":8531212,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["slb but not tri mutants exhibit shortening and compression of the ventral CNS midline expressing shh which could result in the cyclopia phenotype (Heisenberg et al., 1996).",", 1996) exhibit synopthalmia and cyclopia, silberblick (slb) mutants (Heisenberg et al., 1996; Heisenberg and Nüsslein-Volhard, 1997) are synopthalmic but not cyclopic, while knypek (kny) mutants (Solnica-Krezel et al.","…trilobite (tri) mutants (Hammerschmidt et al., 1996b; SolnicaKrezel et al., 1996) exhibit synopthalmia and cyclopia, silberblick (slb) mutants (Heisenberg et al., 1996; Heisenberg and Nüsslein-Volhard, 1997) are synopthalmic but not cyclopic, while knypek (kny) mutants (Solnica-Krezel et…","…but not cyclopic, while knypek (kny) mutants (Solnica-Krezel et al., 1996) infrequently exhibit synopthalmia. slb but not tritc240 mutants exhibit shortening and compression of the ventral CNS midline expressing shh which could result in the cyclopia phenotype (Heisenberg et al., 1996)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1727939802,"citingcorpusid":209493359,"citedcorpusid":131599499,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[Mo and Chan, 1996] tested the behaviour of reinforced-concreteframed shear walls."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1537534417,"citingcorpusid":134070393,"citedcorpusid":128736146,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1537535134,"citingcorpusid":134070393,"citedcorpusid":129896393,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, the peculiar mineral assemblages of lamproite, such as sanidine, leucite, apatite etc. (Madhavan, 2001) were not noticed in the thin-sections.","…on this outcrop such as non-micaceous/basaltic nature, absence of typical lamproite mineral assemblages such as sanidine, leucite, richterite etc. (e.g. Woolley et al., 1996, Madhavan, 2001) support that this new kimberlite occurrence might be classified as archetypal Group- I kimberlite."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1537535403,"citingcorpusid":134070393,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Certain geochemical parameters like K2O/Na2O ratio (Krutoyarsky et al., 1959), the increased concentrations of Cr and Mg and the decreased contents of Ti, Fe, Al (Blagulkina, 1969) were considered as indicators of diamond potential of kimberlites."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":943462899,"citingcorpusid":53295816,"citedcorpusid":85161986,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There have been several attempts to model how diving birds manage the trade-off between extending foraging time and reducing surface pauses to maximize net energy gain or efficiency (Kramer 1988; Ydenberg & Clark 1989;  Mori 1998a,  b, 1999).","These models showed that using anaerobic metabolism, despite its associated longer surface intervals, could be a beneficial strategy if prey densities were rich, if prey were unlikely to be encountered after a patch was left, or if travel time to patches was long (Ydenberg & Clark 1989; Houston & Carbone 1992;  Mori 1998a,  b). Furthermore, diving for the maximum time possible depleted oxygen reserves entirely and therefore maximized ..."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3970170322,"citingcorpusid":253240320,"citedcorpusid":206822393,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Consequently, serum ucOC levels are negatively correlated with vitamin K intake, and are used clinically as an indicator of vitamin K status [9]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":129742835,"citingcorpusid":21804318,"citedcorpusid":23545598,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Winter born schizophrenics have increased cerebral sulcal prominence (Degreef et al., 1988) and more prevalent lateral ventricular enlargement (Sacchetti et al., 1992).",", 1988) and more prevalent lateral ventricular enlargement (Sacchetti et al., 1992)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":827766910,"citingcorpusid":34364620,"citedcorpusid":19043145,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…to HL in NF: (1) accelerated leaf senescence in HL due to O3 stress, a typical result of damaged Rubisco (Pell et al. 1994, Yendrek et al. 2013, Kitao et al. 2016); and (2) a difference in the period and timing of needle senescence and in the needle structure between the larches: needles…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3039284504,"citingcorpusid":222289394,"citedcorpusid":122792674,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3336922510,"citingcorpusid":234279429,"citedcorpusid":40674720,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[",ere are also other study reports that documented that trauma was the commonest risk factor identified as 66% at Pradish in India [21], 51% in Nigeria [22], and 55% in Ethiopia [23].","Besides,Wong et al. [5] documented that a history of ocular trauma, especially with organic matter, was associated with perforation in corneal ulcers.,ere are also other study reports that documented that trauma was the commonest risk factor identified as 66% at Pradish in India [21], 51% in Nigeria [22], and 55% in Ethiopia [23]."],"intents":[["result"],null]}
{"citationid":2440027211,"citingcorpusid":167110539,"citedcorpusid":167981307,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, to have a theoretical framework for benchmarking analysis on strategy formulation is one of the key issues ( Salhieh and Singh, 2003"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":534532418,"citingcorpusid":46166001,"citedcorpusid":42530447,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Nous pouvons ainsi citer des méthodes telles que B ([66]), JML ([67], [68], [69]) ou encore OCL ([70]).","En fait, dans les études [79] [66] [65] [68] or [78], la vérification nécessite un modèle formel ou l’accès au code source."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1132339729,"citingcorpusid":152074489,"citedcorpusid":7781661,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["61 for the total score when administered to students in China between the ages of five and 16 (Linyan et al., 2008).","69 on the individual subscales (Linyan et al., 2008).","91 (Birmaher et al., 1999; Boyd et al., 2003; Linyan et al., 2008; Muris et al., 2002; Muris et al., 2006).","Discriminant validity of the SCARED has been examined in several studies (Birmaher et al., 1999; DeSousa et al., 2012; Linyan et al., 2008), with results indicating","a stable five-factor solution (Birmaher et al., 1999; Linyan et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,["result"],null]}
{"citationid":3880255133,"citingcorpusid":251721534,"citedcorpusid":28271852,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…would enhanced their regenerating abilities similarly to mammals, where better ability of the PNS axons to regenerate compared to CNS correlates with expression of neurotrophins and their receptors post-axotomy (Ip et al., 1991, Ebadi, 1997, Lee et al., 2001, Chen et al., 2007, Priestley, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1869372562,"citingcorpusid":214798161,"citedcorpusid":7781661,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Both scales have moderate-to-high internal consistency, interrater reliability, and test–retest reliability (Bölte et al. 2008; Su et al. 2008; Bruni 2014).","Both scales have moderate-to-high internal consistency, interrater reliability, and test-retest reliability (Bölte et al., 2008; Bruni, 2014; Su et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":930099638,"citingcorpusid":24808827,"citedcorpusid":84574426,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Apart from the optimal foraging models for fish (Werner & Hall, 1974; Mittelbach, 1981), there are other mechanistic models (Mills et al., 1986), which attempt to describe prey selectivity based on processes associated with prey detection (Confer & Blades, 1975; O’Brien et al., 1976; Eggers, 1977;…","This is in accordance with the already established theory of optimal foraging and as observed by Werner & Hall (1974).","Fish typically do not attack all the prey they encounter, but may be expected to choose a range of prey items to maximize energetic benefits (Werner & Hall, 1974; Charnov, 1976; Mittelbach, 1981; Werner et al., 1981; Townsend & Winfield, 1985; Letcher et al., 1996).","Moreover, vision is an important variable in optimal foraging models through its influence on the encounter rate, which determines successful search events (Werner & Hall, 1974)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":19368066,"citingcorpusid":13932323,"citedcorpusid":13475512,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In patients with anorexia nervosa, alterations in IPL activity have been reported (Pietrini et al., 2011; Gaudio & Quattrocchi, 2012)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3601195080,"citingcorpusid":202540646,"citedcorpusid":8774687,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["One can associate to G a graded Lie Z-algebra Gr(G) = ⊕∞k=1Grk(G), where Grk(G) = γkG γk+1G for all k (see Lazard [13], Magnus–Karrass–Solitar [14], or Bass–Lubotzky [2]).","We know by Magnus–Karrass–Solitar [14, Theorem 5.4] that T Gr1(A[M]) is generated as a Z-module by {s̄ | s ∈ S} and T Gr2(A[M]) is generated as a Z-module by {[s̄, t̄] | s, t ∈ S, s   t}.","We refer to Lazard [13], Magnus–Karrass–Solitar [14], and Bass–Lubotzky [2] for detailed accounts on this Lie algebra."],"intents":[["background"],null,["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":448609017,"citingcorpusid":2402133,"citedcorpusid":21963985,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["and Ki-67, 2-Hm sections were stained using the CINtec PLUS kit (mtm Laboratories, Heidelberg, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions with minor modifications for application in histological examination as described previously [10].","The latter included focal or sporadic p16 expression or complete absence of p16 expression in the tumor as described previously [10, 15].","patterns in cervical squamous cell epithelia, whereas cells expressing p16 because they have most likely entered a senescent stage do not proliferate and thus do not show coexpression of p16 and Ki-67 [10]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1117389199,"citingcorpusid":784131,"citedcorpusid":145402062,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["And alternative approaches can be found in Skyrms 1980, Kaplan 1983, Sahlin 1983, and Baron 1987."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2516190523,"citingcorpusid":784131,"citedcorpusid":152469823,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A point on the single attribute utility function uj (xj) is plotted as p uj (xj max) + (1 – p) uj (xj min) when such indifference\nTheorem’s disturbing results in social choice theory a demanding challenge for the Bayesian — see Arrow (1950; 1963), Sen 1970, Suzumura 1983."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":924919602,"citingcorpusid":21917224,"citedcorpusid":41623385,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Glutamatergic system in hippocampus and amygdala, and GABAergic transmission in substantia nigra and superior colliculus are involved in the ethanol withdrawal seizures (Peris et al. 1992; Brailowsky and García 1999; Feng et al. 2007; Stepanyan et al. 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1904057502,"citingcorpusid":13636894,"citedcorpusid":127197711,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While T. cacao, D. zibethinus and G. gnemon are known to be strictly wet tropical forest trees rather sensitive to drought and low air humidity (Brown, 1997; Carr and Lockwood, 2011), the other three species are reported to be fast-growing drought-resistant trees (Mrema et al., 1997; Fagbola et…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3784114249,"citingcorpusid":225217923,"citedcorpusid":28904752,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…in-depth numerical studies of microscale turbulent motions with grid spacing below 5 m, and C-FOG was aimed at extending previous LES studies on continental fog (e.g., Nakanishi and Niino 2006; Bergot 2013; Boutle et al. 2018; Mazoyer et al. 2017; Maronga and Bosveld 2017) to coastal fog cases."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":526369177,"citingcorpusid":53338068,"citedcorpusid":114215990,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This latter effect is highly counterintuitive and absent in literature but has been extensively reported in the authors’ previous works.(8,9,13) The effect of negative flow rate was found to be deleterious for bearing performance, as it would contribute for lubricant starvation ahead of the active bearing region and would increase journal eccentricity and maximum bush temperature."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":3815009875,"citingcorpusid":109028271,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["(2005) [15] Naser Chowdhury, Review of Critical Component and System Standards, Hydrogen Codes and","고압분위기에서 재료의 수소취성 시험은 ISO 11114-4[12]의 기준을\n이승현⋅강승규⋅성종규⋅이영순\nKIGAS Vol. 15, No. 2, April, 2011 - 6 -\nInstallation Codes ․ NFPA 55, For Storage, Use & Handling of Compressed Gases & Cryogenic Fluids in Portable and Stationary\nContainers, Cylinders and Tanks\n․ NFPA 52, Vehicular Fuel Systems Code ․ NFPA 2(Draft), Hydrogen Technologies Code ․ ISO 20100, Gaseous Hydrogen Fueling Station ․ I-Code, International Fire Code- Chapter 22 Component Codes ․ SAE J2600, Compressed H2 Surface Vehicle Refueling Connection Devices ․ SAE J2578, General Safety of H2 Fueled Vehicles ․ ASME BPVC, Section VIII Div 3 ․ CSA, Canadian Standards Association ․ ASME / ASTM B31.","압력용기 및 배관에 대해 서는 ASME 코드를 참조하였고, 자동차 연료부품 및 충전설비는 SAE와 CSA코드를 인용하였다[15]."],"intents":[["background"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":2414574809,"citingcorpusid":43259740,"citedcorpusid":6427068,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Atypical patients exhibit\n1 Although the evidence is more equivocal than the findings regarding melancholic depression.\nenhanced glucocorticoid suppression (Levitan et al., 2002), lower cortisol levels at awakening and also flattened diurnal cortisol patterns (Lamers et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4028007204,"citingcorpusid":255349135,"citedcorpusid":26371381,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…der Nutzer stellen darüber hinaus individuelle Kompetenzen der Datenanalyse (z. B. Datnow et al. 2007; Ikemoto und Marsh 2007; Kühle und Peek 2007; Mingchu 2008; Wohlstetter et al. 2008; Hosenfeld 2010; Koch 2011) bzw. auf der Ebene der Schule insgesamt die „human capacity of data use“ (Kerr et…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2414574703,"citingcorpusid":43259740,"citedcorpusid":18700546,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There also is evidence for an enhanced CAR and a failure to suppress in response to dexamethasone challenge among depressed patients (Gold and Chrousos, 2002; Jarcho et al., 2013; Vrshek-Schallhorn et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4028007473,"citingcorpusid":255349135,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…werden, dass insbesondere solche Qualifikationsangebote praktisch wirksam werden, die konkrete Möglichkeiten der Verwendung von VERA-Daten für Personalentwicklungsmaßnahmen aufzeigen und damit deren Nutzen verdeutlichen (für die Wirksamkeit von Fortbildungen bei Lehrkräften vgl. Koch 2011).","…der Datenanalyse (z. B. Datnow et al. 2007; Ikemoto und Marsh 2007; Kühle und Peek 2007; Mingchu 2008; Wohlstetter et al. 2008; Hosenfeld 2010; Koch 2011) bzw. auf der Ebene der Schule insgesamt die „human capacity of data use“ (Kerr et al. 2006, S. 500) eine wichtige Voraussetzung für eine…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3373787567,"citingcorpusid":235678907,"citedcorpusid":36710580,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Naturally, all units as well as reference systems used in [1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 12, 13], has been transferred to the ones utilized in the current study."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3608916945,"citingcorpusid":244063123,"citedcorpusid":133542788,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In past studies, binary geotechnical mixtures were regarded as homogeneous materials, and then the influences of factors such as coarse content [9–11], particle shape [12–15], void ratio [16, 17] and water content [18, 19] on strength were discussed, ignoring the potential influence of mixing uniformity on strength."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1512200663,"citingcorpusid":103158389,"citedcorpusid":94604586,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Polymers containing –CO–NR2 are used in everyday materials such as nylons, drug delivery systems, adhesives, and wound healing (Deming 2007).","CO–NR2 are used in everyday materials such as nylons, drug delivery systems, adhesives, and wound healing (Deming 2007)."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":3356287639,"citingcorpusid":235306919,"citedcorpusid":94604586,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2018; Deming 2007; Habibi et al.","In particular, ultrashort peptide-based hydrogels have attracted\n1 3\nmuch attention for their use in biomedical applications including drug and biomolecular delivery, cell-based therapies, biosensors, contact lenses, and tissue engineering (Deming 2007; Habibi et al."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":4087157620,"citingcorpusid":257780425,"citedcorpusid":94604586,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["tification of any structure–function correlations difficult [41].","This makes identification of any structure–function correlations difficult [41]."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":410919156,"citingcorpusid":25011079,"citedcorpusid":15761821,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A rich body of literature is available for parameter estimation of transmission lines from synchronized measurements [7]–[14].","The model presented in [7] and [8] was next extended in [9] and [10] to account for different types of transmission-line topologies.","In [7] and [8], a distributed line model has been applied for estimating transmission-line positive-sequence parameters based on nonlinear estimation theory."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2636105182,"citingcorpusid":26747395,"citedcorpusid":37300526,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Each gene in the mga regulon is related to bacterial pathogenesis in vivo (Ashbaugh et al., 1998; Ashbaugh et al., 2000), suggesting that Fba could be a potential virulence factor in streptococcal infection.","Each gene in the mga regulon is related to bacterial\npathogenesis in vivo (Ashbaugh et al., 1998; Ashbaugh\net al., 2000), suggesting that Fba could be a potential\nvirulence factor in streptococcal infection."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3962297383,"citingcorpusid":253018340,"citedcorpusid":2209718,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The fundamental reason these considerations are so interesting is the tension between the relative tractability of those spacetime metrics that can be expressed in Painlevé–Gullstrand coordinates [11, 12], and the overwhelming pedagogical [13–22], theoretical [23–25], and astrophysical [26–31] importance of the Kerr spacetime."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1958133301,"citingcorpusid":32870019,"citedcorpusid":141299526,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Alternatively, loyalty could be forced on non-complying members (Zybertowicz 2005), as indicated by the limited conflicts of interest disclosure."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2777430630,"citingcorpusid":17516293,"citedcorpusid":14686458,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For further details, we refer the reader to the literature (see, e.g., Kaplan 1998, Le Du 2000, Calchi Novati 2001.)\nthe seeing disc contained within the superpixel3.","Since Paczyński’s seminal paper (1986), microlensing surveys have begun to monitor millions of sources towards the Magellanic Clouds (Lasserre et al. 2000, Alcock et al. 2001), the galactic bulge (Udalski et al. 1994), the spiral arms (Derue et al. 2001) and the Andromeda galaxy (Auriére et al. 2001, Calchi Novati et al. 2002, Paulin - Henriksson et al. 2002a,b).","The pixel method has been successfully implemented and has been proven to be an efficient tool to look for microlensing events towards the Andromeda galaxy (Ansari et al. 1997, 1999, Auriére et al. 2001, Calchi Novati et al. 2001, Paulin -Henriksson et al. 2002a,b).","In order to better illustrate the approach we will use, it is helpful to briefly recall the basic steps of the analysis pipeline adopted for the lensing method (for a detailed description see Le Du 2000, Calchi Novati 2001)."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":337015779,"citingcorpusid":17785382,"citedcorpusid":28053932,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is worth to mention, that this approach reproduces results for the ground state wave functions presented in Refs. [ 8 , 10].","[ 8 ]. To this end we applied the nonlinear equation solving procedure ZEROIN from Ref.[9], which combines advantages of the bisection and secant techniques."],"intents":[["result"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2599812621,"citingcorpusid":15066001,"citedcorpusid":121984054,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…the Lindblad resonances (Goldreich & Tremaine 1979; Ward 1997) and improved later by taking into account the contribution from the corotation torque (Tanaka et al. 2002)\nτI = (2.7 + 1.1γ) −1 M∗\nmp M∗ Σrp2\n(\nc\nrpΩp\n)2\nΩp −1 (1)\nHere mp is mass of the planet, rp is the distance from the central…","Taking Σ = 2Σ0, (as in model 7) we have got a migration of the Super-Earth which is faster than in model 2 in accordance to the simple approximation of type I migration (Tanaka et al. 2002) and at the same time the migration is convergent."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4068246189,"citingcorpusid":257145559,"citedcorpusid":21909254,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It occurs more often in men (up to 3–4 times more), which can be explained by differences in lifestyle as well as by the possible retention of urine containing carcinogens in the field of prostate enlargement and urine retention [4]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1674137127,"citingcorpusid":206773613,"citedcorpusid":2112166,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Despite our intuitions, the major determinant of learning is what is to be learned, not who is doing the learning.(6) 2."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":170294754,"citingcorpusid":13680615,"citedcorpusid":2112166,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although more than 70 learning style models are described in the literature [5] and different models are used by various adaptive systems to classify learners into supposedly distinct groups or to assign learners graded scores on single or multiple dimensions [6]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2440144628,"citingcorpusid":2093989,"citedcorpusid":26888253,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Out of the candidate effectors identified from the yeast screen, PE-PGRS62 was selected for additional studies to assess its effects on macrophage\nfunction, as this protein has previously been linked to virulence in M. marinum (Ramakrishnan et al., 2000).","…estimated to make up approximately 10% of the coding potential of the M. tuberculosis and M. marinum genomes and have been implicated in virulence (Ramakrishnan et al., 2000; Brennan et al., 2001; Banu et al., 2002; Delogu et al., 2004); however, detailed information regarding the\n© 2012…","…found in members of the M. tuberculosis complex, Mycobacterium ulcerans and M. marinum thus far, and expression of the M. marinum orthologue of PE-PGRS62 was found to be upregulated in M. marinum-infected J774 macrophages and in granulomas from M. marinum-infected frogs (Ramakrishnan et al., 2000).","Furthermore, infection of frogs with an M. marinum PE-PGRS62 orthologue mutant was attenuated, indicating a role for PE-PGRS62 in virulence (Ramakrishnan et al., 2000); however, its exact function in pathogenesis is unknown.","marinum PE-PGRS62 orthologue mutant was attenuated, indicating a role for PE-PGRS62 in virulence (Ramakrishnan et al., 2000); however, its exact function in pathogenesis is unknown.","marinum genomes and have been implicated in virulence (Ramakrishnan et al., 2000; Brennan et al., 2001; Banu et al., 2002; Delogu et al., 2004); however, detailed information regarding the Fig."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2702355608,"citingcorpusid":39584156,"citedcorpusid":26888253,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The WhiB-like proteins are putative transcription factors involved in the regulation of significant cellular processes, such as cell division, pathogenesis, and response to oxidative stress (13, 15, 21, 28,  37 , 46)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1936923817,"citingcorpusid":207946780,"citedcorpusid":12331187,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Examples include approaches that coordinate processor and DRAM [8, 15, 16, 20, 35, 52] processor speed and core allocation [10, 49], combining DVFS and scheduling [48, 59], memory and disk speed [36] and combining DVFS and process placement [41].","However, several prior works show that coordinating voltage and frequency with other node-level resources (like socket, core, and memory usage) leads to much higher performance for the same power budget [8, 10, 15, 16, 20, 35, 48, 49, 52, 59, 62]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1781510191,"citingcorpusid":149416825,"citedcorpusid":2112166,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Effective learning will take place if prior analysis of learning preference of the learners is done and instructions are designed accordingly (Pashler et al., 2008).","Effective learning will take place if prior\nanalysis of learning preference of the learners is done and instructions are designed accordingly (Pashler et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":79323026,"citingcorpusid":27995784,"citedcorpusid":7038707,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This tool has successfully been applied to study the topology of numerous solute transporters, e.g., the gastric H+/K+-ATPase (Bamberg & Sachs, 1994), the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (Bayle, Weeks & Sachs, 1995), the human ileal Na+dependent bile acid cotransporter HISBAT (Hallen et al., 1999, 2002), a P-type ATPase from Heliobacter pylori (Melchers et al., 1996), the rabbit gastric cholecystokinin-A (CCK-A) receptor (Bayle, Weeks & Sachs, 1997b), the Na+/K+/2Cl) cotransporter NKCC1 (Gerelsaikhan & Turner, 2000), the Na+/ H+ exchanger NHE-3 (Zizak et al., 2000) and the Na+-bicarbonate cotransporter pNBCI (Tatishchev et al., 2003).","…(Melchers et al., 1996), the rabbit gastric cholecystokinin-A (CCK-A) receptor (Bayle, Weeks & Sachs, 1997b), the Na+/K+/2Cl) cotransporter NKCC1 (Gerelsaikhan & Turner, 2000), the Na+/ H+ exchanger NHE-3 (Zizak et al., 2000) and the Na+-bicarbonate cotransporter pNBCI (Tatishchev et al., 2003).","On the other hand, a TMD positioned in the HK-M1 vector would translocate the reporter sequence out of the lumen of microsomes, thus preventing N-glycosylation; such an amino acid sequence has been characterized as a stop transfer (ST) sequence (Zizak et al., 2000).","…strategy was effectively applied to determine membrane topologies of several different integral membrane proteins (Bamberg & Sachs, 1994; Bayle et al., 1995, 1997a, 1997b; Gerelsaikhan & Turner, 2000; Hallen et al., 1999, 2002; Mareninova et al., 2005; Tatishchev et al., 2003; Zizak et al., 2000).","A similar strategy was effectively applied to determine membrane topologies of several different integral membrane proteins (Bamberg & Sachs, 1994; Bayle et al., 1995, 1997a, 1997b; Gerelsaikhan & Turner, 2000; Hallen et al., 1999, 2002; Mareninova et al., 2005; Tatishchev et al., 2003;  Zizak et al., 2000 ).","dependent bile acid cotransporter HISBAT (Hallen et al., 1999, 2002), a P-type ATPase from Heliobacter pylori (Melchers et al., 1996), the rabbit gastric cholecystokinin-A (CCK-A) receptor (Bayle, Weeks & Sachs, 1997b), the Na + /K + /2Cl ) cotransporter NKCC1 (Gerelsaikhan & Turner, 2000), the Na + / H + exchanger NHE-3 ( Zizak et al., 2000 ) and the Na + -bicarbonate cotransporter pNBCI (Tatishchev"],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1078843696,"citingcorpusid":86447234,"citedcorpusid":53956333,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["One approach for building a ROM for a LDO follows the traditional notions of POD-Galerkin projection [4,5,22].","Another model-inference technique that is closely related to ours is the “blackbox stencil interpolation method” (BSIM) introduced by Chen [22]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2998067510,"citingcorpusid":59932634,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The location of volcanic vents is inferred to be related to the distribution of stream filled paleo-valleys as well as to ancient, probably rejuvenated pre-Neogene faults (Németh and Martin, 1999a).","…of volcanic fields include 1) the number, type, eruption styles, sedimentation and erosion history of individual volcanoes (White, 1990; Németh and Martin, 1999a); 2) the timing and frequency of eruptions (Connor et al., 2000); 3) the distribution of volcanoes (Connor et al., 1992);…","The textural characteristics of the pyroclastic sequences indicate that phreatomagmatic explosions took place below a subarieal paleosurface, i.e. not under lacustrine conditions (Németh and Martin, 1999b).","The volcanic vents belonging to Episode III are associated with phreatomagmatic pyroclastic units interpreted as evidence that the magma interacted with abundant water (Németh and Martin, 1999b).","These estimates are in the same range as those inferred previously on the basis of volcanic facies analyses and published K/Ar ages (Németh and Martin, 1999a)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":1609029233,"citingcorpusid":203647607,"citedcorpusid":13331331,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["(Cuvelier et al., 2010) or using a training set of already known eukaryotic contigs (West et al.","The few successful metagenomic studies so far that have targeted protists tend to be based on prior knowledge, such as specific sorting conditions (Cuvelier et al., 2010) or using a training set of already known eukaryotic contigs (West et al., 2018).","Further, eukaryotic genomes are larger and have relatively low density of genes in their genomes compared to prokaryotic genomes (Cuvelier et al., 2010).","For example, a metagenomic approach can make sense if there is a way to enrich the eukaryotic species that you are interested in, which can be achieved using sorting with flow cytometry (Cuvelier et al., 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1029833126,"citingcorpusid":92629443,"citedcorpusid":94763551,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Figures reproduite d’après [95] avec l’autorisation de l’American Institute of Physics.","Les travaux expérimentaux les plus importants sur la structure du méthane solide ont été faits par des expériences de diffraction de neutrons [93; 95; 99].","- Figures reproduites d’après [98] et [95]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2530864273,"citingcorpusid":56379726,"citedcorpusid":154980947,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The first empirical studies that attracted particular attention to foreign exchange exposure on banks' return generating process were Grammatikos et al. (1986) and Chamberlain et al. (1997)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3471375078,"citingcorpusid":218934349,"citedcorpusid":67778767,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Wohlstetter and Mohrman (2011) commented on the indication that a successful reform also requires the existence of communication networks and financial commitment to the professional development of teachers and principals.","Wohlstetter and Mohrman (2011) conceived that to demonstrate commitment and a positive attitude toward the implementation of SBM, the government should trust the principals and school boards to determine how to achieve the goals of education in each school through SBM. Written agreements, in the…","According to most school leaders, they essentially have a great desire to organize the process of education development (school development) through school-based management concepts (Wohlstetter & Mohrman, 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":130460837,"citingcorpusid":52117872,"citedcorpusid":20562674,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The applications of symbol-level precoding span different research areas in wireless communications: underlay cognitive radio system [99], [100], [102], [212], coordinated multicell MIMO systems [217], physical-layer\nsecurity [161], [190], [220], [221] and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) [222].","information and power transfer (SWIPT) [222]."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":485422424,"citingcorpusid":6840721,"citedcorpusid":2654607,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Previous studies in Arabidopsis demonstrated the close interplay of DNA and histone K9 covalent modifications (Jackson et al., 2002; Soppe et al., 2002; Tariq et al., 2003; Lindroth et al., 2004; Mathieu et al., 2005; Johnson etal.,2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3492351438,"citingcorpusid":208621065,"citedcorpusid":220770259,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, as a probable mechanism of the influence of an earthquake on the ionosphere we may consider a change in electron concentration arising, as noted above, due to the influence of acoustic-gravity waves generated near the Earth’s surface during the activation of geodynamic processes immediately before, during, and immediately after the earthquake (Chum et al., 2012; Garmash et al., 1989; Liperovskii et al., 2008; Tsugawa et al., 2011).","…as noted above, due to the influence of acoustic-gravity waves generated near the Earth’s surface during the activation of geodynamic processes immediately before, during, and immediately after the earthquake (Chum et al., 2012; Garmash et al., 1989; Liperovskii et al., 2008; Tsugawa et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1997839504,"citingcorpusid":216433195,"citedcorpusid":35347230,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many data indicate that it is one of the most promising species for effective cultivation on various anaerobic digestion effluents [19,20].","[20] studied the possibility of using digestate from anaerobic digestion of cattle manure as a growth medium for green microalgae cultivation."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1566677596,"citingcorpusid":153960270,"citedcorpusid":36120313,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The regimes in the post-WWII period largely aimed to increase the room of domestic states to counteract the potential negative effects of international market liberalization (Ruggie, 1982).","Drawing on both rationalist and cognitivist schools of regimes (Krasner 1982; Ruggie 1982), we understand TIRs as institutionalized arrangements involving public and private actors from two or more countries in creating and governing the rules of economic interactions in specific regions.","By using the notion of regime we integrate the rationalist concept of ‘sets of governing arrangements’ (Keohane and Nye, 1977) and the cognitivist notion of transnational social institutions shaping the learning processes of the participating actors (Ruggie, 1982)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1694753586,"citingcorpusid":12881386,"citedcorpusid":41565587,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is based on the hydrolysis of esculin into esculetin which reacts with FeCl3 to provide a brown complex [65,97]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2527437453,"citingcorpusid":151066146,"citedcorpusid":36120313,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3352835717,"citingcorpusid":235251804,"citedcorpusid":36120313,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…in place for a managed global economic and financial system through the Bretton Woods institutions while a new compact between capital and labour at national level was given institutional form, most coherently in those countries in which social democratic parties became hegemonic (Ruggie, 1982).","Yet, in more general terms, Polanyi was correct in seeing the trend towards what afterwards came to be called ‘embedded liberalism’, namely the reconciliation of market efficiency with the values of social community (Ruggie, 1982)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":132772112,"citingcorpusid":8117088,"citedcorpusid":36120313,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2 At the same time, postwar leaders wanted to restore full employment and insure citizens against economic shocks (Ruggie 1982)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2310734744,"citingcorpusid":155644905,"citedcorpusid":36120313,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The embedded liberalism compromise theorised by Ruggie (1982) constitutes a\nparadigmatic reference in this regard.","Accordingly, governments everywhere had developed increasingly active forms of intervention in the domestic economy in order to affect the level of prices and employment, and to protect them against external sources of dislocation (Ruggie 1982: 390-393)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1531103915,"citingcorpusid":199569481,"citedcorpusid":36120313,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We argue that this debate has yet to fully appreciate a critical determinant of the shape of international power transitions: the distribution of preferences amongst the major powers (Ruggie 1982, Cox 1987, Moravcsik 1997).","If preferences converge sufficiently, international power shifts will likely take place ‘within hegemony’, rather than threatening hegemony per se (Ruggie 1982, Cox 1983)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3645094276,"citingcorpusid":245931825,"citedcorpusid":36120313,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…as an indication for governments’ attempts to compensate those who are hurt by economic openness (Adsera and Boix 2002; Cameron 1978; Rodrik 1998; Ruggie 1982; Walter 2010).24 What the figure illustrates very clearly, however, is that this association in the cross-section is almost exclusively…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3322404015,"citingcorpusid":233619059,"citedcorpusid":36120313,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Ruggie 1982, 415.","Ruggie 1982, 412.","Ruggie 1982, 382.","Ruggie 1982.\ncommitments to universal rights make rights won difficult to unwind, but it is also true in immigrant societies such as the United States and Australia."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3123439857,"citingcorpusid":225047041,"citedcorpusid":36120313,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As argued in the liberal embeddedness literature (Ruggie 1982), this is particularly true if those at the losing end of multilateralism are compensated (Hays et al. 2005).","These results are consistent with embedded liberalism theory (Hays et al. 2005; Ruggie 1982), which suggests that preferences for distributive outcomes depend on how internationally connected\ndomestic constituencies feel in a globalized world."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":1951157367,"citingcorpusid":150521618,"citedcorpusid":36120313,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Das Leitbild des keynesianischen Wohlfahrtsstaates war gleichsam strukturell in die Nachkriegsordnung des sogenannten eingebetteten Liberalismus (Ruggie 1982) eingeschrieben."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3377052942,"citingcorpusid":235718111,"citedcorpusid":44085054,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…populations of excitatory neurons in the VMH or PMv leads to a stimulation of aggression (Chen et al., 2020; Falkner et al., 2020; Lee et al., 2014; Stagkourakis et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2017), it might be expected that optogenetic activation of MeApd GABA neurons inhibits aggression, as we have…",", 2019), and further considering that optogenetic stimulation of specific populations of excitatory neurons in the VMH or PMv leads to a stimulation of aggression (Chen et al., 2020; Falkner et al., 2020; Lee et al., 2014; Stagkourakis et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2017), it might be expected that optogenetic activation of MeApd GABA neurons inhibits aggression, as we have observed with ChETA."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":3311970670,"citingcorpusid":233329953,"citedcorpusid":24412735,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["FSBM can substitute for 100% FM in Ictalurus punctatus diet, but the optimum substitution level was 25% (Li et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3311971069,"citingcorpusid":233329953,"citedcorpusid":91077990,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition to TLR3, MyD88 can be recruited by all TLR members to activate the downstream NF-κB signaling pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway (O’Neill and Bowie, 2007; Kawai and Akira, 2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":895165878,"citingcorpusid":5752625,"citedcorpusid":8164872,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although DIS may respond to conservative care [1], an EPL tendon rupture requires surgical intervention, underscoring the importance of timely and accurate diagnosis [7, 13].","At least 26 cases of DIS are identified in the English literature in non-rheumatoid patients [1, 4, 6, 7]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3885222594,"citingcorpusid":16212465,"citedcorpusid":6054681,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For conductors system, the capacitance extraction problem based on the BEM formulation is to solve the following integral equation [12]:","We remark that we have put less emphasis on the acceleration techniques during the extraction processes, such as the multiple-pole scheme [12]and the hierarchical methods [18], [22], using the more sophisticated iterative solvers such as general minimal residue (GMRES) [17], which actually are the key components of these methods.","Efficient capacitance extraction approaches by using the boundary element method (BEM) such as the fastCap [12], HiCap [18], and PHiCap"],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":585265374,"citingcorpusid":55238460,"citedcorpusid":1763924,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Bakteri asal makanan fermentasi yang menghasilkan enzim fibrinolitik diperoleh dari berbagai jenis makanan seperti Bacillus subtilis dari makanan natto [4], Bacillus subtilis DC33 dan Bacillus subtilis LD-8547 dari makanan Douchi [5,6] dan Bacillus sp.","Bakteri asal makanan fermentasi yang menghasilkan enzim fibrinolitik diperoleh dari berbagai jenis makanan seperti Bacillus subtilis dari makanan natto [4], Bacillus subtilis DC33 dan Bacillus subtilis LD-8547 dari makanan Douchi [5,6] dan Bacillus sp. strain CK 11-4 dari makanan Chungkook-Jang [7].","[6] C. T. Wang, B. P. Ji, B. L. R. Nout, P. L. Li, H. Ji, and L. F. Chen, Purification and characterization of a fibrinolytic enzyme of Bacillus subtilis DC33, isolated from Chinese traditional Douchi,” J. Ind. Microbiol."],"intents":[["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":3889368095,"citingcorpusid":109492631,"citedcorpusid":6054681,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The first fast integral equation solvers[ 3 ] were developed for the Laplace problems, as represented by the 1/r kemel in (I), and based on fast-multipole methods[20].","Much effort has been put into devising algorithms that can perform operations with the dense matrices arising in integral-equation methods in an efficient, implicit manner[ 3 ,4,5]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2151523902,"citingcorpusid":147364317,"citedcorpusid":60305346,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2151523844,"citingcorpusid":147364317,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[Orliac, 2012] propose dans ses travaux sur les jeux pédagogiques en réalité mixte (JPRM) de faciliter le processus de spécification de Learning Games, notamment à l’aide d’une extension de spécification pédagogique, d’un modèle des tâches détaillé ainsi que d’une spécification pédagogique prenant…"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3748335898,"citingcorpusid":249086039,"citedcorpusid":53646303,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…kerangka kuliah yang cenderung normatif dan teoritis (Paletta & Fiorin, 2016), porsi pembelajaran yang minim serta etos pendidikan yang menurun (Gleeson, 2015), dan pendefinisian pendidikan kurang sistematis dan kurang mendalam secara konseptual (Moog, 2016)\nDi sisi lain, banyak perubahan…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2682722602,"citingcorpusid":5202181,"citedcorpusid":119490569,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Gonzalez et al. (2001) observed ι Hor with the CTIO 1.5 m with the fiber-fed echelle spectrograph.","We expect a value between 0.11, as given by Fischer & Valenti (2005) and 0.19, as given by Gonzalez et al. (2001).","Overmetallic models OM1 and OM2 and accretion models AC1 and AC2 lie in the Fischer & Valentini (2005) and Gonzalez et al. (2001) error boxes.","Three different groups of observers have determined the metallicity and external parameters (Teff, log g) of ι Hor: Gonzalez et al. (2001); Santos et al. (2004), and Fischer & Valenti (2005) (see Table 1).","We gathered the various determinations of the observable parameters for this star, as given by several observing groups: Gonzalez et al. (2001), Santos et al. (2004), and Fischer & Valenti (2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2941179754,"citingcorpusid":7371088,"citedcorpusid":35258104,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["coli recovered from clinical samples (4, 19, 22, 30, 31) and ground beef (12).","(12) and Karch and Meyer (22) for non-O157:H7 strains.","(12), purified, and labelled with digoxigenin (DIG)-dUTP (DIG-dUTP:dTTP ratio, 1:19) (Boehringer Mannheim Canada Ltd."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1512633649,"citingcorpusid":95890469,"citedcorpusid":30331619,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…terminal groups, low viscosity, and interchain entanglement, exhibits broad perspective applications in additives, macromolecular building blocks, and heavy metal ions adsorption (Gao and Yan 2004; Ma et al. 2009; Rehim et al. 2010; Ibrahim et al. 2010; Li et al. 2011; Ibrahim et al. 2012).","In recent years, hyperbranched polymer, with novel three dimensional dentritic structure, high density of functional terminal groups, low viscosity, and interchain entanglement, exhibits broad perspective applications in additives, macromolecular building blocks, and heavy metal ions adsorption (Gao and Yan 2004; Ma et al. 2009; Rehim et al. 2010; Ibrahim et al. 2010; Li et al. 2011; Ibrahim et al. 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3098510207,"citingcorpusid":221240157,"citedcorpusid":7768038,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, dietary myristic acid is also reported to be able to increase the tissue content of C20:5 n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acids, EPA) and C20:3 n-6 (polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA), which are essential fatty acids for human health [67]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4054678725,"citingcorpusid":256557090,"citedcorpusid":83541238,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Three SSR markers associated with Pm16 on short arm of wheat chromosome 5BS in F2 population (Chancellor’(susceptible) 9 ’70,281’(resistant)) (Chen et al. 2005), whereas Pm17 was nearly mapped with RFLP marker Xiag95 on short arm of Secale cereale chromosome 1RS (Hsam et al. 2000).","Pm16: Genetic map created with three SSR markers associated with Pm16 on short arm of wheat chromosome 5BS (Chen et al. 2005), Pm17: Pm17 was nearly mapped with RFLP marker Xiag95 on short arm of S. cereale chromosome 1RS (Hsam et al. 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":877745004,"citingcorpusid":24983854,"citedcorpusid":83541238,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The most common breeding strategy for resistance to powdery mildew in wheat has been the use of qualitative (race-speciWc) resistance conferring hypersensitive foliar reactions (Chen et al. 2005; Huang and Röder 2004)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":52100548,"citingcorpusid":1681518,"citedcorpusid":38476791,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For this reason we evaluated the robustness of our results by performing an influence analysis [21].","Heterogeneity among n included studies was visually evaluated plotting sensitivity and specificity on a ROC graph, and separately tested by the Chi-square test using n21 degree of freedom [21]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1706156598,"citingcorpusid":208629976,"citedcorpusid":9103985,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Con respecto a los factores de carga de los motores auxiliares, al no depender directamente de la velocidad de la embarcación, estos fueron tomados de fuentes secundarias Nunes et al., 2017a [16].","Al igual que con las calderas, el TMFB no reportó el tipo de combustible utilizado por las embarcaciones, por lo que, la estimación de emisiones se trabajó con el escenario presentado por los autores Nunes et al., 2017a, EEA-EMEP, 2016 y Entec, 2010, [16], [17], [22].","5, HC, MNVOC, CO2, CO, CH4 y N2O) se realizó por medio de las siguientes ecuaciones adaptadas del estudio de la agencia ambiental europea (EEA) del 2016 [17] y de diversos autores que se presentan a continuación en las ecuaciones (2), (3), (4), [1], [2], [8], [16], [8], [18].","Al igual que Nunes et al., 2017a [16], la operación de estas solo fue considerada durante las operaciones de maniobra y atraque.","Significativamente por debajo a los asumidos por Nunes et al., 2017a [16]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4111485856,"citingcorpusid":258689529,"citedcorpusid":215804282,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["They found that 88% of patients had their Lenke-Silva classification changed, and significant improvement and well-maintained spinopelvic parameters like PI-LL, PT, and SVA were seen [37]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2331536816,"citingcorpusid":42550914,"citedcorpusid":3302152,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Alternatively, it is possible that insula activity is more critical for situational aspects of insight (rather than generalized at rest), such as the awareness of interoceptive and external craving cues (see Naqvi et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2856579262,"citingcorpusid":220746669,"citedcorpusid":129789406,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["been observed in other cores at this site (26, 27)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2856579244,"citingcorpusid":220746669,"citedcorpusid":49713350,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Using label incorporation (7, 15, 16, 46, 51, 52), or tracking slow growth in a mixed population","Growth of clades common to subsurface environments, such as Chloroflexi, Bathyarchaeota, and Thaumarchaeota, has been shown by uptake of 13C-labeled organic and inorganic carbon in freshwater sediments (15) and oxygenated deep-sea sediments (16).","substrate incorporation measurements (7, 15, 16).","Label incorporation in some of these clades has been shown to occur over only a few weeks (15, 16), and cell increases over a few months (50) under incubation experiments shows that even PDNC may have the ability to speed up under the right growth conditions."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":4007739720,"citingcorpusid":254679600,"citedcorpusid":203404059,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Their structures were established by spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR) and spectrometric analysis and by comparison with the literature data as a mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol (1 and 2) [14], β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) [15], lupeol (4) [16], apigenin-7-Oβ-D-glucopyranoside (5) [17], isomacarangin (6) [6], kaempferol (7) [18], quercetin (8) [18]; schweinfurthin O (9) [8], schweinfurthin B (10) [19], ellagic acid (11) [11], 3,4-methylenedioxy3′-O-methylellagic (12) [20], 3,3′,4-tri-O-methylellagic acid 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (13) [21], 3,3′,4′-tri-O-methylellagic acid (14) [22], (5R,6R)-4,6-dihydrocarbonyl-5-[2′,3′,4′-trihydroxy-6′(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (15) [23], methyl brocchllin carboxylate (16) [24], and ishigoside (17) [25].","indica [18]; ellagic acid (11) was found in M."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1093216805,"citingcorpusid":86259252,"citedcorpusid":38903300,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["TGF-β1 and its isoforms (TGF-β2 and TGF-β3) are synthesized by a variety of cells including all cell types, and are secreted as latent precursors (latent TGF-β1) complexed with latent TGF-β binding proteins (LTBP) (Wang et al., 2005; Roberts, 1998)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1863018832,"citingcorpusid":214725782,"citedcorpusid":464618,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1593924004,"citingcorpusid":113163178,"citedcorpusid":16055330,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["By revising terms of social forces, unrealistic collision avoidance behavior and/or oscillations of collisions is reduced [4, 11, 20, 26].","1, many modifications have been made on the social force model [4, 10, 11, 16, 19, 20, 22, 26].","Many modifications and extensions have been made [4, 10, 11, 16, 19, 20, 22, 26]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":565966796,"citingcorpusid":55446178,"citedcorpusid":154837849,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It may be useful to consider in this context the so-called STO model (Van de Velde 1999), a framework which defines three separate roles in public transport\n32 nd Australasian Transport Research Forum Page 7\nprocurement: strategic, tactical and operational."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3852686355,"citingcorpusid":26371960,"citedcorpusid":23196571,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A novel and intriguing observation in PV has been the isolation and characterization of the polycythemia rubra vera-1 gene (PRV-I) by Dr. Pahl and colleagues [ 54 ]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2732017607,"citingcorpusid":144122268,"citedcorpusid":144816359,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1029619528,"citingcorpusid":23584774,"citedcorpusid":3078057,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Here, a note of caution is warranted because in some systems the immune stimulating activity of HSP has been shown to be due to contaminating microbial molecules (50); (iii) Certain of the S100 family of proteins, which stimulate cytokine production and chemotaxis in vitro (51, 52).","Similarly, the stimulatory activity of some HSP has been attributed to microbial contaminants (50)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3328693903,"citingcorpusid":233899841,"citedcorpusid":18944778,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2825902682,"citingcorpusid":85945976,"citedcorpusid":33770548,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Infected oligochaetes can carry the infection to second and third paratenic hosts that mink feed on (Mace and Anderson, 1975; Measures and Anderson, 1985).","Lumbriculus variegatus, an oligochaete, is believed to be the only intermediate host required by Dioctophyma renale before infecting mink (Karmanova 1959, 1960, 1962; vide Mace and Anderson, 1975).","Because D. renale can be fatal (Graves, 1937; Meyer and Witter, 1950; Mace and Anderson, 1975), this information may allow a better understanding of mink population dynamics and ecology.","The nematode Dioctophyma renale (Goeze, 1782) infects the kidneys of wild mink (Mustela vison) in many areas (Woodhead and McNeil, 1939; Sealander, 1943a; Hallberg, 1953; Schacher and Faust, 1956; Miller and Harkema, 1964; Crichton and Urban, 1970; Fyvie, 1971; Mace and Anderson, 1975; Jorde, 1980)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1076111767,"citingcorpusid":121378638,"citedcorpusid":18635851,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Embedding such a tool within related applied systems play pivot roles in the manipulation of sentence elements, out of these systems are information extraction, in Ontology relations selection (predicate) [4], in lexicon and dictionary, in machine translation [5], [6], in subjectverb agreement and object-verb agreement, in verb movement, in verb sense disambiguation, Arabic spell checking, diacritizing ( ) and so forth."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":122687842,"citingcorpusid":10556772,"citedcorpusid":18635851,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In [2], the authors grouped Arabic words with a number of their association relations such as synonym, antonym, hypernym, hyponym, meronym, and holonym in an Arabic ontology called Azhary, which is contrasted against the Arabic WordNet (AWN), while the work in [3] improved some of the weaknesses in the AWN by adding some of the missing words and some semantic relationships between their synsets."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2920814553,"citingcorpusid":149014207,"citedcorpusid":144218884,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Prornoting tolerance in anti-homophobia education, as explored in the\n11\nwork of Michael Stevenson (1988), is a response to the fact that few adults accept homosexuality.","(50) According to Stevenson (1988,50), \"promoting tolerance focuses on positive change, and it must corne before acceptance can be gained\".","Croteau, James and Michael Kusek."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3126539444,"citingcorpusid":225097152,"citedcorpusid":28620924,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["During the last decades a drive for thinness [4] as well as an increasing prevalence of obesity [5] and metabolic syndrome [6] have been observed."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3605782889,"citingcorpusid":233391273,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Another problem is corrosion or crusting due to poor water quality (Ayers and Westcot 1985).","decomposed minerals and salts mix with groundwater, increasing the amount of Na, Mg, Cl, EC, and TDS in the water (Ayers and Westcot 1985; Lloyd and Heathcote 1985; Bozdağ 2015).","…water\n50.1–100 Good water\n100.1–200 Poor water\n200.1–300 Very poor water\n300.1< Water unsuitable for drinking purposes\ndecomposed minerals and salts mix with groundwater, increasing the amount of Na, Mg, Cl, EC, and TDS in the water (Ayers and Westcot 1985; Lloyd and Heathcote 1985; Bozdağ 2015).","Table 4 Irrigation water quality criteria classification and assigned weights of all criteria (Ayers and Westcot 1985) Hazard Weight Criteria Weight Criteria Subcriteria Weight","(4):\nWQI ¼ ∑SIi ð4Þ\nIrrigation water quality index\nIn this study, the parameters and limit values used to evaluate the irrigation water quality were determined taking into account the guidelines prepared and suggested by Ayers and Westcot (1985)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3605782854,"citingcorpusid":233391273,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Water quality index (WQI) is defined as a numerical expression that shows the effect of each of the water quality parameters on the overall water quality for human consumption (Singh 1992; Edmunds et al. 2002; Sahu and Sikdar 2008; Yidana and Yidana 2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1146432898,"citingcorpusid":158738374,"citedcorpusid":147418728,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Williams notes that Australia’s failure to uphold these standards is far worse than John Howard’s statement “we’ve had our blemishes and we’ve made our errors”, and in reality reflects an ongoing weakness in our democratic system as the nation falls far behind standards upheld by nations such as Canada and New Zealand (Williams, 2007).","This inconsistency in policy is a reflection of Australia’s weak democratic structure, as the legal system so often fails to protect Australians from the violation of their fundamental rights (Williams, 2007).","Although the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination found that the policy had a \"racially discriminatory impact” there was no legislation to force Australia to comply, indicating that the Declaration on Human Rights failed to protect Indigenous Peoples (Williams, 2007).","…to uphold these standards is far worse than John Howard’s statement “we’ve had our blemishes and we’ve made our errors”, and in reality reflects an ongoing weakness in our democratic system as the nation falls far behind standards upheld by nations such as Canada and New Zealand (Williams, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3981947516,"citingcorpusid":253599932,"citedcorpusid":41815547,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In [2,5,16], it was shown that positive semidefiniteness, (RG), and the variety condition solve the quadratic and quartic moment problems.","It is known that TRMP and TCMP are equivalent via a unitary transformation [5], and hence we have the freedom to share all the techniques developed for both versions.","In [5], it is shown that the existence of representing measures for TCMP is invariant under an invertible degree-one transformation; for TRMP, we"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1133752482,"citingcorpusid":151741520,"citedcorpusid":141397705,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Yoga is continuing to become a more mainstream technique used to help individuals improve their ability to concentrate (Hopkins, Perlman, Hechtman & Weiss, 1979), to relax (Angus, 1989) and may help students with test anxiety, which can help"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1554486349,"citingcorpusid":1421781,"citedcorpusid":72407455,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In human pregnancies compromised by FGR, clinical assessment of human uterine arterial function using Doppler ultrasound has demonstrated aberrant vascular function [21], consistent with the altered vascular reactivity observed in vitro in chorionic plate and myometrial vessels [22,23]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2926890778,"citingcorpusid":18471612,"citedcorpusid":37700271,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The important surprising feature of the weak value is that it might be far away from the range of the eigenvalues, for example, the weak value of kinetic energy might be negative, see Aharonov et al. (1993).","e “weak value”. The important surprising feature of the weak value is that it might be far away from the range of the eigenvalues, for example, the weak value of kinetic energy might be negative, see Aharonov et al. (1993). The weak value is, in general, a complex number. The (almost) standard measurement procedure with a weakened coupling yields the real part of the weak value. The imaginary part can be measured too b"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1839810918,"citingcorpusid":139076636,"citedcorpusid":110218263,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Literature survey have found studies done by others such as water flowing under flat plate collector [6,7], open tank experiment [7], water flowing openly over solar collector [8], thermosyphon heat pipe radiator cooling [9], roof pond experiment [10,11], converted flat plate solar collectors [11], thermal absorber with water pipes numerical analysis [12], hybrid nocturnal radiative cooling and direct evaporative cooling test [13], piped nocturnal radiator with phase change material (PCM) [14], solar water heater absorber test [15] and others."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":617068123,"citingcorpusid":58849123,"citedcorpusid":95739699,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Stability is influenced by solvent screening and other ions, and by entropic effects (Sponer et al., 2001; Petrov et al., 2002; Gresh et al., 2003; Rulisek and Sponer, 2003; Petrov et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1847507773,"citingcorpusid":5831616,"citedcorpusid":12476030,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Further, a few animal studies demonstrate negative effects on the skeletal system, such as malformations and delayed ossification, associated with exposure to BPA and some phthalates (Ema et al. 1994; Kim et al. 2001; Saillenfait et al. 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":319128713,"citingcorpusid":2685106,"citedcorpusid":45641561,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…has a label (a code symbol); and 3) there is a directed path from the initial state to the final state with a label sequence if and only if is a codeword in A trellis diagram for is said to be minimal if the number of states at each time of the trellis (or at the end of each section) is minimum [2].","A minimal trellis is unique within graph isomorphism [2]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1209886582,"citingcorpusid":195957297,"citedcorpusid":145264630,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["With such a broad context, SS teachers often rely on standard textbooks to facilitate content mastery (Bouck et al., 2009; Connore & Lagares, 2007; Ellis,1993; Okolo et al., 2006, 2007; Passe & Beattie, 1994).","Students with disabilities may find SGE SS content challenging because many assignments require students to access the textbook (Connore & Lagares, 2007).","The researcher added the lesson plan analysis to SS because traditionally, SGE SS courses have been text based (Bouck et al., 2009; Connore & Lagares, 2007; Ellis,1993; Okolo et al., 2006, 2007; Passe & Beattie, 1994), and crafting a lesson plan was judged to be a reasonable application of…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3449522186,"citingcorpusid":88496328,"citedcorpusid":6159685,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The authors in [22] investigated the rate performance of RSMA at millimeter wave.","Based on [21] and [22], the work in [23] studied the energy efficiency of the RSMA and NOMA schemes in a millimeter wave downlink transmission","Although the use of SCA and the first-order Taylor series to deal with the optimization problem is not new, we use SCA to joint optimize the beamforming and rate allocation while the works in [20]–[22] only optimized the beamforming for MISO RSMA with fixed rate allocation."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":17357151,"citingcorpusid":3868447,"citedcorpusid":39539358,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, as the infection outcome depends on the combinatorial effect of specific genotypes on both sides [11], even certain allopatric hosts can be less resistant than certain sympatric ones [4]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2747933423,"citingcorpusid":18912694,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The design and development of new motors' constructions as also new requiremnents concerning nmotors pcrfornance (e.g. concerning level of the noise, cogging torque etc.) require an application of the numerical methods [2]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1160921888,"citingcorpusid":133299528,"citedcorpusid":130693008,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…al. 1986; Whalen et al. 1987; King et al. 1997); (3) anatexis of undeplated I-type tonalitic crustal sources (Sylvester 1989; Creaser et al. 1991; Skjerlie and Johnston 1992; Patino-Douce 1997); (4) hybridization between anatectic granitic and mantle-derived mafic magmas(Kerr and Fryer 1993;…","(Sylvester 1989; Creaser et al. 1991; Skjerlie and Johnston 1992; Patino-Douce 1997); (4) hybridization between anatectic granitic and mantle-derived mafic magmas(Kerr and Fryer 1993; Wickham et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1574621313,"citingcorpusid":140575789,"citedcorpusid":129045118,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The combinations of land use or vegetation types had substantial effects on soil water content dynamics in arid and semi-arid regions (Ruiz-Sinoga et al., 2011; Valentin et al., 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1078653324,"citingcorpusid":119633462,"citedcorpusid":120506481,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For any given finite simple graph, a polynomial system whose solutions corresponded to independent sets of size k was originally formulated by L´aszl´o Lov´asz [22], but other articles have studied the problem algebraically [20, 28]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1065366781,"citingcorpusid":119736867,"citedcorpusid":119341258,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A convergent semi-Lagrangian scheme is introduced in [6] for equations of eikonal type."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":145600661,"citingcorpusid":3942108,"citedcorpusid":36795177,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["One study showed increased proximal tubular expression of Wnt4 after ischemia reperfusion (I/R) [30], a classic model of rodent AKI.","Proximal tubules with Wnt/β-catenin activity also stained for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) 24 h after I/R, indicating that these were actively dividing cells [30].","In LLC-PK1 cells, augmenting Wnt/β-catenin activity increased cell cycle progression and was associated with increased activity of cyclin D1, which promotes progression from G1 to S phase [30]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2895989936,"citingcorpusid":136090014,"citedcorpusid":93888973,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Cashion and Ricketts [69] detected MgSO4 and MgO, but no MgS on the surface film when testing the protective performance of SO2 with different diluent gases in an unsealed environment.","Cashion, S.P., N.J. Ricketts, and P.C. Hayes, Characterisation of protective surface films formed\non molten magnesium protected by air/SF6 atmospheres.","Ricketts, N.J. and S.P. Cashion, Hydrofluorocarbons as a replacement for sulphur hexafluoride\nin magnesium processing.","Cashion, S. and N. Ricketts, The use of SO2 as a cover gas for molten magnesium.","3 SO2 Sulphur dioxide was one of the first gases applied in protecting liquid magnesium without the use of solid fluxes [69].","Cashion, S.P., N.J. Ricketts, and P.C. Hayes, The mechanism of protection of molten\nmagnesium by cover gas mixtures containing sulphur hexafluoride."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":828869863,"citingcorpusid":1616380,"citedcorpusid":32464212,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Instead, an aspect that seems relevant is the high percentage of cases that showed severe or very severe ossification by Brooker classification (38 %), with a variable incidence reported in the literature [7] between 3 and 55 % (Fig.","However, the role of some inflammatory pathologies (above all, hypertrophic osteoarthritis) as predictive factors for HO has been well documented in the literature [7]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2485879644,"citingcorpusid":25502034,"citedcorpusid":19094689,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Treatment of high-molecular-weight oligomeric dsDNA with MNU is believed to give the following methylation damage: 67% 7meG, 9% 3meA, 6.3% O6-G, 1.2% 7meA, 1.3% 1meA, 0.8% 3meG and 0.6% 3meC (Beranek et al., 1980)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3384849820,"citingcorpusid":236146567,"citedcorpusid":71145616,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Regulated by the freshwater influx, water residence time, and the frequency and duration of the opening, materials received and produced within the lagoon remain accumulated and biomagnified, posing severe threats to ecological stability (Isaji et al. 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":129243693,"citingcorpusid":24308809,"citedcorpusid":22691656,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Tong et al [12] designed a SAR ADC which resulted a switching energy reduction and total capacitance by 97.7 and 87.5% respectively while Ding et al [13] developed a novel low energy capacitor switching technique achieving a power savings of 99.9%.","5% respectively while Ding et al [13] developed a novel low energy capacitor switching technique achieving a power savings of 99."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1074798029,"citingcorpusid":128298183,"citedcorpusid":170550477,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The National Playing Fields Association claim that as many as 300 school playing fields are under threat and some schools have no green areas whatsoever (Hoyles, 1994, 11). Set against this, Hoyles (1994) notes the beginnings of a movement to re-make old connections between the public and the private spaces of the private garden and the public park."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":914360452,"citingcorpusid":21743966,"citedcorpusid":31928233,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Other a few examinations have likewise demonstrated the solid positive family history of T2DM [24-25].","Another examination demonstrated T2DM patients giving DKA were activated by obvious inclining variables, for example, a genuine contamination [24]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":914360796,"citingcorpusid":21743966,"citedcorpusid":8630260,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This was confirmed by the other comparable investigations [3, 32].","Numerous researchers have discovered that patients with T2DM were helpless to ketosis or ketoacidosis under extraordinary hyperglycemia [3-4]."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":577373578,"citingcorpusid":55718578,"citedcorpusid":16441870,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Since our interest is to study connections and interdependences that are responsible for the contagion phenomena that might lead to financial crises, then, in Sections 4 and 5, we shall apply the definitions and results that are presented here to the case of financial volatilities. In principle, as shown by Diebold and Yilmaz (2014), an LVDN can be estimated via classical VAR estimation."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3799134513,"citingcorpusid":25482683,"citedcorpusid":44569028,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the ActRIIB structure, the bound adenine has a considerably different orientation from that of the adenine moiety of ATP observed in other kinase structures (Nighton et al. 1991)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3799134589,"citingcorpusid":25482683,"citedcorpusid":42400554,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…the interaction of myostatin with ActRIIB will induce skeletal muscle hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy (Kambadur et al. 1997; McPherron et al. 1997; Zhu et al. 2000; Reprint requests to: Seungil Han, Pfizer, Inc., Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA;…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2136985933,"citingcorpusid":151008950,"citedcorpusid":53599087,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Hence, future studies using a quantitative research design can consider a mediational analysis (Hayes, 2009) to test the relationships among them."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3994497141,"citingcorpusid":18049431,"citedcorpusid":130927863,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The landscape transformation\nis driven by several factors such as policies and markets at the national or global levels (Schroth et al. 2004; Asare et al. 2009; Clough et al. 2009; Pacheco et al. 2010; Tscharntke et al. 2011).","is driven by several factors such as policies and markets at the national or global levels (Schroth et al. 2004; Asare et al. 2009; Clough et al. 2009; Pacheco et al. 2010; Tscharntke et al. 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":162038868,"citingcorpusid":34210992,"citedcorpusid":34433887,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In the same study, survival curves showed that time to fi rst relapse is longer for IBD patients infected with HIV [1].","Th e largest Table 3 Characteristics of HIV infection and HIV infection course of patients in eligible studies First author Publication year Reported risk factor(s) for HIV exposure HIV treatment reported HIV complications/ outcome reported Case controls Viazis [1], 2009 No Yes No Sharpstone [2], 1996 Yes No Yes Case series Pospai [3], 1998 Yes No* Yes Yoshida [4], 1996 Yes No Yes Case reports Bongiovanni [5], 2006 Yes No treatment was administered No Lautenbach [6], 1997 Yes Yes No Christ [7], 1996 Yes No Yes Bernstein [8], 1994 Yes No No Sturgess [9], 1992 Yes Yes No Bernstein [10], 1991 Yes No Yes James [11], 1988 Yes No No Liebowitz [12], 1986 Yes No Yes Dhar [13], 1984 Yes No Yes *Zidovudine was reported as treatment for 1 patient HIV, human immunodeficiency virus Table 4 CD4 count IBD remission hypothesis for patients in eligible studies First author Publication year IBD remission reported CD4 count remission hypothesis supported CD4 cut off Case controls Viazis [1], 2009 Yes Yes ≤500 cells/μL Sharpstone [2], 1996 Yes Yes ≤200 cells/mm3 Case series Pospai [3], 1998 Yes No/ unclear No Yoshida [4], 1996 Yes Yes No Case reports Bongiovanni [5], 2006 No No NA Lautenbach [6], 1997 No No NA Christ [7], 1996 No No NA Bernstein [8], 1994 No No NA Sturgess [9], 1992 No No NA Bernstein [10], 1991 No No NA James [11], 1988 Yes No No Liebowitz [12], 1986 No NA NA Dhar [13], 1984 ND ND ND IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; NA, non applicable; ND, no data","Annals of Gastroenterology 28 Table 2 Characteristics of IBD and IBD course of patients in eligible studies First author Publication year Patients Criteria for IBD diagnosis IBD distribution reported IBD treatment reported IBD complications / outcome reported IBD relapse defi nition Surgery / hospitalization due to IBD relapse Case controls Viazis [1], 2009 14 CD /6 UC Control group: 28 CD/12 UC Symptoms Laboratory tests Radiology Endoscopy Histology Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Sharpstone [2], 1996 2 CD /6 UC Histopathology† No Yes Yes Yes Yes Case series Pospai [3], 1998 4 CD Symptoms# Radiology# Endoscopy# Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yoshida [4], 1996 1 CD /4 UC /1 IC* Endoscopy Histology No Yes Yes§ No Yes§ Case reports Bongiovanni [5], 2006 CD Symptoms Laboratory tests Endoscopy Yes Yes Yes No Yes","CD4 count-related IBD remission hypothesis Remission was described for patients with IBD and HIV infection in 5 studies, including case-control studies [1,2], case series [3,4], and one case report.","Annals of Gastroenterology 28\nViazis et al [1] compared IBD activity in 20 IBD patients infected with HIV with a matched group (2 controls per case) of 40 IBD patients without HIV.","Table 1 Characteristics of patients in eligible studies First author Publication year Country Research center type Sample size Age Gender (Male /Female) Type of fi rst diagnosis Time of second diagnosis Case controls Viazis [1] 2009, Greece Gastroenterology Internal Medicine Infectious Diseases Cases: 20 Controls: 40 Cases: Mean 38 y Controls: Mean 41 y Cases: 18 M /2 F Controls: 36 M /4 F No data No data Sharpstone [2] 1996, UK HIV Center (Kobler Center) Cases: 8 Controls: 8 Mean 35 y 8 M IBD (3 patients/ HIV (5 patients) 3 y later on average Case series Pospai [3] 1998, France, Belgium Gastroenterology Internal Medicine 4 Mean 17 y 3 M /1 F IBD Range 4-21 y later Yoshida [4] 1996, Canada Medicine Pathology 6 Range 31-49 y 6 M IBD (2 patients)/ HIV (4 patients) No data* Case reports Bongiovanni [5] 2006, Italy Infectious Diseases Pathology 1 39 y F HIV 1 m later Lautenbach [6] 1997, USA Gastroenterology Internal Medicine 1 30 y M HIV 7 y later Christ [7] 1996, Switzerland Gastroenterology Pathology 1 41 y M IBD 1 y later Bernstein [8] 1994, USA Gastroenterology Pathology 1 48 y M HIV 5 y later Sturgess [9] 1992, UK Nuclear Medicine Hematology Pathology 1 44 y M HIV 5 y later Bernstein [10] 1991, USA Gastroenterology 1 35 y M IBD and HIV Same period for both diagnoses James [11] 1988, USA Immunology Allergy and Infectious Diseases 1 38 y M IBD 18 y later Liebowitz [12] 1986, USA No data 1 40 y M IBD 14 y later Dhar [13] 1984, UK Medicine 1 37 y M HIV 1 y later IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; y, year(s); CD, Crohn’s disease; UC, ulcerative colitis; M, male; F, female; IC, indeterminate colitis, *Yoshida 1996, provided time of second diagnosis for one of the patients only (4 years later)","Viazis et al defi ned IBD relapse as necessity for surgery or clinical recurrence, as assessed by an experienced clinician based on clinical features of diarrhea, abdominal pain, general well-being, weight loss, and infl ammatory parameters hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, white cell count, and platelets.","Annals of Gastroenterology 28 Viazis et al [1] compared IBD activity in 20 IBD patients infected with HIV with a matched group (2 controls per case) of 40 IBD patients without HIV.","Th ere are some case series [1-4] and a few case reports [5-13] of IBD in individuals infected with HIV.","Clinical studies hypothesized that a progressive decline in CD4 count caused by HIV may reduce IBD disease activity and contribute to remission [1-4,11,13].","Specifi cally, Viazis et al [1], claimed that a 21-year (1988-2009) IBD database review of more than 1,600  patients revealed 20  patients with IBD and coexisting HIV.","However, these IBD relapse rates were relatively low in these patients as compared to other studies [1].","HIV infection results in a wide range of clinical consequences from an asymptomatic stage to life-threatening opportunistic diseases [1]."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,["background"],null,null,null,["methodology"],["background"],["background"],null,["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2369167732,"citingcorpusid":30322618,"citedcorpusid":3752814,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Based on the findings of pharmacokinetic investigations, a series of trials have assessed the potential clinical impact of PPI-altered activity of antiplatelet drugs (Aradi et al, 2012; Garc ıa Rodr ıguez et al, 2013, 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1630094860,"citingcorpusid":174797956,"citedcorpusid":15331114,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["cal string theories in which the Nekrasov instanton partition function is obtained as a topological strings amplitude [27]. Indeed, these amplitudes are computed using the (refined) topological vertex [28, 68, 69] that was identified in [38] with an intertwiner between certain modules of the Ding-Iohara-Miki algebra [30, 31], also known as the quantum toroidal algebra of gl(1). This intertwiner is in fact the t"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":968432274,"citingcorpusid":73699564,"citedcorpusid":154728448,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Serlenga and Shin (2004); Rault, Sova and Ana Sova (2007); Mitze (2010) found that liberalization within EU tends to lower prices through increased competition and the removal of barriers to the mobility of goods leads to an increase in trade flows within the commodity. However, the role of the EU in the study by Bastos and Silva (2010) changing from positive to negative and insignificant to Portugal exports towards firm-fixed effect, product-fixed effect and firm-product fixed effects implies that productivity of firms frame the export pattern.","Serlenga and Shin (2004); Rault, Sova and Ana Sova (2007); Mitze (2010) found that liberalization within EU tends to lower prices through increased competition and the removal of barriers to the mobility of goods leads to an increase in trade flows within the commodity."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":991363388,"citingcorpusid":74291298,"citedcorpusid":10235198,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["9%) of the genome with minimal amplification (Barker et al. 2004; Dean et al. 2002; Pinard et al. 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1817594050,"citingcorpusid":212444612,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Balamurugan et al [1] has studied the Computer aided Modeling and Optimization of crankshaft and compare the fatigue performance of two competing manufacturing technologies for automotive crankshafts, namely forged steel and ductile cast iron.","C.M. Balamurugan et al [1] has studied the Computer aided Modeling and Optimization of crankshaft and compare the fatigue performance of two competing manufacturing technologies for automotive crankshafts, namely forged steel and ductile cast iron."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2622384575,"citingcorpusid":14292270,"citedcorpusid":18472677,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…contact sites, where the outer and inner membranes are closely apposed and protein translocation across the two membranes takes place ( Donzeau et al. 2000 ; Vogel et al., 2006 ), and (c) recruitment of the TIM23 complex to the TOM40 complex by their possible transient interactions (…","The former was proposed to involve penetration of the N-terminal 50 residues of Tim23 into the outer membrane ( Donzeau et al. 2000 ; Vogel et al., 2006 ; Popov- Č eleketi ć et al., 2008 ), although such a role of Tim23 was questioned by others ( Chacinska et al., 2003 ).","S4 A, available at http://www.jcb.org/cgi/ content/full/jcb.200808068/DC1) as in the case of N-terminal 50-residue deletion of Tim23 ( Donzeau et al., 2000 ).","We assessed possible effects of tim23 or tim50 mutations on the N-terminal interactions of Tim23 with the outer membrane by analyzing accessibility of the N terminus of Tim23 to the externally added protease ( Donzeau et al., 2000 ; Yamamoto et al., 2002 )."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2657060090,"citingcorpusid":53458744,"citedcorpusid":89056864,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Understory shrubs also usurp resources made available by canopy gaps, reducing tree regeneration (Phillips and Murdy 1985, Nakashizuka 1989, Clinton et al. 1994, Beckage et al. 2000)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2733037516,"citingcorpusid":2618712,"citedcorpusid":9530014,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Roesler and colleagues also found that mPrP / mice exhibited normal performance in several\nbehavioral tasks including short- and long-term fear-motivated\nmemory, anxiety, and exploratory behavior (Roesler et al., 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3739815903,"citingcorpusid":235377387,"citedcorpusid":121422819,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Let (Gn)n≥0\nbe a growing family of finite graphs that exhaust G in the sense of (Mohar 1982, Definition 4.1) and (Mugnolo 2013, Definition 3.3) and consider the problem of finding φn such that\nφ′n + L Gnγ,κφn + ∑\nv∈Vn μ(v)j′n(φn(v)) = f, (6.2)\nwhere jn is a mollification of j."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2543989465,"citingcorpusid":115458781,"citedcorpusid":121422819,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Following Mohar’s adjacency operator for undirected graphs in [ 20 ], Fujii et al. [12] defined the adjacency operator A D A.G/ for a directed graph G as the closed operator with the domain","The adjacency operator for graphs was introduced by Mohar [ 20 ] for an undirected case and then by Fujii et al. [12] for a general case."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":4042767076,"citingcorpusid":256041086,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This approach becomes extremely useful for near extremal black holes in higher dimensions with nonabelian gauge fields [80, 81]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1228957140,"citingcorpusid":195218605,"citedcorpusid":120496106,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Waldschmidt [Wal77], [Wal87], and a quantity coming directly from pluripotential theory.","It is a result of Waldschmidt ([Wal87], Lemma 1.","More precisely, by using a Schwarz’ Lemma for finite sets ([Mor80], [Wal87]) and a generalization of a result in [Niv95], we prove in section 2.","2 The singular degree of a finite set The singular degree of S introduced by Waldschmidt [Wal87] (see also [Chu81]) is an affine invariant in connection with the Nagata conjecture.","On the other hand, according to a Schwarz’ Lemma (Moreau [Mor80], Waldschmidt [Wal87] p."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3419389489,"citingcorpusid":237248646,"citedcorpusid":16592893,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide (Szymańska & Winnicka 2015) and a cationic polymer, has been shown to increase cell uptake (Li et al. 2013, Zhang et al. 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2618611297,"citingcorpusid":167469524,"citedcorpusid":145410880,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However, executives often rely so heavily on this fund of shared-knowledge or values that they are more prone to emphasize information that is congruent with core group beliefs, regardless of whether the information is objectively accurate (Brown 1999; Golant and Sillince 2007).","As stated previously, CMOs are likely to gain acquiescence and initial\nlegitimization from the collective by highlighting discretionary control over vital resources and insights (Golant and Sillince 2007).","Legitimacy therefore implies justification which lies beyond the scope\nof the CMO’s questioning and establishes a set of commonsense categories or scripts that rationalize the organization’s beliefs (Golant and Sillince 2007, p. 1150)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3499985977,"citingcorpusid":237665179,"citedcorpusid":145410880,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This allows the audience to develop high expectations of the reliability and superiority of the service (Golant & Sillince, 2007; Suddaby et al., 2017).","Normative legitimacy focuses on the societal impact of the service rather than an evaluation of means and ends (Golant & Sillince, 2007).","Services that have pragmatic legitimacy are perceived to be representatives of one’s interests (Golant & Sillince, 2007).","Alignment between the service offerings and the interests of targeted audience is critical to attain pragmatic legitimacy (Golant & Sillince, 2007; Lounsbury & Glynn, 2001).","A service is seen to have normative legitimacy when it complies with societal values (Golant & Sillince, 2007) and institutional working practices (Davies & Prince, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3989813593,"citingcorpusid":254006292,"citedcorpusid":16592893,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Even though the addition of chitosan may enhance the cell attachment to materials without having a negative effect on its physical properties [5], weak mechanical and chemical stabilities of chitosan-based materials limit their applications to many fields such as cell delivery and wound healing [6]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1793576283,"citingcorpusid":211097649,"citedcorpusid":145410880,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2003; Meyer and Höllerer 2010), narratives (Golant and Sillince, 2007; Vaara, 2002), and especially actors’ discursive legitimation strategies (Suddaby and Greenwood, 2005; Vaara, 2014; Vaara and Tienari, 2008) – have recently received considerable attention in institutional theory.","…involved –\naccounts (Creed et al., 2002), frames (Cornelissen and Werner, 2014; Lounsbury et al., 2003; Meyer and Höllerer 2010), narratives (Golant and Sillince, 2007; Vaara, 2002), and especially actors’ discursive legitimation strategies (Suddaby and Greenwood, 2005; Vaara, 2014; Vaara…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1658595584,"citingcorpusid":41148690,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Benton Visual Retention Test(63) was completed by a sample from Orange County, California.(51) A lower mean number correct and a higher mean total errors are reported for this sample, compared with normative data.","Memory Components of the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised(66) were administered in 2 samples.(19,51,52,57) Performance on the verbal memory, visual memory, delayed recall, and logical memory subtests were lower than expected, compared with normative samples.","The Benton Visual Retention Test63 was completed by a sample from Orange County, California.51 A lower mean number correct and a higher mean total errors are reported for this sample, compared with normative data."],"intents":[["result"],["result"],null]}
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{"citationid":266381921,"citingcorpusid":16858185,"citedcorpusid":58515071,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["the term \"engagement\" refers to the situation in which an individual’s attention is completely focused on a particular task [37].","Whereas, as noted earlier, engagement refers to the focus of a user’s attention on the task at hand, presence refers to the psychological sense of being in the virtual environment that surrounds the user [37]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1842138879,"citingcorpusid":213686668,"citedcorpusid":29392586,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Lo cierto es que sólo el CVA y el MANOVA asociado calculan la ubicación y magnitud del cambio de forma entre grupos (Webster y Sheets, 2010; Zelditch et al., 2012).","En este caso, se derivan variables ad hoc (“partial warps”) para los análisis con métodos estadísticos especiales de la morfometría geométrica multivariada (Bookstein, 1992; Zelditch et al., 2012).","Superposición Los métodos de superposición separan el efecto del tamaño y eliminan las diferencias por translación y rotación (Zelditch et al., 2012).","2020.1640 4\npara el estudio de la variación estadística de las formas bajo la perspectiva de la métrica de Procrustes, pues es la más ampliamente usada (Zelditch et al., 2012; Adams et al., 2013).","Bajo este modelo, el usuario elige dos puntos de referencia fijos (varianza=cero, error=cero) con coordenadas p1= “0,0” y p2= “1,0” para interpretar la variación relativa en los demás puntos libres (Zelditch et al., 2012).","Esta magnitud escalar de una configuración de puntos se expresa sólo con un número real sin unidades de medida y se conoce como Tamaño Centroide (CS, “Centroid Size”, Bookstein, 1992; Zelditch et al., 2012).","Este ejemplo ilustra que matemáticamente la forma se define como las propiedades de las coordenadas Cartesianas de puntos en un mapa que permanecen después de remover los efectos de tamaño, ubicación y orientación de los objetos mediante algún tipo de superposición (Zelditch et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":937915669,"citingcorpusid":25997626,"citedcorpusid":29392586,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These linearly transformed variables are suitable for use with standard multivariate statistical methods, since they carry the same number of variables as degrees of freedom (Zelditch et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3672414309,"citingcorpusid":246862723,"citedcorpusid":103733925,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["High extraction temperature also led to hydrolysis of the residual oil and thus, increased the FFA values (Rusnani et al., 2012; Che Man, et al., 1999; Japir et al., 2017; Bahadi et al., 2016).","The FFA content in palm oil indicates the deterioration level of oil, which then determines the value of the oil (Saad et al., 2007; Japir et al., 2017)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3835171230,"citingcorpusid":246862723,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["has a DOBI value of more than 2.3 as specified in MS 814:2007 (Farah Khuwailah et al., 2019).","The maximum level of FFA value in CPO is below 5%, as specified by Palm Oil Refiners Association Malaysia (PORAM) in Malaysian Standard MS814:2007 (Farah Khuwailah et al., 2019).","…SOLVENT EXTRACTED PALM PRESSED-FIBRE OIL (PPFO) FROM DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL PLANTS\nCPO (this study) PPFO commercial I (this study) PPFO commercial II (Ummi Kalsum and Rohaya, 2019) PPFO commercial III (Nur Sulihatimarsyila et al., 2019) MS 814:2007 specification (Farah Khuwailah et al., 2019) FFA (","This blending result indicates that blending more than 25% (w/w) PPFO into CPO will lower DOBI values to less than 2.3, lower than the specification of PORAM in MS 814:2007 (Farah Khuwailah et al., 2019)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":790732234,"citingcorpusid":8483949,"citedcorpusid":13954229,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The simulation of kinetic profiles using dedicated software has also proven to be very helpful, for analyzing both photochemical reactions (Makita et al. 2015; Makita and Hastings 2016b) and complicated reaction schemes for light-induced multiple quinone reduction in bacterial RCs (Mezzetti and…","Kinetic modeling based on Marcus ET theory was used to estimate redox potentials for the different quinones in the A1 binding site (Makita et al. 2015; Makita and Hastings 2016b).","…noticed that some further studies by the same group combing TR visible and IR-DS on PS I with different quinones incorporated into the A1 binding site have been published after the publication of the above-mentioned review (Makita and Hastings 2015; Makita et al. 2015; Makita and Hastings 2016a)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1689666279,"citingcorpusid":13420163,"citedcorpusid":25622669,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Our findings are consistent with the clinical experience of others [9,11-14,2931] yet contradict some of the proposed treatment guidelines in the literature suggesting that additional observation in the ED aids in disposition decisions [2,10,32-35]."],"intents":[["result"]]}
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{"citationid":2351258162,"citingcorpusid":19166518,"citedcorpusid":36894232,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Variant histologies such as micro-papillary differentiation ( ) Biologically aggressive disease 3 [29]","Other pathologic prognostic factors include presence of extensive tumor necrosis [28], sessile (as opposed to papillary) tumor architecture [24], and variant histologies such as micro-papillary differentiation [29]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1192014390,"citingcorpusid":6178163,"citedcorpusid":36894232,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Urothelial carcinoma with histological variants, such as micropapillary or sarcomatoid features, has been associated with a poor clinical course.(19,20) Micropapillary or sarcomatoid features can lead to a more aggressive surgical approach or change in chemotherapeutic recommendations."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1805751740,"citingcorpusid":211575218,"citedcorpusid":144403988,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Previous research has shown that intercultural competence can be developed through intercultural education and training (for example, Klak & Martin, 2003, Pascarella, Edison, Nora, Hagedorn & Terenzini, 1996), through the study of one or more foreign languages (Olson & Kroeger, 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3530032930,"citingcorpusid":238541984,"citedcorpusid":144403988,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…students have suggested multiculturalism as a means to promote intercultural interaction (Eisenchlas & Trevaskes, 2007; Gordon & Newburry, 2007; Klak & Martin, 2003)\n47\nAs a means to increase intergroup interaction, post-secondary institutions can contribute\nto promoting multicultural…","An early, and often cited, study by Klineberg and Hull (1979) comprised over 2500 international university students living in 11 different countries."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1963900475,"citingcorpusid":19270986,"citedcorpusid":145565886,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…etc.) required to benefit from the capability to choose and achieve a given education at par with non-disabled children is unquestionably more important for children with disabilities (Mitra, 2006; Sen, 2009; Terzi, 2005, 2007a, 2007b; Trani, Bakhshi, Bellanca, Biggeri, & Marchetta 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3805198666,"citingcorpusid":249988087,"citedcorpusid":145565886,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…relates to the loss of some aspect of functioning, while disability is an inability to perform some significant class of functionings that individuals in some\nCH007.indd 110 21/10/11 6:17 PM\nreference group are on average and ordinarily able to do under favourable conditions (Terzi, 2005b, p. 214).","Furthermore, while differences in personal characteristics are central to Sen’s version of the approach, he does not use the notion of ‘normal’ functioning – and so does not emphasize the notion of ‘abnormality’ which is rejected by the social model in discussing disability (Terzi, 2005a, p. 452)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3998883658,"citingcorpusid":254403180,"citedcorpusid":129470492,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Cell-Wall Invertase Mutants in Complex with Sucrose, 378–385, Copyright (2008), with permission"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2478803084,"citingcorpusid":145287303,"citedcorpusid":36468772,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["First, insofar as a systematic baseline difference in anxiety between African Americans and European Americans reflects greater apprehension among African Americans entering a research setting, it could contribute to lower African American participation rates in psychological research, as has been observed in medical research (Corbie-Smith, Thomas, Williams, & Moody-Ayers, 1999; DeFreitas, 2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":349941297,"citingcorpusid":31188760,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["R o u tine s tu d ies for th e safe ty a sse ssm e n t o f n ew drugs in c lu d e : (1) acu te s tu d ie s , (2) m u ltip le -d o se s tu d ie s in c lu d in g ca rc in o g en ic ity te s ts , (3) s tu d ies o f fe rtility and gen era l rep ro d u c tiv e perform ance, (4) tera to logy s tu d ies, (5) p e rin a ta l an d postn a ta l s tu d ies, (6) m u ltip le -g en e ra tio n stu d ies an d (7) irrita tion stud ies."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1940742092,"citingcorpusid":208226549,"citedcorpusid":30927949,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["But the former may not keep the patient’s head completely stationary [3], [4] and the latter increases the risk of adverse responses during or after the scan [5]–[7]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1725889147,"citingcorpusid":52012675,"citedcorpusid":144015840,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Additionally, recent reviews have focused on policy interventions in sporting organisations for promoting healthy behaviour change and increasing participation in sport [27,28], on the (youth) sports clubs as health-promoting settings [13,29], on the educational impacts of young people’s participation in organised sport [23], and, more broadly, on sport-for-development projects [15].","However, some researchers have contested the many claims about the potentially positive role of sport, emphasising that the cumulative evidence base for the many claims for sport is relatively weak and insufficient, especially with regard to the social role of sport and the contribution of sport in the facilitation of social benefits [6,16,22,23]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2807535039,"citingcorpusid":23026039,"citedcorpusid":10149962,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although all of the SSRIs are generally well tolerated, approximately 10%–20% of depressed patients are unable to complete a 6- to 8-week treatment trial because of side effects [Montgomery et al., 1994; Song et al., 1993]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3647294524,"citingcorpusid":246013211,"citedcorpusid":32424086,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["On the other note, employees, including teachers, are inspired by salary and rewards (Bello & Jakada, 2017; Lee & Raschke, 2016; Robbins & Coulter, 2012; Muguongo et al., 2015; Tanjung, 2015; Burns & Darling-Hammond cited in Symeonidis, 2015; Briggs et al., 2014).","The present study results contradict various studies that revealed that principals' leadership influences teachers' performance (Tanjung, 2015; Thomas, 2011; Wenno, 2017).","On the other note, employees, including teachers, are inspired by salary and rewards (Bello\n& Jakada, 2017; Lee & Raschke, 2016; Robbins & Coulter, 2012; Muguongo et al., 2015; Tanjung, 2015; Burns & Darling-Hammond cited in Symeonidis, 2015; Briggs et al., 2014).","According to the findings of Tanjung (2015), Burns and Darling-Hammond cited in\nSymeonidis (2015) and Briggs et al. (2014), salary predicts the performance of teachers; hence, the bigger the salary, the more passionate teachers are on their exemplary performance."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":1002559561,"citingcorpusid":81364839,"citedcorpusid":25300073,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Significantly lower levels of immunity are induced when either lower doses of irradiation, that resulted in the larvae reaching the liver and producing sterile stunted worms, or higher doses of irradiation which arrested the larvae in the skin were tested (Minard et al., 1978; Bickle et al., 1979b; Mountford et al., 1992).","Studies in mice have shown that the optimum doses of radiation for induction of immunity are of the order of 15-20 krad (Bickle et al., 1979b; Reynolds and Ham, 1992) which produce a slight delay in the skin, but then arrest and death of many of the larvae takes place in the lungs around 21 days post infection (Mastin et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2614383143,"citingcorpusid":33561616,"citedcorpusid":83513744,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Keywords: donor cell; nuclear transfer; reprogramming\n体细胞克隆技术历经十年的发展, 已经在很多 动物上获得了成功, 但是克隆的效率一直偏低, 在 一定程度上制约了这项技术的广泛应用。造成这一 结果的原因较多也较复杂, 目前, 人们把提高克隆 效率的目光转移到体细胞核的重编程过程上, 研究 发现, 供体细胞核移入去核的卵母细胞后, 必定要 经过表观遗传修饰的重编程过程, 回到胚胎开始发 育的全能状态。除去人为操作技术方面的影响外 , 目前认为: 供体核移入卵母细胞后, 其重编程过程 的不完全是导致克隆效率低的主要原因[1]。关于供 体核的重编程过程, 研究主要集中在 DNA 甲基化 (DNA methylation)、组蛋白乙酰化(Histone acetylation)、X染色体失活(X-chromosome inactiviation)、 端粒(Telomere)、印记基因(Imprinting gene)等几个方 面。很多综述文章就核的重编程过程作了详尽的说 明 , 它主要是通过上述几个方面来影响胚胎的发 育。但是, 核的重编程过程不仅仅是供体细胞在移 入卵母细胞后所体现的, 不同的供体细胞其重新程 序化的潜力也是不尽相同的, 例如, 来源于不同组 织或处于细胞周期的不同阶段的细胞作为供体细胞, 其重编程的能力是不同的, 核移植效率也有着明显 区别[2]。也就是说核重编程能力可能与供核者的年 龄, 供核细胞的组织来源、分化状态、细胞周期、 传代次数都有关联。一般来说, 颗粒细胞作为核供 体最易被重编程。供核者为胎体或新生体, 供体细 胞处于低分化状态或已传数代, 供体细胞经过去表 观遗传标记处理的, 其重编程过程比较易于进行[3]。\n1 供体细胞的选择\n1.1 不同类型的供体细胞对重编程的影响\n迄今为止, 很多种类的体细胞被应用为核供体, 并且获得了成功。供体细胞的类型大致可以分为 4类。第一类为生殖系统的细胞, 如颗粒/卵丘细胞、 输卵管/子宫上皮细胞、未成熟的睾丸支持细胞等; 第二类为胎儿细胞, 如胎儿成纤维细胞; 第三类为 成年个体生殖系统以外的细胞, 如乳腺上皮细胞、 皮肤成纤维细胞、耳成纤维细胞、肌肉成纤维细胞、 尾尖成纤维细胞、心肌成纤维细胞等; 第四类为终 末分化的细胞, 如 B 淋巴细胞和 T 淋巴细胞。其中 颗粒/卵丘细胞和耳成纤维细胞, 它们作为核供体应 用的最多, 并且所获得的核移植后代较多, 并且有 人专就成纤维细胞和颗粒 /卵丘细胞的核移植效率\n做过比较, 大多认为颗粒/卵丘细胞核移植胚的发育 率高于成纤维或其他类型的细胞。Kubota 等[2]以乳 腺上皮细胞、卵巢颗粒细胞、皮肤成纤维细胞为供 核细胞进行了核移植研究, 结果显示 3 类不同细胞 源的克隆胚胎分裂率无明显差异, 但颗粒细胞却产 生了最高的囊胚发育率及 6 头完成整个妊娠期的克 隆牛, 更重要的是其中 4头已经 4岁, 各方面都表现 健康。然而乳腺上皮细胞源胚胎体外发育状况最差, 且无活克隆牛产生。该结果表明, 供核细胞类型会 显著影响胚胎体外和体内发育。同时也证明颗粒细 胞是体细胞克隆较有效的细胞类型 , 即颗粒细胞 DNA 能被更有效的重新程序化。卵丘/颗粒细胞更 适合作为供体细胞的可能原因 :①卵丘细胞是自然 静止在 G0/G1 期的细胞; ②卵丘细胞是包围在卵母 细胞周围的细胞 , 核移植后两者胞质更易互融 ; ③卵丘细胞内端粒酶活性较高。卵巢颗粒细胞和输 卵管上皮细胞的克隆效率较其它类型体细胞高, 推 测其外遗传标记程度相对最小。另外, 来源于不同 组织的不同细胞类型作为供核细胞其发育潜能是不 同的 , 这可能与细胞中基因的表观遗传修饰有关 , 分化的细胞中大部分基因的表达调控是通过基因修 饰来进行的, 这些修饰包括DNA甲基化和组蛋白的 乙酰化。研究表明, 细胞在重编程过程中高的乙酰 化水平以及低的甲基化水平有利于重编程过程的进 行, 甲基化密度限定了组蛋白乙酰化程度[4]。并且 有研究针对性的指出了例如 DNA 甲基化在供体细 胞中的水平 [5], 我们可以参考此类研究 , 在选择供 核细胞类型时 , 从表观遗传修饰程度的角度出发 , 选择DNA甲基化程度相对较低, 组蛋白乙酰化程度 相对较高的细胞类型来进行核移植。\n1.2 不同周期的供体细胞对重编程的影响\n细胞周期对核移植成功率的影响至关重要。目\n前, 由于 S期细胞处于 DNA合成阶段, 重构胚易形 成 2 倍化和 4 倍化之间的非整倍体动物, 而没有克 隆个体的报道以外, 其他 G1、G2和 M期[5]的细胞都 被证明可作为供体细胞, 用于克隆研究。但是, 多数 核移植仍然采用传代早期的细胞, 这样似乎更有利 于重构胚的发育。G0/G1期细胞是首选的供体细胞周 期时相, 这种细胞较易于重编程。获得 G0/G1期细胞 常用的方法是血清饥饿法, 应用这种方法已成功获 得家畜体细胞的核移植后代。但是, 血清饥饿法所\n诱导的细胞同步化处理是否是克隆成功的必要条件, 并无定论。G1期细胞的染色体被认为进行了某种修 饰, 由此推测休眠状态的染色体在卵母细胞质中得 到更完善的修饰, 而这种修饰对重编程可能十分关 键。另外, 研究结果表明供体核细胞所处细胞周期 也直接影响着其正常的重新编程。Miyamoto等[6]在 研究克隆猪的过程中发现使供体细胞同步化在 G1 期, 对比 G0 更有利于重构胚的发育, 且对于 DNA 的合成以及后成发育都十分有利, 并且细胞的高度 同步性对研究其在去核的卵母细中的重编程过程也\n十分有利。\n1.3 不同代数的供体细胞对重编程的影响\n关于供体细胞在第几代最适合作为核供体, 在 研究者中还存在争论。研究发现, 当来自胎儿和成 年动物的成纤维细胞进行群体培养时, G1 期细胞比 例随时间延长而呈线性增长, 而 S 期细胞同比下降, 这就解释了晚期传代细胞较早期传代细胞用作供体 时有更高的囊胚发育率的原因。但 8~16 代细胞较 17~32代细胞有更高的囊胚发育率, 这可能是 17~32 代细胞传代次数太多, 细胞染色体突变累积而降低 了其支持发育的能力。目前, 大多数使用的是原代 培养或短期培养的细胞(4~6代), 认为这类细胞利于 核移植胚的发育。另外, Enright等[7]认为细胞在体外 培养可以减少外遗传修饰, 早期体细胞组蛋白乙酰 化的程度比晚期高。有学者证实了上述理论, 体外 培养后的细胞可以表达出培养前所不能表达的蛋白 质, 证实了体外培养去分化的能力。研究中发现, 细 胞在体外培养过程中其组蛋白乙酰化程度有着显著 改变, 在第 15 代细胞中(无论是成纤维细胞还是卵 丘细胞)乙酰化的组蛋白 H4和 H3的含量均高于第 5 代细胞。然而, 目前人们仍大多使用低代次的细胞 用于核移植, 高代次培养细胞是否有利于核移植仍 有争议。不过, Giraldo等[8]将牛胎儿成纤维细胞分别 培养到第 2、7、15、30、45 和 70 代, 利用流式细 胞术以及免疫荧光等方法检测发现, 培养到第 30代 的细胞其甲基化的现象较第 7、15、45代都明显, 而 第 2、70代的甲基化现象特别明显。笔者认为第 70 代细胞的甲基化水平过高可能是由于细胞培养代数 过多而引起细胞的癌变, 而癌细胞的甲基化水平普 遍偏高[9]。而第 2代细胞高甲基化现象的发生, 是否 应该引起我们的重视, 我们对于第 2 代细胞在核移 植上的应用是否应该考虑适当的降低, 还是只是牛\n的成纤维细胞存在这样的现象还有待进一步的 研究。 1.4 不同年龄的供体细胞对重编程的影响\n由于供体细胞在细胞更新过程中, 某些特定基 因会随着个体的生长而出现选择性表达, 因此选用 “年龄较大”的供体细胞, 在重构胚发育过程中会 受到供体细胞基因本身活性的影响, 某些对胚胎发 育至关重要的基因由于在个体发育生长阶段的原因 而处于低活性时期, 与卵母细胞融合后, 很难达到 胚胎发育所要求的基因表达量, 因此不能开始重新 编程。但是, 在婆罗门牛[10]的研究中, 作者却得出 不一样的观点, 利用 40日龄克隆胎儿的耳细胞和一 头 21岁的公牛耳细胞作为供体细胞进行核移植, 囊 胚发育率完全相同。供体细胞本身对克隆后代“年 龄”的影响究竟有多大, 目前尚无定论。重构胚在 发育过程中染色体端粒长度在核移植胚胎的发育中 是否可恢复到正常水平, 端粒长度变化的机制都有 待研究。Kato 等[11]的实验也表明, 将克隆胚进行子 宫腔移植后, 来源于胎牛及新生牛的克隆比来源于 成年牛的克隆具有更高的妊娠率和产后存活率。这\n可能是由于来源于胎体及新生体的体细胞基因突变 少 , 具有更低的分化状态 , 因此 , 核移植后具有更 高的核重编程效率。\n1.5 不同物种的供体细胞对重编程的影响\n供体细胞需要在移入去核卵母细胞后, 很短的 时间内完成重编程过程。在大多数哺乳动物中, 成 熟的精子和卵子基因组是高度甲基化的, 在受精后 数小时内, 精子基因组发生主动去甲基化, 卵子基 因组在卵裂过程中依赖于 DNA的复制被动地、滞后 地去甲基化, 直到囊胚期, 胚胎基因组甲基化水平 达到最低[12]。核移植过程也是如此, 在早期的重构 胚当中体现出较高的去甲基化水平, 达到囊胚期时, 去甲基化水平达到最低, 但是, 这一现象却没有发 生在羊或兔的重构胚当中, 并且在母牛中, 也只是 少部分发生。在 Beaujean 等[13]的实验中, 他们以绵 羊成纤维细胞作为供体, 绵羊卵母细胞为受体, 通 过 5-甲基胞嘧啶免疫荧光染色法, 检测其核移植之 后的DNA甲基化水平变化, 发现在早期的重构胚中, 没有去甲基化的现象发生, 只在 2 细胞和 8 细胞之 间检测到极其有限的去甲基化现象, 到桑葚胚乃至 囊胚阶段再没有检测到去甲基化的现象发生。研究\n者认为在绵羊和其他哺乳动物的早期胚胎发育过程\n中, 有着巨大的去甲基化的差异[14]。而且, 似乎不 止是绵羊存在这样的差异, 牛的供体细胞在植入前 阶段也存在一些差异, Wee等[4]用 TSA(Trichosta- tin A)处理牛的成纤维细胞发现, DNA的甲基化水平和 组蛋白的去乙酰化水平都有所降低, 而组蛋白的乙 酰化水平却没有明显改变, 但是牛的供体细胞这些 表观遗传修饰作用却并没有在其克隆胚的 DNA 甲基 化过程中显现。\n2 供体细胞的处理\n2.1 供体细胞的冷冻保存\n正常的供体细胞核移植后, 我们发现其在融合 率、卵裂率之间没有差异, 但是桑葚胚和囊胚的发 育率随着冷冻解冻次数的增多而降低。推测供体细\n胞的冷冻解冻过程对在受体卵内的重编程能力造成 影响。但是, 冻存的牛胎儿皮肤组织细胞作供体与 源于新鲜组织的细胞作供体的重组胚, 在体外发育 能力上无差异。Ogura 等[15]用新鲜消化的、培养的 和冻存的成熟前卵母细胞克隆出小鼠桑椹胚或囊胚, 经移植后均获得存活小鼠后代, 而且冻存细胞作供 体的胚胎移植后获得了 8个后代。供体细胞冷藏 1~2 周, 不影响早期重组胚的体内外发育能力, 这可能 是将体细胞进行冷藏处理也可使细胞迅速进入休眠\n状态而获得某些修饰。\n2.2 供体细胞的血清饥饿处理及离子霉素激活\n血清饥饿对培养细胞的生长特性、DNA复制和 细胞骨架及消化后细胞的大小均有不同程度的改变, 用血清饥饿的成纤维细胞作供体, 囊胚率显著高于 非血清饥饿组[6]。血清饥饿与非血清饥饿的区别在 于, 血清饥饿法是使供体细胞在 0.5%FBS的DMEM 液中,血清饥饿培养 5~7 d, 核移植前用胰蛋白酶消 化, 1 500 r/min 离心 5 min, 之后再应用于核移植; 非饥饿法是在正常的含 10% FBS的 DMEM液中培 养供体细胞, 而后用胰蛋白酶消化后直接用于核移 植。在体细胞核移植研究中, 供体细胞 DNA的合成 与细胞分裂间的协调性是影响核移植胚胎发育的重 要因素, 直接影响着核重编程的能力。因此, 多用血 清饥饿法使细胞同步于细胞周期的 G0/G1 期, 以提 高核移植的效率。另外, Lacham-Kaplan等[16]用离子 霉素预激活供体细胞提高了重构胚的卵裂率与囊胚 率。这可能是由于; 预激活因素可以引起供体细胞\n的活化, 供体细胞在移入卵母细胞内之前就开始恢 复细胞活动并为DNA的合成做好充分的准备, 这样 的细胞注入后与受体细胞在周期上可以取得较好的 协调性, 对发育以及其重编程过程有利[17]。\n2.3 促重编程试剂对供体细胞的处理\n组蛋白乙酰化和 DNA 甲基化是两种可遗传的 非基因序列变化的染色体改变, 即表观遗传学改变, 这种改变与细胞分化有关。在正常受精过程中, 配 子处于低甲基化水平, 在胚胎发育早期这些甲基化 被擦除而形成胚胎基因的原始化、全能化。同样在 核移植过程中, 供核的表观遗传学改变也需要在胚 胎中得到恢复才能形成成功的克隆, 因此, 人为的 减少供核的表观遗传标记可能更有利于核重编程。 Jones 等[18]用去甲基化试剂 5-aza-dc(5-氮-2′-脱氧胞 苷)处理供体细胞后反而降低了克隆胚的囊胚发育 率, 这可能是由于 5-aza-dc 本身具有毒性, 其他学 者也没有成功的报道, 看来这一思路虽然不错, 但 合适的试剂与合理的剂量及处理时间还需要摸索。 Enright 等[7]研究了核移植过程中供体核的组蛋白乙 酰化水平 , 用荧光共聚焦显微镜 (Epifluorescent confocal microscopy)进行定性, 免疫荧光流式细胞 仪(Immunofluorescent flow cytometry)进行定量, 发 现不同的细胞类型、细胞周期的不同阶段以及不同\n的处理过程均影响供体细胞的组蛋白乙酰化水平。 为了促进核重排, 用一种组蛋白去乙酰化抑制剂(曲 古菌素 -","[DOI] [16] Lacham-Kaplan O, Diamente M, Trounson A. Pregnancy fol-\nlowing injection of mechanically isolated fetal fibroblast nuclei into enucleated bovine oocytes.","清饥饿法使细胞同步于细胞周期的 G0/G1 期, 以提 高核移植的效率。另外, Lacham-Kaplan等([16])用离子","[DOI] [16] Lacham-Kaplan O, Diamente M, Trounson A."],"intents":[null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":1788875646,"citingcorpusid":210969214,"citedcorpusid":54574454,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The objective function could be described with respect to minimizing the control effort needed to achieve a specified trajectory such as described in [51], or in minimizing the error between the actual and the desired trajectory in an attitude control scenario as presented in [52]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4028917502,"citingcorpusid":251622806,"citedcorpusid":227496765,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Passamonti et al16 found older age, progressive disease, AML, non-Hodgkin lymphoma or myeloma and severe COVID-19 at admission to be associated with worse survival, while Borah et al21 reported age >60 yr and severe infection to be associated with higher mortality."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":480844968,"citingcorpusid":8146068,"citedcorpusid":28550836,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The fluctuation around the mean value given by the respective SD of the area per lipid can be related to the bilayer compressibility modus KA [123,126,127], for which we found in most simulations 260–430 mN/m."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3832105839,"citingcorpusid":145439142,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A triphasic pattern in biceps brachii during submaximal contractions was also investigated (Dorfman et al. 1990)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1544286021,"citingcorpusid":159599776,"citedcorpusid":165387500,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, the dating of each source which is definitely necessary to show the historical development, is quite difficult to have consensus in these days (Wenham 2003:176-183)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1592543642,"citingcorpusid":129875744,"citedcorpusid":132154525,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, the upcoming field of unconventional reservoirs requires a deeper understanding and consideration of tectonic stresses and mechanical properties (Cui et al., 2013; Ostadhassan et al., 2013; Suarez-Rivera et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3702039890,"citingcorpusid":247560457,"citedcorpusid":151987459,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Wright (2010) also reported police officers’ preference to report general misconduct to line managers with 50% of officers believing that the confidential line/email method was not ultimately anonymous."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1708633192,"citingcorpusid":205018865,"citedcorpusid":26408763,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["As a result, it is less frequently diagnosed than microdeletion syndrome (Portnoi, 2009).","2 microduplication syndrome at a frequency of around 15% (Portnoi, 2009).","2 microduplication syndrome (Portnoi, 2009).","21–11.23 band (Portnoi, 2009)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":2305701498,"citingcorpusid":1360019,"citedcorpusid":121044746,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…induced electric electric field generated at the strongly curved magnetic field at the endpoints of a contracting flux rope, or in the outflow regions of reconnection sites between merging plasmoids (Drake et al. 2006a; Bian & Kontar 2013; Zank et al. 2014; le Roux et al. 2015; Zhou et al. 2015).","A second-order Fermi energization term is associated with merging magnetic island line shortening or plasmoid incompressibility (Drake et al. 2013; Zank et al. 2014; le Roux et al. 2015), but being of the second-order is neglected in (1).","Formally, other than the neglect of stochastic energization terms, both the Zank et al. (2014) and le Roux et al. (2015) equations are the same.","In the former case, betatron acceleration of the particle will contribute to the energy gain, whereas in the latter case, betatron deceleration will result, both being a consequence of charged particle conservation of magnetic moment (Zank et al. 2014; le Roux et al. 2015).","The solutions presented here and in Zank et al. (2014) and le Roux et al. (2015) therefore describe charged particles with energies c .0\n2 ~ This will be discussed a little further in the context of Voyager 1 and 2 observations of particle energization at the HTS.","The transport theory, extended by le Roux et al. (2015), incorporates energy change of the charged particle distribution function (ions or electrons) due to the physics of magnetic island contraction and merging.","We present a simple test particle model, based on the charged particle transport theory developed by Zank et al. (2014) and le Roux et al. (2015) that describes the coupled and simultaneous acceleration of particles at both a shock and downstream interacting merging and contracting magnetic islands.","In deriving a diffusive transport formalism for charged particles accelerated in a “sea of magnetic islands,” Zank et al. (2014) and le Roux et al. (2015) make the important implicit assumption that the timescale over which the particle distribution is averaged is much longer than the trapping time…","The detailed derivation of Equation (1) was presented in Zank et al. (2014) and le Roux et al. (2015) and is not repeated here.","A more detailed quasi-linear approach presented by le Roux et al. (2015) recovers all the terms in the transport Equation (1) (see their Equation (55)), although with a slightly different parameterization, and they obtain additional terms related to the variance of the fluctuating anti-reconnection…","The compressible plasmoid contraction case yields a first-order Fermi energization mechanism (Zank et al. 2014; le Roux et al. 2015), whereas the incompressible mechanism corresponds to a second-order Fermi energization mechanism (Drake et al. 2013; Zank et al. 2014; le Roux et al. 2015).","The first-order correct transport equation can be expressed as (Zank et al. 2014; le Roux et al. 2015)\nf t U V b\nf\nx\nc U\nx\nf\nc\nc c\nc f\nx K\nf\nx\nc x\nV f\nc V c\nf\nx c\n3 3\n1\n3 2\n, 1\ni E i i\ni\ni\ni ij j\ni E i E i\ni\n2\n3\nc\n2\n( )\n( )⎜ ⎟\n⎛ ⎝⎜\n⎞ ⎠⎟\n⎛ ⎝⎜\n⎞ ⎠⎟\n⎛ ⎝\n⎞ ⎠\nh\n¶ ¶ + + ¶ ¶ - ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶\n+ ¶ ¶\n= ¶ ¶\n¶ ¶\n- ¶…","E A∣ ∣ ~\nZank et al. (2014) and le Roux et al. (2015) also derive the corresponding transport equations for relativistic charged particles, which is structurally identical to (1) except expressed in terms of particle momentum instead of speed c.","In le Roux et al. (2015), we then separate the Parker adiabatic term into two terms to distinguish between the divergence of the large-scale solar wind and the divergence of small-scale structures or islands (using a perturbation analysis).","Consider the ensemble averaged motional electric field term in the Vlasov equation (Zank et al. 2014; le Roux et al. 2015), U B f ,c( ) ·á ´  ñ where ∇c is the gradient operator in velocity space.","The term ηc describes the characteristic contraction rate of magnetic islands (Bian & Kontar 2013; Drake et al. 2013; Zank et al. 2014; le Roux et al. 2015; Zhou et al. 2015).","By contrast, le Roux et al. (2015) present a somewhat more formal quasi-linear derivation of Equation (1)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],null,["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3235616071,"citingcorpusid":231634219,"citedcorpusid":3795856,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Since personal characteristics influence the effects of participation in online communities, patient preferences should guide how social contact occurs during their cancer care trajectory [5].","The most commonly cited factors that influence the extent to which patients are active on the Internet are demographic characteristics, including age, gender, education level, and stage of illness [5]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1599436781,"citingcorpusid":90929656,"citedcorpusid":84674150,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Узнавание PAMPs Toll-подобными рецепторами инициирует сигнальный каскад, который в результате вызывает выработку провоспалительных цитокинов, хемокинов, антимикробных пептидов и энзимов в коже, активацию транскрипционных факторов, активатора протеина-1 и ядерного фактора (NF)-κB [20]."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":3801626551,"citingcorpusid":28624507,"citedcorpusid":28267299,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Solution-layer thickness was estimated as described by Ford and Gilbert (1987), except that the transfer function used here was that","a layer of kapton and a layer of mylar, was described by Ford and Gilbert (1987). H2 was identical to it except that it was insulated with a single layer of mylar.","Most procedures and apparatus were described previously (Gilbert and Ford, 1986c; Ford and Gilbert, 1987)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2724550742,"citingcorpusid":2062,"citedcorpusid":16734180,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Since finite automata and pushdown automata are the simplest models of computation (with finite memory), they have focused their attention on developing automata theory based on quantum logic as the first step [83, 84, 44, 45, 55, 9].","In [9], W."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":29495426,"citingcorpusid":14456748,"citedcorpusid":28579571,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["could enhance survival of transplanted cells, including coapplication of trophic factors or caspase inhibitors, and overexpression of bcl-2 or bcl-xL in transplanted stem cells (Cicchetti et al., 2002; Cairns and Finklestein, 2003;  Mata et al., 2004;  Wei et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3635020482,"citingcorpusid":245443379,"citedcorpusid":6718308,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…using the node labels Shervashidze et al. (2011), 4) the labeled random walk kernel G¨artner et al. (2003), 5) the quantum Jensen-Shannon graph kernel (QJSK) Bai et al. (2015a), 6) the Lovasz theta graph kernel(LTGK) Johansson et al. (2014), and 7) the GraphHopper kernel Feragen et al. (2013)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1130918941,"citingcorpusid":151731856,"citedcorpusid":22135898,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The scale was developed with undergraduate psychology students and not specifically designed for use with healthcare professionals, although it has been implemented in this population (Kershenstine, 2009; Latimer et al., unpublished; Linn, 2011; Oman, Thoresen, & Hedberg, 2010; Robins et al., 2009; Webster, 2010).","…with undergraduate psychology students and not specifically designed for use with healthcare professionals, although it has been implemented in this population (Kershenstine, 2009; Latimer et al., unpublished; Linn, 2011; Oman, Thoresen, & Hedberg, 2010; Robins et al., 2009; Webster, 2010)."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
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{"citationid":3422860962,"citingcorpusid":12041919,"citedcorpusid":21875493,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This group includes tyrocidine synthetase 1 (TY1) (69), gramicidin S synthetase 1 (GS1) (31, 37) and GS2 (32, 67) from Bacillus brevis, and the 8-(L-axaminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetases (ACVSs) from Penicillium chrysogenum (20, 58), Aspergillus nidulans (41), Cephalosporium acremonium (26), and Nocardia lactamdurans (15)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":314804867,"citingcorpusid":43718316,"citedcorpusid":18249969,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Concerning a sensorless operated drive system, it is known that this dead-time effect reduces the bandwidth of the sensorless observer and leads to oscillations of the estimated position [11]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":610078299,"citingcorpusid":55570453,"citedcorpusid":129113398,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…upper limit of the size distribution of the oceanic bacteria that can usually be found in coastal Mediterranean waters (Massana et al. 1997, authors’ unpubl. data) or in more oligotrophic places (Kirchman\net al. 1995, Carlson et al. 1996) would overestimate more than underestimate grazing rates."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1898488964,"citingcorpusid":2247331,"citedcorpusid":6175869,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…reported in previous studies, but their incremental (independent) value and their generalizability was largely unclear (Thomas et al., 1998; Morin et al., 2000; Bisgaard et al., 2001; Scott et al., 1983; Chung et al., 1997; Taenzer et al., 2000; Nelson et al., 1998; Keogh and Herdenfeldt, 2002).","Preoperative anxiety too has long been recognized as a significant predictor of postoperative pain (Chapman, 1977; Scott et al., 1983)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2495716642,"citingcorpusid":24469881,"citedcorpusid":22025642,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Campylobacter jejuni Planktonic versus biofilm Gel based Silver staining [96] Campylobacter jejuni Planktonic versus biofilm Gel based SYPRO Ruby [73] Streptococcus mutans Planktonic versus biofilm Gel based DIGE [45] Streptococcus mutans Planktonic versus biofilm Gel based SYPRO Ruby [28] Streptococcus mutans Planktonic versus biofilm Gel based (14)C labeling/autoradiography [76] Streptococcus mutans Planktonic versus mature biofilm (acid tolerance) Gel based (14)C labeling/autoradiography [77]"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2181966413,"citingcorpusid":191690603,"citedcorpusid":204358274,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Also, the incorporation of multiple kinds of data sources, such as participants in a variety of positions, assisted in triangulation of the findings and increased trustworthiness (Glesne, 2011).","the researcher to pursue a certain kind of site and/or participant (Glesne, 2011).","Limitations\nLimitations of my study are disclosed in this section as a way to establish\ntrustworthiness (Glesne, 2011).","Findings of the Study\nThe interview transcripts from eleven participants were the primary source\nof data, while physical artifacts, document review and observations were used to triangulate the findings (Glesne, 2011).","Collecting multiple types of data allows for triangulation, which also increases trustworthiness in qualitative research (Glesne, 2011).","Findings of the Study The interview transcripts from eleven participants were the primary source of data, while physical artifacts, document review and observations were used to triangulate the findings (Glesne, 2011).","Limitations Limitations of my study are disclosed in this section as a way to establish trustworthiness (Glesne, 2011).","93 developmental English classrooms) at the research site were used to triangulate findings and increase trustworthiness (Glesne, 2011).","Other sources of data collection included document review, physical artifacts, and observations to triangulate the findings (Glesne, 2011) and capture the complexity of the issue (Stake, 1995).","Each\nstrategy is useful for learning various aspects of the research topic as each lends the researcher to pursue a certain kind of site and/or participant (Glesne, 2011).","Also within the chapter, limitations of the study are disclosed to demonstrate the trustworthiness of my data (Glesne, 2011) and to advance opportunities for additional research.","…Academic Senate Resolution responding to AB 705, and other documents related to AB 705), and observations (Equity Committee Meeting and physical setting of the\n93\ndevelopmental English classrooms) at the research site were used to triangulate findings and increase trustworthiness (Glesne, 2011).","Other sources of data collection included document review, physical artifacts, and observations to triangulate the findings (Glesne, 2011) and"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":923779417,"citingcorpusid":3211852,"citedcorpusid":25649283,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As the focus in ERAS is on rapid recovery, one legitimate concern is that these protocols may lead discharge that is earlier than appropriate.(18) In our study, this possibility appears unlikely as the rate of hospital readmission within 30 days remained low both before (5%) and after (4%) ERAS implementation."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":930725249,"citingcorpusid":59417520,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Empirical findings indicate that the existence of models in universities provided a sense of objectivity, but that the strong collegial culture proved unwilling to accept a strongly centralized organization of the resources allocation processes (Jones, 1994; Scapens et al., 1994)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2072419062,"citingcorpusid":12492179,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[1] as a distinct mesenchymal neoplasm composed of 2 major components: spindle cells and prominent vessels.","Since then, similar lesions have been described in the inguinoscrotal region of men, originally labeled as “angiomyofibroblastoma-like tumor of the male genital tract” [1, 2]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1706413817,"citingcorpusid":30277768,"citedcorpusid":96150412,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The sample was centrifuged (5000 g), rinsed with water, centrifuged again, and the supernatants were combined and placed in a disposable glass test tube and heated at 90 C for 2 hours to release the conjugated phenolic compounds as described by Whitehead et al.30 The heated extract was cooled, titrated with 4 M HCl to pH  2.0, diluted to 10 mL, with de-ionized water, and centrifuged to remove the precipitate.","The sample was centrifuged (5000 g), rinsed with water, centrifuged again, and the supernatants were combined and placed in a disposable glass test tube and heated at 90 C for 2 hours to release the conjugated phenolic compounds as described by Whitehead et al.(30) The heated extract was cooled, titrated with 4 M HCl to pH <2."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3230711618,"citingcorpusid":227296167,"citedcorpusid":198965041,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Increased ZEB1 can reverse the inhibitory function of miR-128 overexpression on the sensitive response of gastric cancer cells to oxaliplatin [27]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1779893166,"citingcorpusid":207924039,"citedcorpusid":2158462,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Discussions of the LQ model are found in Fowler (1992), Hall (1994), Steel (1997), and Yorke (2003), and more general TCP models in Niemierko and Goitein (1993a), Webb (1994), and Zaider and Minerbo (2000).","There are approximate mechanistic mathematical models for TCP (Niemierko and Goitein 1993a; Webb 1994; Zaider and Minerbo 2000; Yorke 2003) but the model input parameters—the clonogen density and spatial distribution and their radiobiological parameters—are poorly understood."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":790881162,"citingcorpusid":5869247,"citedcorpusid":21244956,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Of the infectious agents, they cause the most devastating contractures.(4,30) Fortunately contractures from both agents can be prevented.","Contractures can also result from closed traumatic injuries especially to the extremities, 3 from oedematous swelling and subsequent fibrosis from chronic infections.(4) The presence of congenital(5) and idiopathic(6) forms of contractures imply that trauma and inflammation need not be present for the development of all types of contractures.","In the case of Buruli ulcer early detection of the lesions in the nodular or preulcerative stage and excision leads to a cure.(4) Mycobacterium ulcerans is susceptible to rifampicinstreptomycin combination, and treatment for 8 weeks can result in cure in 30-50% of cases.","Some cases also require a combination of surgery and antibiotics.(4)"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":816597264,"citingcorpusid":2333040,"citedcorpusid":129848062,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We use the National Land Cover Database (NLCD 2001), which provides accurate and consistent land cover for all the 50 states in the US at a spatial resolution of 30-m and with single-pixel land cover accuracies ranging from 73 to 77% (Homer et al., 2004).","The NLCD 2001 native class definitions are described in Table 1 of Homer et al., 2004.\nor global scale (Baret et al., 2007; Butson & Fernandes, 2004; Myneni et al., 1997; Sellers et al., 1996; Spanner et al., 1990; Wang et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1551363745,"citingcorpusid":100909730,"citedcorpusid":96786675,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["358 for PAA25Np42 suggesting a lowering of the Na mobility in surfactant–polymer association process similar to that in the poly(ethylene oxide)–sodium dodecyl sulfonate system [38]."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":4037100792,"citingcorpusid":255758845,"citedcorpusid":52892673,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Examples include slags from metallurgy [14], chemical industry residues such as spent catalysts [15], urban wastes such as e-wastes [16] or end of life automobile processing residues [17, 18] and waste incineration products such as municipal solid waste incineration ashes [19]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2316328283,"citingcorpusid":20169573,"citedcorpusid":17142118,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…et al.\n(1997)\nMishra et al. (2008) Mishra et al.\n(2009b)\nMishra et al. (2009a)\nJiang et al. (1998b)\nGp78 Fang et al. (2001) Leclerc et al. (2000) Fu et al. (2013) Ying et al. (2009) Zhong et al. (2004) Silletti and Raz\n(1993)\nLuo et al. (2002)\nCOP1 Kobayashi et al.\n(2013)\nDornan et al.…"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":32431474,"citingcorpusid":14582558,"citedcorpusid":17142118,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Upon mitochondrial\ndepolarization, the ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 also targets mito-\nchondria to induce mitophagy and, recently, the roles of other\nubiquitin ligases in mitophagy have been described (Ding and\nYin, 2012; Fu et al., 2013; Lokireddy et al., 2012).","Upon mitochondrial depolarization, the ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 also targets mitochondria to induce mitophagy and, recently, the roles of other ubiquitin ligases in mitophagy have been described (Ding and Yin, 2012; Fu et al., 2013; Lokireddy et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1055430382,"citingcorpusid":115136048,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The more recent studies of Beentjes (2001) and Gerstenberger (2004) provide useful overviews.","Gerstenberger (2004) advances the theory that prophecy and Torah should not be differentiated in Chronicles: “Das Prophetische sollte weder formal noch inhaltlich, noch qualitativ von den Tora-Vorschriften Jahwes abgesetzt werden."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4049680964,"citingcorpusid":255047043,"citedcorpusid":201716513,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The resulting samples were measured by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer (T9, PUXI, China) at 285 nm. Vitamin E content was obtained from the Vitamin E standard curve (y = 0.0045x + 0.0072, R2 = 0.9995).","Absorbance at 500 nm of the mixture was detected using Uultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer (T9, PUXI, China) [21].","3 to 319 nm after HIU treatment, indicating that the shear force generated during the HIU treatment can reduce the particle size and destroy insoluble aggregates [21].","Similarly, citrus pectin enhanced the electrostatic repulsion, thus improving the emulsion stability [21].","However, an excessive HIU treatment may lead to unfavourable unfolding of the protein structure, corresponding to the weakening of non-covalent forces [21,22].","However, the higher power (300 W) or longer duration (20 min) of the HIU treatment increased the average particle size of the complex, which can be attributed to protein re-aggregation and formation of soluble protein-polysaccharide complex caused by excessive ultrasonication [21].","[21], HIU treatment improved the zeta potential and surface hydrophobicity of electrostatic citrus pectin (CP)-soy protein isolate (SPI) complexes, thus","However, H0 decreased significantly when the HIU power was further increased to 300 W or the duration was increased to 20 min, which may be because the excessive HIU treatment over unfolded the protein, and many hydrophobic groups were reburied, which inhibited the hydrophobic interaction between the molecules and led to the decrease of H0 [21].","and HA enhanced by HIU treatment; thus, more Trp residues are adsorbed on the polar surface [21].","HIU treatment unfolds protein molecules and disrupts protein aggregation, thereby increasing the net charge on the protein surface [21].","HIU treatment usually produces powerful cavitation to make the system more uniform, thus increasing the possibility of contact between CAS and HA molecules, which favours complex formation [21]."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":834731707,"citingcorpusid":15153181,"citedcorpusid":20569792,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The proliferative activity of any tissue or neoplasm can be determined by its growth rate using antibodies directed against specific antigens expressed by proliferating neoplastic cells, allowing the simultaneous analysis of cell proliferation and histology [13,22,23]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3833780318,"citingcorpusid":228872104,"citedcorpusid":112713144,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, it must be noted that most of the previous research focused on temporally and geographically specific case studies, and therefore, would require devices with the ability to control such parameters through time and along the railway [13,22].","[13] used a series of LVDTs to monitor a problematic section in a transition zone south of Philadelphia, USA."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":4048884385,"citingcorpusid":256327359,"citedcorpusid":41183270,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2011), but also display sadness (Buss and Kiel 2004).","Consistent with previous research (Buss and Kiel 2004; Cole et al."],"intents":[null,["result"]]}
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{"citationid":898032642,"citingcorpusid":38727499,"citedcorpusid":18597136,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Taking into account the strict requirements to the level of fault tolerance of the helicopter’s electric traction drive, it is advisable to use reconfigurable matrix topologies of BEES, shown in Figure 6, which have a higher reliability and fault tolerance indices than a conventional option, discussed in [15] and [16]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1580350251,"citingcorpusid":120835776,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This cannot, however, rule out the presence of PBDEs.","About 97% of the American adult population has detectable levels of PBDEs.(3) When released into the environment PBDEs adsorb rapidly onto solid particles such as soil or sediments due to their low water solubility and vapor pressure.","Unfortunately, this is the initial phase of our project and the samples collected from the above geographical locations randomly chosen, did not provide any detectable levels of PBDEs.","Ever since they were introduced into the market, deaths due to fire accidents dropped significantly; but other setbacks not foreseen, broke out through environmental contamination.1 Due to their persistent nature and high lipophilicity they bioaccumulate in the abiotic and biotic compartments resulting in biomagnification and thus have become widespread environmental contaminants.2 About 97% of the American adult population has detectable levels of PBDEs.3 When released into the environment PBDEs adsorb rapidly onto solid particles such as soil or sediments due to their low water solubility and vapor pressure.4 Therefore, sediments and sewage sludge serve as a sink for these pollutants."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":3109713156,"citingcorpusid":221862926,"citedcorpusid":7911777,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It can be obtained by several synthetic routes; however, the click chemistry reaction, also known as copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, is a powerful tool in chemical medicine for the supply of highly versatile 1,2,3-triazole scaffolds due to its simplicity, robustness, and applicability [11,19,20].","Triazoles are important heterocycles of synthetic origin involved in several industrial applications, such as agrochemistry, material sciences, and the synthesis of new drugs [11,12]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2694397952,"citingcorpusid":189384,"citedcorpusid":23179606,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["and induces expression of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":884671850,"citingcorpusid":5303240,"citedcorpusid":23179606,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition to this, the overexpression of KLF15 both induces adipocyte differentiation and positively regulates the expression of the insulin-glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) [54].","Eight members of mammalian KLFs: KLF2, KLF3, KLF4, KLF5, KLF6, KLF7, KLF-11 and KLF15 have been identified as key components of transcription network responsible for controlling adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis, and obesity [53-57]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2025331986,"citingcorpusid":202041587,"citedcorpusid":51947773,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…(P3HT, figure 1a) has attracted considerable research interest because it is an effective electron donor and hole transporting material in photovoltaic devices Dang (2011); Onoda (1998); Berger (2018); Guo (2014); Xiao (2015); Zhou (2018); Poelking (2014); Laquai (2015); Agbolaghi (2017)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1067314604,"citingcorpusid":126018016,"citedcorpusid":124135431,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The contouring interval is 5 m/s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.3 Mean northern hemisphere geopotential heights in meters for (a) the T63 nature run of the SPEEDY model at σ = 0.5 and (b) the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis at 500 hPa, shown for DJF.","The contouring interval is 100 m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.5 Standard deviation of monthly zonal wind in m/s for (a) the T63 nature run of the SPEEDY model at σ = 0.2 and (b) the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis at 200 hPa, shown for DJF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .","15 2.6 Standard deviation of monthly zonal wind in m/s for (a) the T63 nature run of the SPEEDY model at σ = 0.2 and (b) the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis at 200 hPa, shown for JJA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.7 Standard deviation of geopotential height in m for (a) the T63 nature run of the SPEEDY model at σ = 0.5 and (b) the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis at 500 hPa, shown for DJF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .","To evaluate how closely SPEEDY simulates the true atmosphere, a five year nature run from the T63 SPEEDY will be compared with the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (Kalnay et al., 1996) in both mean statistics as well as variance.","11 2.2 Zonal mean zonal wind in m/s for (a) the T63 nature run of the SPEEDY model and (b) the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis, shown for JJA.","The contouring interval is 100 m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.4 Mean northern hemisphere geopotential heights in meters for (a) the T63 nature run of the SPEEDY model at σ = 0.5 and (b) the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis at 500 hPa, shown for JJA.","*Integration began on 1950/01/01. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147\nvi\nList of Figures\n2.1 Zonal mean zonal wind in m/s for (a) the T63 nature run of the SPEEDY model and (b) the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis, shown for DJF.","17 2.8 Standard deviation of geopotential height in m for (a) the T63 nature run of the SPEEDY model at σ = 0.5 and (b) the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis at 500 hPa, shown for JJA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.9 Schematic depicting the calculation of the initial model bias. . . . . ."],"intents":[null,null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":2559254922,"citingcorpusid":15400546,"citedcorpusid":23877228,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["With respect to indirect effects, studies have shown that maternal mental health positively affects parenting quality (e.g., parental warmth) and that a high quality of parenting is associated with fewer behavior problems (Jackson et al., 2000; Levendosky et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1170998459,"citingcorpusid":152835650,"citedcorpusid":168661812,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Monitoring can help to improve future EIA decisions by improving the existing environmental knowledge (Petts, 1999b).","scoping phase; a report preparation phase; a review phase; an appeal phase; and, a monitoring phase (Petts, 1999b; United Nations Environment Programme, 2007).","In most countries, public participation takes place during the review stage of the EIA process, after the EIA report has been prepared (Bawole, 2013; Nadeem & Fischer, 2011; Petts, 1999b; Vasconcelos et al., 2000).","As already described, a fair participatory process should pay special attention to inviting and involving marginal groups, as self-selection often attracts only strong partisans who are often influential figures within the community (Fung, 2003; Goodin & Dryzek, 2006; Petts, 1999b).","Other interactive modes proposed in the scholarly literature to ensure deliberative participation include community advisory committees, planning cells, citizen panels, and focus groups (Petts, 1999b).","Thus, the level of participation practised in the EIA process of most countries falls along the lower levels of the participatory continuum and hence can be identified as consultative or even, in some cases, manipulative (Petts, 1999b).","These authors define two main procedural aspects, namely, fairness and competence (Palerm, 2000; Petts, 1999b; Webler, 1995).","However, it has been highlighted that the best methodology for enabling meaningful participation is very much countryand context-specific, and dependent on the cultural norms and the development status of the country (Petts, 1999b; Stærdahl et al., 2004).","However, the industrial revolution and steep growth in the population have since the eighteenth century resulted in an unprecedented rate of pollution and environmental degradation (Petts, 1999a).","As per article 11 (Raa4), the proponent and the regulatory agency must agree on the ToR for the EIA (EIA Regulations, 2012).","Moreover, in some countries, participation methodologies have been adopted that facilitate dialogue between participants and encourage different interests to be represented, leading to democratic decision-making through a fair and competent process (Petts, 1999b; Russo, 1999).","In most EIA systems, the public is involved during the scoping phase so as to ensure that important impacts, mitigation measures, and alternatives to examine are not overlooked in finalising the ToR (Petts, 1999b; United Nations Environment Programme, 2007).","Appeal Phase: Once the decision is made by the regulatory agency, it is\ncommon practice to define an appeal period within which the public could appeal the decision (Petts, 1999b).","The EIA process in general consists of six stages or phases: a screening phase; a scoping phase; a report preparation phase; a review phase; an appeal phase; and, a monitoring phase (Petts, 1999b; United Nations Environment Programme, 2007).","Before starting there is an EIA process, which has many steps including scoping meeting, ToR, and to approve it [the report] it takes 2 weeks, and like this, a lot of time\n100\npasses, around 1 month goes for the whole process.","Report Preparation Phase: Following scoping, the ensuing phase is to\nprepare the EIA report in accordance with the approved ToR.","In order to ensure a fair process, it is essential to ensure the involvement of marginal groups within the society (Nadeem & Fischer, 2011; Petts, 1999b).","Nevertheless, most empirical evidence suggests that public participation in the EIA process of most countries is very weak and that public input is hardly used in decision-making (Bartlett & Kurian, 1999; Bawole, 2013; Nadeem & Fischer, 2011; Petts, 1999b; Vasconcelos et al., 2000; Yang, 2008).","A legitimate criticism of EIA systems worldwide has been the unfair bias in terms of the information available to the proponents of the projects when compared to that for the participating public (Petts, 1999b; Wood, 1995).","52\nthe decision through the environmental court or through an appeals board (Petts, 1999b).","Usually the Terms of Reference (ToR) are produced at the end of the scoping meeting, and these highlight the requirements of the EIA study (United Nations Environment Programme, 2007).","In addition to providing feedback, the opportunity to challenge the final decision is an important final validity check which increases accountability and confidence in the process (Petts, 1999b).","Despite this, public participation in the EIA process of most countries remains a false promise with public involvement being kept to a bare minimum and undertaken as an administrative necessity only (Glasson et al., 2005, Petts, 1999b; Saeed et al., 2012; Vasconcelos et al., 2000; Yang, 2008).","This opportunity can have advantages in finalising the ToR.","Monitoring Phase: Monitoring refers to the follow-up phase after\nimplementation of the project; it helps to identify actual impacts of the project, determine compliance with the approval conditions, and can help to address unforeseen issues (Petts, 1999b).","scholarly literature to ensure deliberative participation include community advisory committees, planning cells, citizen panels, and focus groups (Petts, 1999b).","M, personal communication, May 10, 2014)\nIn addition, as identified in previous chapters, visits to the project implementation site can also enhance the anecdotal local knowledge of the participants (Petts, 1999b).","Site visits can also enhance the anecdotal knowledge of the participants regarding the local environment and hence can lead to better decisions through the participatory\n68\nprocess (Petts, 1999b).","Fairness can be explained as the notion that equal opportunity should exist for each affected individual or group to express its views and contribute to the development of the argument (Palerm,\n12\n2000; Petts, 1999b; Webler, 1995).","For example, in Canada, the public hearing process has been modified to make it less official and more interactive, with legal procedures such as the requirement for written submissions having been removed from the process (Petts, 1999b).","As a result, early concerns about human impact on the environment were almost exclusively based on “amenity” issues and the response was always reactive (Petts, 1999a).","These objectives are very similar to those identified above for scoping, and Petts (1999b) suggests that for this reason, in most jurisdictions, public involvement during the report preparation phase is not a legal requirement.","Petts (1999b) identifies that most EIA systems worldwide facilitate a consultative level of participation and that there are very few examples where the partnership level of participation is practised.","These are often conducted very officially, making it difficult for the affected general public, especially marginal groups such as many women, the young, the poor, and the illiterate to express their views (Nadeem & Fischer, 2011; Petts, 1999b; Yang, 2008).","In addition to loss of amenity, environmental degradation and pollution have created public health and welfare concerns, with large geographic regions and large proportions of the world’s population being affected (Petts, 1999a).","For example, the European EIA Directive requires such feedback to be provided (Petts, 1999b).","M, personal communication, May 25, 2014)\nAs identified in Chapter 5, worldwide, there has been criticisms of the EIA system because of unfair bias in terms of information available to the proponents when compared to that available to the public (Petts, 1999b; Wood, 1995).","Furthermore, in most countries, there is no feedback mechanism that explains the reasons for incorporating or not incorporating public concerns in the final decision (Petts, 1999b; Yang, 2008).","These requirements include such aspects as: studies to be undertaken; impacts to be examined; alternatives\n50\nto be considered; requirements for mitigation; and, monitoring and provisions for additional public participation (Petts, 1999b; United Nations Environment Programme, 2007).","As discussed in Chapter 2, fairness refers to the notion that equal opportunity should exist for all affected individuals or groups to express views and contribute to the development of the argument (Palerm, 2000; Petts, 1999b; Webler, 1995).","Fairness, as described in previous chapters, requires that the participatory process should ensure that equal opportunity exists for the entirety of the affected public to participate (Palerm, 2000; Petts, 1999b; Webler, 1995).","For example, in a sewerage project that was analysed, the public participation described in the EIA report was undertaken 1 year prior to even the ToR being issued.","Another essential condition to increase public confidence in the EIA process is to ensure that opportunity exists for the affected public to contribute to the decisions made through the EIA process (Petts, 1999b)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1083008196,"citingcorpusid":129731815,"citedcorpusid":128483914,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…to characterize and monitor changes in vegetation condition at different scales and levels of detail and to extrapolate this information over larger geographic areas (Frank 1984; Musick 1986; Robinove et al. 1981; Senseman et al. 1996; Tueller 1995; Tweddale et al. 2000; and Tweddale et al. 2001).","However, field surveys, when supplemented with remotely sensed imagery, do provide the necessary information to characterize and monitor changes in vegetation condition at different scales and levels of detail and to extrapolate this information over larger geographic areas (Frank 1984; Musick 1986; Robinove et al. 1981; Senseman et al. 1996; Tueller 1995; Tweddale et al. 2000; and Tweddale et al. 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3796466120,"citingcorpusid":249848037,"citedcorpusid":233356339,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Existing methods [3,29,25,30,23] trained their models from a flat-looking photograph to a visually pleasing one as one-to-one mapping, which led the models to generate an average (or mode collapse) output of the possible solutions (See Figure 1(a)).","Recent works on image retouching [8,23] focus on designing lightweight and fast algorithms using neural networks.","Recent works [23,30,8] focused on improving the efficiency of neural networks due to their high computation costs.","For instance, recent approaches [3,29,25,30,23] employ deep neural networks to transform a flat-looking image to the photograph retouched by an expert [1]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1111689418,"citingcorpusid":52905033,"citedcorpusid":128627205,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the present study, the surface flux is considered to be proportional to the net energy dissipated during the breaking process (Feddersen and Trowbridge, 2005) and the surface roughness is proportional to the significant wave height (Stacey, 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1036519684,"citingcorpusid":96439144,"citedcorpusid":143741312,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…majority of television-print experiments that found printto be a more effective news medium, used regular “adult“ television newscasts as stimulus material (Furnham & Gunter, 1985, 1987; Gunter & Furnham, 1986; Gunter, Furnham, & Gietson, 1984; Gunter, Furnham, & Leese, 1986; Wicks & Drew, 1991).","…more from the printed news than from the television stories (e.g., DeFleur, Davenport, Cronin, & DeFleur, 1992; Facorro & DeFleur, 1993; Furnham & Gunter, 1985, 1987; Gunter & Furnham, 1986; Gunter, Furnham, & Gietson, 1984; Gunter, Furnham, & Leese, 1986; Wicks & Drew, 1991; Wilson, 1974)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2547028106,"citingcorpusid":154737957,"citedcorpusid":70547689,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Reasons are that in kinship care, children are raised in a family environment, consistent with their own identity and values; and they have the opportunity to build relationship attachments with\ncarers with whom they already have a familial or social connection (Farmer and Moyers, 2008).","B a c k g rou n d\nIn developed countries, government supported kinship care is a preferred type of alternative care for children in need (Farmer and Moyers, 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1683252823,"citingcorpusid":25907278,"citedcorpusid":205550735,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In PD patients, one study showed higher malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, in hypertensive compared to normotensive patients and healthy controls; however, the levels of AOPP were not different between the hypertensive and normotensive PD patients (31)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":3177236790,"citingcorpusid":25243301,"citedcorpusid":221180201,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…against lepidopteran larvae (Konno et al. 2004); the petroleum ether leaf extract of Ficus exasperata was evaluated for insecticidal activities against Sitophilus zeamais (Arannilewa et al. 2006) and the\nlatex of Ficus benghalensis possessed insecticidal properties (Singh and Saratchandra 2005).","2004); the petroleum ether leaf extract of Ficus exasperata was evaluated for insecticidal activities against Sitophilus zeamais (Arannilewa et al. 2006) and the latex of Ficus benghalensis possessed insecticidal properties (Singh and Saratchandra 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1054840716,"citingcorpusid":109478044,"citedcorpusid":152378866,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["McLaughlin and Lee [12] discusses that the three P ́s concept will lead to a diverse range of educational experiences that are socially contextualized, engaging and generative.","The idea was, in an innovative way, to give meaning for new learning trends in and for the 21 century within personalization, participation, flexibility [8, 11, 12], how new technology can enhance teaching and learning, with concepts such as tasters, open content, learning objects [23,24], microtraining [20-22], OER [25-31] and meeting the new millennium learners demands using e-skills as a natural way of learning.","McLaughlin and Lee [12] discusses that the three P´s concept will lead to a diverse range of educational experiences that are socially contextualized, engaging and generative.","McLoghlin and Lee [12] stressed the three P´s of Pedagogy for a networked society, Personalisation, Participation and Productivity.","The impact of digital technologies, cognitive skills and learning expectations, and the evolution of social values and lifestyles are significant issues [8, 11, 12].","McLoghlin and Lee [12] stressed the three P ́s of Pedagogy for a networked society, Personalisation, Participation and Productivity."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":188896986,"citingcorpusid":16046317,"citedcorpusid":12124158,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Access to DNA sequence data from ancient hominins not only promises to revolutionise our knowledge of hominin relationships, but is also potentially informative in the context of exploring the molecular basis of human genetic disease.(8,9) We have previously cross-compared the human, chimpanzee and Neanderthal genome sequences with a set of disease-causing/disease-associated missense and regulatory mutations in order to identify genetic variants which, although apparently pathogenic in humans, may represent a ‘compensated’ wild-type state in at least one of the other two species (‘potentially compensated mutations’ [PCMs])."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4116702007,"citingcorpusid":258893909,"citedcorpusid":89202965,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Their grazing impact on macroalgal communities has been detrimental, leading to the formation and maintenance of extensive barrens or depauperate turf-dominated communities [30,31,53,54]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1794704001,"citingcorpusid":35150046,"citedcorpusid":129573816,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Salinity and temperature gradients drive convection cells that can extend through the upper centimeters to meters of permeable sediment (Rocha 2000, Webster et al. 1996)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3794412998,"citingcorpusid":249735250,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(1995) [9], Dang (2003) [6], Physical Education Section (2010) [10], Chau et al."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1512515504,"citingcorpusid":100516332,"citedcorpusid":28336300,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In temperate forests, a number of studies have demonstrated that insect herbivores influence mineral and nutrient cycling (Hollinger 1986; Hunter et al. 2003; McDowell and Likens 1988; Stadler et al. 1998; 2001; Michalzik and Stadler 2005; Reynolds and Hunter 2001) by transport of minerals and…","In temperate forests, a number of studies have demonstrated that insect herbivores influence mineral and nutrient cycling (Hollinger 1986; Hunter et al. 2003; McDowell and Likens 1988; Stadler et al. 1998; 2001; Michalzik and Stadler 2005; Reynolds and Hunter 2001) by transport of minerals and nutrients in seeds, plant debris, faeces, excretes like honeydew, and as cadavers."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":849252584,"citingcorpusid":40758806,"citedcorpusid":46246352,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Self−mutilation, which is rarely seen after a single acute trauma, is a common sequel of protracted childhood abuse (Briere, 1988; van der Kolk et al., 1991).","Briere (1988), studying outpa− tients at a crisis intervention service, reports that survivors of childhood abuse display significantly more insomnia, sexual dysfunction, dissociation, anger, suicidality, self−mutilation, drug addiction, and alcoholism than other patients."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1561957701,"citingcorpusid":122107676,"citedcorpusid":73549116,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[5, 6, 7] for some considerations in the one-dimensional case an d [18] for a twodimensional numerical study.","[18]), most of interest in this pa per is a third case, wherea andc both have to be estimated by one measurement."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2092984425,"citingcorpusid":150936285,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…I assume below that, other things equal, the firm would choose to pay benefits proportional to expected losses, h(E(L) = κ0E(L), κ0 > 0, perhaps\n10 Weber and Taylor (1963) and Deere and Wiggins (1996) attribute much of the firm’s reluctance to prespecify an advance notice policy to this motivation."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3642465394,"citingcorpusid":245828666,"citedcorpusid":23553924,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Specifically, biological indicators of human aging such as Leukocyte Telomere Length (LTL) may be another way in which racism gets under the skin and contributes to disease pathology (182)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1534186771,"citingcorpusid":199567251,"citedcorpusid":9015200,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A study examined neural responses to stimuli representing various levels of interpersonal distance preferences to strangers or friends (Perry et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":28793493,"citingcorpusid":1155902,"citedcorpusid":186682,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Beside T cells, NK cells can be effectively redirected by engineering with CARs [69].","An antibody immune response against modified T cells limits the persistence of modified T cells; CARs with humanized domains will therefore be beneficial.","T Cells in the Adoptive Therapy of B-CLL\nA panel of anti-CD19 CARs were characterized by means of laboratory methods during the last decade.","This is moreover required for the most recent “third generation” CARs with combined costimulatory domains.","Both CARs can efficiently be expressed on peripheral blood T cells and activate T cells in a CD19-dependent fashion indicated by increase in proinflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ (Figures 1(a) and 1(b)).","4-1BB-CD3ζ alone, however, is superior in antileukaemia activity in vivo compared to CD28-CD3ζ or CD28-OX40-CD3ζ CARs [32].","The redirected cytolytic activity in a short term in vitro cytotoxicity\nassay is not substantially higher by CD28-CD3ζ compared to CD3ζ CAR T cells which is in accordance to other reports using CARs of different specificities [29].","Most CARs therefore harbour the human IgG1 hinge-CH2CH3 region between the scFv and transmembrane domain.","The impact of the individual CAR domains on redirected T cell activation was recently discussed in detail [58]; we here focus on particular issues related to anti-CD19 CARs.","“First generation” CARs transmit the signal through the CD3ζ intracellular chain, “second generation” CARs added\na costimulatory domain like CD28, 4-1BB or OX40 to improve T cell persistence and activation.","These observations lead to CARs with two costimulatory domains to further improve T cell potency and persistence by augmenting the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins [31].","Lessons learnt from pre-clinical animal studies moreover suggest superior antitumor performance of CD28 and 4-1BB costimulatory CARs."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1718002538,"citingcorpusid":208235598,"citedcorpusid":5094139,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, many patients, whether seizure-free or not, suffer adverse events during the treatment course that are sometimes even worse than the seizures themselves [6]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1855887647,"citingcorpusid":129642283,"citedcorpusid":85222220,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In coastal rivers, reducedwater temperature occurred in downstream reaches and may be influenced by fog cover (Madej et al., 2006) (Figure 6).","River temperature surveys were conducted using airborne thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing (Torgersen et al., 2001; Madej et al., 2006; Handcock et al., 2012; Monk et al., 2013).","Examples are found along the Pacific coast (Madej et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2045921611,"citingcorpusid":201066394,"citedcorpusid":207217221,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[11, 12] proposed a mathematical model for image dehazing and their method has been further improved by using the color-lines method.","[3], Fattal [12], Zhu et al.","And Fattal [12] showed that the atmospheric light value plays a key role in the dehazing process."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":795570587,"citingcorpusid":9564322,"citedcorpusid":11724896,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Because memantine is a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, it is an interesting candidate for addressing the role of NMDA receptor overactivation (with limited effects on normal physiologic glutamate signaling) in patients with MS (30, 31)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":187920801,"citingcorpusid":44013338,"citedcorpusid":11724896,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, studies have found that memantine effectively blocks NMDA receptor activity in the presence of prolonged elevations of glutamate concentrations (13)(Fig.","But dynorphin A(1-13) can also inhibit NMDA receptor activation in a voltage-independent manner that is noncompetitive with either NMDA or glycine but is dependent on the NR2 subunit, being greatest for NR2A."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1551879370,"citingcorpusid":126484093,"citedcorpusid":125265552,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…confirmed that the trends previously obtained using MK test are mostly caused by multi-decadal variability and cannot be expected to continue (Khan et al. 2018a; Lacombe and Rockstroh 2012; Markonis and Koutsoyiannis 2016; Nashwan and Shahid 2018; Nashwan et al. 2018; Salman et al. 2017a, b, 2018)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3225949720,"citingcorpusid":216477530,"citedcorpusid":85545311,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recently, the impaired gut microbiome and its metabolites were shown to trigger inflammation in the central nervous system, leading to alterations in the levels of neurotransmitters through the vagal afferent fibers (Bostanciklioglu 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":570316360,"citingcorpusid":55637551,"citedcorpusid":22646829,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["When sensitive plants exposed to dark condition, the phytochrome types I quantity is increasing 100 times, therefore cell actively divided and grow due to phototrophic effects (Jaime and Yolima, 2006; Ingrid and Andrea, 2011; Johnson et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4047318133,"citingcorpusid":246438766,"citedcorpusid":168945275,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In fact, foreign direct investments (FDIs) in different value chain activities make it possible for MNCs to fully exploit their own proprietary assets, but also to explore, evaluate, absorb, and recombine local competencies (Castellani & Zanfei, 2006; Meyer et  al., 2011).","…subsidiaries\n1 3\nappear to be a prevailing strategy to quickly enter in new expanding markets and tap into knowledge assets of emerging economies (Awate, et al., 2015; Castellani & Zanfei, 2006; Castellani et  al., 2017; Chaturvedi & Chataway, 2006; Mudambi et  al., 2014; von Zedtwitz, 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1955301692,"citingcorpusid":15290726,"citedcorpusid":84752553,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Initially, species of E. americana of the waters of Rhode Island from the Atlantic coast of the United States of America was described by Williams in 1906\nRUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS Vol. 7 No. 4 2016\nISOLATED POPULATIONS OF Eurytemora americana WILLIAMS 401\n(Williams, 1906).","…****e-mail: nvpnataly@yandex.ru\n*****e-mail: Sami.Souissi@univ-lille1.fr Received July 28, 2015\nAbstract—Molecular-genetic study of isolated populations of Eurytemora in the White Sea showed its undoubted proximity to the native North American populations of Eurytemora americana, Williams 1906.","Also, the White Sea Eurytemora had no differences in the lengths of spines on 8–12 segments\n400\nRUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS Vol. 7 No. 4 2016\nSUKHIKH et al.\nof geniculate antennules of the males (Fig."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2910904565,"citingcorpusid":45669367,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The Itoh and Rudokas model is one of the more interesting theoretical expressions, [1].","Various theoretical analyses on the parallel-plate dielectric resonator has been reported in several publications and used for dielectric resonator related designs and dielectric properties (dielectric constant and dielectric loss) measurements in microwave frequencies, [1-5].","INTRODUCTION Resonance techniques are widely used for measurements of microwave dielectric properties (complex permittivity, \" ' ε ε ε j r + = ) [1-6], i.","From Itoh and Rudokas model, the electric fields in each region for the TE 2 1 L L L h + + = 01δ mode are denoted by the subscripts 1 to 6 and expressed as, [1,2]: ) cos( ) ( 1 1 1 φ β φ − = z r k J E E I ci o (6a)"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":443186571,"citingcorpusid":5936077,"citedcorpusid":30913522,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Alternatively, there is evidence that chemokines may be presented to T-cells by proteoglycans in the ECM (Gilat et al, 1994), cell-surface proteoglycans, such as CD44 (Tanaka et al, 1993a), or promiscuous chemokine receptors, such as the Duffy blood group antigen (Horuk et al, 1994)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":787985529,"citingcorpusid":16169410,"citedcorpusid":8697885,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["HS proteoglycans are known to be necessary for signaling of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and are involved in the gradient formation of morphogens such as hedgehog or bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) (16)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1678288759,"citingcorpusid":205013799,"citedcorpusid":57219594,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, maternal protein intake (specifically that from dairy sources) was found to be associated with increased birth weight (23, 87–89), particularly among studies that assessed maternal intake periconceptionally and in very early pregnancy, in both developed (87–89) and developing/low-income (23, 90) populations.","(90) found both low and high protein intakes in the second and third trimesters to be associated with decreased birth weight but also found protein intake to be adequate among most women, even in this low-income cohort."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2036640834,"citingcorpusid":202222336,"citedcorpusid":140005598,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The helical carbon nanotubes once added to PLA matrix give a boost to ductility of PLA as well as its impact strength.(18) The nanoparticles of ZnO if added to PLA matrix results in improvement of tensile strength and also the composite shows a good barrier property to UV light as well as to water vapour."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":7979195,"citingcorpusid":8241709,"citedcorpusid":24528949,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Of the 273 published studies identified by systematic search of the literature, 92 were PZQ treatment trials; of these, 37 studies had an endpoint for efficacy beyond 2 months and were excluded, leaving 55 studies (41 comparative, 14 non-comparative) with an endpoint within 8 weeks [14]–[68]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3882364531,"citingcorpusid":19421639,"citedcorpusid":14200887,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These include Krax20Egr-2 (7, 8) and egr-1/zif268/NGFI-A (6, 9, 52), which encode zinc finger proteins; cyr6l (23), which encodes a 41-kDa secreted protein; and members of the actin gene family."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1097121315,"citingcorpusid":138773990,"citedcorpusid":12469757,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This thermal cycle should be as small as possible to minimize the replication errors due to different thermal expansion coefficients of mold and polymer [17, 24, 25].","4 Schematic of hot embossing machine adapted from [25].","Polymer devices are usually fabricated using hot embossing, injection molding, atmospheric molding, laser ablation, and soft lithography [17, 21, 23-33]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2211308722,"citingcorpusid":18314718,"citedcorpusid":154112074,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In the last couple of years there have been numerous papers in Econometrics on inference in partially identified models, many of which focused on inference about the identifiable parameters in models defined by moment inequalities (see, among others, Imbens and Manski (2004), Chernozhukov, Hong, and Tamer (2007), Romano and Shaikh (2008), Rosen (2008), Andrews and Guggenberger (2009b)(AG from now on), Fan and Park (2009), Stoye (2009), Andrews and Soares (2010)(AS from now on), Bugni (2010), and Canay (2010)).","Grieco (2009) and Ciliberto and Tamer (2010)). However, the linear structure and the parametric family of distributions for uj are typically taken as given. One justification for this asymmetry in the way assumptions are treated lies behind the idea that there are certain assumptions that directly affect the behavior of the agents in the structural model (and partial identification aims to perform robust inference with respect to this group of assumptions), while there are other assumptions that are made out of computational and analytical convenience (i.e., functional forms and distributional assumptions). Here we will not discuss the nature of a certain assumption,3 but rather we will take the set of moment (in)equalities as given and study how different inferential methods perform when the maintained set of assumptions is allowed to be violated (i.e., when we allow the model to be misspecified). There are two basic approaches to such an analysis that we briefly describe below. First, if the nature of the misspecification remains constant throughout the sample, we say that the model is globally misspecified. In this context, the object of interest becomes a pseudo-true value of the parameter of interest, which is typically defined as the parameter value associated with the distribution that is closest (according to some metric) to the true data generating process.4 An extensive discussion of this type of misspecification in the context of over-identified moment equality models can be found in Hall and Inoue (2003). In the context of partially identified models, Ponomareva and Tamer (2010) discuss the impact of global misspecification on the set of identifiable parameters and show that parameters obtained from methods designed for incomplete models do not match those obtained from the same models had those been complete. Second, if the data do not satisfy the population moment condition for any finite sample size, but do so in the limit as the sample size goes to infinity, we say that the model is locally misspecified. By its very nature, this type of analysis provides guidance in situations where the true model is just a small perturbation away from the model proposed by the researcher. Newey (1985) applies this type of analysis in the context of over-identified moment equality models. More recently Guggenberger (2009) studies the properties of linear IV estimators under local violations of exogeneity conditions, while Kitamura, Otsu, and Evdokimov (2009) consider local deviations within shrinking topological neighborhoods of point","Grieco (2009) and Ciliberto and Tamer (2010)). However, the linear structure and the parametric family of distributions for uj are typically taken as given. One justification for this asymmetry in the way assumptions are treated lies behind the idea that there are certain assumptions that directly affect the behavior of the agents in the structural model (and partial identification aims to perform robust inference with respect to this group of assumptions), while there are other assumptions that are made out of computational and analytical convenience (i.e., functional forms and distributional assumptions). Here we will not discuss the nature of a certain assumption,3 but rather we will take the set of moment (in)equalities as given and study how different inferential methods perform when the maintained set of assumptions is allowed to be violated (i.e., when we allow the model to be misspecified). There are two basic approaches to such an analysis that we briefly describe below. First, if the nature of the misspecification remains constant throughout the sample, we say that the model is globally misspecified. In this context, the object of interest becomes a pseudo-true value of the parameter of interest, which is typically defined as the parameter value associated with the distribution that is closest (according to some metric) to the true data generating process.4 An extensive discussion of this type of misspecification in the context of over-identified moment equality models can be found in Hall and Inoue (2003). In the context of partially identified models, Ponomareva and Tamer (2010) discuss the impact of global misspecification on the set of identifiable parameters and show that parameters obtained from methods designed for incomplete models do not match those obtained from the same models had those been complete. Second, if the data do not satisfy the population moment condition for any finite sample size, but do so in the limit as the sample size goes to infinity, we say that the model is locally misspecified. By its very nature, this type of analysis provides guidance in situations where the true model is just a small perturbation away from the model proposed by the researcher. Newey (1985) applies this type of analysis in the context of over-identified moment equality models.","Grieco (2009) and Ciliberto and Tamer (2010)). However, the linear structure and the parametric family of distributions for uj are typically taken as given. One justification for this asymmetry in the way assumptions are treated lies behind the idea that there are certain assumptions that directly affect the behavior of the agents in the structural model (and partial identification aims to perform robust inference with respect to this group of assumptions), while there are other assumptions that are made out of computational and analytical convenience (i.e., functional forms and distributional assumptions). Here we will not discuss the nature of a certain assumption,3 but rather we will take the set of moment (in)equalities as given and study how different inferential methods perform when the maintained set of assumptions is allowed to be violated (i.e., when we allow the model to be misspecified). There are two basic approaches to such an analysis that we briefly describe below. First, if the nature of the misspecification remains constant throughout the sample, we say that the model is globally misspecified. In this context, the object of interest becomes a pseudo-true value of the parameter of interest, which is typically defined as the parameter value associated with the distribution that is closest (according to some metric) to the true data generating process.4 An extensive discussion of this type of misspecification in the context of over-identified moment equality models can be found in Hall and Inoue (2003). In the context of partially identified models, Ponomareva and Tamer (2010) discuss the impact of global misspecification on the set of identifiable parameters and show that parameters obtained from methods designed for incomplete models do not match those obtained from the same models had those been complete."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":3332909669,"citingcorpusid":234010831,"citedcorpusid":122231688,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["According to van DrielGesztelyi and Green (2015) and Waldmeier (1955), the development of a group proceeds as follows: at the beginning the area of the group increases rapidly (the magnetic flux tube emerges from the generation zone (Solanki et al., 1999)), reaches the maximum, and then its area…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1030029002,"citingcorpusid":91002371,"citedcorpusid":256129697,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["seems that Bertoni overlooked several previous reports. Storer (1989) reported a first-year female (UMMZ 1647a) collected by W.","Chroicocephalus maculipennis: Bertoni (1919) claimed the first record of the Brown-hooded Gull for Paraguay, a now lost specimen that was collected by his brother Werner during July 1916 at Puerto Bertoni, Alto Paraná dept. (25o39'S; 54o36'W)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":100911852,"citingcorpusid":355903,"citedcorpusid":4751961,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although 6–8 courses of CHOP or R-CHOP chemotherapy are standard treatment regimens recommended by NCCN guidelines [10], there is still a high risk of early treatment failure and high relapse rate in young patients with aaIPI >1 [11].","There are no uniform regimens that are recommended in young patients with DLBCL and aaIPI >1 [10,11]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1890360964,"citingcorpusid":355903,"citedcorpusid":6353453,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It commonly occurs in middleaged adults and the elderly [1,2].","Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of adult non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), accounting for 30–40% of all NHL cases [1,2]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4116276280,"citingcorpusid":258864849,"citedcorpusid":51711406,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["GIS-facilitated analysis of OOD in states including Ohio [6] and New York [7] and municipalities including Flint [8] and San Francisco [9] suggests that overdose also shows distinct spatial clustering within local areas.","Data collected during the first and second waves (1999–2014) often found that rates of OOD were higher in areas with more White residents [8, 10] and higher opioid prescribing rates [7, 11]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2089197540,"citingcorpusid":1601285,"citedcorpusid":14553374,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Borjas et al. (1997), for example, claim that native mobility effectively undoes any local impact of immigrant inflows.13 Importantly, however, Borjas et al. (1997) focus only on total population, not on the relative size of different skill groups.","Concerns over immigration have also been heightened by the decline in low skilled wages in the US and the belief that some of this may be due to immigrant competition (Borjas et al., 1997).","In view of the weak correlation between local wages and local immigrant supplies, some researchers – notably Borjas et al. (1996, 1997) and Borjas (2003) – have argued that aggregate time series analyses are required to measure the full impacts of immigration on native wages."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1831792168,"citingcorpusid":212657929,"citedcorpusid":108509283,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…2015); on the other hand, there are many valuable elements in them, such as rare earths, uranium, and thorium, which play significant roles in the development of future energy, high-end equipment, and other advancements of various key technologies (Li et al., 2014; Zhang, 2014; Emsbo et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3832529300,"citingcorpusid":10079997,"citedcorpusid":40471728,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, the PM from biomass burning has serious effects on human health, including respiratory symptoms and cardiovascular morbidity, as well as adult mortality in high-risk groups (Balduzzi, 2003; Wiwanitkit, 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2775841917,"citingcorpusid":28651127,"citedcorpusid":99291949,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[4] A."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":3326256642,"citingcorpusid":233778209,"citedcorpusid":155481003,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A city’s community and political attributes are captured by racial, age and socio-economic demographics and are expected to reflect a community’s political and environmental needs for sustainability (Krause 2011; Lubell, Feiock, and Ramírez de la Cruz 2009; Saha 2009; Svara, Watt, and Jang 2012).","Consistent with prior works, this additive effect suggests a positive relationship between stable and supportive multilevel governance environments and local abilities to commit to sustainability endeavors (Hawkins 2011; Saha 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2262927511,"citingcorpusid":118515935,"citedcorpusid":119207567,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Direct comparison between the X-ray and IR results is problematic due to the strong selection effects that arise from constructing each sample (Mendez et al. 2016).","The statistical significance of the difference also varies greatly from study to study, and indeed other groups report no difference between the two types (Geach et al. 2013; Mendez et al. 2016).","As emphasized by Mendez et al. (2016), the different wavelengths select different types of host galaxies, and, since the size of the true effect may be small, its not clear if the two sets of measurements represent a fundamental disagreement.","Observationally, differences in the host halo masses of Type 1 and 2 AGNs have been typically been very small (DiPompeo et al. 2016), or non-existent (Mendez et al. 2016)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2262927342,"citingcorpusid":118515935,"citedcorpusid":16775050,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…the fact that the fraction of obscured AGNs appears to increase with z indicates that the obscuring region is connected to the overall evolution of the host galaxy (La Franca et al. 2005; Ballantyne, Everett & Murray 2006; Treister & Urry 2006; Hasinger 2008; Ueda et al. 2014; Buchner et al. 2015)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":948519145,"citingcorpusid":27444097,"citedcorpusid":39190280,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Memo-3D ring is semi-rigid and it should restore the geometry of the mitral annulus and leaflet and to adjust to mitral annulus dynamics during the cardiac cycle [19, 20]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4115085914,"citingcorpusid":258836735,"citedcorpusid":235757132,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, they encourage the survival of cancer cells by inducing a number of factors, like stimulating angiogenesis [27] and formation of pre-metastasis microenvironment as well as other non-immune mechanisms to stimulate the growth of tumors [28]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3768278844,"citingcorpusid":233867626,"citedcorpusid":3351332,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Another phase II trial reported one fatality owing to a ruptured liver tumour within 30 days of receiving the last dose of lenvatinib [10]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2315485976,"citingcorpusid":156022494,"citedcorpusid":154651428,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…(De Spiegeleer and Schoutens 2012); a Heston process with a Hull-White interest rate (Di Girolamo et al. 2012); a binomial approach (Buergi 2012, Buergi 2013); a b-Variance Gamma model based on a Levy process (Corcuera et al. 2011); a closed form pricing under a Black-Scholes (BS) setting…"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2894111532,"citingcorpusid":204616461,"citedcorpusid":17126483,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Some studies with the SMBT have documented their familiarization protocol [1,5,6,12,29,32,33,34]; however, many fail to report the protocols used [8,10,16,35], while others don’t specify whether or not familiarization was used [15].","Many studies reported using warm up trials [6,8,12,16,29,32-34], which may aid familiarization [31].","The SMBT is a relatively simple and easy-to-master movement [1,5] that can be applied to many different populations including children [6], athletes [4,7], healthy adults [8,9], and older adults [1].","Restricted release angle appears to be largely unnecessary given that numerous studies including the present study have found reliable performances despite not controlling release angle in a variety of populations [1,6,15]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1708944801,"citingcorpusid":207503424,"citedcorpusid":17126483,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Despite the importance of muscular power, its assessment is sometimes limited as measurement equipment can be expensive, and complex and few field tests exist for the assessment of power in the older adult population (6,12,17).","(6), the SMBTwas used as the field test for validation.","However, a low-cost, easy-to-administer field test of upper body power in the older adult is needed because it has direct value for achieving an accurate, specific assessment of upper body function (1,2,6).","These current reliability measures were similar to that reported for medicine ball throws in older African American women (2) and kindergarten children (6) and a like task (i."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":823496547,"citingcorpusid":2442253,"citedcorpusid":38346263,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["T-helper 2 lymphocytes release cytokines (IL-3, IL-4, IL-5) that promote IgE production, eosinophil chemoattraction, eosinophil survival and mast cell recruitment.(16) Interleukin-5 stimulates CD34+ progenitor cells in the bone marrow to differentiate into eosinophils(17) and plays a central role in eosinophil mobilization from the bone marrow."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2607870554,"citingcorpusid":46249461,"citedcorpusid":16726937,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["coli, MS11 recD mutants were shown to exhibit elevated pilE/pilS recombination using two distinct assays (Chaussee et al., 1999; Hill & Grant, 2002).","Therefore, the involvement of RecBCD recombination pathway in pilE/pilS recombination was reassessed in strain MS11 where contrasting observations to FA1090 have been made (Chaussee et al., 1999; Hill et al., 2007).","Currently, there still remains some debate around the involvement of the RecBCD recombination pathway, as mutants in this pathway display reduced, but still easily quantitated, rates of transformation (Mehr & Seifert, 1998; Chaussee et al., 1999).","coli counterpart in a different strain, strain MS11 (Chaussee et al., 1999).","Consistent with this phenotype in E. coli, MS11 recD mutants were shown to exhibit elevated pilE/pilS recombination using two distinct assays (Chaussee et al., 1999; Hill & Grant, 2002).","…et al., 1994; Kuzminov, 1999), the recombination/repair phenotype of the FA1090 recB mutant was somewhat surprising, especially as the gonococcal RecBCD enzyme displays similar enzymatic properties as its E. coli counterpart in a different strain, strain MS11 (Chaussee et al., 1999)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3472853537,"citingcorpusid":237523500,"citedcorpusid":202283826,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is reinforced by Nurgiyantoro (2019) who argues that novels are the ideals that transcend all time and space; those which are valid for all people regardless of race or religion; the ones which unite strangers, families, nation all of humanity with God.","Moral values provide a structure for human life (Suryaman, 2018; Nurgiyantoro, 2019)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1583240679,"citingcorpusid":158130272,"citedcorpusid":141668886,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The time lag between the conceptualization of Hay’s and Hunt’s review essays and their ultimate publication may perhaps account for the omission of Ifi Amadiume’s Male Daughters, Female Husbands (1987) from the discussion. With the benefit of hindsight, however, Amadiume is striking in her absence from these two essays, particularly in the light of Hunt’s (1989) ambition to “‘perceive’ the meanings assigned to, associated with and claimed by women and men” (p. 373, referring to Ardener, 1975). On the basis of her study of Nnobi (Nigeria), Amadiume (1987) explained that “the flexibility of Igbo gender construction meant that gender was separate from biological sex” (p.","The time lag between the conceptualization of Hay’s and Hunt’s review essays and their ultimate publication may perhaps account for the omission of Ifi Amadiume’s Male Daughters, Female Husbands (1987) from the discussion. With the benefit of hindsight, however, Amadiume is striking in her absence from these two essays, particularly in the light of Hunt’s (1989) ambition to “‘perceive’ the meanings assigned to, associated with and claimed by women and men” (p.","On the basis of her study of Nnobi (Nigeria), Amadiume (1987) explained that “the flexibility of Igbo gender construction meant that gender was separate from biological sex” (p. 15).","The time lag between the conceptualization of Hay’s and Hunt’s review essays and their ultimate publication may perhaps account for the omission of Ifi Amadiume’s Male Daughters, Female Husbands (1987) from the discussion."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1733780052,"citingcorpusid":73025212,"citedcorpusid":141668886,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["47\nWomen’s industriousness (productivity) was encouraged in pre-colonial Igbo societies\n(Amadiume, 1987).","Amadiume (1987) emphasizes the matrilineal dual-sex systems established in pre-colonial Nigerian Igbo societies, which made it possible for women to enjoy some autonomy, power, and privileges that were taken away from them with the colonial advent.","Amadiume (1987) reported similar gender imbalance in the provision of educational services in the British colonial Igbo society of Nigeria (former British colony); here, enrollment figures show that boys had a head start over girls in the early years of Western education in Igboland (Amadiume, 1987).","47 Women’s industriousness (productivity) was encouraged in pre-colonial Igbo societies (Amadiume, 1987).","” As in Yoruba society, pre-colonial Igbo women enjoyed tremendous economic power (Amadiume, 1987).","She is the supernatural, the greatest goddess worshipped in Igbo society (Amadiume, 1987).","The council of Ekwe title holders participates with men in political decision-making at the extra-descent level of the political administration system (Amadiume, 1987, p. 53).","embedded in the patriarchal ideology gives way to matriarchal notions (Amadiume, 1987).","As in Yoruba society, pre-colonial Igbo women enjoyed tremendous economic power (Amadiume, 1987).","For example, the Ekwe title, only taken by women and associated with the goddess Edemili “had a strong association with a woman’s economic abilities” (Amadiume, 1987, p. 42).","In the Central Province, enrollment figures for the 19 government schools show 1038 boys for only 132 girls for the same year (Amadiume, 1987, p. 134).","Amadiume (1987) reported similar gender imbalance in the provision of educational services in the British colonial Igbo society of Nigeria (former British colony); here, enrollment figures show that boys had a head start over girls in the early years of Western education in Igboland (Amadiume,…","She is the supernatural, the greatest goddess worshipped in Igbo society (Amadiume, 1987). Washington (2005) brings further evidence in support of the Yoruba female spiritual","At this level, the maleness embedded in the patriarchal ideology gives way to matriarchal notions (Amadiume, 1987).","…(1987) reported similar gender imbalance in the provision of educational services in the British colonial Igbo society of Nigeria (former British colony); here, enrollment figures show that boys had a head start over girls in the early years of Western education in Igboland (Amadiume, 1987)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2392449174,"citingcorpusid":82826431,"citedcorpusid":163653482,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Buenavista (5 Buena Vista of modern maps and gazetteers) and Provincia Sara are the only localities for Eutrachelophis steinbachi shown on map 1, although the old ‘‘Province Sara’’ [Provincia Gutiérrez]—the type locality—is a region rather than a single collecting site.8 José Steinbach lived in Buena Vista (17u279S, 63u409W), the most frequently mentioned locality.","His locality Rı́o ‘‘Sirutu’’ for a UMMZ specimen may be one of several spelling variants of Rı́o Surutú, a known Steinbach locality (Paynter, 1992: 142–143).","The name Provincia Gutiérrez appears to be a more recent replacement for Provincia Sara (Paynter, 1992: 59, 138)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":235364400,"citingcorpusid":16652296,"citedcorpusid":7182577,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ERM proteins interact with scaffolding proteins\nThe N-terminal domain binds the cytoplasmic adaptor protein Na+/H+-exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF), also called ezrin/radixin/moesin binding phosphoprotein 50 (EBP50) (Reczek et al.,\n1997).","Furthermore, activation of the EGFR has been demonstrated to induce EBP50 expression in vitro (Lazar et al., 2004).","Conversely, increased expression of EBP50 has been shown to downregulate EGFR activity suggesting a negative feedback between EGFR and EBP50 (Claperon et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":957243657,"citingcorpusid":11296845,"citedcorpusid":27719313,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A recent forum on glutathione in Free Radical Biology and Medicineprovides more information on GSH and its cellular functions [59], regulation of GSH synthesis [60], gene expression and thiol redox state [52], BCL-2 and GSH [61], glutathione peroxidases [62], thiol-dependent hydroperoxide metabolism in parasites [63], and export pumps for GSH S-conjugates [64]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1961108485,"citingcorpusid":11814531,"citedcorpusid":11911055,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In fact, the synaesthetic colour of ambiguous stimuli (e.g., the “O” in 9O89 and LOVE) typically changes in accordance with the surrounding lexical context (Dixon, Smilek, Duffy, Zanna, & Merikle, 2006; Ramachandran & Hubbard, 2003a).","Not so long ago, the most common explanation of synaesthesia was in terms of memory associations, possibly due to a learning experience in early childhood (Ramachandran & Hubbard, 2001b, 2003a).","In other words, these reports suggest that synaesthesia is much better described as a sensory phenomenon, and it certainly cannot be seen as a high-level memory association (Ramachandran & Hubbard, 2001a, 2001b, 2003a).","This phenomenon inspired Ramachandran and Hubbard, leading them to develop a local cross-activation model that accounts for the emergence of photisms in lexical-chromatic synaesthetes (Ramachandran & Hubbard, 2001b, 2003b; Hubbard & Ramachandran, 2005).","Ramachandran and Hubbard (2003b) note that people frequently tend to form the same synaesthetic associations—for example, in the case of associating particular visual shapes to sounds (Köhler, 1929).","Ramachandran and Hubbard ( 2001b ,  2003b ; Hubbard & Ramachandran,  2005 ) proposed an alternative higher versus lower distinction, motivated by differences in the level of representation of the inducing stimulus."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2857838415,"citingcorpusid":8913179,"citedcorpusid":7182577,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As an alternative to the ERM protein-plasma membrane interaction, ezrin was reported to indirectly bind to Na 1 /H 1 exchanger 3 (NHE3) via a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein called EBP50 or NHE-RF (Reczek et al., 1997; Yun et al., 1997; Murthy et al., 1998)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":335987762,"citingcorpusid":12256571,"citedcorpusid":787807,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In agreement with this hypothesis, several general transcription factors, such as TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIH and the Mediator complex, have been described in linking transcription initiation and Pol II termination [59,60,61,62,63]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3268486369,"citingcorpusid":129627703,"citedcorpusid":140539162,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This deformation affects the Last Glacial (Würm) moraines and distorts the entire slope bottom (Barnolas and Chiron, 1996), indicating that the age of this movement is younger than 10 kyr BP (Fabre et al., 2003)."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1175191797,"citingcorpusid":9654502,"citedcorpusid":14034078,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recently, galvanometer scanners were utilized in real-time commercial OCT systems because of their linear scanning patterns, fast scanning abilities, and precise positioning.(15,16) However, the use of the galvanometer scanners to develop endoscopic or small-sized handheld probes for imaging internal organs (e."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":935621197,"citingcorpusid":20809350,"citedcorpusid":27719313,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many physiological functions of GSH have been clarified such as protecting cells against oxidants and free radicalmediated injures in organisms; maintaining some proteins, ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol in their reductive form; storing and transporting cysteine between cells (Neil et al. 1996; Helmut 1999).","…functions of GSH have been clarified such\nas protecting cells against oxidants and free radicalmediated injures in organisms; maintaining some proteins, ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol in their reductive form; storing and transporting cysteine between cells (Neil et al. 1996; Helmut 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":285975684,"citingcorpusid":6986020,"citedcorpusid":25579891,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 1995); likewise, injected BVg1 may cross-react with receptors for other TGF-b family proteins (Cooke et al., 1994) can produce such twins, which we found in preliminary experiments to give similar results members.","Likewise, induction of ectopic streaks with activin and WntHemmati-Brivanlou et al., 1995); likewise, injected BVg1 may cross-react with receptors for other TGF-b family proteins (Cooke et al., 1994) can produce such twins, which we found in preliminary experiments to give similar resultsmembers."],"intents":[["result"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":42857126,"citingcorpusid":2875984,"citedcorpusid":7759960,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These studies have successfully identified enhancers for the fetal adrenal (19), ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (18), and pituitary gonadotrope (20).","Thus far, we have identified enhancers in the fetal adrenal cortex (19), ventromedial hypothalamus (18), and pituitary gonadotrope (20) in the introns of the A","We previously demonstrated that Ad4BP/SF-1 gene transcription in the fetal adrenal cortex is regulated in two steps by a fetal adrenal enhancer that controls both initiation and maintenance (19).","Localization of a fetal Leydig cell-specific enhancer in the Ad4BP/SF-1 gene Our previous studies using the whole Ad4BP/SF-1 gene locus succeeded in identifying tissue-specific enhancers for the fetal adrenal (19), ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (18), and pituitary gonadotrope (20)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2823909546,"citingcorpusid":83963945,"citedcorpusid":27719313,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["references (Meister and Anderson 1983, Lamoureux and Rusness 1989, Meister 1983,  Sies 1999,  Anderson 1997, Wonisch et al. 1997, Heldt and Heldt 1996).","Novel functions of GSH are emerging ( Sies 1999 )."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1709318826,"citingcorpusid":139551063,"citedcorpusid":27719313,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Intracellular GSH concentration is generally considered to be in the range of 1 - 11 mM, levels that greatly exceed free cysteine concentration [268, 269].","Glutathione has been identified as a useful release tool for nanoparticle-bound cargoes, due to the markedly greater concentration of intracellular GSH (1 - 11 mM [268, 269]) over extracellular GSH (2 μM) [304]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1204824461,"citingcorpusid":43398944,"citedcorpusid":27719313,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1028207316,"citingcorpusid":90527995,"citedcorpusid":38130112,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Cross-linked as well as non-crosslinked collagens are used in commercially available devices [3] and it has been demonstrated with several types of collagen that cross-linking strengthens the scaffold and reduces its degradation significantly [6,7].","Additionally, macrophages play an important role in inflammatory (M1; macrophages) and anti-inflammatory (M2; macrophages) responses of the immune system via the release of cytokines [6,7]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1174973540,"citingcorpusid":131540665,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similar reports were published for data from 1990-1994 (Colbourne 1994), 1995 and 1996 (Colbourne 1996,1997,1998,1999 and 2000).","The extent to which these oceanographic anomalies may have influenced the 3Ps region are documented by several studies (Hutchings and Myers 1994; Moguedet and Mahe 1991; Battaglia and Poulard 1987; Forest and Poulard 1981; Colbourne 1994,1996,1999).","Examination of deeper (200–400 m) bottom temperatures revealed considerable variability, but no significant trend from 1950 to 1996 (Colbourne 1996)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2675874859,"citingcorpusid":571593,"citedcorpusid":146370364,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The results seem stronger for translation priming (Gollan et al. 1997; Grainger & Frenck-Mestre 1998; especially when the prime is in the first language and the target in the second language; Jiang 1999), possibly because translation equivalents are more strongly associated at the semantic level."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2606661245,"citingcorpusid":32128524,"citedcorpusid":23745266,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Certainly, mutagenesis data from several groups suggests that preventing phosphorylation of serine and/or threonine residues in the C-terminus of the d-opioid receptor blocks receptor internalization across a variety of cell lines, although this effect is not always complete (Trapaidze et al. 1996; Zhao et al. 1997; Murray et al. 1998; Kouhen et al. 2000; Whistler et al. 2001; Zhang et al. 2005; Navratilova et al. 2007).","…in the C-terminus of the d-opioid receptor blocks receptor internalization across a variety of cell lines, although this effect is not always complete (Trapaidze et al. 1996; Zhao et al. 1997; Murray et al. 1998; Kouhen et al. 2000; Whistler et al. 2001; Zhang et al. 2005; Navratilova et al. 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2715221613,"citingcorpusid":81492783,"citedcorpusid":23745266,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1139657748,"citingcorpusid":151644044,"citedcorpusid":146370364,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Instead, general processing principles, such as higher resting states of HF words than LF counterparts (Jiang, 1999), may account for differences in processing speed.","It is also supported by observations of common priming effects across languages, with the different priming strengths more likely related to word frequency effects (Basnight-Brown & Altarriba, 2007; Jiang, 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1557066735,"citingcorpusid":155832291,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The case was not solved by the police (Dubina, 1998).","The damage was estimated at $3,000, but the worst of it was the loss of a data base that had been created throughout the eight-year existence of the newspaper (Dubina, 1998)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1557066633,"citingcorpusid":155832291,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["BM. (2007).","It is generally easier for users of Internet at work and in home local area networks to conceal themselves because there is a large number of people behind one common IP-address (BM, 2007)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3903883228,"citingcorpusid":15541789,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Besides the above challenges we also mention some of requirements for modeling e-Government processes given in [2]:","The advantages and difficulties related to the (re-)engineering of public services are discussed in [1,2,3,6].","However, as pointed out also in [2], customizations are needed to make the representation clear and usable.","The importance of modeling in the legal framework and documenting the knowledge about the legal constraints within the process model itself is stated in [2,23].","One of the most recent trends undertaken by the ICT community in the support of public administration (PA) is based on the use of business process modeling (BPR) techniques [1,2,3]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3323850226,"citingcorpusid":233694479,"citedcorpusid":114613114,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It can be found that the maximum value of the vertical stress is about twice the maximum value of the horizontal stress, which is consistent with the law of stress distribution under K0 consolidation conditions (Adden and Trevor, 1996), K0 is approximately equal to 0.5.","It can be found that the maximum value of the vertical stress is about twice the maximum value of the horizontal stress, which is consistent with the law of stress distribution under K0 consolidation conditions (Adden and Trevor, 1996), K0 is approximately equal to 0."],"intents":[["result"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":2974267165,"citingcorpusid":86071225,"citedcorpusid":84613092,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["His findings were issued first by Murray and Boodle (1888) on green algae and, much later, by Kuckuck (1929) on brown algae.","The marine benthic algae of New Caledonia have been sporadically documented since the first records appeared as part of Kützing’s (1863a,b, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869) comprehensively illustrated 20volume Tabulae Phycologicae, in which he describes 66 new species from New Caledonia based on specimens collected by Eugéne Vieillard during the years 1855– 1867. The type specimens on which these records are based have recently been critically re-examined, the result of which has been many name changes and new combinations for species that have been unwittingly redescribed by later authors (Millar & Prud’homme van Reine 2005). Collections, by presumably amateur collectors, were also published by Sauvageau (1901). The German amateur phycologist Grunow was the first algal specialist to actually collect in New Caledonia (in 1884), but because he never held a formal scientific position, he sent his specimens to others, often with suggested names. His findings were issued first by Murray and Boodle (1888) on green algae and, much later, by Kuckuck (1929) on brown algae.","The marine benthic algae of New Caledonia have been sporadically documented since the first records appeared as part of Kützing’s (1863a,b, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869) comprehensively illustrated 20volume Tabulae Phycologicae, in which he describes 66 new species from New Caledonia based on specimens collected by Eugéne Vieillard during the years 1855– 1867. The type specimens on which these records are based have recently been critically re-examined, the result of which has been many name changes and new combinations for species that have been unwittingly redescribed by later authors (Millar & Prud’homme van Reine 2005). Collections, by presumably amateur collectors, were also published by Sauvageau (1901). The German amateur phycologist Grunow was the first algal specialist to actually collect in New Caledonia (in 1884), but because he never held a formal scientific position, he sent his specimens to others, often with suggested names.","The New Caledonian plants match in all respects the anatomy and morphology of those from the western Australian coast of the Indian Ocean illustrated by Huisman (2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2781129178,"citingcorpusid":221272619,"citedcorpusid":113508156,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The disease has been reported from cassava in many countries of Latin America, Africa and Asia (CIAT, 1972; Chadrasekharan-Nair et al., 1979; Makambila, 1994).","A similar, but less exact classification method, with evaluation of disease symptom classes 1, 2 and 4 weeks after inoculation was used by Restrepo and Verdier (1997) to evaluate the virulence of X. axonopodis pv. manihotis strains from Latin America.","In Congo, Cercospora white leaf spots\noccurrence showed no ecological preference (Boher et al., 1978), but Lozano and Booth (1974) found that the disease was associated to more humid and cooler ecozones in Latin America.","No cultivar with complete disease resistance was reported from field evaluation of cassava cultivars in Latin America (CIAT, 1995; 1998)."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1211096161,"citingcorpusid":196148890,"citedcorpusid":155087620,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The use of SL in the field of education is a recent development (Kilgo, 2014).","Research suggests that SL programs can help students become better learners through regular continuous reflection, problem-solving, metacognition, and gathering of information (Kilgo, 2014).","The importance of integrating SL with foreign language courses does not lie only in the benefits it provides regarding academic success of the student, but in SL’s ability to qualify, complement, and supplement the contents of what students learn in traditional classrooms (Kilgo, 2014; Murray, 2010).","…importance of integrating SL with foreign language courses does not lie only in the\nbenefits it provides regarding academic success of the student, but in SL’s ability to qualify, complement, and supplement the contents of what students learn in traditional classrooms (Kilgo, 2014; Murray, 2010).","Specifically, evidence suggests that this positive impact is asserted in SL by assisting students to participate in communities that are multilingual (Hullender et al., 2015; Keen & Pease, 2016; Kilgo, 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1176301840,"citingcorpusid":114883867,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["An APT is a level of persistence in a computing system that allows an attacker at-will access regardless of security constraints (Messmer, 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":598936162,"citingcorpusid":4966232,"citedcorpusid":40149407,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A larger study evaluated acute multiple brain infarcts as seen on DWI within 4 days of symptoms onset with relation to stroke mechanism in an Asian population; large-artery occlusion was significantly associated with multiple lesions in one or both sides of the anterior circulation or in the posterior circulation; cardioembolism was significantly associated with lesions in both anterior and posterior circulations; and small vessel occlusions were significantly and exclusively related to multiple lesions in both sides of the anterior circulation.(55) Similar results have been replicated in a North American population."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":4116609306,"citingcorpusid":258337772,"citedcorpusid":55930709,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["They flow at all local times and are organized in two cells respectively in the dawn and dusk sectors (Laundal et  al.,  2016; Weimer et  al.,  2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1930421617,"citingcorpusid":115135940,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["As it is noted by Krestovnikov (1951), Zatsiorsky and Volkov (1967), and others, differences in opinion occur because of the\ndifferences in research methodology implemented by the authors.","The term \"physical performance\" is perceived as \"the ability to perform certain motor tasks within certain limits of external conditions and the level of efficiency in the performance\" (Zatsiorsky & Volkov, 1967; Evans, 1951; Hill, 1927).","Such observations are made by Zatsiorsky and Volkov (1967), Zheliazkov and Dasheva (2011), and others.","There are two theories about fatigue: humoral and logistical (peripheral), which is maintained by scholars such as Uhtomski (1952), Zatsiorsky and Volkov (1967), on the one hand, and the central nervous-marrow theory, followers of which are Pavlov (1949), Mateev and Kisselkova (1961)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2115992993,"citingcorpusid":149304256,"citedcorpusid":151359255,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Influenced by observant participation and apprenticeship ethnographies (Marchand 2010; Lave 2011; Vannini 2015), as well as laboratory ethnographies (Powell 2007), the author placed an emphasis on learning to use the various tools available, including the 3D printer and laser cutter, as well as observing the projects of other makers using the space concurrently.","Influenced by observant participation and apprenticeship ethnographies (Marchand 2010; Lave 2011; Vannini 2015), as well as laboratory ethnographies (Powell 2007), the author placed an emphasis on learning to use the various tools available, including the 3D printer and laser cutter, as well as…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2788907247,"citingcorpusid":12049203,"citedcorpusid":7015889,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["OTU diversity was calculated using the Shannon index [ 31 ] using the number of distinct TRFs in a sample and the peak height associated with each TRF.","OTU richness (as per [ 31 ]) is defined as the number of individual TRF fragments identified in a soil sample using the T-RFLP profile data analyzed using the methods described above."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2398500287,"citingcorpusid":31434590,"citedcorpusid":30792730,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…date, MALDI-TOF MS mostly has been utilized qualitatively to identify MC variants in cyanobacterial colonies and surface water blooms (Erhard et al., 1997; Ferranti et al., 2011; Welker et al., 2002), and its use for MC quantification is rather recent (Howard and Boyer, 2007; Puddick et al., 2011).","To date, MALDI-TOF MS mostly has been utilized qualitatively to identify MC variants in cyanobacterial colonies and surface water blooms (Erhard et al., 1997; Ferranti et al., 2011; Welker et al., 2002), and its use for MC quantification is rather recent (Howard and Boyer, 2007; Puddick et al."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3671356105,"citingcorpusid":9967210,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Relative and absolute risks for heart disease were calculated using the subject-year method, with general population rates from the United States Decennial Life Tables.37,38 Multivariate analysis was performed using standard least-squares regression if the dependent variable was continuous or logistic regression if the dependent variable was categoric.","Relative and absolute risks for heart disease were calculated using the subject-year method, with general population rates from the United States Decennial Life Tables.(37,38) Multivariate analysis was performed using standard least-squares regression if the dependent variable was continuous or logistic regression if the dependent variable was categoric."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2400264234,"citingcorpusid":61179296,"citedcorpusid":5269113,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["by Gaudet and Crowley [5], [6])."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":345684747,"citingcorpusid":1889314,"citedcorpusid":26470760,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan *velek@hands.ei.tuat.ac.jp\nCHENG-LIN LIU Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd.,\n1-280 Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan\nThis paper proposes a method to generate realistic character images from on-line patterns."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2430138844,"citingcorpusid":32512105,"citedcorpusid":8435620,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In some studies the risk allele has been associated with reduced hippocampal activity during episodic memory (Egan et al. 2004; Callicott et al. 2005; Goldberg et al. 2006; Krach et al. 2010), whereas in others it has been associated with greater hippocampal activity (Di Giorgio et al.","In an attempt to understand the nature of H-PH dysfunction in schizophrenia, other studies have explored the role of risk genes in H-PH modulation during episodic memory tasks in healthy volunteers (Egan et al. 2004 ; Callicott et al. 2005 ; Goldberg et al. 2006 ; Di Giorgio et al. 2008; Huffaker et al. 2009 ; Bigos et al. 2010 ; Jansen et al. 2010 ; Krach et al. 2010 ; Krug et al. 2010; Thimm et al. 2010).","…explored the role of risk genes in H-PH modulation during episodic memory tasks in healthy volunteers (Egan et al. 2004 ; Callicott et al. 2005 ; Goldberg et al. 2006 ; Di Giorgio et al. 2008; Huffaker et al. 2009 ; Bigos et al. 2010 ; Jansen et al. 2010 ; Krach et al. 2010 ; Krug et al. 2010;…","…some studies the risk allele has been associated with reduced hippocampal activity during episodic memory (Egan et al. 2004; Callicott et al. 2005; Goldberg et al. 2006; Krach et al. 2010), whereas in others it has been associated with greater hippocampal activity (Di Giorgio et al. 2008 ;…"],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1025377547,"citingcorpusid":86199567,"citedcorpusid":23884878,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["4 million, whereas the cost-of-illness due to Campylobacter gastro-enteritis was estimated at € 15 million (10).","Pulsed field gel electrophoresis PFGE was performed as described previously (10).","followed by an episode of arthritis (10).","GBS/MFS-associated strains occurred when these were compared to control strains (10, 12).","jejuni GB11 is closer to NCTC 11168 than to ATCC 43446 (9, 10) and data not shown).","Characterization of the isolates by phenotypic and molecular methods showed that no clustering of GBS/MFS-associated strains occurred when these were compared to control strains (10, 12).","jejuni strains isolated from Dutch patients with GBS or its variant the Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) (10, 11)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3480865417,"citingcorpusid":237555305,"citedcorpusid":33064861,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The presence of life virus in different organs of D. reticulatus adults was also reported (Kudelova et al. 2017) and its transmission by I. ricinus to laboratory mice and survival in ticks was demonstrated (Hajnická et al. 2017)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3503233545,"citingcorpusid":237771876,"citedcorpusid":889602,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Stress also negatively impacts psychological well-being and is associated with depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders (Schneiderman et al., 2005).","Excessive stress burdens have repeatedly been linked to the development of poor health outcomes, such as cardiovascular disease, upper respiratory diseases, and bodily inflammation (Dimsdale, 2008; Schneiderman et al., 2005; Slavich, 2016)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":901614829,"citingcorpusid":2697617,"citedcorpusid":889602,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1218828146,"citingcorpusid":197690534,"citedcorpusid":889602,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…but as mentioned, these could also have negative effects on overall health (i.e., changes in immunity, increases in anxiety and somatic symptoms such as headaches) and academic success (Chang, 2006; Rayle & Chung, 2007; Schneiderman et al., 2005; Baghurst & Kelley, 2014; O’Donovan & Hughes, 2008).",", changes in immunity) and academic success (Chang, 2006; Lin & Huang, 2014; Rayle & Chung, 2007; Schneiderman et al., 2005; Shankar & Park, 2016).","…walking into class unprepared for the lecture, etc.), which while generally adaptable can also have negative effects on overall health wellness (e.g., changes in immunity) and academic success (Chang, 2006; Lin & Huang, 2014; Rayle & Chung, 2007; Schneiderman et al., 2005; Shankar & Park, 2016)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3748219927,"citingcorpusid":224410877,"citedcorpusid":889602,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These psychosocial factors were included in the creation of the three models since stress that can come from these can increase the rate of wear and tear in the body that can lead to health issues [34, 35]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":989715808,"citingcorpusid":68191676,"citedcorpusid":889602,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Human studies have shown that chronic anxiety can have an adverse impact on the immune system (235-238) and lead to damaged cellular and humoral immune responses (237, 239, 240), ultimately increasing susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections (241, 242)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3733479722,"citingcorpusid":248508107,"citedcorpusid":9825910,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Within the ER, Prx4 can effectively eliminate peroxides (Zhu et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3388876026,"citingcorpusid":236180597,"citedcorpusid":889602,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The results for the first function are expected and consistent with an extensive body of empirical literature showing the same direction of gender differences in a number of stressrelated outcomes (Schneiderman et al., 2005; Alemany-Arrebola et al., 2020; Valadez et al., 2020).","Apart from being theoretically meaningful, our results are in line with the rich empirical literature on the general stress and adjustment processes (e.g., Endler et al., 2000; Lazarus, 2000; DeLongis and Holtzman, 2005; Schneiderman et al., 2005; Wentzel et al., 2018).","These findings are not surprising given the huge cumulative scientific evidence about general stress, health, and adaptation processes (see, e.g., Lazarus, 2000; Schneiderman et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["result"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3952949438,"citingcorpusid":252699868,"citedcorpusid":889602,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This program was modeled on a very similar online program not specifically designed for health care workers, which has been shown in a previous study to reduce self-reported stress levels over an 8-week time frame but remains unstudied in terms of biomarker analysis (Schneiderman et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3209984088,"citingcorpusid":229364555,"citedcorpusid":168095128,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Supporting this, Olori and Dan-Jumbo (2017), asserted that both public and private organisation seek the daily involvement of employees with more significant positive job behavioural outcomes such as satisfaction, identification, commitment, loyalty and lower adverse work outcomes such as quitting intention, incivility and dishonesty (Triana, Jayasinghe and Pieper, 2015; Sanjeev and Surya, 2016).","These behavioural outcomes include a high level of engagement, loyalty, satisfaction, intention to stay, and performance among others (Sanjeev and Surya, 2016; Osibanjo et al., 2018; Samwel, 2018).","because it is associated with their career path (Sanjeev and Surya, 2016)","The results from this survey are contrary to past studies in which strong significant relationships were acknowledged between organisational policies and performance (Sanjeev and Surya, 2016; Fatimah et al., 2012).","Among companies, globalisation poses unique opportunities and challenges in different industries and so for these companies to benefit and survive, they employ capable hands that would produce the required positive behavioural outcomes (Sanjeev and Surya, 2016; Waribo et al., 2019).","Organisations that aspire to achieve sustainable performance are required to provide dependable answers to this salient question: What best can we do to motivate exiting and intending employees to keep longing for our organisation? Most employees are driven by how organisations value them than the pay they receive (Akinade and Tunde, 2011; Daneshfard and Ekvaniyan, 2012; Sanjeev and Surya, 2016; Samwel, 2018).","job contents, skill taxonomy, autonomy, job contexts, resources and expectations) (Akinade and Tunde, 2011; Sanjeev and Surya, 2016; Osibanjo et al., 2020); while the second is associated with the terms of employment and relations (e."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3815492592,"citingcorpusid":250226782,"citedcorpusid":889602,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", recognize a common history of stress in physiology (3)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2477564648,"citingcorpusid":144448726,"citedcorpusid":144960594,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In turn, audience research may add to the limited literature on the effects of race-related news on audiences’ racial attitudes – an effect that may be significant (Domke and McCoy, 1999), especially for white viewers who have limited personal contact with African Americans (Armstrong et al., 1992)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2014896125,"citingcorpusid":23957267,"citedcorpusid":25478154,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Extramitochondrial release of H2O2 is related to mitochondrial MnSOD activity [13]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2651563389,"citingcorpusid":82431276,"citedcorpusid":84468466,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…os lipídios eficientemente digeridos por essas espécies, eles podem ser utilizados como principal fonte de energia, resguardando a proteína para a sua função principal que é deposição de tecido estrutural – músculo e vísceras – no processo de crescimento (MILLWARD, 1989; NRC, 1993; WATANABE, 1982).","…que são absorvidos pelo trato intestinal e distribuídos através da corrente sanguínea para os órgãos e tecidos, onde são utilizados continuamente na síntese e degradação de proteínas durante o processo de crescimento ou reprodução, ou como fonte de energia (MILLWARD, 1989; WILSON, 1989).","…para formação de tecido muscular e crescimento; o restante será catabolizado, convertido em energia e o excesso de nitrogênio será liberado no ambiente podendo gerar problemas ambientais (MILLWARD, 1989; SÁ; POUSÃO-FERREIRA; OLIVA-TELES, 2006; STEFFENS, 1989; WILSON, 1989; WINFREE; STICKNEY, 1981)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":225366470,"citingcorpusid":19081124,"citedcorpusid":89609542,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Additionally, the difference between εereff and ε o reff varies with frequency, such that Δn M S is not constant, and in turn Δτ M S is frequency dependent [13].","2(a), following the theoretical model in [13], εereff and ε o reff versus frequency are presented, and in Fig.","and εoreff are frequency dependent and can be calculated by [13]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1227546080,"citingcorpusid":1374365,"citedcorpusid":10882144,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A review of common diffusion model reconstruction techniques can be found in the literature (e.g., Assemlal et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":867177211,"citingcorpusid":9377361,"citedcorpusid":10882144,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A good review of both parametric and nonparametric models and diffusion MRI in general can be found in Assemlal et al. (2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3281166191,"citingcorpusid":231817143,"citedcorpusid":38244870,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Because of this, phosphorous and As(V) compete for uptake and translocation in many plants [41].","In plants, the protonated neutral forms of As are transported through silicic acid pathway, and As(V) is transported via the phosphate transporter system [40,41]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2142042048,"citingcorpusid":4013076,"citedcorpusid":3593999,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This provides the basis for the RT facilitation across trials that match (or mismatch) in both lexicality and SQ. Alternatively, Masson et al. (2017) suggested that a correct response to a particular stimulus type (e.g., clear words) lowers the response threshold for that type of item."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1026679811,"citingcorpusid":90774045,"citedcorpusid":24802983,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["cell cycle activators such as cyclin D1 and Cdks are down-regulated [275, 276] and cell cycle inhibitors such as p18 [277], p21 [278, 279] and p57 [280] are induced."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2727994623,"citingcorpusid":18852207,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Later on, TAP, Esprit and ACTS (the successor of Race) merged into the IST (Information Society Technologies) Programme (Santucci, 2002).","4 Quoted by Santucci (2002)\nDOES THE EUROPEAN UNION CREATETHE FOUNDATIONS OF AN INFORMATION SOCIETY FOR ALL?","As emphasized by Santucci (2002), this departure from “technology supporting programmes” such as Esprit, in the direction of “application supporting programmes” such as TAP, was a major inflexion in the European policy for ICTs in the nineties."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1026680488,"citingcorpusid":90774045,"citedcorpusid":2751180,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The movement of actin filaments is controlled by two regulatory proteins, tropomyosin and troponin, which form a complex that regulates contraction in response to Ca [256, 259, 260]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":263268316,"citingcorpusid":4998596,"citedcorpusid":29635794,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Because chemokines are principal regulators of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cell trafficking in various forms of inflammation (15), we investigated whether PARP modulates chemokine production, and whether this activity of the enzyme may regulate the course of the inflammatory process."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":986962479,"citingcorpusid":73672870,"citedcorpusid":4519543,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 1997), locomotion (Beatty, 1979; Johnson & Stevens, 1983), limb coordination (Becker et al., 1982), sensory perception (Kow & Pfaff, 1983),"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1709227739,"citingcorpusid":55974137,"citedcorpusid":41401,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Such moral desire to “do good” is also a frequent description of authentic leaders (Gardner et al., 2005; Hirst et al., 2015; May et al., 2003), portrayed as not only skilled at making mature moral judgments; but also highly motivated to act morally."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1715450159,"citingcorpusid":205328258,"citedcorpusid":95542657,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", ion-exchange processes (14)), along with the modest solubility of various extractants (and/or extracted complexes) in unmodified alkanes (68, 69), inadequate extractant solubility in the IL phase represents another significant potential problem area."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3950227570,"citingcorpusid":252601457,"citedcorpusid":33099827,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…on relationship harmony (Buckley et al., 2006), supervisors are likely to implement relatively covert undermining to cope with the effects of emotional exhaustion and to preserve and obtain their own work, psychological, interpersonal, and other resources (Foster, 2004; Foster and Rosnow, 2006).","Because the spread of negative workplace gossip is relatively hidden (Foster, 2004; Foster and Rosnow, 2006), supervisors tend to\nFrontiers in Psychology 03 frontiersin.org\ntake more subtle and covert actions to protect themselves and fight back against their subordinates.","Because the spread of negative workplace gossip is relatively hidden (Foster, 2004; Foster and Rosnow, 2006), supervisors tend to","Organizations should establish effective communication channels, create unimpeded formal communication channels and informal communication networks, solve problems such as information asymmetry, and reduce the breeding grounds for negative workplace gossip (Foster, 2004).","Negative workplace gossip typically consists of value-laden information, which results in an implicit or explicit negative evaluation of the gossip target’s behavior or reputation (Foster, 2004; Brady et al., 2017).","Negative workplace gossip typically consists of value-laden information, which results in an implicit or explicit negative evaluation of the gossip target’s behavior or reputation (Foster, 2004; Brady et al., 2017).",", 2006), supervisors are likely to implement relatively covert undermining to cope with the effects of emotional exhaustion and to preserve and obtain their own work, psychological, interpersonal, and other resources (Foster, 2004; Foster and Rosnow, 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1528682505,"citingcorpusid":199476221,"citedcorpusid":33099827,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["People need a favorable reputation to ensure future collaborations with others (Burt, 2008), but their reputation is vulnerable to gossip (Foster, 2004).","Research suggests that up to 70% of our daily conversations contain positive or negative informal evaluations about someone who is not present (Dunbar et al., 1997), a type of interpersonal communication known as gossip (Foster, 2004).","Positive gossip entails a favorable evaluation (Foster, 2004).","Furthermore, because gossip is likely to be more threatening, more socially undesirable and more intrusive than feedback (Dunbar, 2004; Foster, 2004), we predict that:\nGossip leads to higher other-directed negative emotions (hypothesis 6a) and to lower other-directed positive emotions than feedback…","Although gossip is typically not intended to be heard by the gossip targets (i.e., people whom the gossip is about; Foster, 2004), gossip does occasionally leak out of the closed gossip circle and reaches its targets."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1665040493,"citingcorpusid":208148047,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Analgesic drug abuse seems to play an important role on its pathogenesis (12)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":967522894,"citingcorpusid":73553706,"citedcorpusid":107147360,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Fairing System Comparison Vehicle Segments Vertical Separation Horizontal Separation Separation Energy Orion MPCV Trisector Frangible joint Frangible joint & PSM Mechanical springs Ariane 5 (1) Bisector Thrust Rail Frangible joint Thrust rail Atlas V 400 (2) Bisector Pyro Sep Bolts V-Clamp Spring thrusters Atlas V 500(2) Bisector Thrust rail Sep bolt Thrust rail Delta IV (3) Bisector Thrust rail Sep bolt Thrust rail Delta IV Heavy(3) Trisector Thrust rail Sep bolt Thrust rail Pegasus (4) Bisector Sep bolt / clamp band Frangible joint Gas thrusters Saturn V/Skylab (5) Quad Thrust rail Latchpins Thrust rail"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1995860881,"citingcorpusid":16866836,"citedcorpusid":11695601,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Empirical studies have provided support for \nthe importance of perceived usefulness in influencing continuous usage of a new technology (Karahanna \nand Straub, 1999; Parthasarathy and Bhattacherjee, 1998)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3966964750,"citingcorpusid":198305921,"citedcorpusid":8097724,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In this study, a simple RT task was used and findings support previous work that acute exercise significantly reduces PMT (3,4).","It seems that PMTwas reduced consistently on simple RT tasks after exercise compared with choice RT (3,8,18)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3248043784,"citingcorpusid":231885582,"citedcorpusid":13200613,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Tolerance assays were performed as described previously (61)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3248043833,"citingcorpusid":231885582,"citedcorpusid":44725469,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["cleaved by LspA in the lipoprotein processing pathway (30-32)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":807679220,"citingcorpusid":8478514,"citedcorpusid":39165394,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Cooperative communication for wireless networks, such as cellular networks, sensor networks and wireless ad-hoc networks, has recently attracted great attention [1–4]."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":3210117765,"citingcorpusid":229366732,"citedcorpusid":124135431,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["0) of real-time product dataset (http:// data.cma.cn/dataService/cdcindex), GRAPES_MESO China and surrounding area numerical forecast products (http://data.cma.cn/data/cdcdetail), China Global Atmosphere Reanalysis Products for 40 yr (CRA-40) (http://data.cma.cn/data/), and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) (Kalnay et al., 1996; Dee et al., 2011).","NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data performs quality control and assimilation on observations from various sources to obtain a complete set of reanalysis data, which has been widely applied as an alternative long-term reference data (Hu, 1997; Goswami et al., 2004).","…forecast products (http://data.cma.cn/data/cdcdetail), China Global Atmosphere Reanalysis Products for 40 yr (CRA-40) (http://data.cma.cn/data/), and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) (Kalnay et al., 1996; Dee et al., 2011).","cn/data/), and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) (Kalnay et al., 1996; Dee et al., 2011)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4050409021,"citingcorpusid":256401211,"citedcorpusid":2466583,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It has been suggested that these two fields address a single, multidimensional phenomenon, and that they have similar causes and mutually applicable preventative strategies (Peterson and Brown 1994).","Associations have been found between anger, hostility, physical punishment and coercive discipline strategies (Peterson and Brown 1994).","As observed by Peterson and Brown (1994), a wide range of factors contribute to the risk of child injury in any family.","For example, Peterson and Brown (1994) suggested that similar histories and aetiologies contribute to both unintentional injuries and injuries that occur as a result of abuse or neglect.","Similarly, these characteristics are also associated with hyperactivity and conduct disorders, and such behavioural problems have been found to be related to an increased risk for both intentional and unintentional injuries (Peterson and Brown 1994).","Substance abuse can lead to inadequate and hostile parenting and children of mothers who are problem drinkers are at increased risk for severe and multiple injuries (Peterson and Brown 1994).","As demonstrated by Peterson and Brown (1994), a wide range of factors contribute to the risk of child injury, thus the present study examined a broader range of variables including socio-economic factors, as well as parent and child characteristics."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1701969096,"citingcorpusid":207745171,"citedcorpusid":3735893,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Even though nonphosphorylated CaM molecules can bind, CaM can be phosphorylated including at Tyr99 (114, 115), and the affinity of phosphorylated CaM is higher (92, 118, 122)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1145612844,"citingcorpusid":158774078,"citedcorpusid":79797860,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Academic and economic factors are important but so are the psychological factors that relate to persistence (Bean, 1990; Carey, 2005; Hatcher, et al., 1992; Mumper, 1998; Strauss & Volkwein, 2004; Tinto, 1987).","If a student feels “at home” at a college, the student increases their chances of persistence (Bean, 1990; Pascarella & Terenzini, 1991; Spady, 1970, 1971; Tinto, 1975, 1987, 1993, 1998).","The Full Pay students have very high expectations concerning college life, facilities and other social and psychological needs (Bean, 1990; Pascarella & Terenzini, 1998; Spady, 1970, 1971; Tinto, 1987, 1993, 1998).","He uses a quote\n92\nby Tinto (1987) that offers sound guidance for colleges when struggling with this idea of persistence:\n“Though…institutions owe each admitted student an equal degree of attention, it\ndoes not follow that institutions should be held accountable for the equal education of all…","Social adaptation and academic processes have been found to increase study experiences and\n88\npersistence (Tinto, 1987, 1993).","Other research has indicated that the quantity and type of a student’s socialization and psychological factors can affect persistence (Bean, 1990; Hatcher; Kryter, Prus & Fritzgerald, 1992; Somers & Cofer, 1998; Strauss & Volkwein, 2004; Tinto, 1987)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1145614308,"citingcorpusid":158774078,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The balance of the educational cost can either be paid out of family assets or financed (Baum, 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3793190656,"citingcorpusid":249723166,"citedcorpusid":143409486,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…how museums (and more broadly heritage tourism) actually benefit minority communities, with some suggesting their involvement reinforces stereotypical images of ‘primitiveness’ and ‘exoticness’ (Ateljevic & Doorne, 2005; Connell & Rugendyke, 2008; Mackerass, 2003; Urry, 2001; Xie, 2010, p. 25)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2031782172,"citingcorpusid":204204496,"citedcorpusid":166325179,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Utility of survey research can be witnessed in different fields of inquiry, for example, (i) marketing research (see Brace 2013; Coelho and Esteves 2007), (ii) research associated with the study of public opinion and election outcomes (see King, Keohane, and Verba 1994; Schill and Kirk 2017;…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2584809343,"citingcorpusid":153182385,"citedcorpusid":166325179,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Following practices from various international satisfaction measurement surveys such as the European Customer Satisfaction Survey and the American Customer Satisfaction Index, this study used a 10-point rating scale (Coelho and Esteves, 2007) to assess the importance of value attributes.","According to Coelho and Esteves (2007), the 10-point scale provides higher explanatory power for the leading indicators of the research phenomena and is particularly useful for customer satisfaction surveys conducted by telephone."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2501403474,"citingcorpusid":18624355,"citedcorpusid":84583096,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A Taxonomic Diversity Index (Δ) was also used and is defined as the average path length between every pair of individual organisms in a sample, with individuals in the same genus being closer than individuals in the same family (Warwick and Clarke 1995, 1998).","…shown here are also a useful ‘tool’ in biodiversity studies and can be used to examine taxonomic or genetic relatedness of biotic assemblages (Warwick and Clarke 1998; Webb 2000; Bohannan and Hughes 2003; Ernst et al. 2006; Olden et al. 2008; Villéger et al. 2010), especially when others…","Biodiversity assessments based on the taxonomic relatedness of the species have been undertaken by Warwick and Clarke (1995, 1998) and Clarke and Warwick (1998, 1999, 2001)."],"intents":[null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3130552957,"citingcorpusid":225263586,"citedcorpusid":19600447,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[19] reported that the utilization of Lewis acid metal triflates realized the effective transformation of lignin to lignin-derived alkylmethoxyphenols through metal-catalyzed hydrogenolysis under mild conditions.","[19] reported that the utilization of Lewis acid metal triflates realiz d the effective transformation of lignin to lignin-derived alkylmethoxyphenols through metal-c talyzed hydrogenolysis under mild conditions."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4111128262,"citingcorpusid":253652783,"citedcorpusid":148626064,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["But researchers treat many of them as historical artifacts of little use for the present (Du Gay and Vikkelsø 2014).","We argue that this effort can expand contemporary organizational studies’ relevance, reach, and credibility regarding theorizing and application in society (Du Gay and Vikkelsø 2014; Wickert et al.","Therefore, on the logic of the ecology of knowledges, conceptual tools (Du Gay and Vikkelsø 2014) that already exist can become credible according to the type of intervention they provide to the world (Santos 2010, 2014; Wickert et  al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4111128309,"citingcorpusid":253652783,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The\n1 3\nabandonment of the scholastic attitude (Bourdieu 2000), a greater approximation and involvement with the researched phenomenon may turn the researcher’s reflexivity into a bridge to analyze these neglected social experiences.","The scientific ideal of objectivity and analysis through an external look at the object, \"the scholastic attitude\" (Bourdieu 2000, p. 206), creates a world composed of discrete entities whose associations are explained by variance-based relationships (Langley et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3921091072,"citingcorpusid":205629761,"citedcorpusid":9810462,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of the serum zinc level in zinc non-supplemented patients who did not demonstrate a therapeutic response can be attributed to the persistence of pathophysiological processes, such as immune activation and inflammatory reaction, accompanying the acute depressive episode (Nieto et al., 2000)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":407752882,"citingcorpusid":18402365,"citedcorpusid":20731991,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As discussed by Chuang et al. [2005], the mathematical properties (and boundary conditions) of the resulting porous-media PDEs may significantly diverge from RC models whose mathematical properties are first-order ordinary differential equations for the water flux."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3418042601,"citingcorpusid":2191019,"citedcorpusid":25957598,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["culture techniques (1, 2, 7, 11, 18, 21), although the recovery rate is low compared with the rate of H.","influenzae, with resultant isolated colonies and little overgrowth (18, 21)."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2348493871,"citingcorpusid":29443383,"citedcorpusid":31950972,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We observed pronounced PPF of PreCaT amplitude that peaked at IPIs of 20 ms (2.7 ± 0.2 PreCaT2/PreCaT1, n = 7) and was no longer present at IPIs of 6 s (1.1 ± 0.0) (Fig.","The evoked PS amplitude observed in response to the second of two paired electrical pulses was depressed relative to the PS amplitude evoked by the first pulse at the majority of IPIs tested (i.e. PPD of PS amplitude, orange triangles, n = 7).","Together, these data support roles for N-, and to a lesser extent, P/Q-type VGCCs, in evoked presynaptic Ca2+ influx in motor corticostriatal projections and excitatory transmission in the DLS.\nPPRs of corticostriatal PreCaTs and transmission\nCorticostriatal synapses can exhibit short-term depression in response to pairs of afferent stimuli (paired-pulse depression (PPD)) (Niittykosko et al. 1999; Akopian et al. 2000), but residual Ca2+ in the presynaptic terminal at the time of the second stimulus drives these synapses towards paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) at short IPIs (Choi & Lovinger, 1997; Calabresi et al. 1997; Zucker & Regehr, 2002).","In contrast, PS amplitude was unaltered by application of 4 mM Ca2+ (97.2 ± 5.1 mV, 20 min following application, n = 5, data not shown), but PPD of PS amplitude was enhanced at several short IPIs in 4 mM Ca2+ (n = 5; IPI × Treatment interaction: F10,100 = 17.18, P < 0.0001; IPI 20, 40, 80 and 120 ms: P < 0.05; Fig.","Prevention of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) from internal Ca2+ stores by ryanodine (20 μM) did not alter corticostriatal PreCaTs evoked by single pulses (97.5 ± 13.4%, 20 min following application, n = 4, data not shown) or PreCaT PPF at all IPIs tested (2.5 ± 0.1\nC© 2015 The Authors.","…depression (PPD)) (Niittykosko et al. 1999; Akopian et al. 2000), but residual Ca2+ in the presynaptic terminal at the time of the second stimulus drives these synapses towards paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) at short IPIs (Choi & Lovinger, 1997; Calabresi et al. 1997; Zucker & Regehr, 2002).","PreCaT PPF following bath application of a cocktail of ω-conotoxin GVIA (1 μM) and ω-agatoxin IVA (200 nM) was also indistinguishable from controls at all IPIs tested (2.8 ± 0.1 PreCaT2/PreCaT1 at 20 ms IPI, n = 4; IPI × Treatment interaction: F10,90 = 0.49, P = 0.89; Fig.","Indeed, the large PPD observed in PSs at short IPIs is not observed when excitatory postsynaptic currents are measured in striatal neurons (Choi & Lovinger, 1997; Calabresi et al. 1997).","PPD in the presence of high [Ca2+] aCSF (4 mM CaCl2; blue squares, n = 5) was enhanced at 20, 40, 80 and 120 ms IPIs relative to control conditions (orange triangles, n = 7)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1528034794,"citingcorpusid":84968921,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Parrotta (1999) and Sayyad et al. (2006) came to the same conclusion."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1032997792,"citingcorpusid":84968921,"citedcorpusid":128682341,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Higher planting density and low age of our plantations might be the main reasons for no significant difference in soil pH. Mohr et al. (2005) reported that soil pH was higher under young birch and hazel trees than under the oak."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":988542603,"citingcorpusid":59585032,"citedcorpusid":118968872,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Birkhoff conjectured in [1] that drag instead could be the result of an instability of potential flow, but after a devastating review [35] did not pursue this line of thought."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2801590678,"citingcorpusid":36803824,"citedcorpusid":20334399,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2253911874,"citingcorpusid":119390185,"citedcorpusid":16323205,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…et al. 2013, 2014; van Dokkum et al. 2015) and their evolution at later times via other processes such as major/minor mergers (e.g., Khochfar & Silk 2006; Bell et al. 2006; Naab et al. 2009; Bezanson et al. 2009; van Dokkum et al. 2010; Oser et al. 2012; Newman et al. 2012; Hilz et al. 2013).","Another scenario could be the possible decline in the velocity dispersion of galaxies as a results of dynamical frictions by minor mergers (Bezanson et al. 2009; Naab et al. 2009; van de Sande et al. 2013), though the contributions of mergers needs to be quantified.","Similar results also found by van de Sande et al. (2013) (see also Bezanson et al. 2009; Oser et al. 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":1780038063,"citingcorpusid":38352630,"citedcorpusid":119785234,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It is possible to run these methods many times, by perturbing inputs like the background state and the observations (Liu and Xiao, 2013) or use a scheme like EVIL (section 5.5), which does not need a separate ensemble.","…–added to the cost function\n¶Instead of a single analysis, such minimization problems can, if required, be repeated for each ensemble member i, e.g. (Liu and Xiao, 2013), where the following substitutions are made in (35): xb → xb(i), yot → yot(i) and χ ens → χ ens(i), where yot(i) is the ith…","Liu et al. (2008, 2009) for instance called their method En4DVar even though it does not use a linear model, but this has been changed to the recommended 4DEnVar in later articles (e.g. Liu and Xiao, 2013)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1178390161,"citingcorpusid":402148,"citedcorpusid":6174778,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Of note, it has been reported that IL-6 possesses antitumor effects in preclinical models (51, 52), and it can modulate the expression of tumor-associated and major histocompatibility antigens in tumors (53)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3221235182,"citingcorpusid":230524086,"citedcorpusid":25331778,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Examples include biological systems such as DNA [15], complex networks [16], crude oil prices [17], heartbeat signals [18], strongly interacting gases [19], and material fracture [20].","Through this alternative scaling approach, the fluctuations of many real-world time-series follow Family-Vicsek dynamic scaling ansatz [17].","Similar scaling approaches have been applied to the time series generated by the dynamics of other complex systems, such as stress-strain behavior associated with paper damage, radar backscattered signals from soils, daily crude oil price records, and daily stock market index [17]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":211577839,"citingcorpusid":24375081,"citedcorpusid":5535,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Applications of symbolic methods are thus favored in circumstances where robustness to noise, speed, and/or cost are paramount [ 2 ]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":305408878,"citingcorpusid":17365128,"citedcorpusid":3068925,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It should be noted that we employ the approach presented in [11] to handle the grid edge effects."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2680698525,"citingcorpusid":119578810,"citedcorpusid":39037730,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A population of walkers evolves in phase space with Hamiltonian dynamics, each one perturbed by an independent weak random force, which may be energy-conserving or not.","For a Hamiltonian of the form p 2\n2 + V (q), we implement an energy conserving stochastic\ndynamics by using a noise vector tangential to the energy surface:\nηi = ∑\nj\n(\nδij − pipj p2\n)\nρj (11)\nwhere ρj are independent white noises.","Breathers and Solitons As an example with many degrees of freedom, consider the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chain,\ndefined by the Hamiltonian:\nH = ∑\ni\n(\n1 2 p2i + 1 2 (xi − xi+1)2 + 1 40 (xi − xi+1)4\n)\n(3)\nThis chain is known to have localised soliton excitations, as well as the so-called ‘chaotic breathers’ [5, 6].","As a benchmark, we constructed the Arnol’d web for the Hamiltonian [16]:","Furthermore, maps like the standard map can always be written as a continuous time dependent Hamiltonian evolution:\nq̇ = 0 ṗ = kδ\n2π sin(2πq) for even time intervals\nq̇ = p ṗ = 0 for odd time intervals\n(10)\nand the derivation above applies to them.","Figures like 3 have been obtained in [16] by computing the finite-time Lyapunov exponents of trajectories starting in points on a grid in (p1, p2).","As a benchmark, we constructed the Arnol’d web for the Hamiltonian [16]:\n6\nH = N ∑\ni=1\np2i 2 + pN+1 + µ ∑N\ni=1 cos qi + cos t +N + 2 (2)\nConsider first the two-dimensional case N = 2.","Method A population of walkers with phase-space positions xa ≡ (qa,pa) is evolved\n9 with the standard Hamiltonian dynamics q̇a = pa, ṗa = −∇V (qa) +√ǫη(t), where η is a white noise of unit variance.","Physica D 67 257-281 (1993) [16] Froeschle, C.","When µ = 0, this Hamiltonian is integrable, and the resonance lines are given by n1p1 + n2p2 = n3.","Clearly this derivation is not restricted to Hamiltonians of the form p2/2 + V (q) and is valid also for the time dependent case.","Arnold Diffusion An integrable Hamiltonian system has a constant of motion for every degree of freedom."],"intents":[null,null,null,["methodology"],null,["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":38775204,"citingcorpusid":14392642,"citedcorpusid":39037730,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Figure 2: The four panels correspond to the FLI map of the acti on plane(I1, I2) for the Hamiltonian system (1), with initial condition on the section S (see [15]), with different magnifications.","In [15] we showed that the Arno ld web of system (1) indeed corresponds to the above theoretical description.","The values of the two parameters must be balanced so that ǫ is smaller than the critical value for Chirikov diffusion (determined with numerical methods, see [15], [1 7]) and the value of c is not too large so that","In this paper, we are a bl to choose initial conditions which are good candidates to diffuse thanks to the accurate detection of the web provided in [15].","Each resonance appears as a darker orange region with a yellow border, or as a single y el ow line (depending on the resonance and on the value of the angles chosen to define the section S; see [15] for more details).","Figure 1: The four panels correspond to the FLI map of the acti on plane(I1, I2) for the map (2), with initial condition on the section S (see [15]), with different magnifications."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1140316594,"citingcorpusid":153408341,"citedcorpusid":151112498,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Reilly and Reynolds, working on a smaller canvas, argue that when doing institutional design of electoral systems, transitional democracies emerging from deep-\nrooted conflict have a greater need of inclusiveness and a lower threshold for adversarial politics (Reilly and Reynolds 2000:435)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":171718903,"citingcorpusid":7354305,"citedcorpusid":743198,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The E-estimators algorithm, the least median of squares (LMedS) algorithm, the random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm, and the tensor voting algorithm [18-22] are possible techniques for outlier removal.","The tensor voting algorithm can discard outliers without fitting camera models [21]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":912701428,"citingcorpusid":20160359,"citedcorpusid":35516132,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["HSV-1 YFPUL was a previously described virus, which contained a genetic cassette that was inserted between the viral genes UL37/UL38, which allowed for a cytomegalovirus (CMV) driven expression of a nuclear localization sequence that was tagged eYFP [21].","Limitations on the extent of the co-infection and on transneuronal spread of viruses were observed in a number of in vitro and in vivo systems [21,40].","The infection was allowed to progress for 48 h, at which point neuronal replication, axonal spread, and amplification in the detector cell layer had reached a maximum [21,24].","However, this effect was likely minimal, based on the previous reports of limited viral co-infection following the axon-to-cell spread of the HSV-1 in this neuronal model [21].","When assessing the distribution of plaques, we also observed that approximately 2% of plaques contained more than one fluorescent protein (an unpublished observation from [21]).","The viruses that were developed for the recombination expressing yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) with a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) (HSV-1 OK12, first described in [21] and referred to here in the manuscript as HSV-1 YFPUL) and cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-NLS (HSV-1 MT002 referred to as HSV-1 CFPUS in the manuscript), which were both derived from the HSV-1 strain 17."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4029377847,"citingcorpusid":255409940,"citedcorpusid":9500237,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1]) (see also works on a related nonlinear integral equation [51])."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3131827972,"citingcorpusid":225316252,"citedcorpusid":15161140,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This simplification enabled ADRC to be applied in industrial systems such as superheated steam temperature,(7,8) gyroscopes,(9) gasifiers,(10) hydroturbine speed,(11) the secondary air flow,(12) fuel-cell temperature,(13) DC–DC buck converter,(14) chemical system,(15) and waste heat recovery system.(16) The rest of this paper is organized as follows: In the next section, the mechanism model and transfer function models are established to describe the multivariable process of the power and exhaust temperature of the GT."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":326212625,"citingcorpusid":30552964,"citedcorpusid":5236894,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Consequently, central or peripheral arterial disease, which can be diagnosed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity or ABI, is related to renal function status and proteinuria and may contribute to the deterioration of renal function (Ohya et al., 2006; Tian et al., 2012).","…disease, which can be diagnosed by brachial154 ankle pulse wave velocity or ABI, is related to renal function status and proteinuria and may\nPeerJ reviewing PDF | (2017:05:17916:1:0:REVIEW 14 Aug 2017)\n155 contribute to the deterioration of renal function (Ohya et al. 2006; Tian et al. 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3938251702,"citingcorpusid":252352207,"citedcorpusid":143451411,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…evidence has indicated that religious attendance increases electoral participation (Rosenstone and Hansen 1993; Wilcox and Sigelman 2001), other forms of political participation (Beyerlein and Chaves 2003; Verba, Schlozman, and Brady 1995), and other civic activities (Beyerlein and Hipp 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3404958498,"citingcorpusid":236318463,"citedcorpusid":10875471,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recent years have witnessed the great success of deep convolutional neural network (DCNNs) in semantic segmentation [46, 37, 8, 36, 57].","Most following works build upon it and either take advantage of multi-scale inputs [8, 11, 16, 32, 33, 44], or use feature pyramid spatial pooling [36, 57], or dilated convolutions [6, 7, 9, 30, 50, 54] to improve the model, and encoderdecoder models [1, 9, 30, 45] have also been proved effective."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3747233551,"citingcorpusid":238021705,"citedcorpusid":10875471,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["训练过程使用了 随机梯度下降 (stochastic gradient descent, SGD), 权重衰减 (weight decay) 为 4 5 10   , 动量 (momentum) 为 0.9, 学习率初始化为 0.001, 使用了 poly 策略 [17] 调整学习率 , 在 6 000 次迭代后训练完成 ."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":538588592,"citingcorpusid":51607837,"citedcorpusid":10875471,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Therefore, we normalize the responses of different stages us-ing the L2 normalization technique introduced in [ 20 ] ."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":943960403,"citingcorpusid":53116301,"citedcorpusid":10875471,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This may be one factor explaining why improving the use of context in deep networks can lead to better performance, as has been repeatedly demonstrated in object detection and other applications [1, 26, 48].","A number of works have incorporated context for improving semantic segmentation (e.g. [48, 23]), and in particular, ParseNet [26] showed that encoding context through global feature averaging can be highly effective for this task.","[48, 23]), and in particular, ParseNet [26] showed that encoding context through global feature averaging can be highly effective for this task."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3710866021,"citingcorpusid":61637386,"citedcorpusid":17054287,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, many studies which proposed methods and guidelines for evaluations on desktop applications may not be directly applicable to mobile applications (Constantinos & Dan, 2007; Zhang & Adipat, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3569983174,"citingcorpusid":174801065,"citedcorpusid":10875471,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Since different level features have different level numerical scales, we add a normalizing layer (Liu et al., 2015) before feature combination, which is a learnable scaling transformation in essence.","ParseNet (Liu et al., 2015) captures the global context feature through global pooling and normalizing different features before fusion.","We implemented the proposed network based on Caffe (Jia et al., 2014) framework and utilize the optimization strategy mentioned in (Liu et al., 2015).","The global context is known to be very useful for detection and segmentation tasks in deep learning and has been explored in several works (Liu et al., 2015) (Mottaghi et al., 2014) (Szegedy et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3226221171,"citingcorpusid":229015223,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Terms of contract may cap useful life of finance lease assets (Fargher et al., 2008 and Benedict & Elliott, 2008).",", the asset suffers its greater loss of service in the earlier years (Fargher et al., 2008).","This is largely based on the assumption that asset’s efficiency, output, or other benefits reduce over the periods, i.e., the asset suffers its greater loss of service in the earlier years (Fargher et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":280692151,"citingcorpusid":21751024,"citedcorpusid":122221817,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Prior to running EQS, all constructs were tested for validity through factor analysis using principal components analysis with Varimax rotation (Byrne, 1994; Bentler, 1995; Field, 2001; Hair et. al., 2009)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1723124000,"citingcorpusid":209039040,"citedcorpusid":12174843,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Consistent with past studies, interception accuracy improved with developmental\nage and performance was shown to reach an asymptote between mid-adolescent and young adulthood ages (Bard et al., 1990; Dorfman, 1977; Dunham, 1977; Haywood, 1980; Haywood et al., 1981; Williams et al., 2001).","Consistent with past studies, interception accuracy improved with developmental age and performance was shown to reach an asymptote between mid-adolescent and young adulthood ages (Bard et al., 1990; Dorfman, 1977; Dunham, 1977; Haywood, 1980; Haywood et al., 1981; Williams et al., 2001)."],"intents":[["result"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":359927908,"citingcorpusid":30632337,"citedcorpusid":18670765,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The previously discussed approaches to improve one-handed smartphone operation offer a variety of ways of overcoming the thumb’s limitations, but do not offer insight into the users’ rationale for preferring to operate the phone with only one hand (Karlson et al., 2006).","Research indicates that the majority of users prefer to operate their devices with the thumb (Karlson et al., 2006) and the survey evaluated in Chapter 3, section 3.","In this regard, Katre’s and Roudaut’s reported problem of interface occlusion is even exacerbated and, in the case of the Swiss Army Menu (SAM, (Bonnet and Appert, 2011)), the additional challenge of steering a cursor-like element into a given sector of the menu can increase interaction time, especially if the end of the “tunnel” is located in the north-west or south-east corner (Karlson et al., 2006) (Fig.","Nonetheless, it has to be considered that the studies were conducted on only one device size with targets not located in locations notoriously difficult to reach with the thumb (in the north-west or south-east area of the screen (Karlson et al., 2006)).","This in turn underlines the importance of supporting onehanded interaction as the prevalent mode of operation, especially since devices seem to be growing in size (Fingas, 2013), potentially intensifying the problem of the thumb’s limited mobility (Karlson et al., 2006).","remains unclear why users operate the device via the thumb of the same hand they hold it in (Karlson et al., 2006), especially as the researched detailed in the literature review clearly shows that operation via the thumb has many disadvantages, ranging from occlusion and imprecision to reach limitations and possible strain, especially when used for repetitive input.","In order to avoid putting thumb input at a disadvantage by placing items in notoriously hard-to-reach areas of the screen for this mode (north-west and south-east, (Karlson et al., 2006)), a similar set-up to Study One (section 3.","Furthermore, users may change their grip depending on the task and GUI they are dealing with (Karlson et al., 2006), which can easily confuse the detection mechanism.","It is therefore suggestive to focus on input via the hand – especially as this is users’ main input method (Karlson et al., 2006) – which reduces complexity.","This in turn has shown the need to support the prevalent way of interaction that is one-handed thumb-based interaction, especially as devices appear to have increased in size, making larger portions of the screen more difficult to reach with the thumb (Karlson et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":831373616,"citingcorpusid":6826310,"citedcorpusid":45688533,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Subcytotoxic oxidative stress, for example, has been shown to induce premature senescence in fibroblasts in culture (Chen and Ames, 1994; Chen et al., 1995; Dimri et al., 1995; von Zglinicki et al., 1995; Dumont et al., 2000; Frippiat et al., 2001).","…include exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; Chen and Ames, 1994; Chen et al., 1998; Frippiat et al., 2001), UV light (Bayreuther et al., 1988; Rodemann et al., 1989), tert-butylhydroperoxide (Toussaint et al., 1992), hyperoxia (von Zglinicki et al., 1995), and radioactivity (Bumann et al., 1995)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1584511364,"citingcorpusid":151995890,"citedcorpusid":144403988,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Another study that found support for the contact hypothesis is Klak and Martin (2003) who explored the effect of contact on attitudes using a small university sample.","…“Diversity Initiative” can be found at http://www.bgsu.edu/offices/oed/page7702.html.\nthe nature of this relationship, and more generally, the utility of college-mandated diversity curricula (e.g. Allport, 1954; Klak and Martin, 2003; Sigelman and Welch, 1993; Rothman, Lipset and Nevitte 2003).","Another study that found support for the contact hypothesis is Klak and Martin (2003)\nwho explored the effect of contact on attitudes using a small university sample.","the nature of this relationship, and more generally, the utility of college-mandated diversity curricula (e.g. Allport, 1954; Klak and Martin, 2003; Sigelman and Welch, 1993; Rothman, Lipset and Nevitte 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2507535342,"citingcorpusid":154718733,"citedcorpusid":145565886,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Terzi, Lorella.","According to philosophy of education scholar Lorella Terzi (2005), disability in\neducation has taken the form of a significant debate that has been characterized by positions that, on one side, see disability and special needs as being “caused by individual limitations and deficits,” and, on the other side, see disability and special needs as being “caused by the limitations and deficits of the schooling systems in accommodating the diversity of children” (444).","According to philosophy of education scholar Lorella Terzi (2005), disability in\neducation has taken the form of a significant debate that has been characterized by positions that, on one side, see disability and special needs as being “caused by individual limitations and deficits,” and, on the…"],"intents":[null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":4015314115,"citingcorpusid":254899428,"citedcorpusid":40876494,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In particular, via this correspondence, hereditary classes of permutations correspond to hereditary classes of bichains and simple permutations, a key notion in the study of hereditary classes (see the survey [13] and [35]), correspond to indecomposable bichains, which become, via this correspondence an important class of indecomposable structures (see [22])."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3391270408,"citingcorpusid":236291132,"citedcorpusid":229609876,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Various types of optical absorption spectroscopy—including photoacoustic spectroscopy [7,8], tunable diode laser-absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) [9–13] (that could also be combined with other hyperspectral imaging methods [14]) and cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) [15]—are commonly used for trace gas analysis due to their advantages of noninvasive direct measurement and high sensitivity."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":971738669,"citingcorpusid":73606926,"citedcorpusid":144474228,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…1980s, one of the surprising aspects of the evolution of the Post Keynesian/Kaleckian distribution and growth theory (see e.g. Kaldor, 1955; 1957; Robinson, 1956; Kalecki, 1954; 1971) was that very little attention had been paid to the impacts that monetary policy and financial variables are…","Up until the 1980s, one of the surprising aspects of the evolution of the Post Keynesian/Kaleckian distribution and growth theory (see e.g. Kaldor, 1955; 1957; Robinson, 1956; Kalecki, 1954; 1971) was that very little attention had been paid to the impacts that monetary policy and financial variables are likely to have on the short-run and the long-run equilibrium of capitalist economies."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":830871936,"citingcorpusid":62344652,"citedcorpusid":17380854,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Fakat bu, bazen sınıflandırma başarımı açısından problemler doğurabilmektedir [2].","Benzer bir çalışma daha önce Birlikte Öğrenme algoritması kullanılarak klasik, pop ve metal sınıfları için gerçekleştirilmiştir [2].","[2]’de Xu ve arkadaşları Birlikte Öğrenme algoritmasını kullanarak klasik, pop ve metal türlerinin sınıflandırmasını gerçekleştirmişlerdir.","Bazen verinin %90’ı eğitim için kullanılabilmektedir [2]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3249164014,"citingcorpusid":231913513,"citedcorpusid":41025287,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thermal detectors composed of antennas and proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) sensors which show lower flick noise, smaller resistance, better reliability and full compatibility with CMOS process constitute a good candidate [3]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1954554298,"citingcorpusid":55477634,"citedcorpusid":95129189,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Clarkson and Bustin (1999) developed an isothermal adsorption rate model based on Ruckenstein’s model, considering variable pressure adsorption rate experiments as described by Mavor et al. (1990) and the adsorption isotherm that can be described by the Langmuir equation.","These models can be classified into two types, including homogeneous diffusion models (Qiluan and Youan, 1986; Nie, et al, 2001) and Bidispere diffusion models (Clarkson and Bustin, 1999; Ruckenstein, et al, 1971)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4003424587,"citingcorpusid":33383290,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Martin has devised an experiential formula that has been widely used for estimating liquid pulse breakdown fields [11];","For SF6 gas, E0 can be approximately calculated [11] by   0 2."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1981848080,"citingcorpusid":93664897,"citedcorpusid":41536695,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In one of the early attempts to immobilise tyrosinase for biosensor applications, polyacrylamide gel was used to entrap the enzyme.(48) Polyacrylamide has continued to be the material of choice for a variety of enzymes."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3682209148,"citingcorpusid":247154884,"citedcorpusid":13361917,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Funded by AI-REPS grant ANR-18-CE37-0007-01 and ANITI grant ANR19-PI3A-0004 In vision research, many studies have used statistical methods and machine learning to decode specific information like position [1] or orientation [2], [3], to classify image categories [4], [5], to retrieve the closest images from a candidate set [6], or even to reconstruct images with low-complexity like basic shapes and structures [7]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1701804432,"citingcorpusid":5819954,"citedcorpusid":135925597,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Zirconia bioceramic is frequently used in the high-load bearing sites such as artificial knee and bone screws in orthopaedic application and dental post crown in dental application [1]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1717951819,"citingcorpusid":137373365,"citedcorpusid":119513522,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For each step of calculation or state of damage, the interfacial stress tensor is evaluated using results of Mura and Chang [11,12].","Hence, the interfacial state of stress can be calculated [11]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3948455706,"citingcorpusid":234175293,"citedcorpusid":3318618,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Finally, based on the evaluation of direct interactions among vehicles and without any exchanged recommendations, Gazdar et al. proposed a data-centric trust model called Enhanced Distributed Trust Computing Protocol (EDCTP) [26]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1717952049,"citingcorpusid":137373365,"citedcorpusid":135532557,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Scaling concepts and reliability approaches justify the use of statistical failure criterion [14,15]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3952429941,"citingcorpusid":252686226,"citedcorpusid":123003298,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Further work conducted by Walsh (1984) predicted that a critical wavelength corresponding to a maximum perturbation growth rate should be responsible for the comparable fragment size observed in experiments."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1239404352,"citingcorpusid":23375083,"citedcorpusid":86242427,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…promoters have been used to drive cry gene expression in all previous studies targeting PTM resistance in transgenic potatoes (Douches et al., 1998, 2002; Jansens et al., 1995; Cañedo et al., 1999; Li et al., 1999; Chakrabarti et al., 2000; Mohammed et al., 2000; Davidson et al., 2002, 2004).","…that express the insecticidal toxins produced by different strains of the soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), has been investigated (Jansens et al., 1995; Douches et al., 1998; Rico et al., 1998; Cañedo et al., 1999; Li et al., 1999; Chakrabarti et al., 2000; Davidson et al., 2002, 2004).","…for transcriptional control of the cry genes in previous investigations in potato (Douches et al., 1998; Rico et al., 1998; Cañedo et al., 1999; Li et al., 1999; Chakrabarti et al., 2000; Davidson et al., 2002, 2004) is well known to be constitutively expressed throughout plants (Odell et…","…studies involving PTM bioassays (Ebora et al., 1994; Jansens et al., 1995; Westedt et al., 1998; Beuning et al., 2001; Douches et al., 1998, 2002; Li et al., 1999; Davidson et al., 2002, 2004), and has been validated by the observed high correlation between excised leaves and intact plants for…"],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":112524381,"citingcorpusid":5191828,"citedcorpusid":84027935,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The lizard specimens had been collected by G.V. Haagner in Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Branch and Haagner, 1993; Haagner et al., 2000) and fixed in formalin on location.","Notes on a collection of reptiles from Zambia and adjacent areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.","Trachylepis ivensi is a terrestrial scincid lizard distributed in Angola, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Branch and Haagner, 1993; Haagner et al., 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1628012254,"citingcorpusid":128643899,"citedcorpusid":128537360,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Present-day subduction is approximately normal to the trough at a rate of about 4–6 cm yr 1 with more recent models indicating convergence rates near the high end of this range [e.g., Seno et al., 1993; Miyazaki and Heki, 2001; Sella et al., 2002; DeMets et al., 2010]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1892553766,"citingcorpusid":169878297,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Rather than considering these professionals as part of a wider institutional framework (see for example Myers, 2016; D’Arcy, 2009), the key objective of the chapter is to examine the evolving, particular experiences of planning and real estate\nprofessionals working in the London market today, and…","O’Brien (1992) and Martin (1994) discuss that financial"],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":1628012546,"citingcorpusid":128643899,"citedcorpusid":129513944,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Landward of the trough, heat flow determinations, adjusted for the effects of sedimentation and bathymetric relief, generally decrease with landward distance and vary from 70 mW m 2 slightly landward of the deformation front to 57 mW m 2 at the Kumano Basin Site [Harris et al., 2011]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2426672692,"citingcorpusid":27777945,"citedcorpusid":12494663,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Falls and footwear assessment tools Gray-Miceli et al. (2005) and Gray-Miceli (2007) recommend the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model, which is quick to administer and determines fall risk based on gender, mental and emotional status, dizziness symptoms and medications known to increase risk (Hendrich et al.","(11) Ensure that nurses are educated about appropriate footwear for older people and that they understand the link with fall prevention (Fortinsky et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1844057392,"citingcorpusid":214377305,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Тому напрями пізнавальної діяльності визначають, як правило, конкретною слідчою ситуацією, а також низкою чинників, до яких належать таке: наявність інформації про вчинення протидії підозрюваним; наявність джерела невідомої інформації про протидію; виявлені взаємозв’язки особи злочинця (посадової особи) із вчиненням протидії слідству [9].","відношення до злочину на всіх стадіях його здійснення (підготовки, виконання, приховування), а також до процесу його розкриття і розслідування, отримані процесуальним і не процесуальним шляхом [9]."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":1584298079,"citingcorpusid":202599204,"citedcorpusid":8051628,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Dietary intake of selenium has been implicated in a broad range of human physiologic conditions and diseases, including aging, heart disease and cancer (1)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":138247755,"citingcorpusid":5284773,"citedcorpusid":12494663,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In regard to footwear, this study concurs with several previous studies that have reported the reluctance of older people to change their footwear to improve foot health or to reduce the risk of falling [32-34]."],"intents":[["result"]]}
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{"citationid":3784535320,"citingcorpusid":249558636,"citedcorpusid":128353843,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recent research has found that among Latinos with T2D, inflammation and stress biomarkers mediate the association between household food insecurity and insulin resistance (Bermúdez-Millán et al., 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1936370192,"citingcorpusid":84426156,"citedcorpusid":39003255,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Struger et al.[4] measured 21 µg/L glyphosate in surface waters of southern Ontario (Canada).","021 mg/L) in the environment.[4] Besides, 0.","Struger et al.[4] measured 21 μg/L glyphosate in surface waters of southern Ontario (Canada)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3900386379,"citingcorpusid":251950260,"citedcorpusid":49194935,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Blockchain uses various consensus mechanisms like proof of work (PoW), proof of stake (PoS), etc. [8] The PoW of every block is a mathematical puzzle which introduces a specific level of difficulty to generate a new block."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2491311778,"citingcorpusid":40794907,"citedcorpusid":140204853,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For instance, in acute and inflammatory pain models, COMT inhibitors seem to sensitise animals to nociceptive stimuli (Diatchenko et al., 2005; Kambur et al., 2010; Nackley et al., 2007), whereas in animal models of neuropathic pain, COMT inhibitors exhibit an anti-allodynic effect (Kambur et al.","…acute and inflammatory pain models, COMT inhibitors seem to sensitise animals to nociceptive stimuli (Diatchenko et al., 2005; Kambur et al., 2010; Nackley et al., 2007), whereas in animal models of neuropathic pain, COMT inhibitors exhibit an anti-allodynic effect (Kambur et al., 2011;…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1693013883,"citingcorpusid":130118091,"citedcorpusid":5746353,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This has been well-known to climate scientists for at least nine years (Fischer et al. 1999; Fig."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2461057688,"citingcorpusid":22436685,"citedcorpusid":140204853,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…appear to be in accordance with previous studies showing enhanced pain sensitivity in response to mechanical and thermal stimuli after administration\nof COMT enzyme inhibitors (Nackley et al., 2007), or activation of b2 and b3-adrenergic receptors in rats (Khasar et al., 1999; Aley et al., 2001)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":187808131,"citingcorpusid":16090021,"citedcorpusid":14163257,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These circuits include approaches based on two equal [10], two unequal [11], or three cascaded sections [12], or on two-section shunt stubs [13].","In fact, the matching networks proposed in [7]–[13] would be better called dual-frequency instead of dual-band designs."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":948860005,"citingcorpusid":54580574,"citedcorpusid":5746353,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…occur, the effects of past volcanic activity on atmospheric CO2 concentration may not be apparent in ice core records, although ice cores provide an important long-term perspective on atmospheric concentrations of CO2 [e.g., Fischer et al., 1999; Indermühle et al., 1999; Lüthi et al., 2008]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3264661420,"citingcorpusid":129761311,"citedcorpusid":5746353,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["At this point CO2 levels have almost reached modern levels (Fischer et al., 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2655273961,"citingcorpusid":129160919,"citedcorpusid":5746353,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The largest observed variation in atmospheric CO2 concentration between 80 and 70 ka is in the order of 20 ppm (Fisher et al., 1999; Petit et al., 1999), which would cause variations in isotopic composition in the order of 0.2‰ (Feng and Epstein, 1995).","The largest observed variation in atmospheric CO2 concentration between 80 and 70 ka is in the order of 20 ppm (Fisher et al., 1999; Petit et al., 1999), which would cause variations in isotopic composition in the order of 0."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":252624101,"citingcorpusid":42139491,"citedcorpusid":153082975,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Further, whereas prior research has questioned frontline workers’ capacity for critical reflection ðRein 1983; Vinzant and Crothers 1998; Maynard-Moody and Musheno 2003Þ, we observed that peer group discussions helped frontline workers develop guiding principles that aimed to take into account…"],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":981238860,"citingcorpusid":58673132,"citedcorpusid":20843319,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The range- based localization technology is to realize the localization mainly through the coordinate information of anchor nodes and the measurement values that can be actually quantified, and the measurement values mainly include the RSSI [7-9], AOA [10], TOA [11], TW-TOA, SDS-TW-TOA [12], TDOA [13] and so on, and then, the coordinates of unknown nodes can be calculated through trilateration and maximum likelihood estimation."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":880793957,"citingcorpusid":34578259,"citedcorpusid":25925141,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["High levels of glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticosterone) potentiate neuronal injury in response to ischaemia ( Sapolsky & Pulsinelli, 1985 ) and to excitotoxins (Supko & Johnston, 1994)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1657525085,"citingcorpusid":125156551,"citedcorpusid":137445351,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Malekzadeh and Shojaee [32] studied the surface and nonlocal effects on the nonlinear flexural free vibrations of elastically supported non-uniform cross-section nanobeams.","[32] Malekzadeh P., Shojaee M., (2013), Surface and nonlocal effects on the nonlinear free vibration of non-uniform nanobeams."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1657524652,"citingcorpusid":125156551,"citedcorpusid":121177960,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Murmu and Pradhan [31] used differential quadrature (DQ) method to","[31] Murmu T., Pradhan S. C., (2009), Small-scale effect on the vibration of nonuniform nanocantilever based on nonlocal elasticity theory.","Murmu and Pradhan [31] used differential quadrature (DQ) method to\n71Int."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,null]}
{"citationid":475263698,"citingcorpusid":41533372,"citedcorpusid":25925141,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These physiologic stressors may contribute to delayed brain injury during brief external cooling and may be attenuated with NT77-induced hypothermia (29, 30)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":412509257,"citingcorpusid":18347484,"citedcorpusid":93985254,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, in previous studies, two forms of structures, hexagonal and monoclinic, have been recorded in which the structural outcome depends on the stoichiometry, pressure, and temperature of the experiment conducted.(24) In relation to the lead apatites, the hexagonal arrangement is usually associated with nonstoichiometric compounds, whereas the stoichiometric version takes on the monoclinic form."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4010845196,"citingcorpusid":254747735,"citedcorpusid":14644127,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In terms of actors, the importance of innovative local agencies (Asheim and Isaksen 2002), regional and local government governance actors and institutions (including universities), also science parks (Zhang 2015), other key infrastructure providers (Gerstlberger 2004; Takeda et al.","2008), specifically when surrounded by supporting innovative agencies (Asheim and Isaksen 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1441020083,"citingcorpusid":18347484,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is directly correlated to the problematic nature of producing stoichiometric apatites due to their tremendous agility in accommodating substitutions.(25) In relation to this, the lattice energy can also be affected within the pyromorphite structure.","Phase transitions into a hexagonal arrangement with two formula unit cells occurs at around 310C to 370C for the pyromorphite group.(25)"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4010845235,"citingcorpusid":254747735,"citedcorpusid":154319233,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Hu (2007) found, therefore, that most of China’s technology parks are located in large core urban areas where technological, educational and industrial resources are also concentrated."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":131500479,"citingcorpusid":35064383,"citedcorpusid":34048367,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Psychological grasping research has shown that humans often adjust finger forces and intelligently select finger contact locations which result in high quality grasps.(5) During daily activity, the shape and size of the object and the task which will be performed dictates the choice of a grasp.","Furthermore, humans have the intelligence to select the finger contact locations that result in firm and high quality grasps.(5) The authors main objective was to formulate grasping models that generate and select high quality grasps."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2417119084,"citingcorpusid":145074079,"citedcorpusid":44056672,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…decisions and purchase intentions (e.g. Lee and Lee, 2009), its ability to persuade consumers (e.g. Zhang et al., 2010), its antecedents (e.g. Jayawardhena and Wright, 2009; Gruen et al., 2006; Mazzarol et al., 2007; Sweeney et al., 2008), and its consequences (e.g. Park and Lee, 2008; Huang…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1015518434,"citingcorpusid":88866451,"citedcorpusid":38393096,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This may be relevant to CMV infection as a study showed that disruption of lipid rafts of the cell membrane by depletion of cellular cholesterol inhibited HCMV entry, suggesting the essential of cholesterol for viral entry (Juckem et al., 2008), which might also occur in MCMV."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1015518346,"citingcorpusid":88866451,"citedcorpusid":7394438,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["15 suggests similarities of the viral life cycle across the diverse viruses involving viral entry, DNA replication and viral assembly (Arvin et al., 2007).","The vesicles containing the mature virions are transported to the cell surface to release the virions by fusion of an exocytic vesicle with the plasma membrane (Arvin et al., 2007).","Surrounding the core, the capsid is an icosahedron constructed of 162 capsomeres containing capsid proteins (reviewed in (Arvin et al., 2007))."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2309065862,"citingcorpusid":7243066,"citedcorpusid":24010360,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…cereus spores in a biofilm are inactivated >99 99% by treatment with scCO2 plus ethanol at 60°C, and when these treated spores are stained in essence with\nBacLight, essentially all of the spores stain dark red (Park et al. 2013), perhaps due in part to the rather high temperature used in this work.","…supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) at pressures of 2–20 mega Pascals (mPa) and temperatures from 25 to 50°C (Spilimbergo et al. 2003, 2010; White et al. 2006; Park et al. 2013; Tamburini et al.\n2014a,b; Bernhardt et al. 2015), conditions that alone are not especially damaging to drugs or devices.","There have been several studies of mechanisms of spore inactivation by scCO2 plus either hydrogen peroxide (Zhang et al. 2007; Checinska et al. 2011) or ethanol (Park et al. 2013).","One treatment that has attracted significant interest is supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) at pressures of 2–20 mega Pascals (mPa) and temperatures from 25 to 50°C (Spilimbergo et al. 2003, 2010; White et al. 2006; Park et al. 2013; Tamburini et al. 2014a,b; Bernhardt et al. 2015), conditions that alone are not especially damaging to drugs or devices.","Interestingly, Bacillus cereus spores in a biofilm are inactivated >99 99% by treatment with scCO2 plus ethanol at 60°C, and when these treated spores are stained in essence with BacLight, essentially all of the spores stain dark red (Park et al. 2013), perhaps due in part to the rather high temperature used in this work."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":989451963,"citingcorpusid":70641789,"citedcorpusid":1914318,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["PAD is a depolarizing inhibition that reduces the amount of neurotransmitter released by the primary afferents and has been shown to be mediated by GABA in the crayfish (Cattaert et al. 1992).","…has been shown that during the rapid flexion response of escape behavior, walking, and tailfan movements, local reflexes are modulated during the centrally commanded movements (Bryan and Krasne 1977 a and b; Cattaert et al. 1992; Kirk and Wine 1984; El Manira and Clarac 1991; Cattaert et al. 1992).","PAD has also been shown to be blocked with the application of picrotoxin (PTX), a blocker of chloride channels associated with GABA receptors (El Manira and Clarac 1991; Cattaert et al. 1992).","In crayfish, it has been shown that during the rapid flexion response of escape behavior, walking, and tailfan movements, local reflexes are modulated during the centrally commanded movements (Bryan and Krasne 1977 a and b; Cattaert et al. 1992; Kirk and Wine 1984; El Manira and Clarac 1991; Cattaert et al. 1992)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2908949970,"citingcorpusid":7243066,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Spores of all strains were prepared on 29 Schaeffer’sglucose agar plates at 37°C and purified essentially as described (Nicholson and Setlow 1990; Paidhungat et al. 2000), but the plates for preparation of the recA spores were protected from UV light."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2222983568,"citingcorpusid":90788467,"citedcorpusid":56312311,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…derived from EC measurements\nGP P Re NE P % Δb GP P Re NE P % Δb Source f\nUSVar Grassla nd 38 .4 −12 0.9\n2001/ 02cd 69 4 78 8 −9 4 −2\n51\n84 4 90 4 −6 0 −1\n68 (Ma et al., 2007)2004/\n05ce 90 7 84 5 62\n13 13 12 25 88\nCALet Mixed grass prairie\n49 .7 −11 2.9\n2002e 793 58 9 20 4 −9\n5\n82 2 52 7 29 5…","…year compared to non-drought year ((drought − non-drought)/non-drought) × 100). c. Hydrological year: 23, October to 22, October of the next year (Ma et al., 2007). d. Drought year. e. Non-drought year (reference year). f. EC dataset processed at ORNL, as part of the NACP Site-Level…"],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2222984407,"citingcorpusid":90788467,"citedcorpusid":84159534,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…< 0.83) (Grant and Flanagan, 2007, Li et al., 2004), cropland in Nebraska with irrigated vs. rainfed maize-soybean rotation in 2002–2003 (R2 > 0.8) (Grant et al., 2007b); boreal aspen forest in Saskatchewan under the 2001–2003 drought (R2 > 0.72) (Grant et al., 2006a), and in several temperate…","B6) (Grant et al., 2007a)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2092439025,"citingcorpusid":10173481,"citedcorpusid":154890265,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…by relating differences in outcomes between siblings to differences in their experience of being born to a teenage mother as well as differences in other time-varying covariates, while all variables that are fixed over time and shared among siblings (e.g., mother’s education) cannot be identified.","Because of this non-random sorting of siblings, a constant term must also be included in such regressions (see Ashenfelter and Rouse, 1998)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3973663548,"citingcorpusid":253358723,"citedcorpusid":158044357,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(Lustig, 2017) Ahora bien, todo lo antes indicado viene desde la teoría dejando un poco aparte la percepción pragmática de los impuestos parafiscales en el Ecuador, por eso se realizaron 6 encuestas a diversos profesionales con el fin de obtener una imagen más empírica del tema que nos atañe, que…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1692384549,"citingcorpusid":38895375,"citedcorpusid":22187655,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["E-mail: tknight327@aol.com\nJournal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2003) 5, 249–255 doi:10.1016/S1098-612X(03)00047-0\nDate accepted: 8 May 2003\n1098-612X/03/050249+07 $30.00/0 © 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of ESFM and AAFP.\net al 1993, Van Alstine et al 1993, Knight et al 2001).","Among the more unusual signs reported are ataxia of cerebellar (Hoffheimer 1988) or vestibular (Knight et al 2001) origin, vertical nystagmus indicating central vestibular dysfunction (Knight et al 2001), polyuria/polydipsia (Valler and Virat 1956, Morgan et al 1991a) presumably from renal tubular…","Succimer has been used successfully in dogs (Ramsey et al 1996) and cats (Knight et al 2001), but does not have FDA approval for use in veterinary patients.","…are ataxia of cerebellar (Hoffheimer 1988) or vestibular (Knight et al 2001) origin, vertical nystagmus indicating central vestibular dysfunction (Knight et al 2001), polyuria/polydipsia (Valler and Virat 1956, Morgan et al 1991a) presumably from renal tubular damage, and megaesophagus with…","The cats were clinically normal 3 weeks after discharge (Knight et al 2001).","Standard dosage for dogs and cats is 10 mg/kg, p.o., q 8 h for 10 days (Graziano et al 1978, Knight et al 2001).","Maximal response to succimer, in terms of amount of lead excreted, can be expected in the first day of treatment (Graziano et al 1978, 1985, Knight et al 2001)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":499955302,"citingcorpusid":23358031,"citedcorpusid":1274636,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The model in [48] is veri ed with the embarrassingly parallel benchmark set.","In contrast to execution time modelling, articles reporting on energy modelling are rare: [21] and [48] present energy models for generalised workload that take the number of cores of the target machine and the frequency of these cores into account."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":892310146,"citingcorpusid":16905078,"citedcorpusid":15534965,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…(1961) and was thought to encode proteins that carry out sequential steps in a certain metabolic pathway and/or are functionally related (Blumenthal 1998; Lawrence 2002, 2003), where even the order of the genes within the operon tends to follow the order of the biochemical process (Rocha 2008).","This model was originally termed an operon by Jacob and Monod (1961), and was thought to encode proteins that carry out sequential steps in a certain metabolic pathway and/or are functionally related (Blumenthal 1998; Lawrence 2002; Lawrence 2003), where even the order of the genes within the operon tends to follow the order of the biochemical process (Rocha 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1688831164,"citingcorpusid":16905078,"citedcorpusid":205136243,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of TFs with the same type of DNAbinding domain that have close functional relatedness (e.g., Weickert and Adhya 1992; Alekshun and Levy 1999; Busenlehner et al. 2003; Ramos et al. 2005; Elgrably-Weiss et al. 2006; Elsholz et al. 2010), rendering our premise valid and our conclusions robust.","There are several examples of TFs with the same type of DNAbinding domain that have close functional relatedness (e.g., Weickert and Adhya 1992; Alekshun and Levy 1999; Busenlehner et al. 2003; Ramos et al. 2005; Elgrably-Weiss et al. 2006; Elsholz et al. 2010), rendering our premise valid and our conclusions robust."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":942865361,"citingcorpusid":23560603,"citedcorpusid":2588252,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The present study is consistent with previous reports((16,17)) from other studies that reported protective effects of higher levels of PUFA on the prospective risk of CVD; however, it was not consistent with several other studies in which higher PUFA biomarkers were not independently associated with CHD risk."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":2109899298,"citingcorpusid":96551503,"citedcorpusid":98233906,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Abstract: The reactions of b-lapachone (1) with 1,2-diaminoethane (2) and 1,2-diaminopropane (4) gave the tetracyclic pyrazine derivatives (3) and mixtures of (5) and (6), respectively, while reaction with o-phenylene diamine (7) gave the quinoxaline derivative (8).","5,6-Dihydro-3,7,7-trimethyl-7H-pyrano[30,20:4] naphtha [1,2b]-pyrazine (6)"],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2172350138,"citingcorpusid":5009633,"citedcorpusid":44932700,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
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{"citationid":3563496660,"citingcorpusid":239055745,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The nonlinear Hoek–Brown (H-B) yield criterion is gradually accepted and has been improved by lots of researchers (Hoek and Brown, 1980; Pan and Hudson, 1988; Hoek et al., 2002; Priest, 2005; Zhang and Zhu, 2007; Zhang, 2008; Lee et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2013; Zou and Su, 2016; Dai et al., 2018).","The nonlinear Hoek–Brown (H-B) yield criterion is gradually accepted and has been improved by lots of researchers (Hoek and Brown, 1980; Pan and Hudson, 1988; Hoek et al., 2002; Priest, 2005; Zhang and Zhu, 2007; Zhang, 2008; Lee et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2013; Zou and Su, 2016; Dai et al., 2018)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3547978885,"citingcorpusid":239055745,"citedcorpusid":134326741,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, the axial in situ stress and axial plastic flow have significantly influence on the stress distribution and strain-softening behavior of surrounding rock (Guan et al., 2018)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":859548249,"citingcorpusid":8892309,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, most of the documented studies were performed on an in vitro basis, or on an in vivo pharmacological study using systemically or peripherally injected nefopam [21,22]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1917413430,"citingcorpusid":216588179,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The study of the lithium-ion batteries parameters under different operating conditions is very important for the development of technologies such as battery modeling and battery energy management systems [1]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3810070264,"citingcorpusid":250079352,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Literature survey shows that several analytical methods for the determination of Enrofloxacin include RP-HPLC[2, 3], HPLC[4-6], RP-LC[7], LC[8] and dissolution study[9] have been reported.","Method Development and\nValidation for Estimation of Enrofloxacin by RP-HPLC in Marketed Formulations.","Analytical Method Development and Validation\nfor Estimation of Enrofloxacin in Small Volume Parenteral Formulation by HPLC Method.","Literature survey shows that several analytical methods for the determination of Enrofloxacin include RP-HPLC , HPLC([4-6]), RP-LC([7]), LC([8]) and dissolution study([9]) have been reported.","Stability- Indicating\nRP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Enrofloxacin and Its Degradation Products in Tablet Dosage Forms.","Development and Validation of an HPLC\nMethod for the Determination of Oxytetracycline and Enrofloxacin in Veterinary Formulations."],"intents":[null,null,null,["methodology"],null,null]}
{"citationid":2458173304,"citingcorpusid":2628024,"citedcorpusid":14505368,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2738894738,"citingcorpusid":154340695,"citedcorpusid":154759289,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Unlike Ronn and Ronn, MLF attempt to resolve the non-synchronization problem in the data using Bhattacharya’s [1983] procedure."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2469401350,"citingcorpusid":119207892,"citedcorpusid":39700573,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This is based in part on previous studies (Saglia et al. 2001; Colless et al. 2001), and in part assumed for convenience and simplicity.","We note that the FP is, in general, found to be consistent between samples of E and S0 galaxies (Jorgensen, Franx & Kjaergaard 1996; Colless et al. 2001), and that, in fitting the E and S0 galaxies as one morphological subsample, we find the same scatter about the FP as the for full sample.","The Fundamental Plane is modelled as a three-dimensional Gaussian in a similar fashion to the approach adopted by the EFAR survey (Saglia et al. 2001; Colless et al. 2001) and subsequently by Bernardi et al. (2003).","These are the same axes defined by Colless et al. (2001) for the EFAR FP study, with the exception that the value of b quoted in this study is the coefficient of log〈Ie〉 (with units of L pc−2) rather than the coefficient of 〈µe〉 (with units of mag arcsec−2) used in the EFAR study, so that b6dF =…","…often claimed to be ‘universal’, in the sense that the coefficients are similar for galaxies across environments ranging from the low-density field to highdensity clusters (e.g. Jorgensen, Franx & Kjaergaard 1996; Pahre, de Carvalho & Djorgovski 1998; Colless et al. 2001; Reda, Forbes & Hau 2005)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["result"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3083619524,"citingcorpusid":30782738,"citedcorpusid":27994716,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":851712298,"citingcorpusid":2190921,"citedcorpusid":17642965,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["After paraformaldehyde fixation, cells were\nstained using Oct4 (Santa Cruz Biotech, Santa Cruz, CA) SSEA4, Tra-I-60 and Tra-I-81 (all provided by Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Iowa City, IA) specific antibodies as previously described (Mateizel et al. 2006).","After paraformaldehyde fixation, cells were stained using Oct4 (Santa Cruz Biotech, Santa Cruz, CA) SSEA4, Tra-I-60 and Tra-I-81 (all provided by Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Iowa City, IA) specific antibodies as previously described (Mateizel et al. 2006).","Methods using good-quality embryos described efficiency ranging from 18% to 50% (Thomson et al. 1998; Reubinoff et al. 2000; Cowan et al. 2004; Ludwig et al. 2006; Mateizel et al. 2006; Strom et al. 2007; Lerou et al. 2008; Turetsky et al. 2008)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1030660270,"citingcorpusid":91844730,"citedcorpusid":95422345,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":935160597,"citingcorpusid":25078754,"citedcorpusid":188666,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is in agreement with previous studies that have employed either standard rTMS protocols [19–21,34] or theta-burst stimulation [23,35] in offline visual cortex rTMS protocols.","We then used offline 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to temporarily disrupt function within either V1 or V5 [19–21] and assessed the effect of this disruption on motion axis discrimination accuracy for both counter-phase and in-phase dot stimuli."],"intents":[["result"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":369883299,"citingcorpusid":31776303,"citedcorpusid":16922551,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["DNA methylation was the first epigenetic mark to be discovered in mammalian cells [1], and while many other epigenetic marks are known and even more are currently being discovered [2], the role that DNA methylation plays in the regulation of gene expression is now widely accepted."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3400316274,"citingcorpusid":10018841,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The most stringent laboratory bound is [5] m ντ ≤ 24 MeV at 95% confidence level."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1219729040,"citingcorpusid":4519860,"citedcorpusid":16922551,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…citrullination, ubiquitination, ADP-ribosylation, deamination, formylation, O-GlcNAcylation, propionylation, butyrylation, crotonylation, and proline isomerization (Chen et al. 2007; Martin and Zhang 2007; Ruthenburg et al. 2007; Tan et al. 2011; Herranz et al. 2012; Tweedie-Cullen et al. 2012).","These include citrullination, ubiquitination, ADP-ribosylation, deamination, formylation, O-GlcNAcylation, propionylation, butyrylation, crotonylation, and proline isomerization (Chen et al. 2007; Martin and Zhang 2007; Ruthenburg et al. 2007; Tan et al. 2011; Herranz et al. 2012; Tweedie-Cullen et al. 2012)."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":4042455220,"citingcorpusid":255971374,"citedcorpusid":195830291,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The reasons for heterogeneity are unknown and may reflect subclonal variation in MMR gene inactivation or heterogeneity of MLH1 promoter hypermethylation influenced by the tumor microenvironment.(10) Amodio and col-"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3384748303,"citingcorpusid":235906999,"citedcorpusid":16922551,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The histone Kcr was conserved from yeast to human [5].","A pan antibody against Kcr was generated to directly detect Kcr [5].","THE FUNCTIONS OF KCR IN MICROBIOLOGY The conserved histone Kcr was detected in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [5].","Crotonylation was initially identified on lysine residues in histones enriched in the promoter and enhancer regions in both human somatic and male germinal cells, indicating lysine crotonylation (Kcr) of histone may be an indicator of gene expression [5].","THE FUNCTIONS OF KCR IN PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY Several recent studies have demonstrated that Kcr is implicated in various physiological processes [5, 15] (Fig.","● The overlap between Kcr and other PTMs, such as Kcr and Kac, arouses consideration on whether different acylations have unique regulatory roles or they perform redundant functions.","Isotopic labeling, previously used for the detection of Kac [75], was also used to detect Kcr [5].","Kcr versus Kac The overlap between histone Kcr and Kac [5] (Fig.","The overlap between Kcr and other PTMs, such as Kcr and Kac [5], aroused consideration on whether different acylations have unique regulatory roles or they perform redundant functions.","THE FUNCTIONS OF KCR IN PLANTS After initial identification of Kcr [5], crotonylome analysis in tobacco [7], papaya fruit [62], rice [63], and peanut [64] have been reported (Table 2).","In distinct metabolic conditions, or different progression status of tissues, the patterns of Kcr and Kac were different, which may be due to the altered concentrations of distinct CoA [5].","● The overlap between histone Kcr and Kac raises the possibility of crosstalk between these two PTMs that display distinct roles in the same disease and biological process.","Illustrations of histone Kcr and Kac sites in human cells.","Both Kcr and Kac were critical for global transcription in mammalian cells [16].","However, Kcr was reported to preferentially ‘escapee genes’ during post-meiotic sex inactivation in mouse testis [5].","The overlap between histone Kcr and Kac [5] (Fig.","Spermatogenesis An intense labeling of histone Kcr was observed in post-meiotic male germ cells and was related with X-linked haploid cell-specific gene expression program, indicating a role of histone Kcr in epigenetic modification in the post-meiotic stages of spermatogenesis [5]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["methodology"],["background"],null,["methodology"],null,null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1163891645,"citingcorpusid":120991206,"citedcorpusid":120306545,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Alternative metrics of model skill (skill scores) have been proposed (Murphy and Epstein, 1989; Taylor, 2001), such as:","Alternative metrics of model skill (skill scores) have been proposed (Murphy and Epstein, 1989; Taylor, 2001), such as:\nS1 ¼ 1:0− 2 1þ Rð Þ σ þ1=σ ð Þ2\n\" # ð16Þ\nand\nS2 ¼ 1:0− 1þ Rð Þ 4\nσ þ1=σ ð Þ24\n\" # ð17Þ\nThe prevailing convention is to have the skill score range between 0.0 (for poor skill) and…"],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2467715890,"citingcorpusid":2803507,"citedcorpusid":47572683,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Methods suitable for integration are readily available in the literature, notably the methods by Khayat, Wilton and Fink [6] for the 1R singularity and by Weile and Wang [7] for 1R2 singularities."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":26271226,"citingcorpusid":20934491,"citedcorpusid":30155126,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["To date, the only information available on secreted factors that enhance proliferation of intestinal cells pertains to the Wnts (Pinto et al., 2003; Kuhnert et al., 2004; Walters, 2005).","One such candidate family is the Wnt family (Pinto et al., 2003; Kuhnert et al., 2004; Walters, 2005).","Recently, intracellular signaling molecules that govern cell growth and differentiation along this axis were increasingly described (Stappenbeck et al., 1998; Brittan and Wright, 2004; Walters, 2005).","Then, nuclear translocation of b-catenin results in its interaction with members of the T-cell factor/lymphoidenhancing factor family of transcription factors, subsequently directing the upregulation of genes that increase cellular proliferation (Walters, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3904416268,"citingcorpusid":55393614,"citedcorpusid":16157188,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["where H is the Hurst exponent and D is the Euclidian dimension of the series considered, which is in this case equal to one [7, 12, 42, 43].","Two additional features were obtained by the ratio between the minimum VFD of the heart sounds and the minimum VFD between the three center points and the ratio between the minimum VFD of the heart sounds and the maximum VFD between the three center points [12, 43]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2594082226,"citingcorpusid":85590269,"citedcorpusid":88843728,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["رـب سيدـنيف شيامزآ ساسا)Findeis, 1980 ( داد ناشـن هـك دـيلوت ثـعاب يكشـخ هرود كـي زا دـعب ديدش يگدنراب هـلحرم رد هـك دـسر يـم رظن هب دوش يم هيوناث ياه هدغ دـغ دـيلوت هـب رجنم شنت انوفرام رد و موس هـيوناث ياـه ه تـــسا هدــ ـش ."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":133478924,"citingcorpusid":20457116,"citedcorpusid":29733837,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[", 1991, 1993) and Cornitermes bequaerti (Bordereau et al., 2002).","However, the subfamily Prorhinotermitinae displays another combination of glands and compounds, similar to the situation in Termitidae (Bordereau et al., 2002, 2010; Sillam-Dussès et al., 2010): the trail pheromone consists of the diterpene neocembrene (major component) and dodecatrienol (Sillam-Dussès et al., 2009); the sex pheromone is once again dodecatrienol, but it is secreted by female tergal glands (Hanus et al., 2009).","Our findings underline the conservative nature of chemical communication in termites, with dodecatrienol being the most frequent component of pheromonal signals in trail-following and sex attraction in Rhinotermitidae and Termitidae.","…confirmed as the major or only component of the sex pheromone in numerous termite species; it is produced by the tergal glands in Syntermitinae (Bordereau et al., 2002), and by the sternal gland in the macrotermitine Pseudacanthotermes (Bordereau et al., 1991) and in the rhinotermitid…","However, the subfamily Prorhinotermitinae displays another combination of glands and compounds, similar to the situation in Termitidae (Bordereau et al., 2002, 2010; Sillam-Dussès et al., 2010): the trail pheromone consists of the diterpene neocembrene (major component) and dodecatrienol…","Dodecatrienol has been confirmed as the major or only component of the sex pheromone in numerous termite species; it is produced by the tergal glands in Syntermitinae (Bordereau et al., 2002), and by the sternal gland in the macrotermitine Pseudacanthotermes (Bordereau et al., 1991) and in the rhinotermitid Reticulitermes (Laduguie et al., 1994a).","Identification of multicomponent trail pheromones in the most evolutionarily derived termites, the Nasutitermitinae (Termitidae).","On the other hand, it contrasts with the dramatic differences between the amounts of dodecatrienol used by workers and females in the termitids Pseudacanthotermes spiniger (Bordereau et al., 1991, 1993) and Cornitermes bequaerti (Bordereau et al., 2002).","Previous studies implicated multiple glands in termite sexual attraction, such as the sternal gland and the tergal glands in Trinervitermes bettonianus (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) (Leuthold, 1975, 1977) and Kalotermes flavicollis (Kalotermitidae) (Wall, 1971), or the tergal and the posterior sternal glands in Macrotermes annandalei and M. barneyi (Termitidae: Macrotermitinae) (Peppuy et al., 2004), but the nature of the sex pheromones has not been identified in these species.","It is particularly true for the situation within the paraphyletic family Rhinotermitidae, within which both Serritermitidae and Termitidae probably evolved (see recent molecular phylogenetic studies, e.g., Lo et al., 2004; Ohkuma et al., 2004; Inward et al., 2007; Legendre et al., 2008).","Dodecatrienol has been confirmed as the major or only component of the sex pheromone in numerous termite species; it is produced by the tergal glands in Syntermitinae (Bordereau et al., 2002), and by the sternal gland in the macrotermitine Pseudacanthotermes (Bordereau et al."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],["background"],null,null,["background"],null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3619446295,"citingcorpusid":244657269,"citedcorpusid":10908630,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, the discovery of interference invariants in SmartACE is an instance of [22]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4072216819,"citingcorpusid":257245977,"citedcorpusid":239051604,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["When a predictive search was carried out to find potential antifungal stretches within the protein by using the recent deep-learning-based prediction Deep-AFPpred server [31], among the sequences with higher scores, two peptides, named Ma1 and Ma2, were selected.","app/) (accessed on 7 February 2022), a recent deep-learning-based server specifically designed to predict antifungal propensity in peptides [31]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1782752083,"citingcorpusid":146067509,"citedcorpusid":205102412,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2201944065,"citingcorpusid":16253039,"citedcorpusid":121000851,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is cleared from previous study about nanofluid boiling (Kim et al., 2007; Wen, 2008; Zhu et al., 2010; Coursey and Kim, 2008; Khandekar et al., 2008; Noie et al., 2009; Mikic and Rohnesow, 1969; Narayan et al., 2007; Li et al., 2008; Kim et al., 2007) that the nanoparticles changed the surface…","Research of mechanisms of thermal nanofluids on enhanced critical heat flux is carried out by Wen (2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2355661247,"citingcorpusid":143192282,"citedcorpusid":9874536,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, animal research demonstrates unique roles for different amygdala subdivisions in mediating the effects of stress (Albeck et al., 1997; Caldji et al., 2000; Hsu et al., 1998; Pelletier et al., 2005; Rainnie et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":102691066,"citingcorpusid":1626489,"citedcorpusid":9874536,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Aversive stimulation induced the expression of CRF mRNA (Hsu et al., 1998, Kalin et al., 1994 and Makino et al., 1999) and the release of CRF (Cook, 2002, Merali et al., 1998 and Merlo Pich et al., 1995) in brain areas of the fear pathway (LeDoux, 2000) such as the amygdala and the bed nucleus of…","Consistent with a dual role of CRF, aversive stimuli that activated CRF in the amygdala induced CRF expression in the PVN as well (Hsu et al., 1998 and Kalin et al., 1994).","Acute exposure to an aversive situation such as restraint, immobilization, and tail shock increases CRF mRNA levels in the PVN of adult rats (Aubry et al., 1999, Helmreich et al., 1999, Hsu et al., 1998, Kalin et al., 1994 and Ma et al., 1997)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1703392839,"citingcorpusid":205806455,"citedcorpusid":9874536,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The lateral part of the CeA contains the highest density of CRH cell bodies within the amygdaloid complex while a more modest amount is found within the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) (Hsu et al., 1998; Pitts et al., 2009).","It is worthy of note that exposure to various stressors as well as ischemia increase extracellular CRH release and/or mRNA expression at the CeA (Hsu et al., 1998; Merali et al., 1998; Merlo Pich et al., 1995)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4038186079,"citingcorpusid":255802295,"citedcorpusid":45822576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thin endometrium in assisted reproduction is often defined as endometrial thickness being less than 7 mm or 8 mm.((4,5,6)) Although pregnancy results are reported in both 4 and 5 mm thick endometrium, low pregnancy success rates are associated with a thin endometrium."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":584078070,"citingcorpusid":55865640,"citedcorpusid":2314444,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Su [21] developed a fuzzy multi-objective linear"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2105046054,"citingcorpusid":219630781,"citedcorpusid":6808691,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In [13], the authors proposed distance based mechanism called urban multi-hop broadcast protocol where broadcast redundancy is suppressed by only allowing the farthest vehicle from the transmitter to rebroadcast."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1789503730,"citingcorpusid":211006694,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Natural fractures have a roughness that develops over several length scales 680 [Bouchaud, 1997; Ponson et al., 2006], ranging from macro-roughness (in a sense of a 681 tortuosity) to micro-roughness, which may even invalidate using macroscopically defined 682 contact angle models or classical no-slip boundary conditions (e.","Natural fractures have a roughness that develops over several length scales680 [Bouchaud, 1997; Ponson et al., 2006], ranging from macro-roughness (in a sense of a681 tortuosity) to micro-roughness, which may even invalidate using macroscopically defined682 contact angle models or classical no-slip…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":430468659,"citingcorpusid":4612355,"citedcorpusid":3819729,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The other primary and secondary outcomes investigated in each of the studies are listed in Table 1 [2,7-9,14-27].","Accordingly, a quantitative analysis including recently published high-quality RCTs assessing physical function [2,14] could yield additional clinical significance."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1144667591,"citingcorpusid":44014645,"citedcorpusid":154819067,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of theoretical stochastic models of spot price dynamics that provide a framework for pricing various commodity derivatives including futures, see, e.g. Gabillon (1991), Schwartz (1997), Eydeland and Geman (1998), Cortazar and Schwartz (2003), Pilipovic (2007), and Liu and Tang (2010) to name a few."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2658882574,"citingcorpusid":154675527,"citedcorpusid":34547373,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["One possible explanation is that Internet technology based implementation (at the supply chain level) needs to be underpinned by effective (and perhaps closer) trading partner relationships (Akkermans et al., 2004; Muckstadt et al., 2004; Wu et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2817104493,"citingcorpusid":138780889,"citedcorpusid":121225607,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["An alternative to this approach is to insert discontinuities in continuum elements based on partitions of unity [3, 4]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1094237017,"citingcorpusid":12493567,"citedcorpusid":145383678,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Evaluation of PRO items through CIs is considered standard practice in the development of psychometrically sound PRO instruments [15, 16].","reduce the chances of discovery failure rather than to recruit a sample that is representative of the population [16]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3920428044,"citingcorpusid":252131387,"citedcorpusid":225822052,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This may be due to low skills and lack of muscle strength which makes it prone to injury (Nasrulloh & Wicaksono, 2020)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1633544898,"citingcorpusid":104088692,"citedcorpusid":137891555,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, performing a pre-treatment may also prevent some common problems of natural fibers in cementitious materials, but it must be clear that the treated fibers do not add some other chemicals that influence the hydration process negatively (Koohestani 2017; Švegl et al.","Even though natural fibers bring some advantages to cementitious materials (e.g., tensile strength improvement), the physical properties of natural fibers should not be deteriorated in alkaline condition during the cement hydration (Clauft 2008; Koohestani 2017; Koohestani et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":128090986,"citingcorpusid":12461152,"citedcorpusid":9950978,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In our test application we use the SOM to build the called perceptual map [9].","In this case, SOM reduces the data set to bi-dimensional clusters with more tolerance to noise [9].","In a application which intends to use SOM for a real time topological map training such as [9] our approach could make real time possible or allow the use of more dimensional input data."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2828088608,"citingcorpusid":220872441,"citedcorpusid":12899421,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["We hence highlight locations in the first frame with colored boxes for which we depict the BTFs in a graph below using the respective color.","In this context, we follow Grossberg and Nayar [56] who estimated global BTFs whereby we apply their strategy to local segments instead of global images.","In the initialization phase, we start by estimating one BTF per image pair via histogram specification [55].","The part on handling illumination changes in Chapter 5 starts by introducing the concept of estimating illumination changes in terms of brightness transfer functions (BTFs) followed by the presentation of a very flexible parametrization framework to express them in terms of basis functions and coefficients .","5.4 contains rather global illumination changes as can be seen at hand of the BTFs.","The estimated mean BTF is rather linear in contrast to the one of the EMoR basis, since we derive a mapping between intensities where the expected average is given by the identity function.","When comparing BTFIllum using color images and a joint set of coefficients for all image channels with the baseline, there are different observations to be made.","In this context, an obstacle is that for this BTF (which can be arbitrarily complex) there is only one local constraint at each pixel: Given the intensity\n5.7 • Basis Learning for Brightness Transfer Functions 119\nof the pixel in the first frame as an argument, the unknown BTF must provide the intensity of the corresponding pixel in the second frame.","In order to capture a wider spectrum of such BTFs, we clustered regions of different types of BTFs within the image sequences and iteratively determined basis functions on local BTFs.","While the mean BTF remains approximately the identity, the main support of the other basis functions is even further shifted towards the upper end of the dynamic range.","together with the latter we estimate the so-called brightness transfer function (BTF) between both frames – which is known as relative intensity transfer function in [38].","Let us now discuss how to obtain the type of illumination changes in terms of the mean BTF φ̄ and the basis functions φ j as well as the associated weights ξ j that help respecting the orders of magnitude of the illumination coefficients in the corresponding regularizer.","5.5, we see significantly different BTFs for the highlighted locations of the image sequence.","This includes both approaches that estimate a single global BTF [38] as well as methods that estimate coefficients for a given parametrization in order to determine local illumination changes.","Regarding the types of illumination changes, the arbitrary complexity of the pointwise BTFs is reduced to those BTFs that are expressible using the basis functions that we have estimated so far.","If learned separately, there still is the sub-decision to be made whether the clustering of the BTFs shall be conducted jointly or separately for the channels.","Given a set of NcIll basis functions φ j : R→R and an intensity I , the corresponding parametrized BTF reads\nΦ(b, I ) = φ̄(I )+ NcIll∑\nj=1 b j ·φ j (I ) , (5.1)\nwhere φ̄(I ) : R → R is the so-called mean brightness transfer function and b = (b1, . . . ,bNcIll)⊤ are linear weights that state the influence of each basis vector.","Moreover, we employ a joint penalization strategy for all coefficient fields whereby a single penalizer per direction is applied, since we assume that any spatial change in the BTF not only leads to a discontinuity in a particular coefficient field but in all of them.","To this end, we extracted brightness transfer functions from image sequences and determined basis functions using a principal component analysis on these BTFs.","Parameter ALD-Flow ContFusion-Flow BTFIllum ICALD-Flow\nCoarse-to-fine η 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 Lag.","Finally, the BTF is given as the result of a histogram specification that transforms the source histogram h1 to the target histogram h2.","Especially the blue BTF significantly differs from the others, since the corresponding location in the frame contains an inter-reflection in the windshield of the moving car.","Iterative Localization of the BTFs.","So even non-convex functionals are acceptable as long as they lead to useful BTFs.","In general, we thus have to assume the parametrization of the BTF to be time-variant, expressed by adding an index ∆t , i.e. we have Φ∆t .","Such a learned parametrization represents the BTF in terms of a basis.","On this set of BTFs, the so-called observations, we perform a principal component analysis (PCA) in order to obtain a small set of basis functions that is appropriate to describe the observations.","#Cores Version ALD-Flow ContFusion-Flow BTFIllum ICALD-Flow\n1 Full Method 00:40 02:31 01:05 03:04 Baseline 00:09 00:06 00:09 00:06\n4 Full Method 00:31 01:05 00:31 01:52 Baseline 00:06 00:04 00:06 00:04","Representation of the BTF.","Since the second frame is evaluated at a displaced position, we decided to apply the BTF to the first frame which reads\nDBCA(w,b) = ΨD\n( Nc∑\nc=1\n( I c (x+w)−Φ(bc (x), I c (x)) )2\n)\n.","In general, there are two possibilities where to apply the BTF within the data constraint: at the first frame or at the second frame.","Finally, existing variational methods with parametrized illumination models rely on simple concepts for data and smoothness terms [53, 38].","Since in this context different research fields are important, namely optical flowmethods that jointly also estimate illumination changes and parametrization learning in the context of BTFs, we will subdivide the related work w.r.t. the different research fields.","For color images, the whole learning procedure is either applied to each color channel separately or the BTFs of each channel are combined to learn a joint basis.","Such basis functions are obtained by the following PCA out of all the BTFs of all remaining segments.","The comparison of BTFIllum using grey value images with the baseline shows that illumination compensation is beneficial for the KITTI benchmarks\n130 Chapter 5 • Optical Flow and Illumination Compensation\nTable 5.8: Impact of the illumination compensation on the variational refinement as proposed by Maurer et al. [86] for different benchmarks.","The problem is further relaxed, since we are not actually interested in the coefficients b themselves but in the resulting brightness transfer function (BTF) Φ(b, I ) which we want to use in order to compensate the first frame for the estimated illumination changes.","We will split the evaluation of our method for jointly estimating illumination changes and optical flow, which is called BTFIllum, into two parts: One part is focused on the\n5.9 • Evaluation 121\nTable 5.1: Comparison of different variants of our method on the full KITTI 2012 training set.","Our method BTFIllum contains an additional parameter αill that weights the firstorder anisotropic smoothness constraint on the illumination coefficients with fixed differentiability constants ǫill,S1 = 0.01 and ǫill,S2 = 0.01.","To this end, we will show, what effect both rather global and rather local illumination changes have on the BTFs.","6.2.2), we now apply complementary instead of homogeneous regularization to be more consistent with our method BTFIllum (see Chapter 5, Sect.","Considering the estimation\n5.4 • Contributions 109\nof BTFs or camera response functions, there are some methods that address these issues, mainly in the context of HDR imaging.","For the major benchmarks, we iterated through different choices of the number of candidates Ncand and for each choice, we optimized the parameters γ and α1 providing the following outcome:\nA.7 • BTFIllum 223\nSetting Optimization Ncand δ γ α1 ǫS1 ǫS2\nMiddlebury DS 2 1 67.1 166 0.02 0.03 Sintel DS 3 1 7.72 24 0.02 0.03 KITTI ’12 DS 5 1 31.54 79.","Overall, the image sequence becomes darker, which can be seen both from the overall negative BTFs of the highlighted locations as well as from the strongly negative values of the first coefficient field b1 (which are multiplied with a positive basis function φ1).","Hence, local illumination phenomena lead to separate BTFs for the PCA, such that the resulting basis functions can better describe the types of the apparent illumination changes.","In order to have a flexible and at the same time tractable way to estimate the illumination changes in terms of coefficients, we take inspiration from the work of Grossberg and Nayar [57] who proposed the use of parametrized brightness transfer functions (BTFs) in the context of photometric calibration for HDR imaging.","Overall, the joint basis leads to the worst results in most cases, since it covers a basis that is a compromise of representing the different BTFs of the different image channels.","1: initialization:\n2: setOfBTFs ← {}; 3: for all image pairs do 4: h1, h2 ← compute histograms; 5: BTF ← histogram specification on h1, h2; //global BTF 6: add BTF to setOfBTFs; 7: end for 8: φ̄, φ, ξ ← perform PCA on setOfBTFs 9:\n10: iteration: 11: setOfBTFs ← {}; 12: for all image pairs do 13: b ← computeCoefficients(wgt, φ̄, φ, ξ); 14: segments ← KMeans(b); 15: for all segments do 16: h1, h2 ← compute histograms on current segment; 17: BTF ← histogram specification on h1, h2; //local BTF 18: if not isDegenerated(currentSegment) then 19: add BTF to setOfBTFs; 20: end if\n21: end for\n22: end for 23: φ̄, φ, ξ ← perform PCA on setOfBTFs 24: goto iteration; 25:\nthe iteration phase, where we can use more local BTFs that describe local phenomena (like e.g. drop shadows).","We know that all pixels that are part of the same cluster of coefficients do not have substantially different BTFs and thus are assumed to share\n120 Chapter 5 • Optical Flow and Illumination Compensation\nsimilar lighting conditions.","Given a set of m segments from the set of image pairs (which in the initialization phase corresponds to one segment per image pair), we now need to estimate m different BTFs g : R→R (one for each segment).","This is possible in a joint estimation of the illumination changes together with the optical flow, i.e. together with the latter we estimate the so-called brightness transfer function (BTF) between both frames – which is known as relative intensity transfer function in [38].","After this initialization phase, we have a first initial set of basis functions based on global BTFs.","Then we estimate a local BTF for each segment (again using histogram specification) and apply a PCA on the new set of BTFs over all segments in all image pairs in order to get an improved set of basis functions.","We go on further by demonstrating how the basis functions for the parametrization of BTFs can be learned from training data.","To this end, we compared the baseline results (both for grey value as well as for color images) to results from BTFIllum using the normalized affine basis, the basis learned for KITTI 2012 – as a representative of a basis learned from grey value data – and different variants of bases learned from the KITTI 2015 color images.","These include the computation of the BTF using histogram specification as proposed by Grossberg and Nayar [56] as well as the estimation of the camera response function as proposed by Debevec and Malik [37] and Grossberg and Nayar [57].","In this learning step, we do, moreover, not only estimate one global BTF per image pair but several local ones by clustering different regions of similar illumination changes.","A combination of local and global ideas has also been proposed in [60]: First, a local affine model is used to estimate the correspondences in a PatchMatch-like approach [10] and, second, a single global BTF is estimated from these correspondences.","221 A.6 ContFusion-Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 A.7 BTFIllum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 A.8 ICALD-Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":3803835995,"citingcorpusid":249960104,"citedcorpusid":238218457,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…than in studies with up to 12\nonths follow-up, where they report persistent symptoms in 40 77% of patients ( Bellan et al., 2021 ; Boscolo-Rizzo et al., 2021 ; umagalli et al., 2022 ; Kim et al., 2022 ; Pérez-González et al., 2022 ; eeßle et al., 2022 ; Wynberg et al., 2021 ; Zhang et al., 2021 ).","Studies on long COVID hat were based on hospitalized patients in general reported higher roportions of individuals with long COVID ( Bellan et al., 2021 ; umagalli et al., 2022 ; Zhang et al., 2021 )."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1232555096,"citingcorpusid":85796047,"citedcorpusid":126624276,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Merrill , E.D. (1935) A Commentary on Loureiro’s “Flora Cochinchinensis” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, held at"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":578153055,"citingcorpusid":54720182,"citedcorpusid":96387683,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These methods like ion-beam assisted deposition [2], RF sputtering [3] and ion-assisted CVD [4] have been succeeded in depositing nano-cBN films.","Various techniques were used to deposit cBN films, such as physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods.","As there was no energetic ion/plasma bombardment during the deposition process, the internal stress in the films was much lower than the films deposited by PVD or PECVD process.","In this work, BN films were deposited by hot filament assisted CVD method, and the TDMAB gas was used as the single source precursor which was decomposed and activated by the hot filament.","However, some difficulties appear in the deposition of cBN film by CVD without energetic plasma bombardment, and there has no available thermodynamic data as well as the exact transition temperature between hBN and cBN.","BN films were deposited on h1 0 0i-oriented silicon substrate by hot filament assisted CVD. Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the experimental set up which was designed by Japan Advanced Chemicals Ltd.","Weissenbacher and Haubner [5] used hot filament CVD to decompose the Triethylborazine (C6H18B3N3) source on various substrates, and obtained the B, C and N containing layers under different deposition conditions.","The BN film was deposited by hot filament CVD.","Comparing with the PVD methods or plasma assisted CVD methods with high stress in the films, a simple chemical way for deposition of thick cBN films would be of high interest for industrial applications because of reducing the stress in the film.","The energy for cBN nucleation is higher than the energy for hBN film formation, if the electron energy from filament can be higher enough for cBN nucleation, it was possible to deposit the thick cBN film with lower internal stress by the filament assisted CVD process."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1173090513,"citingcorpusid":169365026,"citedcorpusid":121225607,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Elle a été développée à la fin des années 1990 par Moës et Belystschko (voir [79]) et est basée sur la méthode de partition de l’unité de Babuska (voir [17])."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1832665416,"citingcorpusid":55042196,"citedcorpusid":121225607,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["After Melenk and Babuška’s work [3] on Helmholtz and elasticity problems, the PUM has further been extended both for FE and boundary element (BE) techniques by Bettess and his co-workers for solving wave problems [4–6] and by Ortiz and Sanchez for diffraction problems [7].","The fundamental work on the Partition of Unity Method (PUM) was carried out by Melenk and Babuška [1] as a generalised finite element (FE) technique [2]."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1839675775,"citingcorpusid":119373903,"citedcorpusid":121225607,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The fundamental di ff erence of our approach from the PUFEM of [2, 5, 10] is that we employ a flat-top PU [17, 27, 34] to overcome the two major challenges encountered in the PUFEM: ill-conditioning of the overlap matrix and the need for the solution of a generalized eigenproblem.","The second drawback of the PUFEM identified in [5] is related to the fact that the Galerkin discretization of (4) yields a Hermitian generalized eigenproblem (9) where H and S are in general sparse but not diagonal matrices, which renders the solution of (9) more challenging since the computation of S − 1 is implicitly required, i.e., one e ff ectively needs to solve the standard eigen-problem S − 1 H ˜ u = ε ˜ u .","The same observation was made in [5] for the PUFEM.","Therefore, an approximate solution of (9) can be obtained very e ffi ciently via In fact, choosing the local weighted L 2 ( ω i , C ; ϕ i ) inner products also in the stability transformation (17) yields ¯ S = I , so that (20) becomes H ˜ u = ε ˜ u and the expensive solution of the generalized eigenproblem encountered in the PUFEM can be completely circumvented in our flat-top PUM.","Note that for α = 1 our PUM degenerates to a discontinuous Galerkin approach whereas with the choice of α = 2 and linear B-spline weights in (15) our PUM yields the PUFEM.","Our general flat-top PUM allows for the use of arbitrary problem-dependent enrichment functions and thus we anticipate that our PUM has essentially the same convergence properties as for example the PUFEM of [2, 5, 10] when we employ the same enrichment functions.","The approximation quality of our flat-top PUM is comparable to that reported in [2], but it overcomes the two main short-comings of the PUFEM that arise in the solution of the Schr¨odinger eigenproblem.","In [5] it was shown that an enriched partition of unity finite element method (PUFEM) [14, 15] requires an order of magnitude fewer basis functions than current state-of-the-art PW based methods to attain the desired 1 mHa / atom accuracy in total energy calculations.","For example, the PUFEM employed in [2] yields an accuracy of 10 − 3 Ha for this example with 948 DOFs using enriched cubic FE where the condition number of the overlap matrix is of the we solve (4) subject to Bloch-periodic boundary conditions and choose k = (0 .","Furthermore, we can overcome the problem of large condition numbers that arises in the PUFEM [5] using the stable transformation introduced in Section 3.2.","And so the problem of ill-conditioning which is encountered in PUFEM can be resolved in a flat-top PUM while fully maintaining the improved approximation quality due to enrichment.","Compared to PUFEM approaches used previously, the present method yields well-(or even optimally-) conditioned system matrices and a standard eigenvalue problem rather than a generalized one, while maintaining accuracy and systematic convergence to benchmark results.","In [5] it was shown that an enriched partition of unity finite element method (PUFEM) [14, 15] requires an order of magnitude fewer basis functions than current state-of-the-art PW based methods to attain the desired 1 mHa/atom accuracy in total energy calculations.","Thus, our flat-top PUM overcomes the two main drawbacks of the PUFEM and enables the stable use of enrichment functions on every patch and arbitrary potentials so that high-fidelity approximations can be attained with extremely small numbers of DOFs in a robust fashion.","The notion of a PUM was coined in [14, 15] and is based on the special FEM developed in [26]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["methodology"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":391073086,"citingcorpusid":631171,"citedcorpusid":121225607,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Based on a local partition of unity (see Babuška and Melenk [1]), it consists in a finite element method where enrichment functions are added to the standard approximation.","Based on the Partition of Unity of Babuška and Melenk [1], the eXtended Finite Element Method was introduced by Belytschko and Black [4] and Moës et al. [26].","Based on the Partition of Unity of Babuška and Melenk [1], the eXtended Finite Element Method was introduced by Belytschko and Black [4] and Moës et al.","Based on a local partition of unity (see Babuška and Melenk [1]), it consists in a finite element method where enrichment functions are added to the standard approximation."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1059345762,"citingcorpusid":115715139,"citedcorpusid":17421716,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There were four studies which used no additional contact (Bricker et al., 2013; Chase et al., 2013; Jones et al., 2015; Ly et al., 2012; Newton., 2013).",", 2012), and the other used smartphone app with web-based psychoeducation (Ly et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":981186845,"citingcorpusid":62829212,"citedcorpusid":121225607,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The spatial discretisation of the system of equations relies on the partition of unity property of finite element shape functions as described by Babuška and Melenk (1997).","The spatial discretisation of the system of equations relies on the partition of unity property of finite element shape functions as described by Babuška and Melenk (1997). The displacement field in Eq."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2819036883,"citingcorpusid":122223880,"citedcorpusid":121225607,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The commonly used approximation methods in meshfree formulation are the moving least-squares approximation (Lancaster et al. 1980; Belytschko et al. 1994), partition of unity ( Babuska and Melenk 1997 ), and the reproducing kernel approximation (Liu et al. 1995)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1539328866,"citingcorpusid":199601185,"citedcorpusid":121225607,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", [1–5]), but also because a number of techniques, such as multipole (far-field) expansions [2, 6], multilevel methods of compactly supported kernels [2, 7–9] and partition of unity methods [2, 10, 11], have been proposed to reduce both the condition number of the resulting interpolation matrix and the complexity of calculating the interpolant."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1581819884,"citingcorpusid":201265639,"citedcorpusid":121225607,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Over the past two decades, enriched approximations based on the partition-of-unity framework proposed by Melenk and Babuška [1, 2] have been adopted to model physical phenomena that admit discontinuities and singularities within the problem domain.","Introduction Over the past two decades, enriched approximations based on the partition-of-unity framework proposed by Melenk and Babuška [1, 2] have been adopted to model physical phenomena that admit discontinuities and singularities within the problem domain."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":925023163,"citingcorpusid":59936797,"citedcorpusid":154806390,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[" Malhotra (2000, p. 659)  likens their role to a “global soup kitchen,” designed to keep “the lid on simmering public discontent and social explosion” that would follow from the delegitimization of the state if no one was there to fulfill some of its roles.","NGOs have become massively involved in “surrogate service provision” for the State ( Malhotra, 2000, p. 658 ).","For example, while often the relationship between INGOs, NNGOs, and LNGOS is best characterized as contractual relations, sometimes “the power relationship has been more equal” and there is a true partnership ( Malhotra, 2000, p. 658 )."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1185787604,"citingcorpusid":126404323,"citedcorpusid":121225607,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["” A series of meshfree methods have emerged based on the partition of unity (PU) framework by Melenk and Babuška (Babuška and Melenk 1997; Melenk and Babuška 1996).","2001) were developed based on the general framework of the partition of unity (Babuška and Melenk 1997; Melenk and Babuška 1996).","A series of meshfree methods have emerged based on the partition of unity (PU) framework by Melenk and Babuška [31,32].","An example of PU is the following approximation (Babuška and Melenk 1997):","The partition of unity property is essential for convergence in Galerkin approximation of PDEs (Babuška and Melenk 1997).","2012, 2014); • PPU: particle partition of unity method (Griebel and Schweitzer 2000); • PU: partition of unity; • PUM: partition of unity method (Babuška and Melenk 1997; Melenk and Babuška 1996); • RBCM: radial basis collocation method (Hu et al."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],null,null,["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2757159078,"citingcorpusid":60682608,"citedcorpusid":121225607,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A large variety of meshless methods have been developed so far which include: smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) [1], diffuse element method (DEM) [2], element free Galerkin (EFG) method [3], reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) [4], partition of unity method (PUM) [ 5 ], H-p cloud method [6], free mesh method (FMM) [7], natural element method (NEM) [8], local boundary integral equation (LBIE) method [9], meshless local Petrov-Galerkin ..."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2436357654,"citingcorpusid":121546585,"citedcorpusid":121225607,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Having preserved the advantages of finite element method, such as symmetry, sparsity of the stiffness matrix and essential degrees of consistency of the approximat ion to solve certain differential equations, the enriched formulation has now the ability to represent a singular field of arbitrary order at any location within an element due to the partition of unity property [46].","(22) is the extrinsic enrichment part of PUFEM which allows for implementation of higher order asymptotic functions locally in the vicinity of the sharp contact corner [37,45,46]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":520597536,"citingcorpusid":48428812,"citedcorpusid":121225607,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This method is based on a mesh partition [11]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3272444895,"citingcorpusid":8460191,"citedcorpusid":121225607,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["NUMERICAL SCHEME: AN ENRICHED STABILIZED FINITE ELEMENT METHOD In this section, we describe the general framework of a robust enriched scheme using stabilized FEM, inspired by the concepts of the XFEM scheme, which takes its roots in the partition of unity method [7, 8]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":532790898,"citingcorpusid":11469972,"citedcorpusid":121225607,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The advent of Partition of Unity methods [1,2], like the hp-cloud method [3,2,4], the Generalized or Extended Finite Element Method (GFEM/XFEM) [5,6,1,7–9], and the Particle Partition of Unity Method [10,11], has greatly facilitated the computation of accurate and efficient numerical solutions for problems with singularities.","The convergence of the h-version of the generalized finite element method is also governed by (9) if topological enrichment is adopted or if only polynomial functions are used for the basis of the local spaces χα , α ∈ Ie h [1,32].","The reader is referred to [5,6,1,7] for further details and properties of the GFEM."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1100038965,"citingcorpusid":2277889,"citedcorpusid":121225607,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To this scope, the PU method, first introduced in [3, 26], is a well-suited numerical tool.","The idea behind the PU method is to start with a partition of the open and bounded domain Ω into d subdomains Ωj , such that Ω ⊆ ∪j=1Ωj , with some mild overlap among them [3, 17, 24, 26, 35].","To this aim, the PU method performed with local RBF interpolants turns out to be really meaningful [3, 17]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":428234670,"citingcorpusid":7796153,"citedcorpusid":754232,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For the case of linear block codes, the factor graph becomes a Tanner graph [19].","In the first case, the states and can be represented as so-called checks and variable nodes[19] of the factor graph derived from matrix .","LDPC and LDGM linear block codes have a very simple graphical representation called Tanner graph [19]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1637889279,"citingcorpusid":4788638,"citedcorpusid":6170691,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similar approaches have proved useful at tracking spread and evolution of seasonal influenza virus or Ebola virus during the recent outbreak in West Africa (31,59)."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":363481168,"citingcorpusid":27150024,"citedcorpusid":6170691,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(2015)(28) Today, as the cost and time required to sequence genomes has plummeted, more hospitals and health-care agencies are turning to WGS to study disease outbreaks, and the method promises to revolutionize standard methods of infection control and contact tracing during outbreaks.(3) Eventually, experts say, WGS likely will be used not only to track outbreaks of pathogens but also to catalog the microbes present in a given environment and the ways in which patients and staff move these microbes from place to place, ward to ward, and person to person."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":228361916,"citingcorpusid":25289340,"citedcorpusid":4258530,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["0, right SPL), respectively [see also Driver et al., 2010; Gobel et al., 2006; Morris et al., 2007; Ruff et al., 2008; Schenkluhn et al., 2008]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3634800615,"citingcorpusid":245427170,"citedcorpusid":46972858,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Introduction of Cry2A in sugarcane obviously increased stem borer resistance and comparable sugar yield (Gao et al., 2018)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3806782813,"citingcorpusid":250021113,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["in improvement programs, by not exceeding the permissible limits of AF in grain [8,24].","There are some other research reports in which they worked with materials considered AF resistant and with the inoculation of the same strain from UNIGRAS, under greenhouse conditions [24], in which they found values of 0.","5ppb in H-443A genotype reported as resistant to this toxin [22,24] and values of 349 and 510ppb in landrace maize accessions ZMT1 and ZMT2, considered tolerant to storage fungus development and physiological deterioration."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3806782820,"citingcorpusid":250021113,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Specifically, Aspergillus flavus besides the presence of rotten ears, this fungus releases a highly carcinogenic compounds, named Aflatoxins (AF) which constitutes a serious human health and husbandry problems, and also causes important harvest loses, because contaminated grain has to be destroyed [2,3].","Aspergillus flavus is an opportunist fungus with the particularity to produce AF [3,6], which are formed as a final product of a fungus secondary metabolism, and also AF is a defense mechanism from another microorganism [7]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":964710774,"citingcorpusid":67814935,"citedcorpusid":162594281,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although no pollinating birds are thought to have become extinct (Atkinson & Millener 1991), all extant pollinating bird species, with the exception of silvereyes, have restricted distributions and/or densities compared with in prehuman times (Higgins et al. 2001; Kelly et al. 2006, 2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2120008788,"citingcorpusid":191406206,"citedcorpusid":163912757,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["14An example of violence without any signs of ritual can be found in Ayios Stephanos Grave 23, where the person appears to have been bound (Taylour 1972: 226).\ninterrupted by the earthquake."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":55094560,"citingcorpusid":19487012,"citedcorpusid":64190192,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For the co-channel interference between macro cell and small cells, for example, eICIC (enhanced Inter-cell Interference Coordination) standardized by 3GPP (3 Generation Partnership Project) is effective for suppressing their mutual interference [4-6]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1915876105,"citingcorpusid":74436366,"citedcorpusid":27912740,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Clinicamente pode se apresentar asintomático, sendo menos freqüente a presença de sintomas como zumbido pulsátil, hipoacusia condutiva ou neurossensorial (7).","Possui incidência variável de 6 a 25% de acordo com a localização (7, 8), sendo mais comum do lado direito (11).","É uma variação anatômica que apresenta incidência variável de acordo com a localização: 6% quando situado acima do limite inferior do ânulo timpânico (7) a 25% quando acima do plano inferior da janela redonda (8)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1672331357,"citingcorpusid":5888952,"citedcorpusid":109880091,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["DOI 10.1109/EuroSP.2017.14 174 W.2017.68\n2017 IEEE European Symposiu n Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW)\nHeinrich’s model inspired many refinements and evolutions of his original contribution - Bird and Loftus [8], as well as Adams [9] both presented modernisations of the Domino Model in order to maintain its relevance during the latter half of the 20th century through attempting to rebalance the contribution of organisational and regulatory failings to the linear chain.","Traditional models for understanding the origin of accidents within systems originate with Heinrich and his Domino Model [7].","Safety is therefore a result of emergent behaviour and accidents often are a result of more than a single action or failure but instead require multiple failings across a series of control loops at a variety of levels - this is the fundamental difference between a systems-theory-based approach as compared to the existing linear/causal chainof-events models embodied by the Domino Model and its derivatives [11], [13].","Criticisms have been levelled at these accident models for simplifying the nature of accidents too much and failing to take into account the sheer number of contributing factors in most accidents [7], [11]."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2886679044,"citingcorpusid":11346630,"citedcorpusid":11601216,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Tasaki (1995) found that the ground state of the quarter-filled system is a fully saturated ferromagnet if the parameters of the Hamiltonian (5) satisfy a certain relationship.","…model (Strack and Vollhardt 1995, Kollar, Strack and Vollhardt 1996), carefully constructed\nsingle-orbital models on tightly packed (usually non-Bravais) lattices (Müller– Hartmann 1995, Tasaki 1995, Penc, Shiba, Mila and Tsukagoshi 1996), Anderson and Kondo lattices, and double exchange models."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2487688504,"citingcorpusid":32660276,"citedcorpusid":29258688,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, within enzyme families, specificity determinants often lie in flexible loops surrounding a conserved catalytic core (Gerlt et al., 2001) and loop closure is often a fast step preceding catalysis (Johnson, 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":294638614,"citingcorpusid":17407637,"citedcorpusid":36725604,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several lines of evidence suggest that it plays a role in the oxidative stress response [26, 27]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1917510018,"citingcorpusid":21546030,"citedcorpusid":21181521,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Potential overlap between the two disorders is highlighted by a case reported as enterocolic lymphocytic phlebitis, or mesenteric inflammatory veno-occlusive disorder.(6) This patient was female, 54 years old, had rectosigmoid colon involvement, had symptoms for ."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":925227137,"citingcorpusid":15095552,"citedcorpusid":86710264,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV, Foveavirus), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV, Capillovirus), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV, Ilarvirus) and Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) are economically important and common pathogens of commercial apple cultivars (Desvignes 1999; Menzel et al. 2002; Walia et al. 2014).","Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV, Trichovirus), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV, Foveavirus), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV, Capillovirus), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV, Ilarvirus) and Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) are economically important and common pathogens of commercial apple cultivars (Desvignes 1999; Menzel et al. 2002; Walia et al. 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3223177672,"citingcorpusid":230770019,"citedcorpusid":44123168,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…= ∫ Ω m(x) q(t,x) dx. (4)\nThese models allowed a broad range of results in various biological contexts: concentration around specific traits (Diekmann et al., 2005; Lorz et al., 2011; Martin and Roques, 2016); explicit solutions (Alfaro and Carles, 2014; Biktashev, 2014; Alfaro and Carles, 2017);…","For instance Lorz et al. (2011) considered non-homogeneous operators of the form B(q)(t,x) = div(b(x)∇q(t,x)) within the framework of constrained Hamilton-Jacobi equations.","These models allowed a broad range of results in various biological contexts: concentration around specific traits (Diekmann et al., 2005; Lorz et al., 2011; Martin and Roques, 2016); explicit solutions (Alfaro and Carles, 2014; Biktashev, 2014; Alfaro and Carles, 2017); moving and/or fluctuating optimum (Figueroa Iglesias and Mirrahimi, 2019; Roques et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3223177210,"citingcorpusid":230770019,"citedcorpusid":90484555,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…that describe the dynamics of adaptation of asexual phenotypically structured populations assume a constant mutation rate across phenotypes (e.g., Gerrish et al., 2007; Sniegowski and Gerrish, 2010; Desai and Fisher, 2011; Alfaro and Carles, 2014; Gandon and Mirrahimi, 2017; Gil et al., 2019).","On the other hand, most models that describe the dynamics of adaptation of asexual phenotypically structured populations assume a constant mutation rate across phenotypes (e.g., Gerrish et al., 2007; Sniegowski and Gerrish, 2010; Desai and Fisher, 2011; Alfaro and Carles, 2014; Gandon and Mirrahimi, 2017; Gil et al., 2019)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1455748987,"citingcorpusid":197579446,"citedcorpusid":129168950,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Early models concerning the morphologies of these systems described submarine fans as cone-like depositional areas across unconfined basin floors of low relief and with a gentle slope gradient (Shepard and Emery, 1941; Shepard, 1951; Dill et al., 1954; Menard, 1955; Heezen et al., 1959)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2162055142,"citingcorpusid":8743162,"citedcorpusid":2547,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["sus (Day and Golding, 1974) and myasthenia gravis (Bucknall et al., 1975).","Less common side effects are drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus (Day and Golding, 1974) and myasthenia gravis (Bucknall et al., 1975)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1686404911,"citingcorpusid":119300486,"citedcorpusid":122829546,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["iho’s log-convergent cohomology of Y whenever Y is a semistable variety whose irreducible components are proper. In particular, by the comparison between log-convergent and log-crystalline cohomology [Shi02], there is an isomorphism H∗ log-rig(Y/S0) ∼=H∗(Y,Wω• Y/k) ⊗Q ∗The first named author is supported by the ERC Consolidator Grant 681838 K3CRYSTAL. 1 for proper semistable varieties Y over k, where Wω• ","l schemes and rigid spaces instead of weak formal schemes and dagger spaces, to Shiho’s analytic cohomology which is isomorphic to log-convergent cohomology by Shiho’s Log Convergent Poincar´e Lemma ([Shi02], Corollary 2.3.9). Using the isomorphism between log-convergent and log-crystalline cohomology ([Shi02], Theorem 3.1.1) one obtains the lower horizontal arrow for any semistable Y , not necessarily p"],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2120632588,"citingcorpusid":191406206,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The former was interpreted as a sleeping person surprised by an earthquake that destroyed the house (Monaco 1941: 82–83)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3997123751,"citingcorpusid":254295719,"citedcorpusid":28483030,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Several investigations of T1D indicate that children and adolescents with T1D had higher HbA1c levels (14) or lower selfmonitoring blood glucose (SMBG) (15) during holidays than during school semesters, possibly because children with T1D had reduced treatment compliance (16) and a change in lifestyle.","Our results echo previous research on SMBGs (15) and show better glycemic control during holidays.","While SMBG can make up for some HbA1c limitations, such as short-term glycemic variability, it cannot fully capture actual glycemic fluctuation (18).","Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) overcomes the problems associated with HbA1c and SMBG and offers opportunities to better reflect short-term glycemic changes and other details of glycemic variations, which assists to achieve better glycemic control."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],null,null]}
{"citationid":3187404605,"citingcorpusid":146499259,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…can be found in Costa (1943), Cunha (1960, 1969), Cunha (1987, 1992), Ribeiro (‘Notas Crı́ticas’, 1952, 1970, 1995, 1997), Oliveira Filho (1987), Maybury-Lewis (1991), Lima (1991, 1995), Ramos (1998), Pires Menezes (1999), Rocha Freire (1990), Garfield (1997, 2001) and Devine Guzmán (2002, 2003).","University of Miami\nFrom the SelectedWorks of Tracy Devine Guzmán\n2005\n“Diacuí killed Iracema: Indigenism, Nationalism and the Struggle for Brazilianness” Tracy Devine Guzmán, University of Miami\nAvailable at: https://works.bepress.com/tracydevineguzman/4/\n‘Diacuı́ Killed Iracema’: Indigenism,","And yet, even at the apogee of its tolerance for racial, ethnic and cultural difference, twentieth-century indigenist\n4 Pertinent discussions of State-backed indigenism in Brazil during this period can be found in Costa (1943), Cunha (1960, 1969), Cunha (1987, 1992), Ribeiro (‘Notas Crı́ticas’, 1952, 1970, 1995, 1997), Oliveira Filho (1987), Maybury-Lewis (1991), Lima (1991, 1995), Ramos (1998), Pires Menezes (1999), Rocha Freire (1990), Garfield (1997, 2001) and Devine Guzmán (2002, 2003).","23 Changes in SPI goals and policies in this regard are discussed in Ribeiro (1970, 1997), Lima (1995) and Devine Guzmán (2002, 2003).","Recent studies include Vargas Llosa (1996), De la Cadena (1998, 2000), Degregori (1998) and Devine Guzmán (1999, 2002).","13 See Ribeiro (1970, 1997), Garfield (1997, 2001), Ramos (1998), Williams (2001) and Devine Guzmán (2002, 2003)."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2336009081,"citingcorpusid":15666253,"citedcorpusid":8395340,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1868275861,"citingcorpusid":214788976,"citedcorpusid":10771807,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[6,10] This oral gel has previously been described as effective in reducing pain during chemotherapy, and in a few radiotherapy studies.[11-13] In this study, our goal is to maintain nutritional status and quality of life by maintaining the mucosal barrier function and reducing oral pain."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2667380623,"citingcorpusid":221138698,"citedcorpusid":96397731,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[1] WILLIAMSON W B, PERRY J, GANDHI H S, et al.","Automotive exhaust gases comprising of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and unburned hydrocarbons (HCs) contribute to global warming, ozone layer depletion, acid rain and environmental toxicity [1-2] ."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2381951147,"citingcorpusid":145170396,"citedcorpusid":143999215,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Sisson (90) studied the efficiency of the forced choice rating used by the United States Army."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2715755632,"citingcorpusid":9274659,"citedcorpusid":26943376,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Restoration of blood flow through the coronary arteries is imperative but this can increase the generation of free radicals (4,5) and cause further ion disequilibrium (6,7), which may result in injury and increase the generation of arrhythmias."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2048395428,"citingcorpusid":107988280,"citedcorpusid":84150979,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3362339146,"citingcorpusid":229274298,"citedcorpusid":56596713,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["3, the electric field is not evenly distributed along the periphery, and high electric field only appears in the region between the two wires within a small range of θ [27].","The capacitance in the insulation layer is usually modeled with the elementary unit method [23], [27].","In [23], [25]–[27], the capacitance in the air region between wires is calculated applying the same angular elementary method presented in the previous section (Section II-C).","Among these works [23]–[27], Grandi et al.","The other methods [23], [25]–[27] mainly differ in the way how they define the electric field lines between the two conductors.","This approach attributes the self-capacitance of solenoid coils to the turn-to-turn capacitance, which functions well for solenoid inductors and transformers, and this interturn approach has been widely adopted in capacitance modeling of conventional solenoids [24]–[27]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1141958680,"citingcorpusid":154620740,"citedcorpusid":12191336,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and teen pregnancy is graded: the higher the number of negative experiences, the higher the likelihood of teen pregnancy (or paternity in a teen pregnancy) (Anda et al. 2002; Hillis et al. 2004)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":791993106,"citingcorpusid":24909467,"citedcorpusid":12191336,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Family dysfunction and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) such as early abuse were found in the extant research to affect various forms of maladjusted behaviors, including sexual behaviors in adolescence (see Hillis et al., 2004).","Consistent with the ACE (adverse childhood experiences; Hillis et al., 2004) research, the current data show that on all measures, children with SIB seemed to suffer from lower family resources, that is, low SES and single-parent families as well as lower stability in terms the family going through immigration and the child being removed from home to another residence.","Consistent with the ACE (adverse childhood experiences; Hillis et al., 2004) research, the current data show that on all measures, children with SIB seemed to suffer from lower family resources, that is, low SES and single-parent families as well as lower stability in terms the family going through…"],"intents":[null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3777887868,"citingcorpusid":59306213,"citedcorpusid":12191336,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…experience family and life stressors that can make school attendance and participation difficult, including early childbirth or fathering a child (Hillis et al., 2004), periods of homelessness and running away from home to a youth shelter (Farber et al., 1984), and juvenile justice involvement…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":111257359,"citingcorpusid":8068312,"citedcorpusid":124954752,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[19], the following sections will focus on the two issues above.","According to the Parsheh’s experiment [19], 2-D axis-symmetric contraction flow is shown as fig.","Development of a1111 along the contraction (experiment data [19] and results from the fitted constant Dp [21]) ε0 [m (2)s] k0 [m (2)s] Ux0 [ms ] urms0 [ms ] Λ0 [mm] η0 [mm] Reλ Re a b"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3769531776,"citingcorpusid":243351684,"citedcorpusid":135613415,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Состав и содержание микроэлементов в водорослях заметно зависит от вида водорослей, места их произрастания и времени сбора [1, 2]."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":188640321,"citingcorpusid":2858484,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Warning signs Dillon (1993) stated that, in Ontario, Canada, deer- and moose-crossing warning signs are usually installed at locations known for heavy deer and moose crossing of highways, thus presenting a threat to passing-by vehicular traffic. The criteria used is to place a deer warning sign at locations experiencing at least one deer–moose accident per 8 km of roadway length annually, or at locations less than 1.5 km of length that have at least four deer–moose accidents per year. The Ontario Ministry of Transportation erected animal warning signs of double the standard size (i.e. 1.2 m ×1.2 m), but it was not known if increasing the sign size reduced the number of animal collisions ( Dillon, 1993). Another type of moose warning signs was tested in Canada. Unlike the traditional sign, the new sign had a moose silhouette in white, while its eyes are in shining yellow. It was believed that the moose would look to drivers like a real animal and alert the driver to be more cautious. As a result, it is reported that the number of moose–vehicle collisions was reduced by 50% (Mclain, 1990). Another “advanced” type of warning signs was tested. It consisted of the standard shape of the warning sign (diamond shape), but the deer silhouette was replaced by four arched deer silhouettes representing a deer in four movement stages, where each one is lighted sequentially by neon lighting. When tested, it was found that driver speeds were initially slightly reduced, but after the drivers got used to it, it lost its effect in reducing their speeds ( Pojar et al., 1975 ). Mansfield and Miller (1975) concluded that standard size (75 cm× 75 cm) diamond shape warning signs with deer silhouette reduced the number of animal collisions in 11 of the 19 study areas included in their study in California.","The Ontario Ministry of Transportation erected animal warning signs of double the standard size (i.e. 1.2 m×1.2 m), but it was not known if increasing the sign size reduced the number of animal collisions (Dillon, 1993).","2 m), but it was not known if increasing the sign size reduced the number of animal collisions ( Dillon, 1993).","Dillon (1993) stated that, in Ontario, Canada, deer- and moose-crossing warning signs are usually installed at locations known for heavy deer and moose crossing of highways, thus presenting a threat to passing-by vehicular traffic.","Warning signs Dillon (1993) stated that, in Ontario, Canada, deer- and moose-crossing warning signs are usually installed at locations known for heavy deer and moose crossing of highways, thus presenting a threat to passing-by vehicular traffic."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2593197911,"citingcorpusid":84694464,"citedcorpusid":31287580,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thus, the jackknife test has been increasingly used by investigators to examine the accuracy of various predictors [74-84]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":55540673,"citingcorpusid":1005028,"citedcorpusid":22803517,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Translocation of cytochrome c occurs in several experimental models of acute neurological disorders, such as strokes and encephalitis (Gillardon et al., 1997; Yakovlev et al., 1997; Krajewski et al., 1999; Guégan and Sola, 2000; Vereker et al., 2000).","Translocation of cytochrome c occurs in several experimental models of acute neurological disorders, such as strokes and encephalitis (Gillardon et al., 1997; Yakovlev et al., 1997; Krajewski et al., 1999; Guégan and Sola, 2000; Vereker et al., 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":479650802,"citingcorpusid":53390771,"citedcorpusid":22803517,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["An infracted core is produced in the frontal and parietal cortices, while reperfusion via local collaterals from the anterior cerebral artery provides reflow (Lin et al., 2002;Guegan & Sola, 2000)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3046068675,"citingcorpusid":146269706,"citedcorpusid":30977903,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":864859094,"citingcorpusid":53134822,"citedcorpusid":129261299,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[44] Evidence of stability fluctuations caused by tides has been found in many estuaries and regions with freshwater influence around the world, e.g., the Hudson River estuary [Nepf and Geyer, 1996; Geyer et al., 2000], the Tamar Estuary [Uncles, 2002], the York River estuary [Sharples et al., 1994], San Francisco Bay [Stacey et al., 1999], Liverpool Bay [Sharples and Simpson, 1995; Rippeth et al., 2001] and Rhine region [Simpson et al., 1993; Simpson and Souza, 1995; Fisher et al., 2002].","…Geyer et al., 2000], the Tamar Estuary [Uncles, 2002], the York River estuary [Sharples et al., 1994], San Francisco Bay [Stacey et al., 1999], Liverpool Bay [Sharples and Simpson, 1995; Rippeth et al., 2001] and Rhine region [Simpson et al., 1993; Simpson and Souza, 1995; Fisher et al., 2002].",", 1999], Liverpool Bay [Sharples and Simpson, 1995; Rippeth et al., 2001] and Rhine region [Simpson et al."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":45483613,"citingcorpusid":8950423,"citedcorpusid":129742570,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["been applied in studies to estimate recharge rates for the unsaturated zone (soil waters) [1], there are studies applying the 36Cl bomb pulse to groundwater [12].","Our objective in this work is to give a complete overview of the age of groundwater in the Al-Zulfi province, communicating the selective isotopic ratios of 36Cl/Cl, which can be helpful in providing information about the groundwater age and its replenishing rate [1]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3190652583,"citingcorpusid":145085053,"citedcorpusid":221968937,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similarly, his endorsement of ‘mobile subjectivities’ following Ferguson (1993) may create empathy in heterosexual men for different subject positions, but it is not clear how this leads them to distance their connection to heterosexual dominance and patriarchy (see p. 142)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":921764711,"citingcorpusid":54769843,"citedcorpusid":143945881,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition inexperienced users resist as the holistic assessment methods required to fully assess all aspects of students’ learning, often lead to additional work (Hickcox, 2002; Kolb & Kolb, 2008).","Hickcox (2002) reports on the inability of instructors to integrate learning methods into their preferred practices."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2022111071,"citingcorpusid":201205032,"citedcorpusid":89601637,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Diatoms have a relatively high growth rate compared with dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria at low temperatures (Chen and Laws, 2017), and thus the mean surface temperatures in the first two stages, 21–25 C, were well suited for diatom growth O ce an D at a V ie w 26"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1554440752,"citingcorpusid":139782562,"citedcorpusid":14590782,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[10] Krüger M, Funkner S, Bründermann E, et al.","| ) ( ~ | | ) ( ~ | | ) ( ~ | | ~ | ref sam    E E H H   , (17) ) ( ) ( ) ( ~ ~ ref sam        E E H H    。 (18) 这里认为信号的大小和相位是独立的输入参数, 从而传递函数在计算方差的过程中并不存在振幅与相 位的协方差。它们的方差分别为[10] ) ( | ) ( | 1 ) ( 2 | | 2 ref 2 | | sam      E H E "],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2322043478,"citingcorpusid":545177,"citedcorpusid":32434592,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Fatal accident statistics are generally the most accurate of all accident statistics in that they are not reported by the injured person and must be published in official records (Thelin, 2002; Lindroos and Burstrom, 2010).","Temporary work has previously been found to be a risk factor for occupational injury due to the workers’ lack of experience as well as their insufficient knowledge and training (Fabiano et al., 2008; Lindroos and Burstrom, 2010).","The most common external agent of injury was reported to be contact with a falling or moving tree, and the second most common accidental event was listed as fatal and non-fatal forest accidents (Holman et al., 1987; Liss and Sennblad, 1989; Thelin, 2002; Neely and Wilhelmson, 2006; Lindroos and Burstrom, 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2007021504,"citingcorpusid":211232715,"citedcorpusid":4359150,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["From one side, the targetspecific properties of the excitatory synapses that different types of inhibitory neurons receive may explain their distinct engagement during specific phases of network oscillations (Ali and Thomson 1998; Lei and McBain 2002; Losonczy et al. 2002; Pouille and Scanziani 2004; Glickfeld and Scanziani 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":908053203,"citingcorpusid":17457009,"citedcorpusid":4359150,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recurrent inhibitory loops are simple neuronal circuits found in the central nervous system [3].","synaptic properties of individual neurons and some specific local neuronal circuits [1-8].","These parameters are consistent with biological neurons [3]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":99297588,"citingcorpusid":15149697,"citedcorpusid":4359150,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In hippocampus, it has been demonstrated that low-frequency activity induces greater inhibition at the soma and high-frequency activity induces greater inhibition in dendrites (Pouille and Scanziani 2004), and it is likely that this distinction is due to Parv and Som neurons, respectively."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":958314001,"citingcorpusid":3896693,"citedcorpusid":4359150,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This temporal dimension is reflected by the synaptic latency, which influences the relative timing of converging neuronal signals on a millisecond timescale (37), a critical parameter of neuronal coding (39, 40), some forms of long-term plasticity (41), and the synchronization of neuronal networks (Fig.","positive interneurons: A canonical microcircuit for inhibition? J Neurosci 31(37): 13260–13271."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3739174468,"citingcorpusid":248755375,"citedcorpusid":19261282,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Sexual health promotion We emphasize the need for pre-travel sexual health promotion, as sexually-active young travelers may play a vector role in transmitting STBBI in their home country [8, 26, 52, 67].","The disinhibiting effects of excessive alcohol consumption contributes to multiple, casual sex partners [4–6], made more accessible due to dating applications [7], and inconsistent/inexpert use of condoms, which in turn leads to adverse sexual health outcomes, including STBBI [8]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1545333088,"citingcorpusid":166924380,"citedcorpusid":186163820,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The capacity utilisation level can be estimated between 61% and 85% (Kalt 2000, Alewell 2005).","This results in an estimated annual income of 125,000 € to 140,000 € (Kalt 2000, Alewell 2005).","Data on the size of the market for temporary agency work are quite varied (e.g. Alewell 2005; Nienhüser/Matiaske 2003; Segal/Sullivan 1997)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2088246173,"citingcorpusid":188057796,"citedcorpusid":3457817,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["009) [10,263] [9,118] [18,151] [19,967] [22,929]","795) [9,741] [9,118] [18,151] [19,967] [22,929]","006) [14,493] [9,118] [18,151] [19,967] [22,929]","419) [11,460] [9,118] [18,151] [19,967] [22,929]","010) [9,345] [9,118] [18,151] [19,967] [22,929]","695) [10,815] [9,118] [18,151] [19,967] [22,929]"],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":272539844,"citingcorpusid":29979097,"citedcorpusid":14266212,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Current approaches for broadcasting in MANETs can be divided into three categories: Flooding and its variations, including the locationaided schemes [6;7].","In large networks, the flat routing structure produces excessive information flow which can saturate the network [6, 7] ."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3815755234,"citingcorpusid":250188810,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["On the other hand, according to Setiawati et al. (2017), the application of organic, inorganic, and biological fertilizer does not increase the level of N\nelement because the fertilizer dose given may not meet the plant needs for NPK nutrients (Juarsah, 2016).","Similar results were also conveyed by Astari et al. (2016) and Setiawati et al. (2017) that the addition of biological fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and inorganic fertilizers could increase soybean yields.","In edamame soybean plants, the addition of biological fertilizer containing Azotobacter sp., vermicompost, and NPK inorganic fertilizer increased the population of Azotobacter sp. and pod weight (Setiawati et al., 2017)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2897789003,"citingcorpusid":221741101,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The concept of global competitiveness is assessed by looking at how it influences specific economic parameters (Wysokińska, 2003) like trade balances, national economic performance (Taner et al., 2010), and technological readiness (Alfaki & Ahmed, 2013).","Taner, Oncu, and Civi(2010) also checked the performance of GCC nations based on international competitiveness and concludes that the notion of the global competitiveness is multifaceted because of the wide array of indicators and factors that influence it.","national economic performance (Taner et al., 2010), and technological readiness (Alfaki & Ahmed, 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1185538726,"citingcorpusid":55640973,"citedcorpusid":209147150,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It should be considered that ESRD is a clinical con dition with serious impacts on the patients' qualit y of life (QOL), negatively influencing their social, financial and psychological health [8].","128 Patients' health-related QOL in these two treatment s was stated as being comparable and controversial [8-23]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3074199138,"citingcorpusid":126694493,"citedcorpusid":88127545,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3175036242,"citingcorpusid":198845243,"citedcorpusid":36663657,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Since religion is an integral part of the Nigerian society and research have shown that adherents could fight and die for their faith (Raji, 2009; Ekanem and Ekefre, 2013), it is imperative to introduce interfaith education in schools.","The inability to recognize the rights of others is something that is somehow inbuilt within the teachings of some faith traditions, which is transferred to the adherents (Ekanem & Ekefre, 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3787785773,"citingcorpusid":24747726,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In a similar study, defective synthesis of heparan sulfate proteoglycans that leads to reduced Fgf10 signaling could not be rescued by the injection of Fgf10 protein (Norton et al., 2005).","However, virtually all of our knowledge comes from the study of specific cytokines,\nsuch as Egf and Fgf, which bind to defined pentasaccharide structures within the heparan sulfate chains of proteoglycans (Hardingham and Fosang, 1992; Norton et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1161983312,"citingcorpusid":162669711,"citedcorpusid":170335527,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["No cabe duda de que, como mantiene Correa (2008), los cambios a los que nos estamos enfrentando actualmente nos hacen ir en búsqueda de herramientas gerenciales que ayuden a dirigir y liderar los recursos económicos, físicos, emocionales e intelectuales que poseen las organizaciones turísticas, de…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2746286341,"citingcorpusid":10627203,"citedcorpusid":46246352,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of CSAare likely to abuse alcohol as adults; researchers conceptualize alcohol use in this population as a form of coping with the distress generated by the CSA or as an attempt to self-medicate (Briere, 1988;\nIreland & Widom, 1994; Lindberg & Distad, 1985; Moeller, Bachmann, & Moeller, 1993)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":905531441,"citingcorpusid":3771147,"citedcorpusid":20518161,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In vivo infection models incorporating medical conditions such as diabetes (which is associated with a high incidence of chronic ulceration of the lower limb) have modified the paradigms described above by inclusion of differing host characteristics (Falanga, 2005; Baltzis et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2544283838,"citingcorpusid":3022008,"citedcorpusid":26883197,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This greatly reduces the rate of acneiform eruptions, which are seen in up to 83% of patients treated with traditional CO2 lasers (16)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3310372509,"citingcorpusid":233292837,"citedcorpusid":54464352,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["2 months) [59] was underwhelming relative to what has been observed with lenalidomide (29.","The only placebo-controlled randomized Phase III study evaluating single-agent PI therapy was the TOURMALINEMM3 study in which patients were randomized to either ixazomib or placebo [59].","In the TOURMALINE-MM3 study which evaluated ixazomib maintenance, the high-risk subgroup had a trend towards improved PFS, but this did not reach statistical significance [59]."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3916839159,"citingcorpusid":189762096,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[13] S. Venu, G. Lolla, and L. L. Hoberock, (2011).","In this section, we will compare multiple histogram binning methods with Bayesian Blocks, using metrics inspired by the studies conducted by Lolla and Hoberock [13]."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":886136697,"citingcorpusid":17607958,"citedcorpusid":24538663,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["We have previously published evidence of dissociation between PD appearance and striatal dopaminergic homeostasis breakdown (Bezard et al., 2001b,c).","…of striatal DA denervation was assessed by measuring levels of DA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) in both the caudate nucleus and the putamen using high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection as previously described (Bezard et al., 2001c).","Densitometric analysis of autoradiographs (DAT and DAR bindings) was performed using an image analysis system (Image Pro Plus, version 3.0.01; Media Cybernetics, Atlanta, GA) as previously described (Henry et al., 1999; Bezard et al., 2001c).","Sections were incubated for 90 min at 25°C with 100 pM [ 125I]PE2I in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer (in mM: NaH2PO4 10.14, NaCl 137, KCl 2.7, and KH2PO4 1.76) as previously described (Chalon et al., 1999; Bezard et al., 2001a).","The present study was performed in monkeys chronically treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) according to a regimen that produces a progressive Parkinsonian state (Bezard et al., 1997b, 2000, 2001b,c)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1559380330,"citingcorpusid":149215269,"citedcorpusid":146124004,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The nationwide health care for people with ID in Norway was establishment as late as 1952 and housed at the most more than 6500 people at the late 1960’s (Fjermeros, 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1785319548,"citingcorpusid":55808199,"citedcorpusid":67774030,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["What is more, explicit attention-drawing activities have been found to be more successful than mere exposure to positive evidence (Martínez-Flor & Alcón-Soler, 2007, p. 49; Takahashi, 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3621116798,"citingcorpusid":244717034,"citedcorpusid":73466452,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Original Research Paper\nFusarium wilt of muskmelon, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis, has become one of the most critical problems in many parts of the world (Netzer and Weintall 1979; Zink and Gubler 1985; Jacobson and Gordon 1990; Shreuder et al. 2000).","melonis, has become one of the most critical problems in many parts of the world (Netzer and Weintall 1979; Zink and Gubler 1985; Jacobson and Gordon 1990; Shreuder et al. 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1111469354,"citingcorpusid":144303570,"citedcorpusid":103314,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["La importancia de los mercados de suelo urbano y el uso del suelo en la consecuente segregación también se ha convertido recientemente en un tema de investigación empírica en Estados Unidos (Galster & Cutsinger 2007).","Estos promedios proporcionan una idea inicial acerca de qué tan drásticamente difiere la distribución del ingreso en México respecto de Estados Unidos o los países europeos.","No se encuentra disponible un valor promedio de agrupamiento medido con el índice de Moran (I) para las áreas metropolitanas de otro país, aunque el análisis de varias ciudades desarrollado por Martin (1991) sugiere que el agrupamiento por ingreso es ligeramente más alto en Estados Unidos (alrededor de 0,40), y el agrupamiento por\n137 Monkkonen | La segregación residencial en el México urbano... | ©EURE\nraza puede ser mucho más alto (una cifra de 0,80 en la ciudad de Oklahoma).","125\nissn impreso 0250-7161 | issn digital 0717-6236\nRecibido el 11 de noviembre de 2010, aprobado el 20 de julio de 2011 E-mail: paavo@hku.hk\nEste proyecto recibió apoyo del Instituto para México y los Estados Unidos de la Universidad de California (UC MEXUS), el Fulbright-Hays y el Benjamin H. Stevens North American Regional Science Fellowship.","En Estados Unidos, el índice de disimilitud promedio para los hogares de bajos ingresos en cien ciudades fue 0,36, más del doble del de México (Musterd, 2005).","La desigualdad entre la localización de viviendas de bajos ingresos y trabajos en Estados Unidos (Ihlanfeldt & Sjoquist, 1998) se invierte.","Así, en el presente estudio, las AEM para el caso de México se definen mediante la utilización de la definición de AEM de Estados Unidos, es decir, el área urbana comprendida dentro de una zona de desplazamiento entre residencia y trabajo alrededor de un centro urbano de 50.000 o más personas.","A pesar de que algunas ciudades de México tienen niveles altos de segregación de grupos indígenas, el valor promedio para el índice de disimilitud (0,32) es más bajo que los niveles encontrados en Estados Unidos para grupos de afroamericanos o latinos (0,64 y 0,51, respectivamente) en el año 2000 (Iceland, Weinberg & Steinmetz, 2002), y más bajo que los índices de minorías étnicas en la mayoría de las ciudades europeas para las que existe información comparable (Musterd, 2005).","Las AGEB pueden ser mayores que los sectores censales de Estados Unidos —más de 10.000 personas en algunos casos—, pero son principalmente similares en tamaño, con 2.500 personas en cada una en promedio.","Finalmente, el documento muestra que la segregación de los hogares de bajos ingresos y de las minorías étnicas no es tan elevada comparada con la de Estados Unidos o Europa.","Mientras el debate acerca de la conexión entre raza y clase en Estados Unidos persistió durante décadas (Massey & Denton, 1993), en México solo está empezando a aparecer.","En Estados Unidos, el incremento en los ingresos durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX, combinado con el desarrollo suburbano basado en el uso del automóvil y la regulación del uso del suelo en las áreas suburbanas, confinó a las minorías pobres y étnicas a la residencia en las\n129 Monkkonen | La segregación residencial en el México urbano... | ©EURE\nciudades centrales (Mieszkowski & Mills, 1993).","Documento de la Oficina del Censo de Estados Unidos presentado en la Annual Meetings of the Population Association of America, mayo 9–11, 2002, Atlanta, GA.\nIhlanfeldt, K. R. & Sjoquist, D. J. (1998)."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":3686430993,"citingcorpusid":114971924,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The under sampling of a time-domain signal results in aliasing in the frequency domain [16] while spatially under sampling a plane wave will result in aliasing in the beampattern [27]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3686446738,"citingcorpusid":1095200,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["R. M. Hegde was with the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-36, India.","The group delay function can be derived using (9) and is given by\n(10) It was shown in [23] that at the resonance frequency\n, the group delay function behaves like a squared magnitude response."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3687248787,"citingcorpusid":207581916,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["As a result of this arrangement, the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) complexity is reduced by calculating smallersize DFTs [1,2].","The full-band size-N DFT X(k) can be obtained by multiplying Fg(k) and Fh(k) (the size-N/2 DFTs of g(n) and h(n) respectively) with the suitable frequency-dependent terms ((1 +W kN ) and (1−W kN )) incorperated in the block denoted “correction factors” (shown in Fig.","1), as\nX(k) = ( 1 +W kN ) Fg(k) + ( 1−W kN ) Fh(k), (2)\nwhere WN = e( −j2π\nN ), knowing that both N/2 DFTs are periodic with period N/2.","Approximate speech cepstrum Since the properties of a speech signal change rather slowly with time, it is common to estimate its parameters at intervals of about 10 ms [1].","(17) the four IDFTs of the sequences Gee(k1, k2), Gel(k1, k2), Gle(k1, k2), Gll(k1, k2) are given by:\ngee(m,n) = 1/4 N/2−1∑ k1=0 N/2−1∑ k2=0 Gee(k1, k2)W mk1 N/2 W nk2 N/2\ngel(m,n) = 1/4 N/2−1∑ k1=0 N/2−1∑ k2=0 Gel(k1, k2)W mk1 N/2 W nk2 N/2\n(18)\ngle(m,n) = 1/4 N/2−1∑ k1=0 N/2−1∑ k2=0 Gle(k1, k2)W mk1 N/2 W nk2 N/2\ngll(m,n) = 1/4 N/2−1∑ k1=0 N/2−1∑ k2=0 Gll(k1, k2)W mk1 N/2 W nk2 N/2\nThe terms multiplying the four IFFTs in Eq."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2137097088,"citingcorpusid":189164468,"citedcorpusid":144033483,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, Bodovski and Farkas (2008) used the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten cohort (ECLS-K: 1998, Tourangeau et al. 2006) and found that SES was positively and strongly associated with concerted cultivation practices which, in turn, were associated…"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2137097977,"citingcorpusid":189164468,"citedcorpusid":54048557,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although these low-income parents may well advocate an approach to fostering their children’s reading and math skills that is consistent with concerted cultivation, they may be less knowledgeable about how to best do that (Sawyer et al., 2016).","Of particular relevance for this paper, research often has not distinguished between Black and Latino families but tended to compare Blacks/Latinos to Whites (Brooks-Gunn & Markman, 2005; cf., Sawyer et al., 2016; Stevenson, Chen, & Uttal, 1990).","…future academic success (Sonnenschein & Galindo, 2015; Stevenson et al., 1990; Suizzo et al., 2014) and endorse similar home literacy practices (Sawyer et al., 2016), there are several important differences between the two groups in terms of history, country of origin, English language…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2338230856,"citingcorpusid":34176945,"citedcorpusid":21139755,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Imazu et al., 2007) and kinematic analyses of different manual aperture formations during natural and pantomimic grasping (Goodale et al., 1994; Westwood et al., 2000) indicate that natural hand movements, i.e., tool use actions, would rely on different neural substrates than pantomimed tool…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3687187329,"citingcorpusid":32919473,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The result is a spectrogram with discretization in time and frequency at the calculated frequencies [4]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3686501810,"citingcorpusid":18365557,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["frequency i is found as follows: Θi(f) = 10 6−Θq(f)/10 (17) We then find an approximate FIR filter of the scaled-inversed masking pattern using the frequency sampling method [14]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3686429832,"citingcorpusid":234680693,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This operation can be seen as resampling after reconstruction and, in principle, it is possible to perform it in the continuous- or discrete-time domains [1], [2].","The conversion in this case consists of upsampling followed by downsampling both by integer factors [1]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3687174157,"citingcorpusid":47060061,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A realizable filter has non-zero transition bandwidth and stopband gain [8].","The autocorrelation function of a WSS random process is a symmetric function of the time lag 1 [8], i.","The subband signals are orthogonal [8] if their cross-","Note that a discrete-time random process can be thought of as a sequence of random variables [8]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3686503886,"citingcorpusid":15318046,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There are eight-data registers (corresponding to the eight-data samples that are required for every output sample)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3686430739,"citingcorpusid":106492301,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The design of any photonic filter can therefore be reduced to the design of a lowpass filter centered at the baseband [73]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4030007723,"citingcorpusid":255434455,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The second free recall was based on the Bsequenced recall^ instruction (see Colomb and Ginet 2012, for a full description of this instruction).","…protocol (e.g., Davis et al. 2005), while yet others replace these cognitive instructions with a new one such as the sequenced recall instruction (Colomb and Ginet 2012), the category clustering recall instruction (Paulo et al. 2016; Paulo et al. 2017), or the re-enactment investigative…","The video depicted a road accident and lasted 3 min 38 s (see Ginet and Verkampt 2007; Colomb and Ginet 2012, for previous uses of this custommade stimulus event)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1194222131,"citingcorpusid":119447345,"citedcorpusid":121829924,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(6) Solving the system of linear equations for zero, i."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3686469094,"citingcorpusid":463512,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For off-line analysis, the simplest way to design a practically feasible digital filter h[n] is by means of the Windowing Method (Oppenheim et al., 1999).","The Kaiser window time-domain function is defined as follows (Kaiser, 1974; Oppenheim et al., 1999):"],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3686445378,"citingcorpusid":29734071,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["They can be used as compensators for phase (or group delay) distortion, and they are useful in minimum-phase filters [10]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3686491002,"citingcorpusid":129609,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The transfer function of the counter can be described by a movingaverage filter [36] followed by a downsampler."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3998850750,"citingcorpusid":254398630,"citedcorpusid":10912650,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Besides differences in root respiration, plant diversity primarily influences soil respiration via the quality and quantity of plant inputs available to microbes [22]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3898061803,"citingcorpusid":108439760,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["According to Clift et al. (1990), the criteria available in the literature can be divided into two broad categories of \"models of void coalescence and growth\" and \"empirical and semiempirical models.\" Although Erturk et al. (1982) and Havranek (1984) have attempted to determine the relationships among ductile fracture, specific material properties, and forming processes, it was pointed out in their papers that the numerous criteria have been proven to be limited. Thus, it is widely known that no general theoretical means of predicting the occurrence of fracture is available so far and that only some design rules such as limiting upsetting ratio or limiting semi-cone die angle in forward extrusion (Verson Allsteel Press Company 1969, ASM 1988, ICFG 1993) exist for preventing ductile fracture. Based on the pioneering work by Kobayashi and co-workers (1979) of predicting ductile failure in extrusion by finite element analysis, similar approaches have been applied to bulk and sheet metal forming (Osakada et al , 1978; Alberti et al.","According to Clift et al. (1990), the criteria available in the literature can be divided into two broad categories of \"models of void coalescence and growth\" and \"empirical and semiempirical models.","According to Clift et al. (1990), the criteria available in the literature can be divided into two broad categories of \"models of void coalescence and growth\" and \"empirical and semiempirical models.\" Although Erturk et al. (1982) and Havranek (1984) have attempted to determine the relationships among ductile fracture, specific material properties, and forming processes, it was pointed out in their papers that the numerous criteria have been proven to be limited."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3686429120,"citingcorpusid":55912663,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1 Introduction A popular method for designing IIR digital filters is to map the transfer function of a corresponding analog filter using an s-to-z transformation [1–6].","(14), the following equivalent relation can be formulated: z = es T = es ((1−α) T+α T ) = e (1−α) T s e−α T s , α ∈ [0, 1] (15)","The mapping meets condition 2 rather closely for low frequencies [1–6]."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":368476710,"citingcorpusid":1555212,"citedcorpusid":2858200,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Greater mixed perception following adaption was later replicated both with binocular adaptors and monocular adaptors [29].","Our psychophysical results, along with previously published psychophysical results [29] (see Discussion), supported the prediction of the ocular opponency model."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":3686499859,"citingcorpusid":210440,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The impulse response of the secondary path can be considered to be comprised of a direct sound from the secondary source to the error sensor with a delay of 17 samples and a series of the reflections [22], [23]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3687178084,"citingcorpusid":14214349,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Also known as the Parks-McClellan algorithm, it works by converting the filter design problem into a problem of polynomial approximation [16]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3968554897,"citingcorpusid":252923779,"citedcorpusid":67863040,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Second, intranasal delivery delivers the drug along the olfactory and trigeminal nerves, a route that bypasses the blood-brain barrier, allowing direct delivery of exogenous substances into the brain (Lochhead and Thorne, 2012; Aly and Waszczak, 2015; Lochhead et al., 2019; Long et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2021).","…delivery delivers the drug along the olfactory and trigeminal nerves, a route that bypasses the blood-brain barrier, allowing direct delivery of exogenous substances into the brain (Lochhead and Thorne, 2012; Aly and Waszczak, 2015; Lochhead et al., 2019; Long et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2021)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1234560966,"citingcorpusid":182898393,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["But the accepted number of rakaat according to Ahnaf is that there are four rakaat at day time (Kasani, A (1987))."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3686442704,"citingcorpusid":18033372,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(7)\nNow we introduce the spectral factorizations [15] of Hi(z) and Fi(z), i = 1, 2,\nFi(z) · F ∗i (1/z∗) = Γf,i ·Qf,i(z) ·Q∗f,i(1/z∗), (8)\nHi(z) ·H∗i (1/z∗) = Γh,i ·Qh,i(z) ·Q∗h,i(1/z∗).","Inserting (7) to (9) into (5) yields\nσ2e = σ 2 n · T 1/2T∫ −1/2T ∣∣Cu(ej2πfT )∣∣2 |Fu(ej2πfT )|2 · |Hu(ej2πfT )|2 df\n= σ2n · T 1/2T∫ −1/2T ∣∣Cu(ej2πfT )∣∣2 1 Γf,u · |Qf,u(ej2πfT )|2\n· 1 Γh,u · |Qh,u(ej2πfT )|2 df. (10)\nFrom the theory of ZF-DFE [16] it is known that the feedback polynomial Cu(z)…"],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":3686489478,"citingcorpusid":55602029,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["where ν is experimentally determined constant, and η depending upon signal acquisition and conditioning [29]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":916134587,"citingcorpusid":53697864,"citedcorpusid":10912650,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, an important influence of the environmental matrix on biodiversity within highly managed landscapes like plantations is observed (Murphy and Lovett Doust, 2004; Baum et al., 2004; Tomasevic and Estades, 2008; Lin and Augspurger, 2008; Faria et al., 2009).","However, if plantation patches are too large, biodiversity cannot benefit from the matrix (Tomasevic and Estades, 2008; Lin and Augspurger, 2008; Murphy and Lovett Doust, 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3686494922,"citingcorpusid":245159728,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…( M ), and ( m 1 + … + m k = M ) where M is defined as the number of data items in one row Let M i = m 1 + … + m k , the pixel at the indices ( r , s ) is mapped to the indices [29]. with The discretized versions of baker map of an ( M × M ) square matrix is performed using the following steps: 1."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3686442256,"citingcorpusid":9861147,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Further, a lowpass filter using Kaiser window (Oppenheim et al. 1999) with a passband of 0–0.5 Hz and a stopband at 0.85–1 Hz was applied to remove high-frequency (HF) noise.","Further, a lowpass filter using Kaiser window (Oppenheim et al. 1999) with a passband of 0–0."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3687251824,"citingcorpusid":43766609,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is suitable for data compression, due to the energy compaction property: the energy of the signal is concentrated in the low indices of the DCT, and the high indices can be neglected without affecting the content of the signal [25]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3687217813,"citingcorpusid":9748998,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["86 such that the resultant similar sidelobes are comparable to those of the Hamming window [4].","While this reduction is reasonably effective, the main lobe of the point spread function resulting from most apodization functions, such as the Hamming window, is broadened (by a factor of 2 at least) compared to a rectangular window of the same length [4].","To measure the reduction of truncation artifact in actual data, the peak approximation error approach described for digital filter design [4] is applied."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3687173493,"citingcorpusid":125346684,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["3 can also be interpreted as the discrete convolution [23] between the image d and the rectangular window function W Np , defined by W Np (i) = ⎧ ⎨ ⎩ 1 #Np , if i ∈ Np ∩ I ; 0, otherwise , (4)"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3687217808,"citingcorpusid":54440590,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["and to ensure a continuous convolution in frequency domain we use the overlap-and-save method [33], [34] with an overlap of 128 samples.","The overlap and save method [33], [34] relates the P − 1 overlap samples directly to the maximal achievable length P of the filter’s finite impulse"],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":534382795,"citingcorpusid":19068492,"citedcorpusid":10898534,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1711577215,"citingcorpusid":114342321,"citedcorpusid":123461199,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["According to Read & Hindsberger (2010), initial CDDP models constructed monotone piece-wise linear derivatives of intra-period and future value functions.","Read & Hindsberger (2010) summarize the CDDP literature since then, which mainly focusses on the development of (expected) marginal water value functions under uncertainty.","Later models typically dispensed with the piece-wise linear assumption, though, and used a process referred to as the “demand curve adding” approach in (Read & Hindsberger, 2010).","This development was then incorporated, along with the gaming model of Scott and Read, into the two reservoir RAGE optimization model developed for ECNZ (see Read & Hindsberger, 2010)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3687215022,"citingcorpusid":39988980,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A set of 5 different windowing profiles was chosen [6], including those corresponding to a flat-top filter, an uniform coefficient filter, Gaussian, hyperbolic tangent and squared sinc window functions.","It should be pointed out, that although the theoretical values required for the samples can be found in the literature [6], these are not the actual values stored in the computer memory since a calibration is always required to overcome the non-uniform amplitude provided by the broadband ASE source."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3686485384,"citingcorpusid":12617175,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, the use of the time- frequency analysis limits to a great extent the effect of spectrum broadening that is connected with the use of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) without analyzing windows which is caused by the phenomenon of overlapping of their fragments [21-27] So far many researches have concentrated on determining identification possibilities ofbasic PD forms based on the results of frequency analysis of the AE pulses generated by them."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3687247710,"citingcorpusid":45742881,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["That transform was chosen among the others because of its property known as “energy compression” [25]: coefficients of the sequence concentrated at some range of indices with higher density rather than in Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) or any other types of DCT.","There are 8 types of DCT due to the symmetry property; in this paper we use the most thoroughly researched type described in [25] as normalized DCT-II and defined by the following equations:"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3686503429,"citingcorpusid":8809956,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3686465697,"citingcorpusid":12734457,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In a bandlimited space, this is equivalent to sampling with sinc function apertures [ 23 ]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3687217791,"citingcorpusid":204267027,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The STFT was applied to both the averaged and averaged-enveloped signals at different pressure levels.","1 https://www.mathworks.com/help/signal/ref/envelope.html\n11\nWe discovered that when the envelope signal is transformed in the time-frequency domain via a STFT, more distinguishing data structures can be discerned at different pressure levels.","We use the second order Daubechies wavelet family, and the resulting detail and approximation coefficients have been transformed using a STFT. Figures 4 and 5 show the spectrograms for the approximation and detail coefficients at different pressure levels.","The procedure for computing STFTs is to divide a longer time signal into shorter segments of equal length and then compute the Fourier transform separately on each shorter segment.","D representation of the signal in the time-frequency domain based on the Short-time Fourier Transform (STFT) (Oppenheim et al. 1999)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3686446872,"citingcorpusid":235194346,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, it requires the use of sophisticated optimization tools such as Remez exchange algorithm [10], frequency transformation algorithm [11], extended the Remez exchange algorithm for one-dimensional (1-D) to the design of 2-D FIR filters."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3687257814,"citingcorpusid":60295906,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["x[7] x[0] x[4] x[1] x[5] x[2] x[6] x[3] x[7]","A detailed description about the architecture can be found in [3].","X X X X X X X X X X X X X X x[0] x[1] x[2] x[3] x[4] x[5] x[6] x[7] X[0] X[1] X[2] X[3] X[4] X[5] X[6] X[7]"],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3686446924,"citingcorpusid":11786253,"citedcorpusid":60208576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Two of these windows, particularly Kaiser and Chebyshev, have free parameters that allow a tradeoff between sidelobe attenuation and frequency resolution just like the Butterworth window [3]–[5]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1722407171,"citingcorpusid":22090422,"citedcorpusid":21406101,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["After the first description in 1958 by Jackson(17) and later by Jackson and Waugh,(18) high tibial osteotomy (HTO) has been generally accepted as an appropriate surgical method for medial compartmental osteoarthritis with varus malalignment.(14,19) In the late 20th century, many investigators reported that the long-term results of HTO were favorable within the obtained optimum alignment,(5,12,15) and in the early 21st century, studies reported that the 2 major factors to improve outcomes were limited indication and proper correction to valgus."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3207804451,"citingcorpusid":184487620,"citedcorpusid":37094119,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This includes optical photometry in ugriz from SDSS (Albareti et al. 2017), JHK near-IR photometry from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS, Skrutskie et al. 2006) and mid-IR data from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey (WISE, Wright et al. 2010) at 3.4, 4.6, 12 and 22µm."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":249739902,"citingcorpusid":30258621,"citedcorpusid":35636698,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["after treatment with AICAR [6], metformin [7], PPAR agonists [8], adiponectin [9], VEGF [10] or ICAM1 [11] and under hypoxic conditions [12].","Hypoxia, which presumably causes ATP depletion, has also been shown to cause AMPK-dependent eNOS phosphorylation (activation) [12]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1024195408,"citingcorpusid":85756974,"citedcorpusid":166705,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Basal calcium in cells is approximately 100 nM (Clapham, 2007; Sabatini et al., 2002)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2902460795,"citingcorpusid":221464805,"citedcorpusid":16984040,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["com; Supporting Information), and patients with RP2-associated retinal disorder (RP2-RD) often present a severe and “atypical” form for RP, with early macular involvement causing central visual loss (Andreasson et al., 2003; Carss et al., 2017; Dandekar et al., 2004; Hosono et al., 2018; Jayasundera et al., 2010; Ji et al., 2010; Jin, Liu, Hayakawa, Murakami, & Nao-i, 2006; Maeda et al., 2018; Mashima et al., 2000; Mashima, Saga, Akeo, & Oguchi, 2001; Mears et al., 1999; Miano et al., 2001; Prokisch et al., 2007; Sharon et al., 2000; Sharon et al., 2003; Vorster et al., 2004; Wada, Nakazawa, Abe, & Tamai, 2000; Wang et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2014).","Thus, the characteristic clinical findings of an “atypical” form of early macular involvement were identified, as reported previously (Dandekar et al., 2004; Jayasundera et al., 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1349506525,"citingcorpusid":85965253,"citedcorpusid":128502704,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Geologically, the north-eastern half of the island is younger than the south-western half, which contains a large shield volcano (Geist et al. 1986)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":433885482,"citingcorpusid":26776314,"citedcorpusid":23281565,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[13] proposed a soft-decision based two-layered approach to cope with unexpected events, where a particle swarm optimization algorithm was used for"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1711297128,"citingcorpusid":55838133,"citedcorpusid":205900204,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["6% in Northern Tanzania [36] and 8% in Brazil [37] and 14% in South Africa [38], and.","In the contrary, our finding is lower than 6.6% sero-positivity in Cameroon[35], 7.6% in Northern Tanzania [36] and 8% in Brazil [37] and 14% in South Africa [38], and."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1707153543,"citingcorpusid":11811170,"citedcorpusid":207575602,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["presence and its degree of development, as well as the concomitant dysbiosis, in autistic children in order to provide rationale basis to a possible specific therapeutic intervention in restoring gut microflora in ASDs [49]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2135239922,"citingcorpusid":202214210,"citedcorpusid":28190831,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As increased fundus autofluorescence (FAF) has been found in diabetic macular edema in association with decreased macular sensitivity [171], Schweitzer et al."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":37114441,"citingcorpusid":3879694,"citedcorpusid":15433820,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["cs) for ML TT by the Author long time ago, was the primary inspiration for the Universe presented in this work. Calculus of Inductive Constructions (CoIC), created by Thierry Coquand and G´erard Huet [8] and [9], is a lambda calculus with a rich type system like the System F. It was designed for Coq Proof Assistant [7], and can serve as both a functional programming language and as a constructive fou"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2360974017,"citingcorpusid":3879694,"citedcorpusid":39499392,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[" Incompleteness The-¨ orem Grounding of a formal theory in the Universe is presented on the basis of the Godel theorem. The proof¨ presented below is essentially the same as the one by Barkley Rosser [36]. It is clear and obvious because the logic of ordinary discourse for reasoning about a formal theory (see the first page of [36]), can be constructed rigorously as a (relatively small) part of the Uni"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2749122266,"citingcorpusid":21600743,"citedcorpusid":11238492,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2482640242,"citingcorpusid":26120654,"citedcorpusid":28666053,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The fully virulent CO92 parent strain (Doll et al., 1994), DyscN mutant (Swietnicki et al."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":161229888,"citingcorpusid":3547090,"citedcorpusid":28666053,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The sick cat displayed symptoms strongly suggestive of pneumonic plague, and the patient was diagnosed postmortem with primary pneumonic plague (6).","Our MLVAs of the above-described human and environmental Y. pestis isolates clearly demonstrate the value of this technique for the identification of likely sources of infection and sites of exposure for human plague cases.","MLVA results for this group of samples yielded high identity between the human isolate and the flea isolates collected before and after the case occurred (Fig.","When tested by MLVA, the environmental and human isolate pairs were not supported in jackknifed parsimony trees, and marker differences ranged from 7 to 15 loci, which is typical of the number of marker differences observed for nonmatching isolates seen in the NAU database.","By combining epidemiological information with matching isolate MLVA data, the likely exposure sites and often the infective sources can be identified.","Epidemiologic information was combined with MLVA data from human and environmental samples to verify specific plague exposure sites for each patient.","Our MLVA results, however, strongly suggest that the patient was exposed near his home, as indicated by the close match between his isolate and the one obtained from the flea pool collected from a prairie dog town near his residence.","We show the applicability of 17 multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) markers (MLVA) (2, 6, 16) to the molecular epidemiology and identification of environmental infection sources for human plague cases.","Our study presents an analytic strategy involving both epidemiologic data and MLVA and demonstrates the use of MLVA on multiple case studies, including one where the diagnosis was made a half continent away from the infective source.","This information has led to the development of a highly effective typing system for use in molecular epidemiology and forensic analyses (6, 16).","These cases provide examples of how MLVA verified infective plague sources when it was not clear in the original investigation.","Our MLVA also linked certain human case isolates each with an environmental isolate from a single suspected exposure site even when isolates from more than one exposure site existed.","When coupled with case histories and other epidemiological information, MLVA should also be useful for differentiating naturally occurring cases from those occurring from an intentional Y. pestis release.","MLVA detected some similarity, with 13 markers in common; however, this isolate pair was not considered a match because it was not collected at the actual exposure site."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,["methodology"],null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1065108628,"citingcorpusid":18183210,"citedcorpusid":124957031,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We propose to use the information theoretic entropies of the image as features for detection."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3171006623,"citingcorpusid":227155508,"citedcorpusid":121742541,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Winters and Malcuit (1977) demonstrated that a “warm” lunar-like body could be deformed sufficiently to store the energy necessary for capture.","These energy storage concepts were published in Winters and Malcuit (1977).","In the article by Winters and Malcuit (1977) there was a correction of an equation that was originally derived by Kaula and Harris (1973) for energy storage in a lunar-like body.","Winters and Malcuit (1977) showed that a second quantity, which is equal to the first, is associated with the tidal relaxation process."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":4048949893,"citingcorpusid":256332921,"citedcorpusid":12188347,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The non-dimensional Reynolds equation for short journal bearing has been written as follows [16]:D L 2 o of / N; lm; h ð Þ o p of 1⁄4 1 2 o h oh þ c o h os ; ð2Þ","Some of the investigators have [16] analyzed the steady state characteristics of short journal bearing for turbulent micropolar lubrication.","The modified Reynolds equation developed by prior researchers [16] has been considered for the present analysis, in a similar approach of works carried out by various literatures [14, 15] for couple stress fluid.","However, the works of some of the researchers [16] has been extended for the dynamic analysis."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2712433717,"citingcorpusid":221281704,"citedcorpusid":37809143,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some interesting approaches for MPPT techniques use artificial intelligence [17], [18], such as fuzzy logic controller (FLC), and artificial neural network","They estimate the region where the MPP lies in the P–V curve based on the measurement of the open circuit voltage or short circuit current of the PV panel [17]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":420262916,"citingcorpusid":32675364,"citedcorpusid":45557892,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The complex directly phosphorylates Sch9 that is responsible for activating protein genesis and growth, at multiple C-terminal sites, when is active [30]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3392421490,"citingcorpusid":32675364,"citedcorpusid":111377,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Also, during growth, cells consume glucose and start producing ethanol (Deken 1966), secrete proteins (Efeyan et al.","The Crabtree effect consists on the cell repression of respiration by fermentation, since yeast consumes glucose mainly by aerobic fermentation (Deken 1966)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1222781295,"citingcorpusid":195877245,"citedcorpusid":19328630,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Body metabolism analysis (11) Measured-to-predicted basal metabolic rate (BMR, %) (12) Percentage of fat burning compared with total BMR (%)","Nutritional patterns (1) Calorie intake (kcal/kg/day) (2) Carbohydrate intake (g/kg/day) (3) % calories from carbohydrate (%) (4) Protein intake (g/kg/day) (5) % calories from protein (%) (6) Fat intake (g/kg/day) (7) % calories from fat (%) (8) Carbohydrate intake>3 g/kg/day (Y/N) (9) Daily whey protein consumption (Y/N) (10) Followed a diet plan (Y/N) (11) Postworkout carbohydrate intake>0.","Salivary cortisol rhythm (11) Salivary cortisol (ng/dL) at awakening and (12) 30 min after (13) at 16:00 and (14) at 23:00 (15) Cortisol awakening response","Hormonal markers (1) Total testosterone (ng/dL) and (2) oestradiol (pg/mL) (3) IGF-1 (pg/mL), (4) TSH (μUI/mL) and (5) free T3 (pg/mL) (6) Total catecholamines and (7) metanephrines (both μg/12 hours) (8) Noradrenaline, (9) epinephrine and (10) dopamine (all μg/12 hours) (11) Metanephrines and (12) normetanephrines (both μg/12 hours)"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3755815986,"citingcorpusid":249190448,"citedcorpusid":134955343,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In agricultural systems, when exploitation techniques are put into practice where measures are not taken for the conservation and improvement of soils, fertility indicators are gradually affected ((1,2)), which make it impossible to obtain high yields of the crops."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3906312826,"citingcorpusid":16295502,"citedcorpusid":84397663,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although Sox17 can act as a transcriptional activator, it is also known to repress Wnt/b-catenin signaling by competing for b-catenin interaction with LEF/ TCF transcription factors (Zorn et al. 1999).","The ability of Foxp1 to positively regulate Fgf3/Fgf16/Fgf17/Fgf20 expression resides in its repression of Sox17, a known inhibitor of Wnt/b-catenin signaling (Zorn et al. 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":857100855,"citingcorpusid":10068069,"citedcorpusid":20905819,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Total RNA (10 mg) was electrophoresed through a formaldehyde 1.2% agarose gel as described (Sakaue et al., 1999), blotted to a Nytran Plus membrane (Schleicher & Schuell, Keene, NH), and UV-crosslinked.","The RARg-selective retinoid 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene-carboxylic acid (AHPN, also referred to as CD437) was described previously (Sakaue et al., 1999) and obtained from Dr. U. Reichert (CIRD Galderma, Valbonne, France).","was described previously (Sakaue et al., 1999) and obtained from Dr."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3144058081,"citingcorpusid":220577104,"citedcorpusid":11324564,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, 30 mW/cm2 microwave impaired neuronal functions via inducing oxidative damage, causingmitochondrial injuries and impairing synaptic plasticity (Hao et al. 2018a; Karimi et al. 2018; Xiong et al. 2015; Xu et al. 2006; Zhao et al. 2014; Zuo et al. 2014).","MAPK and PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways were involved in HIF-1α-mediated protective responses against microwave exposure (Hao et al. 2018b; Zhao et al. 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3645992773,"citingcorpusid":235794891,"citedcorpusid":216562226,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…by GRB-SNe, it is possible that the late-time radio luminosity of J1419+3940 will enter a second rise phase as the slower-moving SN ejecta collides with the ambient CSM (Barniol Duran & Giannios 2015; Kathirgamaraju et al. 2016; Peters et al. 2019; Margalit & Piran 2020; Eftekhari et al. 2021).","The relatively close distance of J1419 +3940 combined with its old age make this source an opportune target for detecting such an emission, which would present unique possibilities for probing the additional physics of the explosion (Margalit & Piran 2020)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1169436947,"citingcorpusid":166230650,"citedcorpusid":1500860,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["DSM was therefore redefined and replaced by a new concept called Demand Response (DR), to be able to cope with new challenges in the market [5].","Demand Response (DR) is defined by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) of the United States as follows [5]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1169436982,"citingcorpusid":166230650,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The definition of DR programs is addressed in [6].","DR programs are basically classified either as time-based and/or incentive-based programs [6].","Demand Response (DR) is defined as modifying the load profiles of electricity customers via offering incentives or establishing new price tariffs [6]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":284439435,"citingcorpusid":844880,"citedcorpusid":15528823,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A generally recognized advantage of OFDM is its robustness against various types of channel distortions, such as multipath propagation and narrowband interference [3], [4].","(15)\nIn this case, the SER performance will not change much with the increase of SNR ρ. Fig."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":612986886,"citingcorpusid":59392790,"citedcorpusid":153929370,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A few studies posit that external knowledge search drives EI (de Marchi and Grandinetti, 2013; Triguero et al., 2013).","Various empirical studies testify to this positive influence: Cooperative networks with universities and public institutions drive EI (Cainelli et al., 2011; de Marchi, 2012; Triguero et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3535020553,"citingcorpusid":238734274,"citedcorpusid":153929370,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Afterwards, several researchers have used this approach [47]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":974163611,"citingcorpusid":54514157,"citedcorpusid":153929370,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["gaged in R&D cooperation might be able to compensate for their lack of resources to innovate (Triguero et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1052895867,"citingcorpusid":113596704,"citedcorpusid":153929370,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Triguero et al. (2013) studied entrepreneurial relationship with research entities.","Triguero, Moreno-Mondéjar, and Davia (2013) suggested that setting up a bureau for consumer financial protection could play a leading role in policing fraudulent claims of sustainable management approach by businesses leaders.","This understanding has provided a platform for\n43\ninvestigating environmental change (eco-innovation) in terms of drivers of innovation, SME product, process, and organizational innovation (Triguero et al., 2013).","Triguero et al. (2013) studied\nentrepreneurial relationship with research entities.","43 investigating environmental change (eco-innovation) in terms of drivers of innovation, SME product, process, and organizational innovation (Triguero et al., 2013)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":4072110006,"citingcorpusid":257241593,"citedcorpusid":90920166,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similarly, an experiment conducted on broilers proved that propolis, another product of bee origin, attenuates the endocrine component of the stress response by lowering corticosterone levels in broilers that were kept in stressful conditions [28]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":599577882,"citingcorpusid":46532631,"citedcorpusid":7080010,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Two of the candidates lie within introns of a ribosomal subunit protein and hypothetical protein however the remaining 16 candidates are within intergenic regions and are flanked by predicted genes (Table 2). Interestingly, of the 34 genes flanking the candidate [24, 25 ] ncRNAs, five encode ribosomal protein subunits and two encode subtilisin like proteases."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1009308567,"citingcorpusid":82641668,"citedcorpusid":7080010,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["TDR Targets provides expression experiments from a number of sources [73, 128, 129], with genes divided into 5 bins according to the percentile of their expression (from least expressed to most expressed): 0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60%, 60-80%, and 80-100%.","The Winzeler lab created a high-density oligonucleotide array composed of nearly 500,000 features, which they used to measure the expression levels of all the genes in the genome at nine different stages that encompassed the human and mosquito lifecycles [128].","The first two full genome microarrays were created in 2003, the first being used to analyze the expression levels of the genome at 9 different stages, encompassing the human and mosquito lifecycle [126-128].","Transcriptional profiling of the IDC revealed a unique eukaryotic transcriptome distinguished by a wave of gene expression that typically reaches a single maximum and minimum during the 48-hour cycle [73, 128, 129]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":339246294,"citingcorpusid":11661970,"citedcorpusid":7080010,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In P. falciparum, SERA proteins are expressed late during the schizogonic cycle (Hodder et al., 2003; Le Roch et al., 2003; 2004) and accumulate in the PV lumen (Knapp et al., 1989; 1991), and the paralogues encoding SERA5 and SERA6 cannot be inactivated (Miller et al., 2002a,b; McCoubrie et al.,…","The ultrastructure of these merozoites appeared normal as assessed by the presence of a nucleus, rhoptries and a membrane coat (see Fig."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":836042004,"citingcorpusid":10475868,"citedcorpusid":7080010,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Notably, several genes required for the development of the liver stages (also called exoerythrocytic forms [EEFs]) are transcribed, but not translated, in salivary gland sporozoites (Florens et al., 2002; Le Roch et al., 2003; Lasonder et al., 2008).","For example, UIS4, LSAP-2, and LSAP-1 are among the most abundant transcripts in the salivary gland transcriptome (Le Roch et al., 2003), but have not been detected by proteomic surveys of liver stages (Florens et al., 2002;\nchanges that characterize the initial transformation of sporozoites into…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3444206396,"citingcorpusid":237394816,"citedcorpusid":128982482,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2006), the difficulty of improving the ROP is increased in deep wells drilling, and percussion rotary drilling technology benefits the penetration rate (Franca 2011; Vargas et al. 2015; Wilson 2015; Hustrulid and Fairhurst 1971b; Batako et al. 2003), which convert the impact energy to stress waves to break rock during the impact process; according to the theory of stress wave, the impact energy is delivered to the drill bit through the form of stress waves, different impact loads correspond to different incident stress waves, and different incident waves correspond to different energy transfer efficiency (Shan et al.","…the difficulty of improving the ROP is increased in deep wells drilling, and percussion rotary drilling technology benefits the penetration rate (Franca 2011; Vargas et al. 2015; Wilson 2015; Hustrulid and Fairhurst 1971b; Batako et al. 2003), which convert the impact energy to stress waves to…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1218008614,"citingcorpusid":174801641,"citedcorpusid":8573633,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["*Use consistent gestures throughout the app to avoid confusion [3].","Be consistent with images or graphical metaphors used in interfaces and their real world use [3].","Avoid gestures such as flick, drag & drop, rotate, pinch and spread to interfaces made for children under age 4 [2,3,30].","Avoid using visually complex application backgrounds as children can get confused when interacting on them [3].","*Provide adequate space between two clickable items to compensate for children’s inaccuracy in targeting [3].","Use gestures to manipulate objects in children’s apps in a manner consistent with the object’s use in the real world [3]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2682904970,"citingcorpusid":23134050,"citedcorpusid":28361503,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The covalent linkage of myristate provides increased hydrophobicity allowing the target proteins to localize to cell membranes (Rudnick et al., 1993; Johnson et al., 1994a) and to take part in hydrophobic protein–protein interactions (Rudnick et al., 1993).","In a previous study of suppressors of S. cerevisiae nmt1–181, mainly components upstream of NMT were identified, for example genes involved fatty acid synthesis (Johnson et al., 1994b).","The leading methionine is cleaved and the residual glycine at the second position makes an amide linkage with myristate (Johnson et al., 1994a)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3410860747,"citingcorpusid":232414218,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The blockchain Ethereum, on average, mines a block every 15 seconds, so on the Rinkeby test network the average waiting time varied in the range [15, 20] seconds before the data is written on the blockchain.","This paper proposes a Decentralized APPlication (DAPP) [14] based on blockchain Ethereum [15][16] and InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) [10] to \"certify the data\" without the need of a centralized organization or system which directs and governs its management, while ensuring its ownership and inalterability.","The most famous and used one is undoubtedly Ethereum [15] [26] [27], born after Bitcoin, with the goal of providing a Bitcoin-like system with a complete scripting language.","In recent years, decentralized cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin [17], Ethereum [15], Zcash [18] and the","The following software technologies were used to implement the project: • the decentralized platform Ethereum [15] for the creation of the private [37] blockchain and smart contract management; • the distributed peer-to-peer IPFS - InterPlanetary Name System (IPNS) for the management and storage of data to save; • the object-oriented, high-level Solidity programming language [38] for the implementation of the smart contract."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":140178156,"citingcorpusid":23184732,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The laboratory tests of device \"Vector\" [19] on the model of the overhead lines [11] (Fig.","Development of a new portable device of ground fault location began with the study of electromagnetic field characteristics under the wires of overhead lines for various types of single-phase faults of different overhead transmission lines 6-35 kV and their physical models [11]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":598281599,"citingcorpusid":56256798,"citedcorpusid":26962583,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…with the increased role of the transporter or parasite activating channel that exist in the erythrocyte membrane, or an increased in membrane fluidity in which parasites affect lipid or protein that causes structural changes of cell membranes (An and Mohandas, 2010; Haldar and Mohandas, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2575072830,"citingcorpusid":205170075,"citedcorpusid":83752133,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2004), and the ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (Miller et al., 2005; Pastore et al., 2005) in vitro."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1036060257,"citingcorpusid":98939727,"citedcorpusid":41066601,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It has been suggested that FlaB is an exclusively hook proximal flagellin subunit that is solely expressed early during flagella assembly and the ratio of FlaA to FlaB changes in a growth dependent manner (Kostrzynska et al., 1991; Niehus et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1600748238,"citingcorpusid":54269513,"citedcorpusid":24177131,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…et al., 2015; Flanigan, McFarlane, & Cook, 2008; Funkhouser et al., 2017; Hummers-Pradier et al., 2008; Klabunde, Willis, & Casalino, 2013; Parkinson et al., 2015; Wiebe, Kaczorowski, & MacKay, 2012): their working time is fully accounted for by core medical tasks, forcing them to…"],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":3957941475,"citingcorpusid":252873140,"citedcorpusid":11558223,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["As stated in [8], the universal perturbation lies in a low dimensional space.","However, our experiment shows that this problem can be alleviated by adapting universal AT (UAT [8]) to the OOD setting, i.e., using a perturbation for each domain.","Moreover, we empirically find that when adapting Universal AT (UAT [8]) to OOD problems, i.e., conducting AT with domain-wise perturbations, it shows stronger input-robustness when facing larger-scale perturbations compared to the sample-wise AT (see Section 3.2)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2596568523,"citingcorpusid":140664921,"citedcorpusid":129177837,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In fact, the pore fluid pressure of 43.8 MPa is determined in 4,220 m depth by pressure and slurry rates during fracturing treatments in the geothermal target horizon (Legarth et al. 2005).","In fact, the pore fluid pressure of 43.8 MPa is determined in 4,220 m depth by pressure and slurry rates during fracturing treatments in the geothermal target horizon ( Legarth et al. 2005 ).","Several hydraulic stimulation campaigns have been carried out in this well ( Legarth et al. 2005 ).","Results from hydraulic fracturing treatments in the reservoir, that are described in detail by  Legarth et al. (2005)  and Reinicke et al. (2005), indicate a minimum horizontal stress of approximately 53 ± 3 MPa at a depth of 4,100 m. This in-situ stress value is inferred from measured pressures that were necessary to induce a hydraulic fracture whilst reservoir stimulation.","Observations from hydraulic fracturing treatments help to verify the calculated stress field magnitudes (Legarth et al. 2005).","Results from hydraulic fracturing treatments in the reservoir, that are described in detail by Legarth et al. (2005) and Reinicke et al. (2005), indicate a minimum horizontal stress of approximately 53±3 MPa at a depth of 4,100 m.","Observations from hydraulic fracturing treatments help to verify the calculated stress field magnitudes ( Legarth et al. 2005 ).","Several hydraulic stimulation campaigns have been carried out in this well (Legarth et al. 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":939332536,"citingcorpusid":20740669,"citedcorpusid":40055714,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Kirkpatrick and his co-workers reported that a hybrid OR with the same concept would provide new combined treatment paradigms [32]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2831584912,"citingcorpusid":219104906,"citedcorpusid":40055714,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This geographical obstacle has largely limited these techniques to patients stable enough for transport; however, with the advent of hybrid operating rooms, procedures can more often be performed concomitantly.(4) In our institution, we have developed and refined several endovascular techniques designed to control bleeding from arterial, portal venous and hepatic venous hemorrhage for use in conjunction with operative surgery."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3766804286,"citingcorpusid":219661613,"citedcorpusid":208597535,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Gln exerts the beneficial effects on small intestinal morphology probably due to its energy providing and metabolism in the small intestinal cells of broilers (Le Bacquer et al., 2003; Wu et al., 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3719188523,"citingcorpusid":248000878,"citedcorpusid":20884608,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["PCR assay PCR-based nucleic acid amplification 14 CFU of bacteria/ reaction 2 hours Automated: sample-in, answer-out Thermal cyclers and PMT are externally integrated Academic research Low: time intensive; cost and sensitivity: unknown (112)","(112) demonstrated a LOC comprising micromixers, micropumps, and microvalves for sample enrichment, washing, and lysis steps."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3261756484,"citingcorpusid":103957931,"citedcorpusid":17984864,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However, the extent of the effects of these variables can also differ and vary with specific biomes and regions in relation to other variables such as plant diversity, climate and land management (Dequiedt et al., 2011; Colman & Schimel, 2013).","There is still a need, however, to identify the ranges of these microbial indices in relation to biotic and abiotic factors and characteristic thresholds for specific soil categories, especially at medium and large biogeographical scales (Hofman et al., 2004; Dequiedt et al., 2011).","Large-scale studies have only recently become more common (Drenovsky et al., 2010; Dequiedt et al., 2011; Colman & Schimel, 2013).","Clay has been positively correlated with microbial biomass (Dequiedt et al., 2011) and negatively with microbial respiration (Colman & Schimel, 2013).","However, a French national soil survey carried out over several years by Dequiedt et al. (2011) did find differences between grassland management in relation to microbial biomass."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3138334727,"citingcorpusid":225573445,"citedcorpusid":24096589,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[85] and Šimon and Czakó [90] showed no negative effect."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3809214828,"citingcorpusid":225573445,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In Poland, one of the most frequently used method of removing hydrogen sulfide from biogas obtained from sewage sludge digestion is the Biosulfex® method (PROMIS COMPANY, Warsaw, Poland), with the use of iron and organic ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) ligand [24,25]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3780887786,"citingcorpusid":42982345,"citedcorpusid":16722168,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, the hippocampus and amygdala work together for memory formation that is critical in language processing (Mcdonald and White, 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1693049408,"citingcorpusid":206745269,"citedcorpusid":27630894,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The response of pathogenic fungi under hypoxic conditions is important for several virulence attributes, from infection to biofilm formation (26, 66, 68, 69, 74).","The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans grows on superficial and internal sites in the infected host, areas that differ significantly in the availability of oxygen (26)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1071978751,"citingcorpusid":37296209,"citedcorpusid":55311285,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Adams et al. (2008) stated that dispersal, resulting in both immigration and emigration, was a key component to growth and persistence of a harvested population of gray wolves Canis lupus in Alaska.","Immigration can play a large and important role in population persistence in some wolf populations (Adams et al., 2008), but we currently do not have estimates of immigration into our study areas.","Immigration can play a large and important role\nin population persistence in some wolf populations (Adams et al., 2008), but we currently do not have estimates of immigration into our study areas."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":422402490,"citingcorpusid":4030370,"citedcorpusid":18101996,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["As one of the largest TF families in eukaryotes, the C2H2 family exhibited varying preferences, likely due to their much less conserved three-dimensional protein folds compared to other protein families (Laity et al. 2001).","S4) and require binding to correct DNA sequences to adopt a stable protein structure (Laity et al. 2001).","protein folds compared to other protein families (Laity et al. 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2559783674,"citingcorpusid":25711894,"citedcorpusid":28805851,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This includes rolling polymer bi-layers around a cylinder [21], spin-casting films onto a corrugated/blazed surface [98], blowing an elastomer multi-layer into a bubble [99] and swelling films to be moulded or patterned while being pressed with a pre-patterned PDMS stamp [100]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2559783349,"citingcorpusid":25711894,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These materials have a low Young’s modulus (they are ‘rubbery’), high strain failure (it is difficult to deform them permanently) and capable of storing strain energy [18, 49].","However, this depends on the chemical properties of the polymer and the solvent [18, 47, 49].","The radical polymer chains have unstable electron structures (due to unpaired valence electrons or an electron shell which has not been filled) which causes them to be highly reactive [49].","Carboxyclic acid (such as Acyl chloride) are used to cross-link polymers [49].","The atoms in the molecule are in a non-symmetric arrangement and the charge distribution is equivalent to a pair of separate and opposite charges [49].","Differences in the composition and arrangement of atoms in a polymer will change its chemical properties [18, 47, 49]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":155416392,"citingcorpusid":31842872,"citedcorpusid":3024076,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1–3; Cain et al. 2002).","In our LI protocol, we used conditions similar to those we previously used for extinction (Cain et al. 2002), with the exception of giving our CS presentations 1 d before fear conditioning instead of 1 d after.","…in the NPE animals treated with nifedipine was near ceiling in Experiment 1, and because we have seen no evidence that injection of nifedipine during acquisition or testing increases expression of freezing (Cain et al. 2002), we did not include NPE groups receiving all patterns of injections.","We recently demonstrated that both acute and long-lasting extinction, but not acquisition or expression, of conditioned fear depends on L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (LVGCCs; Cain et al. 2002)."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":970588468,"citingcorpusid":70970619,"citedcorpusid":18169539,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Different experimental models that describe both these routes of transmigration have been studied, however, it is not clear which factors dictate the granulocytes choice of route[48-52]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1517090901,"citingcorpusid":156978872,"citedcorpusid":127762303,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Since the groundwater table is decreasing strongest in these regions (Breña-Naranjo et al. 2014), strategies to counteract this situation should focus on managing the blue water footprint.","Since the groundwater table is decreasing strongest in these regions (Breña-Naranjo et al. 2014), strategies to counteract this situation should focus on managing the blue water footprint."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1188003639,"citingcorpusid":6031704,"citedcorpusid":13223884,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["“[. . . ] it seems to me obvious that the only rational approach to such problems would be the following: [ 1 ] We should reconcile ourselves with the fact that we are confronted, not with one concept, but with several different concepts which are denoted by one word; [2] we should try to make these concepts as clear as possible (by means of definition, or of an axiomatic procedure, or in some other way); [3] to avoid further confusions, we ..."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":970589675,"citingcorpusid":70970619,"citedcorpusid":32633884,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Receptor Ligand Origin Reference Human FPR fMLF and analogues Exogenous (bacteria) [139] T20 (DP178) Exogenous (HIV) [140] T21 (DP107) Exogenous (HIV) [141] Formylated peptides Endogenous (mitochondria) [122] Cathepsin G Endogenous (neutrophils) [142] Ac9-25 Endogenous (Annexin 1) [127] gG-2p20 Exogenous (HSV) [143] WKYMVm Synthetic peptide [132, 144] Human FPRL1 Hp2-20 Exogenous (bacteria) [145] N36 Exogenous (HIV) [146] F peptide Exogenous (HIV) [147] T21 (DP107) Exogenous (HIV) [141] SAA Endogenous (serum) [148] LL-37 Endogenous (neutrophil) [149] WKYMVM Synthetic peptide [130] WKYMVm Synthetic peptide [150] MMK1 Synthetic peptide [151] LxA4 Endogenous [128] PACAP27 Endogenous [152] Abbreviations and clarifications: Ac9-25, amino acid 9-25 in Annexin 1; fMLF, formyl-Met-Leu-Phe; F peptide, a 20 amino acid fragment of the HIV envelope protein gp120; gG-2p20, a peptide from herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein g; Hp(2-20), 19-residues fragment of an H.","this receptor are probably the N-formylated peptides formed in nature during bacterial and mitochondrial protein synthesis[122]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1013828439,"citingcorpusid":77391152,"citedcorpusid":73600735,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Halin Niu in [1], claimed while comparing voronoi diagram and visibility graph claimed that voronoi diagram is always preferred over other methods (like Visibility graph) because of its computing efficiency (O(nlog(n)) time), as the visibility graph takes up to O(n2) time.","In [1], the “C-Enduro Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV)” was designed to operate at sea for longer period of time extended up to 3 months by developing a capable path planning algorithm by integrating the voronoi diagram, Visibility algorithm, Dijkstra search algorithm and considers the sea current data."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":168989006,"citingcorpusid":37911797,"citedcorpusid":17743887,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["tially as described previously (45, 46), with some modifications."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2014345717,"citingcorpusid":212889528,"citedcorpusid":132741744,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["By analyzing Equation (3), the following equations can be obtained.","This means that when the rock block is subjected to the effects of 1 and 3 of a certain limit Mohr's circle, it is (3) (2) yz =4R(2) t −4Rt ⋅ y","Obviously, Equation (3) is a parabolic equation and each point on the parabola is a tangent with a limit Mohr's circle determined by the corresponding 1 and 3, as demonstrated in Figure 5.","Based on elastic mechanics and some necessary assumptions, the equation of Griffith's strength curve can be deduced, as shown in Equation (3)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3363582083,"citingcorpusid":232419938,"citedcorpusid":21763541,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Rhodopseudomonas palustris is a typical purple nonsulfur bacteria that can obtain energy for growth from natural light anaerobically, whose fermentation processes have been well researched over the years (Carlozzi and Sacchi 2001; Carlozzi et al. 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3352377721,"citingcorpusid":229074863,"citedcorpusid":7508774,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2020; 9 (1); 57-64 D ow nl oa de d fr om s oc ia lw or km ag ."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2448168938,"citingcorpusid":5774378,"citedcorpusid":44570753,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This observation, primarily based on the B. subtilis YXEP structure, was proposed to distinguish enzymes of the M20D family from the other M20 proteases, which have an aspartate residue with an equivalent role and position (Lundgren et al., 2007; Lindner et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3021200996,"citingcorpusid":45548435,"citedcorpusid":19135738,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Whereas the element remains in the same place [4] in the penultimate intron [ 22 ], internal rearrangements within the element affect Sh gene expression."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2087846924,"citingcorpusid":158678999,"citedcorpusid":154821476,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Simpson and Taylor (2008) find no evidence of higher prices for consumers after the 1999 Marathon Ashland Petroleum acquisition of Ultramar Diamond Shamrock assets."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":529184928,"citingcorpusid":16902997,"citedcorpusid":154103251,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As first pointed out by Straszheim (1974) researchers risk biased results by attempting to fit a single hedonic price function to what are in effect separate hedonic price schedules."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2172052317,"citingcorpusid":4756214,"citedcorpusid":33151161,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We noticed that arctigenin, one of the main components of TLFA, had been reported to activate adenosine‐monophosphate‐ activated protein kinase in ob/ob mice (Huang et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1599803993,"citingcorpusid":132915343,"citedcorpusid":94117340,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…e micronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn, Zn) e Al das folhas; os cátions trocáveis K, Ca, Mg, H, Al do solo foram extraídos com solução 0,5 N de NH4CI (TRÜBY & ALDINGER, 1989), o P com solução 1N de ácido cítrico (MOLL, 1964) e a matéria orgânica com solução 1N de dicromato de potássio.","As médias ponderadas dos teores dos elementos minerais no solo foi, portanto, calculado para fins de análise deste trabalho, pela seguinte formula:\nTeor do elemento no solo = 0,5 * A + 0,3 * B + 0,2 * C\nonde:\nA = teor do elemento no solo à profundidade de 0-10 cm B = teor do elemento no solo à profundidade de 10 - 20 cm C = teor do elemento no solo à profundidade de 20 - 30 cm\nPara as análises químicas das amostras usou-se extração total dos macro e micronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn, Zn) e Al das folhas; os cátions trocáveis K, Ca, Mg, H, Al do solo foram extraídos com solução 0,5 N de NH4CI (TRÜBY & ALDINGER, 1989), o P com solução 1N de ácido cítrico (MOLL, 1964) e a matéria orgânica com solução 1N de dicromato de potássio."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":1054299006,"citingcorpusid":107882585,"citedcorpusid":106567263,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…was purchased in 1913 from the Compaña General de Tabacos de Filipinas, then the leading company in the Philippines, for the amount of Php 200,000.00 although had it not for the generosity of the company it could have easily fetch not less than 1-million peso purchase price (Morallos, 1998).","00 although had it not for the generosity of the company it could have easily fetch not less than 1-million peso purchase price (Morallos, 1998).","Within this period, some 40 titles were printed of which the National Library at present has 8 extant copies in its holdings (Morallos, 1998)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3355294493,"citingcorpusid":230608727,"citedcorpusid":93589718,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1832747850,"citingcorpusid":17196921,"citedcorpusid":729164,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…mutants with severe defects in muscle arm development, including unc-60B, unc-52, clr-1, and unc-73 (Alexander et al., 2009; Dixon et al., 2006; Dixon and Roy, 2005), did not show synaptic tiling defect, suggesting that synaptic tiling is not likely due to defects in the morphological…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1192789357,"citingcorpusid":83753662,"citedcorpusid":85644697,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Despite these issues, simulations of the temporal and spatial dynamics of copepod nauplii, the main prey resource of young pollock (Kendall and Nakatani, 1992; Napp et al., 2005), resulted in some interesting observations.","Despite these issues, simulations of the temporal and spatial dynamics of copepod nauplii, the main\nprey resource of young pollock (Kendall and Nakatani, 1992; Napp et al., 2005), resulted in some interesting observations.","There was a definite peak in naupliar production occurring in most modeled years between early May and early June (see also Napp et al., 2005).","Larval pollock prey (Pseudocalanus spp.) The species of Pseudocalanus used in this model were Pseudocalanus newmani, Pseudocalanus mimus, Pseudocalanus moultani and Pseudocalanus minutus (Napp et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1683467990,"citingcorpusid":201608716,"citedcorpusid":207134907,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recently, it has been demonstrated that α-synuclein triggers Toll-like receptor (TLR) two in rat microglia and in human monocytes, causing interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production (Figure 6) [58]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2047784303,"citingcorpusid":165050732,"citedcorpusid":89609993,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A second example, previously cited (Bouma, 2019), is related to implementation of the French: 4 per 1000 proposal to contribute to climate mitigation (SDG 13) (https://www.","These enable exploration of effects of future climate change and new definitions of soil quality and soil health (Bouma, 2002; Bonfante, Terribile, & Bouma, 2019).","A second example, previously cited (Bouma, 2019), is related to implementation of the French: 4 per 1000 proposal to contribute to climate mitigation (SDG 13) (https://www.4p1000. org)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1190082602,"citingcorpusid":125032560,"citedcorpusid":120727507,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["SOFIA has by now flown more than 300 flights most of them science flights deploying science instruments such as HIPO [5, 6, 7], FORCAST [8, 9, 10], GREAT [11, 12, 13, 14], upGREAT [14], FIFI-LS [15, 16, 17, 18] and HAWC+ [19] with pointing stability in the range of 0.","SOFIA has by now flown more than 300 flights most of them science flights deploying science instruments such as HIPO [5, 6, 7], FORCAST [8, 9, 10], GREAT [11, 12, 13, 14], upGREAT [14], FIFI-LS [15, 16, 17, 18] and HAWC+ [19] with pointing stability in the range of 0.9 - 0.7 arc sec rms [20, 21]."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3574933897,"citingcorpusid":240195808,"citedcorpusid":55637347,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and ecofriendly technology that uses living plants to clean up contaminated water, sediments, or soils [7, 8, 10].","Thus, in recent times biological techniques like phytoremediation are being evaluated as alternative options for removal of environmental pollutants due to its low cost and safety of implementation [7].","The enormous costs, adverse effects on the environment and low efficiencies associated with these remediation techniques present limitations to their availability and usage [1, 3, 7, 8]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":170001376,"citingcorpusid":13395712,"citedcorpusid":145800875,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In order to build our research background, we performed a literature study by using snowball sampling technique [51].","Knowledge intensive and stressful work is addressed in a study of airtraffic controllers [51] and also in a study of the positive impact of transactive processes on team’s creativity [52]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3534597260,"citingcorpusid":238714527,"citedcorpusid":10595386,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…a global or regional level due to international issues like inter-country migration and global/regional economic and political dynamics (Gurr 2000; Campos and Kuzeyev 2007); the 30-year lagged values of ethnic fractionalization.15The relevance of each of these alternative instruments is assessed…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4005888413,"citingcorpusid":254593603,"citedcorpusid":160801507,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The proliferation of representations at the onset of the process of reconstruction of the world performed by the delusions [prodrome that the alienists had described as an “incubation period” of the delusional ideas (Sérieux and Capgras, 1982)] might manifest itself through an increased activity of the spontaneous cognitive processes involving, and therefore an increased expenditure of energy in the areas associated with the DMN.","…reconstruction of the world performed by the delusions [prodrome that the alienists had described as an “incubation period” of the delusional ideas (Sérieux and Capgras, 1982)] might manifest itself through an increased activity of the spontaneous cognitive processes involving, and therefore an…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3728327656,"citingcorpusid":248353708,"citedcorpusid":35122868,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In plants, the products of photosynthesis are delivered from photoautotrophic tissues to distant sink organs, such as fruits and roots, where they are utilized for growth or storage [1,2]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1037401066,"citingcorpusid":93540831,"citedcorpusid":46098810,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Given that cancer cells harboring wild-type p53 are specifically primed to undergo apoptosis when p53 is activated (14), mechanisms such as specific CBP inhibition may be of great value in cancer therapy, by increasing the therapeutic index of highly toxic chemotherapeutics such as doxorubicin.","Iinsect-cell-derived human p53 and FLAG-MDM2 were purified as a complex using FLAG M2 (Sigma) agarose as described (14), then incubated with ubiquitin reaction components (100 ng E1, rabbit; Boston Biochem), 25 ng E2 (UbcH5a, human recombinant; Boston Biochem), and 5 ng Ub (human recombinant; Boston Biochem) at 37 °C for 30 min.","E3 assays using purified GST-CBP polypeptides were performed as described (14).","input p53-UbF p53 Flag-CBP (1-200) Flag-CBP (1-616) Poly-Ub-p53","CBP (1‐616)  CBP (1-451) CBP( 452-721) E1/E2 - + + + ‐ +   +  + ‐ +   +  + Ub +   +   +  +   +   +  +  +  +   +   +  + ATP  +   +   +   +   +   +   +  +  +   +   +  + GST‐CBP(ug) 1   .","The E4 effect of CBP would be most consistent with an intrinsic MDM2independent ubiquitin ligase activity that can only recognize a monoubiquitinated or multiply monoubiquitinated substrate, as has been observed for p300 (14).","E1 - + - + Flag-CBP (1‐200)  (1‐616) WB: CBP 28KDa 62KDa Flag-CBP (1-616)"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],null,null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":579217405,"citingcorpusid":55017091,"citedcorpusid":12395361,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Transformation methods targeting organogenic explants appeared to fulfill the requirements for flexible gene delivery to multiple genotypes with moderate clonal replication, such as in functional studies of candidate genes (Nehra et al. 2005).","Several general overviews of tree biotechnologies, including genetic transformation of both hardwoods and conifers, have been published in recent years (Tang and Newton 2003; Giri et al. 2004; Nehra et al. 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3401700760,"citingcorpusid":236519637,"citedcorpusid":233186248,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["One of the major concerns and that should be a primary objective today, is the careful approach and rehabilitation in this type of patients, who may lose functional capacity due to difficulties in physical therapy, neurocognitive, nutritional, psychological and neurophysiological, due to prolonged stay in intensive care [2,3].","We thank the authors for providing us with such valuable evidence, however, we would like to make a few comments on two fundamental aspects in the prognosis of the COVID-19 patient with or without a history of neurological disorders, and the need to design and implement strategies to promote neurorehabilitation in low- and middle-income countries Post-COVID-19 neurological syndrome was recently described [2,3], characterized by the persistence of neurological symptoms or development of mild or severe acute neurological events following the active phase of COVID-19, leading to high rates of morbidity, mortality, disability and health care costs [2-4]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1244940958,"citingcorpusid":48141,"citedcorpusid":8411417,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Similar semantics can be defined for Negotiation-or and “xor” bonds [25, 24].","A Web bond is specified by its type (subscription/negotiation), references to one or more Web entities, triggers associated with each reference (eventcondition-action rules [21]), a priority, a constraint (AND, OR, XOR), a bond creation expiry time [24, 25].","However, as things stand today, these languages propose different techniques to perform WS composition and there is no fundamental, theoretically sound, WS composition/choreography framework [3, 25].","In [25], we have proposed preliminary ideas on Web coordination bonds as one such set of core artifacts for Web Service coordination/choreography."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4030862913,"citingcorpusid":255483905,"citedcorpusid":44664103,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In this case, Xia and Li [18] showed that by the argument in [6], which was used to prove (4), one can establish the following: DA(Zn) = ⌈n r ⌉ ."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1004497478,"citingcorpusid":82121228,"citedcorpusid":82081836,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The maximum reported SVL is 106mm (Gill and Whitaker 2001); however the individuals on Stephens Island are known to be larger, up to 240mm total length (Robb 1986).","Oligosoma lineoocellatum young are born in late summer to early autumn (Robb 1986)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1004498264,"citingcorpusid":82121228,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["With conservation now the priority on Stephens Island, revegetation of the island became a primary objective (Brown 2000).","The Frogbank (to protect the native frogs) and the corridor (linking the two surviving forests) are the first foci of revegetation (Brown 2000).","In 1951 a fence running along the edge of the forest remnants and the cliff edge was completed, protectingRuston Bush and the southern two thirds of the island from livestock (Brown 2000).","Following the establishment of a lighthouse and farm on the island in 1894, approximately 80% of the original forest was converted into pasture (Brown 2000).","Under the 1992 Stephens Island revegetation plan, the majority of pasture is to be retired and replanted over the next 10 -15 years (Brown 2000).","By 1910, 700 cats had been killed and all cats were removed by 1925 (Brown 2000).","The loss of forest on Stephens Island became an issue in the 1920’s, but little was done to protect the remaining patches of bush from the livestock (Brown 2000).","Since the 1990s vegetative restoration of Stephens Island has aimed to eventually return the island to its original forested state (Brown 2000).","By 1949, the sheep numbers had risen to 400, the Frogbank was described as a picture of desolation and stock had decimated Ruston Bush (Brown 2000).","2 Revegetation of Stephens Island The loss of forest on Stephens Island became an issue in the 1920’s, but little was done to protect the remaining patches of bush from the livestock (Brown 2000).","Following the establishment of a lighthouse station and farm in 1894, burning and grazing destroyed 80% of the forest (Brown 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4068608090,"citingcorpusid":70598510,"citedcorpusid":45771936,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Performance of the rapid influenza test under field conditions in rural Thailand yielded moderate sensitivity and high specificity compared to viral culture [18] and the test results of the outpatients with influenza-like illness significantly decreased inappropriate prescription of antibiotics [19]."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":351959592,"citingcorpusid":18015358,"citedcorpusid":62608769,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It can be used in places like hospitals, military, airplanes where there is a restriction or limitation on the use of equipments based on RF technology as they interfere with the monitoring equipment [2].","The BS are further connected to the fiber-optic backbone network for the exchange of information [2].","[2011, 2012, 2013] have reported ground-to-train communication using FSO in the recent past [2],[7],[8] with a maximum data rate of 50Mbps for a distance of 75m.","Theoretically, the devices like Wi-Fi / WiMAX which use RF technology can accomplish data rates up to 54/75 Mbps [1] but practically, due to multipath propagation and limited bandwidth, it could be lower than 10Mbps [2]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3974655685,"citingcorpusid":253391322,"citedcorpusid":6781188,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["اييمع قمطي ةتات ماوم نم نيجورتسلاا تلابقتسمبLigand Binding\nDomain (LBD) نيب وبشمل ةجيتنLBD لكشلا ثيح نم راقعلا نيبو موم ةنورم نع لاضف ومجحلاوLBD (Kong et al, 2003) اذى نا ."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3301254905,"citingcorpusid":232508692,"citedcorpusid":26703084,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3781680517,"citingcorpusid":38100832,"citedcorpusid":72131241,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Clinical research examining disease-related risk in this patient group is necessary and timely, particularly because existing data regarding medical outcomes for these patients show a mixed prognosis (Bodegard et al., 2004; Eslick & Talley, 2008; Lichtlen et al., 1995)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":1582209338,"citingcorpusid":201832914,"citedcorpusid":52098335,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The idea of quadratization is also used for continuous variables in [9] in order to deduce linear programming relaxations."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":24337766,"citingcorpusid":10464366,"citedcorpusid":13357959,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["information on how a drug may affect the person using it and influence his or her personal life [25]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2004151874,"citingcorpusid":204975874,"citedcorpusid":17741319,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These are both suitable to test children with mental ages from three to seven years old and have been used across studies examining children’s cognitive switching (e.g., Carlson & Meltzoff, 2008; Kao, Nayak, Doan, & Tarulllo, 2018).","…linguistic conflict is believed to enhance these cognitive processes, and there is evidence demonstrating bilingual advantages in executive control from early childhood (e.g., Bialystok & Martin, 2004; Blumenfeld & Marian, 2014; Carlson & Meltzoff, 2008; Crivello et al., 2016; Dong & Li, 2015)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":804492169,"citingcorpusid":14290439,"citedcorpusid":154949894,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similarly, other studies highlighted the scarcity of studies that examine the relationship between the use of practices aimed at ecodesign and product portfolio performance (Brones and Carvalho 2015; Brook and Pagnanelli 2014; Dangelico and Pujari 2010; Pigosso et al. 2013).","In this sense, Johansson and Sundin (2014) recommended the extension of studies that address lean concepts in an integrated manner with those present in areas of environmental management such as ecodesign.","…2013; Herva et al., 2012; Kai et al. 2014; Vinodh and Rathod 2012; Wang et al. 2015), the integration of axiomatic design theory into ecodesign (Beng and Omar 2014; Kim et al. 2014), and the relationship between “lean” product development and “green” product development (Johansson and Sundin 2014)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":185405727,"citingcorpusid":3689748,"citedcorpusid":7368330,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["the challenges and obstacles of KM came from three major sources, the technological issues, the organizational issues and the individual issues [1], [4], [5],"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3299624716,"citingcorpusid":232411678,"citedcorpusid":82212051,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The General Time Reversible (GTR; Tavaré 1986) substitution model with a gamma distribution for among-site rate variation (G) was chosen for two partitions (matK, rbcL), the GTR without G for two partitions (atpB–rbcL, psbA–trnH), and the Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano (HKY; Hasegawa et al. 1985)…"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2301532876,"citingcorpusid":24740185,"citedcorpusid":10676114,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and emission of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PCNs during SAl processes have previously been studied in detail, and SAl has been found to be an important source of these chlorinated compounds (Chen et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2005; Li et al., 2007; Ba et al., 2010; Hu et al., 2014; Jiang et al., 2015).","Intensive studies of PCDD/F, PCB, and PCN emissions during SAl processes have been performed (Chen et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2005; Li et al., 2007; Ba et al., 2010; Hu et al., 2014; Jiang et al., 2015), but emissions of the toxic brominated analogs of these pollutants, particularly PBDD/Fs, have been investigated in few studies.","Ba et al. (Ba et al., 2009, 2010) measured PCDD/F, dioxin-like PCB, and PCN emissions from Chinese secondary aluminum metallurgical plants and estimated that the total amounts of PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs, and PCNs emitted to the atmosphere in 2007 were 7.3, 0.53, and 0.39 g toxic equivalents…","The formation and emission of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PCNs during SAl processes have previously been studied in detail, and SAl has been found to be an important source of these chlorinated compounds (Chen et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2005; Li et al., 2007; Ba et al., 2010; Hu et al., 2014; Jiang et al., 2015).","Fabric bag filters are widely used as air pollution control devices in Chinese SAl plants (Ba et al., 2010; Hu et al., 2013b; Jiang et al., 2015).","Intensive studies of PCDD/F, PCB, and PCN emissions during SAl processes have been performed (Chen et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2005; Li et al., 2007; Ba et al., 2010; Hu et al., 2014; Jiang et al., 2015), but emissions of the toxic brominated analogs of these pollutants, particularly PBDD/Fs, have…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2445657831,"citingcorpusid":9510570,"citedcorpusid":6151066,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In iris recognition, several approaches have been proposed for measuring iris image quality (Daugman, 2004, 2007; Zhou et al., 2009; Belcher and Du, 2008, 2009; Du et al., 2006, 2010a, 2010b; Du, 2006; Ives et al., 2010; Prabhakar et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1577046647,"citingcorpusid":135189510,"citedcorpusid":129088802,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The ground footprint of each laser shot has a diameter of approximately 70 m and an accuracy over flat surfaces of ±0.1 m with small variations due to snow surface properties (Shuman et al., 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3770918471,"citingcorpusid":202081690,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Leblois et al., 2016; Peeters et al., 2018], in the case of structure destruction we have almost no information on the mechanisms that resulted in the structure’s failure, because we still crudely lack insitu evaluation of project performance over time [Buchanan et al., 2014; Pinto et al., 2016].","Unfortunately, documented soil bioengineering structures (design, materials used, construction and eventually destruction dates, associated hydrology) are very scarce and field postproject surveys over long periods are clearly needed [Buchanan et al., 2014]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3806755362,"citingcorpusid":118484884,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["But in the most recent paper [16] it was shown that modification of the quasiparticles interaction potential at small distances dramatically changes the picture of phase transitions in graphene."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1800785682,"citingcorpusid":9085353,"citedcorpusid":154679701,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These results were broadly confirmed by a related study of Barrell and Holland (2000), based on industry-level data covering eleven manufacturing sectors in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. Other empirical evidence on the role of FDI in the catching-up process of transition economies has been less conclusive. For example, Mencinger (2003) applies a Granger causality test to aggregate data covering eight central and eastern European economies in the period 1994-2001.","These results were broadly confirmed by a related study of Barrell and Holland (2000), based on industry-level data covering eleven manufacturing sectors in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. Other empirical evidence on the role of FDI in the catching-up process of transition economies has been less conclusive. For example, Mencinger (2003) applies a Granger causality test to aggregate data covering eight central and eastern European economies in the period 1994-2001. The main finding is that the relationship between FDI and GDP growth is negative, which is attributed to the character of FDI during this period (mostly privatisation-related rather than greenfield investment). Hunya (1997) estimates that foreign-owned enterprises operating in the region have on average higher labour productivity than domestic firms, but notes that this may be related to the concentration of the former in more capital intensive industries.","These results were broadly confirmed by a related study of Barrell and Holland (2000), based on industry-level data covering eleven manufacturing sectors in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. Other empirical evidence on the role of FDI in the catching-up process of transition economies has been less conclusive. For example, Mencinger (2003) applies a Granger causality test to aggregate data covering eight central and eastern European economies in the period 1994-2001. The main finding is that the relationship between FDI and GDP growth is negative, which is attributed to the character of FDI during this period (mostly privatisation-related rather than greenfield investment). Hunya (1997) estimates that foreign-owned enterprises operating in the region have on average higher labour productivity than domestic firms, but notes that this may be related to the concentration of the former in more capital intensive industries. This hypothesis was confirmed by Djankov and Hoekman (2000), who use firm-level data from the Czech Republic and conclude that, after controlling for various kinds of selection biases, FDI does not seem to have a significant effect on productivity growth.","These results were broadly confirmed by a related study of Barrell and Holland (2000), based on industry-level data covering eleven manufacturing sectors in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland."],"intents":[["result"],["result"],["result"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":3679426869,"citingcorpusid":236820150,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Physical Chronic pain* Frailty* Joint inflammation and swelling* Muscle weakness** Increased risk for falling Joint instability Limited joint flexibility and joint stiffness Limited mobility and function* Obesity* Poor bone health* Poor endurance capacity* Poor posture Reduced balance capacity Mental Stress**, fatigue, sleep disturbances and lack of energy Sleep disturbances** Depression and anxiety** Lack of confidence in prevailing abilities to function, control pain** Feelings of helplessness** Social Reduced ability to work** Social isolation** Other High levels of comorbid health conditions.[1, 2, 15, 16]** Box1.","Consistently associated with varying degrees of intractable pain, joint stiffness and swelling as a result of associated damage to affected joint structure, the associated factors of obesity, and cardiovascular comorbidities that often accompany this disease [1, 2] render this group of older adults not only at heightened risk for premature morbidity and mortality in its own right, but also potentially for an increased risk of being affected by the novel and deadly corona virus [3].","2020 16 Unfortunately, despite the numerous and considerable challenges associated with osteoarthritis among the older population shown in Box 1, plus decades of related research, there is as yet, no effective safe pharmacologic remedy to limit or eliminate the symptoms of this condition [1, 2, 8]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1039329874,"citingcorpusid":103775566,"citedcorpusid":9995616,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[62] examined yttrium doped ceria and used Metropolis Monte Carlo in addition to the kMC to examine the effect of distribution of dopants on ionic conductivity.","One class of researchers used only the two atoms located directly in the path of the oxygen vacancy migrations [47, 100, 62].","[62] published results for cases 1, 2, and 3 for Lu, Y, Gd, Sm, Nd, and La as a dopant in the case of Kakayama and Y as a dopant in Grieshammer."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2580480977,"citingcorpusid":26660571,"citedcorpusid":43695012,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["33 The ZIP regression model involves a regression of membership in the two latent classes (the U bin of Potential Users versus the ∼U bin of Always Nonusers) upon covariates that can be constructed to reflect subgroups of importance in the genetic epidemiology of drug dependence, perhaps based upon (1) number of copies of an allele of substantive importance, (2) haplotype structure, (3) gene– gene combinations, (4) gene–protein combinations, (5) gene– or haplotype–environment combinations, and (6) environment–environment combinations.","All that is required is explanation of what is requested via an institutional review board–approved consent process, followed by the random draw and (1) completion of the brief survey form, (2) donation of the saliva specimen, and (3) if the participant wishes, mailing of the substudy materials back to a research office.",", (2) providing an anonymous saliva specimen in a bottle on which is recorded the same form number, and (3) using that same form number to log in to an Internet survey website for completion of a brief survey on additional topics."],"intents":[null,["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":787242603,"citingcorpusid":56448629,"citedcorpusid":97421271,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Inclusion complex formation with CDs is an approach to improve the aqueous solubility via molecular encapsulation of the drug within the cavity of the more soluble CD molecule [2, 21]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":787242536,"citingcorpusid":56448629,"citedcorpusid":98750704,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2-hydroxy propyl-β-CD (HP-β-CD) (Fig 1c), have also attracted growing interest due to their improved complexation efficiency, greater water solubility and less toxicity [3]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1679849479,"citingcorpusid":12594230,"citedcorpusid":27685292,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In quantitative studies, depending upon the conditions of carcinogen exposure, the majority of foci undergo phenotypic reversion, remain persistent, or increase in size, but do not develop into tumors (4, 7, 9, 10).","Rat altered foci have been demonstrated to display several enzyme histochemical abnormalities such as reduced activity of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Phase) (27, 28) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) (9, 10, 29) and reappearance of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity.","Evidence for the progression of a small fraction of foci to neoplastic nodules and carcinomas has been reported (7, 9-14)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1679849793,"citingcorpusid":12594230,"citedcorpusid":34849297,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The nodule has been considered for many years to be the precursor to carcinoma (3-6).","Among those for which evidence exists of a role in hepatocarcinogenesis are \"oval cell\" proliferation (1, 2), altered (hyperplastic) foci (3-5) and hyperplastic (neoplastic) nodules (3-6)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2469864538,"citingcorpusid":167535489,"citedcorpusid":167746220,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…1989), the\nwillingness of the owning family to keep control over the business and pass it on to the next generation (Litz 1995) or unique resources which arise from the interaction of the family and the business system\n(Habbershon et al. 2003) as main determinants for the essence of a family firm."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1651291812,"citingcorpusid":140227315,"citedcorpusid":205338620,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2547206266,"citingcorpusid":43438322,"citedcorpusid":33770548,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["as intermediate or paratenic hosts (Mace and Anderson, 1975; Measures and Anderson, 1985).","parasite (Mace and Anderson, 1975)."],"intents":[null,null]}
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{"citationid":1218688068,"citingcorpusid":132750687,"citedcorpusid":154019512,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For example, the area around the Aral Sea has been very dry since human history, but after urbanization the Aral Sea itself began to lose water as well (Micklin, 1988; Kotlyakov, 1991).","Urbanization can lead to a considerable variety of consequences for the runoff due to the conditions existing before the start of human development, as shown by Sternberg (1987), Micklin (1988) and Kotlyakov (1991).","Opposite to that, Micklin (1988) and Kotlyakov (1991) did their researches on the reduction of water in the Aral Sea.","Highly toxic chemical pesticides accumulate in drainage waters and eventually contaminate the local drinking water (Kotlyakov, 1991)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2584643850,"citingcorpusid":5564419,"citedcorpusid":41815547,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[7, 9]): y has a representing measure if and only if","The papers [7, 9, 12] describe various concrete existence theorems for representing measures based on flat extensions.","Subsequent to [7], the case M2(y) ≻ 0 has been open (cf."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2178551527,"citingcorpusid":148347615,"citedcorpusid":142390558,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A variety of studies (De Roos, 2006; De Roos et al., 2004; Dickie et al., 1997; Hertel and Donahue, 1995; Lawrence, 1997; Limke and Mayfield, 2011) have pointed to the strong\ncorrelation that exists between parental child-rearing practices and children’s images of God."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1719176183,"citingcorpusid":42710235,"citedcorpusid":20518161,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1153157374,"citingcorpusid":158006627,"citedcorpusid":144151602,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Equally important, however, are questions of who can speak and in what context(s) [77]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4055472332,"citingcorpusid":255865254,"citedcorpusid":22890016,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Detection [4, 42, 43] Various ML algorithms are applied to assist the diagnosis of TB while identifying the presence or absence of TB [4].","The CAD system based on deep learning algorithms is used to detect TB on CXR images accurately [42]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2361514887,"citingcorpusid":129502247,"citedcorpusid":122045160,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Following Osborn (1980), the turbulent diffusivity can be calculated by Kr 5 G /N 2, where G is the mixing efficiency, is the dissipation rate (Wkg21), and N2 5 (2g/r0)(›r/›z) is the squared buoyancy frequency.","We use a mixing efficiency of 0.2 (Osborn 1980) and density and buoyancy frequency profiles taken from the spatial and temporal mean from the model."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3097163771,"citingcorpusid":29400374,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Such is the case in, e.g., patients with strong compulsive symptoms (Kragh (1955) p. 43).","In order to try to solve the problem posed by Bruner CP: Postman it may prove helpful to introduce the concept of reconstruction (Kragh (1955) pp. 61-72).","…seem to have relatively low thresholds for formal stimulus properties (e.g., sex and age when photos of persons are exposed to them by the tachistoscope) and high thresholds for “concrete” or “emotionally laden” properties of the same stimulus (e.g., faces of persons; Kragh (1955) pp. 199-204).","This is, in short, how the actual-genetic theory of perception tries to account for the “continuity of motif” (cf. Kragh (1955) pp. 38, 66-67, 72 and 231-234).","& A. Freud and others and, second, experiments performed within the frame of the actual-genetic model of perception-personality (Rragh ( 1955 and 1959a-c), Smith (1949,1956,1957a-c), Smith & Henriksson (1955,1956), Smith & Kragh (1955), Smith & Nyman (1959) ).","Such a standpoint cannot be reconciled with the established facts of developmental “continuity” of percepts (Kragh ( 1955) pp. 67-68, 92- 94, 231-235; Smith & Henriksson (1955 and 1956) ) ."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1059162809,"citingcorpusid":108293554,"citedcorpusid":2441814,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The cohort included three subgroups of patients: (1) 139 patients with different types of neuropathies [41 had idiopathic sensory neuropathy, 49 chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), 18 paraneoplastic neuropathy associated with tumors other than lung, and 31 anti-MAG positive monoclonal gammopathy; this subgroup was included because SOX2 autoantibodies have been described in patients with paraproteinemias (11)]; (2) 30 patients with paraneoplastic LEMS, PCD, or other PNS and SCLC with SOX1 autoantibodies that had been initially tested by an avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique on nitrocellulose filters containing purified phage plaques expressing SOX1 (these patients were included in the initial study that reported the characterization and clinical value of SOX1 autoantibodies) (3); and (3) 41 patients referred to our laboratory for analysis of onconeural antibodies and whose serum showed the presence of SOX1 autoantibodies by CBA."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3772568271,"citingcorpusid":210266301,"citedcorpusid":102895401,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["They have seen that using biodiesel deteriorated performance and emission parameters except CO. Rajak and Verma [14] presented the effects of edible and non-edible vegetable oil, animal fats, waste oil and alcohol in CI engine.","Rajak, U., Verma, T.N., ‘’Effect of Emission from Ethylic Biodiesel of Edible and Non-edible Vegetable Oil, Animal Fats, Waste Oil and Alcohol ib CI engine’’, Energy Conversion and Management, 166, 704-718, (2018).","Rajak and Verma [14] presented the effects of edible and non-edible vegetable oil, animal fats, waste oil and alcohol in CI engine."],"intents":[null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":4055505310,"citingcorpusid":256603164,"citedcorpusid":13854115,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Synthesis methods for the generation of an aerosol, including flame pyrolysis [1], furnace pyrolysis [2], spray pyrolysis [3], colloids [4], hot filament[5,6], electrospray [7], evaporation/condensation[8], and the spark discharge generator (SDG) [9], and others [10]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1829080745,"citingcorpusid":125035009,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The electron diffraction pattern in figure 4-2(c) shows rings that indicate that the wire is polycrystalline ([64], chapter 18)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":539151451,"citingcorpusid":54022761,"citedcorpusid":20843879,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…practice (Kroger et al 1992a, Kroger et al 1992b, Truscott et al 1993, Lofman et al 1997, Hadjidakis et al 1997, Mazess et al 1999, Maalouf et al 2000, Dougherty et al 2001, Boonen et al 2003, Cvijetic et al 2004, Goemaere et al 2007, Ribom et al 2008, Kaptoge et al 2008, Omsland et al 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1518797722,"citingcorpusid":154066502,"citedcorpusid":145264630,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similarly, Connor and Lagares (2007) provided 25 instructional strategies for social studies teachers to use that","…and instructional recommendations for students with autism (e.g., Dahle & Gargiulo, 2004; Harrower & Dunlap, 2001; Mastergeorge, 2007; Safran, 2002) as well as access to the general curriculum for students with various other disabilities (Connor & Lagares, 2007;\n20\nGodek, 2008; Worrel, 2008).","Similarly, Connor and Lagares (2007) provided 25 instructional strategies for social studies teachers to use that\n21\nimprove access to the general curriculum and success on state assessments for included high school students with disabilities."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":82563386,"citingcorpusid":28169168,"citedcorpusid":21867005,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1690944875,"citingcorpusid":3744490,"citedcorpusid":206207770,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, NKT cells may not be so potent as NK cells during liver regeneration, which was indicated by the fact that CD1d-/- or Jα281-/- mice showed similar regenerating rate compared with WT mice after partial hepatectomy [60, 70].","The retarding effect of IFN-γ on liver regeneration was thought to be mediated by antiproliferative proteins such as STAT1, IRF-1, and p21cip1/ waf1 in the hepatocytes [60].","Moreover, liver regeneration was enhanced in IFN-γ deficient mice [60, 61]."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1199988285,"citingcorpusid":195345570,"citedcorpusid":35431463,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["which are relevant to the classification of the solutions (see [28, 29] for more on this)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":137290678,"citingcorpusid":21052151,"citedcorpusid":86406021,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Because of their toxic effects at high concentration, Na+ and Cl− are mainly directed towards the vacuole whereas K+ and organic solutes are accumulated as compatible solutes in the cytoplasm (Kirst 1990).","Because of their toxic effects at high concentration, Na and Cl are mainly directed towards the vacuole whereas K and organic solutes are accumulated as compatible solutes in the cytoplasm (Kirst 1990)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":383951504,"citingcorpusid":51879308,"citedcorpusid":31042169,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[14] recorded performance for reputation and studied how to assemble teams of participants through intelligent task allocation.","Generally, the existing incentive mechanisms for participatory sensing can be roughly divided into two categories [7]: the bargaining-based incentive [6], [8]–[11] and the reputation-based incentive [12]– [14]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1578814194,"citingcorpusid":3550654,"citedcorpusid":31575085,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…atherosclerosis are the retention of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) (Skalen et al., 2002), endothelial dysfunction (Davignon and Ganz, 2004), oxidative stress (Witztum, 1994), inflammation (Libby, 2002; Ross, 1999) and immune system defects (Fernández-Ruiz, 2016; Little, Chait, and Bobik, 2011).","(Libby, 2002; Ross, 1999) and immune system defects (Fernández-Ruiz, 2016; Little, Chait, & Bobik, 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1596610116,"citingcorpusid":169010993,"citedcorpusid":168279405,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Lemon and Verhoef (2016) state that the impact of the post-purchase satisfaction can inform future experiences.","…are becoming more prevalent in the retail industry (Pousttchi & Hufenbach, 2014; Watson, Worm, Palmatier, & Ganesan, 2015) coupled with greater customer relationship management (Lemon & Verhoef, 2016) as retailers use real-time analytics through streaming technology (Gandomi & Haider, 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1596609660,"citingcorpusid":169010993,"citedcorpusid":27802701,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Data-driven strategies are becoming more prevalent in the retail industry (Pousttchi & Hufenbach, 2014; Watson, Worm, Palmatier, & Ganesan, 2015) coupled with greater customer relationship management (Lemon & Verhoef, 2016) as retailers use real-time analytics through streaming technology (Gandomi…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":923003336,"citingcorpusid":32721903,"citedcorpusid":773870,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In the model presented here, hepatic mRNA levels of HMOX1 were significantly induced by p,p’-DDT, similar to what was observed with o,p’- DDT (Kiyosawa et al., 2008b).","Exposure to this pesticide is also associated with oxidative stress, one of the intracellular imbalances that is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance (Kiyosawa et al., 2008a).","These results are in agreement with those of other authors, who showed that rodents exhibited negligible histopathology with rapid o,p’-DDT metabolism (Kiyosawa et al., 2008a; Kiyosawa et al., 2008b).","On the contrary, (Kiyosawa et al., 2008a), using C57BL/6 mice treated with 300 µg/g o,p’-DDT and comparing the results of their study to those of Sprague-Dawley rat data, reported that mouse CAR mRNA levels decreased."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["result"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":841061207,"citingcorpusid":13178787,"citedcorpusid":29136094,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Markers linked in repulsion to the bc-3 gene have been identified (Haley et al., 1994a; Johnson et al., 1997), but direct screening with strains of BCMNV is still required to confirm the presence of the bc-3 gene.","Both genes condition a hypersensitive reaction, Pse-3 to Psp Races 3 and 4 and I gene to all strains of BCMNV and certain strains of BCMV expressing temperature-sensitive necrosis.","Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV)\nBean common mosaic virus and BCMNV are the most common and destructive potyviruses known to infect\ncommon bean worldwide (Drijfhout, 1978; McKern et al., 1992).","Bean breeders recognize that the combination of the dominant I gene with recessive bc resistance genes offers durability over single gene resistance to BCMV and BCMNV, since the two types of genes have distinctly different mechanisms of resistance (Kelly, 1997).","Necrotic strains evolved more recently in the African continent (Spence & Walkey, 1995) as recombination between strains of BCMV and BCMNV has been reported (Larsen et al., 2005).","Clearly gene pyramiding is a workable strategy in breeding beans for virus resistance as the various resistance genes that reside on different linkage groups provide contrasting modes of resistance patterns to the diverse strains of BCMV and BCMNV (Kelly et al., 1995, 2003)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1890737056,"citingcorpusid":4671882,"citedcorpusid":1983913,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…regulatory sequences derived from TEs are conserved across different vertebrate lineages (Lowe et al. 2007) and are responsible for evolutionary innovation (Levis et al. 1993; Van de Lagemaat et al. 2003; Lowe et al. 2007; Lindblad-Toh et al. 2011; Jurka et al. 2012; Kokošar and Kordiš 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":288636376,"citingcorpusid":16995797,"citedcorpusid":125731243,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["NASS is currently using calibration for this purpose, where this model is implicit (see Kott [3]).","5 Similar models have been employed in Kott [3] and Garren and Chang [2].","Some would argue that V̂ ar(β̂) is already a total-variance estimator because the AFS sample design is closer to stratified random cluster sampling without replacement (see Kott [4])."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":1649036846,"citingcorpusid":206377444,"citedcorpusid":206375800,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, increased muscle PDK4 expression downregulates the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), leading to an impairment of muscle carbohydrate oxidation at rest and during contraction (Constantin et al. 2007; Constantin-Teodosiu et al. 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2330068088,"citingcorpusid":11882223,"citedcorpusid":21393890,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In general, these studies found support for an association between attachment insecurity and poorer self-reported sleep quality [24–26,28,29,32].","Approximately equal numbers of studies have found attachment avoidance [24,26,28,29,32] and attachment anxiety [24–26,32] to be related to self-reported sleep problems, with three obtaining significant findings regarding both forms of insecurity [24,26,32].","Three studies examined clinical populations, including womenwith recurrent major depression [30], military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and sleep disturbances [31], and breast cancer survivors [32].","Nonetheless, the current findings are clearly consistent with the majority of past studies that have found one or more forms of attachment insecurity to be associated with selfreports of sleep problems [24–26,28,29,32]."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":2596194797,"citingcorpusid":56589397,"citedcorpusid":6384865,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Unlike TwigStack [1] or iTwigJoin-TL [ 4 ] , there are a great number of intermediate paths.","To access elements effectively, path summary is used to create all kinds of structural indexes over XML documents to avoid scanning unnecessary elements [17−18] . Recently, Chen and Ling have combined containment labels and XML indexing to develop streaming schemes [ 4 ] .","algorithms are based on region encoding, and the data come from [ 4 ]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":841076953,"citingcorpusid":18269015,"citedcorpusid":7855314,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The majority of individuals with KS also exhibit some degree of cognitive deficits, including impaired memory (Fales et al., 2003; Geschwind et al., 1998) and executive function (Geschwind, Boone, Miller, & Swerdloff, 2000; Kompus et al.","The majority of individuals with KS also exhibit some degree of cognitive deficits, including impaired memory (Fales et al., 2003; Geschwind et al., 1998) and executive function (Geschwind, Boone, Miller, & Swerdloff, 2000; Kompus et al., 2011; Lee et al., 2011), which may have profound, adverse…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":603628864,"citingcorpusid":56419592,"citedcorpusid":24365339,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[12] Oil pulling therapy is very effective against plaque induced gingivitis both in the clinical and microbiological assessment.[42,43] Study showed that oil-pulling therapy could reduce the plaque index, modify gingival scores and the total oral bacteria count in gingivitis patients.","Total colony count of aerobic microorganisms in the plaque of adolescents also decreases.[42] According to Prakash et al 2014, Trifala mouth rinse shows significant result in anti-cariogenic property and reduction in gingivitis and periodontitis."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2421532636,"citingcorpusid":195345104,"citedcorpusid":92860303,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The CTRWmeanwhile has been applied to a large variety of problems including charge transport in disordered systems [57], the stochastic processes in protein folding [5], the dynamics of chemical reactions [61], glass phenomenology [43], transport phenomena in low dimensional chaotic systems [27, 60] and generally in anomalous transport models [1, 26]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1200618750,"citingcorpusid":195345104,"citedcorpusid":126060140,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The notion of Continuous Time Random Walk - CTRW was coined by Scher and Lax [56] who launched in this way the field of ‘anomalous transport’ [58].","8) is the celebrated Montroll-Weiss formula [44, 56, 58] and is of utmost importance in a wide range of fields.","For general outlines and historical developments of the CTRW we refer to the references [28, 58].","Introduction A characteristic feature in many complex systems are non-exponential time patterns with asymptotic power-law behavior as occurring for instance in anomalous transport and diffusion phenomena [19, 27, 36, 53, 58, 65] (and many others)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3799560157,"citingcorpusid":68311271,"citedcorpusid":71666380,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A similar increase in the standard deviation of latent periods of tumors induced by higher dilutions of carcinogenic compounds has been noted by Dunning, Curtis, and Wood (18), and Bryan and Shimkin (10)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2956591192,"citingcorpusid":145675588,"citedcorpusid":155171402,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
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{"citationid":2185754640,"citingcorpusid":158531967,"citedcorpusid":153745733,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…of land managed for multiple rotations to “furnish” (supply wood) to a mill—as was the case for most large firms during much of the twentieth century—TIMOs and REITs manage land primarily to increase returns to their investors, particularly in the form of asset price appreciation (Gunnoe 2014).","Weyerhaeuser became the last major firm in the industry to restructure when it announced its decision to convert to a REIT in early 2010, bringing this historic chapter of landownership transformation to a close (Gunnoe 2014).","Over the past three decades some 50 million acres of timberland valued at over $40 billion has changed ownership or ownership type, the largest transfer of landownership in the United States to occur over the past century (Bliss et al. 2010; Gunnoe 2014).","As a result of this divestiture and restructuring, direct connection between ownership of land and manufacture of forest products has been severed for the large publicly traded corporations that historically have dominated the forest products industry (Gunnoe 2014).","Financialization of the U.S. economy affected both supply and demand for timberland ownership (Gunnoe 2014).","Although financialization of real estate is often viewed primarily as an urban phenomenon, there is now increasing attention being paid to the financialization of rural land markets as well (Fairbairn 2014; Gunnoe 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3635108530,"citingcorpusid":245444133,"citedcorpusid":15997645,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although these are more effective and display lower toxicity compared with traditional chemotherapy [16], they have not produced a substantial increase in the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastatic (Stage IV) CRC, which is still less than 10% [17]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1649998631,"citingcorpusid":56483508,"citedcorpusid":35104658,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["By measuring the backscatter of infrared light, the device generates highresolution (within 4microns) cross-sectional images of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) (22)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3235591297,"citingcorpusid":231613879,"citedcorpusid":35338793,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["RECK is a newly discovered MMPs inhibitor and it has been proven that RECK can inhibit the expression of many MMPs, such as\nHI ST\nOL OG\nY AN\nD HI\nST OP\nAT HO\nLO GY\n(no n-e\ndit ed\nm an\nus cri\npt)\nMT1-MMP, MMP-2 and MMP-9, at the post-transcription level, thus affecting ECM degradation, tumor invasion, metastasis and neovascularization (Noda et al., 2003; Meng et al., 2008).","Besides, matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) are the major enzymes for degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and they are able to degrade almost all components of ECM (Decock et al., 2011), which could damage the connective tissue matrix to cause tumor invasion, as well as tumor blood and lymph metastasis through the interaction between tumor cells and ECM (Sund et al., 2004; Fink and Boratynski, 2012).",", 2011), which could damage the connective tissue matrix to cause tumor invasion, as well as tumor blood and lymph metastasis through the interaction between tumor cells and ECM (Sund et al., 2004; Fink and Boratynski, 2012).","For cell transfection, SCC-15 and OECM1 cells were seeded in 6-well plate and cultured until the cell density reached 70%-80%.","Compared with miR-590-5p inhibitor group, miR590-5p inhibitor + si-RECK group was elevated in proliferative ability (SCC-15: P < 0.001; OECM1: P < 0.001) and more than 3-fold reduced in cell apoptosis rate (SCC-15: P < 0.001; OEC-M1: P = 0.003).","…and they are able to degrade almost all components of ECM (Decock et al., 2011), which could damage the connective tissue matrix to cause tumor invasion, as well as tumor blood and lymph metastasis through the interaction between tumor cells and ECM (Sund et al., 2004; Fink and Boratynski, 2012).","Besides, cells in the miR-590-5p inhibitor +\nHI ST\nOL OG\nY AN\nD HI\nST OP\nAT HO\nLO GY\n(no n-e\ndit ed\nm an\nus cri\npt)\nsi-RECK group showed apparently more obvious migration (SCC-15: 1.17 fold, P = 0.003; OECM1: 2.15 fold, P = 0.006) and invasion (SCC-15: 1.97 fold, P = 0.001; OEC-M1: 1.95 fold, P = 0.002) than cells of miR-590-5p inhibitor group."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null,null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3790488850,"citingcorpusid":249669531,"citedcorpusid":4789962,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This moral-hazard effect is identified in partial equilibrium frameworks by Davies and Kuhn (1992), Philipson and Becker (1998), Sheshinsky (2008), and Kuhn et al. (2015), but we examine how it percolates through the economy.","In fact, Kuhn et al. (2015) examine the relationship between the endogenous choices of healthcare and retirement age in a partial equilibrium analysis and find that moral hazard due to unconditioned annuities leads to both excessive healthcare expenditures and an excessive duration of the working life.","In fact, Kuhn et al. (2015) examine the relationship between the endogenous choices of healthcare and retirement age in a partial equilibrium analysis and find that moral hazard due to unconditioned annuities leads to both excessive healthcare expenditures and an excessive duration of the working…","In fact, Kuhn et al. (2015) examine the relationship between the endogenous choices of healthcare and retirement age in a partial equilibrium analysis and find that moral hazard due to unconditioned annuities leads to both excessive healthcare expenditures and an excessive duration of the working life. In addition, the official retirement age might also increase with higher average life expectancy. 36This is particularly true if pension systems rely on unconditioned annuity claims. Zhao (2014) shows in a quantitative general equilibrium neoclassical growth model calibrated to US data that one-third of the increase in US healthcare expenditures between 1950 and 2000 can be attributed to the increase in social securities over the same time horizon."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1631207662,"citingcorpusid":137258732,"citedcorpusid":135733782,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, some of the biocomposites already marketed in Malaysia, like Melsom Biodegradable Enterprise made eco-friendly tableware from rice husk-based thermoplastic biocomposites material.(7) In our previous studies, coconut shell and corn cob was introduced to polylactic acid thermoplastic to produce ecopackaging and ecotableware materials."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":71184000,"citingcorpusid":654379,"citedcorpusid":26005203,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This can be achieved by adding FB1, a specific inhibitor of the acyl-CoA-dependent ceramide synthases (Wu et al., 1995)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":160942696,"citingcorpusid":12988000,"citedcorpusid":6168992,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…ff ness matrices obtained by DGFEM become ill-conditioned and dense for higher order DG elements (Ayuso & Marini, 2009), several preconditioners are developed for 15 the e ffi cient and accurate solution of linear di ff usion-convection equations (Antonietti & S¨uli, 2009; Georgoulis & Loghin, 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2710035635,"citingcorpusid":24590859,"citedcorpusid":4337955,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["DNA sequences with high potential for forming an alternate DNA structure, Z-DNA, are found frequently throughout the mammalian genome (6, 39)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1960974655,"citingcorpusid":149523444,"citedcorpusid":142881147,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the Canadian, American, and other settlercolonial contexts for instance, land use and property law is about creating and reinforcing social and economic value, yes, but value according to a properly propertied Anglo-Liberal-Democratic (read: white) norm (Weaver 1979; Harris 1993; Davies 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1960974875,"citingcorpusid":149523444,"citedcorpusid":126757311,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["They are also contested through the\nextra-legal and autonomous deployment of alternative uses such as squatting and the occupation of land, whether they be Indigenous-led or not (Roy 2003; Blomley 2004; Vasudevan 2015a, 2015b).","Interventions of this nature recognize that land use planning has a distinctly legal foundation and that land use law operates on the specific geography of the property parcel (see Blomley 2004).","Such an approach has been applied in productive and expansive ways by other scholars, and we are particularly inspired by the work of Blomley (1998, 2004) and Valverde (2005, 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3793730548,"citingcorpusid":20354721,"citedcorpusid":22253459,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, other acute intervention studies have found no impact of HCO3 on sprint performance [112], power output and fatigue [113], or resistance exercise performance [114]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":926823575,"citingcorpusid":18653196,"citedcorpusid":16496599,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2014;34(6):367-77.","Support Care Cancer 2007;15(6):597-601.","Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2014;14(6):1-11.","Erratum in: Altern Ther Health Med 2012;18(6):79."],"intents":[null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":2240814999,"citingcorpusid":145765852,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Compared to men, they have more child care responsibilities (Bloom, 1995), fewer job skills and less or no work experience (Koons, Burrow, Morash, & Bynum, 1997), and more significant problems with substance abuse (Langan & Pelissier, 2001; Peters, Strozier, Murrin, & Kearns, 1997)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3996392048,"citingcorpusid":254267790,"citedcorpusid":248543566,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Different from lotic and lentic habitats, peatlands are wetland environments resulting from the accumulation of detrital remains from plants (Temmink et  al., 2022).","Due to the isolation of hummock-hollow microtopography within peatlands and the lack of\nhydrological connectivity between peatlands (Temmink et  al., 2022), steep environmental gradients of WTD, pH and conductivity create diverse habitats for diatom growth (Poulíčková et  al., 2013; Chen et  al.,…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3365452492,"citingcorpusid":235455979,"citedcorpusid":78490535,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Xu [36] outlines teaching strategies for professors, which have an important effect on student’s motivation.","Problem-based learning is widely used to teach a relatively complex or messy problem that has a broad connection with basic knowledge and clinical experience, such as heart failure or pneumonia [18, 23, 36]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2831714234,"citingcorpusid":196399996,"citedcorpusid":22237830,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, perhaps most importantly, 3DCRT allows one to use multiple imaging studies to define macroscopic tumor volumes, which can reduce the chance of missing the tumor.(19) These technologies should allow higher radiation doses to be given safely than was thought possible previously."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":832349987,"citingcorpusid":42493120,"citedcorpusid":26519873,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["With the help of provided proper normative data, navigated as well as also nonnavigated TMS devices could be applied when studying more focal neurologic disorders such as TMS studies revealing the neurophysiologic mechanisms in cerebral plasticity after stroke (Butler and Wolf, 2007), and identifying focal epileptogenic cortex (Valentin et al., 2008).","…as well as also nonnavigated TMS devices could be applied when studying more focal neurologic disorders such as TMS studies revealing the neurophysiologic mechanisms in cerebral plasticity after stroke (Butler and Wolf, 2007), and identifying focal epileptogenic cortex (Valentin et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3667888849,"citingcorpusid":9423253,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Raising the level of Ca and P in the diet had no significant effect on length or breadth of the ulnar or tibia1 epiphysis at the end of 3 weeks on experiment or at 25 lb live weight (Table 3), or on the regression of epiphysial size on log,, live weight (Blair et al. 1963).","Removal and preparation of the skeleton was as described by Blair et al. (1963).","The relationship between epiphysial size and live weight was found to be the same as that established previously for suckled piglets (Blair et al. 1963), although it might have been expected that growth in the size of the epiphyses would be slower in mineral-deficient piglets.","…5 , the first two ribs and the last two ribs from one side, all the ribs from the other side, the sacrum, radius, humerus, femur, the total fore limb, total hind limb and the remainder of the skeleton were analysed for ash content and ash composition by the methods described by Blair et al. (1963)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["result"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":88592540,"citingcorpusid":51446336,"citedcorpusid":119719345,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["25 (1967) [10] C. W. Oseen, Neuere Methoden und Ergebnisse in der Hydrodynamik, Leipzig, 1927 [11] W. E. Williams, Boundary effects in Stokes flow, J. Fluid Mech.","This method has been recently extended by Williams [11].","32 (1909)\n'Note added in proof: The author's attention has been drawn to the paper by W. E. Williams, Quart."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":332269015,"citingcorpusid":17698298,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The symptoms represent the change of observed parameters in relation on a normal state of the system and indicate a possibility of system faults, and can be classified [1], [11]: - analytical; residual changes that have surpassed fault detection, - heuristic; observations or measurements of experts and heuristic facts based on expert's experience and - statistical symptoms; fault frequency, no fault time and fault duration time.","Then, the rules could be given in the form [1], [6].","However, despite the presentation form of relations between symptoms and faults their relation is generally expressed as follows [1], [8]: { } v F,S,V,r DFS = (1."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2658090198,"citingcorpusid":17982855,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Index Terms— Encoder Optimization, Scalable Video Coding, Rate Control, Fast Mode Decision.","The value of QP1,b can also be determined by the method provided in Section 3.1.","A performance index for the encoder optimization of SVC is provided in Section 2 and it is used to study the rate control and fast mode decision at the base layer and the base layer selection at enhancement layer in Section 3.","Besides those problems mentioned in Sections 3.1 and 3.2, another interesting problem for the encoder optimization of SVC is the selection of base layer for the inter-layer prediction schemes [8].","The scenario of four layers given in Section 3.3 is tested on video sequences Bus, City, Crew, Foreman and Soccer.","Experimental results are given in Section 4 to show the effectiveness of the proposed base layer selection scheme.","Finally, several concluding remarks are listed in Section 5.","Besides the available coding technologies for single-layer video coding [2], key parts of the proposed SVC method are inter-layer prediction schemes [3][4]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3865172262,"citingcorpusid":21059570,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although acute exposure to EGF clearly activates NHE function via protein phosphorylation (18, 24, 25, 32, 34, 52), the role of chronic exposure to EGF on NHE expression is unknown.","Other studies indicated that EGF increases NHE activity by posttranslational modification of NHE proteins (18, 24, 25, 32, 34, 52).","Several of these studies showed that the increase in NHE activity induced by acute exposure to EGF is mediated by protein phosphorylation mechanisms (18, 24, 25, 32, 34, 52)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3280207790,"citingcorpusid":232047360,"citedcorpusid":143433692,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Among EVs, exosomes have been associated with the establishment and maintenance of the TME through cancer-associated differentiation and immunomodulation [9, 10].","Higher levels of exosomal PD-L1 correlate to a highly immunosuppressive tumor able to reach distant tissues, which is by itself an indicator of late-stage and poor prognosis [2, 10]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3434055816,"citingcorpusid":237328441,"citedcorpusid":14300607,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is due to the fact that the PCR primers used for ABL1 amplification also amplify the target sequence from the BCR-ABL1 fusion transcript, while the use of GUSB as a control gene or performing a parallel assessment of ABL1 and GUSB could improve the reliability of the results [18,45,46].","a on the International Scale (IS) [18] b from IRIS baseline representing the median value of BCR-ABL1/BCR present at diagnosis [44] c numbers of ABL1 transcripts in the same volume of cDNA used to test for BCR-ABL1 d CCyR—complete cytogenetic remission, e MMR/MR3—major molecular response, f MR4—undetectable disease in cDNA with >10,000 ABL1 transcripts, g MR4,5—undetectable disease in cDNA with >32,000 ABL1 transcripts, h MR5—undetectable disease in cDNA with >100,000 ABL1 transcripts, i minimal sensitivity for accurate quantification [49], j GUSB—beta glucuronidase.",", promoting the active conformation of the enzyme [18]."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2696452548,"citingcorpusid":25647004,"citedcorpusid":40351694,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ies using sucrose density gradients have shown that isoproterenol stimulates Gs and Gi protein endocytosis in rat adipocytes [30] and S49 lymphoma cells [31]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":4047013380,"citingcorpusid":256213483,"citedcorpusid":1618562,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The works of [15], [16] presents the development and evaluation of mobile autonomous micro-robots, 2.6 mm in diameter by 2.1 mm in height, that allow both data encoding through positioning and color."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1034987232,"citingcorpusid":96437607,"citedcorpusid":12701882,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", LIDAR and stereo or RGB-D cameras) [5], [6], [13], [18]– [22].","In particular, the MeshDOG [19], Salient Points [20], Laplace-Beltrami Scale Space [21], and Heat Kernel Signature [22] detectors require a mesh surface to be fitted to the point cloud."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":569775122,"citingcorpusid":55982549,"citedcorpusid":6952531,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Such elliptic curves are called anomalous, and an attack on anomalous elliptic curves was proposed independently by Smart [32], Semaev [28] and Satoh-Araki [26]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3942908042,"citingcorpusid":10685415,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Moreover selection of microbial strains that utilize a cheaper and more abundant lignocellulosic biomass as a carbon source as well as selection of more efficient fermentation strategies may make PHB production more feasible and cost effective [7,10].","Direct carbon sources such as glucose, sucrose, and xylose have been widely used in PHB production [7,8].","Some researchers reported utilization of acetate, butyrate, propionate, and valerate as precursors of different types of PHAs production purposes [7,8]."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1150090629,"citingcorpusid":158672302,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A recent study by Allaire and Barr (2) was not included in Gibson's review."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3816059687,"citingcorpusid":155665422,"citedcorpusid":152567009,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", cancer or diabetes), the suggested method of health economists to better understand drivers of health care expenditures and the returns to spending (Berndt et al., 2000).","These MCE indexes redefine output in the health care sector as the treatment of disease (e.g., cancer or diabetes), the suggested method of health economists to better understand drivers of health care expenditures and the returns to spending (Berndt et al., 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2794991826,"citingcorpusid":24971261,"citedcorpusid":152567009,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…imperfect decision making, and nonstandard financial incentives are all common in the pharmaceutical sector, and all inconsistent with the model of consumer behavior that guarantees a relationship between the relative price and the relative value of goods purchased (Berndt et al. 2000).","Asymmetric information, imperfect decision making, and nonstandard financial incentives are all common in the pharmaceutical sector, and all inconsistent with the model of consumer behavior that guarantees a relationship between the relative price and the relative value of goods purchased (Berndt et al. 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1071527266,"citingcorpusid":125266904,"citedcorpusid":119692513,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[12] G. Herglotz, Über einen dirichletschen satz, Math.","Brown and Parry determined this list using techniques of Herglotz [12] who gives a formula","There are exactly 47 such fields and they are given by Q(√a1, √ a2) where the pairs (a1, a2) appear in the following table:\n(a1, a2) (a1, a2) (a1, a2) (a1, a2) (a1, a2)\n(-1,2) (2,-3) (-3,5) (-7,5) (-11,17) (-1,3) (2,-11) (-3,-7) (-7,-11) (-11,-19) (-1,5) (-2,-3) (-3,-11) (-7,13) (-11,-67) (-1,7) (-2,5) (-3,17) (-7,-19) (-11,-163)\n(-1,11) (-2,-7) (-3,-19) (-7,-43) (-19,-67) (-1,13) (-2,-11) (-3,41) (-7,61) (-19,-163) (-1,19) (-2,-19) (-3,-43) (-7,-163) (-43,-67) (-1,37) (-2,29) (-3,-67) (-43,-163) (-1,43) (-2,-43) (-3,89) (-67,-163) (-1,67) (-2,-67) (-3,-163)\n(-1,163)\nBrown and Parry determined this list using techniques of Herglotz [12] who gives a formula\nthat relates the class number of a biquadratic number field to that of its quadratic subfields, along with some other parameters."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":2213699759,"citingcorpusid":220323040,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It can be said that it is a form of mobility intelligence (Nićin, 2000).","Most authors agree that coordination means ability of human to coordinately and efficiently control the movements of his body, especially in newer more complex and unpredictable situations (Gajić, 1985; Kukolj, 1986; Nićin, 2000; Stojiljković, 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3336768422,"citingcorpusid":234268966,"citedcorpusid":148434612,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These results can be usefully compared to studies assessing the convergence between physiological and self-report measures of flow: across a range of psychophysiological studies (Barros et al. 2018; Bian et al. 2016; Chin and Kales 2019; Kivikangas 2006; Mansfield et al. 2012; Peifer 2012; Peifer et al. 2014; Stoll and Pithan 2016; Tozman et al. 2015, 2017), the median observed correlation between physiological and self-report measures was in the 0.","2014; Stoll and Pithan 2016; Tozman et al."],"intents":[["result"],null]}
{"citationid":3895963213,"citingcorpusid":251891334,"citedcorpusid":207240299,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, with some notable exceptions (see for example, Barnett 1981; Brantingham 2018; Fajnzylber et al. 2002; Farrell and Pease 2003; Gibson and Kim 2008; Levitt 1998; Martin and Legault 2005; Neumayer 2005; Pepper et al. 2010; Pudney et al. 2000; Vollaard and Hamed 2012), researchers have…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1721148777,"citingcorpusid":209376522,"citedcorpusid":120948747,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["T convergence of T is not surprising in view of e.g. Kim and Pollard (1990)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":2346038559,"citingcorpusid":123474594,"citedcorpusid":120948747,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Horowitz (1992) introduced a kernel function to the maximized score function, which allowed to achieve asymptotic normality of estimates, whereas Kim and Pollard (1990) showed that the version of Manski provided non-normal asymptotic distributions.","In case of a non-smooth variant the asymptotic distribution in non normal as it was proved by Kim and Pollard (1990) and in case of a smooth formulation the asymptotic distribution is normal as proved by Horowitz (1992)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1018617949,"citingcorpusid":85875410,"citedcorpusid":40078442,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Thompson et al. (1983) reported a negative effect of absolute calf size on calf mortality in primiparous cows.","When original solutions for inbreeding depression (SM) were compared to test-day estimates for the corresponding inbreeding level from study of Thompson et al. (2000), the current estimates were considerably smaller for each respective breed. However, the values from Thompson et al. (2000) were not peak test-day measurements, but represented values collected across the whole lactation period, which may have influenced the solutions for inbreeding depression. Results from the present study confirmed that magnitude of inbreeding depression in SM was greatly dependent on the average production level. As a result, estimates from later lactations and from the Holstein breed were, in principal, larger and more significant, despite slightly reduced average inbreeding. The same conclusion was reached by Thompson et al. (2000). In general, estimates of inbreeding depression reported previously in numerous literature sources followed a pattern associated with increasing mean level of production over time.","These analyses were performed because genetic evaluations are routinely conducted for separate age groups and also because we anticipated that influence of inbreeding will be the greatest in the most recently born cows as reported in previous research by Thompson et al. (2000). Separate analyses of each trait were run with herd-year-season (HYS) effects treated fixed or random.","Estimating inbreeding depression from cows by lactation number was considered desirable, since important age effect on production traits was previously reported by Thompson et al. (2000) but also because genetic evaluations frequently include animals from early lactations. Permanent environmental and age group effects were therefore excluded from the model where a single record per animal was used only. Three generations of pedigree were used to construct the numerator relationship matrix. Convergence criterion of 10 was applied during the preliminary run; however, 10 was used for the final run of MTDFREML was preferred in all analyses. Solutions for inbreeding covariate were expected to be small, but positive for DTS, since inbreeding is expected to cause biological disadvantage in post-partum females against a return to regular cycling. Estimate for inbreeding covariate of this magnitude was previously reported in dairy study by Hoeschele (1991) for number of days open.","Estimating inbreeding depression from cows by lactation number was considered desirable, since important age effect on production traits was previously reported by Thompson et al. (2000) but also because genetic evaluations frequently include animals from early lactations.","This finding confirms the conclusion from the work by Thompson et al. (2000). In lactation 4","When original solutions for inbreeding depression (SM) were compared to test-day estimates for the corresponding inbreeding level from study of Thompson et al. (2000), the current estimates were considerably smaller for each respective breed. However, the values from Thompson et al. (2000) were not peak test-day measurements, but represented values collected across the whole lactation period, which may have influenced the solutions for inbreeding depression.","When original solutions for inbreeding depression (SM) were compared to test-day estimates for the corresponding inbreeding level from study of Thompson et al. (2000), the current estimates were considerably smaller for each respective breed."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["result"],["result"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":809330876,"citingcorpusid":10535228,"citedcorpusid":120948747,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["of Lo and Singh (1986) or Lo, Mack, and Wang (1989) together with the empirical process methods of Kim and Pollard (1990). From Burke, Csorgo, and Horvath (1981) corollary 6.","Now our proof of theorems 2.1 and 2.2 will use the following slight extension of the argmax continuous mapping theorem of Kim and Pollard (1990).","Proofs of the main results in section 2 are given in sections 5, 6, and 7 based on an extension of the argmax continuous mapping theorem of Kim and Pollard (1990).","Kim and Pollard (1990), theorem 2.","2 will use the following slight extension of the argmax continuous mapping theorem of Kim and Pollard (1990). \\Ve let Cmax(IRd) denote the (separable) subset of continuous functions x(·) in Bloc(JRd) which satisfy x(t) -4 -00 as It I -4 00, and x achieves its maximum at a unique point in JRd.","1 of Kim and Pollard (1990), we can prove that for every a > 0, there exist random variables An of order Op(1) such that (7.","This allows us to use the maximal inequality with the envelope By Kim and Pollard (1990), inequality 2.1, page 199, there is constant C such that But, + So o.","By Kim and Pollard (1990), inequality 2."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],null,["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":3543944661,"citingcorpusid":232260674,"citedcorpusid":3574934,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["function and imaging techniques are essential surrogates for monitoring survivors of prematurity with and without BPD from infancy to adult age.(125,126) The long‐term surveillance and treatment of these subjects should be strongly promoted."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":563736272,"citingcorpusid":55026174,"citedcorpusid":84671392,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…female ovarian condition and have been based upon single variables, such as gonado-somatic lndices (O'Connor 1979, Anderson et al. 1985, Potter et al. 1989) or the proportion of females classed as mature or ripe (Shlagman et al. 1986, El Hady et al. 1990, Gab-Alla et al. 1990, Potter et al. 1991)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1955013759,"citingcorpusid":54836885,"citedcorpusid":7821575,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…an intense debate around the principles that should support lexicographic theory and practice (cf. Wiegand 1997, 1998; Bergenholtz & Tarp 2003; Atkins & Rundell 2008; Tarp 2008; Béjoint 2010; Hartmann 2010; Fuertes-Olivera & Bergenholtz 2011; Granger & Paquot 2012; Fuertes-Olivera & Tarp 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1538819294,"citingcorpusid":199668910,"citedcorpusid":53211694,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, these novel developments not only advanced our fundamental understanding of ensemble systems but also provided immediate control-enabled applications in highly diverse areas, including neuroscience, biology, quantum control, and complex networks [9, 15, 42, 18, 17, 24, 25, 30, 5, 14, 2, 29, 16, 34]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1941664705,"citingcorpusid":121301218,"citedcorpusid":1841438,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Linearly and Elliptically Polarized Antennas.","This result was already obtained in the particular case of elliptical radiation patterns by Vaughan (1998), and, interestingly, the cos ξ factor appears in the reverberation chamber and Rayleigh channel cases concerning correlation functions for field components rotated by an angle ξ (Hill, 1998; De Doncker, 2003).","Two Linearly Polarized Antennas.","Statistical Properties of Antenna Response Equation (3) gives one realization of the induced voltage, at a given location, and for a given plane wave spectrum. To study its statistical properties, a set of realizations is required, for instance by rotating the stirrer in a reverberation chamber or by recording several data sets in the communication channel case. The ensemble average over these realizations will be noted 〈·〉. Basically, from (3), statistical results concerning V ( r) depend on both the antenna properties, via the complex equivalent length, and the plane wave spectrum characteristics. The former is, of course, a deterministic entity, and no statistical assumption has to be made on it. On the other hand, the plane wave spectrum statistical properties have to be fixed. We will restrict ourselves here to the case of uncorrelated plane wave spectrum (referred to as uncorrelated fading in wireless communication textbooks; Vaughan & Bach Andersen, 2003), with no dominant partial wave (Rayleigh channel). Those postulates can be translated into mathematical relations satisfied by F( ), as shown, e.g., in De Doncker (2003). Since these relations are important to understand the subsequent developments, they are summarized in the appendix."],"intents":[null,["result"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":593744076,"citingcorpusid":56200941,"citedcorpusid":27331830,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["GPR and R6A act as guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors GPR-derived peptides stabilize the GDP-bound state of Giα1 and inhibit the activation of Giα1 with aluminum fluoride (37)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3855488827,"citingcorpusid":251187866,"citedcorpusid":114273352,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To solve the problem of ultra ‐ short ‐ term wind power time series, Zhao et al. 14 proposed a reverse prediction model based on the extreme learning machine (ELM), assuming a known prediction value."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2884567542,"citingcorpusid":163269190,"citedcorpusid":165841508,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2490645190,"citingcorpusid":25787842,"citedcorpusid":36397868,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recent work using both PP2A and (MKP-1) activation and inhibition models has established that PP2A and MKP-1 act in concert to mitigate phosphorylation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, p38, and Hsps in response to cell stress.(33,38) However, it has yet to be investigated whether these phosphatases regulate ERK-mediated inflammation in skeletal muscle through dephosphorylation.","Specifically, PP2A mediates dephosphorylation of p38, MK-2, Hsp27, and ERK1/2, and its inhibition results in prolonged activation of these molecules.(33,36,37) Recent work using both PP2A and (MKP-1) activation and inhibition models has established that PP2A and MKP-1 act in concert to mitigate phosphorylation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, p38, and Hsps in response to cell stress."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1845341179,"citingcorpusid":211476565,"citedcorpusid":10227034,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The sparse convolution noise is synthesized by the convolution of a three-dimensional kernel and a Poisson noise process [49]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2490646941,"citingcorpusid":25787842,"citedcorpusid":207555029,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed as described previously.(40) Amplification reactions were run on a Stratagene RT-PCR system (MX3000P; Agilent Technologies, Marlborough, Massachusetts), according to the manufacturer’s instructions, with the following primers: TNF-a: forward 50-TCT CAT GCA CCA CCA TCA AGG ACT-30, reverse 50-ACC ACT CTC CCT TTG CAG AAC TCA-30; IL-1b: forward 50-AAG GGC TGC TTC CAA ACC TTT GAC-30, reverse 50-ATA CTG CCT GCC TGA AGC TCT TGT-30; IL-6: forward 50-ATC CAG TTG CCT TCT TGG GAC TGA30, reverse 50-TAA GCC TCC GAC TTG TGA AGT GGT-30; b-actin: forward 50-AGC CAT GTA CGT AGC CAT CC-30, reverse 50- CTC TCA GCT GTG GTG GTG AA-30.","For total and phosphorylated protein detection, equal amounts of protein extract ( 20 lg) were subjected to standard immunoblotting and quantification procedures, as described previously.(40) Due to intensity differences between total and phosphorylated proteins, phosphorylated: total densitometric ratios could not be used for phosphorylated protein quantification.","Approximately half of the excised TA muscle ( 20 mg/leg) from each mouse was used for protein extraction and downstream analysis, as described previously.(40) To normalize protein input for immunoprecipitation and Western blot protocols, total protein was measured via Bradford assay (Better Bradford Reagent;"],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1712221009,"citingcorpusid":206285800,"citedcorpusid":142051015,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Importantly, extinction is short lived, is context dependent, and does not simply erase previously learned CS-US associations but more likely reflects the learning of new CS–no US representations (e.g., Quirk & Mueller, 2008; Rescorla, 1996).","This result suggests that, after extinction, information about the acquired emotional meaning is obviously still available, which agrees with several previous studies arguing that conditioned responses are not simply erased but rather that extinction reflects a kind of (new) inhibitory learning (Delamater, 2004; Maren & Quirk, 2004; Rescorla, 1996).","These inhibitory memories, in turn, are able to suppress previously acquired CRs (e.g., Delamater, 2004; Rescorla, 1996).","…non-reinforced exposure to conditioned stimuli typically leads to strongly reduced or eliminated conditioned responses (e.g., Quirk & Mueller, 2008; Rogan et al., 1997) as extinction forms new inhibitory memories that, in turn, suppress conditioned reactions (e.g., Delamater, 2004; Rescorla, 1996).","…about the acquired emotional meaning is obviously still available, which agrees with several previous studies arguing that conditioned responses are not simply erased but rather that extinction reflects a kind of (new) inhibitory learning (Delamater, 2004; Maren & Quirk, 2004; Rescorla, 1996).",", 1997) as extinction forms new inhibitory memories that, in turn, suppress conditioned reactions (e.g., Delamater, 2004; Rescorla, 1996)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":387803522,"citingcorpusid":52222077,"citedcorpusid":9002146,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In their study, Xue et al.[22] demonstrated the evidence that IPC mediated homing of endothelial progenitor cells played an important role in the protection of IRI.","In their study, Xue et al.([22]) demonstrated the evidence that IPC mediated homing of endothelial progenitor cells played an important role in the protection of IRI."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1580219358,"citingcorpusid":88471547,"citedcorpusid":4457522,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Lactose was shown to enhance calcium bioavailability from a variety of sources at different life stages of development [50,51]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1530183040,"citingcorpusid":36422200,"citedcorpusid":25610081,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["cardiovascular system, with pain, vasodilation, cutaneous epithelium, and wound healing, among many other roles [18, 19]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":976249801,"citingcorpusid":20310588,"citedcorpusid":16835129,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":577237264,"citingcorpusid":54689097,"citedcorpusid":85252098,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…s.n. collection he was using, Clarke stated that “This example shows no fruit…” which, because of the importance of seed micromorphology and size in distinguishing species within Menyanthaceae (e.g. Sivarajan et al. 1989; Chuang & Ornduff 1992; Sivarajan & Joseph 1993; Aston 2003), is unfortunate.","Comparison of these scans with published SEM photos of Indian seeds of Nymphoides aurantiaca (Sivarajan & Joseph 1993) showed the two entities to be conspecific."],"intents":[["methodology"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":796152183,"citingcorpusid":7973327,"citedcorpusid":2384316,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…O ( N log( N ) d ) Kernel k -means [5] O ( N 2 d + N 2 C ) Spectral clustering [6] O ( N 2 d + N 3 + NC 2 ) Support vector clustering [7] O ( N 2 dn sv ) Approximate spectral clustering [3] O ( Nmd + NmC ) Approximate kernel k -means [2] O ( Nmd + NmC ) to define the similarity between data points.","(ii) The number of kernel similarity computations performed by the proposed algorithm is O ( Np ), where the number of neighbors p ≪ m ≪ N . is Therefore, its running time and memory lesser than that of the existing approximate kernel clustering algorithms [2,3,6,21].","The proposed algorithm offers the following advantages over the existing techniques to reduce the running time of kernel-based clustering [2,3,21]: (i) It employs importance sampling, so a significantly smaller number of samples are required to approximate the kernel matrix, when compared to the…","…techniques to reduce the running time of kernel-based clustering [2,3,21]: (i) It employs importance sampling, so a significantly smaller number of samples are required to approximate the kernel matrix, when compared to the approximation methods in [2,3], which employ uniform random sampling.","Approximate kernel clustering algorithms such as [2, 3] reduce the running time of kernel clustering by uniformly sampling an m -sized subset of the data and constructing a low-rank approximate kernel matrix using the sampled data.","Approximate kernel-based clustering algorithms, such as Nystrom spectral clustering [3] and approximate kernel k -means [2], uniformly sample m points from the data set ( m ≪ N ), construct a low-rank matrix using the sampled points, and obtain the cluster labels using this approximate kernel…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":796152224,"citingcorpusid":7973327,"citedcorpusid":12003435,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We alleviate this issue by employing an approximate variant of the k -means algorithm (Algorithm 2), similar to the filtering algorithm in [29]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1712032137,"citingcorpusid":79104564,"citedcorpusid":19663481,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some studies have demonstrated the detection of IFN-gamma after activation of human T cells with tetanus toxoid in vitro (11) and other Authors have reported that tetanus selectively binds to IFN-gamma-treated cells by a mechanism yet to be identified (12)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2272108566,"citingcorpusid":35972829,"citedcorpusid":53334495,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In particular, we did not re-weight the redshift distributions to adjust the colour distributions of the training, validation and data samples, as in Bonnett et al. (2015); Sánchez et al. (2014).","–??\ndata in Sánchez et al. (2014)."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":2457987094,"citingcorpusid":55349952,"citedcorpusid":15319772,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Gatica Arias, A.","Immature pods of common beans are popular as a vegetable for human consumption in Africa, Asia and Latin America (Veltcheva et al., 2005; DelgadoSánchez et al., 2006; Varisai Mohamed et al., 2006; Gatica Arias et al., 2010; Kwapata et al., 2010).","In case of beans, shoot regeneration can be an important step in plant transformation procedures, and many attempts have been made with results showing that the genotype and the hormones both have great effect (Eissa et al., 1999 and 2002; Gatica Arias et al., 2010; Kwapata et al., 2010)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3879919422,"citingcorpusid":251712469,"citedcorpusid":23007876,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…is composed of two parallel duplexes held together by intercalated hemiprotonated cytosine (C:CH+) base pairs as well as loop regions composed of bases intervening between the cytosine runs (Gehring et al., 1993; Liu and Balasubramanian, 2003; Liedl and Simmel, 2005; Shu et al., 2005) (Figure 1A).","adopt an i-motif structure which is composed of two parallel duplexes held together by intercalated hemiprotonated cytosine (C:CH) base pairs as well as loop regions composed of bases intervening between the cytosine runs (Gehring et al., 1993; Liu and Balasubramanian, 2003; Liedl and Simmel, 2005; Shu et al., 2005) (Figure 1A).","(Leroy et al., 1993; Ahmed et al., 1994; Liu and Balasubramanian, 2003; Liedl and Simmel, 2005; Shu et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3879919490,"citingcorpusid":251712469,"citedcorpusid":13234116,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We performed a Hidden–Markov modeling-based analysis (vbFRET) (Bronson et al., 2009) on traces that showed transitions to determine the different folding states in a bias-free manner."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":41737613,"citingcorpusid":41607327,"citedcorpusid":9799548,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We investigate this type of the cavity for sensing application in the same manner as in Ref [15] for the air band-\nedge mode with an increased refractive index n=0.12.","We investigate this type of the cavity for sensing application in the same manner as in Ref [15] for the air band-","This is important for sensing applications since effective optical cavity-based sensing requires both high Q, and a large field overlap with the sample, f [14,15].","5 [15], at which the frequency shift is half the resonance linewidth, the detection limit of this cavity is n=5.","The quality factors for the air band-edge mode are significantly larger than the quality factors for any other reported air modes [14-16]."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4015087751,"citingcorpusid":254892485,"citedcorpusid":9799548,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…so far in various applications including the all-optical switches (Dmitriev et al. 2013; Van et al. 2002), optical sensors (Kang and Weiss 2008; Tomljenovic-Hanic et al. 2009; Toccafondo et al. 2010), all-optical logic (Xu and Lipson 2007) and the optical filters (Little et al. 1998; Qiang et…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2212435640,"citingcorpusid":157204527,"citedcorpusid":152831787,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This focused around two themes: the profligacy of the previous Labour government in failing to curb public spending (Driver 2011), and a return to the ‘intergenerational cultures of worklessness’ (Shildrick et al. 2012) narrative that had been prevalent in Conservative governments up to the early…","On coming to power, Conservative members of the Coalition were keen to use the new benefit to support their plans to bring about reductions in public spending on benefits (Driver 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1526932241,"citingcorpusid":161149334,"citedcorpusid":21073584,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["deren Anwendung in Schottland.(48,53) Der Nutzen von Bissflügelaufnahmen wurde in mehreren Studien untersucht.","Für die Erwachsenenkieferorthopädie konnten Chang et al. an vier Fällen zeigen, dass die Kenntnis der genauen Lagebeziehung der Kiefer unerlässlich ist, diese aber auch durch Übertragung in den Artikulator ermittelt werden kann.17\nOsman et al. untersuchten die Häufigkeit von Röntgenaufnahmen zu kieferorthopädischen Zwecken in England und Mc Nicol et al. deren Anwendung in Schottland.48,53\nDer Nutzen von Bissflügelaufnahmen wurde in mehreren Studien untersucht."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":4116718525,"citingcorpusid":257750723,"citedcorpusid":207186462,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3947737628,"citingcorpusid":247682313,"citedcorpusid":17601981,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1 10 ]   cycle which is proportional to data size as it described in [18]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1706732658,"citingcorpusid":119190556,"citedcorpusid":123723263,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, as part of the general problem of time [3, 4, 5] there is some arbitrariness involved in the choice of a particular internal time."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1545792583,"citingcorpusid":24182428,"citedcorpusid":24559699,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Polymer-based materials can degrade through hydrolysis or oxidation processes, and pH levels can change organic composition through the hydrolysis of the ester groups in the matrix.(11,13) Hydrolysis of these ester bonds promotes the formation of free, carboxylic acid groups that can lower the pH level inside the polymeric matrix.","Hydrolysis of these ester bonds promotes the formation of free, carboxylic acid groups that can lower the pH level inside the polymeric matrix.(11,13) This chemical degradation most likely did not occur in the present study because no surface changes after pH-cycling were observed for either composite resin product."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2569453148,"citingcorpusid":1017533,"citedcorpusid":12924987,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In fact, infection with alphavirus also results in a halt of host transcription that can be separated from the translation shut-off phenomenon (49)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2569455194,"citingcorpusid":1017533,"citedcorpusid":3231669,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["from 6-day-old rats were prepared as described (40) and maintained in culture for 1 week before infection with 10(4) to 10(5) pfu of the indicated virus.","Organotypical explants can be easily derived from rat hippocampus and maintained in culture for a variety of purposes, including electrophysiological studies (39, 40)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3432826719,"citingcorpusid":237333649,"citedcorpusid":207480001,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Over the past 16 years, our group [15, 16, 18, 32] optimized the cryopreservation protocol by studying: (a) the seeding temperature, which is a crucial step of the slow freezing protocol; (b) cryoprotectant concentrations; (c) protein support and (d) temperature of thawing procedure.","In fact, OTC is a complex procedure that requires technical experience and protocol validation [18, 30, 31]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":949547733,"citingcorpusid":18253174,"citedcorpusid":153608983,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Reviewing contemporary literature over the past two decades on Vietnam civil society, particularly the critical areas of environmental governance and anti-China demonstrations, Bui [55] observed a certain level of endorsement and tolerance (of CSOs) by the party state “to fill a gap in the governance network”.","Pham Thu Thuy (CIFOR), Nguyen Tuan Viet, and Bui Minh Nguyet were involved in data collection and transcription for this paper.","Bui [55] considered that “Vietnamese NGOs are not as well connected and organized as in many other countries”.","CSOs are faced with challenges in penetrating policy processes, given the ideological hegemony exercised by the state [55]."," \nBui [55] considered that “Vietnamese NGOs are not as well connected and organized as in many other  countries”."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3810487353,"citingcorpusid":250086683,"citedcorpusid":153608983,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["28 some extent, the party-state has tolerated, endorsed or even supported these developments (Bui 2013), and civil society has been found to exercise considerable political influence (Wells-Dang 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2675844613,"citingcorpusid":21065213,"citedcorpusid":20470979,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…that, in vitro, NO potentiates cytokine-induced PGE2 production in a number of cell systems, including vascular smooth muscle cells (Inoue et al 1993), rat mesangial cells (Tetsuka et al 1994), human microglial cells (Janabi et al 1996) and human airway epithelial cells (Watkins et al 1997)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3164488473,"citingcorpusid":8120789,"citedcorpusid":8466152,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["CM and CF are spatially intermingled in the myocardium with virtually every CM bordering one or more CF. Bidirectional communication between CF and CM can be mediated by paracrine signals, direct cellcell interactions and indirect interaction via ECM.42\nBoth CF and CM secrete many different chemokines, cytokines, growth factors and other soluble agents that play a key role in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.42 Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), which is induced by TGF-β and expressed in both CM and CF, has been associated specifically with CF proliferation and ECM production in the setting of myocardial fibrosis.43,44 CTGF expression is negatively regulated by two cardiac microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-133 and miR-30.","Moreover, paracrine signals released from CF may affect the expression and function of ion channels and gap junctions in CM.(56,57,58,59) Apart from the conventional exocytosis of paracrine factors, there is evidence that a pannexinbased mechanism exists in the myocardium.","These are traditionally responsible for the maintenance of the structural integrity of the heart through regulation and turnover of the ECM.","The latter control fibroblast proliferation and migration and are also linked to ECM deposition.4 In transgenic mice, PDGF expression can be largely enhanced, leading to dilated cardiomyopathy and HF.54 IGF-1 secretion by fibroblasts also plays a key role in mediating the adaptive response of myocardium to pressure overload.55 Moreover, paracrine signals released from CF may affect the expression and function of ion channels and gap junctions in CM.56,57,58,59 Apart from the conventional exocytosis of paracrine factors, there is evidence that a pannexinbased mechanism exists in the myocardium.","They can be actively secreted or passively leaked from a cell to act either on an adjacent cell or on distant cells along the vasculature.46 While miR-30 is expressed in both CF and CM, miR-133 is expressed specifically in CM. miR-133-knockout mice develop excessive fibrosis and HF while miR-133 knockdown also causes cardiac hypertrophy with impaired cardiac function.47,48 CF also secrete interleukin 33, which cross-regulates CM in vitro, reduces pressure-overload hypertrophy and fibrosis, and improves cardiac function and survival after myocardial infarction in vivo.49,50 Interleukin 6 (IL-6) induces cell proliferation, protects cells from apoptosis, promotes ECM turnover, and causes cardiac hypertrophy.51 It is of note that interactions between CM and CF markedly promote the secretion of IL-6, as shown by increased levels in conditioned medium from CM-CF co-cultures compared with CM or CF only cultures, indicating that communication between the two cell types is required for the secretion of some paracrine factors.52,53 Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been shown to play an important role in cardiac fibrosis and angiogenesis via its binding to protein tyrosine kinase receptors.","The identified vesicles were suggested to be exosomes and, when obtained from hypoxic CM, could trigger cell death in other CM.40,41","Pannexins were found to form functional channels in single membranes that can make possible paracrine intercellular communication by releasing ATP and other small molecules from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space.42\nCM and CF are able to communicate electrically through connexinmediated gap junctional connections.4 CF are not electrically excitable, but their membrane contains ion channels.60,61,62 Without coupling to CM, CF operate as passive electrical insulators.63 However, when coupled to CM, they can affect action-potential characteristics and conduction velocity in CM.42,64 CM–CF coupling has also been shown to alter intercellular calcium cycling alternans, which could play an additional role in arrhythmogenesis in fibrotic heart tissue.65 Another mechanism for mechanical coupling between CM and CF is through adherens junctions and the cadherin–catenin complex at their core.42 Cadherins are transmembrane receptors that bind adjacent cells, link intracellularly to actin and intermediate filaments via catenins and facilitate bidirectional transmission of cytoskeletal tension between cells.66,67 Cadherin staining has been detected between co-cultured CM and myofibroblasts.68,69 It has been shown that TGFβ –activated myofibroblasts can exert tonic contractile forces on CM and slow electric propagation as a result of increased mechanosensitive channel activation.69 A more recently described route of cell–cell cross talk that permits intercellular communication over longer distances is via membrane nanotubes."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":2909246965,"citingcorpusid":21065213,"citedcorpusid":86937871,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…that, in vitro, NO potentiates cytokine-induced PGE2 production in a number of cell systems, including vascular smooth muscle cells (Inoue et al 1993), rat mesangial cells (Tetsuka et al 1994), human microglial cells (Janabi et al 1996) and human airway epithelial cells (Watkins et al 1997)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":334714755,"citingcorpusid":8278252,"citedcorpusid":2935017,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Li [3] 100 Identities, 7 Poses, 20 Illuminations, Totally 14000 Images RL [4]+LDA CPF [6]","The setting introduced in [3, 4, 6] is used, which adopts images in session one with totally 249 identities."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3618357102,"citingcorpusid":244579690,"citedcorpusid":206965265,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The application of organoids has helped in producing numerous in vitro organoids such as rectal [48], gastric [49], lung [50], liver [51], pancreas [52], retina [53], thyroid [54], kidney [55] and intestine [56] that had successfully recapitulated the structural and functional motif of real organs."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2754845170,"citingcorpusid":25128636,"citedcorpusid":42357286,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Opiates, acting on opioid receptors (coupled to Gi/Go classes of the G proteins) inhibit cyclic AMP (cAMP) formation, Ca2+ conductance and activate potassium current, leading to the suppression of neuronal excitability (Nestler 1992)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2307807562,"citingcorpusid":23131788,"citedcorpusid":2048100,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There also exists a quadriceps–hamstrings muscle coactivation response during static knee extension and active knee extension in normal subjects [1,8,15,20]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":369590590,"citingcorpusid":10523025,"citedcorpusid":33604000,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["By this way, the computation cost is proportional to the problem size instead of the problem dimension [17] [9].","For more information about SCBAW, thereaders can refer to [9].","proposed a novel attribute weighting called subtractive clustering based attribute weighting for recognizing the traffic accidents and used the support vector machine classifier as classifier algorithm [9]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3957388398,"citingcorpusid":251478690,"citedcorpusid":152971248,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…that such regulatory power is executed by a small group of companies within the monopolistic logic of what scholars call “digital capitalism” (Betancourt, 2015; Schiller, 1999, 2014; Staab, 2019) that has, most famously, been revealed by venture-capitalist Peter Thiel (cf. Thiel & Masters, 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1739519401,"citingcorpusid":210757948,"citedcorpusid":35999035,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Studies utilizing adsorption calorimetry have been performed before [14,16,17,21,22,53] and provide estimates about the behavior.","Although calorimetric data is available for the adsorption of silver on various substrates [18,21,33,34,42], this substance was not tested since it is slightly more expensive than copper.","The presence of preliminary work on metalation reactions including copper [88,198–200] and calorimetric measurements of copper adsorption on single crystals [14,17,21,22] as well as polymer substrates [53] support this decision even more."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1110048338,"citingcorpusid":137255764,"citedcorpusid":24616570,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Since it is known that tiplaxtinin and TM5275 promote PAI-1 substrate behavior, however, these inhibitors may prevent the conformational change in β-sheet A of PAI-1 necessary to accommodate insertion of the PAI-1 RCL during the protease inhibition reaction [25]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2477094058,"citingcorpusid":154804984,"citedcorpusid":142612905,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Even though some pacts cover other important issues such as pensions, employment policies and social security issues, wage policy is a key issue in pacts (e.g. Hassel 2000; Marginson and Sisson 2004), and pacts on wage issues account for the majority of pacts (e.g. Visser 2011).","Given that wage pacts have aimed to increase international competitiveness of countries since the 1980s (i.e. Hassel 2000), their performance is understood as their capacity for pay moderation which is captured by two dependent variables: nominal wage growth and real growth of unit labour costs."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1739522399,"citingcorpusid":210757948,"citedcorpusid":96271897,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Studies utilizing adsorption calorimetry have been performed before [14,16,17,21,22,53] and provide estimates about the behavior.","Metals usually adsorb very well at room temperature on various metallic surfaces [18,24], moderate to high on oxides [20,22,27], and exhibit a varying behavior on polymers ranging from barely to very well [55–58,61].","3 Discussion: Adsorption of Copper The coverage independent high sticking probability of copper on the here used organic substrate is consistent with values reported for adsorption studies on a polymer substrate [53] and on single crystal substrates [16,22].","The presence of preliminary work on metalation reactions including copper [88,198–200] and calorimetric measurements of copper adsorption on single crystals [14,17,21,22] as well as polymer substrates [53] support this decision even more.","The initially reduced released heat indicates the growth of small clusters due to the Kelvin effect [156] in accordance with adsorption of copper and lead on MgO(111) reported elsewhere [17,22]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["result"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2224489802,"citingcorpusid":21657741,"citedcorpusid":3354747,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2419552070,"citingcorpusid":40272505,"citedcorpusid":30172634,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["higher-level competence is associated with cognitive performance (Iwasa et al., 2008) and social activities (Ishizaki et al.","In this study, participants whose total score was 11 were defined as independent in higher-level competence and those with a total score of 10 were defined as dependent in higher-level competence (Iwasa et al., 2008; Koyano et al., 1993)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2419552092,"citingcorpusid":40272505,"citedcorpusid":326187,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Muscle strength is known to decline with age (Lindle et al., 1997)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2057349171,"citingcorpusid":218506205,"citedcorpusid":99449753,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, application of consecutive extraction schemes with different polarity solvents enables to achieve preliminary pre-fractionation of botanical bioactive compounds [21]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3349449262,"citingcorpusid":235189802,"citedcorpusid":3899693,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["an increased acid exposure in supine position (Shetler et al., 2017; Rengarajan et al., 2018).","Indeed, proportions of heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia, chest pain, and belching were similar in patients with and without IEM in observational studies (Min et al., 2015; Shetler et al., 2017).","However, several studies failed todemonstrate a correlation between IEMand esophageal symptoms (Xiao et al., 2014; Shetler et al., 2017)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2229431569,"citingcorpusid":149451908,"citedcorpusid":73610834,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…indicate potential initiators other than those commonly found in city logistics literature, including logistics companies, authorities, receivers (Allen et al., 2015; Awasthi & Chauhan, 2012; Cherrett et al., 2012; Malhene et al., 2012; Österle et al., 2015), and senders (Muñuzuri et al., 2005).","…Sund, 2015), which as a result can allow larger shipments to be divided into smaller ones and thereby change the delivery frequency to better meet receivers’ needs (Triantafyllou, Cherrett, & Browne, 2014), as well as increase the reliability of delivery (Browne et al., 2011; Österle et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2254345920,"citingcorpusid":27949105,"citedcorpusid":22355204,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3385889736,"citingcorpusid":204740006,"citedcorpusid":206781440,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Seizures are one of the most common presenting symptoms of primary brain tumors and one of the leading causes of emergency room visits and hospitalizations.(10) For some patients, seizures can be the most distressing tumor-related symptom."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2531917413,"citingcorpusid":25601832,"citedcorpusid":36565253,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…to be present in the eggs of some species such as sea urchins, mice, bovines and humans (Swann, 1992; Galione et al., 1993a; Ayabe et al., 1995; Yue et al., 1995; Herbert et al., 1997), even if their role in Ca2+ signalling at fertilization is unclear (Galione et al., 1993a; Ayabe et al.,…","The coexistence of these two families of intracellular calcium-release channels has been well documented in many cell types, including the oocytes of species such as sea urchins, mice, bovines and humans (Swann,1992; Galione et al., 1993a; Ayabe et al., 1995; Yue et al., 1995; Herbert et al., 1997).","It has been established that independent IP3Rs and RyRs coexist in mature bovine oocytes (Yue et al., 1995)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":562347129,"citingcorpusid":54833662,"citedcorpusid":5350681,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…(learning-by-importing: importing intermediate or capital goods makes a firm more productive by enabling it to access to higher quality inputs and/or to extract technology embodied in imported goods, see, among most recent, Castellani et al. 2010, Altomonte and Békés 2010, Muuls and Pisu 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2511608592,"citingcorpusid":6652849,"citedcorpusid":2424421,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Hovy [21] highlights two major tasks for NLG: 1) content selection; and 2) content expression.","Dalianis and Hovy [28] recognise the problem of redundancy in text generation and propose four types of aggregation rules."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":4116580361,"citingcorpusid":258199921,"citedcorpusid":122469892,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In general, the two-point correlation function is an autocorrelation function (Davis & Peebles, 1977), and is consequently directly related to the power spectrum through a Fourier transform, a fact that we shall exploit in the next section.","Frequently used in large-scale surveys of galaxy redshifts, it is defined as the “excess probability” dp (over random) of finding a galaxy pair separated by a distance r (Davis & Peebles, 1977; Shore & Trimble, 2003).","Since ξ(r) is an autocorrelation function (Davis & Peebles, 1977), and based on the foregoing, we are left with (Szapudi et al., 2005),\n𝜉𝜉(𝑟𝑟) = 1\n2𝜋𝜋\n∞\n∫\n0\n𝑃𝑃 (𝑘𝑘)𝐽𝐽0(𝑘𝑘𝑟𝑟) 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 (6)\nthe inverse of which implies,\n𝑃𝑃 (𝑘𝑘) =\n∞\n∫\n0\n𝜉𝜉(𝑟𝑟)𝐽𝐽0(𝑘𝑘𝑟𝑟) 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2963266641,"citingcorpusid":31639241,"citedcorpusid":37374315,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A similar stereoselectivity of tamsulosin isomers has been detected in rat spleen and brain (Yasawa et al. 1992), rabbit aorta and iris dilator ( Takayanagi et al. 1986 ), bladder, urethra and prostate (Honda and Nakagawa 1986), and in human prostate (Yamada et al. 1987)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3292971320,"citingcorpusid":213887558,"citedcorpusid":32061886,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Subjected by the present study as a specific key adjustment of player technique referred to its component skill-related fitness developments (Ronald, 2009).","Ronald (2009) reports that the relationships between force and velocity, force production and power output, motor recruitment and elastic energy improve the athletic capabilities of athletes."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":390617044,"citingcorpusid":28586295,"citedcorpusid":1701955,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Due to the switching signal in system (4) is only a Markov process, it is obvious that the stability analysis research of such auxiliary system is more easier to solve directly.","Choose the Lyapunov function for the auxiliary system (4) as V (ξ(k̃), θ(k̃)) = ξ (k̃)Pθ(k̃)ξ(k̃) (15) For each θ(k̃) = i ∈ S, we have","When the auxiliary system (4) is stochastically stable, it is concluded that ηrk is a geometric distribution random variable with parameter πij such that","3 Stability analysis Theorem 1 The stochastic stability of the discrete-time randomly switched system (1) could be guaranteed by the stochastic stability of the auxiliary system (4), where Ai, ∀i ∈ S, is nonsingular.","tk̃ ‖ξ(k̃)‖(2)|ξ0, θ0} (12) Finally, the stochastic stability of the auxiliary system (4) could be deduced by","In this case, the system (1) could be rewritten to a random switching system with state jumps { ξ(k̃ + 1) = Aθ(k̃)ξ(k̃) ξ(tk̃) = (Aθk) dθk ξ(tk̃−1) (4)","Suppose that the auxiliary system (4) jumps to the mode θk θ(tk̃) at time instant tk̃, it is clearly that the total dwell time of the auxiliary system (4) is defined as δθk tk̃+1 − tk̃ = ηθk .","Proof Based on Theorem 1, it is known that the stability of the discrete-time randomly switched system (1) could be guaranteed by the auxiliary system (4).","Remark 1 The study of the stochastic stability of the discrete-time randomly switched system (1) is transferred to the study of the stochastic stability of the constructed auxiliary system in (4)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null,null,null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2351452409,"citingcorpusid":148273156,"citedcorpusid":58720716,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["To describe the experience of PLTL leaders, we performed a basic qualitative analysis (Merriam 2009) on the fourteen journals.","Using these journals, we performed a basic qualitative analysis (Merriam 2009).","As Merriam (2009) states, “qualitative researchers conducting a basic qualitative study would be interested in (1) how people interpret their experiences, (2) how they construct their worlds, and (3) what meaning they attribute to their experiences."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4054160892,"citingcorpusid":256550220,"citedcorpusid":13945708,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1] and [12, Propositions 1-3] by using the classifications given in [1,8,9]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":886946955,"citingcorpusid":18370661,"citedcorpusid":10168773,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…a new and emerging field across several research areas – neuroscience; developmental psychology; biological disciplines such as embryogenetics; evolutionary biology or ecology; and engineering sciences such as mechatronics, on-chipreconfigurable systems or cognitive robotics (Asada et al., 2009).",", 2003), is a new and emerging field across several research areas – neuroscience; developmental psychology; biological disciplines such as embryogenetics; evolutionary biology or ecology; and engineering sciences such as mechatronics, on-chipreconfigurable systems or cognitive robotics (Asada et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1730860478,"citingcorpusid":207190924,"citedcorpusid":209531257,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["EROD is widely used as biomarker of aquatic environment contamination (Kirby et al., 1999, 2007; Siroka and Drastichova, 2005; Havelkova et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1046044031,"citingcorpusid":111383919,"citedcorpusid":114585181,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[1] used a radial basis function neural network to predict driving conditions, and applied minimal values to the predicted result."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1542237743,"citingcorpusid":201079656,"citedcorpusid":134858037,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A number of guidelines, such as those of Oviedo and Maffi (2000) and Dudley et al. (2005), have been produced to inform environmental practitioners of the value of associating traditional cultural practices and spiritual meanings to biodiversity conservation."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2225805423,"citingcorpusid":102338979,"citedcorpusid":46654754,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The literature does suggest, however, that the manifestation of psychopathic traits differs by sex (for a review, see Verona & Vitale, 2006) and that women generally obtain higher scores on FAR tasks (Thayer & Johnsen, 2000)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1173632761,"citingcorpusid":135115137,"citedcorpusid":133563754,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…in part, the result of numerous debates concerning the Early Farming Community (EFC) period (pre – 1000 AD), and thus interpretations of events (cf. Maggs & Michael 1976; Maggs 1980a, 1980b, 1980c, 1993; Huffman 1982, 1990a, 1990b, 2000; Hall, S. 1981, 1985; Hall, M. 1984; Miller & Whitelaw…","Ni Miller (2001) medium blue) or samples which contained higher proportions than other sites’ samples (e.","Due to the lack of furnace discovery, the slag types could only be assumed based on the general categories given by Miller and Killick (2004). Alternative context, however, was used to strengthen the slag type identification.","…lining and tuyère pipes (clay pipes used to funnel air into a furnace (Figure 2.4), are generally accepted as a by-product of farming communities (Maggs and Michael 1976; Maggs 1980a; Miller & Whitelaw 1994; Miller et al. 1995; Miller 2002; Miller & Killick 2004; Koursaris et al. 2007).","4), are generally accepted as a by-product of farming communities (Maggs and Michael 1976; Maggs 1980a; Miller & Whitelaw 1994; Miller et al. 1995; Miller 2002; Miller & Killick 2004; Koursaris et al. 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":996109650,"citingcorpusid":80064933,"citedcorpusid":20774990,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["patient follow-up and care coordination to reduce readmission rates and consequently avoid potential financial penalties (Farrell et al., 2015; Hansen et al., 2013; Heeke et al., 2014; Lu et al., 2016)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2057827397,"citingcorpusid":216111032,"citedcorpusid":7759594,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["eventually into mature miRNAs by another ribonuclease III Dicer after transportation into cytoplasm [47]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":539757475,"citingcorpusid":54017059,"citedcorpusid":96094449,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In order to compare the mixture formation and combustion characteristics between the MPCI and PPCI modes, two typical operating conditions (Table 3) are resolved by KIVA-CHEMKIN (Yang et al., 2013b).","From the experiments (Yang et al., 2013a, 2013d), it was found that the low octane gasoline MPCI combustion can achieve very low NOx and soot emissions, as well as lower indicated specific fuel consumption (ISFC), even without intake boosting or EGR.","However, with the increase of the engine speed, soot emissions get high because the mixing duration is not enough for the fuel from the second injection (Yang et al., 2013c; Wang et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3684828581,"citingcorpusid":23039217,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, it is still debated whether the expression of SERCA is reduced or maintained in HF, or if changes in the ratio PLB/ SERCA or in the PLB phosphorylated status is responsible for reduced SERCA activity (for review see (Frank et al., 2003))."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3905613263,"citingcorpusid":128601942,"citedcorpusid":140652966,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Besides shaping the morphologies of the platforms, changes in these multiple controls are also responsible for reductions in platform growth rates and their ultimate demise (Kendrick et al., 1991)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2962184119,"citingcorpusid":222120783,"citedcorpusid":1899963,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Trio is also a probabilistic database management system, and is based on an extended relational model called ULDBs[1]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":934761911,"citingcorpusid":4793526,"citedcorpusid":91145868,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["As a rule, predictors with VIP value more than 1 have a strong influence on the model; but a cut-off around 0.7–0.8 has been suggested to discriminate between relevant and irrelevant predictors (Eriksson et al. 2006).","8 has been suggested to discriminate between relevant and irrelevant predictors (Eriksson et al. 2006).","A component was considered significant if the ratio of the prediction error sum of squares (PRESS) to the residual sum of squares of the previous dimension (SS) was statistically smaller than 1.0 (Eriksson et al. 2006).","…low as 0.1% of the total concentration of the analyte\n9 Silva Fennica vol. 49 no. 5 article id 1340 · Farhadi et al. · Near Infrared Spectroscopy as non-destructive… (Osborne et al. 1993) while multivariate analysis is powerful in extracting such information from the spectra (Eriksson et al. 2006).","1993) while multivariate analysis is powerful in extracting such information from the spectra (Eriksson et al. 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3818428272,"citingcorpusid":154517307,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["8 The Education and Employment Survey for Russia was conducted by the Max Planck Institute for demographic Research (Rostock), the Independent Institute of Social Policy (Moscow), and the Demoscope Independent Research Center (Moscow) (Bühler et al. 2007)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2538867659,"citingcorpusid":154517307,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Following other research on occupational class in Russia (Gerber and Hout 2004) and the Soviet Union (Marshall et al. 1995), I use a categorization based on the Erikson-Goldthorpe-Portocarero (EGP) schema and one that is similar to the European Socioeconomic Classification (SeC) used to construct occupational class in the RLMS data (see Figure 2).","From the onset of transition until 1999 is a time\nhttp://www.demographic-research.org 381\n6 This class schema is based on the European Socioeconomic Class (SeC) schema created at the Institute for Social and Economic Research.","If income is considered too low, the direct costs of childbearing may be considered too high (Becker 1960); this is how we understand the general conclusion that relatively high income is one of the prerequisites for childbearing in Europe (Hobcraft and Kiernan 1995).","On the other hand, macro level studies found evidence of a positive relationship between fertility and the economy across Russia and post communist Europe (Kohler and Kohler 2002; UNECE 2000; Cornia and Paniccia 1998; Billingsley 2010)."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":808764611,"citingcorpusid":53303692,"citedcorpusid":13537411,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Albumin, a unique pleiotropic protein with multiple properties is known for its transportation of a wide range of endogenous ligands and drugs, and its actions as a potent antioxidant with free radical scavenging activities due to its unique biochemical structure (Anraku 2014; Sitar et al. 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2364468774,"citingcorpusid":83782597,"citedcorpusid":84642041,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…basil (Prabhu et al., 2009), is of economic and medicinal importance due to the biological activity attributed to its essential oil, of which the eugenol is the most widely known and studied component due to its medicinal and cooking uses (Almeida and Albuquerque, 2002; Matasyoh et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2201119368,"citingcorpusid":79643484,"citedcorpusid":12727422,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2087993579,"citingcorpusid":157441970,"citedcorpusid":154343176,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The early warning of instability was lower on IBs due to the absence of tradeoff between default risk and efficiency, but this was found for CBs.\nShaban et al. (2014) 2002–2010\nIndonesia 107 CBs & 7 IBs GMM, SFA & causality test\nThey find small banks tend to allocate small lending.","Jawadi, Cheffou, and Jawadi (2015) 2006–2013 10 IBS and 10 CBS (major)\nPanel regressionrandom and causality test\nThey find no significant causality effect from IBs to CBs which indicate IBs are not superior on CBs.\nJawadi, Cheffou, and Jawadi (2015) April 2006- February 2013\n10 IBS and 10 CBS…","Olson and Zoubi (2008) 2000–2005 GCC region\nLogit, neural network, and k-means nearest neighbor classification models\nThey find CAMEL rating as good discriminant indicator between the two types of banks, and also, IBs are profitable and less efficient than CBs.\nIsmail and Sulaiman (2008) 1994-2006 15 Islamic banks GMM\nThey find that Islamic banks are willing to take on more risk.","Mohanty et al. (2016) 1999-2010\n(Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) 43 Banks\nheteroskedastic stochastic frontier (HSF) models\nThey find IBs and CBs are indifferent on cost and profit efficiencies measures after controlling of some variables; IBs are more volatile than CBs. Country-specific variables influence that cost and profit efficiency.","Wanke, Azad, and Barros (2016b)\n2009-2013 Malaysia 27 CBS 16\nIBS\nDSBM; MCMC & GLMM\nWe find higher inefficiency and slacks in IBs than CBs.","Aysan et al. (2016)\n2006:4- 2014:2\n40 (36 CBs & 4 IBS) Turkey commercial banks\nOLS and fixed effect estimator\nThey find that Islamic banks are more inclined toward financing SMEs than conventional banks, and their quality of loan is comparable to CBs.\nAzmat et al. (2016) 1996–2014\n2411 companies from some 50 developed, emerging and frontier markets (39 Islamic bond issues)\nInvestor’s utility function\nMusharakah is less attractive than debt due to loss averse investors for short evaluation period, while Musharaka is performing lower than Islamic equity in the longvaluation period.","Jawadi, Cheffou, and Jawadi (2015) 2006–2013 10 IBS and 10 CBS (major)\nPanel regressionrandom and causality test\nThey find no significant causality effect from IBs to CBs which indicate IBs are not superior on CBs.\nJawadi, Cheffou, and Jawadi (2015) April 2006- February 2013\n10 IBS and 10 CBS (major)\npanel regression Analysis-fixed effect; Panel VAR model & causality test\nIBs and CBs differ only on financial risk, weak interactions between IBs and CBs, and panel causality tests reject the hypothesis from IBs to CBs.\nKabir, Worthington, and Gupta (2015) 2000-2012 156 CBS and 37 IBS 13 countries\nMerton distance to default DD and Z-score: Regression random effect IBs have low credit risk on DD measures while Z–score and NPL indicates high credit risk than conventional banks.","…regressionrandom and causality test\nThey find no significant causality effect from IBs to CBs which indicate IBs are not superior on CBs.\nJawadi, Cheffou, and Jawadi (2015) April 2006- February 2013\n10 IBS and 10 CBS (major)\npanel regression Analysis-fixed effect; Panel VAR model &…","Olson and Zoubi (2016) 1996-2014\nMiddle East, Africa, and Southeast Asia (MENASA) region, 22 countries regression fixed the effect\nIBs perform better during the financial crisis, then become affected in 2009 due to the economic downturn which led to the decline in their profit similar to that of CBs.","Ibrahim (2016) 2001–2013\nMalaysia 21 conventional banks and 16 Islamic banks GMM\nThey find business cycle does not affect financial decisions of IBs compared to CBs.","Mobarek and Kalonov (2014) 2004-2009\n18 OIC countries 307 CBs and 101 IBs DEA, SFA & regression\nDEA & SF reveals CBs are more efficient than their IBs, whereas Z-score indicates high stability to IBs than CBs.","The findings reveal IBs are stable, and counter-cyclical whereas cyclicality of bank loan is true in CBs.\nHardianto and Wulandari (2016)\n2011-2013 quarterly\nIndonesia 39 banks, 31 CBS and 8 IBS,\nstochastic frontier approach and panel data regression\nThey find IBs with high intermediation ratio, feeincome, and low efficient.","They also find a negative impact of\ninterest rate, and IBs is complementary, not substitute of CBs.\nFaye, Triki, and Kangoye (2013) 2005-2010\n279 conventional and 11 Islamic banks in 45 countries\nRegression –fixed effect model\nThey find superiority of IBs efficiency and their penetration to the African countries, which is beneficial for the continent development.","Furthermore, IBs are more capitalized with lower liquidity than CBs.\nRahman (2010) 1994–2009 17 Islamic banks in\nMalaysia GLS fixed-effect model\nReal estate financing reduces insolvency risk, and concentration of financing structure reduces solvency risk.","5 GCC : IBS 20 CB 27 FIEGARCH\nBad news strongly affects volatility and persists in CBs than IBs which implies that IBs are more resilient than CBs. Similarly, IBs in Saudi tends to provide most resilient benchmark model."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3832242187,"citingcorpusid":245737531,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A recent study found that data completeness and accuracy of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) data and difficulties of calculating population denominators were among the most common concerns among RMNCH key stakeholders in the DRC [17].","A harmonized list of a core set of SRMNCAH indicators would alleviate the reported manual and human resource burden from the health facility, health zone and community levels [25, 26], and also improve data analysis and reporting at the provincial and operational level [17].","Strategies to improve routine facility data collection and reporting that are tailored to conflict affected settings can contribute to improve the effectiveness of the system [17], including investing in innovative solutions to overcome the barriers associated with weak infrastructure and limited resources [37].","Much of this burden falls onto low resourced health facilities at the local level [17, 23].","SRMNCAH data collection and indicator reporting in the DRC In 2014, to improve the collection, storage and accessibility of data, the Ministry of Health (MoH) of the DRC introduced the District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2), an electronic, web-based management information system, which aids with the collection, presentation, analysis and validation of health information data [17]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3832242209,"citingcorpusid":245737531,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Both the literature and the findings of this assessment show that this reactive approach has led to multiple donor coordination mechanisms and project management units and, critically, a duplication and waste of resources for supervision, training, and technical assistance [33].","This created a significant burden on the time of staff at district and health facility levels to attend training seminars, respond to supervisory visits, and meet reporting requirements [33].","Reports suggest that donors reacted by creating and implementing projects in search of rapid results and data to document them [33]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2010953984,"citingcorpusid":214422287,"citedcorpusid":154801235,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Ten items adapted from (Lichtenthaler, 2009; Naqshbandi & Tabche, 2018) reveal the tendency of open innovation can be performed as follows: (1) the introduction of new products/services to the market, (2) the introduction of new concepts and ideas in the product development process, (3) the…","Ten items adapted from (Lichtenthaler, 2009; Naqshbandi & Tabche, 2018) reveal the tendency of open innovation can be performed as follows: (1) the introduction of new products/services to the market, (2) the introduction of new concepts and ideas in the product development process, (3) the continuous search for the external environment, (4) the use of external sources, (5) active participation in other’s innovation projects, (6) technology commercialization to outside firms, (7) technology or intellectual property or know-how, (8) changes made in existing processes and technologies, (9) cost reduction, and (10) selling existing products in the new market."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2518633868,"citingcorpusid":24989043,"citedcorpusid":88375785,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":4024005125,"citingcorpusid":255215503,"citedcorpusid":154410604,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Travelling to unknown places, the uncertainty of conditions, and the possible negative experiences generated (Yang et al., 2015).","From the perspective of tourists, they tend to avoid destinations with high potential risks, which also influences their decisions(Yang et al., 2015; Yang & Nair, 2014).","This research is also expected to contribute to the surrounding community, the environment, and the local area based on the pillars of sustainable tourism development and science for researchers (Yang et al., 2015; Yang & Nair, 2014).","to unknown places, the uncertainty of conditions, and the possible negative experiences generated (Yang et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1654601040,"citingcorpusid":208221957,"citedcorpusid":4629664,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The HOMA-IR was used to assess IR.","Deficiency in the protein expression of any insulin signal transduction pathway components may induce hepatic IR.","Abnormalities in the insulin signaling pathway play a key role in the occurrence and development of IR.","14 Among them, IRS-2 in liver specifically regulates insulin signaling and integrates insulin receptor (InsR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling, which mediates the anabolic effects of insulin through the PI3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt cascade.15,16 Furthermore, mice lacking IRS-2 has shown a defective insulin-stimulated signaling pathway, which led to hepatic IR.17 Recent studies have shown that Liraglutide essentially restores brain insulin sensitivity through insulin signaling pathway.18,19 However, the specific association between Liraglutide and the insulin signaling pathway in hepatocytes has not yet been investigated.","Insulin resistance (IR) is the common pathophysiological basis of T2D and NAFLD and promotes the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes by promoting lipolysis and hyperinsulinemia.10,11 Since IR is believed to be the main cause of NAFLD, the drugs targeting IR may be used for the treatment of NAFLD.12 Liraglutide was primarily used to treat T2D, which was proven to be effective in alleviating IR.","The liver expresses the GLP-1 receptor and regulates glucose metabolism,28 while several studies have shown that GLP-1 improves IR.29,30 However, the mechanism of GLP-1-mediated IR improvement still remains to be elucidated.","Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are important cytoplasmic adaptor proteins in insulin signaling and play an important role in IR.13 The IRS family comprises several members, including IRS-1, IRS-2, IRS-3, IRS-4, IRS-5 and IRS-6.","The liver expresses the GLP-1 receptor and regulates glucose metabolism,(28) while several studies have shown that GLP-1 improves IR.(29,30) However, the mechanism of GLP-1-mediated IR improvement still remains to be elucidated."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1781716907,"citingcorpusid":203449279,"citedcorpusid":157910145,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["They find that a 1 percentage point cut of the average PIT rate raise employment per capita by 0.3 percentage points on impact, peaking at 0.8 percentage points after five quarters.16 Woo et al. (2016)\nusing structural identification, likely because the definition of the shocks markedly differs."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2325339357,"citingcorpusid":86783651,"citedcorpusid":84342143,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…forefemora dorsally\nwidened into a massive lobe with the anterior surface of the\nfemur displaying various colour patterns that play a role as sig-\nnals during the ‘boxing’ behaviour [e.g. Oxypilus (Edmunds,\n1976), Hestiasula (Shelford, 1903, 1916; Loxton, 1979), Eph-\nestiasula (Loxton, 1979)].","The other three genera mimic twig or leaf matter (Edmunds, 1972, 1976; Roy, 2013c: fig.","The main differences recovered herein include: (i) the monophyly of Oxypiloidea and of Chrysomantis; (ii) Oxypiloidea and Chrysomantis as sister groups; (iii) Majangella ophirensis as sister to Ambivia undata; and (iv) Psychomantis borneensis (de Haan) as sister group to Majangella+Ambivia+ the Acromantis cluster (including Rhomantis Giglio-Tos and Citharomantis Rehn).","Over the last several decades taxonomic revisions have been conducted on the plant-mimicking mantis genera Anasigerpes Giglio-Tos (Roy, 1979), Ceratomantis Wood-Mason (Roy & Svenson, 2007), Chrysomantis Giglio-Tos (Roy, 2013b), Ephestiasula Giglio-Tos (Mukherjee et al., 2010), Galinthias Stål (Roy & Stiewe, 2014), Junodia\nSchulthess-Rechberg (Roy, 2009; Stiewe & Roy, 2010), Majangella Giglio-Tos (Svenson & Vollmer, 2014), Otomantis Bolivar (Lombardo et al., 2014), Oxypiloidea Schulthess-Schindler (Roy, 2013c), Oxypilus Serville (Roy & Stiewe, 2013), Pachymantis Saussure (Roy, 2013a), Parahestiasula Lombardo (Lombardo, 1995a) and Phyllothelys Wood-Mason (Ehrmann & Roy, 2009).","The addition of the morphology increased PP for: (i) the clade including Otomantis, Anasigerpes, Chrysomantis and Oxypiloidea (91→ 99); (ii) the clade including Otomantis, Anasigerpes, Chrysomantis, Oxypiloidea, Metacromantis, Psychomantis Giglio-Tos, Majangella, Acromantis, Oligomantis, Rhomantis, Ambivia and Citharomantis (89→ 99); (iii) the node uniting Oxypilinae and Acromantinae taxa (76→ 97); (iv) the node supporting Oxypilinae (including Hestiasula+ Ephestiasula+Parahestiausla) (66→ 97); (v) the node supporting Empusidae+Hymenopodidae (excluding Epaphrodita,\nGalinthias, Harpagomantis, Congoharpax and Pseudoharpax) (77→ 92); and (vi) the node supporting Hymenopodidae (excluding Epaphrodita, Galinthias, Harpagomantis, Congoharpax and Pseudoharpax) (76→ 92).","20C; Edmunds, 1976; Roy, 2013b: figs 2–4), also supported by strongly varying, slender head processes (Roy, 2013b: fig.","20C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chrysomantis Giglio-Tos\n43′.","They usually rest upside down on the trunks of trees (Edmunds, 1976).","The species of Chrysomantis often show a bark and lichen mimicking colouration (Fig.","As in Oxypilinae (see below), ‘boxing’ behaviour has been described for Anasigerpes, Oxypiloidea and Chrysomantis (Edmunds, 1972, 1976) and is known to be present in Otomantis from captive breeding.","20A, B) (=Phylloharpax Werner); - Chrysomantis Giglio-Tos (Fig.","Here, we refer to this group as the plant-mimicking mantises, as a high proportion of the approximately 300 species exhibit ornate morphologies thought to function in plant mimicry for defensive strategies (Edmunds, 1972, 1974, 1976).","6A), but limited clade recovery for a number of relationships includes: (i) a large clade including Hymenopodidae, Empusidae, Phyllothelyinae and Sibyllidae, excluding Epaphrodita musarum but including Stenophylla gallardi Roy and Ambivia undata; (ii) the monophyly of a clade including Galinthias, Congoharpax, Harpagomantis Kirby and Pseudoharpax, which falls outside the clade including all other Hymenopodidae and Empusidae; (iii) the monophyly of Empusidae; (iv) a clade including species of Otomantis, Anasigerpes, Chrysomantis and Oxypiloidea; (v) a clade including Oxypilinae genera Pachymantis, Junodia, Ceratomantis, Oxypilus and Triaenocorypha; (vi) monophyly of Sibyllinae; and (vii) monophyly of Phyllothelyinae."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"],null,["background"],null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3268580920,"citingcorpusid":230557842,"citedcorpusid":54761318,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Prior researches have stated that mulberry leaf and its extracts can modify glycometabolism and lipometabolism in other species such as the rat (Wilson and Islam, 2015) and broilers (Islam et al., 2015).","Mulberry leaves, specifically, have been used as one of the ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetes (Wilson and Islam, 2015; Zhang et al., 2014), atherosclerosis (Chan et al., 2013; Sugimoto et al., 2009), and as an immune enhancer because of their antioxidant…"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2999844612,"citingcorpusid":86783651,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Ehrmann (2002) placed Triaenocorypha dohertii within Pachymantis.","The previous classification scheme presented in Ehrmann (2002) was largely supported in the present analysis.","Presented distribution information for suprageneric taxa and genera are taken from species records in Ehrmann (2002).","Females of Oxypilus are apterous\n(Ehrmann, 2002).","It resembles members of the genus Hestiasula Saussure of which several species do exhibit vertical processes (e.g. Ehrmann, 2002) and have also been recorded in Sri Lanka.","Ambivia Stål, long grouped with other Hymenopodidae taxa (Westwood, 1889; Giglio-Tos, 1927; Sjöstedt, 1930; Mukherjee et al., 1995), was recently moved to Danuriini by Ehrmann (2002) and Otte & Spearman (2005) close to Popa Audinet-Serville (see Schwarz (2004) for review of taxonomic history).","The genus Kishinouyeum was placed within the tribe Danuriini (Mantidae) by Ehrmann (2002) and Otte & Spearman (2005).","…Giglio-Tos, explained below) from Empusidae, Hymenopodidae, Sibyllidae and Phyllothelyinae, recognized in the classification schemes of Ehrmann (2002), Otte & Spearman (2005) and the Mantodea Species File Online (Otte et al., 2015), or recovered in the Svenson & Whiting (2009)…","Although the available resources to build an exhaustive list of taxa to be included in a higher-level revisionary project were informative (Ehrmann, 2002; Otte & Spearman, 2005), we needed to make decisions regarding the treatment of a number of taxa within this study.","Species classified based on Ehrmann (2002).","…Afrotropical Popa (Ambivia; Lombardo, 1995b) as well as forms exhibiting the typical body shape and colouration of bark dwelling members of the polyphyletic ‘Liturgusidae’ (Majangella) to which they have been assigned until recently (e.g. Ehrmann, 2002; Bragg, 2010; see Svenson & Vollmer, 2014)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2906054994,"citingcorpusid":221779317,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", (2006) ([40]), Solanki and Sharma (2001), Swaminathan (1961) ([48]), Gaul (1964) ([8]), Raveendran and Jayabalan (1997) ([32]), Chemma and Atta (2003) ([5]), Barshile (2006) ([3]), reported a decrease in the frequency of chlorophyll mutations at higher concentrations.","However, Mehraj-ud-din el al, (1999) [19], Sharma et al., (2006) [40], Solanki and Sharma (2001), Swaminathan (1961) [48], Gaul (1964) [8], Raveendran and Jayabalan (1997) [32], Chemma and Atta (2003) [5], Barshile (2006) [3], reported a decrease in the frequency of chlorophyll mutations at higher…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2906055189,"citingcorpusid":221779317,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Chlorophyll development seems to be controlled by many genes located on several chromosomes, which could be adjacent to centromere and proximal segment of chromosomes (Swaminathan, 1964) [49].","Chlorophyll development seems to be controlled by many genes located on several chromosomes, which could be adjacent to centromere and proximal segment of chromosomes (Swaminathan, 1964) ([49])."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3976348397,"citingcorpusid":253436803,"citedcorpusid":43159528,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…al., 2019; Hou et al., 2011;\nMollica and Youcef-Toumi, 1997; Ramos et al., 2005), parameter optimization and structural modernization (Ankitha and Rupa Sri, 2021; Czop et al., 2012; Duym, 2000; Więckowski et al., 2018; Wszołek, 2016), as well as research using CFD and FEM analysis (Chen et al.,…"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2137835331,"citingcorpusid":52069031,"citedcorpusid":12417904,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The CRISPR were first described in Escherichia coli by Ishino et al.(4)","The CRISPR were first described in Escherichia coli by Ishino et al.4\nThese repeats are regularly spaced by variable regions (spacers)\nacquired from invading bacteriophages and are used by bacteria to\ndetect and destroy DNA from similar viruses during subsequent attacks.5 A cassette of genes encoding Cas proteins are present next to the CRISPR locus.6 These Cas proteins have helicase and nuclease activities.7 On the other hand, the target DNA was reported to contain 2‐ to 6‐bp long proto‐spacer adjacent motif (PAM), which beacons the activated Cas proteins to find the target sequence.8 In a\nnutshell, the CRISPR system in bacteria relies on the partially transcribed bacterial genome called CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and trans‐ activating RNA (tracrRNA) for the activation of many diverse Cas\nproteins, which bind to the target sequences on viral DNA and foster its cleavage9 (Figure 1).","gene transcription by changing methylation status of the gene and dCas9‐VP64 enhances transcription by recruiting many transcription activators to dCas9 at the target site.(3,4) Moreover, dCas9 can also be used in targeted epigenome editing by using dCas9‐Dnmt3a‐Dnmt3L"],"intents":[["background"],null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2137833428,"citingcorpusid":52069031,"citedcorpusid":37280186,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The virus encodes two oncoproteins; tax (transcriptional activator) and rex (posttranscriptional regulator).(100) As far as the HTLV1 genome editing is concerned, ZFN is the only technique used hitherto."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2186992702,"citingcorpusid":149007314,"citedcorpusid":145751670,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2137835017,"citingcorpusid":52069031,"citedcorpusid":4789284,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["nucleus or integrated in the host cell’s chromosome leading to cellular transformation and tumorigenesis.(45) When latently infected"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3929014043,"citingcorpusid":244245033,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of the powers of human beings (and in particular, the power of choice).\nthe relation of causation John Heil (2016, 132ff; 2017, §5; and following Martin 1993, 2008) contends that causation never has the asymmetrical character of cause and effect but instead consists in the mutual manifestation…","But, as C.B. Martin (1993, 2008) and John Heil (2012) emphasize, at least often it will instead be a matter of mutual manifestation, with the interacting partners coproducing a shared state or process, as with the mutual repulsion of adjacent electrons in the absence of countervailing forces."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3929014026,"citingcorpusid":244245033,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["I will explore this question\n21 Representatives include Ginet (2008), Goetz (1988), McCann (1998), and Pink (2016)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2740928185,"citingcorpusid":128008278,"citedcorpusid":68001447,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3759976276,"citingcorpusid":236229041,"citedcorpusid":45846615,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Rescuing the mitochondrial dysfunction by pharmacological reagents or supplementation with nutrients in foods alleviates the progression of metabolic diseases [42,43], suggesting that improving the mitochondrial dysfunction has therapeutic value in treating metabolic diseases."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2530094811,"citingcorpusid":124461234,"citedcorpusid":20194169,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2902978020,"citingcorpusid":174815642,"citedcorpusid":32700770,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Categorization of lifestyles was based on the considerations outlined above and by Wölfer et al. (2019) using information from the literature (Carraway & Verts, 1993; Nowak, 1999; Thorington et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3277997196,"citingcorpusid":102274982,"citedcorpusid":22944307,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":1010542727,"citingcorpusid":84283635,"citedcorpusid":90590567,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Sommerman KM. 1948.","See Yoshizawa (2001) and Yoshizawa & Lienhard (2004) for group diagnosis."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2907582893,"citingcorpusid":221805973,"citedcorpusid":9398770,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["6-Minute Walk Test The 6-minute Walk Test (6MW) was originally developed for patients with heart failure [33], and it is a reliable and validated measure in evaluating walking ability among older people with dementia [30]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2342977530,"citingcorpusid":155996426,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…Cleveland und Youngstown führte, ist Schrumpfung längst nicht auf diese altindustria-\ndisP 200 · 51.1 (1/2015) 97lisierte Region beschränkt, sondern auch im ländlichen Mittleren Westen und in Teilen des Sunbelt im Süden anzutreffen (vgl. Wiechmann, Pallagst 2012; Hollander 2011; Mallach 2012)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1199257380,"citingcorpusid":169572479,"citedcorpusid":73672378,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These can be categorised into: (a) regulatory measures, (b) market infrastructure, and (c) price policy (Chand 2012).","This is achieved through procurement of grains from farmers and their distribution to consumers through public distribution system (PDS) (Swaminathan 1999; Bajar & Chand 2012).","Therefore, our findings with respect to the marketing channels and their impact on realisation of prices are in conformity with those reported in Chatterjee and Kapur (2016). Corresponding to Peshin et al. (2017), we also included farmers’ access to technical advice as a proxy for information.","Therefore, our findings with respect to the marketing channels and their impact on realisation of prices are in conformity with those reported in Chatterjee and Kapur (2016). Corresponding to Peshin et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":1854591971,"citingcorpusid":84719355,"citedcorpusid":84463251,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…vascular plants and birds) at field level (cf. Wilson et al. 1997; Donald et al. 2001; Joyce 2001; Vickery et al. 2001; Zechmeister and Moser 2001; Roschewitz et al. 2005; Herzog et al. 2006), the rapid growth in China’s per hectare chemical fertiliser application, from less than 10 kg around the…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1663282404,"citingcorpusid":132891770,"citedcorpusid":127922706,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["3.1 Adverse Pressure Gradient\nSystem wide positive pressure is essential to maintain the quality and integrity of the\ndistribution system (Geldreich, 1996).","Trussel (1999) cites Geldreich (1996) and makes the case for maintaining a residual in the distribution system to overcome system contamination that may occur as a result of uncovered reservoirs, crossconnections, construction related contamination, line repairs, inadequate separation between water…","intrusions include low pressure, cross-connections, appurtenance malfunction, improper maintenance or repair, a contamination source, and structural integrity of the system (AWWARF, 2001; LeChevallier, 1999; Geldreich, 1996).","Underlying factors resulting in distribution system intrusions include low pressure, cross-connections, appurtenance malfunction, improper maintenance or repair, a contamination source, and structural integrity of the system (AWWARF, 2001; LeChevallier, 1999; Geldreich, 1996).","Locations experiencing low pressure are more susceptible to backflow at uncontrolled service connections or controlled service connections that may be failing (LeChevallier, 1999; Haas, 1999; Geldreich, 1996)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":819387010,"citingcorpusid":15651347,"citedcorpusid":38600351,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The role of SOCS in TLR/IL-1 signaling will be discussed in-depth in the following section [107].","In addition, the JAK2/ STAT5/IL-6 signaling pathway has also been shown to be repressed by SOCS1 [107]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2981093469,"citingcorpusid":35127269,"citedcorpusid":88550220,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament and the alveolus (British Standards, 1983) and have loosely been described as 'periodontal mechanoreceptors' (for reviews see Hannam, 1982; Linden, 1989)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":987719474,"citingcorpusid":62889228,"citedcorpusid":153525609,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["첫째, 인사부서의 전략적 참여는 인사부서가 경영전략 수립 및 실행과정에 참여하는 정도를 의미하는 것으로 Klaas, McClendon & Gainey(2001)와 Gong, Lwa, & Xin(2004)에게 공통적으로 사용된 문항들을 중심으로 인 적자원패널 설문 문항들에서 추출하였다[20,21]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":866361660,"citingcorpusid":54578864,"citedcorpusid":153525609,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["More typical strategic reasons have recently distinguished HRO, including focus on core competences, ensure organization’s position in the marketplace (Hartman, Ogden & Hazen, 2017), call for participation of HR departments in strategic issues, achieve greater business flexibility, improve quality by achieving economies of scale, gain access to specialized HR external expertise (Butler & Callahan, 2014; Chiang, Chow & Birtch, 2010; Delmotte & Sels, 2008; Gilley, Greer & Rasheed, 2004; Glaister, 2014; Klaas et al., 2001; Klaas, McClendon, & Gainey, 1999; Quartey, 2013) who have competency in the areas concerned and can offer excellent quality and efficiency (Tremblay et al.","…HR external expertise (Butler & Callahan, 2014; Chiang, Chow & Birtch, 2010; Delmotte & Sels, 2008; Gilley, Greer & Rasheed, 2004; Glaister, 2014; Klaas et al., 2001; Klaas, McClendon, & Gainey, 1999; Quartey, 2013) who have competency in the areas concerned and can offer excellent quality and…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1642889791,"citingcorpusid":69832104,"citedcorpusid":206775580,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While robots help us to study nature, the knowledge we obtain while doing it, guides us to make our machines sturdier in tackling perceived and unperceived terrains [194], which is an animal skill desirable to be transferred to robotics."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":813964273,"citingcorpusid":9099258,"citedcorpusid":14902678,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Oral Word Association Test (Gladsjo et al. 1999) (COWAT-FAS), (4) semantic verbal fluency (Gladsjo et al. 1999), (5) Trail Making Test, Parts A and B (Heaton et al. 2004a, b), (6) Wisconsin Card Sorting Test—64 Card Version (WCST-64) (Kongs et al. 2000), (7) Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test…","Third Edition (Heaton et al. 2002), and (10) Heaton Story and Figure Memory Tests (Heaton et al. 2004a, b)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3310634212,"citingcorpusid":233296675,"citedcorpusid":206775580,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The proprioceptive actuator design of the MIT Cheetah robot’s has demonstrated a successful solution to this trade-off [12], but to date has not been implemented on a humanoid robot."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":76832544,"citingcorpusid":29460050,"citedcorpusid":18689415,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…before fluorescent tagging can be undertaken (Du and Eddington 2002), and for others the excess labeling reagents preferably need to be removed from the disaccharides before chromatographic analysis, as their elution can mask disaccharide peaks (Kinoshita and Sugahara 1999; Yamada et al. 2007).","For some labeling chemistries, the disaccharides must be purified before fluorescent tagging can be undertaken (Du and Eddington 2002), and for others the excess labeling reagents preferably need to be removed from the disaccharides before chromatographic analysis, as their elution can mask disaccharide peaks (Kinoshita and Sugahara 1999; Yamada et al. 2007).","…disaccharides can be effective and, in some cases, can allow the continued use of anion exchange to effect separation (Plaas et al. 1996; Kinoshita and Sugahara 1999; Yamada et al. 2007), though, in other cases, the nature of the fluorescent tag may adversely affect their behavior on such columns.","Precolumn fluorescent tagging of disaccharides can be effective and, in some cases, can allow the continued use of anion exchange to effect separation (Plaas et al. 1996; Kinoshita and Sugahara 1999; Yamada et al. 2007), though, in other cases, the nature of the fluorescent tag may adversely affect their behavior on such columns."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2829310184,"citingcorpusid":221408589,"citedcorpusid":2133467,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Carabajal Paladino, L.Z., Nguyen, P., Šíchová, J., Marec, F. (2014) Mapping of single-copy genes by TSA-FISH\nin the codling moth, Cydia pomonella.","Recent advances in insect genomics has led to the development of new molecular cytogenetic methods required for the construction of high-resolution physical maps, such as BAC-FISH (FISH with bacterial artificial chromosomes as probes) and TSA-FISH (FISH with tyramide signal amplification), which represent an important framework for improving the quality of genome assembly, annotation, and analysis (Nguyen et al., 2013; Carabajal Paladino et al., 2014; Yoshido et al., 2014).","…(FISH with bacterial artificial chromosomes as probes) and TSA-FISH (FISH with tyramide signal amplification), which represent an important framework for improving the quality of genome assembly, annotation, and analysis (Nguyen et al., 2013; Carabajal Paladino et al., 2014; Yoshido et al., 2014)."],"intents":[null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":2253273300,"citingcorpusid":147676732,"citedcorpusid":132681893,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Hennessey (1990) writes that the change from lenition to spirantisation is not an indication of the decline of the language, but rather an instance of regular change, and one that has been in progress since the eighteenth century.","As Hennessey (1990) writes, the replacement of other mutations by lenition is not a symptom of language decline, but rather part of the regular process of change in the language."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":279157132,"citingcorpusid":16986454,"citedcorpusid":18049743,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The corresponding representations have been explicitly derived in the case of a variable mass for ( conf 3 ) C [32] and its subalgebras and for a fixed mass for sch 1 and for age 1 [3], from which the form of the potential F in (1.8) can be deduced.","The result is the following: The calculation for different representations gives the results: which for the canonical scaling dimension of the wave function x = reduces to the usual Schr¨odinger-operator in dynamical-mass representation, see [20, 32].","Here we used the generator D of the full dilatations c For applications to non-equilibrium physics, it is of interest to consider as well the corresponding “ almost-parabolic subalgebras ” without the generator N [32], namely ) We shall show in Sec."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2549174314,"citingcorpusid":17425481,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In [16] there are presented ten energy monitoring tools: EnergyHub, Tendril, Onzo, Agilewaves, Google PowerMeter, GreenBox, The Energy Detective, PowerMand, Green Energy Options, and Energy Aware.","Most of the available solutions [16] are oriented on consumer market therefore they do not offer complex features and power management support or integration.","It is out of the scope of this paper to present and compare all these devices, but [16] is a good starting point to explore these solutions."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2756439367,"citingcorpusid":122682955,"citedcorpusid":121603193,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The total length of the computational domain is of 18 m, where the horizontal bottom is 1 m long, with a water depth of h0 = 0.4 m. At the onshore boundary a sponge layer is used, the onshore shelf is 5.65 m long with a depth of 0.04 m. In all the performed simulations cnoidal waves have been generated at the offshore boundary using a generating-absorbing boundary condition [ Van Dongeren and Svendsen, 1997 ]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1674273786,"citingcorpusid":16925816,"citedcorpusid":11695955,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is not hard to read data from RAM and/or ROM of a commodity sensor [7]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":374360388,"citingcorpusid":27060254,"citedcorpusid":85394335,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A range of species are able to accumulate glycine betaine following foliar addition (Makela et al. 1996) and such application of glycine betaine has a positive effects on yield under drought in some grass crops (Agboma et al.1997a) and reduces water requirements in soybean (Agboma et al. 1997b).","A range of species are able to accumulate glycine betaine following foliar addition ( Makela et al. 1996 ) and such application of glycine betaine has a positive effects on yield under drought in some grass crops (Agboma et al.1997a) and reduces water requirements in soybean (Agboma et al. 1997b)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":11490039,"citingcorpusid":13391034,"citedcorpusid":77338234,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…years of life that accrue within a target population as a result of a new technology and adjust the added life years by changes in the quality of life of these patients, who may be better or worse off as a result of the technology (Drummond, Sculpher, Torrance, O’Brien, & Stoddart, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1672531728,"citingcorpusid":81847149,"citedcorpusid":20057124,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In recent time, rising demand for regional anaesthesia (RA) from patients as well as from surgeons, matches the growing realization that RA can offer superior pain management and perhaps improved patient outcome than general anaesthesia (GA), making it an ideal approach for ambulatory and cost-effective surgery [1,2]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3257231934,"citingcorpusid":102702825,"citedcorpusid":97339186,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…physical and chemical processes in the application of ILs have led to more efficient manufacturing pathways for converting renewable biomass-derived carbohydrates and lignin into valuable chemicals and fuels (Tabasso, Carnaroglio, Gaudino, & Cravotto, 2015; Yu, Long, & Wu, 2016; Zhu et al., 2016)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":795349783,"citingcorpusid":33070266,"citedcorpusid":10915786,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…heel of aminoglycosides toxicity; (1) aminoglycosides were shown to inhibit translation and induce miscoding in chicken embryo mitochondria (Kurtz, 1974), and (2) by replacing a 34-nucleotide portion of bacterial 16S rRNA helix 44 with its mitochondrial homolog, it has been demonstrated…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":787470570,"citingcorpusid":53227010,"citedcorpusid":97376134,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For the synthesis of smaller gold nanoparticle core, lower concentrations of TEOS and NH4OH are used to grow silica layer to avoid charge destabilization at high pH and excess silane coupling agent [98].","Not only it is possible to manipulate surface plasmon resonance by these, but the absorption magnitudes and scattering cross section also rely strongly on these factors [98]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":603870985,"citingcorpusid":56683018,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Grimshaw (1993) also says that \"practices participating in the first phase of scanning were\nthose practices with representatives on an ad hoc Community screening research committee and\nadditional practices suggested by members of this group.","  ¢ ¥ ¬ £ ¡ ¥$ 5 $ 5 5 5 $ 5 5 $ 5 5 5 $ 5 5 $ 5 5 5 $ 5 5 $ 5 5 ª ¨ Ñ Ã1á ¥ ¡ Æ ¡ ¢ Å)© ¤ ¢ ¥   ¥ ÈØ 5 5 $ 5 5 5 $ 5 5 5 $ 5 5 $ 5 5 5 $ 5 5 $ 5 5 5 $ 5 5 $ 5 5 ª ¨\n¨ +«)¬ £ ¡ ® £ ¢$² £ ¥ ¥ Æ ¯ Å ¢ £ ¥0 5 5 5 $ 5 5 $ 5 5 5 $ 5 5 5 $ 5 5 $ 5 5 5 $ 5 5 $ 5 5 5 $ 5 5 $ 5 5 ª ¦ ¨ 6Ï ¢ ®   ¡ Ì Æ ¯ Å ¢   ¡ ¢5É   ¯ ÆxÐ Ì Ð)  ¥ È.² ¥ ¢ ¥Ô 5 $ 5 5 5 $ 5 5 $ 5 5 5 $ 5 5 $ 5 5 ª ¦ ¨ Ï ¢ ®   ¡ Ì £ ¯ ÓAÉ   ¯ ÆxÆ ¯ Å ¢   ¡ ¢5  ¥ È)² ¥ ¢ ¥) 5 5 $ 5 5 5 $ 5 5 $ 5 5 5 $ 5 5 $ 5 5 ª °\nÃ\n4\n3.11.3 Multi-categorical models\n3.12 Measurement error and classification\n3.13 Conclusions\nGraphical modelling\n95\n96\n97\n99\n4.1 Abstract 99\n4.2 Graphical modelling 99\n4.2.1 Definitions 101\n4.2.2 Loglinear models 104\n4.2.3 Graphical Gaussian models 105\n4.2.4 Mixed graphical models 106\n4.2.5 Selection procedures in MIM 107\n4.2.6 Chain graphs 109\n4.2.7 Graphical model classifiers 110\n4.3 Results from CASP data 112\n4.3.1 Alternative coding 113\n4.3.2 Bayesian Network Classifiers 115\n4.4 Chain graphs 119\n4.5 Occam's window model selection 125\n4.6 EM algorithm imputation 130\n4.7 Aortic diameter as mixture of components 141\n4.8 Aortic diameter growth models for mixture of components 148\n4.9 Conclusions 152\n5 Case study II: Diabetic retinopathy 153\n5.1 Abstract 153\n5.2 Medical background 153\n5.2.1 Diabetes mellitus 153\n5.2.2 Diabetic eye disease 155\n5.3 EKSAGE data 159\n5.3.1 Data cleaning and cross-checking 160\n5.4 Missing data 162\n5.5 Data coding 165\n5.6 Data description 167\nâ ã ä ä ã â å)æ ç è é ê ë ì è í î ï ð é ë ì ç ñ ï ò í ç ó$ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ô õ â ã ä ö&å)í ì ó æ ð í ñ í ÷ è í ð ð ï ð0ì ÷ ò)ë ç ì ó ó é ø ë ì è é ï ÷Bã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ô ù â ã ä âAú ï ÷ ë ç æ ó é ï ÷ óAã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ô û\nü ý þ ÿ ÿ ã ä ó è ð ì ë è.ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ô ô ã ö 5ð ì é ë ì ç ñ ï ò í ç ç é ÷ îÝã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ô ô\nã ö ã ä 0í ø ÷ é è é ï ÷ ó ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ä ä ã ö ã ö ï î ç é ÷ í ì ð0ñ ï ò í ç óAã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ä ã ö ã â ð ì é ë ì ç 5ì æ ó ó é ì ÷.ñ ï ò í ç óBã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ä õ ã ö ã }å)é í ò.î ð ì é ë ì ç ñ ï ò í ç óxã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ä ù ã ö ã õ í ç í ë è é ï ÷ ð ï ë í ò æ ð í ó é ÷ å ! å<ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ä û ã ö ã ù}ú\" ì é ÷)î ð ì óDã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ä ô ã ö ã û# ð ì é ë ì ç ñ ï ò í ç ë ç ì ó ó é ø í ð ó ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ä ä\nã â $0í ó æ ç è ó&% ð ï ñBú& ' (Dò ì è ì)ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ä ä ö ã â ã ä 0ç è í ð ÷ ì è é ) í$ë ï ò é ÷ îÙã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ä ä â ã â ã ö * ì + í ó é ì ÷ ,0í è - ï ð .)ú ç ì ó ó é ø í ð ó ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ä ä õ ã ú\" ì é ÷.î ð ì ó ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ä ä ô ã õ0/5ë ë ì ñ 1 ó\"-0é ÷ ò ï -Añ ï ò í ç ó í ç í ë è é ï ÷Ýã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ä ö õ ã ù32 åÙì ç î ï ð é è ñ é ñ4 æ è ì è é ï ÷ ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ä â ã û3 ï ð è é ë5ò é ì ñ í è í ð ì ó ñ é è æ ð í$ï % ë ï ñ5 ï ÷ í ÷ è óØã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ä ä ã 6 ï ð è é ë5ò é ì ñ í è í ð0î ð ï -0è )ñ ï ò í ç ó&% ï ð0ñ é è æ ð í$ï % ë ï ñ5 ï ÷ í ÷ è ó)ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ä 6 ã ô ú ï ÷ ë ç æ ó é ï ÷ óAã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã$ã5ã5ã ä õ ö","A further 9500 invitations to screen were issued to a previously unscreened population (Grimshaw 1993).","A further 9500 invitations to screen were issued\nto a previously unscreened population (Grimshaw 1993).","-î ô?û õ$ \" nï ô ù ñ ö \" #nø þ þ ô ï ?ú ñnû ù?ý - ( û ó ñ þ / Wþ ø ù ø û þ Tø ú ÷$2 û ó ï ö ú ü ö ñ ý ø ó ø ù ÿOó ô ñWü ö ñ ú ñ ù ñWï ò î ø ÿ ô ó Tô ö ñ û ó ñ ù ø ù ÿ nñ ó ø ù ï ü?û ó ô û ónü ö ñ ú ñ ù ó û ó ø ï ù ó ï û nø û ?ñ ó ø $ Tñ ó ø ù ï ü?û ó ô ) þ ø ù ø ( ï ú ó ñ önü ö ñ ú ñ ù ó û ó ø ï ù û ó / , , ï ù ò ñ ö ñ ù ñ 3nñ õ14Oö þ ñ û ù?ú Oî ,$\n- ( û ó ñ þ nî Wî û ø þ ñ ú ô 0 Cû þ þ ø ú Tî ( ô ø þ ø ü 0*+ Tî ñ ø ù #$ nû ù?ý ñ û \" Tî ô?û õ$ \" #nø þ þ ô ï ?ú ñ û ù?ý \" Oï ô ù ñ ö / Wþ ø ù ø û þEö ø ú ÷ ò û ó ï ö úTü ö ñ ý ø ó ø ù ÿ ó ô ñ)ü ö ñ ú ñ ù ñ)ï òWî ø ÿ ô ó Tô ö ñ û ó ñ ù ø ù ÿ) Tñ ó ø ù ï ü?û ó ô ø ù ü?û ó ø ñ ù ó úTõnø ó ô ý ø û ?ñ ó ñ únû ónü ö ñ ú ñ ù ó û ó ø ï ù ó ï û nø û ?ñ ó ø 5 nñ ó ø ù ï ü?û ó ô . þ ø ù ø ,6 ï ô ï ö ónú ó ?ý 4Oö û þ ü ö ñ ú ñ ù ó û ó ø ï ù û ónó ô ñ 7 ó ô)8 ù ó ñ ö ù?û ó ø ï ù?û þ nø û ?ñ ó ñ ú02 ñ ý ñ ö û ó ø ï ù) ï ù ò ñ ö ñ ù ñ ( û ö ø ú 2 ö û ù ñ\nû ù?ý ø ù ï ó ô ñ önü?û ü?ñ ö ú ?ñ ø ù ÿ õnö ø ó ó ñ ù ï ö ï õnö ø ó ó ñ ù) ) Cû þ þ ø ú\n9\nContents\n1 Introduction 13\n1.1 Applications of statistics in medicine 13\n1.2 Structure of this thesis 15\n2 Preliminary analysis 16\n2.1 Abstract 16\n2.2 Abdominal aortic aneurysm and screening 16\n2.2.1 Medical screening 16\n2.2.2 Case selection 17\n2.2.3 Medical background 18\n2.3 CASP data 19\n2.4 Data cleaning 20\n2.4.1 Missing data 21\n2.4.2 Cross-checking 23\n2.5 Data coding 25\n2.5.1 Extracting data from text 25\n2.5.2 Importance of sensible coding 26\n2.6 Data description 27\n2.7 Univariate analysis 28\n2.8 Bivariate analysis 29\n2.9 Multivariate exploratory analysis 31\n2.10 Results 32\n2.10.1 Missing data and cross-checking 32\n2.10.2 Data coding 35\n2.11 Data description 36\n:<;>=>?","Grimshaw (2002) \"Exploratory analysis using graphical models\".","The dataset made available for our statistical analysis included 3375 people that participated in the\nBirmingham Community Aneurysm Screening Project (CASP) under the same screening protocol.","Aortic Screening Project (CASP) (Grimshaw 1993) between 1989 and 1993.","2.3 CASP data\nThe data analysed for the abdominal aortic aneurysm case study were collected for the Community\nAortic Screening Project (CASP) (Grimshaw 1993) between 1989 and 1993."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null,null,null,["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":184893671,"citingcorpusid":5640397,"citedcorpusid":46497755,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These include simply “sonography/ultrasound” [4–6], “reflux sonography” [7], “cystography” [8–10], “cystosonography” [11–15], “cystourethrosonography” [16] and “urosonography” [17– 23]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":184894108,"citingcorpusid":5640397,"citedcorpusid":20411719,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[55] performed VUS with cyclical filling (two fillings) and the mean duration of the VUS was 24 min (range 15–30 min).","[55] evaluated cyclical filling in 49 children (age range 1.","In two of the studies, two cycles of bladder filling including Levovist administration were carried out with scanning in fundamental mode [54, 55]."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2122935170,"citingcorpusid":219840285,"citedcorpusid":172013760,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ODL has a long history in Turkey and can be examined in four distinct generations (Figure 1): the first generation covers the period of 1923-1955 and involved discussions and suggestions; the second generation covers the period of 1956-1975 and involved distance education being carried out in the form of correspondence (1956-1975); the third generation covers the period of 1976-1995 and involved distance education being conducted through the use of audio-visual tools (1976-1995); and finally, the fourth generation covers the period of 1996-present and involves the use of ICT-based applications (Bozkurt, 2017).","…(1956-1975); the third generation covers the period of 1976-1995 and involved distance education being conducted through the use of audio-visual tools (1976-1995); and finally, the fourth generation covers the period of 1996-present and involves the use of ICT-based applications (Bozkurt, 2017)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3792757443,"citingcorpusid":704121,"citedcorpusid":22482682,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Salmonellae have been isolated from pork sausage by a number of investigators in recent years (2, 8, 14)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1746598340,"citingcorpusid":153010937,"citedcorpusid":153017417,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In co ntrast to the traditional trade theory, the theoretical models of trade and growth (Krugman 1987; Lucas, 1988; Grossman and Helpman 1991; Redding 1999) and the models of the new economic geography (Krugman and Venables, 1995, Fujita et al.","In co ntrast to the traditional trade theory, the theoretical models of trade and growth (Krugman 1987; Lucas, 1988; Grossman and Helpman 1991; Redding 1999) and the models of the new economic geography (Krugman and Venables, 1995, Fujita et al. 199 9) offer a dyn amic approach to explain the…"],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2468153697,"citingcorpusid":3031263,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["HYPER-HEURISTICS AND THE NURSE ROSTERING PROBLEM\nHyper-heuristics provide a more generalized solution to the problem and search a heuristic space instead of a solution space which is typical of most optimization techniques [9]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3962554532,"citingcorpusid":152117266,"citedcorpusid":145206057,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["“What are we to assume Edward Cullen and his teen bride suggest about the current, purportedly postfeminist, socio-political context with regard to young women?”","Focus group questions centred on the representation of the lead female protagonist, Bella Swan, and her vampire love-interest, Edward Cullen, and the significant phases in their relationship as depicted in the film Twilight (2008).","…romance and instead focus on the problematic representations of gender roles and the ‘abusive’ nature of the romance, both physically and emotionally, depicted in the film through the characters of Bella Swan and her vampire partner Edward Cullen (Kokkola, 2011:179; Taylor, 2012:32; Taylor, 2014).","It is in Forks that she meets Edward Cullen, the wealthy and mysterious young man who is the romantic obsession of many of the girls at Forks High.","79 studies on the reception of the film have been focused on the extent to which the film constitutes a feminist or anti-feminist depiction of romance (Taylor, 2012; Taylor, 2014).","While the profound appeal of Twilight (2008) to women of multiple ages is more than evident, theorists and critics appear to neglect the female audience’s interpretation of the romance and instead focus on the problematic representations of gender roles and the ‘abusive’ nature of the romance, both physically and emotionally, depicted in the film through the characters of Bella Swan and her vampire partner Edward Cullen (Kokkola, 2011:179; Taylor, 2012:32; Taylor, 2014).","…of selected female South African viewers’ perceptions of the romance between Bella and Edward in the film Twilight (2008)\nstudies on the reception of the film have been focused on the extent to which the film constitutes a feminist or anti-feminist depiction of romance (Taylor, 2012; Taylor, 2014)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":886568496,"citingcorpusid":3496321,"citedcorpusid":46632540,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There are some overlapping symptoms between schizophrenia and autism, particularly the negative symptoms (poverty of speech and volition, social withdrawal, and blunt affect) [14,15].","and schizophrenia as described in [10-15].","Pharmacological treatments have also suggested that GPRs are the common target molecules in psychiatric disorders including ASD and schizophrenia [14]."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2110531065,"citingcorpusid":80011854,"citedcorpusid":46632540,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The CARS is one of the most widely used diagnostic tools for ASD and as the primary outcome measure too (11-15)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1857711487,"citingcorpusid":81660918,"citedcorpusid":16698148,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["10 (Librado and Rozas 2009) based on the complete Cytb dataset.","MORAVEC ET AL.24 · Zootaxa 2894 © 2011 Magnolia Press\nThe analyzed Cytb sequences contained no indels or stop codons (checked in DnaSP 5.10 software; Librado and Rozas 2009).","Average genetic uncorrected p-distances were calculated in DnaSP 5.10 (Librado and Rozas 2009) based on the complete Cytb dataset.","24 · Zootaxa 2894 © 2011 Magnolia Press The analyzed Cytb sequences contained no indels or stop codons (checked in DnaSP 5.10 software; Librado and Rozas 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4077469159,"citingcorpusid":257014365,"citedcorpusid":12198692,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Apart from perioperative outcomes, long operative times were observed in robotic lobectomies compared to VATS lobectomies (10,12).","Other multi-institutional studies reported similar perioperative outcomes (11,12)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":919552997,"citingcorpusid":10299929,"citedcorpusid":155663354,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…healthcare entities are striving to realize their goals through rendering their part to the patients either by adopting readymade health systems or designing the system as per the requirements of the organization (Hayajneh and Zaghloul, 2012; Anwar et al ., 2011; Khan, 2016; Askoul et al ., 2016)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1029572758,"citingcorpusid":92057664,"citedcorpusid":19102309,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Strain OB3b was isolated on Whittenbury media with 100 other methanotrophs [222] and can also transform chlorinated compounds [208, 223-227], naphthalene [228], phenanthrene [228], vanillyl alcohols [229], veratryl alcohols [229], and cyclopropane [226] via sMMO, pMMO, and methanol dehydrogenase [229].","Oxygenase enzymes have broad substrate specificity and have been shown to degrade methane [206], toluene [207, 208], and chlorinated compounds [209].","These bacteria have been shown to co-metabolize trichloroethylene (TCE) and three isomers of dichloroethylene [208, 215] with toluene, benzene, o-cresol, or other aromatic compounds as carbon and energy sources [133, 208, 215-218].","Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances PFASs\nAqueous Fire-Fighting Foams AFFFS Perfluoroalkyl sulfonates PFSAs Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates PFCAs Electrochemical fluorination ECF Tetrafluoroethylene TFE Fluorotelomer alcohol FTOH Saturated fluorotelomer carboxlic acids FTCAs Unsaturated fluorotelomer carboxylic acids FTUCAs Lignin peroxidase LiP Manganese peroxidase MnP 1H,1H,2H,2H,8H,8H-perfluorododecanol DTFA Trichloroethylene TCE Dichloroethylene DCE Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid potassium salt PFOS·K+ Perfluoro-n-[1,2,3,4-13C]octanoic acid MPFOA Sodium perfluoro-1-[1,2,3,4-13C]octane sulfonate MPFOS Perfluoroalkyl acids PFAAs Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR Internal Transcribed Spacer ITS Malt Extract ME Yeast Peptone Dextrose YPD Potato Dextrose PD Difco-Czapek Dox DCD Luria Broth LB Ammonium Mineral Salts AMS\nx\nGas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector GC-FID Total Ionic Strength Adjustment Buffer TISAB Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometer LC/MS/MS Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid F(CF2)4SO3H PFBS Perfluorobutyric acid F(CF2)3COOH PFBA Perfluoropentanoic acid F(CF2)4COOH PFPeA Perfluorohexanoic acid F(CF2)5COOH PFHxA Perfluoroheptanoic acid F(CF2)6COOH PFHpA Perfluorooctanoic acid F(CF2)7COOH PFOA Perfluorononanoic acid F(CF2)8COOH PFNA Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid F(CF2)8SO3H PFOS 7:2 Polyfluorinated ketone F(CF2)7C(O)CH3 7:2 Ketone 5:2 Polyfluorinated ketone F(CF2)5C(O)CH3 5:2 Ketone 8:2 Fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylic acid F(CF2)7CF=CHCOOH 8:2 FTUA 6:2 Fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylic acid F(CF2)5CF=CHCHO 6:2 FTUA 8:2 Fluorotelomer saturated carboxylic acid F(CF2)8CH2COOH 8:2 FTA 6:2 Fluorotelomer saturated carboxylic acid F(CF2)6CH2COOH 6:2 FTA 7:3 Polyfluorinated acid F(CF2)7CH2CH2COOH 7:3 acid 5:3 Polyfluorinated acid F(CF2)5CH2CH2COOH 5:3 Acid 4:3 Polyfluorinated acid F(CF2)4CH2CH2COOH 4:3 Acid 3:3 Polyfluorinated acid F(CF2)3CH2CH2COOH 3:3 Acid 6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol F(CF2)6CH2CH2OH 6:2 FTOH 8:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol F(CF2)8CH2CH2OH 8:2 FTOH 7:3 Polyfluorinated unsaturated acid F(CF2)7CH=CHCOOH 7:3 Uacid 5:3 Polyfluorinated unsaturated acid F(CF2)5CH=CHCOOH 5:3 Uacid 7:2 Secondary polyfluorinated alcohol F(CF2)7CH(OH)CH3 7:2 sFTOH 5:2 Secondary polyfluorinated alcohol F(CF2)5CH(OH)CH3 5:2 sFTOH\nxi","B. cepacia G4 utilizes toluene monooxygenase to degrade TCE [219, 220] while P. putida F1 utilizes toluene dioxygenase to degrade TCE [208, 215, 221].","putida F1 utilizes toluene dioxygenase to degrade TCE [208, 215, 221]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1029570655,"citingcorpusid":92057664,"citedcorpusid":19543926,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1), a known soft-rot fungi that causes wood decay and discoloration [249-252]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":20696068,"citingcorpusid":51748645,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Die jeweiligen letztlich erhaltenen Kraftfelder der 3 Chlorotitanationen wurden zur Berechnung ihrer mittleren Schwingungsamplituden [17, 18] für alle bindenden und nichtbindenden interatomaren Abstände benutzt.","Als Besonderheit sind die Ti . . . Ti mittleren Schwingungsamplituden des Ti2Cl9~ signifikant kürzer als die entsprechenden Ti2Clio2~-Werte, was eine stärkere Metall-Metall-Wechselwirkung in Ti2Cl9_ anzeigt.","Im allgemeinen sind jedoch nur geringe Unterschiede der Ti ... CI mittlere Schwingungsamplitudenwerte vorhanden, wobei CI sowohl äquatorial als auch axial angeordnet sein kann.","Mittlere Schwingungsamplituden\nDie jeweiligen letztlich erhaltenen Kraftfelder der 3 Chlorotitanationen wurden zur Berechnung ihrer mittleren Schwingungsamplituden [17, 18] für alle bindenden und nichtbindenden interatomaren Abstände benutzt.","9 sind alle mittleren Schwingungsamplituden für TiClö- und einige ausgewählte Werte für Ti2Clio2_ und Ti2Cl9~ bei 0 und 298 K zusammengefaßt.","Mittlere Schwingungsamplituden (Ä) für TiCls- und einige ausgewählte Werte für die Dimeren TiaClio2- und Ti2Cl9- bei O und 298 K.\nAbstand Ti2Clio2- TiCl5- Ti2Cl9-\nOK 298 K OK 298 K\nCleq Clax\n0,051 0,050\n0,066 0,063\n0,048 0,050\n0,058 \\ 0,061 j\nClbr 0,053 0,072 — - ... Cleq ... Clax 0,071 0,075 0,113 0,128 0,061 0,075 0,088 1 0,133 /\n... Clax 0,053 0,066 0,052 0,063\n... Clbr 0,061 0,091 — - ..Ti 0,056 0,104 — —","Sogar die mittleren Schwingungsamplituden für Ti ... Clbr (Brückenchloratom) sind nicht viel größer 0,003—0,01 Ä) als jene der endständigen Chloratome."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3669562374,"citingcorpusid":246710293,"citedcorpusid":221805701,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The forensic world of the “dead” is complementary to that of clinical research on the “living”, traveling together for scientific research of any pathology [48,77,78].","Several weeks later, full autopsies were performed again, playing a vital role in understanding the pathophysiology of the SARS-CoV-2 infection [48,77,78]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2433857472,"citingcorpusid":2650621,"citedcorpusid":40796823,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Bacterial pathogens have evolved mechanisms to interfere with phagocytosis in order to enhance their extracellular survival and impair the development of cellular immunity (25)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3886830980,"citingcorpusid":73457573,"citedcorpusid":158042506,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of the causes of DV along with victim-blaming attitudes have been shown to correlate with inappropriate responses to DV incidents and victims, as well as high levels of frustration among CJ professionals, regardless of their level of DV training (Horwitz et al., 2011; Toon & Hart, 2005).","A primary goal of these efforts was to challenge traditional gender role biases and victim blaming attitudes that research showed correlated with inappropriate professional responses and high levels of frustrations among CJ professionals (Horwitz et al., 2011; Toon & Hart, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1819179919,"citingcorpusid":55116322,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…eastern Dharwar craton (EDC) based on the characteristics of greenstone belts, degree of metamorphism, age and nature of the gneissic rocks (e.g., Swami Nath and Ramakrishnan 1981; Radhakrishna and Vaidyanathan 1997; Chadwick et al 2000; Jayananda et al 2000; Ramakrishnan and Vaidyanathan 2010).","The Dharwar craton consists primarily of greenstonegranite gneiss terrain, and has been subdivided into two parts, namely the western Dharwar craton (WDC) and the eastern Dharwar craton (EDC) based on the characteristics of greenstone belts, degree of metamorphism, age and nature of the gneissic rocks (e.g., Swami Nath and Ramakrishnan 1981; Radhakrishna and Vaidyanathan 1997; Chadwick et al 2000; Jayananda et al 2000; Ramakrishnan and Vaidyanathan 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2166432773,"citingcorpusid":141027246,"citedcorpusid":33099827,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Its influence has been explored from different perspectives, including philosophy, anthropology, linguistics, psychology, biology, and the organizational sciences (Dunbar, 2004; Kniffin & Wilson, 2010; Noon & Delbridge, 1993; for a review, see Foster, 2004).","Such an omission from the gossip literature has restricted our understanding of what factors might mitigate or exacerbate gossip’s effects (Foster, 2004).","Because perceived negative workplace gossip contains unfavorable content that undermines one’s role and social image in the organization (Foster, 2004), the incorporation of such negative information into the target’s self-concept leads to deteriorated OBSE (Pierce & Gardner)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2106367868,"citingcorpusid":45760092,"citedcorpusid":33099827,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Given the substantial amount of time people spend talking about their social environment (Foster, 2004), once these audiences have learnt the biased representation about the social group, they may further transmit it to still others."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1874001881,"citingcorpusid":56170961,"citedcorpusid":51622163,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A549 100 μM for 24 h Suppresses EMT, TGF-β-induced EMT, and cell invasive potential [63]","effect was found to be mediated by its inhibitory effect on PI3K, Akt, and mTOR k nases [63].","This effect was found to be mediated by its inhibitory effect on PI3K, Akt, and mTOR kinases [63].","In a recent study from our group, bergamottin was shown to exhibit an inhibitory effect on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in lung cancer cells [63]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4011267184,"citingcorpusid":249205646,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For this reason the REM is studied by computer simulation.","One should then conclude that the discrepancy between the linear [22] and the quadratic [23] field dependences of the diffusion constant reported in the literature is due to the different space dimensionalities considered in the two approaches.","2 for the REM.","Later the authors of [21] studied the quantity D(F ) − D(0) by computer simulations in more detail [23] and found a quadratic dependence of D(F ) − D(0) on F at low fields and no turn-over to linear field dependence as suggested by Bouchaud and Georges [22].","(2) and (3), which we call the Random-Energy-Model (REM).","2 it was shown that for hopping in 1D the diffusion coefficient D depends linearly on the electric field for both the RMB and the REM.","2 One-dimensional systems\nIn this section the field dependence of the diffusion coefficient for hopping in a one-dimensional chain will be obtained, both for the RBM and the REM.","The results clearly demonstrate a quadratic field dependence of the diffusion coefficient at low fields, in agreement with previous simulations [23].",": Diffusion in an electric field diffusion constant between computer simulations [23] and analytical calculations [22] is due to different models (RBM [22] against REM [23]) or is it due to different dimensionalities considered in these two approaches (1D in analytical calculations [22] against 3D in computer simulations [23]).","The only way to answer this question is to obtain the diffusion coefficient in the REM in 1D and to compare it with the results for the RBM in 1D on one hand and with the results for the REM in 3D on the other hand.","A similar behavior is seen for the one-dimensional REM in Fig.","Equations (10) and (11) can be applied to the RBM but not to the REM, since in the REM the rates of consecutive hops are correlated.","The question arises then on whether this discrepancy in the field dependences of the\nwww.ann-phys.org c© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim\ndiffusion constant between computer simulations [23] and analytical calculations [22] is due to different models (RBM [22] against REM [23]) or is it due to different dimensionalities considered in these two approaches (1D in analytical calculations [22] against 3D in computer simulations [23]).","The results for both RBM and REM give a linear field dependence of the diffusion coefficient at low fields in the 1D case.","In contrast to the treatment in [17, 21, 23], we simulate transport in an infinite lattice of sites (using periodic boundary conditions) and follow the motion of all charge carriers for a fixed time t, instead of considering a sample of some fixed size.","We conclude that the different field dependencies reported previously [22, 23] are caused by the different dimensionalities of the systems."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["background"],null,null,null,["result"],["background"],null,null,null,null,null,["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1956994712,"citingcorpusid":150357197,"citedcorpusid":145756930,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There is research supporting the idea these skills can be successfully taught in the science classroom setting (Best et al, 2004; Litman & Greenleaf, 2008; Maaka & Ward, 2000)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3298161548,"citingcorpusid":232384974,"citedcorpusid":7535030,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[6] Case Series Glioblastoma multiforme (n."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":554994424,"citingcorpusid":54916830,"citedcorpusid":8595170,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(1) This surge of epidemiology clarified our understanding of research designs, helped with the proposal of simple large clinical studies encouraged by the group of Oxford led by Richard Peto, and tried to solve the problem of causal inference in a multicausal world, enabling us to develop the power provided by the emergence of computers to dominate the complex analysis of multiple variables.","In this framework, Mervin Susser (1) puts forward an epidemiological theory unifying diverse phenomena at different levels, from social causes (superior level) through the person (individual level) reaching the disease at the molecular level (inferior level)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":854106193,"citingcorpusid":28760272,"citedcorpusid":31885408,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This is because the eEPSCs and mEPSCs recorded in this study were completely eliminated by 10–20 M CNQX, and this finding is consistent with previous studies using similar techniques (Yang et al. 2000; Yoshimura and Nishi 1993; Yoshimura et al. 1993).","The lamina II has a distinct translucent appearance and can be easily distinguished under the microscope (Woodbury et al. 2000; Yoshimura and Nishi 1993).","Recordings of eEPSCs were similar to mEPSCs as described in the preceding text except that TTX was not used (Yoshimura and Nishi 1993).","Although not examined in this study, the stimulation parameters used likely stimulated both A- and C-fiber afferents (Yoshimura and Jessell 1989; Yoshimura and Nishi 1993).","Activation of the central terminals of primary afferents can cause glutamate release (Yoshimura and Jessell 1990; Yoshimura and Nishi 1993)."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["result"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":296069915,"citingcorpusid":260001,"citedcorpusid":18046506,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["5 Johnson and Charniak (2004) 79.","The parsing-based approaches refer to parsers that detect disfluencies, as well as identifying the syntactic structure of the sentence (Rasooli and Tetreault, 2013; Honnibal and Johnson, 2014; Yoshikawa et al., 2016)."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":247930545,"citingcorpusid":23935057,"citedcorpusid":28427176,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The test concentrations of HS (CHS) were 0.5mg, 5mg, and 50mgC/L (with 0–50mg/L to represent typical surface and groundwater concentration of DOM [23]) andmeasured using a ThermoHiper TOCAnalyzer.","Therefore, to better elucidate the toxic effects of AgNPs, further study is needed to probe the chronic toxicity potential of AgNPs in the presence of DOM.","Accordingly, DOM might alleviate the toxicity of AgNPs to ecological species.","Gao et al. [18] also showed that AgNP’s toxicity to an aquatic invertebrate (Ceriodaphnia dubia) decreased with increasing Suwannee River DOM concentration.","Dissolved organic matter (DOM), ubiquitous in natural water, is known to adsorb onto colloidal particles readily, modify their surface properties, and consequently, significantly alter the transport pattern [15].","The effects of DOM, however, on the aquatic toxicity of AgNPs are still only incompletely understood, especially as DOM alters the physicochemical properties of AgNPs in water.","In addition, limited studies suggest that the complexation of AgNPs with DOM can alter the toxicity of AgNPs to ecological species.","Yang et al. [19] found that Pony Lake DOM reduced toxicity of AgNPs to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans more effectively than Suwannee River DOM.","5mg, 5mg, and 50mgC/L (with 0–50mg/L to represent typical surface and groundwater concentration of DOM [23]) andmeasured using a ThermoHiper TOCAnalyzer."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1039657782,"citingcorpusid":99889487,"citedcorpusid":28427176,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Ratios of certain wavelengths have also been reported to be useful in the\ncharacterization of NOM such as: A254/A436, A254/A204 and A250/A365 (Spencer et al.,\n2007; Li et al., 2009).","characterization of NOM such as: A254/A436, A254/A204 and A250/A365 (Spencer et al., 2007; Li et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1217392458,"citingcorpusid":196832057,"citedcorpusid":7631073,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However, ET’s reference to physical theories makes it clear that they are not limiting their sweeping “mere tool” claim echoing Connes (see [50]) to pedagogy.","They mention Connes’ critique and the rebuttal that appeared in [50], and then point out that “the real issue” is not the abstruse one of the details of the mathematical definitions, but rather an alleged inapplicability in physics:","Thus the ET criticism of the rebuttal of Connes in [50] involves the fallacy of moving the goalposts.","ET proceed to relate to the rebuttal as developed in [50] of Connes’ critique, which involves two separate points:","Now the dart objection is also an objection Connes formulated, but it is a different one, and the response to that in [50] was different, as well.","The article [50] argues that his critique is incoherent.","Namely, as argued in [50], Connes places himself on the purely mathematical plane (the chimera track of Section 2."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":448133871,"citingcorpusid":33593493,"citedcorpusid":21020017,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Cell adhesion molecules provide not only for intercellular binding, but also participate in signal transduction (2, 8)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3983773345,"citingcorpusid":253679131,"citedcorpusid":125527860,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["5), which has been investigated in several papers (Bandi et al. 2013; Bujny et al. 2016; Duddeck et al. 2017; Duddeck and Volz Duddeck and Volz 2012; Guo et al. 2011b; Patel et al. Patel et al. 2009b; Sun et al. 2018c; Zeng et al. Zeng and Duddeck 2017)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1047693319,"citingcorpusid":108742677,"citedcorpusid":137142504,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Therefore, with the wonderful idea inspired by the slippery zone and the similar bionic method involved in another aspect of biomimeticing engineering (REN et al., 2007; SUN et al., 2009; ZHANG et al.,2007), slippery plates bearing similar surface structures and function can be created."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":892519473,"citingcorpusid":22780924,"citedcorpusid":21451961,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Organ-specific changes in sympathetic nerve traffic have been demonstrated convincingly (Ramchandra et al. 2009, 2013, Yoshimoto et al. 2010a,b), recently also in response to sodium loading (Frithiof et al. 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3180957816,"citingcorpusid":36853094,"citedcorpusid":115136454,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is well known that there are many rigidity results for hypersurfaces in S(1) with constant mean curvature or constant scalar curvature (see [1], [4], [10]), but few of submanifolds with higher codimension in S(1), especially, if the submanifolds are complete."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":46633036,"citingcorpusid":11303551,"citedcorpusid":5997569,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The service time is a function of the workload characteristics, and is of the form: StimeWi = c(req size, req rate, rw ratio, random/sequential, cache hit rate...)\nThe wait time represents the time spent in the queue due to interleaving with other workload streams arriving at the component."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":836469392,"citingcorpusid":59499444,"citedcorpusid":15108492,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The addition of Si in culture media is necessary for the formation of bio silica cell wall of diatoms (Kroger et al., 1999; Ponomorenko et al., 2004; Sumper & Bunner, 2006; Schwenk et al., 2013).","Several studies found that carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and sterol composition of microalgae were high in late logarithmic phase or at the onset of stationary phase (Mansour et al., 2003; Ponomorenko et al., 2004; MartinezHernandez et al., 2006; Schwenk et al., 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3903844225,"citingcorpusid":118504500,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["7 has been observed for the HMF model [94] in the situation where the system undergoes a dynamical phase transition from a non-magnetized state to a magnetized state [95]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2376246832,"citingcorpusid":110349612,"citedcorpusid":137102053,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[10] showed that cracks originate from shallow pits during SCC of the X65 pipeline steel in simulated soil solution.","Pitting corrosion is considered as the first step of the SCC mechanism of pipeline steels [10].","[10], SCC of pipeline steels can be initiated in the bottom of a pit."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3369184800,"citingcorpusid":235592829,"citedcorpusid":198494933,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, the continuously increasing popularity of social robots is another eminent field that can be greatly benefited by tracking user’s mental state, offering more organic and engaging human-robot interaction [8] or user-specific services [7]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3258518685,"citingcorpusid":154049769,"citedcorpusid":153815574,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, Bessler (1984), Taylor and Spriggs (1989), Lapp (1990) and Saghaina, Reed, and Marhant (2002) empirically estimate the impacts of monetary policy on agricultural and manufactured prices.2\nAccording to the 2009 report of theOECD–FAO Agricultural outlook,3 average crop prices in…"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1647862218,"citingcorpusid":158098020,"citedcorpusid":153641422,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Banks (2013a).","Banks (2013a). These issues are not the focus of this report, but will be considered in future work.","Also Bardhan et al. (1997) reviews the evidence. 34. Baumgartner et al. (2009); and Kimball et al. (2012). 35. Tullock et al. (2002); Lindsey and Teles (2017) reviews the US evidence.","Banks (2013b); Tham (2010); and Lessig (2013)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":507295778,"citingcorpusid":51739987,"citedcorpusid":26283928,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Among these tissues are human adipose tissue (Zuk et al., 2002), umbilical cord blood (Sun et al., 2010), fetal dermis tissue (Qiao et al., 2008a), pancreatic tissue (Seeberger et al., 2006) and breast milk (Patki et al., 2010).","One group also demonstrated inhibitory effects of MSCs on MDA-MB-231 cells (Sun et al., 2009; Sun et al., 2010).",", 2002), umbilical cord blood (Sun et al., 2010), fetal dermis tissue (Qiao et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":303170131,"citingcorpusid":12501767,"citedcorpusid":27736747,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the presence of oxygen, HIF-1α is degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway [15].","In hypoxic conditions, the hydroxylation modification declines and HIF-1α is stabilized for its transcriptional activities [15]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":847190387,"citingcorpusid":4621928,"citedcorpusid":17175591,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["biomarkers for disease diagnosis or prognosis [5–12]."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":1862677273,"citingcorpusid":182489055,"citedcorpusid":9303153,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1, clump, range 500 kb) [20] as observed in AAAGS for bins of increasingly liberal p-value thresholds (pT, see Supplemental Table 1) preferentially keeping variants with lower p-values as reported by the metaanalysis of GWAS [12] (similar to the --clump algorithm in PLINK [24]).","[19] zCall [20] was used to call missing exomevariants after QC."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1681467037,"citingcorpusid":205837550,"citedcorpusid":17637336,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…but thick neuronal projections within the neuropil contained large numbers of mitochondria exhibiting the mitochondria-on-a-stick (MOAS) morphology, an early sign of neuronal stress (L. Zhang et al., 2016) which was rare in the same region of mutant tau (2) littermates (Figure 2f,g; red arrows)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3860697139,"citingcorpusid":249044529,"citedcorpusid":4430366,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Mammalian behavioral and physiological circadian rhythms are orchestrated by the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is synchronized to environmental time via the retinohypothalamic tract (Reppert and Weaver, 2002; Patton and Hastings, 2018)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4013956446,"citingcorpusid":254871679,"citedcorpusid":137107307,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The calculated creep Poisson’s ratio is, however, closer to 0.2 which is proposed for concrete (Benboudjema 2002; Aili et al. 2016; Sousa Coutinho 1977; Sanahuja and Charpin 2007)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":98978827,"citingcorpusid":8740573,"citedcorpusid":84941092,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["First of all, as found in other species (Asher and Reay 1979;  Meharg and Macnair 1990, 1992a,  b; Abedin et al. 2002; Wang et al. 2002), arsenate uptake by B. carinata is an energy-dependent mechanism and requires selective binding sites.","( Meharg and Macnair 1990, 1992a,  b), D. cespitosa (Meharg and Macnair 1994), rice (Abedin et al. 2002) and the arsenic hyperaccumulator P. vittata (Wang et al. 2002).","According to Asher and Reay (1979), 30 min was chosen as desorption period, while in contrast with other authors ( Meharg and Macnair 1990, 1992a,  b and 1994; Abedin et al. 2002) the use of sulphate or phosphate wasn’t necessary and deionised water was chosen as desorbing solution.","First of all, as found in other species (Asher and Reay 1979; Meharg and Macnair 1990, 1992a, b; Abedin et al. 2002; Wang et al. 2002), arsenate uptake by B. carinata is an energy-dependent mechanism and requires selective binding sites.","According to Asher and Reay (1979), 30 min was chosen as desorption period, while in contrast with other authors (Meharg and Macnair 1990, 1992a, b and 1994; Abedin et al. 2002) the use of sulphate or phosphate wasn’t necessary and deionised water was chosen as desorbing solution.","This result is in full agreement with previous studies in barley (Asher and Reay 1979), H. lanatus\n(Meharg and Macnair 1990, 1992a, b), D. cespitosa (Meharg and Macnair 1994), rice (Abedin et al. 2002) and the arsenic hyperaccumulator P. vittata (Wang et al. 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null,["result"]]}
{"citationid":3798418037,"citingcorpusid":60123447,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Crombag ( 1968 )vond in dit verband, dat leden van gezelligheidsverenigingen aan de T.H. na 4 semesters signifikant betere studieresultaten hadden dan niet-leden."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3144770563,"citingcorpusid":32432680,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["efflux induced by maximal concentrations of carbamycholine (Dehaye et al. 1987).","In the presence of carbamycholine, the venom (100 ~tg/ml) elicited a 70% inhibition of 86Rb efflux induced by maximal concentrations of carbamycholine (Dehaye et al. 1987)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1651523035,"citingcorpusid":18164306,"citedcorpusid":25969870,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Another major shortcoming is that we were unable to measure the circulating 1,25(OH) 2 D levels, as in previous studies an inverse association between 1,25(OH) 2 D and coronary calcification was demonstrated [34]."],"intents":[["result"]]}
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{"citationid":3783824852,"citingcorpusid":115040761,"citedcorpusid":107488404,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["다음 장에서는 이러한 유한요소해석 모델을 활용하여 비선형 동적해석을 수행한 이후에 각 층마다 발생하는 가속도, 변위를 포함하여 1층 하부의 전단력을 검토 하고 최종적으로는 프레임 전체의 변형 형상과 응력 분포를 관 찰하여 지진 성능과 파괴 형태를 평가하고자 한다 [14],[15],[16],[17] .","[17] 강석봉, 김신애(2010) 반강접 접합부 배치에 따른 비가새 5 층 철골골조구조물의 비탄성 시간이력해석, 한국강구조학 회 논문집, 한국강구조학회, 제22권, 제4호, pp."],"intents":[null,null]}
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{"citationid":4010592128,"citingcorpusid":254738891,"citedcorpusid":170616562,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…(Svavarsdóttir 2008).3 The most discussed change is the so-called dative sickness: a tendency for accusative case objects to be used in the dative (Smith 1994: 675), but Friðriksson’s (2009) study of broader case sicknesses amongst Icelandic children, found that only 13.13 % of informants showed…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1787479241,"citingcorpusid":99274819,"citedcorpusid":97343161,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2371902048,"citingcorpusid":17863333,"citedcorpusid":145560808,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…allocation problem: both organizations are attempting to produce goods or policies to satisfy popular preferences, but they are uncertain about how to make their goods or policies more appealing than rival organizations (Kirzner 1985; Riker 1984; Roemer 2001; Schlesinger 1984, 382; Sheingate 2003)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":274128067,"citingcorpusid":5034120,"citedcorpusid":9930821,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…can lead to altered milk volume (King et al., 1993; Del Prado et al., 1997), lactose (Pine et al., 1994) as well as milk fat concentrations (Aoki et al., 1999; Tilton et al., 1999) subsequent to changes in mammary gland (MG) structure and gene expression (Flint et al., 2005; Rudolph et al., 2007).",", 1999) subsequent to changes in mammary gland (MG) structure and gene expression (Flint et al., 2005; Rudolph et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3280385605,"citingcorpusid":135270156,"citedcorpusid":128870217,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This approximation is known as a transport-limited model (Dietrich et al., 2003; Howard, 1994; Kirkby, 1971; Kirkby & Carson, 1972)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1583103596,"citingcorpusid":135270156,"citedcorpusid":4419478,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thus, the final wide margin contains both oceanward dipping faults, which formed with the same dip as the LVC shear zone, as suggested in the sequential faulting model (Ranero & Pérez-Gussinyé, 2010), and landward dipping faults induced by sediment loading of the narrow margin.","When the LC is strong enough, lateral rift migration occurs in the upper crust as an array of sequentially active faults, which consistently young and dip oceanward (Pérez-Gussinyé, 2013; Ranero & Pérez-Gussinyé, 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2238659916,"citingcorpusid":119098572,"citedcorpusid":118565723,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For the purpose of reducing and homogenizing errors that arise from the background shearing velocity, we employ the orbital-advection technique introduced in Stone & Gardiner (2010).","The orbital-advection scheme introduced in Stone & Gardiner (2010) is a numerical technique to integrate MHD equations in a shearing box accurately and efficiently by decomposing the system into two subsystems; one is a simple linear system which describes advection by background-differential…","Since a detailed numerical implementation is provided in Stone & Gardiner (2010), here, we only reproduce the practical equations employed in our simulation code for the sake of completeness, along with comments on a few modifications required to apply the orbital-advection scheme to the…","See Stone & Gardiner (2010) for the technical details developed in standard MHD.","We adopt a shearing periodic boundary condition in the x-direction while the effect of the background shear is taken into account (Hawley et al. 1995; Stone & Gardiner 2010).","Note that Equations (A4) and (A9) are reduced to Equations (51) and (55) in Stone & Gardiner (2010), respectively, by taking their trace."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2488774400,"citingcorpusid":118687472,"citedcorpusid":118565723,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In particular, it is possible to deal with epicyclic oscillations in a way as to conserve the energy associated with epicyclic motion to round-off error (Gardiner & Stone 2005; Gressel & Ziegler 2007; Stone & Gardiner 2010).","Note also that this would not hold if we had integrated the energy source term associated with the background shear during the orbital advection step as in Stone & Gardiner (2010).","Stone & Gardiner (2010) include the extra energy source term (first term on the right-hand side in equation 16) in the orbital advection step.","The energy associated with epicyclic motions can be conserved by integrating these equations using a Crank–Nicholson scheme (Stone & Gardiner 2010):\n[m] = 2 t n̄ + tS̄x, (51)\n[n] = (q − 2) t m̄, (52) where x̄ = (xn+1 +xn)/2 is a time average, and [x] is short for xn +1 − xn. Solving these two…","The phase accuracy is determined by the time step (Stone & Gardiner 2010).","Splitting off the background shear comes at the expense of an extra source term in the energy equation, which represents the work done by Reynolds stress due to the background shear (first term on the right-hand side of equation 16; see also Stone & Gardiner 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":915927158,"citingcorpusid":51607928,"citedcorpusid":11467429,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Treating osteopenia: A concern for intraand extrahepatic cholestasis Vitamin D deficiency as a consequence of reduced intestinal absorption (poor availability of bile salts) or decreased hepatic activation to 25,OH-cholecalcipherol in both intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis can lead to reduced bone formation.(39) However, osteopenia can occur even in early stages of the disease."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1597935111,"citingcorpusid":128549729,"citedcorpusid":58922847,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The parameters are given by [Hofmeister, 1999; van den Berg et al., 2002]\nkð298Þ ¼ 4:7 Wm 1K 1; a ¼ 0:3; ¼ 1:2 K; K0\n0 ¼ 5:37 GPa; K0 ¼ 261 GPa; b0 ¼ 1:7530 10 2; b1 ¼ 1:0365 10 4; b2 ¼ 2:2451 10 7; b3 ¼ 3:4071 10 11:\nFigure 1b displays the depth variation of this thermal conductivity for the…"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2886451255,"citingcorpusid":9940904,"citedcorpusid":2363493,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":35350843,"citingcorpusid":7765725,"citedcorpusid":2363493,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["With respect to how cdc6 might be removed from chromatin, several experiments in yeast have demonstrated that cdc6 and its homologue, cdc18, are unstable proteins that are degraded rapidly (Nishitani and Nurse, 1995; Piatti et al., 1995; Muzi-Facolni et al., 1996).","The cdc6 protein is essential for DNA replication (Bueno and Russell, 1992; Kelly et al., 1993; Li and Herskowitz, 1993; Liang et al., 1995; Nishitani and Nurse, 1995; Piatti et al., 1995; Cocker et al., 1996; Coleman et al., 1996), and in yeast, turns over rapidly (Nishitani and Nurse, 1995; Piatti et al.",", 1996), and in yeast, turns over rapidly (Nishitani and Nurse, 1995; Piatti et al., 1995; Jallepalli and Kelly, 1996; Muzi-Falconi and Kelly, 1996)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3903627506,"citingcorpusid":238989546,"citedcorpusid":198256096,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Activation leads to an acute loss of mitochondria in USP30-deficient CD8+ T cells\nT cell development was unaffected in KOmice (18), with normal T cell populations in the spleen (fig.","T cell development was unaffected in KOmice (18), with normal T cell populations in the spleen (fig.","A large-scale screen of single-gene deletion mice for immunological function identified USP30 as a regulator of CTL killing (18)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":783584283,"citingcorpusid":49296965,"citedcorpusid":2241699,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Table 4 illustrates study characteristics for all PHP studies (Croft et al., 1965; Ritchie, 1965; Okano et al., 1969; Glynne et al., 1972; Witkop, 1976; Myllärniemi and Perheentupa, 1978; Illum et al., 1980; Jensen et al., 1981; Nikiforuk and Fraser, 1981; Storm et al., 1985; Lagarde et al., 1989; Brown and Aaron, 1991; Cohen, 1991; Gomes et al., 2002; Goswami et al., 2009; Velez et al., 2009; Sengupta et al., 2012; Hugar et al., 2014; Reis et al., 2016; Delantoni et al., 2017; Gallacher et al., 2017) as a combined group, and Table 5 illustrates the oro-dental findings in PHP studies."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3802986359,"citingcorpusid":236092482,"citedcorpusid":25764557,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["High and low sacral resections have similar survival benefits, and the level of sacral resection does not affect the ability to achieve R0 resection (49,50)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1151752518,"citingcorpusid":158491292,"citedcorpusid":144365808,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Mullins (2011) analysed 36 individuals1 and reported the following:\n• The average age was 28, and 29 at the time of their arrests.","• Among the 12 individuals for whom information on criminal background was available, there were no confirmed cases of mental illness (Mullins, 2011).","• Among the 12 individuals for whom information on criminal background was\navailable, there were no confirmed cases of mental illness (Mullins, 2011)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1880503989,"citingcorpusid":13727176,"citedcorpusid":12481612,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["MD is mainly lined by ileal mucosa; however, other ectopic tissue types can be found, including gastric, duodenal, colonic, pancreatic, Brunner’s glands, hepatobiliary tissue and endometrial mucosa [3]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2186407340,"citingcorpusid":64900143,"citedcorpusid":16014741,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["etected and forwarded. Works done about relay-assisted hybrid FSO / RF systems, mostly considered one [19] and two hop [20] structures. Few works have been done about multihop hybrid FSO / RF systems [21][22]. In this paper two novel models are being presented for multihop hybrid FSO / RF system. At each hop of the proposed structures, FSO and RF links are parallel and send data simultaneously. In the"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3976558842,"citingcorpusid":253446353,"citedcorpusid":151961649,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Given the tensions between the old values and newly evolving technological realities, either old values are to be adapted, or technological, economic and societal progress will stagnate (Ayres, 1961; Bush, 1987, 2009; Samuels, 1977; Veblen, 1914)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3705662444,"citingcorpusid":247499012,"citedcorpusid":29468389,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["RSE-box: An analysis and modelling package to study response times to multiple signals.","We used SRT to analyze violations of Miller’s bound, following the approach described with the RSE-box (Miller, 1982; Otto, 2019; Liu & Otto, 2020).","To obtain Miller’s bound, we summed the corresponding unisensory CDFs (using the RSE-box function getMiller).","This final step is obtained using the RSE-box function getViolation, which quantifies the size of the violation area using the following formula (for more details about the RSE-box, see Otto, 2019):\nViolation = 1 50 ∑50 q=1 max ( Millerq − AVq, 0 ) (3)\nIn the formula, Millerq was obtained by Miller’s bounds at the same 50th quantile as the empirical CDFs (where q is the index of the 50 quantiles).","Then, we downsampled these distributions to 50 quantiles using linear interpolation (using the RSE-box function interpCDF).","First, we ordered SRTs from the fastest to the slowest and computed corresponding cumulative probabilities to obtain cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) in each condition for each participant (using the RSE-box function getCP).","Miller’s bound: To test the effectiveness of multisensory integration, we investigated violations of Miller’s bound (Liu & Otto, 2020; Miller, 1982; Otto, Dassy, & Mamassian, 2013)."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3705662394,"citingcorpusid":247499012,"citedcorpusid":207690679,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However, most studies demonstrate that the two components are independent of each other (Hilchey, Ivanoff, Taylor, & Klein, 2011; Hilchey et al., 2014a; Łukasz et al., 2019; Sumner, Nachev, Vora, Husain, & Kennard, 2004).","…threshold to detect saccadic eye movement was set to 30 degrees/second, and the saccadic latencies were computed by subtracting the time at which the eye movement exceeded the velocity threshold from the time at which the imperative stimulus appeared onscreen (Hilchey et al., 2014a; see Figure 1c).","…system and an oculomotor component of inhibiting the late response execution process in activating the oculomotor system (Abrams & Dobkin, 1994; Chica et al., 2010; Hilchey et al., 2014a; Hunt & Kingstone, 2003; Jayaraman et al., 2016; Łukasz et al., 2019; MacInnes, 2017; Souto & Kerzel, 2009).","For example, Hilchey et al. (2014a) used eye movement monitoring and further demonstrated that suppressing eye movements in keypress tasks changes the origin of IOR from output (response executive process) to input (response selective process)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3705662819,"citingcorpusid":247499012,"citedcorpusid":12304879,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["On the other hand, according to the two-component theory, IOR includes a perceptual component of inhibiting the early response selection process in suppressing the oculomotor system and an oculomotor component of inhibiting the late response execution process in activating the oculomotor system (Abrams & Dobkin, 1994; Chica et al., 2010; Hilchey et al., 2014a; Hunt & Kingstone, 2003; Jayaraman et al., 2016; Łukasz et al., 2019; MacInnes, 2017; Souto & Kerzel, 2009).","…system and an oculomotor component of inhibiting the late response execution process in activating the oculomotor system (Abrams & Dobkin, 1994; Chica et al., 2010; Hilchey et al., 2014a; Hunt & Kingstone, 2003; Jayaraman et al., 2016; Łukasz et al., 2019; MacInnes, 2017; Souto & Kerzel, 2009)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2915242329,"citingcorpusid":93335857,"citedcorpusid":93419759,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2123624241,"citingcorpusid":216647166,"citedcorpusid":5729649,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["One of such examples is graphene [1], which has a two dimensional hexagonal network with unique electrical and mechanical properties [2]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":554421834,"citingcorpusid":56045505,"citedcorpusid":54976790,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This postulation confirms and affirms a long-held consensus in the social sciences that Africans were highly religious because they too have their own religion (Agbiji and Swart 2015).","” This postulation confirms and affirms a long-held consensus in the social sciences that Africans were highly religious because they too have their own religion (Agbiji and Swart 2015)."],"intents":[["result"],null]}
{"citationid":1146301355,"citingcorpusid":155106221,"citedcorpusid":111396606,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Figure 15 and Table 5 display that the proposed controller outperforms the latest technique [4] and PID controller for RHC.","However, it is still a challenge to control the AAS robustly due to the fact that it is difficult to build a mathematical model that can be used to describe the dynamic characteristics of the AAS [4], [5],","Compared with the latest and comparable technique HMPC [4], the parametric uncertainties are estimated through the use of a group of smooth projectors in the proposed control approach, while these are not fully considered in the HMPC.","Compared with the proportional directional control valve, the solenoid-operated electro-pneumatic valve is more effective due to the application of the pulse width modulation (PWM) method [27], especially in the control of AAS systems [4], [17].","The author of [4] developed a hybrid model predictive controller (HMPC) based on a linearized model to adjust the ride height.","Section VA shows simulation results and the comparison with the HMPC [4] which is the latest technique for RHC, and the PID controller.","), PID controller with the same gains as in the simulation and the HMPC [4].","The height of the vehicle sprung mass is adjusted by inflating and deflating the air spring to protect the vehicle body on rough roads, to reduce air drag, and to enhance safety during high-speed driving mode [1]–[4].","It is noteworthy that the result of HMPC in Figure 15 is captured from [4]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3665514470,"citingcorpusid":159916336,"citedcorpusid":162376189,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…in date because of a twelfth-century writer’s claim that St Aldhelm had founded a church dedicated to St Laurence at Bradford, which still stood (Hinton 2009, 193–5: consequently the building was dedicated as the Church of St Laurence in the 1870s, so is now a church, not a chapel, but that…","The relic depository was therefore grafted on to an existing establishment, despite the problems involved in constructing it on a steeply sloping site (Hinton 2009).","…Haslam criticised a reconstruction drawing which shows the cross flanked by the figures of St Mary and St John, and he may have been correct that there is not enough space for those; his drawing showing replaced stonework allows space for a cross, however (Hinton 2009, 206; Haslam 2013, 291)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2056918206,"citingcorpusid":219008362,"citedcorpusid":45482298,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some novel zeolite structures can be easily formed due to the difference in metal atom radius and coordination ability, such as metal mixing aluminophosphate MAPO-CJ40 containing one-dimensional (1D) helical 10-ring channels [15], monoatomic substituted gallophosphate zeolite involving a 20-ring extra-large channels [16] and diatomic substituted cobalt-gallium phosphate zeolite with two-dimensional (2D) 12-ring and 10-ring interconnected channel along the [1 0 0] and [0 −1 1] directions [17]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3996678929,"citingcorpusid":254272356,"citedcorpusid":212622299,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The animals were divided into seven groups of 10 mice :(1) Cont (Control), (2) MGO (600mg/kg/day, orally by gavage), (3) MGO + Crn15 (15 mg/ kg), (4) MGO + Crn30 (30 mg/ kg), (5) MGO + Crn60 (60 mg/kg), (6) MGO + MET (150 mg/ kg) (24), and (7) Crn60 (60 mg/kg) as an effective dose from pilot study."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":871057829,"citingcorpusid":10344489,"citedcorpusid":28414552,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Benjamin and Datta (1) reported that non-O157 strains (including O26 and O111) were neither\nthe most nor the least acid resistant compared with enterohemorrhagic E. coli.","Benjamin and Datta (1) reported that non-O157 strains (including O26 and O111) were neither the most nor the least acid resistant compared with enterohemorrhagic E."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":558526872,"citingcorpusid":55288910,"citedcorpusid":28414552,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Studies have shown that resistance was observed when the bacteria reached at least the late-exponential phase with full expression of acid resistance expressed in the stationary phase (Benjamin and Datta, 1995; Gorden and Small, 1993)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2547417527,"citingcorpusid":129114008,"citedcorpusid":28414552,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["coli, for instance, to avoid low pH-mediated killing occurs following exposure to mildly acidic environments, which are encountered routinely during food production and passage through the gastrointestinal tract, rather than in environments with a neutral pH (Benjamin and Datta, 1995)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1710499962,"citingcorpusid":118313134,"citedcorpusid":118253635,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3639755205,"citingcorpusid":232147171,"citedcorpusid":15999849,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The rules to do so are called fusion rules in this infinite-dimensional case [10].","These operators, called vertex operators, can be thought to insert a given excitation at z when applied on the ground state [10].","The 2D case is particularly interesting since the algebra of area-preserving diffeomorphisms is a well-known extension of the 2D conformal algebra [10].","The operators V n satisfy the Abelian Kac–Moody algebra (see [10] for a review), Û(1), which is the quantum extension of the usual U(1) by a c-number central charge, while the operators V(1) n are the generators of conformal transformations, satisfying the Virasoro algebra [10]"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1552408068,"citingcorpusid":134725593,"citedcorpusid":19242641,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, clay is an environmentally suitable material for wastewater treatment containing heavy metals (Sari et al., 2007; Bhattacharyya and Gupta, 2008; Öncel, 2008) and it is an excellent adsorbent material, and also 20 times cheaper than activated carbon (Kaushal and Upadhyay, 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3108569399,"citingcorpusid":118313134,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Automatic Interferometer for Double Star Observations W. C. Wickes, R. H. Dicke, Astron J., 78, 757-768 (1973)\nAchromatic Double Star lnterferometry W. C. Wickes, R. H. Dicke, A. J., 79, 1433-1444 (1974)\nOn the Fringe Visibility in a Michelson lnterferometer C. Roddier, F. Roddier, J. Opt.","…Interferometer for Double Star Observations Astron J., 78, 757-768 (1973)\nW. C. Wickes, R. H. Dicke Achromatic Double Star Interferometry A. J., 79, 1433-1444 (1974)\nW. C. Wickes lnterferometric Measurements of Binary Stars A. J., 80, 655-657 (1975)\nW. C. Wickes Orbits and Masses of Hyades…"],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3330191515,"citingcorpusid":233472405,"citedcorpusid":195795089,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The successful uses of ML algorithms for analyzing big data with multi-collinearity among the variables have recently been reported in many plant species such as soybean [30], alfalfa [48], chrysanthemum [89], wheat [90], and lime [91].","The successfulness of using the GA algorithm for estimating optimized solutions was reported previously in plant tissue culture [89], plant physiology [114], and remote sensing [115]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2226507274,"citingcorpusid":8005788,"citedcorpusid":93229939,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":3979552074,"citingcorpusid":253542559,"citedcorpusid":83960697,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These results agree with Başal et al. (2009), Sarı and Dağdelen (2010), Karademir et al. (2011) and Nazar et al. (2012), who reported that water stress caused a decrease in fibre length.\ntreatment.","In the study conducted by Başal et al. (2009), there was no significant difference in fibre length, fineness, uniformity index, and elongation between the 100% and 75% irrigation treatments."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1216216647,"citingcorpusid":56510094,"citedcorpusid":83960697,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Basal et al. (2009) reported that deficit drip irrigation of cotton at 75% of full irrigation requirements did not decrease seed cotton yield or yield components for two growing seasons.","Basal et al. (2009) found that deficit irrigation maintained high cotton yields with a 25% reduction in irrigation water applied, which resulted in a substantial increase in WUE.","Similar effects were observed by Bezerra et al. (2008), who achieved the best cotton yield at 120% ETc.","Like most major field crops, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production is adversely affected by water stress (Pettigrew, 2004; Dagdelen et al., 2006; Basal et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3311753293,"citingcorpusid":124029465,"citedcorpusid":124772797,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Further properties and applications of this order have been studied by many authors; see Shaked [6], Lewis and Thompson [4], Jeon, Kochar, and Park [2], and many references in Shaked and Shanthikumar [7, Section 3."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3394075168,"citingcorpusid":53410007,"citedcorpusid":158307956,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To what extent do they alter our conclusions about the extent of racial/ethnic differences in outcomes, particularly in hourly earnings—the best measure of the price of labor of different races/ethnicities? On this issue, a recent study (Ananat et al., 2018) estimated adjusted black-white wage differentials at around 14 percent, Hispanic- Non-Hispanic white adjusted wage differentials at around 15 percent, Asian-American wage differences at around 13 percent, and white-Other races differences at around 14 percent."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3954850928,"citingcorpusid":251402898,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["O ternary compounds: NaRuO2 [12], NaRu2O4 [13], Na2RuO3 [9], Na3RuO4 [14], Na2RuO4 [9], Na27Ru14O48 [15], and Na3−xRu4O9 [16].","Within a relatively narrow set of chemical potentials there are at least 7 reported Na–Ru–O ternary compounds: NaRuO2 [12], NaRu2O4 [13], Na2RuO3 [9], Na3RuO4 [14], Na2RuO4 [9], Na27Ru14O48 [15], and Na3−xRu4O9 [16].","This is complicated by the existence of the Na3−xRu4O9 solid-solution, creating large swaths of 2-phase regions."],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":294677598,"citingcorpusid":19787179,"citedcorpusid":21614888,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The MAPK signaling pathways are among the most ancient signal transduction pathways and are highly evolutionary conserved signaling regulators that are activated in response to infectious agents and innate stimulators, mediating important cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis [16]."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":3576499,"citingcorpusid":29349049,"citedcorpusid":33659595,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["melanogaster (Xia et al., 1999; Knapek et al., 2010), and increased aggressive behavior in Formica xerophila ants (Tanner, 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1963069179,"citingcorpusid":41259691,"citedcorpusid":84881458,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Section Pachybasium Bissett (Bissett 1991), which includes most of the described species of Trichoderma, was shown by Kindermann et al (1998) to be paraphyletic, the species being divided between two well-separated clades, which they designated as ‘A’ and ‘B.’ Species of sect.","Although some of the species aggregates or species proposed, respectively, by Rifai (Rifai 1969) and Bissett (1991) were derived from Hypocrea specimens, most described Trichoderma species are based on direct isolations from soil and other natural substrata, and not from ascospores."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3765540209,"citingcorpusid":249311921,"citedcorpusid":55368625,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is interpreted that the export volume from country i to country j depends on “the economic masses” (measured by the country’s GDP) and the distance\nrepresented by the geographical distance between the two trade countries’ capital cities (Head, 2003)."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":2127708570,"citingcorpusid":53305303,"citedcorpusid":207369139,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Branched-chain amino acids have been implicated as risk factors for T2D (15), and a recent study using Mendelian Randomization found that the branched-chain amino acids are likely new markers for insulin resistance (23)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":839747373,"citingcorpusid":28457976,"citedcorpusid":16622672,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A variant of this model was analyzed by Rikun (2011), and a solution algorithm based on simulated annealing was developed; Gorissen and Hertog (2013) and Ardestani-Jaafari and Delage (2016) provide alternative approaches for a broader class of robust optimization problems involving sums of maxima and sums of piecewise linear functions, respectively.","…of this model was analyzed by Rikun (2011), and a solution algorithm based on simulated annealing was developed; Gorissen and Hertog (2013) and Ardestani-Jaafari and Delage (2016) provide alternative approaches for a broader class of robust optimization problems involving sums of maxima and…"],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2020264865,"citingcorpusid":197503245,"citedcorpusid":16622672,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[", Hanasusanto, Kuhn, Wallace, and ymler (2015) , Ardestani-Jaafari and Delage (2016) , and Natarajan t al. (2018) for models formed via moment-based ambiguity sets, nd Bertsimas et al. (2018) for models formed via distance-based mbiguity sets. These DRO models are usually reformulated or aproximated as a linear program, second-order cone program, or emi-definite program, depending on the structure of the ambiuity set. Risk-averse multi-product newsvendor problems are also tudied in Tomlin and Wang (2005) , Van Mieghem (2007) , Gotoh nd Takano (2007) , Chen and Sim (2009) , and Choi et al.",", Hanasusanto, Kuhn, Wallace, and ymler (2015) , Ardestani-Jaafari and Delage (2016) , and Natarajan t al.",", Hanasusanto, Kuhn, Wallace, and ymler (2015) , Ardestani-Jaafari and Delage (2016) , and Natarajan t al. (2018) for models formed via moment-based ambiguity sets, nd Bertsimas et al. (2018) for models formed via distance-based mbiguity sets. These DRO models are usually reformulated or aproximated as a linear program, second-order cone program, or emi-definite program, depending on the structure of the ambiuity set. Risk-averse multi-product newsvendor problems are also tudied in Tomlin and Wang (2005) , Van Mieghem (2007) , Gotoh nd Takano (2007) , Chen and Sim (2009) , and Choi et al. (2011) .",", Hanasusanto, Kuhn, Wallace, and ymler (2015) , Ardestani-Jaafari and Delage (2016) , and Natarajan t al. (2018) for models formed via moment-based ambiguity sets, nd Bertsimas et al.",", Hanasusanto, Kuhn, Wallace, and ymler (2015) , Ardestani-Jaafari and Delage (2016) , and Natarajan t al. (2018) for models formed via moment-based ambiguity sets, nd Bertsimas et al. (2018) for models formed via distance-based mbiguity sets."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":905601705,"citingcorpusid":21673461,"citedcorpusid":6400653,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["57% of pancreatic cancer patients enroll into clinical trials [13] - a statistic that could be improved with greater awareness of pancreatic cancer trials and improved discussion between patients and caregivers [14]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":905601648,"citingcorpusid":21673461,"citedcorpusid":29214308,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Another Phase II trial [20] employing EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), lapatinib, in combination with capecitabine as second-"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1332746549,"citingcorpusid":10981550,"citedcorpusid":11263319,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["After loss and dispersion compensation, the optical signal at the end of the transmission link (of length ) is described by [6]"],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":479871570,"citingcorpusid":2333905,"citedcorpusid":28531943,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The biological effects of BDNF are primarily mediated by its protein tyrosine kinase receptor, TrkB (Ringstedt et al. 1993;  Wong et al. 1997 ), which is abundantly expressed throughout the dorsal and ventral striatum in the postsynaptic density (PSD) of both dynorphin- and enkephalinexpressing populations of MSNs (Freeman et al. 2003, Guillin et al. 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":579017168,"citingcorpusid":54647657,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["According to Nation (1994) teaching learners strategies for using mnemonics and word parts (affixes/roots) will help them handle low frequency words (cited in Schmitt, 1997, p. 203)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1676681640,"citingcorpusid":204739870,"citedcorpusid":32466359,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Still, according to previous reports, multiple hydrogen bonds in antioxidants work toward preventing an efficient cleavage of the matching O–H bonds, unless being only a favorable five-center interaction among vicinal groups as in tri-substituted M12–M15 [47,51].","H bonds, unless being only a favorable five-center interaction among vicinal groups as in tri-substituted M12–M15 [47,51]."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1670926901,"citingcorpusid":208521058,"citedcorpusid":189796993,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some cognitivists\n1 3\nhave also emphasized the role of social interaction (e.g., Carpendale and Lewis 2004; Butterfill 2012) in social understanding, focusing though on social interaction playing a contextual or enabling rather than constitutive role."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1084218883,"citingcorpusid":132198528,"citedcorpusid":129182304,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["With the design of separate ethnic spaces from the late 1950s much attention was directed to planning ‘appropriate’ tourism spaces for them in particular in the rural Homelands (Rogerson, 2014).","Notwithstanding a surge in South African tourism geographical scholarship in recent years (Hoogendoorn, Rogerson, 2015; Visser, 2016) dedicated historical investigations are scarce (for exceptions see Pandy, Rogerson, 2014; Rogerson, 2011).","During the 1960s, however, the apartheid state turned its mind to the provision of dedicated recreational spaces for the country’s black population (Rogerson, 2014, 2015b).","Pandy, W. and Rogerson, C.M., 2014: The making of the South African timeshare industry: Spatial structure and development challenges.","More broadly, grand apartheid planning focused upon the territorial division of South African space between a ‘common’ white dominated space and the making of a set of segregated ethnically defined spaces for Africans in terms of the ten Bantustans or Homelands that were instituted under apartheid."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":1048170769,"citingcorpusid":114935290,"citedcorpusid":37898818,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(1,4,10,17,18) Esse, infatti, rappresentano una fonte di informazioni fruibili sia a fini statistico/epidemiologici, in base al postulato che l’animale domestico potrebbe anticipare, almeno per selezionati tipi di cancro, linee di tendenza, sia a fini biologici, in quanto potrebbero svelare analogie o differenze interspecifiche utili a fini comparativi.(3,13,16,19,20) Il Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l’Oncologia Veterinaria e Comparata (CEROVEC) ha pertanto avviato e mantenuto negli anni un Registro Tumori Animali ed una rete di collaborazioni con Università, Istituti Zooprofilattici ed il settore della Veterinaria operante sul territorio per disporre di una casistica, la più ampia possibile, finalizzata ad un utilizzo polimorfo, sia di tipo statistico, per il potenziale ruolo di sentinella ambientale dell’animale, sia di tipo biologico relativamente al cancro animale, con evidenti ricadute culturali sotto il profilo della ricerca di base e traslazionale in riferimento alla Medicina Veterinaria di tipo clinico."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1224917205,"citingcorpusid":84131622,"citedcorpusid":48425293,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is well understood that Lactobacillus species have been shown to protect against certain enteric pathogens (e.g., Reid 1999, Darby et al. 2007).","Probiotic species of Lactobacillus have been shown to protect against several gastrointestinal pathogens, e.g., Shigella sonnei, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli in both humans and animals (e.g., Reid 1999, Darby et al. 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1172822162,"citingcorpusid":128451901,"citedcorpusid":119956173,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…the SPI has been used to quantify deficits in water resource and as drought monitoring tool in many other countries and regions for example: Greece (Livada and Assimakopoulos 2007); China (Wei et al. 2003; Wu et al. 2007; Chen et al. 2009; Bordi et al. 2004); India (Patel et al. 2007); Iran…","Moreover, the SPI has been used to quantify deficits in water resource and as drought monitoring tool in many other countries and regions for example: Greece (Livada and Assimakopoulos 2007); China (Wei et al. 2003; Wu et al. 2007; Chen et al. 2009; Bordi et al. 2004); India (Patel et al. 2007); Iran (Raziei et al. 2008).","Moreover, the SPI has been used to quantify deficits in water resource and as drought monitoring tool in many other countries and regions for example: Greece (Livada and Assimakopoulos 2007); China (Wei et al."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1675703475,"citingcorpusid":206957035,"citedcorpusid":34252545,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These findings add to the growing evidence of risk associated with the use of epidural (Jones et al., 2012) and the significance of our finding is further illuminated when considered alongside the rising rates of epidural use in a number of countries including Australia (Lain et al., 2008).",", 2012) and the significance of our finding is further illuminated when considered alongside the rising rates of epidural use in a number of countries including Australia (Lain et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2730313747,"citingcorpusid":12742529,"citedcorpusid":9686736,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The CD50 values and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated and statistically compared with the use of computer software implementing probit analysis method [19].","The threshold dose with its 95% confidence intervals (B: right panel) for the convulsant effects of cocaine was expressed as a CD50 value, which is a dose predicted to induce convulsions in 50% of animals [Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949)]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3672009857,"citingcorpusid":246833941,"citedcorpusid":59604034,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We call a sequence Bloom matrix the matrix of Bloom filters introduced in BIGSI [10]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1162644967,"citingcorpusid":55742210,"citedcorpusid":9686736,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Effective dose 50 (ED50) value for PTZ (60 mg/kg) and convulsive current 50 (CC50) of animals and it’s 95% fiducial limits were calculated by the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949).","ED50 values, as well as their statistical evaluation, were estimated by computer probit analysis, according to Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1531915349,"citingcorpusid":150214492,"citedcorpusid":151987851,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ةساردلا حصنت امك لثم ةينورتكل5ا تاقيبطتلا رابتع ا نيعب ذخأت ةيلبقتسم تاساردب نيثحابلا ةيلاحلا)Tarhini et al., 2015; Almajali et al., 2016; Alenezi et al., 2017; Khwaldeh et al., 2017; Mikkawi et al., 2017;\nYassien & Mufleh, 2017 (صاخلاو ماعلا عاطقلا تاسسؤم يف نيلماعلا ىلع اھرثأو ."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":3037236933,"citingcorpusid":84290297,"citedcorpusid":9686736,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":878917736,"citingcorpusid":547909,"citedcorpusid":11443329,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…the excitatory and inhibitory balance necessary for the transfer of information while preventing runaway excitation (McBain and Fisahn, 2001; Pouille and Scanziani, 2001; Wehr and Zador, 2003; Markram et al., 2004; Trevelyan et al., 2006; Klausberger and Somogyi, 2008; Haider and McCormick, 2009).","GABAergic interneurons are believed to play important roles in controlling the timing of pyramidal cell firing, synchronizing network activity, and the generation of cortical rhythms; they seem to play an important role by responding to dynamic changes in excitation, increasing the dynamic range of cortical circuits, controlling sensory receptive fields and plasticity, and maintaining the excitatory and inhibitory balance necessary for the transfer of information while preventing runaway excitation (McBain and Fisahn, 2001; Pouille and Scanziani, 2001; Wehr and Zador, 2003; Markram et al., 2004; Trevelyan et al., 2006; Klausberger and Somogyi, 2008; Haider and McCormick, 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":878919199,"citingcorpusid":547909,"citedcorpusid":15122733,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For example, about a third of SST interneurons in frontal, somatosensory (S1), and visual cortex (V1) contain calretinin (Xu et al., 2006).","There might be additional subpopulations of SST neurons in neocortex, given observed differences in intrinsic firing properties, the expression of molecular markers and connectivity (Xu et al., 2006; Gonchar et al., 2007; Miyoshi et al., 2007; McGarry et al., 2010).","Although both SST/CR+ cells and SST/CR cells exhibited similar Martinotti cell anatomical features and had similar adapting spike-firing patterns, they differed in the horizontal extension of their dendritic fields and number of primary processes (Xu et al., 2006).","Several investigators have used the GIN line to study Martinotti cells and have not reported the two other groups of SST neurons described by McGarry et al. (Ma et al., 2006; Xu et al., 2006; Fanselow et al., 2008; Xu and Callaway, 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2318526326,"citingcorpusid":23033472,"citedcorpusid":9686736,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["All mortality data were analyzed by probit analysis using the software SPSS (version 10.0) to determine median lethal concentrations (LC50) and 95% CIs.","Spinosad proved to be more toxic to the Lab-susceptible strain compared with the rest of the insecticides (nonoverlapping of 95% CIs; P< 0.01), followed by profenofos, chlorpyrifos, and deltamethrin.","The LC50 values of the respective bioassays were considered significantly different on the basis of nonoverlapping of 95% CIs (Litchfield and Wilcoxon 1949).","Similarly, spinosad also proved more toxic to the newly collected field strain (G0) followed by chlorpyrifos, profenofos, and deltamethrin (non-overlapping of 95% CIs; Table 1).","However, the Profen-SEL strain did not show any cross-resistance to spinosad (overlapping of 95 % CIs; Table 3)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":3237772991,"citingcorpusid":231683841,"citedcorpusid":5112261,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["proposed the master-cloudlet-based cloud computing model for mobile users [6]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1651000623,"citingcorpusid":3339830,"citedcorpusid":97082087,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A certain divergence with the results obtained for analogous Pd-CFx and Cu-CFx materials was noticed; in these previous studies, the surface atomic percentages of inorganic components increased systematically as a function of the metal loading [14,46].","On the other hand, the fluorine percentage followed an opposite trend, decreasing noticeably at higher inorganic loadings [13,14,45,46].","Such a phenomenon has already been proved in other composite fluoropolymeric films containing transition metal clusters [13,14,46]."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2610804475,"citingcorpusid":9249617,"citedcorpusid":40658565,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The majority of these mutations are in exon 15, which results in a V600E amino acid substitution, leading to constitutive kinase activation (Mercer and Pritchard, 2003).","The majority of B-Raf mutations are in exon 15, which results in a V600E amino acid substitution, leading to constitutive kinase activation (Mercer and Pritchard, 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1684970590,"citingcorpusid":38721334,"citedcorpusid":22999829,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The questionnaire was composed of scales that are standard in the field and have been used in multiple studies (Bader et al., 2006; Coyne & Schwenk, 1997; Mayfield, 2001; Mohr & Fassinger, 2000; Rosario et al., 2008; Rosario et al., 2006).","More recent studies have emphasized different aspects of these general models (Rosario et al., 2008; Rosario, Schrimshaw, Hunter, & Braun, 2006), and have suggested that a linear, stage-wise process may not adequately capture the range of individual differences in the emergence of an LGB identity."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1132771776,"citingcorpusid":152085830,"citedcorpusid":22999829,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Additionally, in one of the few longitudinal studies done to date, Rosario, Schrimshaw, and Hunter (2008) found that higher perceived family social support at baseline was related to optimal identity integration one year later."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3618804572,"citingcorpusid":244604193,"citedcorpusid":159774174,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[" Outre  sa  fonction  d’orientation  du  touriste,  le  guide  touristique  participe  à  la construction de l’identité de la culture visitée et de la culture visitante (Buzard 1993, Koshar 1998, Furlough 2002, Baider, Burger et Goutsos 2004, Hallet et Kaplan-Weinger 2010)."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":990075752,"citingcorpusid":56336476,"citedcorpusid":145085289,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":null,"intents":null}
{"citationid":2210856133,"citingcorpusid":14883809,"citedcorpusid":6084406,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is known that under general conditions, BIC is consistent for model selection if the true model belongs to the class of models considered, while although AIC is minimax optimal, it is not consistent in selection (see, e.g., Shao, 1997; Yang, 2005).","As mentioned previously, based on the results of Shao (1997) and Yang (2005), BIC is the tuning method recommended due to its consistency in model selection."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":35407748,"citingcorpusid":25290913,"citedcorpusid":5232121,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Helium-3 gas lung morphometry describes the acinar airways in the framework established by Weibel and colleagues (15, 40) as cylindrical passages lined with alveolar sleeves, which are characterized by the alveolar sleeve depth (h), acinar airway radius (R), and acinar airway lumen radius (r R h), as shown in Fig.","When corrected for differences in inflation volume, Haefeli-Bleuer and Weibel’s (15) measurements of acinar dimensions scale to R 300 m and r 140 m, comparable to our data for young adults in Fig.","The observed increase of acinar airway radius (R) in older subjects is consistent with the findings of Weibel (50) and the known increase in lung volume with age (9)."],"intents":[null,null,["result"]]}
{"citationid":1727358150,"citingcorpusid":158518439,"citedcorpusid":6084406,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The literature provides diverging opinions (for a discussion see Burnham and Anderson, 2002; Yang, 2005), however the work by Billah et al. (2005) is interesting in that it demonstrates that although the criteria may result in different selection of models, in terms of predictive accuracy the…","The literature provides diverging opinions (for a discussion see Burnham and Anderson, 2002; Yang, 2005), however the work by Billah et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1526885812,"citingcorpusid":43157477,"citedcorpusid":1489479,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…in aquatic organism studies include, but are not limited to, toxicology (Berntssen et al. 2011; Masuda et al. 2005; Villaverde-de-Sáa et al. 2012; Zhang et al. 2012), physiology (Li et al. 2011a; Stewart et al. 2011; Wang et al. 2012c, d), pharmacology (Van De Steene et al. 2006), and ecology…","The growing interests of the scientific community in aquatic organism studies include, but are not limited to, toxicology (Berntssen et al. 2011; Masuda et al. 2005; Villaverde-de-Sáa et al. 2012; Zhang et al. 2012), physiology (Li et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":955620616,"citingcorpusid":22554907,"citedcorpusid":1142876,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["According to previous reports, the maximum conjugation efficiency obtained for mixtures of diacetylenic lipids is around 30–35 units (Ahl et al. 1990).","conjugation efficiency obtained for mixtures of diacetylenic lipids is around 30–35 units (Ahl et al. 1990).","The wavelength is directly proportional to the number of polymer units electronically coupled together (Ahl et al. 1990).","This may be related to the fact that this mixture contains DMPE, a 14 acyl chain, instead of 1,2-dinonanoyl-snglycero-3-phosphocholine (DNPC), the nine acyl chain used by Ahl et al. (1990).","In previous reports, the maximum conjugation efficiency obtained for diacetylenic lipids was around 30–35 units (Ahl et al. 1990)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1452902592,"citingcorpusid":22554907,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Plasmids to be used in further analyses were obtained by the alkaline lysis method (Sambrook et al. 1989), and were quantified by absorbance at 260 nm.","DNA concentration was determined based on the assumption that an absorbance of 1 at 260 nm corresponds to 50 mg/ml (Sambrook et al. 1989).","Plasmids to be used in further analyses were obtained by the alkaline lysis method (Sambrook et al. 1989), and were quantified by absorbance at 260 nm.\nLiposome preparation\nLipids (40 mmol) were dissolved in chloroform; the solvent was flash-evaporated (Bangham 1972) and left under vacuum for 30…"],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2390417734,"citingcorpusid":118429177,"citedcorpusid":54005818,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However in the case the elliptcity of the PSF is perfectly known at the position of galaxies and the detector effects (such as charge transfer inefficency) are perfectly corrected the bias in shear measurements is purely multiplicative (Massey et al. 2013).","For a more specific discussion on how the requirements on the multiplicative bias are set we refer to Massey et al. (2013).","…al. 2009; Kitching et al. 2012) in terms of a multiplicative (m) and an additive (c) bias1:\neobs ' (1 +m)es + c. (3)\nThese biases can be propagated into the power spectrum of shear estimates (Kitching et al. 2012) and relate to properties of instrument PSF and detector effects (Massey et al. 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1172822029,"citingcorpusid":128451901,"citedcorpusid":129315308,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the semi-arid regions in Central Asia water supply is extremely important (Barlow and Tippett 2008; Sorg et al. 2012)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3865976796,"citingcorpusid":251352703,"citedcorpusid":232070201,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the field literature, scientists conducted studies on information literacy (Folk, 2021; Gündüzalp, 2021; Özel, 2014; Özmusul, 2012; Shinohara and Horoiwa, 2021), scientific literacy (Cansiz and Cansiz, 2019; Bağcı Kılıç et al.","In the field literature, scientists conducted studies on information literacy (Folk, 2021; Gündüzalp, 2021; Özel, 2014; Özmusul, 2012; Shinohara and Horoiwa, 2021), scientific literacy (Cansiz and Cansiz, 2019; Bağcı Kılıç et al., 2008; Tunç Şahin and Say, 2010; Yuliana et al., 2021), technological…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2011862256,"citingcorpusid":210133004,"citedcorpusid":15190898,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To identify putative CLOCK-regulated secreted factors governing microglia recruitment, our microarray profiling data were intersected with a secreted protein database (32)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3264854309,"citingcorpusid":2738632,"citedcorpusid":129315308,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Published by IOPPublishing Ltd\nUpdated tables\nThe amendments affect table 1 and supplementary table S1.","© 2016 IOPPublishing Ltd\n(Sorg et al 2012, Unger-Shayesteh et al 2013)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2118761369,"citingcorpusid":219476621,"citedcorpusid":129315308,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In this range of the Tian Shan, precipitation occurs mostly in summer caused by convective events and has been increasing over the past decades [8,11].","40% year−1), in regions like the Terskey Alatau, the Akshiirak and Ala Archa, and the Aksu River Basin [6,8,53,61,62].","Due to the high continentality, the region is characterized by an arid and semi-arid climate, with limited mean annual precipitations [8,10,11].","The higher rate of glacier retreat in Borohoro during 1977–2018 could be a result of accelerated ablation trend after the 1970s [8].","76% year−1) occurred in the outer ranges of the Tian Shan or in peripheral, low-elevation ranges near the densely populated forelands [8].",", [8,53,73], whereas an increasing trend is commonly found in the eastern and northern ranges, e.","Previous work has revealed that glacier shrinkage has been observed across different ranges of the Tian Shan [8].","retreat in Borohoro during 1977–2018 could be a result of accelerated ablation trend after the 1970s [8]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":96174904,"citingcorpusid":4646874,"citedcorpusid":129315308,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[", across most of Tien-Shan and Djungarskiy Alatau (Severskiy et al. 2016; Sorg et al. 2012; Farinotti et al. 2015; Pieczonka and Bolch 2015).","In the first decade of the twenty-first century, the retreat rates increased to 1% year − 1 , e.g., across most of Tien-Shan and Djungarskiy Alatau (Severskiy et al. 2016; Sorg et al. 2012; Farinotti et al. 2015; Pieczonka and Bolch 2015).","The cryosphere retreat has a continent-wide spatial scale with temporal scales that vary from the century to millennia for glaciers and permafrost, to seasonal for snow cover extent (Shahgedanova et al. 2010, 2012, 2014; Aizen et al. 2007; Bulygina et al. 2011; Gutman and Reissell 2011; Sorg et al. 2012; Chen et al. 2013; Groisman and Gutman 2013; Nosenko et al. 2013; Khromova et al. 2014; Blunden and Arndt 2015; Farinotti et al. 2015; Syromyatina et al. 2014, 2015; Fausto et al. 2016).","tween and within the mountainous systems (Kutuzov and Shahgedanova 2009; Narama et al. 2010; Sorg et al. 2012; Shahgedanova et al. 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1063292940,"citingcorpusid":22552287,"citedcorpusid":117770486,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It is a generalization of the algebraic connectivity, a metric defined as the 2 smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix of a given graph, and known to be a sensitive measure for quantifying graph connectivity in a broad spectrum of graphs [1-4].","The 2 smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix is referred to as the algebraic connectivity of G: see [3] and [4].","A(G) is an n x n adjacent matrix associated with network G [3].","The reason for calling the 2 smallest eigenvalue as the algebraic connectivity of G comes from the following two lemmas [3]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1065216948,"citingcorpusid":13232445,"citedcorpusid":117770486,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Algebraic connectivity of a network N is the second largest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix L ( N ) = D ( N ) − A ( N ) associated with the network where D ( N ) = diag { k 1 , . . . , k n } denotes the degree matrix and A ( N ) is the adjacency matrix of the network [27].","More importantly, λ 2 determines the robustness of a network, i.e. larger the value of λ 2 , the more difficult to make the network disconnected by removal of nodes or edges [27]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3182514714,"citingcorpusid":16119557,"citedcorpusid":117770486,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Keywords: consensus protocol; performance; graph theory; SDP\n✩The authors thank the German Research Foundation (DFG) for financial support within the Cluster of Excellence in Simulation Technology and the Priority Programme 1305 “Control Theory of Digitally Networked Dynamical Systems.”","Thediameterof a graph, denotediam[G], is the maximum distance2 between any two nodes in a graph."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3182511234,"citingcorpusid":111289021,"citedcorpusid":117770486,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The relationship between the second smallest eigenvalue and the connectivity property of G is widely known in the field of graph theory (Fiedler 1973, Ghosh and Boyd 2006).","Improved versions of the algorithms have been proposed by Goldfarb and Jin (1996), Goldfarb et al.","Improved versions of the algorithms have been proposed by Goldfarb and Jin (1996), Goldfarb et al. (1997) and Radzik (1998).","Improved versions of the algorithms have been proposed by Goldfarb and Jin (1996), Goldfarb et al. (1997) and Radzik (1998). So far, strongly polynomial algorithms are only available to find approximate solutions (Cohen and Megiddo 1994)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1060427451,"citingcorpusid":52998211,"citedcorpusid":117770486,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This approachwas initiated by Fiedler [13] (also [3]), and has been developed by several authors (e.g. [1, 28]).","This approachwas initiated by Fiedler [13] (also [3]), and has been developed by several authors (e."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":2693768375,"citingcorpusid":25886604,"citedcorpusid":25393894,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…had MICs of 200 mg ml-1 for ampicillin, consistent with the view that these fusion sites were each in the periplasm,\nbecause b-lactamase fusion proteins can provide E. coli with ampicillin resistance only if the b-lactamase moiety is translocated to the periplasm (Broome-Smith et al., 1990).","coli with ampicillin resistance only if the b-lactamase moiety is translocated to the periplasm (Broome-Smith et al., 1990)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3182501226,"citingcorpusid":215815472,"citedcorpusid":117770486,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["There are many results in literatures concerning the algebraic connectivity of a graph[21,22,23]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1604342595,"citingcorpusid":196170605,"citedcorpusid":117770486,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While the problem of optimal cut search has a combinatorial nature, it has a beautiful connection to spectral graph theory [15], which, among other things, provides techniques for approximating optimal cuts relying on eigenvalues and eigenvectors of certain matrices associated with the network [16, 17, 18, 19]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3473109058,"citingcorpusid":237523849,"citedcorpusid":2166694,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Hélie and Sun (2010) combine incubation and insight in a theoretical model.","Later Mookherjee and Sopher (1994) studied RL in a noncooperative game setting."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1655780466,"citingcorpusid":5238820,"citedcorpusid":27916494,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Conversely, VEGF expression has not been shown to be a significant prognostic factor in childhood medulloblastoma.(130,131) Hypoxia in solid tumours is not surprising due to the dependency on blood supply, perhaps not expected is the role of the HIF-1 pathway in haematological malignancies and suggests activation in a hypoxia independent manner."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":71178298,"citingcorpusid":28730173,"citedcorpusid":119115401,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["1 of [42], as A has stable rank one (by 11.","1 of [42], there is a homomorphism h1 : D ′ 1,1 → C such that Cu∼(h′1) = Γ ∼ ◦ Cu(ı1), in particular, 〈h ′ 1(d ′ 00)〉 = Γ ∼ ◦Cu(ı1)(〈d ′ 00〉).","1 of [42] (as any hereditary sub-C*-algebra of A has stable rank one) that there exists a unitary u1 ∈ Ã ′ such that ‖u∗1(Ad u0 ◦H ◦ h1 ◦ j1(x))u1 − ı1 ◦ j1(x)‖ < min{ε/16, δ1/16} for all x ∈ G1.","1 of [42] (as C has stable rank one) that there is a homomorphism h2 : D ′ 2,1 → C such that Cu∼(h′2) = Γ ∼ ◦ Cu(ı2), in particular, 〈h ′ 2(d ′ 2,00)〉 = Γ ∼ ◦ Cu(ı2)(〈d ′ 2,00〉).","3 of [42], Cu(A) = LAff∼+(T0(A)) (see also 7.","There is a homomorphism Γ : Cu(C1) → Cu (W) (see [42]) such that Γ(f)(τW) = (μ ⊗ tr)(f) for all f ∈ Aff(T(C1)), where τW is the unique tracial state of W.","Following [42], let us denote LAff+(T̃(A)) the set of all lower semicontinuous affine functions with values in [0,∞] on T̃(A) which are limits of increasing sequences of functions in Aff+(T̃(A)), together with the zero function.",", K0(A)+ = {0}, a number of classification results are known (see [40], [51], [42]).","1 of [42], as A has stable rank one, that there exists a unitary u2,1 ∈ Ã ′′","For each n, there is a homomorphism hn : Mn(Y ) → W (by [42]) such that hn maps a strictly positive element of Mn(Y ) to a strictly positive element of W."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,null,null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3125757221,"citingcorpusid":221797264,"citedcorpusid":11252599,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Criteria for the diagnosis of hemorrhagic shock are mainly based on the measurement of blood loss volume and vital signs, such as pulse rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate [7]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3483535361,"citingcorpusid":211262845,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2; Lord et al., 2012), administered by an experienced research-reliable administrator at the Southwest Autism Resource and Diagnostic Center, and an IQ score >70 as measured by the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2 (KBIT-2, Kaufman & Kaufman, 1990)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3802695032,"citingcorpusid":231642596,"citedcorpusid":2432490,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Unfortunately, clinical trials that administered recombinant IFN-γ or an anti–IL-13 monoclonal antibody failed to show any clinical benefit in IPF patients (89, 90)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":927493271,"citingcorpusid":24933590,"citedcorpusid":2432490,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, a substantial minority of patients experienced acute deterioration leading to death (sudden worsening of less than 4 wk duration) (Figure 3) (3, 4, 26, 29, 43).","Frequent hospitalizations for respiratory problems are common events and are often associated with death (3, 4, 43)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1979025290,"citingcorpusid":153952188,"citedcorpusid":154443902,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["(1990), Roland-Holst (1990) and Llop and Manresa (2004).","14 Isla et al. (2002) present a similar analysis for Andalusian economy.","On the other hand, computable general equilibrium models have been applied to analyse the relationship between economic growth and income inequality – Hanson and Rose (1997) – or the effects on income distribution of several energy taxation measures – Yang (2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":968367011,"citingcorpusid":62792642,"citedcorpusid":131627556,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of approaches, and increase the likelihood of adoption of appropriate methods for natural resource management (O’Neil 1995, Simpson 1998, Winkelerprins, A.M.G.A., 1999, ILEA Editors 2000, Egziabher 2001, Franzel 2001, Barrios et al 2001, SciDev.net, August 2002, Critchley and Mutunga 2002).","…emphasized that coupling the experimental protocols of the scientific method to the farmer’s deep appreciation of their system would seem to be a powerful way to generate new agricultural practices (Simpson 1998, Winkelerprins, A.M.G.A., 1990, Barrios et al 2001, Reij and Waters-Bayer (2001))."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2680151265,"citingcorpusid":6515018,"citedcorpusid":28785974,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It can be evidenced in the trend toward the higher percentage of extensive-stage SCLC patients from 50% in the 1970s to 65% in the early 1990s [ 7 ], and almost 80% recently [8], along with the fact that the real survival rate improved less than 3% from 1975–77 to 1996–2002 [9]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2974309114,"citingcorpusid":24491605,"citedcorpusid":22629885,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To determine whether this property was specific for PTP-1B, we also analyzed another phosphatase for which a substrate has been proposed, namely PTP- and the Tie-2 receptor (Fachinger et al. 1999).","To identify substrates, substrate-trapping mutants have mainly been used in pull-down or overexpression experiments (Fachinger et al. 1999; Zhang et al. 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":590748547,"citingcorpusid":55797281,"citedcorpusid":90275020,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["MS26 16.89 8.04 47.61 M S 67.53 T 75 MS15 15.25 8.10 52.17 E S 51.00 L 10 MS17 14.67 7.59 51.71 M O 70.27 L 50 MS19 13.25 7.30 53.25 E O 53.00 L 0 MS20 12.73 6.56 51.60 E S 71.47 T 46 MS23 12.28 7.19 58.59 E S 66.07 T 0 MS27 13.50 7.81 57.86 E O 59.07 T 100 MS29 12.38 6.70 54.12 E O 60.00 T 100\nM: Medium; E: Easy; S: Spheroid; O: Ovoid; T: Terminal; L: Lateral As reported by Kazankaya et al. (2002) in\nTurkey, nut weight, kernel weight and kernel ratio of superior walnut genotypes were 11-12 g, 6-7 g and\nmore than 45%, respectively.","According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, Iran ranks fourth (after China, the United States and Turkey) in global walnut production (FAO, 2009).","Identification of promising walnut genotypes has also been reported in other countries such as India (Sharma and Sharma, 1998; Sharma\nand Sharma, 2001), Turkey (Yarilgac et al., 2001; Kazankaya et al., 2001; Sutyemez and Kaska, 2005; Ozkan and Koyunca, 2005; Aslantas, 2006), Kyrgyzstan (Hemery, 1998) and Slovenia (Solar and Stampar, 2005; Zeneli et al., 2005; Colaric et al., 2006).","Identification of superior walnut (Juglans regia) genotypes in north-eastern Anatolia, Turkey.","Physical and chemical composition of source walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes grown in Turkey.","Selection of late leafing, late flowering, laterally fruitful walnut (Juglans regia) types in Turkey.","such as India (Sharma and Sharma, 1998; Sharma and Sharma, 2001), Turkey (Yarilgac et al., 2001; Kazankaya et al., 2001; Sutyemez and Kaska, 2005; Ozkan and Koyunca, 2005; Aslantas, 2006), Kyrgyzstan (Hemery, 1998) and Slovenia (Solar and Stampar, 2005; Zeneli et al.","…genotypes has also been reported in other countries such as India (Sharma and Sharma, 1998; Sharma\nand Sharma, 2001), Turkey (Yarilgac et al., 2001; Kazankaya et al., 2001; Sutyemez and Kaska, 2005; Ozkan and Koyunca, 2005; Aslantas, 2006), Kyrgyzstan (Hemery, 1998) and Slovenia (Solar and…"],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2793193913,"citingcorpusid":57549615,"citedcorpusid":15246828,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similar urban and rural differences were reported from Saudi Arabia [21]."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":3206012721,"citingcorpusid":216222299,"citedcorpusid":38041885,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Until now [2-3], various studies and applications on these systems were carried out in microscopy [4] to improve image resolution, in spectroscopy [5-6] for the sensing of nanoparticles, or in biology [7]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3229053458,"citingcorpusid":231588237,"citedcorpusid":13730744,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["5% by the crowdsourcing processes active on iNaturalist and in Facebook groups) suggest that crowds working together can achieve higher accuracy than individual crowd members working alone [91], although social influence may undermine the wisdom of the crowd in some circumstances [92,93]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4091929812,"citingcorpusid":252365982,"citedcorpusid":25679772,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["of the ligaments at the ankle, including guiding passive joint motion and providing mechanical stability for the joint.(12,13) The ATFL prevents the talus from over‐translating anteriorly and over‐ plantarflexion of the ankle; the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) provides the stability of the subtalar joint; and the posterior tibiofibular ligament prevents the fibula from sliding forward.","The lateral ankle ligaments, together with the articular surfaces, determine the normal coupled motion of the ankle joint in vitro.(10,12) Injury to the ATFL disrupts the coupled motion, leading to increased passive instability because the ATFL plays an important role in preventing excessive rotation of the talocrural joint in both the frontal and the transverse plane.","deformations in the ligamentous structures as in in vitro passive testing conditions.(12,13) Given the passive mobility and stability of the intact ankle joint provided mainly by the ligaments and articular surfaces,(12) the control of the active motions of the talocrural and subtalar motions in healthy ankles also relied on a healthy neuromuscular function.","Under passive conditions the ligaments, together with the articular surfaces of the ankle joint, form a one‐degree‐of‐freedom (1‐DOF) mechanism, exhibiting coupling between the three rotational components during unresisted flexion motions.(12) For a 1‐DOF mechanism involving three rotation components, given the primary rotational component (e.","In other words, the ankle follows a unique path of coupled motion during unresisted flexion.(12) The difference between the forward and return paths of a rotational component against the primary rotational component was minimum in an intact healthy ankle."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1718942380,"citingcorpusid":22190808,"citedcorpusid":25679772,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although these studies provide a useful anatomic map of the effective sequential soft-tissue releases of the mediolateral gaps, they may not completely simulate what occurs in the operating room.(17,18) A logical stepwise approach should be used in the management of varus or valgus deformity during primary TAR."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":268616192,"citingcorpusid":1704153,"citedcorpusid":25679772,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, when measuring 3D joint angle following the JCS calculation, a neutral posture is generally used to fix the zero value of the three angles (Benedetti et al., 1998; Leardini et al., 1999)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":4017554097,"citingcorpusid":254986430,"citedcorpusid":16459122,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In order to relax the requirement of the optical cavity for realization of the multiqubit CPF gate, we could use Rydberg atomic ensembles to collectively enhanced the coupling between the cavities and atoms [31,38,39]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2724559092,"citingcorpusid":221275975,"citedcorpusid":3335249,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…effort should be made to prevent disease progression due to eventual acquired resistance of almost all targeted therapies (Ke et al., 2018; Wu and Shih, 2018; Yoneshima et al., 2018). m6A RNA methylation, which is shown essential for better prediction of malignant behavior\nand clinical…","Considerable effort should be made to prevent disease progression due to eventual acquired resistance of almost all targeted therapies (Ke et al., 2018; Wu and Shih, 2018; Yoneshima et al., 2018)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1841918741,"citingcorpusid":213435541,"citedcorpusid":143623242,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["To combine these factors into one model, the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) paradigm was used, which has been applied in various fields of consumer research explaining consumers’ purchase behavior (Vieira, 2013, p. 1421; Mehrabian & Russell, 1974, p. 8)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1868665328,"citingcorpusid":213712172,"citedcorpusid":143623242,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The present literatures emphasize on the functions these emotions appear because of environmental stimuli, and the suggestions to retailers for using this as tools for marketing in order to create market differentiation (Vieira, 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":187605956,"citingcorpusid":15668922,"citedcorpusid":19170611,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Volume 24 February 1, 2013 169","It should be noted that in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, lipid droplets appear to be dispensable for ERAD (Olzmann and Kopito, 2011), reflecting key differences between the ERAD pathway in yeast and mammalian cells."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1639192594,"citingcorpusid":62065103,"citedcorpusid":19633410,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Statistically significant improvement in mathematics performance when using applied academics was found in studies by Bottoms, Presson and Johnson (1992), Keif and Stewart (1996), Pepple and O’Connor (1992), and Tanner and Chism (1996), and Wang and Owens (1995).","Miller and Gliem (1994) found that there were statistically significant relationships\nbetween teachers’ mathematical problem-solving ability and “years of teaching experience, final college grade point average, and attitude toward including mathematics concepts in the curriculum and instruction of…","Though voluntary, widespread adoption of the NCTM standards occurred when “over 80 percent of the states have modified their mathematics framework so that they are inline with the NCTM standards” (McCarty, n.d., p. 4). The National Research Council (2002) stated that as of 2001, “Forty-nine states have developed standards and curriculum frameworks in mathematics and science."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":356529895,"citingcorpusid":8114819,"citedcorpusid":8712045,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…regarding cellular effects not specific to sighs, voltage-clamp experiments have previously been performed in the mouse slice preparation and found that agatoxin-sensitive currents comprised a variable but small subset of the HVA calcium current somatically recordable (Elsen and Ramirez 1998).","…subtypes to the response properties of isolated VRG neurons have been characterized in both current clamp (Onimaru et al. 1996) and voltage clamp (Elsen and Ramirez 1998), but their functional roles in the genesis of either eupnea or sighs have not been characterized nor have their respective…","L-type Ca 2ϩ currents are present in inspiratory cells (Elsen and Ramirez 1998) and have been proposed to play a role in the shaping of respiratory neural discharge (Rybak et al. 1997)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3757003473,"citingcorpusid":213970994,"citedcorpusid":7622739,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["On the other hand, β-AR blockade prevents cerebral hypoperfusion by inhibiting the effect of NE on the β-AR, by micro PET imaging it was shown that applying propranolol after brain injury in mice increases cerebral perfusion and reduces the cerebral hypoxia.[31] Therefore, increase in cerebral perfusion could be the reason for increased antidepressant-like effects of minocycline following propranolol coadministration."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":939727087,"citingcorpusid":57574531,"citedcorpusid":45308101,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Ever since the work of Darwin (1871), evolutionary biologists have focused on sex ratios as they are a key aspect of the natural history of sexually reproducing organisms and are particularly important for an understanding of social behaviour, breeding strategies and population dynamics (Hardy 2002; West 2009).","…work of Darwin (1871), evolutionary biologists have focused on sex ratios as they are a key aspect of the natural history of sexually reproducing organisms and are particularly important for an understanding of social behaviour, breeding strategies and population dynamics (Hardy 2002; West 2009).","1996; reviewed by Trivers 1985; Hardy 2002; West 2009).","Numerous theoretical models have been developed following Fisher’s seminal argument that predicted skewed offspring sex ratios under certain environmental and genetic conditions (Hamilton 1967; Trivers and Willard 1973; Daan et al. 1996; reviewed by Trivers 1985; Hardy 2002; West 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1606540651,"citingcorpusid":203573982,"citedcorpusid":45308101,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similar results to ours were previously interpreted as a shift in sex allocation towards the male reproductive function (De Visser et al. 1994), as predicted by theoretical models (Charnov 1980, 1982).","Hence, larger (and older) individuals had higher female reproductive output, as predicted by size advantage models (Ghiselin 1969; Charnov 1982)."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2418790929,"citingcorpusid":15910677,"citedcorpusid":45308101,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Together with empirical studies on separate-sexed organisms (e.g., Werren 1980, 1983; Herre 1985; reviewed in West 2009), our work suggests that Hamilton’s LMC theory, which has later been extended to simultaneous hermaphrodites (Charnov 1980; Fischer 1981), provides valid predictions that are…","…LMC on sex allocation comes from studies on parasitoid wasps, pollinating fig wasps and spider mites, which provide both qualitative and quantitative support for sex allocation theory in separate-sexed organisms (e.g., Werren 1980; Herre 1985; Macke et al. 2011; reviewed in Hardy 2002; West 2009).","Sex allocation theory provides the theoretical framework to predict resource allocation to male and female reproduction in sexually reproducing organisms and is considered as a touchstone in evolutionary biology (Frank 2002; reviewed in Charnov 1982; Hardy 2002; West 2009).","ORIGINAL ARTICLE\ndoi:10.1111/evo.12189"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3348013034,"citingcorpusid":233518170,"citedcorpusid":45308101,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Sex allocation, defined as the energy invested in male and female offspring, can influence the mating, resources procurement, and reproductive success of these individuals or their kin, ultimately impacting inclusive fitness (Fisher, 1930; West, 2009).","Thus, biased allocation toward females potentially reduces fitness, and the frequency- dependent nature of selection should cause colonies to invest more in males, unless a parasitic sex distorter is driving the female bias (Fisher, 1930; West, 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2194667017,"citingcorpusid":150175116,"citedcorpusid":8630748,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Während die pharmakologischen Verfahren und die ValsalvaMethode recht gut untersucht sind, ist die „neck chamber“-Technik weniger verbreitet; sie wurde bisher nur im wissenschaftlichen Setting für spezifische pathophysiologische Fragestellungen verwendet [6, 58].","[6] Bernardi L, Bianchini B, Spadacini G et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1891416309,"citingcorpusid":9766996,"citedcorpusid":45308101,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Hence, the factors that underlie the evolutionary maintenance of condition-dependent sex allocation are still poorly understood (West 2009).","Studies on a number of taxa have shown that environments that are more beneficial to males than females lead to the overproduction of sons, whereas the reverse condition leads to the overproduction of daughters (see West 2009, and references therein)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3793846300,"citingcorpusid":144111724,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["6% respectively), and these differences are magnified at high exercise intensities (>80% work rate maximum) [13].","These “thresholds” have typically been determined from a ramp or step-wise work rate incremental exercise test, historically beginning with the anaerobic “threshold” hypothesis [16], and followed by a variety of other “threshold” measures including lactate “threshold” [17, 18], individual anaerobic threshold [19], onset of blood lactate accumulation [20], first and second ventilatory “threshold” [14] and respiratory compensation point [13] - the latter two measures being derivations of the anaerobic “threshold” hypothesis."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2178740309,"citingcorpusid":144111724,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["PPO: VALUABLE OR NOT? Several investigations have demonstrated that laboratory measured PPO is highly related to cycling TT performance when cyclists are tested using their own bicycles mounted to an air-braked ergometer [3, 4, 5].","This laboratory test also permits the assessment of peak sustained power output (PPO), a measure that is highly related to cycling time-trial (TT) performance [3, 4, 5]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4106167350,"citingcorpusid":258487628,"citedcorpusid":45308101,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Fischer (1981) derived a similar conclusion, apparently independent from (Charnov, 1980; see also West, 2009, p. 83 and references therein).","In accordance with the central message stated above, the logic of these models is analogous to models of sex ratio evolution under local mate competition in gonochoristic species (Hamilton, 1967; West, 2009).","First, classic theoretical results for sex allocation in simultaneous hermaphrodites (e.g., Charnov, 1980; see Charnov, 1982; West, 2009 for reviews) are contained as a special case."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":486907903,"citingcorpusid":53409106,"citedcorpusid":121619403,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Examples of various industrial applications include cement (Bishop and Barron 2006), coal-water slurry (Degtyarenko et al. 1988), textile dyeing (Dilling 1987), agrochemicals (Li et al. 2009; Li et al. 2011), and oil recovery (Gogoi 2011)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":934034792,"citingcorpusid":37957698,"citedcorpusid":15172758,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Disruption of this feedback loop causes a rapid loss of synchrony between cells in a culture and is postulated to also be required at generation times shorter than 24 h to counteract the effective degradation of clock proteins by cell division and protein degradation [12,13].","This TTR loop has been shown to be particularly important for maintaining synchrony within a population [12,13].","It was convincingly shown in Synechococcus that a TTR loop is required to maintain synchrony between cells in a (fast-) growing culture [12,13], but the lack of a promoter in-between kaiA and kaiB1C1makes this particular TTR unlikely to be the case in Synechocystis [17]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":787127167,"citingcorpusid":15366579,"citedcorpusid":2210501,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This is in agreement with the result obtained in the simple mean field approach in the case of positive temperatures [19].","[11], [19], [3], [4] utilize a transformation to restate the coupled fluid-sphere model in terms of a relative vorticity distribution on the sphere which is then approximated over a discrete lattice.","A standard symmetry-breaking phase transition is thus predicted by the fixed point equation in this Bragg mean field model, in agreement with both the simple mean field theory [19] and Lim’s spherical model [12], [5], [15], [1], [4].","A simple mean field method on a related model [19], (where spins are allowed to take on a continuous range of values), has successfully found phase transitions for barotropic flows coupled to a rotating sphere.","A paper [19] by the first author complementing this one uses a simple mean field method while enforcing enstrophy constraints in an averaged manner.","The results derived by using Bragg’s method are in good agreement with those found through Monte - Carlo simulations of the spherical energyenstrophy model by Ding and Lim [1], [4] and with a simple mean field theory [19], in the non-rotating, rotating positive temperature and possibly rotating negative temperature problems.","It was shown in [12] and [19] that the particular form of the kinetic energy functional for coupled barotropic flow on a sphere allows us to"],"intents":[["result"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":581020624,"citingcorpusid":54846813,"citedcorpusid":10191857,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["2 is essentially settled with the above preliminaries and so now the theorem follows by a standard argument (see [8] and references therein).","The argument is very close to that in the mass-critical case α = 2 such as [43, 8, 51].","As in [8], the proof splits into two parts.","By employing a successive notion of smallness of remainder term, used in [1, 8, 29], this part can be shown in an abstract way.","See [43, 8, 1] for decomposition associated with Schrödinger equation and see [51] for that with Airy 1 Actually, when α = 4, fn = f + T (n)g with f, g ∈ L̂ 4/3 is a counter example to the above decoupling."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2891985789,"citingcorpusid":9141771,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["On the other hand, patients with IGHD type IB or II respond well to hGH replacement without developing antihGH antibody (Phillips & Cogan, 1994; Cogan et al, 1994, 1995; Binder & Ranke, 1995).","Hereditary isolated growth hormone de®ciency (IGHD) has been classi®ed into three major types by their inheritance pattern (Phillips & Cogan, 1994).","In response to exogenous hGH, patients with type IA IGHD have a strong initial anabolic response that is followed by the development of anti-hGH antibodies in suf®cient titre to cause an arrest of response to hGH replacement (Illig et al., 1971; Phillips & Cogan, 1994)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1227622273,"citingcorpusid":37802608,"citedcorpusid":30872562,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["I would like to close by quoting Dr. Fry from his paper entitled ‘‘Experimental Carcinogenesis: What Have We Learned?’’","Carcinogenesis: What Have We Learned?’’ (38):"],"intents":[null,null]}
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{"citationid":3751885796,"citingcorpusid":228930989,"citedcorpusid":56340810,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["(Stokes 2008: 3–4)12.","Once we were locals; now we are cosmopolitans” (Stokes 2008: 3).","(Stokes 2008: 3–4)."],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1971736826,"citingcorpusid":3375601,"citedcorpusid":30153635,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and Connolly, 2015; Bruning et al., 2013; Burdon et al., 2015; Byrne et al., 2011; Carlson et al., 2014; Caruso et al., 2015; Chou et al., 2011; Coombs et al., 2015; Corbett et al., 2015; Coso et al., 2011; Costello et al., 2015; Crabtree and Blannin, 2015; Cuddy et al., 2013, 2014, 2015;…"],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":1534587153,"citingcorpusid":199554912,"citedcorpusid":161633978,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, Yang (1994) states that the essence of guanxi reflects the important rules of Confucian relational morality - the five key relationships to promote solidarity among relatives and friends.","Given the word ‘guanxi’ was not found in the old Chinese dictionary, some scholars argue that the concept of guanxi was a ‘new thing’ emerging in the late Cultural Revolution (1966- 1976) and prospering in the economic reform period (Langenberg, 2007; Wilson, 2002; Yang, 1994).","Given the word ‘guanxi’ was not found in the old Chinese dictionary, some scholars argue that the concept of guanxi was a ‘new thing’ emerging in the late Cultural Revolution (19661976) and prospering in the economic reform period (Langenberg, 2007; Wilson, 2002; Yang, 1994)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3106052223,"citingcorpusid":223469273,"citedcorpusid":10457860,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The caps used for the sub-basin estimates are labelled with bold bright green numbers. b) Sensitivity kernel for configuration 1-6-7 superimposed on ice velocity [Rignot et al., 2011b, Mouginot et al., 2012, Rignot et al., 2017]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1014868442,"citingcorpusid":1941474,"citedcorpusid":32232958,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The approaches of complexity science have informed studies of global environmental change (Janssen 1998), protected areas and their impact on human communities (Roberts et al. 2002), tropical deforestation (Soares et al. 2002; Deadman et al. 2004), climate change (Solecki and Oliveri 2004), and LULC change ( Messina and Walsh 2001;  Lambin et al. 2003; Evans and Kelley 2004).","…change (Janssen 1998), protected areas and their impact on human communities (Roberts et al. 2002), tropical deforestation (Soares et al. 2002; Deadman et al. 2004), climate change (Solecki and Oliveri 2004), and LULC change (Messina and Walsh 2001; Lambin et al. 2003; Evans and Kelley 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1090578919,"citingcorpusid":132099878,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Bu ağın IGS istasyonlarından oluşturulması ve ZTD’nin yüksek doğruluklarla kestirimini sağlamak için, ağın bir deneysel optimizasyon çalışmasıyla kesinleştirilmesi önerilmektedir (Schüler 2001, Dousa 2004, Dousa ve Bennitt 2013, Jin vd., 2010, Rohm 2012, Rohm vd. 2014).","GNSS PWV’nin duyarlığı; ZTD’nin doğruluğu (ağ yapısı, değerlendirme stratejisi), ZHD’deki hatalar ve Tm’deki hatalar dikkate alınarak ±1-2 mm olarak verilmektedir (Schüler 2001, Pottioux vd. 2014, Ning 2012, Pacione vd. 2014).","GAMIT/GLOBK yazılımı için en uygun ağ ve toplam zenit gecikmesi kestirimi stratejileri araştırılmaya başlanmıştır (Schüler 2001)."],"intents":[null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":2709007148,"citingcorpusid":37284458,"citedcorpusid":26315615,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["geminin/Ki67 ratio) gives information about the relative length of G1 of a cell population (9, 12, 13).","The combined immunohistochemical assessment of Ki67, MCM2 and geminin expression in a neoplastic population permits the separation of low-grade (non-cycling population with high MCM2 expression and low Ki67 and geminin expression) from high-grade tumours (high proportion of cells expressing MCM2, and Ki67 with variable geminin expression depending on the G1 phase length) (13).","In lesions in cirrhotic livers, as in previous studies of Ki67, geminin and MCM2 (13, 18, 19), MCM2 stained a greater percentage of cells than Ki67, which in turns stained a greater percentage of cells than geminin."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":862248164,"citingcorpusid":54744717,"citedcorpusid":62816201,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["If one assumes that the survival probability of individuals is constant after adult life is reached (see e.g. Ringsby et al. 1999; Loison et al. 2002; Nisbet & Cam 2002), lifespan can be expected to have an exponential distribution (Larsen & Marx 1986)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1658507597,"citingcorpusid":2590227,"citedcorpusid":54112934,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Much work on beat tracking has worked from notated music rath er than performance data [14, 15, 3], and those using performan ce data have often used simple pieces such as nursery rhymes [12] or s hort excerpts of the melody lines of pieces [16], with the excepti on of Goto [7, 9, 8, 10], who used audio CD’s of popular music.","Much work on beat tracking has worked from notated music rather than performance data [14, 15, 3], and those using performance data have often used simple pieces such as nursery rhymes [12] or short excerpts of the melody lines of pieces [16], with the exception of Goto [7, 9, 8, 10], who used audio CD’s of popular music."],"intents":[null,null]}
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{"citationid":810153837,"citingcorpusid":51977334,"citedcorpusid":3537445,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Image Processing and Data Analysis In order to facilitate quantitative data analysis and avoid negative value artifacts commonly present in optoacoustic images reconstructed with back projection algorithms [26], we employed a combined model-based reconstruction and unmixing framework incorporating non-negative constrained inversion [25].","Additionally, in order to quantitatively map sO2 in whole mouse brains, we employed a newly-developed non-negative constrained approach for combined MSOT image reconstruction and unmixing [25], the advantage of which compared to state-of-the-art back projection methods being reduced critical image artifacts, thus maximizing the available information."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":29783578,"citingcorpusid":14276710,"citedcorpusid":120071187,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…of changes in the ionospheric ¯ow due to changes in IMF have shown a rapid response of the high-latitude ionosphere near noon, on time scales of no longer than a few minutes, with the e ect subsequently propagating to other time sectors on scales of about tenminutes (Todd et al., 1988).","Key words: Ionosphere (ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions) ± Magnetospheric physics (magnetosphereionosphere interactions; polar cap phenomena)","Todd et al. (1988) measured response times of 5.5 3.2 min in the early to mid-afternoon sector and approximately 9.5 3.0 min in the midmorning and dusk sectors."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2815920643,"citingcorpusid":85918007,"citedcorpusid":92672466,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This observation was later used as a fundamental hypothesis in the RESCAP model designed for crops (Monteith, 1986; Monteith et al., 1989), then adapted to forests and evaluated for Pinus radiata by Dewar (1997)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3905729811,"citingcorpusid":81852540,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Erxleben (1777: 304) used hippelaphus as an infrasubspecific name (with references to numerous authors), and Schmidt (1795: 27) used it as a valid name for a Cervus species. Owing to Schmidt's action, and following ICNZ (1999, para. 45.6.4.1.), hippelaphus is available from Erxleben (1777). Cervus elaphus hippelaphus Erxleben, 1777 is currently used as a valid name for the Central European subspecies of Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 by some authors (e.","Aldrovandi 1600, Schwenckfeld 1603, Jonston 1650, Charleton 1668, 1677, Willughby 1676, Ray 1713, Rzaczynski 1736, Barrère 1745, Linné 1746, 1748) form the type series of Turdus montanus Schmidt (see ICZN 1999, para. 72.4.4.). The neotype (designated above) is the mounted specimen P6V-1138, housed in the Department of Zoology, National Museum, Praha, Czech Republic. It is a 1st-winter individual, collected on 22 November 1931 in Špindlerův Mlýn, Czech Republic. The neotype (prepared by Hořice) was part of the renowned collection of Czech birds created by Alfred Hořice (1865–1945) and donated by himself to the National Museum, Praha, in 1945 (accession number 6344/1945). Morphological characters of the neotype clearly allow to assign the bird to the Central European subspecies of Ring Ouzels, which is currently known as Turdus torquatus alpestris Brehm, 1831. Ty p e l o c a l i t y : The Brisson's (1760b: 232–233) type locality of his Merula montana included the Pyrenees (Barrère 1745), the Alps (Aldrovandi 1600), Sudeten Mountains (Schwenckfeld 1603), British Islands (Charleton 1668, 1677, Willughby 1676, Ray 1713), and Sweden (Linné 1746). Other references cited by Brisson (1760b) are either secondary or less informative in respect to the type locality.","Vaurie 1959, Clement 2000), but the Brissonian type locality (see below) encompasses only the areas of the north European Turdus torquatus torquatus Linnaeus, 1758 and the central European Turdus torquatus alpestris Brehm, 1831. None of the syntypes is known to survive till today, so that the taxonomic meaning of Turdus montanus Schmidt, 1795 can be fixed only by a designation of a neotype. Hence, respecting original description (1st-winter individual) and type locality (Sudeten Mountains), we designate here specimen P6V-1138 as the neotype of Turdus montanus Schmidt, 1795 (for details see below). With the designation of the neotype, Turdus montanus Schmidt, 1795 becomes a senior subjective synonym of Merula alpestris Brehm, 1831 = Turdus torquatus alpestris (Brehm, 1831). In spite of that, prevailing usage of the latter name must be maintained (ICZN 1999, para. 23.9), because Turdus montanus Schmidt, 1795 has not been used as a valid name after 1899 (ICZN 1999, para. 23.9.1), and Turdus torquatus alpestris (Brehm) has been used as a valid name for Central European Ring Ouzels with sufficient frequency to fulfill the conditions of ICNZ (1999, para. 23.9.2). The required references (ICZN 1999, para. 23.9.3) include general literature (e.g. Vaurie 1959, Ripley 1964, Lindorfer 1970, Bëme 1975, Makatsch 1976, Klůz 1980, Cramp 1988, Janiga & Poxton 1997, Snow & Perrins 1998, Clement 2000, Gubitz & Spath 2002) and faunal surveys of the range states (e.g. Ferianc 1965, Schifferli et al. 1980, Makatsch 1981, Hudec 1983, Pontius 1986, Wüst 1986, Šťastný et al. 1987, 1996, Haffer 1988, Tomiałojć 1990, Fry et al. 1997, Rašajski 1997, Flousek & Gramsz 1999, Karaska 2002, Stepanjan 2003). Herewith, Merula alpestris Brehm, 1831 becomes a nomen protectum, and Turdus montanus Schmidt, 1795 becomes a nomen oblitum in the sense of ICZN (1999). Ty p e : Birds described by Brisson (1760b: 232) and references cited therein (i."],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":4028596101,"citingcorpusid":255378135,"citedcorpusid":160951251,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…w\no f th e U ta\nH am\nm am\nsq u ar e an\nd th e K as b a in\nC h ao\nu e n (P h o to g ra p h : au\nth o r, Ja n u ar y 2 0 1 7 )\nChristian names and surnames, and speaking Castilian—some did not even speak Arabic—and therefore their Muslim faith was not trusted (Cano 2004: 134–136; Garcı́a 2013: 348).","After the fall of Granada to the Christians in Spain in 1492, thousands of Andalusians fled their homes.","Tétouan, destroyed by the Castilians in 1399 and again by the Portuguese in 1437, was rebuilt by them and acquired significant importance in fighting against the Christians (Cano 2004:123).","In his work, Lasquetti never uses the word ‘refugee’ when referring to Andalusians that were compelled to seek exile in Morocco after the conquest of Granada by the Christians, and the successive expulsions from Castile and Aragon.","Nevertheless, the k ˙ abı̄la groups fiercely opposed the Spaniards, and the government resorted to military intervention in the region (Cano 2004: 216–217).","The war was one of the most violent wars of the 16th century, featuring several massacres of priests committed by the Moriscos, or Muslims living in Spain, as well as the death, expulsion, and slavery of thousands of Moriscos by Christians."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1145699768,"citingcorpusid":157313482,"citedcorpusid":37281377,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Toma (2012) describes Bitcoin simply as an “Electronic Money System” that can be also used for mobile payments. Yermack (2013) addresses the categorization of Bitcoin as a currency by stating: “Bitcoin appears to behave more like a speculative investment than like a currency”.","Toma (2012) describes Bitcoin simply as an “Electronic Money System” that can be also used for mobile payments."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1657110018,"citingcorpusid":208175290,"citedcorpusid":152378145,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Adolescents and teens often visit museums with their families or school teachers and classmates, but when it’s up to them to choose how to allocate their free time, museums rarely appear at the top of their preferences (Gray, 1998)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2631642358,"citingcorpusid":24946608,"citedcorpusid":611104,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Given the demonstrated importance of muscle fiber type to the T2 change of exercise (12), it is noteworthy that the Type I/Type II fiber composition of the D-TA and STA is similar (22).","Consistent with this, in exercising muscles in which blood flow is restricted by proximal arterial ligation, muscle volume changes and T2 responses do not become maximal until flow is restored (12).","For instance, the osmotically driven water entry into cells that is responsible for much of the T2 change (10,12) would be enhanced with higher metabolite accumulation.","The metabolic basis of T2 changes lies in the intracellular accumulation of osmolytes such as inorganic phosphate and lactate, which draw water into the cell along osmotic pressure gradients (10,12)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3784229059,"citingcorpusid":229056125,"citedcorpusid":147559532,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Bloch and Febvre’s studies led to a new form of history: a history of mentalities, or the attitudes, values, and beliefs of social groups (Hutton, 1981; Le Goff, 1996).","Bloch and Febvre’s studies led to a new form of history: a history of mentalities, or the\nattitudes, values, and beliefs of social groups (Hutton, 1981; Le Goff, 1996).3 Mentalities are formally defined as “what is distinctive about the thought process and the set of beliefs of groups and…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1741002625,"citingcorpusid":210440255,"citedcorpusid":147559532,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It focuses on gradual developments of peoples’ mindsets within cultural and social contexts rather than on short-term events (Hutton, 1981).","mentalities opposes the unidimensional linear sequencing of a grand historical narrative and focuses on the gradual development of social and cultural attitudes of individuals to extrapolate a macro-history (Hutton, 1981).","A history of mentalities opposes the unidimensional linear sequencing of a grand historical narrative and focuses on the gradual development of social and cultural attitudes of individuals to extrapolate a macro-history (Hutton, 1981)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":206181326,"citingcorpusid":43671948,"citedcorpusid":145664950,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…N Mean\nAge\nInventory Inventory\nLanguage\nModel Fit of model to\ndata\nBolivia\nGlidden-Tracey & Parraga (1996)\nM/F\n98\n21\nSDS-S\nSpanish\nCircumplex\npoor\nGlidden-Tracey & Parraga (1996)\nM/F 98 21 SDS-S Spanish Gati poor\nGlidden-Tracey & Parraga (1996)\nM/F 98 21 SDS-S Spanish Alternative…","Table 1 Source, sample characteristics, inventory, inventory language, model, and fit of model to data by country Source Sex N Mean\nAge\nInventory Inventory\nLanguage\nModel Fit of model to\ndata\nBolivia\nGlidden-Tracey & Parraga (1996)\nM/F\n98\n21\nSDS-S\nSpanish\nCircumplex\npoor\nGlidden-Tracey & Parraga (1996)\nM/F 98 21 SDS-S Spanish Gati poor\nGlidden-Tracey & Parraga (1996)\nM/F 98 21 SDS-S Spanish Alternative poor\nChina\nLong, Adams, & Tracey (2005)\nM/F\n717\n16.69\nPGI\nChinese\nEight-type circular\ngood\nLong, Adams, & Tracey (2005)\nM/F 943 20.51 PGI Chinese Eight-type\ncircular\ngood\nLong, Adams, & Tracey (2005)\nM/F 717 16.69 PGI Chinese Holland good\nLong, Adams, & Tracey (2005)\nM/F 943 20.51 PGI Chinese Holland good\nLong, Adams, & Tracey (2005)\nM/F 711 16.69 PGI Chinese Spherical good\nLong, Adams, & Tracey (2005)\nM/F 939 20.51 PGI Chinese Spherical good\nTang (2001) M/F 166 21.59 SII - Chinese Chinese Holland poor\nChina, Hong Kong, & Taiwan\nLeong & Tracey (2006)\nM/F\n29\n(studies)\nMeta analysis\nHolland\npoor\nLeong & Tracey (2006)\nM/F 29\n(studies)\nMeta analysis\nGati good\nTable 1 (continued).","Glidden-Tracey and Parraga (1996) found the Spanish SDS demonstrated adequate linguistic characteristics but in the Bolivian sample only four types were found as opposed to Holland’s six.","Glidden-Tracey and Parraga (1996) found the Spanish SDS demonstrated adequate linguistic characteristics but in the Bolivian sample only four types were found as opposed to Holland’s six. Leong et al. (1998) found that the secondary constructs assessed through the VPI in India did not predict job satisfaction; nevertheless, the internal consistency and RIASEC structure was adequate and","Researchers examined the structure of the SDS in a sample of Bolivian college students and tested Holland’s circumplex model, Gati’s hierarchical model of vocational interests, and Rounds and Tracey’s (1996) alternative partition model.","Translations of the SDS into other languages show adequate reliability with alphas ranging from .77-.95 (e.g., du Toit & de Bruin, 2002; Glidden-Tracey & Parraga, 1996).","In a sample of 98 Bolivian university students (43.0% men and 53.1% women; mean age of 21), Glidden-Tracy and Parraga found that the theoretical structure of vocational interests was not replicated in this sample.","Holland’s circumplex model, Gati’s hierarchical model of vocational interests, and Rounds and Tracey’s (1996) alternative partition model all demonstrated a poor fit in Africa (du Toit & de Bruin, 2002; Glidden-Tracey & Parraga, 1996).","Assessing the structure of vocational interests\namong Bolivian university students.","Additionally, culturally diverse populations have shown unique gender differences in scoring from sample to sample (Glidden-Tracey & Parraga, 1996).","…& Parraga (1996)\nM/F\n98\n21\nSDS-S\nSpanish\nCircumplex\npoor\nGlidden-Tracey & Parraga (1996)\nM/F 98 21 SDS-S Spanish Gati poor\nGlidden-Tracey & Parraga (1996)\nM/F 98 21 SDS-S Spanish Alternative poor\nChina\nLong, Adams, & Tracey (2005)\nM/F\n717\n16.69\nPGI\nChinese\nEight-type…","The only study representing South America utilized the methods proposed\nby Hubert and Arabie (1987) and Glidden-Tracey and Parraga (1996).","…inventory language, model, and fit of model to data by country Source Sex N Mean\nAge\nInventory Inventory\nLanguage\nModel Fit of model to\ndata\nBolivia\nGlidden-Tracey & Parraga (1996)\nM/F\n98\n21\nSDS-S\nSpanish\nCircumplex\npoor\nGlidden-Tracey & Parraga (1996)\nM/F 98 21 SDS-S Spanish Gati…"],"intents":[null,null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null,["methodology"],null,["background"],null,["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2661695666,"citingcorpusid":33126177,"citedcorpusid":12938297,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some evidence suggests prolonged cognitive deficits may persist beyond the sedative action of the drug [116].","From an intraoperative perspective, dexmedetomidine has been effectively used as a sedative for both awake craniotomy and sedation cases [114–117]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2775538701,"citingcorpusid":2138220,"citedcorpusid":29611507,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 1996), and activation of NF-kB transcription factor (Rüngeler et al., 1999; Castro et al., 2000).","Many data reinforces the relationship between the presence of the alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone group in SL structure and their anti-inflammatory action (Matsuda et al., 1996; Rüngeler et al., 1999; Castro et al., 2000; Cho et al., 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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As was already noticed in Mahieu and Schotman (1994) the covariance structure of exchange rates expressed in a common numeraire has a very distinct feature.","The exchange rate set consists of all possible combinations of the following currencies: US dollar (USD), UK sterling (GBP), Japanese yen (JPY) and euro (EUR).(6) The sample runs from September 1, 1989 until September 16, 2003. Before January 1, 1999 the Deutsche mark is used as a proxy for the euro. For illustrative purposes, the log range and the QQ plot for the USD/EUR are presented in Figure 6.1.(7) The time-varying nature of the log range can be directly observed from the figure. From the QQ plot it is apparent that the unconditional distribution of the log range is very close to a normal distribution. The unconditional covariance and correlation matrices for the log range series (so the volatility of the volatility) appear in Table 6.1. As was already noticed in Mahieu and Schotman (1994) the covariance structure of exchange rates expressed in a common numeraire has a very distinct feature. The covariances of all dollar exchange rate returns are all in the same order of magnitude. This observation motivated Mahieu and Schotman (1994) to construct a multivariate exchange rate model exploiting this feature.","Our approach is inspired by Taylor and Sarno (1998) and is based on Monte Carlo experiments. We simulate real exchange rate series for several data generating processes (DGP’s) using Equation (3.2) as described above but instead of setting βi = 1 for all exchange rates to construct the distribution of the ADF test statistic under the unit root null-hypothesis (see step 3 of Section 3.2.2), we assign other values to the mean reversion parameters. 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{"citationid":4023050642,"citingcorpusid":255153271,"citedcorpusid":146919223,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["I believe CHOICE is significantly different from what has previously been proposed in this area, but it is true that choice-based criteria have been suggested as a means of dispensing with preference orderings in economics and decision theory since the 1930s.56 And, of course, such proposals have not been universally accepted.57 I do\n55 See Arneson on “cheap thrills” in ‘Human Flourishing versus Desire Satisfaction,’ p. 120.","56 See Samuelson (1938), 57 See, e.g., Sen (1973); Sumner, Welfare Happiness & Ethics, pp.113–122; Broome (1978); and Hausman (2012).\nnot have space here for a detailed discussion of the similarities and differences between various economists’ proposals and what I am up to here, but will note that some critiques will be ineffective because neither John Broome’s “Choice-Value Thesis” nor his “Liberal Defense Argument” entails or is entailed by CHOICE.58 Again, Sen’s argument against the possibility of a consistent liberal endorsement of Pareto optimality also does no damage to our proposal, because of the objection’s failure to contemplate anything like CHOICE’s reference to expected future capacities.59 In particular, Sen requires of liberalism that it take the fact of X being chosen over Y by everyone to entail that it would be good for society for X to be chosen over Y.","See, e.g., Perry (1926), particularly chh. 8–9.\nalready present in the world, but making a truth-condition or truth-maker, isn’t the same thing as making a truth: for that there must also be something to be true—an assertion, belief, proposition or the like.","33 See Parfit, Reasons and Persons, p. 511.\nwith the desirer having “full information” regarding the consequences of that desire’s fulfillment.34\nBiting the bullet on swinishness or Parfitian pointlessness35 involves responding with something like “I’m sorry, but those allegedly welfare-reducing fulfillments just are good for the addict (suicide, sadist, hickory leaf obsessive), regardless of how it might seem to them later, or anybody else ever.","See Dorsey, ‘Subjectivism Without Desire,’ pp. 420–421.","44 See Overvold (1982); Williams (1982); and Dorsey, ‘Subjectivism Without Desire.’","41 See Horn (2013).","See also, Sobel (1997).","45 See Dorsey ‘Subjectivism Without Desire,’ pp. 420–421 for coverage of a couple of innings.\nit, “I cannot coherently believe that it is good for me to be worse-off.”","28 For extensive bibliographies of political and welfare economists working in this area in the twentieth Century, see Mishan (1960); and Brock (1973); See also Feldman (2004); Korobkin (2009); and Ellerman (2015).","Mistakes are even easier to come by if we move to a more complex D-S view, according to which, for example, there are only certain types of desires that create values, or only certain types of desired items that are ever valuable.19 On these refined versions of D-S, Oona can be wrong in her prudential judgment (without “passing\n16 See, however, note 52 below.","63 See Wootton (1945).","See my definitions of “objective theories” and “subjective judgments” below.","60 See, e.g., Hausman (2000).","With that elaboration, his position again becomes one that allows for no mistakes in our beliefs about what is good for us, because, as Dorsey puts\n40 See Butler (1827).","See p. 486.","27 See Hall (1949); and Millgram (2000).","See also, Kubala (2017).","See p. 435."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":4406177488,"citingcorpusid":263759888,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However, some of the R. raciborskii strains isolated from Portugal, Hungary, Poland and Germany were demonstrated as toxic to various invertebrate or vertebrate models, even though they did not contain any of the known toxins (Fastner et al. 2003, Saker 2004, Antal et al. 2011, Ács et al. 2013, Poniedziałek et al. 2015).","In the second half of the 20th century, S. aphanizomenoides was found in warmer areas of Europe and from 1950 till the first decade of the XXI century has been noted in Hungary (Hortobagyti 1955, Borics et al. 2000), 32 sites in the Czech Republic (Horecká & Komárek 1979, Zapomělová et al. 2012), the Danube River in Romania (Cărăuş 2012), and Lake Stará Morava in Slovakia in 1997 (Hindák 2000).","Later still, in the 1990s, R. raciborskii was found in the water body near St. Petersburg (Russia) (Balashova et al. 1999), 7 water bodies in Germany (Krienitz & Hegewald 1996, Fastner et al. 2003, Mischke 2003, Nixdorf et al. 2003, Stüken et al. 2006, Botanic Garden & Botanical Museum Berlin 2021), a gravel-pit lake, Janíčkov dvor, in Slovakia (Maršálek et al. 2000), a fishpond, Mézeshegyi-tó, in Hungary (Borics et al. 2000), several water bodies in Romania (Cărăuş 2012), 3 water bodies in France (Coûté, Leitao & Martin 1997, Briand et al. 2002), Lake Volvi and the River Strymon in Greece (Padisák, 1997 and references therein), and 10 water bodies in Portugal (Saker 2004).","R. raciborskii has gradually become the dominant species in Lake Balaton, Hungary, causing blooms several times since 1982 with a maximum chlorophyll-α ranging from 70 to 160 µg l -1 , and later in 1992 with a biomass up to 870 mg l -1 in a shallow hypertrophic fishpond in Mézeshegyi-tó (Présing et al. 1996, Borics et al. 2000) (Fig.","…century, S. aphanizomenoides was found in warmer areas of Europe and from 1950 till the first decade of the XXI century has been noted in Hungary (Hortobagyti 1955, Borics et al. 2000), 32 sites in the Czech Republic (Horecká & Komárek 1979, Zapomělová et al. 2012), the Danube River in Romania…","In the 1960s and 1970s, the species was observed in Belarus (Mikheeva 1967), Ukraine ( Hamar 1977, Horecká & Komárek 1979, Présing et al. 1996), Hungary (Padisák 1997 and references therein), Austria (Claus 1961, Padisák 1997 and references therein), Slovakia (Horecká & Komárek 1979) and the Czech Republic (Horecká & Komárek 1979)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["background"],null]}
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(2019) The left ACC exhibited increased resting state FC and abnormal structural connectivity with the right MFG and\ndecreased resting state FC with the left MTG\nRS fMRI, DTI\nRistić et al. (2015) Increased sulcal depth in the right rostral ACC\nStructural MRI Niedtfeld et al.\n(2013) Smaller GMV in the ACC Structural MRI\nvan der Kruijs et al.(2012)\nIncreased\nfunctional connectivity in the ACC\nRS fMRI, event-related fMRI Wingenfeld et al. (2009) Compared to healthy controls, there was not a significant recruitment of the ACC for negative versus neutral and individual negative versus\nneutral conditions\nfMRI during performance of an individualized EST, with neutral, general negative words, and individual negative\nwords\nZhou et al (2017)\nReduced cortical thickness in left ACC\nMRI\nHippocampus\nThe hippocampus is a complex structure that plays a significant role in long-term memory and learning [26].","Many structural neuroimaging studies encountered a reduced Gray Matter Volume (GMV) in this structure [17-20].","Labate A, Cerasa A, Mula M, Mumoli L, Gioia MC, Aguglia U, et al. Neuroanatomic correlates of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a cortical thickness and VBM study.","Besides, a Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) study [18] and an MRI study [28] found a decrease in the hippocampus volume bilaterally.","…to measure changes in BOLD signal, combining script-driven imagery (to experimen-\ntally induce dissociation) with a subsequent emotional stroop task\nYu et al. (2019) Decreased GMV and GMD in the bilateral medial PFC\nnetwork VBM Meta- Analysis\nACC\nAmiri et al (2021)\nLeft ACC has more inhibitory…","Structural neuroimaging studies effected (such as MRI, SBM, and VBM) in FDS [42] and BPD [7,19,34] patients found GMV reductions in the ACC.","Structural neuroimaging studies were only carried out in BPD patients, and a GMV reduction of the dorsolateral PFC was found in VBM [37] and SBM [19] imaging techniques.","Aguilar-Ortiz S, Salgado-Pineda P, Marco-Pallarés J, Pascual JC, Vega D, Soler J, et al. Abnormalities in gray matter volume in\npatients with borderline personality disorder and their relation to lifetime depression: A VBM study.","Furthermore, another VBM study found a decreased GMV and GMD in the bilateral medial PFC network [20].","Those BPD patients exposed to a dissociation script showed\nreduced bilateral amygdala activity\nfMRI combining scriptdriven imagery with a\nsubsequent EWMT\nNiedtfeld I et al. (2013) Smaller GMV in the amygdala Structural MRI\nRichter et al. (2014) Decrease in the right amygdala volume\nVBM\nYu et al. (2019) Decreased GMV and GMD in\nthe bilateral Amygdala VBM Meta- Analysis\nHippocampus\nJohnstone et al. (2016) Smaller left hippocampal volume in patients who had experienced sexual abuse\nMRI Depping et al. (2016) Reduced GMV in the hippocampus and parahippocampus SBM\nKrause-Utz, Elzinga, et al.\n(2014)\nGreater amygdalar connectivity with hippocampus\nRS fMRI\nNiedtfeld I et al. (2013) Smaller GMV in the hippocampus\nStructural MRI\nRichter et al. (2014) Decrease in the hippocampus volume bilaterally\nVBM\nRossi et al. (2012)\nDecreased volumes of the bilateral hippocampi\nMRI\nInsula\nAmiri et al. (2021) Increased inhibition of the left insula by the amygdala, ACC and precentral gyrus\nRS fMRI Krauch et al. (2018) Increased activation in the left posterior insula fMRI during script-driven imagery paradigm\nLi et al. (2015)\nStronger FC between insular subregions and sensorimotor network, lingual gyrus, superior parietal gyrus and\nputamen\nRS fMRI Mortensen et al. (2016) Reduced brain activity in the right mid insula fMRI during a Posner task\nTakahashi et al. (2009) BPD participants who had had violent episodes over the previous 6 months, had a smaller\ninsular cortex bilaterally\nMRI\nZhou et al. (2017)\nLess surface area and GMV in left anterior insula\nMRI\nPFC Ding et al. (2014) Decreased long range FC in right medial PFC fMRI\nAguilar-Ortiz et al. (2018) GMV reduction in the dorsolateral PFC bilaterally\nVBM\nLi, Li, et al. (2015)\nIncreased fALFF and increased FC in the\ndorsolateral PFC RS fMRI\nDepping et al. (2016) Reduced GMV in the dorsolateral PFC\nSBM\n5Depression and Anxiety: Open Access\nNote: ACC: Anterior Cingulate Cortex; BOLD: Blood oxygen level-dependent; BPD: Borderline Personality Disorder; EST: Emotional Stroop Task; EWMT: Emotional Working Memory Task; Falff: Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations; FC: Functional Connectivity; FDG-PET: Fluorodeoxyglucose–Positron Emission Tomography; FDS: Functional Dissociative Seizures; fMRI: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; GM: Gray Matter; GMD: Gray Matter Density; GMV: Gray Matter Volume; HC: Healthy Controls; IAPS: International Affective Picture Show; IFG: Inferior Frontal Gyrus; MFG: Middle Frontal Gyrus; MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; MRS: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; MTG: Middle Temporal Gyrus; PCC: Posterior Cingulate Cortex; PET: Positron Emission Tomography; PFC: Prefrontal Cortex; RS fMRI: Resting State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; SBM: Source-based Morphometry; SMA: Supplementary Motor Area; SPECT: Single-Photon Emission Computerized Tomography; VBM: Voxel-Based Morphometry\nMortensen et al. (2016)\nReduced brain activity in the right rostrolateral PFC and\nbilaterally in the ventromedial PFC\nfMRI during a Posner task\nWinter et al. (2015) Increased activity in the dorsolateral PFC\nfMRI to measure changes in BOLD signal, combining script-driven imagery (to experimen-\ntally induce dissociation) with a subsequent emotional stroop task\nYu et al. (2019) Decreased GMV and GMD in the bilateral medial PFC\nnetwork VBM Meta- Analysis\nACC\nAmiri et al (2021)\nLeft ACC has more inhibitory effects on the insula and\nIFG; and right ACC is more inhibited by the insula and IFG, and has a less inhibitory effect on the SMA and precentral gyrus\nRS fMRI Amad et Al.","…EWMT\nNiedtfeld I et al. (2013) Smaller GMV in the amygdala Structural MRI\nRichter et al. (2014) Decrease in the right amygdala volume\nVBM\nYu et al. (2019) Decreased GMV and GMD in\nthe bilateral Amygdala VBM Meta- Analysis\nHippocampus\nJohnstone et al. 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Ibrahim, 1999; Kubota & Lin, 2006; Lee & Simon-Meada, 2006; Morgan, 1997; Motha, 2006; Ogbu, 1983, 1990b, 1992a, 1992b; Tatum, 1992; Taylor, 2006).","Despite the concept of diversity that is presumably ingrained with the ESL classroom, the teaching experiences of teachers of color mirror the learning experiences of foreign-born Blacks in ESL that are often complicated by implicit and explicit positions about race, language, power, and identity (Amin, 1997; Ibrahim, 1999; Morgan, 1997; Motha, 2006; Ogbu, 1992a; Taylor, 2006; Vollmer, 2000).","Research has established that educational climates have not been inclusive and supportive to unfamiliar cultures and the experiences of Blacks in ESL (Ladson-Billings, 1999;\n181\nLopez, 2002; Motha, 2006; Ogbu, 1983, 1990b, 1992a, 1992b; Tajfel, 1978; Tatum, 1992).","Research has confirmed that there is private yet significant conflict that is not often expressed outwardly with race and ESL, specifically for Blacks, against stereotypes, relegation, prejudices, and degree of expectation in terms of understanding, acceptance, and inclusion (Bachay, 1998; Butterfield, 2004; Kamya, 1997; Kirkwood, 2002; Lopez, 2002; Ogbu, 1992a; Vilme & Butler, 2004).","Race, a social construct, may influence perceptions about cultural and linguistic diversity as well as identity formation relevant to teaching and learning ESL (Albertini, 2004; Ibrahim, 1999; Lee & Simon-Maeda, 2006; Motha, 2006; Ogbu, 1992b; Taylor, 2006; Traore, 2008).","Racial identities of both teachers and students are significant in the social process of immigrant students in United States schools (Albertini, 2004; Amin, 1997; Ibrahim, 1999; Johnson et al., 2001; Motha 2006; Ogbu, 1983, 1990b, 1992a, 1992b; Taylor, 2006).","…identities and experiences and not taking into account important various aspects of their lives, unintentionally presents a void in the schooling experiences for foreign-born Blacks in ESL (Ladson-Billings, 1999; Lopez, 2002; Motha, 2006; Ogbu, 1983, 1990b, 1992a, 1992b; Tajfel, 1978; Tatum, 1992).","Linguistic imperialism and societal assumptions can become dominant issues that lessen the significance of the identity, language, culture, and communication of minorities in English as a second language (ESL) settings, which may hinder the possibilities of acceptance and success (Amin, 1997; Ibrahim, 1999; Morgan, 1997; Ogbu, 1992a).","…2004; Artiles et al., 2005; Boyd, 2002; Fuligni, 1997; Johnson et al., 2001; Kao & Thompson, 2003; Kirkwood, 2002; Nazroo & Karlsen, 2003; Ogbu, 1992b; Rodriquez, 2002; Saylor & Aries, 1999; Shin, Daly, & Vera, 2007), researchers are striving to offer more collective theoretical…","The impact of this research would provide new exposure to diversity, which could prepare all within the polarized learning environment to be effective, globally conscience citizens and leaders who are equipped with the awareness of various diversifications found within schools, communities, and the world (Amin, 1997; Ibrahim, 1999; Morgan, 1997; Motha, 2006; Ogbu, 1992a).","…can become dominant issues that\nlessen the significance of the identity, language, culture, and communication of minorities in English as a second language (ESL) settings, which may hinder the possibilities of acceptance and success (Amin, 1997; Ibrahim, 1999; Morgan, 1997; Ogbu, 1992a).","and imperialists, who developed preconceived notions about their race, class, identity, power, and language (Bachay, 1998; Butterfield, 2004; Kamya, 1997; Kirkwood, 2002; Lopez, 2002; Ogbu, 1992a; Vilme & Butler, 2004).","Such populations are the legacy of ancestors from the slave trades and imperialists, who developed preconceived notions about their race, class, identity, power, and language (Bachay, 1998; Butterfield, 2004; Kamya, 1997; Kirkwood, 2002; Lopez, 2002; Ogbu, 1992a; Vilme & Butler, 2004).","…minority language learners, may feel more comfortable in their learning environment once notions about oppression are adequately addressed (Amin, 1997; Ibrahim, 1999; Kubota & Lin, 2006; Lee & Simon-Meada, 2006; Morgan, 1997; Motha, 2006; Ogbu, 1983, 1990b, 1992a, 1992b; Tatum, 1992; Taylor, 2006).","…tends to beset these underrepresented subgroups with societal pressures to conform into prescribed cultural and linguistic norms of “acceptable” patterns of behavior and other forms of expression if they are to be respected and perhaps accepted by the larger society (Morgan, 1997; Ogbu, 1992a).","These labels create categories that can function as pre-established beliefs about respective groups (Ogbu, 1992a; Sodowsky & Plake, 1992).","…involuntary minorities, have concerns that should be addressed to ensure their linguistic, cultural, academic, and social success in school and beyond (Amin, 1997; Ibrahim, 1999; Kubota & Lin, 2006; Lee & Simon-Meada, 2006; Morgan, 1997; Motha, 2006; Ogbu, 1983, 1990b, 1992a, 1992b; Taylor, 2006).","…I\nIntroduction\nThe risk of overpowering dominant societal issues as well as the lessening of\nsignificant elements of foreign students’ language, culture, and communication over a period may detract from the possibilities of school success (Amin, 1997; Ibrahim, 1999; Morgan, 1997; Ogbu, 1992a).","Race, a social construct, may influence perceptions about cultural and linguistic\ndiversity as well as identity formation relevant to teaching and learning ESL (Albertini, 2004; Ibrahim, 1999; Lee & Simon-Maeda, 2006; Motha, 2006; Ogbu, 1992b; Taylor, 2006; Traore, 2008).","…could prepare all within the polarized learning environment to be effective, globally conscience citizens and leaders who are equipped with the awareness of various diversifications found within schools, communities, and the world (Amin, 1997; Ibrahim, 1999; Morgan, 1997; Motha, 2006; Ogbu, 1992a).","CRT can be used as form of opposition that challenges the measurements, controls, and other authoritative standards and judgments that are pleased upon culturally and linguistically diverse learners by dominant forces (Ladson-Billings & Tate, 1995; Ogbu, 1983, 1990b, 1992a, 1992b).","…expressed outwardly with race and ESL, specifically for Blacks, against stereotypes, relegation, prejudices, and degree of expectation in terms of understanding, acceptance, and inclusion (Bachay, 1998; Butterfield, 2004; Kamya, 1997; Kirkwood, 2002; Lopez, 2002; Ogbu, 1992a; Vilme & Butler, 2004).","Moreover, preconceived notions about race can contribute to the perceptions about foreign-born Blacks as language minority students (Lopez, 2002; Motha, 2006; Ogbu, 1983, 1990b, 1992a, 1992b).","Minority status in education has contributed to a growing body of research (Albertini, 2004; Artiles, Rueda, Salazar, & Higareda, 2005; Ogbu, 1983, 1990b, 1992a; 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{"citationid":2529633019,"citingcorpusid":23670646,"citedcorpusid":43884723,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) is a major adhesin of B. pertussis with important immuno-regulatory properties (Locht et al., 1993; Ishibashi et al., 1994; Mc Guirk and Mills, 2000; Abramson et al., 2001; Inatsuka et al., 2005).","pertussis with important immuno-regulatory properties (Locht et al., 1993; Ishibashi et al., 1994; Mc Guirk and Mills, 2000; Abramson et al., 2001; Inatsuka et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1908024257,"citingcorpusid":3675905,"citedcorpusid":3683304,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A closed-loop, computerbased protocol may be a solution, because these have been shown to improve resuscitation.(13,14) One might also theoretically attribute the increased urine output of the experimental group in our study to an osmotic diuresis caused by VC."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4820168603,"citingcorpusid":133888994,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["17\nFor example, Transfield Services has more than 28,000 employees in Australia, New Zealand, the United States, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, New Caledonia, South East Asia, India, Chile and Canada.","In 1957, when Karl Wittfogel proposed, via a study of water and governance in Asia, that there was an intrinsic relationship between the control of water and political power, he had little difficulty in persuading the academy that this was a reasonable supposition.","Dam building in Asia and South America continues to replace traditional forms of water control with corporate ownership and management (Shiva, 2002).","Siltation, decay, and lack of maintenance in politically unstable periods had similarly contributed to the demise of Mesopotamian and Central American irrigation societies, major dynasties in the Indus Region, and other such schemes across Asia (Kahlown et al., 2006)."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1168391052,"citingcorpusid":167443125,"citedcorpusid":133839473,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of the fertilizer subsidy was: (i) to provide food grains to the people at affordable prices; (ii) to insulate farmers from variations in production costs and to ensure reasonable returns from fertilizer use; and (iii) to ensure a reasonable return to the fertilizer industry (Singh, 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4181503180,"citingcorpusid":256702396,"citedcorpusid":89431048,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Most similarly, both neoplastic cells are negative for the lineage-associated antigens and the clonal Ig/TCR rearrangement, although TCR rearrangement has been occasionally reported in patients with BPDCN [1].","Background Mastocytosis, a unique and orphan disease, refers to a clonal and neoplastic proliferation of mast cells in one or more organ(s) [1].","The rare side-effect of memory impairment in this case helps to accumulate the experience of avapritinib in treating KIT D816V-mutant SM.\nAbbreviations SM Systemic mastocytosis WHO World Health Organization BPDCN Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm Ig Immunoglobulin TCR T-cell receptor\nAcknowledgments We would like to thank the patient and his family for participating in this case study.","According to the 2017 revised World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, mastocytosis is broadly divided into three categories: cutaneous mastocytosis, systemic mastocytosis (SM), and mast cell sarcoma [1].","Here, we report a rare case of KIT D816V mutant SM which has similar phenotype with BPDCN.","SM with immunoreactivity for key markers of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell *Correspondence: Yingyong Hou hou.yingyong@zs-hospital.sh.cn Department of Pathology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China\nneoplasm (BPDCN), including CD123, CD4, and CD56 has rarely been documented.","The similarity of the clinical and histopathological features between BPDCN and our case makes the diagnosis further challenging.","CD123, CD4, and CD56 are important markers for BPDCN diagnosis [1].","The immunoreactivity for CD45, CD117, CD68, CD123, CD4, and CD56 that is observed in our case can also be detected in BPDCN, leading to potential diagnostic pitfall.","both diseases are rare hematologic malignancies with heterogeneous clinical presentation and have a high frequency of cutaneous and bone marrow involvement, as well as lymph node and visceral organ involvement [1].","According to the WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues [1], the diagnosis of SM needs to fulfill the following either 1 major criterion and 1 minor criterion, or 3 minor criteria."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["methodology"],null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":4181479037,"citingcorpusid":229689390,"citedcorpusid":89431048,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In AML, leukemic stem cells or AML stem cells (AML-SCs), upon injection into immunodeficient mice, can self-replicate and produce leukemic blasts with the same phenotype as the original disease (Hanekamp et al., 2017).","Aberrant expression of markers such as C-type lectin-like molecule-1 (CLL-1 or CD371), CD45RA, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3), and lineage markers (CD2, CD5, CD7, CD19, CD22, CD25, CD56, CD11b), as well as bright expression of CD33, CD44 and CD123 can differentiate AML or MDS stem cells from normal HSCs (Chen et al., 2019b; Hanekamp et al., 2017; Kersten et al., 2016; Ostendorf et al., 2018; ToftPetersen et al., 2016; van Rhenen et al., 2007; Zeijlemaker et al., 2016).","Bone marrow diagnosis and subclassification was performed according to 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumor of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue (Swerdlow et al., 2017).","Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of clonal stem cell disorders characterized by peripheral blood (PB) cytopenia(s) secondary to inefficient hematopoiesis, morphologic dysplasia, and propensity to progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (Swerdlow et al., 2017).","While these morphologic features are well characterized (Swerdlow et al., 2017; Weinberg & Hasserjian, 2019), diagnosis can be challenging due to borderline changes leading to subjective","While these morphologic features are well characterized (Swerdlow et al., 2017; Weinberg & Hasserjian, 2019), diagnosis can be challenging due to borderline changes leading to subjective interpretation and interobserver variability (Font et al., 2015).","Several markers are used to differentiate AML-SCs from normal HSCs (Hanekamp et al., 2017; Kersten et al., 2016; van Rhenen et al., 2007; Zeijlemaker\net al., 2016), many of which are also expressed by MDS-SCs (Chen et al., 2019b; Ostendorf et al., 2018; Toft-Petersen et al., 2016).","Moreover, MDS-SCs are resistant to therapies such as lenalidomide or azacitidine and can cause relapsed disease or progression to MDS with excess blasts (MDS-EB) or AML in a subset of patients (Chen et al., 2019b; Tehranchi et al., 2010; Will et al., 2012).","Similar to previous studies of stem cells in AML and MDS (Hanekamp et al., 2017; Ostendorf et al., 2018; Zeijlemaker et al., 2016), we did not exclude lineage positive cells from stem cell gate, due to high frequency of aberrant expression of these markers in myeloid neoplasms.","AML-SCs demonstrate resistance to chemotherapy and may escape apoptosis, leading to self-renewal, proliferation and development of relapsed disease after chemotherapy.","ficient hematopoiesis, morphologic dysplasia, and propensity to progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (Swerdlow et al., 2017).","Recent advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of such mutations have improved our understanding of pathogenesis, and allowed for better prognostication and prediction of response to therapy (Lindsley, 2017; Swerdlow et al., 2017; Weinberg & Hasserjian, 2019)."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,null,null,null,["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3990557593,"citingcorpusid":254032617,"citedcorpusid":136664827,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These simulation results show good agreement with experiments and reference works [14,24,57].","Gurson model was later modified by Tvergaard [56], Tvergaard and Needleman [57], Needleman and Tvergaard [47], Leblond et al. [28], Reusch et al.[52], Nahshon and Hutchinson [46], Xue et al. [61], Besson [13], Benzerga [12], Li et al. [32] and Huespe et al. [24] to account for damage growth,\nwhere the yield criterion function has been extended by introducing newmaterial parameters to account for the nucleation and coalescence effects.","The modeling of this fracture phenomena under axisymmetric tension loading has a long history, as outlined for example in the works of Tvergaard and Needleman [57], Besson et al. [14], Huespe et al. [24] and Miehe et al. [40].","The crack phase\nfield d then propagates horizontally from the center outward along a zig-zag path as discussed by Tvergaard and Needleman [57], see Fig.","The modeling of this fracture phenomena under axisymmetric tension loading has a long history, as outlined for example in the works of Tvergaard and Needleman [57], Besson et al.","Gurson model was later modified by Tvergaard [56], Tvergaard and Needleman [57], Needleman and Tvergaard [47], Leblond et al.","A micro-mechanically based constitutive model for progressively cavitating plastic solids has been developed by Gurson [20] and subsequently modified by Tvergaard and Needleman [57], see also Tvergaard [56] and Nahshon and Hutchinson [46].","The crack phase field d then propagates horizontally from the center outward along a zig-zag path as discussed by Tvergaard and Needleman [57], see Fig."],"intents":[["result"],null,null,null,["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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(1995), in a PET study with the radiotracer N-[(11)C]methylspiperone ([(11)C]NMSP), found increased binding potential in the striatum in neuroleptic-naive and neuroleptic-free psychotic bipolar patients compared to non-psychotic ones and to normal controls.","Drevets et al. (1999) found reduced levels of 5-HT-1A receptors in mesiotemporal cortex, hippocampus, pregenual anterior cingulate, and lateral orbitocortex in depressed familial unipolar and bipolar patients, while Sargent et al.","Dolan et al. (1994) reported a functional deficit in medial prefrontal cortex in mood-disorder patients, which was related to neuropsychological dysfunction. George et al. (1997) found blunted left cingulate activation Figure 2.","Functional abnormalities in depressed patients in the anterior cingulate have been reported (Drevets et al., 1997 ; Mayberg, et al., 1994). Drevets et al. (1997) found decreased blood flow and glucose metabolism in the subgenual prefrontal cortex of familial unipolar and bipolar patients.","Decreased grey-matter volumes in left subgenual prefrontal cortex in familial unipolar mood-disorder and bipolar subjects were reported by Drevets et al. (1997) and Hirayasu et al. (1999). Nonetheless, two recent studies failed to identify abnormalities in grey-matter volume in subgenual prefrontal cortex in bipolar (Brambilla et al., 2002) and unipolar (Brambilla et al., 2002 ; Bremner et al., 2002) patients. Figure 1 illustrates the tracing of the subgenual prefrontal cortex on an MRI. Abnormalities in the subgenual prefrontal cortex were further confirmed in neuropathological studies, with findings of decreased glia without a corresponding loss in neuronal density or size (Ongur et al., 1998). Rakjowska et al. (2001) found reduced neuronal size and density, and reduced glial density in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in post-mortem brains of bipolar patients.","Dolan et al. (1994) reported a functional deficit in medial prefrontal cortex in mood-disorder patients, which was related to neuropsychological dysfunction.","Drevets et al. (1999) found reduced levels of 5-HT-1A receptors in mesiotemporal cortex, hippocampus, pregenual anterior cingulate, and lateral orbitocortex in depressed familial unipolar and bipolar patients, while Sargent et al. (2000) found reduced binding potential in frontal, temporal, and limbic cortex in SSRI-treated and unmedicated depressed unipolar individuals.","Decreased grey-matter volumes in left subgenual prefrontal cortex in familial unipolar mood-disorder and bipolar subjects were reported by Drevets et al. (1997) and Hirayasu et al. (1999). 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Abnormalities in the subgenual prefrontal cortex were further confirmed in neuropathological studies, with findings of decreased glia without a corresponding loss in neuronal density or size (Ongur et al., 1998). Rakjowska et al. (2001) found reduced neuronal size and density, and reduced glial density in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in post-mortem brains of bipolar patients. These findings are in line with functional imaging literature demonstrating decreased blood flow and metabolism in the DLPFC in mood-disorder subjects (Soares andMann, 1997b). Subsequently, Sassi et al. (2002) reported a significant reduction in greymatter volumes in left anterior cingulate in untreated bipolar disorder patients compared to healthy controls."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["result"]]}
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(2014).","This may reflect the influ ence of several non‐exclusive factors including the poor perfor mance of predictive models (Elith et al., 2010) or the existence of unrecognized adaption and plasticity in freshwater fishes (Crozier & Hutchings, 2014).","Although changes in water temperature and physical stressors are likely to have a strong influence on the response of fishes to climate change, some workers have suggested that the primary mechanism by which climate change will impact fish popula tion dynamics is through trophic interactions (Crozier & Hutchings, 2014).","Climate change and its impacts on freshwater fishes and fisheries have been discussed by fish biologists for almost four decades (Meisner et al., 1987; DeAngelis & Cushman, 1990; Magnuson et al., 1990; Meisner, 1990; Shuter & Post, 1990; Tonn, 1990; Maitland, 1991; McDowall, 1992; Meisner & Shuter, 1992; Shuter & Meisner, 1992; Hlohowskyj et al., 1996).","…et al., 2003; Eliason et al., 2011; Whitney et al., 2013)\n• Phenotypic shifts (Blanck & Lamouroux, 2007; Forster et al., 2012; Crozier & Hutchings, 2014) Community and ecosystem • Habitat degradation (Coutant, 1990; Magnuson et al., 1990, 1997; De Stasio et al., 1996; Lappalainen & Lehtonen,…","…fragmentation (Rahel et al., 1996; Hari et al., 2006; Comte & Grenouillet, 2013; Roberts et al., 2013)\nSpecies • Distributional shifts, colonisation, local extirpation and extinction (Johnson & Evans, 1990; Magnuson et al., 1990, 1997; Xenopoulos et al., 2005; Bystrom et al., 2007; Lassalle &…","Wide‐scale evidence for species‐level evolutionary adapta tion to climate change is still largely lacking (Merilä, 2012; Crozier & Hutchings, 2014).","This approach has proved to be popular with freshwater fish ecologists providing information on shifts in habitat suitability (Magnuson et al., 1990; Shuter & Meisner, 1992; Lappalainen & Lehtonen, 1997; Magnuson & Destasio, 1997) or across land scapes and regions (Meisner, 1990; Bond et al., 2011;…","…Schiedek et al., 2007; Noyes et al., 2009)\nPopulation • Modification of abiotic cues (Humphries et al., 1999; Ahas & Aasa, 2006; Shuter et al., 2012) • Habitat suitability (Coutant, 1990; Magnuson et al., 1990, 1997; De Stasio et al., 1996; Lappalainen & Lehtonen, 1997; Hilborn et al., 2003;…","Many fishes show considerable phenotypic plasticity\n(Robinson & Parsons, 2002; Crozier & Hutchings, 2014) and can show rapid evolution to new environments (Hendry, 2001; Witte et al., 2008; Elmer et al., 2010), but their relative capacity to withstand the major abiotic and biotic shifts predicted for the near future will clearly differ between lineages, and there will be winners and losers (Graham & Harrod, 2009; Somero, 2010) with obvious impacts on freshwater fisheries.",", 2003), but changes in stratification are likely to selectively impact those fishes that currently rely on access to well‐oxygenated hypolimnetic waters to act as a coldwater thermal refugia during summer periods such as the coldwater coregonids and salmonids that support fisheries in the northern hemisphere (Magnuson et al., 1990; Schindler et al., 1990; Shuter et al., 2012).","…that currently rely on access to well‐oxygenated hypolimnetic waters to act as a coldwater thermal refugia during summer periods such as the coldwater coregonids and salmonids that support fisheries in the northern hemisphere (Magnuson et al., 1990; Schindler et al., 1990; Shuter et al., 2012).","Fishery professionals can play central roles in such manage ment systems, but specialized inputs from other disciplines will become increasingly important including genetics (Reusch & Wood, 2007; Somero, 2010; Salinas & Munch, 2012; Crozier & Hutchings, 2014), climate modelling (Skeffington et al., 2010; Plagányi et al., 2011) and the social sciences (Welcomme, 2001).","…on freshwater fishes and fisheries have been discussed by fish biologists for almost four decades (Meisner et al., 1987; DeAngelis & Cushman, 1990; Magnuson et al., 1990; Meisner, 1990; Shuter & Post, 1990; Tonn, 1990; Maitland, 1991; McDowall, 1992; Meisner & Shuter, 1992; Shuter & Meisner,…","This approach has proved to be popular with freshwater fish ecologists providing information on shifts in habitat suitability (Magnuson et al., 1990; Shuter & Meisner, 1992; Lappalainen & Lehtonen, 1997; Magnuson & Destasio, 1997) or across land­ scapes and regions (Meisner, 1990; Bond et al.","The effects of climate change have probably been acting for several decades and, like other overlooked sources of ecosystem degradation (Hermoso & Clavero, 2013), have probably affected our understanding of ‘baseline’ condi tions in freshwater ecosystems (Nõges et al., 2007; Logez & Pont, 2013) and of fundamental life history traits in freshwater fishes (Crozier & Hutchings, 2014).","Much of the focus on climate change is how increases in upper temperatures will affect fisheries, but fisheries professionals work ing in areas where lower temperatures are currently sufficient to cause mortality (Griffiths & Kirkwood, 1995; Sogard, 1997; Lappalainen et al., 2000) may see a relaxation of this selective pressure, with increased numbers of smaller, low‐condition\nTable 7.3.3 Examples of potential and observed impacts of climate change on freshwater fishes and fisheries at a range of levels of biological organization\nLevel of organization Issue\nSub‐organismal/individual • Epigenetic effects (Salinas & Munch, 2012) • Heat shock, hypoxia, UV and other stresses (Parsons, 1990; McCarthy & Houlihan, 1997; Iwama, 1998; Lund et al., 2002; Bancroft et al., 2007; Häder et al., 2007; Somero, 2010; Tomanek, 2010)\n• Phenotypic capacity (Pörtner & Peck, 2010; Somero, 2010) • Physiology (Gillooly et al., 2001; Pörtner & Farrell, 2008; Pankhurst & Munday, 2011; Ohlberger, 2013) • Growth rate and body size (Sandström et al., 1995; Daufresne et al., 2009; Reyjol et al., 2009; Sheridan & Bickford, 2011; Ohlberger, 2013) • Developmental time (Rombough, 1997; Gillooly et al., 2002; Mooij et al., 2008; Bryant, 2009; Pankhurst & Munday, 2011) • Metabolic rate and energetic requirements for growth and reproduction (Fry, 1971; Shuter & Post, 1990; Clarke & Johnston, 1999; Gillooly et al., 2001; Hölker, 2003) • Maturation, sex determination, reproductive investment and behaviour (Vlaming, 1972; Hokanson, 1977; Gillet et al., 1995; Sandström et al., 1997; Jager et al., 1999; Gillet & Quétin, 2006; Reyjol et al., 2009; Strüssmann et al., 2010; Pankhurst & Munday, 2011) • Prey availability, foraging capacity and diet (Adams et al., 1982; Persson, 1986, 1990; Huusko et al., 1996; Taniguchi et al., 1998; Humphries et al., 1999; Durant et al., 2007; Anneville et al., 2009; Hayden et al., 2013a, b) • Migration (Cooke et al., 2004; Daufresne & Boët, 2007; Bryant, 2009) • Mortality (Casselman & Harvey, 1975; Griffiths & Kirkwood, 1995; Lappalainen et al., 2000; Petersen & Kitchell, 2001; Charnov & Gillooly, 2004; Griffiths & Harrod, 2007) • Predation risk (Adams et al., 1982; Bystrom et al., 2007) • Immune response, disease and parasitism (Snieszko, 1974; Chubb, 1976; Marcogliese, 2001; Croisetière et al., 2010; Macnab & Barber, 2012) • Susceptibility to angling‐associated stress (Huntingford et al., 2006; Gale et al., 2013) • Exposure to stressors and uptake of contaminants (Bullock & Coutts, 1985; Coutant, 1985; Schindler et al., 1996; Reid et al., 1997; Zagarese & Williamson, 2001; Wrona et al., 2006a; Reist et al., 2006b; Häder et al., 2007; Schiedek et al., 2007; Noyes et al., 2009)\nPopulation • Modification of abiotic cues (Humphries et al., 1999; Ahas & Aasa, 2006; Shuter et al., 2012) • Habitat suitability (Coutant, 1990; Magnuson et al., 1990, 1997; De Stasio et al., 1996; Lappalainen & Lehtonen, 1997; Hilborn et al., 2003; Mohseni et al., 2003; Fang et al., 2004a, b, c; Lyons et al., 2010; Elliott & Bell, 2011)\n• Phenotypic shifts (Jensen et al., 2008; Hering et al., 2010; Strüssmann et al., 2010; Gregersen et al., 2011; Forster et al., 2012; Crozier & Hutchings, 2014) • Phenology, e.g. of migration, spawning and hatching (Cooke et al., 2004; Juanes et al., 2004; Ahas & Aasa, 2006; Mooij et al., 2008; Bryant, 2009; Wedekind & Kung, 2010; Shuter et al., 2012; Warren et al., 2012) • Life history characteristics (Heibo et al., 2005; Jensen et al., 2008; Lappalainen et al., 2008) • Prey availability and foraging capacity (Persson, 1986, 1990; Huusko et al., 1996; Humphries et al., 1999; Durant et al., 2007; Anneville et al., 2009; Dell et al., 2013; Hayden et al., 2013a, b) • Size and age structure (Gillet et al., 1995; Jeppesen et al., 2012; Ohlberger, 2013) • Sex ratio (Craig et al., 1996; Davey & Jellyman, 2005; Ospina‐Álvarez & Piferrer, 2008; Baroiller et al., 2009; Strüssmann et al., 2010; Wedekind et al., 2013) • Recruitment, population dynamics and potential fishery yield (Lehtonen & Lappalainen, 1995; Lappalainen et al., 1997; Grenouillet et al., 2001; Casselman, 2002; Isaak & Hubert, 2004; Reist et al., 2006b; Lehtonen et al., 2009; Pörtner & Peck, 2010; Jeppesen et al., 2012) • Evolution and loss of local adaptation (Merilä, 2012; Crozier & Hutchings, 2014), e.g. thermal tolerance (Wohlschlag, 1957; Hubbs, 1964; Holt, 1990; Carvalho, 1993; Jensen et al., 2008; Willis & Bhagwat, 2009; Pörtner & Peck, 2010; Eliason et al., 2011; McBryan et al., 2013; Whitney et al., 2013) • Distributional shifts and population fragmentation (Rahel et al., 1996; Hari et al., 2006; Comte & Grenouillet, 2013; Roberts et al., 2013)\nSpecies • Distributional shifts, colonisation, local extirpation and extinction (Johnson & Evans, 1990; Magnuson et al., 1990, 1997; Xenopoulos et al., 2005; Bystrom et al., 2007; Lassalle & Rochard, 2009; Lyons et al., 2010; Booth et al., 2011; Wenger et al., 2011a, b; Isaak et al., 2012b; Comte & Grenouillet, 2013; Comte et al., 2013; Moyle et al., 2013; Tedesco et al., 2013)\n• Intraspecific interactions, e.g. selection of particular genotypes (Holt, 1990; Carvalho, 1993; Hutchinson et al., 2003; Eliason et al., 2011; Whitney et al., 2013)\n• Phenotypic shifts (Blanck & Lamouroux, 2007; Forster et al., 2012; Crozier & Hutchings, 2014) Community and ecosystem • Habitat degradation (Coutant, 1990; Magnuson et al., 1990, 1997; De Stasio et al., 1996; Lappalainen & Lehtonen, 1997;\nMohseni et al., 2003; Fang et al., 2004a, b, c; Lyons et al., 2010; Elliott & Bell, 2011; Pratchett et al., 2011) • Interspecific interactions (De Stasio et al., 1996; Jeppesen et al., 2010a; Blois et al., 2013; Dell et al., 2013; Hayden et al., 2013a) • Stenothermal specialist/eurythermal generalist ratio (Daufresne & Boët, 2007; 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and a recent study has shown that adherence to ART could be improved even among HIV infected traditional healthcare practitioners [76].","For example, a report from a 2011 study performed with samples collected between 2005–2007 among newly infected 2  year olds in Johannesburg who had been exposed to maternal or infant ART, suggests that of those who get infected, as high as 57% harbour viruses resistant to NNRTI, 15% to NRTI and 1.5% to PIs [24].","I t i\ns th\ner ef\nor e\nre co\nm -\nm en\nde d\nth at\np at\nie nt\ns’ us\ne of\nT C\nA M\nb e\nco ns\nid er\ned in\nA RV\na dh\ner en\nce m\nan ag em en t\n[9 2]\nTh e\ncu ltu\nra l a\nnd c\nom m\nun ity\n-le ve\nl a cc\nep ta\nnc e\nof a\nnt ire\ntr ov\nira l t\nhe ra\npy a\nm on g tr ad iti on al h ea le rs in E as te rn C ap e, S ou th A fri ca\nEa st\ner n\nCa pe\nCu ltu\nra l c\non si\nst en\nci es\nb et\nw ee\nn tr\nad iti\non al\na nd\nb io\nm ed\nic al\nm ed\nic in\ne m\nay\nst re\nng th\nen H\nIV /A\nID S\ntr ea\ntm en\nt p ro\ngr am\ns to\np ro\nvi de\nA RT\nin re\nso ur\nce -p\noo r\nse tt\nin gs\n[9 2]\nthe leaf of Moringa oleifera Lam., has been shown to inhibit cytochrome p450 3A4, 1A2 and 2D6 activity invitro, but its intake did not alter the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in a one-sequence cross over study of HIV patients on ART [77].","As a result of these assumptions, patients are not assessed for the following prior to treatment initiation: exposure to ARV using objective indicators such as ARV in plasma or hair, harbouring of resistant viruses, optimal pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics parameters, and concomitant use of traditional, complementary and alternative medicines (TCAM) with a view to achieve optimal outcomes from ART.","At ART initiation, a CD4+ T-cell count is done, then followed-up at six months, and thereafter annually.","We extracted 20 studies relevant to the association between the use of TCAM and ART outcomes in South Africa (Table  4).","Tanser F, Bärnighausen T, Grapsa E, Zaidi J, Newell ML. 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{"citationid":3659134854,"citingcorpusid":213680857,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Analogously to the reproduction in biological systems, the transmission of cultural elements, namely memes, can account for the evolution of a new management novelty (adapted from Dawkins, 1976).","We draw on the understanding of a meme as a cultural element with the ability to replicate, similar to the biological replication of a gene, and the ability to pass from one human being to another (Dawkins, 1976; Lord, 2012).","A framework resonates articulated meaning derived from its memes (Dawkins, 1976).","Memes are transmitted through biological, physiological, and social ways (Whitty, 2005); however, a human influence is necessary for the transmission of memes (Dawkins, 1976).","However, what facilitates the replication of ideas, thoughts, and culture in that particular realm, are unique characteristics of memes, namely copying-fidelity, fecundity, and longevity (Dawkins, 1976).","Among the memes in a meme pool those with “psychological appeal” are more successful in remaining alive and become contagious (Dawkins, 1976).","Dawkins (1976), for instance, suggested that “a rough measure of its [meme] survival value could be obtained by counting the number of times it is referred to in successive years in scientific journals” (Dawkins, 1976).","The conceptualization of a meme stems from the analogy with genes in biological systems and draws on the concept of replication (Dawkins, 1976)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":826796480,"citingcorpusid":53591390,"citedcorpusid":144593138,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The third narrative present in U.S. social studies curricula is the narrative of the colonial savior (Calderon, 2014b; Stanton, 2014).","However, to believe in the notion of American exceptionalism, one must believe only colonizers contributed to the development of the U.S. (Calderon, 2014a).","Therefore, it is essential to make conscious how entrenched and ongoing the process of settler colonialism is within the context of education (Calderon, 2014a; Calderon, 2014b; Tuck & Gaztambide-Fernández, 2013).","I focus specifically on K12 education because the curricula represent one such structure that maintains, reinforces, and replicates settler colonial ideology (Calderon, 2014b; Leonardo & Singh, 2017).","This ideological justification is introduced and maintained through the social studies curricula, most commonly through the narrative of manifest destiny and westward expansion (Calderon, 2014b; Tuck & Gaztambide-Fernández, 2013).","However, what the curricula do not address is the use of manifest destiny as justification to destroy Indigenous communities (Calderon, 2014a).","…defined and limited who could be considered exceptional, it is not surprising social studies curricula treat exceptionality as a product of colonialism, while ignoring how advanced Indigenous communities were when colonialism in the US began (Calderon, 2014a; Tuck & Gaztambide-Fernández, 2013).","Settler colonial was not just about expanding colonial rule, but also the expansion of Whiteness (Calderon, 2014b; Tuck & Gaztambide-Fernández, 2013).","To maintain the narrative of the colonial savior, which is essential for the ongoing justification of settler colonialism, the curricula often presents Indigenous people as savages, as unable to live peacefully, as incapable of functioning in settler society (Calderon, 2014b; Stanton, 2014).","(p. 50)\nThe notions of meritocracy and success are linked to both Whiteness and settler colonialism (Calderon, 2014a).","…making conscious the role of settler colonialism in education is recognizing how everyone is implicated in settler colonial practices, even if they are unaware of this implication because of how normalized settler colonial ideologies seem in educational spaces (Calderon, 2014b; Tuck & Yang, 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4260970449,"citingcorpusid":159399318,"citedcorpusid":17884351,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…of monetary policies (and bank regulation, cf. Section 6.3) in a framework characterized by financial fragility (e.g. Delli Gatti et al., 2005a; Dosi et al., 2013, 2015; Caiani et al., 2015), bankruptcy cascades (e.g. Delli Gatti et al., 2010; Battiston et al., 2012), deleveraging dynamics…","The K+S model is employed by Dosi et al. (2015) to study the impact of a “conservative” Taylor rule focused only on inflation vis-à-vis a dual mandate one, which aim also at stabilizing the unemployment rate.","…Dosi et al. (2013) find a strong interaction between income distribution and fiscal policies: the more income distribution is skewed toward profits, the greater the case for fiscal policies to dampen macroeconomic fragility.25\nDifferent fiscal austerity policies are studied in Dosi et al. (2015).","Moreover, the negative effects of fiscal policies are magnified by higher lever of income inequality (Dosi et al., 2015).","This and the following subsections heavily draw from Pyka and Fagiolo (2007) and Fagiolo et al. (2007b). For further details see, among others, Dosi and Egidi (1991), Dosi et al."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2811565429,"citingcorpusid":7600860,"citedcorpusid":30806876,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Møller (1997) noted that the observed correlations between FA and fitness might be indirect.","…lifetime fitness in populations of wild house mice, and our discovery that massive fitness declines associated with inbreeding are not correlated with FA rejects the proposition that inbreeding should cause a decline in developmental stability that will be reflected in increased FA (Møller 1997).","Møller (1997) used metaanalysis techniques on a number of studies that suggested FA is negatively correlated with fitness, although these data and the analysis were criticized from several standpoints (see Clarke 1998)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1606669673,"citingcorpusid":132257082,"citedcorpusid":23033061,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Las subunidades de los\nRepositorio Institucional Digital de Acceso Abierto, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes\nnAChRs están entre las primeras proteínas de membrana en aparecer durante el desarrollo del SNC y se han sugerido roles importantes en la comunicación celular para estos receptores durante la migración y diferenciación de células precursoras neurales in vitro e in vivo [252- 254].","El bFGF es ampliamente conocido por sus efectos pleiotrópicos sobre los progenitores neurales, produciendo efectos neurogénicos, proliferativos y especificadores en las células madre del SNC adulto [307-309].","B. Áreas neurogénicas del SNC: el GD del hipocampo y la ZSV del ventrículo lateral.","Por último, la acetilcolina (ACh) produce sus efectos en el SNC a través de dos subtipos de receptores: muscarínicos (mAChRs) y nicotínicos (nAChRs).","4.1.3 NEUROTRANSMISORES\nRepositorio Institucional Digital de Acceso Abierto, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes\nGABA (ácido gamma-aminobutírico), el principal neurotransmisor inhibitorio en el SNC maduro, tiene un rol bien establecido en la regulación de la integración funcional de nuevas neuronas en redes inmaduras y maduras, tanto en el embrión como en el adulto [236,237].","4.6 Las células tipo neuronal expresan genes glutamatérgicos y gabaérgicos\nDiversas moléculas, como los neurotransmisores, han sido implicadas en la regulación extrínseca de la proliferación celular y la diferenciación neuronal en el SNC. Por esta razón, decidimos estudiar los receptores de neurotransmisores específicos que son expresados en los diferentes estadios de diferenciación de la neurogénesis adulta, tales como el receptor colinérgico muscarínico 1 (M1), la subunidad α1del receptor GABAA (GABRA1), la subunidad 1 y 2 del receptor GABAB (GABAbR1, GABAbR2), la subunidad δ del receptor GABAA (GABRD), el co-transportador NKCC1 y el co-transportador KCC2, el subtipo 5 del receptor\nRepositorio Institucional Digital de Acceso Abierto, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes\nglutamatérgico tipo kainato (GluK5), el receptor de glutamato metabotrópico 5 (mGluR5) y el receptor de NMDA 1 (NR1) en hASCs, antes y luego del protocolo de inducción neuronal.","Glutamato es el neurotransmisor más prominente del SNC y su acción es llevada a cabo a través de los receptores ionotrópicos (NMDA, AMPA y kainato) y metabotrópicos.","PLA: Lipoaspirado Procesado\nPSA-NCAM: Molécula de adhesión celular neural poli-sialidada\nPtc: Patched\nPVDF: Difluoruro de polivinilideno\nRA: Ácido retinoico\nRMS: Cadena rostro migratoria\nRQ-TRAP: Protocolo de Amplificación de Repeticiones Teloméricas Cuantitativa en Tiempo Real\nSDS-PAGE: Electroforesis en gel reductor de SDS/poliacrilamida\nSFB: Suero fetal bovino\nShh: Sonic Hedgehog\nSmo: Smoothened\nSNC: Sistema Nervioso Central\nSVF: Fracción Estromal Vascular\nTbr: T-box brain\nTCF/LEF/Sox: T cell factor/ lymphoid enhancer factor/Sox\nTEMED: Tetrametiletilendiamina\nTGF-β1: Factor de crecimiento transformante β1\nTm: Temperatura de fusión\nTTBS: Tris Buffer Salino con Tween 20\nVEGF: Factor de CrecimientoEndotelial Vascular\nWnt: Wingless/Int\nZSG: Zona subgranular\nZSV: Zona subventricular\nRepositorio Institucional Digital de Acceso Abierto, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes\nAGRADECIMIENTOS\n A mi marido Guillermo, mi compañero de la vida, quien me dio y me da fuerzas para\nalcanzar mis objetivos.","Diversos trabajos recientes sugieren que las células madre adultas de tejido adiposo podrían ser una alternativa adecuada para las estrategias de reemplazo celular en el tratamiento de los desórdenes del SNC [83,292-295].","Otro neurotransmisor, glutamato, es el más prominente en el SNC de mamíferos y lleva a cabo su acción a través de receptores ionotrópicos N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA), ácido αamino-3-hidroxi-5-metil-4-isoxazolpropiónico (AMPA) y kainato, y metabotrópicos mGluR.","Durante el desarrollo del SNC, la expresión de Pax6 comienza temprano en las células neuroepiteliales en proliferación, y luego se expresa en las células progenitoras neurales de la zona ventricular [220].","Diversas moléculas extracelulares, como son los neurotransmisores, han sido implicadas en la regulación de la proliferación celular y la diferenciación neuronal en el SNC. La acetilcolina produce su efecto sobre el SNC a través de receptores muscarínicos y nicotínicos, y se han sugerido roles importantes en la comunicación celular para estos receptores durante la migración y diferenciación de células precursoras neurales in vivo e in vitro.","Las NSCs son definidas como células que poseen la capacidad de autorrenovarse y de generar los tres principales tipos celulares en el sistema nervioso central (SNC): neuronas, astrocitos y oligodendrocitos (Figura 20A) [190-192].","Por otra parte, se ha demostrado que el bFGF tiene la capacidad de activar un programa neurogénico latente en progenitores multipotentes del SNC [311].","Pax6 es un miembro de la familia Pax y es crucial para el desarrollo del SNC, ojo y páncreas [213-215].","El RA es conocido como la forma activa de la vitamina A y se ha demostrado que tiene un rol importante durante la embriogénesis, influenciando en el desarrollo neural en los primeros estadios del desarrollo del SNC [316]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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ACO (P:3, H:4); DE (P:0, H:1); GA (P:4, H:11); GRASP (P:0, H:1); ILS (P:2, H:0); Keshteli (P:0, H:1); LNS (P:2, H:4); MOEA (P:2, H:0); MOEA/D (P:1, H:0); MOGA-II (P:1, H:1); MOPSO (P:2, H:4); MOSA (P:1, H:0); MOTS/D (P:1, H:0); MOVNS (P:0, H:1); NSGA-II (P:8, H:2); NRGA (P:1, H:0); PSO (P:0, H:6); RDA (P:1, H:0); SA (P:3, H:5); SPEA-II (P:2, H:0); TS (P:2, H:8); VND (P:0, H:2); VNS (P:1, H:6) ABC (P:0, H:1); EMA (P:0, H:1); GA (P:0, H:4); GrEA (P:0, H:1); IBEA (P:0, H:1); LNS (P:0, H:1); MOACO (P:1, H:0); MOEA (P:2, H:1); MOHH/D (P:1, H:0); MOPSO (P:1, H:2); MOSA (P:1, H:0); NSGA-II (P:2, H:2); NSGA-III (P:0, H:1); NSLS (P:0, H:1); PSO (P:0, H:3); SPEA-II (P:0, H:1); VNS (P:0, H:4) LAP AIS (P:1, H:0); DE (P:0, H:1); GA (P:5, H:3); HS (P:0, H:1); LNS (P:0, H:1); MA (P:1, H:0); MOEA (P:1, H:0); MOEA/D (P:1, H:0); MOGA-II (P:0, H:1); MOPSO (P:1, H:2); MOSA (P:1, H:0); MOVNS (P:0, H:1); NSGA-II (P:3, H:0); PSO (P:1, H:2); SA (P:0, H:2); SEAMO2 (P:0, H:1); SPEA-II (P:1, H:0); TS (P:0, H:1); 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Abdi et al. 2019), and cross-entropy (Fahimnia, Davarzani, and Eshragh 2018).","…and Alinezhad 2020; Pourhejazy, Kwon, and Lim 2019; Asadi et al. 2018), production-inventoryrouting problem (PIRP) (Chan et al. 2020), SCND and routing (Govindan, Jafarian, and Nourbakhsh 2019; Maiyar and Thakkar 2019a), and production planning and routing (Abdi et al. 2019; Kumar et al. 2016b).","To build hybrid singleobjective meta-heuristics, GA has been combined with PSO (Biuki, Kazemi, and Alinezhad 2020; Abdi et al. 2019), ACO (Tan et al.","…(ICA) (Nia, Far, and Niaki 2015), variable neighbourhood descent (VND) (Erdem and Koç 2019), and other algorithms such as Keshteli algorithm (Abdi et al. 2019), hill-climbing algorithm (Qin et al. 2019), and so forth (Wang et al. 2019b; Noh and Kim 2019; Zhang et al. 2018a; Zhang et al.…","2020), SCND and routing (Govindan, Jafarian, and Nourbakhsh 2019; Maiyar and Thakkar 2019a), and production planning and routing (Abdi et al. 2019; Kumar et al. 2016b).","IM Cross-Entropy (P:1, H:0); GA (P:2, H:3); GRASP (P:0, H:1); HS (P:0, H:1); ICA (P:0, H:1); MOEA (P:2, H:0); MOPSO (P:1, H:0); NSGA-II (P:1, H:0); PSO (P:0, H:1); SA (P:2, H:1); TS (P:0, H:1); VNS (P:0, H:1) GA (P:0, H:2); MOPSO (P:0, H:1); PSO (P:0, H:2) PPP Cross-Entropy (P:1, H:0); GA (P:3, H:5); Keshteli (P:0, H:1); MOGA (P:1, H:0); MOPSO (P:0, H:1); MOTS/D (P:1, H:0); NSGA-II (P:1, H:0); PSO (P:1, H:1); RDA (P:1, H:0); SA (P:2, H:0); TS (P:0, H:1) MOACO (P:1, H:0); MOPSO (P:1, H:1); NSGA-II (P:1, H:0) TP AIS (P:1, H:0); Cross-Entropy (P:1, H:0); DE (P:0, H:1); FA (P:0, H:1); GA (P:7, H:2); MA (P:1, H:0); MOMA (P:1, H:0); NSGA-II (P:1, H:1); PSO (P:1, H:1); SA (P:1, H:0) DE (P:0, H:1); PSO (P:0, H:1) PSP AIS (P:0, H:1); GA (P:2, H:1); MOICA (P:1, H:0); MOGA (P:1, H:0); PSO (P:2, H:0) PSO (P:0, H:1); NSGA-II (P:0, H:1)\nTo discuss the status of meta-heuristics in the SSCM literature from another perspective, the trend of pure and hybrid meta-heuristics over the years is illustrated in Figure 11.","Other algorithms that are used only once are artificial bee colony (ABC) (Chu et al. 2019), variable neighbourhood search (VNS) (Corberán et al. 2018), harmony search (HS)\n(Eskandari-Khanghahi et al. 2018), differential evolution (DE) (Wang, Zhang, and Zhu 2017b), artificial immune systems (AIS) (Barzinpour and Taki 2018), red deer algorithm (RDA) (Fathollahi-Fard, Hajiaghaei-Keshteli, and Tavakkoli-Moghaddam 2020; 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(1985), the actors present in the normal mode problem are the eddy perturbation QPV, 4, at the ground and tropopause and their associated circulations that advect the nonzero Q,, present along the two surfaces.","With the advent of the theory of baroclinic instability (Charney, 1947; Eady, 1949), theoretical efforts focussed on unstable modes of midlatitude flows.","The basic state QPV gradients, Q,, of generalized Eady basic states are concentrated at the tropopause and ground, where the temperature gradient is equivalent to a thin sheet of infinite Q, (Bretherton, 1966). Hence the perturbation QPV, 4, is also concentrated at the ground and tropopause [remember (2.29)]. In the potential vorticity perspective put forward in Hoskins et al. (1985), the actors present in the normal mode problem are the eddy perturbation QPV, 4, at the ground and tropopause and their associated circulations that advect the nonzero Q,, present along the two surfaces. Since the original work of Eady (1949), the Eady problem has become a standard model of baroclinic instability (Pedlosky, 1979; Gill, 1982). Its basic state is a special case of those examined here: the stratospheric stability is infinite, and the shear and density are constant. In the limit of vanishing horizontal scales the two boundary QPV perturbations are independent and the normal mode solutions consist of two edge waves, one at each boundary. At large enough horizontal scales the normal mode wave grows or decays exponentially with time because of the interaction and locking of the two QPV perturbations. Since 1949, different authors have investigated changes in the Eady normal mode characteristics introduced by a number of physical effects. Eady (1949) himself discussed the effects of a flexible tropopause and of a density decaying with height, while Williams (1974) looked at Eady basic states with heightvarying shear and stability.","We develop an analytical model of waves on generalized Eady basic states that have uniform tropospheric and stratospheric potential vorticity, but allow for the decay of density with height. The Eady basic state represents the limiting case of infinite stratospheric stability and constant density. We find that the Eady normal mode characteristics hold in the presence of realistic tropopause and stratosphere. In particular, the basic states studied support at the synoptic scale upper-level normal modes. These modes provide simple models for the dynamics of upper-level synoptic-scale waves, as waves supported by the large latitudinal gradients of potential vorticity at the tropopause. In the presence of infinitesimal positive tropospheric gradients of potential vorticity, the upperlevel normal mode solutions no longer exist, as was demonstrated in Green (1960). Disappearance of the normal mode solution when a parameter changes slightly represents a dilemma that we seek to understand. We examine what happens to the upper-level normal modes in the presence of tropospheric gradients of potential vorticity in a series of initial-value experiments. Our results show that the normal modes become slowly decaying quasi-modes. Mathematically the quasimodes consist of a superposition of singular modes sharply peaked in the phase speed domain, and their decay proceeds as the modes interfere with one another. We repeat these experiments in basic states with a smooth tropopause in the presence of tropospheric and stratospheric gradients, and similar results are obtained. Basic states with positive tropospheric and stratospheric gradients of potential vorticity are found to support upper-level synoptic-scale waves for time scales consistent with observations. Following Farrell (1989), we then identify a class of near optimal initial conditions for the excitation of upper-level waves.","The basic state QPV gradients, Q,, of generalized Eady basic states are concentrated at the tropopause and ground, where the temperature gradient is equivalent to a thin sheet of infinite Q, (Bretherton, 1966). Hence the perturbation QPV, 4, is also concentrated at the ground and tropopause [remember (2.29)]. In the potential vorticity perspective put forward in Hoskins et al. (1985), the actors present in the normal mode problem are the eddy perturbation QPV, 4, at the ground and tropopause and their associated circulations that advect the nonzero Q,, present along the two surfaces. Since the original work of Eady (1949), the Eady problem has become a standard model of baroclinic instability (Pedlosky, 1979; Gill, 1982).","Farrell (1984) showed that substantial growth can occur above the short-wave cutoff of the Eady basic state, when an upper-level disturbance is located upshear of a low-level one. More recently Rotunno and Fantini (1989) demonstrated that the interference between two neutral Eady waves above the short-wave cutoff can lead to a development similar to \"type B\".","Chapter 3 contains a discussion of waves on generalized Eady basic states, with an emphasis on upper-level neutral wave solutions. In chapter 4 we explain what happens to upper-level synoptic-scale waves in the presence of positive tropospheric gradients of potential vorticity, thus resolving a dilemma noticed by Green (1960). We study in chapter 5 upper-level wave solutions on basic state flows with a smooth tropopause and a stratosphere, and we also examine their excitation from a class of near optimal initial conditions.","We develop an analytical model of waves on generalized Eady basic states that have uniform tropospheric and stratospheric potential vorticity, but allow for the decay of density with height. The Eady basic state represents the limiting case of infinite stratospheric stability and constant density. We find that the Eady normal mode characteristics hold in the presence of realistic tropopause and stratosphere. In particular, the basic states studied support at the synoptic scale upper-level normal modes. These modes provide simple models for the dynamics of upper-level synoptic-scale waves, as waves supported by the large latitudinal gradients of potential vorticity at the tropopause. In the presence of infinitesimal positive tropospheric gradients of potential vorticity, the upperlevel normal mode solutions no longer exist, as was demonstrated in Green (1960). Disappearance of the normal mode solution when a parameter changes slightly represents a dilemma that we seek to understand.","As will be shown in chapter 3, the rigid lid that seems unrealistic in the Eady basic state corresponds to the limit of infinite stratospheric stability, and upper-level wave solutions still exist in the presence of realistic tropopause and stratosphere. The upper-level waves are then tied dynamically to the large potential vorticity gradients present at the tropopause in the jet region (remember figure 1.4). Figure 1.5 displays the zonal-vertical cross section of an upper-level neutral Eady wave solution at the synoptic scale. Note the maximum amplitude at the upper lid, the cold troughs and warm ridges, and the upward (downward) motion taking place downstream (upstream) of troughs. There is a clear resemblance between the tropospheric fields depicted in figure 1.5 and those shown in figures 1.2 and 1.3. Some answers to the question of the genesis of upper-level waves can be found in the theories mentioned earlier. Upper-level growth occurs after lowlevel equilibration in the life cycle experiments. This result is in line with recent studies of baroclinic instability, which show that basic state flows with baroclinicity concentrated in the upper troposphere lead to upper-level unstable modes (Snyder and Lindzen, 1988; Whitaker and Barcilon, 1990). In this thesis we take the initial-value approach that allows consideration of nonmodal perturbations. Following Farrell (1989), we identify a class of near optimal initial conditions for the excitation of upper-level waves.","Farrell (1984) showed that substantial growth can occur above the short-wave cutoff of the Eady basic state, when an upper-level disturbance is located upshear of a low-level one."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
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(2013) were incorporated into the design of lessons for this intervention.","The potential for a compassion-based intervention to improve the psychosocial wellbeing of participants has led researchers to suggest it could be a helpful targeted intervention for youth who are considered at-risk (Ozawa-de Silva & Dodson-Lavelle, 2011; Reddy et al., 2013).","All of these interventions are designed to be secular in nature (Gilbert, 2014; Jazaieri et al., 2014; Kemeny et al., 2012; Neff & Germer, 2013; Reddy et al., 2013) and the benefits of compassion-based interventions are grounded in scientific research (Chierchia & Singer, 2016; Cosley et al.","All of these interventions are designed to be secular in nature (Gilbert, 2014; Jazaieri et al., 2014; Kemeny et al., 2012; Neff & Germer, 2013; Reddy et al., 2013) and the benefits of compassion-based interventions are grounded in scientific research (Chierchia & Singer, 2016; Cosley et al., 2010;…","However, practice frequency during the program was correlated with increases in hopefulness and a trend toward decreased anxiety (Reddy et al., 2013), as well as reductions in\nphysiological markers of chronic stress (Pace et al., 2013).","Contemporary compassion-based interventions guide participants through activities to practice mindfulness (Gilbert, 2014; Jazaieri et al., 2014; Neff & Germer, 2013; Reddy et al., 2013).","According to a review paper by Kirby (2016), there has only been one empirical study examining a compassion-based intervention with adolescents, which was reported on in two papers (Pace et al., 2013; Reddy et al., 2013).","cognitively-based compassion training for adolescents can affect participants’ physiological responses to stress and psychosocial wellbeing (Pace et al., 2013; Reddy et al., 2013).","For instance, researchers examining cognitively-based compassion training for adolescents piloted a program for foster youth in the fall of 2008 (Ozawa-de Silva & Dodson-Lavelle, 2011; Reddy et al., 2013).","Moreover, there is preliminary evidence that compassion-based interventions for youth can help promote mental health (Bluth et al., 2016; Reddy et al., 2013) and that practice frequency may correlate with improved physiological reactions to stress (Pace et al., 2013).","In line with recommendations put forth by Reddy et al. 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time of the main deposition(5)\n95Zr 103Ru 106Ru 131I 132Te 134Cs 140Ba\nAlbaniaa 7.2 0.1 2.5 0.6 3.8 7 0.5 1.5 Austria 18.7(24) — 1.3 0.46(24) 5 4.8 0.57(24) — Belarus, Brest Oblast(23) 18.2(55) 0.5–0.8 2.2–2.8 0.7–0.9 19–23 7.6–12 0.5 1.5–2.1 Belarus, Vitebsk Oblast(23) 1.1(55) 0.2 1.8 0.4 24 4.8 0.5 0.8 Belarus, Gomel Oblast(23) 154(55) 0.17–4 1.6–3.7 0.42–1 8.3–21 4.2–11 0.5 0.76–7.6 Belarus, Grodno Oblast(23) 8(55) 0.5 2.8 0.7 23 12 0.5 1.5 Belarus, Minsk Oblast(23) 5.8(55) 0.5 2.8 0.7 23 12 0.5 1.5 Belarus, Minsk-City(23) 6.2(55) 0.3 1.5 0.45 14 2.8 0.5 1 Belarus, Mogilev Oblast(23) 61(55) 0.17–4 1.6–2.4 0.3–0.9 8.3–21 4.2–11 0.5 0.76–7.6 Belgium 0.3 — 1.7 0.5 6.2 4 0.55 1.6 Bosnia and Herzegovina 6.4 — 1.4 0.3 5.9 7.2 0.4 0.7 Bulgaria(56) 7 0.14 1.4 0.36 1.7 4 0.5 1.6 Croatia(31) 3.7 0.14 2.6 1 3.3 6.1 0.4 0.7 Cyprus 0.6(5) — — — 3.3 — 0.55 — Czech Republic(57) 4.7 — 1.9 0.3 13.8 5.1 0.5 1.0 Denmark 0.36 — 1.5 0.5 4.7 4.3 0.55 — Estoniab 2(19) 1.1 2.2 0.5 4.2 5.9 0.6 0.7 Finlandc (58) 12.2 1.7 2.2 0.5 4.2 5.9 0.6 0.7 France 0.7 — 1.4 0.3 7.3 4.8 0.55 — Germany 2.8 — 1.5 0.3 5.8 6.8 0.55 — Greece(38) 5.2(38) 0.1 2.5 0.6 3.8 7 0.5 1.5 Hungary 1.9 — 2.5 0.6 6.2 6.7 0.55 — Iceland 0.3 — — — — — 0.55 — Ireland 3.1 — 1.5 0.4 3.1 3.4 0.55 0.8 Italy 2.1 — 2 0.55 4 7.8 0.55 — Latviad 0.85 0.2 1.8 0.4 24 4.8 0.5 1.5 Liechtensteine 11.8(26) — 1.3 0.46 5 4.8 0.57 — Lithuania(59) 3.7 0.4 1.5 — 23 12 0.55 0.72 Luxembourg 1.2 — 1.7 0.5 7 4 0.55 — Macedonia 8.5f — 1.5 0.3 6 7.6 0.4 — Maltag 1.9 — 1.8 0.5 3.8 8.5 0.55 — Moldova 10.1 — 2.9 0.7 5.2 6.4 0.55 — Netherlands 0.3 — 1.9 0.5 6.3 3.3 0.55 — Norway 4.7 — 2 0.5 16 2.6 0.55 — Poland 1.3 — 2.5 0.3 7.3 8.4 0.55 — Portugal 0.02 — 2 0.6 3.5 0.2 0.55 — Romania 6.5 — 2.9 0.7 5.2 6.4 0.55 — Russia, Bryansk Oblast(60) 110(61) 0.07–0.14 1.6 0.45 7.6–11 6.7–10 0.54 0.41–0.63 Russia, Kaluga Oblast(60) 14.2(61) 0.07 1.5 0.42 7.7 6.3 0.5 0.48 Russia, Orel Oblast(60) 41(61) 0.07 1.6 0.43 8.1 7.1 0.5 0.49 Russia, Tula Oblast(60) 67(61) 0.07 1.6 0.46 7.9 6.5 0.5 0.5 Serbia and Montenegro 9(47) — 1.5 0.3 6 7.6 0.55 — Slovakia 3.6 — 1.8 0.3 11 7.3 0.50 — Slovenia 16.3 — 1.4 0.3 5.9 7.2 0.4 — Spain 0.06 — 1.5 0.3 3.9 — 0.55 — Sweden 4.6 — 2 0.78 15.9 1.1 0.55 — Switzerland 5.6 — 1.9 0.6 7 8.6 0.55 — Ukraine, Chernihiv Oblastc (11) 15h 2 8 2 13 20 0.5 2 Ukraine, Kyiv Oblastc (11) 30h 2 8 2 13 20 0.5 2 Ukraine, Kyiv-Cityc (11) 15h 2 8 2 13 20 0.5 2 Ukraine, Rivno Oblastc (11) 40h 2 8 2 13 20 0.5 2 Ukraine, Zhytomir Oblastc (11) 50h 2 8 2 13 20 0.5 2 Ukraine, remainderc (11) 20h 2 8 2 13 20 0.5 2 United Kingdom 0.9 — 1.8 0.6 7.1 12.9 0.55 —\naInterpolation between Greece and Serbia and Montenegro bRatios are assumed to be the same as in Finland cRatios are decay corrected to 26 April 1986 dRatios are assumed to be the same as in Vitebsk Oblast in Belarus eRatios are assumed to be the same as in Austria fInterpolation between northern Greece and Serbia and Montenegro gAssumed to be the same as in southern Italy hDerived from Ref.","Country Integrated activity in air (Bq d m 3) Yearly integrated activity in diet (Bq) of\n131I for age group 137Cs in year\n131I 134Cs 137Cs 1 y 20 y 1986 1987\nAlbaniaa 50 4 8 2570 6330 2690 1750 Austria 115(66) 6.4(66) 11.2(66) 2280 1650 11,700(27) 7600 Belgium 30 2 5 560 730 420 270 Bosnia and Herzegovina 72 3.4 7.4 5050 12,900 2200 1430 Bulgaria 13.8(56) 4.4(56) 9(56) 4590(30) 7150(30) 8560 5560 Croatia 61(31) 12(31) 28(31) 5890(32) 11,500 7790(32) 5060 Cyprus 20 3.5 7 1260 2460 1140 740 Czech Republic 140(66) 5.2(66) 10.5(66) 3160 3600 1670(33) 1090 Denmark 6.7(66) 0.26(66) 0.53(66) 30 32 430 280 Estonia 55(66)b 1(66)b 1.7(66)b 620 1380 1060 690 Finland 47(67) 0.9(67) 1.5(67) 150(64) 150(64) 4200(68) 7300(68) France 7.9 0.52 1.2 590 610 1070 700 Germany 42 3.2 6.1 580 590 1500 970 Greece 40(38) 5(38) 10(38) 4930 4540 12,900(38) 8390 Hungary 29 2.1 4.2 1570 1650 3980 2580 Ireland 1.0 0.06 0.11 650 940 1970 1280 Italy 35 2.2 4.2 2260 2650 5900 3840 Latvia 55 1 1.7 1400c 3460c 850c 320c Liechtenstein 43(66) 4.4(66) 8(66) 2400 1710 7300d 4800d Lithuania 270(44) 4.4 8.8 6250(44) 4300(44) 3600(59) 510(59) Luxembourg 30 2 5 670 870 1440 930 Macedonia 57 2.5 5.9 2570 6380 2690 1750 Maltae 26 1.6 2.7 2100 1480 5050 3280 Moldovaf 340 8 17 5380 7950 10,630 6900 Netherlands 20(66) 0.9(66) 1.9(66) 230 630 760 490 Norway 85 2.8 5.3 175 260 3940 2560 Poland 72 4.1 8.2 2120 1750 4260 2770 Portugal 0.07 0.01 0.02 2 5 40 30 Romania 180 6.4 13.7 4660 4120 6880 4470 Serbia and Montenegro 57 2.5 5.9 2550 6290 3020 1960 Slovakia 110(66) 5.8(66) 10.7(66) 4720 4540 5150 3350 Slovenia 72 3.4 7.4 5620 14,400 5600 3640 Spain 0.14 0.015 0.03 30 45 160 100 Sweden 26 0.56 1 220 270 2660 1730 Switzerland 29(66) 1.9(66) 3.8(66) 950(51) 4500(51) 4190(61) 5150(61) United Kingdom 5.4(66) 0.48(66) 0.9(66) 180 180 530 340\naInterpolation between Greece and Serbia and Montenegro bAssumed to be the same as in Helsinki cAssuming the same transfer factors as in Vitebsk Oblast in Belarus dAssuming the same transfer factors as in Austria eAssumed to be the same as in southern Italy fAssumed to be the same as northeastern Romania\nht tp\n:// do\nc. re\nro .c\nh\ndose rate due to radionuclide i deposited on the ground surface (mSv d 1); t1, t2 are times corresponding to the beginning and the end of the years that are considered (d).","In addition, the comparison did not include the republics of the former Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia), the Czech Republic, four contaminated Oblasts in Russia, Slovakia and Ukraine as the doses published in the UNSCEAR 1988 Report(5) were for specific sub-regions that did not cover the entire territory of these countries.","For less affected European countries, information on country-specific radiation data and dose estimates was either obtained from local experts: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Finland, Lithuania and Switzerland; and/or from published data: Austria(24–28), Belgium(29), Bulgaria(30), Croatia(31,32), the Czech Republic(33,34), Estonia(35), Finland(36), France(37), Greece(38,39), Hungary(40), Italy(41,42), Lithuania(43,44), Norway(45,46), Serbia and Montenegro(47), Slovakia(48,49), Sweden(50), Switzerland(51) and the United Kingdom(52,53).","For less affected European countries, information on country-specific radiation data and dose estimates was either obtained from local experts: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Finland, Lithuania and Switzerland; and/or from published data: Austria, Belgium((29)), Bulgaria((30)), Croatia((31,32)), the Czech Republic((33,34)), Estonia((35)), Finland((36)), France((37)), Greece((38,39)), Hungary((40)), Italy((41,42)), Lithuania((43,44)), Norway((45,46)), Serbia and Montenegro((47)), Slovakia((48,49)), Sweden((50)), Switzerland((51)) and the United Kingdom((52,53)).","Sv. Duha 64, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 7National Radiation Protection Institute, Šrobárova 48, 10000 Praha 10, Czech Republic 8Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Radiation Protection, 3003 Bern, Switzerland 9University of Fribourg, 3 Chemin du Musée, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland\nOn the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl accident an attempt has been made to evaluate the impact of the Chernobyl accident on the global burden of human cancer in Europe.","Country Thyroid dose from the intake of\n131I (mGy) for age group\nWhole-body effective dose (mSv) accrued in the period\n1 y Adults 1986 1986–2005\nAlbania 9.4 2.8 0.16 0.52 Austria 8.5 0.9 0.37 0.98 Belarus, Brest Oblast(22) 123 26 0.62 2.3 Belarus, Vitebsk Oblast(22) 7.0 2.0 0.05 0.12 Belarus, Gomel Oblast(22,70) 750 153 3.4 9.7 Belarus, Grodno Oblast(22) 28 5.8 0.32 0.85 Belarus, Minsk Oblast(22) 16.3 4.7 0.26 0.68 Belarus, Minsk-City(22) 100 18 0.17 0.68 Belarus, Mogilev Oblast(22) 128 31 1.5 4.4 Belgium 2.1 0.4 0.01 0.03 Bosnia and Herzegovina 18.4 5.7 0.12 0.41 Bulgaria(30) 16.6 3.1 0.25 0.64 Croatia 21.4 5.0 0.19 0.47 Cyprus 4.6 1.1 0.03 0.08 Czech Republic(34) 11.7 1.7 0.09 0.37 Denmark 0.1 0.02 0.01 0.03 Estonia 2.4 0.7 0.05 0.14 Finland(36,71) 1.1 0.3 0.21 1.36 France 2.1 0.3 0.03 0.07 Germany 2.2 0.3 0.06 0.17 Greece 17.8 2.0 0.33 0.72 Hungary 5.7 0.7 0.11 0.3 Icelanda - - 0.001 0.01 Ireland 2.3 0.4 0.07 0.21 Italy 8.2 1.2 0.15 0.33 Latvia 5.1 1.5 0.04 0.10 Liechtenstein 8.9 0.9 0.28 0.91 Lithuania(44,59) 22.7 4.3 0.16 0.33 Luxembourg 2.5 0.4 0.04 0.11 Macedonia 9.4 2.8 0.14 0.47 Malta 7.6 0.7 0.13 0.29 Moldova 20.3 3.9 0.36 0.97 Netherlands 0.9 0.3 0.02 0.05 Norway 0.9 0.2 0.16 0.38 Poland 7.8 0.8 0.11 0.25 Portugal 0.008 0.002 0.001 0.003 Romania 17.2 2.0 0.23 0.61 Russia, Bryansk Oblast(20,72,73) 210 26 3.2 10.9 Russia, Kaluga Oblast(16,20,73) 10 2 0.63 1.7 Russia, Orel Oblast(16,20,73) 60 10 1.2 2.8 Russia, Tula Oblast(16,20,73) 55 7 1.4 3.4 Serbia and Montenegro 9.3 2.8 0.16 0.55 Slovakia 17.3 2.1 0.16 0.41 Slovenia 20.4 6.3 0.30 0.98 Spain 0.1 0.02 0.004 0.009 Sweden 0.9 0.2 0.12 0.31 Switzerland(51) 3.5 2.0 0.17 0.46 Ukraine, Chernihiv Oblast(14,70) 120 24 0.5 1.7 Ukraine, Kyiv Oblast(14,70) 166 33 1.4 3.9 Ukraine, Kyiv-City(14,70) 72 12 0.45 1.3 Ukraine, Rivno Oblast(14) 146 29 1.0 5.6 Ukraine, Zhytomir Oblast(14,70) 170 38 1.6 5.7 Ukraine, remainder(14) 28 5.4 0.57 1.9 United Kingdom 0.7 0.08 0.02 0.05\naExternal dose only from deposition of 134,137Cs was estimated\nht tp\n:// do\nc. re\nro .c\nh\ncountermeasures into account, and those estimates without adjusting for countermeasures(4), while the doses evaluated in the UNSCEAR 1988 Report(5)\nare doses estimated taking countermeasures into account.","Dose estimates provided by local experts\nAs mentioned above, local experts from Belarus, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Finland, Lithuania, the Russian Federation, Switzerland and Ukraine provided dose estimates for their countries.","Figure 1 shows the time-dependence of dietary intake of 137Cs activity used in dose reconstruction (solid line) and that observed in Austria(27,28), Belarus(23), the Czech Republic(34), Finland(36) and Norway(46)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null]}
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the Third demands judgments.","(Lévinas, 1974b, pp. 48-49)\nThis voice orders me to show myself to the Other and say “hello” (Lévinas, 1974b, p. 143), to make me visible to the Other, to make me vulnerable, and to denude myself.","…nature of responsibility: \"There is a paradox in responsibility, in that I am obliged without this obligation having begun in me, as though an order slipped into my consciousness like a thief, smuggled itself in, like an effect of one of Plato's wandering causes\" (Lévinas, 1974b, p. 13).","(Lévinas, 1974b, p. 48)\nNow, I had to defend my proposal.","(Lévinas, 1974b, p. 126) Again, “that is his [the Other’s] affair.”","Here it becomes clear that the Third is a non-event (Lévinas, 1974b).","(Lévinas, 1974b, p. 158).","He emphasises that being is to be among and for Others (Lévinas, 1974b) rather than a being in the world and towards death (Heidegger, 1927)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1166055790,"citingcorpusid":167363813,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The present international trend sees shipowners transferring their ships to more financially favourable registers [Lord Alexander, '1999,\n16\nand see Section 4.3].","Since then, numerous articles and papers have investigated many of the issues raised, in particular the proposals for a tonnage tax by Lord Alexander [1999] to the British government.","It is widely recognised as a sensible and pragmatic way of achieving a low-tax regime, and is being implemented by some leading maritime nations [Lord Alexander, 1999: pt. 37 and see Section 4.4 and Section 4.5]."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1129772415,"citingcorpusid":150016171,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["More specifically, as schema are retrieved and utilized in interpreting current experiences, they become increasingly accessible and therefore more likely to be retrieved and utilized to interpret future experiences. As Lapsley and Narvaez (2004) describe it, highly accessible schema (those that are frequently used to interpret information) serve to direct a person’s attention to environmental cues.","select, from a pre-generated list of responses, justifications (Moral, Social Conventional, or Personal Choice) for their answers. Their results showed that community helping and standard political involvement were evaluated as more important than community gathering and social movement activities. They also found that youth perceived an obligation to engage in standard political and community helping behaviours, with standard political involvement, intriguingly, considered the most obligatory act. Finally, youth tended to select social conventional justifications as reasons for why standard political involvement was considered the most obligatory of activities, whereas community helping was usually justified using moral reasons, while the other activities were justified through the use of personal choice concerns. The findings of this study suggest that youth perceive an obligation to help others, and to be active participants in democratic society, extending the results of the Kahn (1992) paper in suggesting that older youth may have a more mature conception of personal responsibility and how best to discharge that responsibility to the benefit of society at large. The overall lack of personal justifications in the Standard Political and Volunteerism conditions suggests that youth do not simply consider positive morality as a function of personal choice. Rather, youth tended to consider what is best for the functioning of society. Obligation, then, does not simply exist when performing an unambiguously moral task, such as helping another. Political procedural tasks, such as voting, also carry a certain obligation behind them; citizens have a responsibility to take the time necessary to select their leaders. It seems that individuals have a more extended sense of obligation than is immediately apparent from the results of the Kahn (1992) study, especially when these actions benefit society or entail democratic political obligations.","Moral identity casts morality as an individual difference, suggesting variation: some people might have high levels of moral identity, and some might have low levels of moral identity. This variance could map onto moral behavior in a variety of ways, either by reducing the attributions of a personal responsibility to behave in a moral way or by influencing a person's tendency to recognize a complex social situation as morally salient. The next chapter will examine the civic domain. As previously stated, the civic domain represents a complex social situation that can be interpreted either in moral or non-moral ways. The Colby and Damon (1992) research suggested that moral exemplars differed in their contributions to society, not just in their contributions to others on an interpersonal level.","To investigate this, Metzger and Smetana (2009) presented youth with scenarios describing different forms of civic behaviours and asked them to assess their perceived obligation to perform these behaviours.","More specifically, as schema are retrieved and utilized in interpreting current experiences, they become increasingly accessible and therefore more likely to be retrieved and utilized to interpret future experiences. As Lapsley and Narvaez (2004) describe it, highly accessible schema (those that are frequently used to interpret information) serve to direct a person’s attention to environmental cues. In the longer-term, these schema predispose a person to the selection of self-relevant life goals which serve to maintain their personal dispositions. Finally, accessible schema become increasingly automatic as they are applied, resulting in what Lapsley and Narvaez (2004) refer to as “chronically” accessible schema. The study of the self therefore allows for the exploration of an individual person’s evaluation of his or her own characteristics. As Blasi and Glodis (1995) note, the study of traits and experiences are only relevant insofar as a person assigns relevance to them.","select, from a pre-generated list of responses, justifications (Moral, Social Conventional, or Personal Choice) for their answers. Their results showed that community helping and standard political involvement were evaluated as more important than community gathering and social movement activities. They also found that youth perceived an obligation to engage in standard political and community helping behaviours, with standard political involvement, intriguingly, considered the most obligatory act. Finally, youth tended to select social conventional justifications as reasons for why standard political involvement was considered the most obligatory of activities, whereas community helping was usually justified using moral reasons, while the other activities were justified through the use of personal choice concerns. The findings of this study suggest that youth perceive an obligation to help others, and to be active participants in democratic society, extending the results of the Kahn (1992) paper in suggesting that older youth may have a more mature conception of personal responsibility and how best to discharge that responsibility to the benefit of society at large.","their theories about reality, a person also develops self-directed schema representing theories about who they are as a person (Harter, 1999; Moshman, 2005). These self-schema or selftheories are combined into a self-concept that is both broadly consistent across contexts as well as situation-specific (Harter, 1999; Markus & Nurius, 1986). Building upon this idea of the self as a rational, autonomous agent, self-concept researchers focused on the utility of a person's understanding of their own qualities (Harter, 1999). Knowledge about the self aids one in helping to create a coherent story about personal experiences by providing a framework to organize experiences and weave them into a selfnarrative. Self knowledge is thought to aid in the creation of increasingly sophisticated selfschema, giving rise to self-theories whereby one attempts to understand and predict how one will react and behave across situations. Like any set of schema, these theories are subject to alteration if they are at odds with perceived reality. Due to a person's inherent need to accurately understand reality, a person must modify their self-schema if their beliefs about themselves are not found to match their actual behaviors or predispositions. When this occurs, one’s intellectual homeostasis has been disrupted; one believes oneself to be one kind of person and has behaved as if one were another. This disruption produces what is referred to as a self-discrepancy (Higgins, 1987). These self-discrepancies threaten one’s personal self-concept, and therefore threaten a person’s ability to explain their world and their role in it, producing negative affect. Higgins (1987) maintains that self-discrepancies and the ensuing negative affect can have important implications for human motivation.","More specifically, as schema are retrieved and utilized in interpreting current experiences, they become increasingly accessible and therefore more likely to be retrieved and utilized to interpret future experiences. As Lapsley and Narvaez (2004) describe it, highly accessible schema (those that are frequently used to interpret information) serve to direct a person’s attention to environmental cues. In the longer-term, these schema predispose a person to the selection of self-relevant life goals which serve to maintain their personal dispositions. Finally, accessible schema become increasingly automatic as they are applied, resulting in what Lapsley and Narvaez (2004) refer to as “chronically” accessible schema.","Moral identity is thought to promote moral behavior. It is no coincidence that Colby and Damon (1992) developed their theory of moral identity based on people who had built a lifetime of concrete behavior designed to promote social justice and wellbeing.","This is a surprising gap in the literature, considering that many of the constructs underlying moral identity, such as selfconcept, have developmental progressions that are relatively well understood (Harter & Monsour, 1992). The self-concept undergoes considerable changes throughout adolescence, as multiple selves are reorganized into a construct that is both stable and flexible (Harter 1999). This would also suggest that moral identity undergoes similar development in adolescence, as some youth reorganize their self concept to favor moral qualities over non-moral ones. However, Krettenauer and Hertz (2015) note that there is little evidence of age-related change in moral identity in adolescence."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],null,null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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It was found that nearly half of the veterans returning from Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn wars were receiving health care for PTSD, nondependent abuse of drugs or alcohol, and alcohol dependence. In addition, substance use was higher among younger veterans and National Guard members, both men and women, and the more trauma exposure, the more likely the veteran is to develop problems of PTSD and depression. A paucity of information exists on the problem of SUDs and PTSD among younger veterans of the Middle East war. Though literature is limited, Petrakis et al. (2011) noted that it continues to be a major concern. Drug and alcohol use was found to be a significant quandary for military personnel. Kehle and colleagues (2012) conducted a study to examine the association of PTSD symptoms among a group of Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans.","PTSD symptoms can help to understand one method as opposed to veterans with both PTSD and SUD who have a poorer clinical course (Norman et al., 2007). Najavits and colleagues (2010a) found that approximately one-third of veterans seeking treatment for SUDs met the criteria for comorbid PTSD. SUD patients with comorbid PTSD (SUDPTSD) present with greater drug abuse severity, demonstrating greater trauma and drug use– elicited drug craving. These researchers noted that PTSD and SUDs are more challenging to treat independently because they frequently co-occur. It was found that nearly half of the veterans returning from Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn wars were receiving health care for PTSD, nondependent abuse of drugs or alcohol, and alcohol dependence. In addition, substance use was higher among younger veterans and National Guard members, both men and women, and the more trauma exposure, the more likely the veteran is to develop problems of PTSD and depression. A paucity of information exists on the problem of SUDs and PTSD among younger veterans of the Middle East war. Though literature is limited, Petrakis et al. (2011) noted that it continues to be a major concern.","PTSD symptoms can help to understand one method as opposed to veterans with both PTSD and SUD who have a poorer clinical course (Norman et al., 2007). Najavits and colleagues (2010a) found that approximately one-third of veterans seeking treatment for SUDs met the criteria for comorbid PTSD. SUD patients with comorbid PTSD (SUDPTSD) present with greater drug abuse severity, demonstrating greater trauma and drug use– elicited drug craving. These researchers noted that PTSD and SUDs are more challenging to treat independently because they frequently co-occur. It was found that nearly half of the veterans returning from Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn wars were receiving health care for PTSD, nondependent abuse of drugs or alcohol, and alcohol dependence. In addition, substance use was higher among younger veterans and National Guard members, both men and women, and the more trauma exposure, the more likely the veteran is to develop problems of PTSD and depression. A paucity of information exists on the problem of SUDs and PTSD among younger veterans of the Middle East war. Though literature is limited, Petrakis et al. (2011) noted that it continues to be a major concern. Drug and alcohol use was found to be a significant quandary for military personnel. Kehle and colleagues (2012) conducted a study to examine the association of PTSD symptoms among a group of Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans. Participants completed a selfreport that measured AUD one month before deployment and 3 to 6 months postdeployment. The study focused on both current and lifetime history of veterans with AUD. These veterans were assessed 6 to 12 months postdeployment, using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Thirty-eight percent (38%) of veterans met the criteria for AUD after returning from deployment. The onset of these AUD symptoms was correlated with elevated levels of PTSD symptoms. Therefore, this study indicates how veterans’ involvement in combat exacerbates PTSD and AUD symptoms following deployment. According to Stappenbeck and colleagues (2014), aggression among combat veterans was a great concern.","PTSD symptoms can help to understand one method as opposed to veterans with both PTSD and SUD who have a poorer clinical course (Norman et al., 2007). Najavits and colleagues (2010a) found that approximately one-third of veterans seeking treatment for SUDs met the criteria for comorbid PTSD. SUD patients with comorbid PTSD (SUDPTSD) present with greater drug abuse severity, demonstrating greater trauma and drug use– elicited drug craving. These researchers noted that PTSD and SUDs are more challenging to treat independently because they frequently co-occur. It was found that nearly half of the veterans returning from Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn wars were receiving health care for PTSD, nondependent abuse of drugs or alcohol, and alcohol dependence. In addition, substance use was higher among younger veterans and National Guard members, both men and women, and the more trauma exposure, the more likely the veteran is to develop problems of PTSD and depression. A paucity of information exists on the problem of SUDs and PTSD among younger veterans of the Middle East war. Though literature is limited, Petrakis et al. (2011) noted that it continues to be a major concern. Drug and alcohol use was found to be a significant quandary for military personnel. Kehle and colleagues (2012) conducted a study to examine the association of PTSD symptoms among a group of Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans. Participants completed a selfreport that measured AUD one month before deployment and 3 to 6 months postdeployment. The study focused on both current and lifetime history of veterans with AUD. These veterans were assessed 6 to 12 months postdeployment, using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Thirty-eight percent (38%) of veterans met the criteria for AUD after returning from deployment. The onset of these AUD symptoms was correlated with elevated levels of PTSD symptoms. Therefore, this study indicates how veterans’ involvement in combat exacerbates PTSD and AUD symptoms following deployment. 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{"citationid":1853542686,"citingcorpusid":135143173,"citedcorpusid":140562849,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thick coals were formed in broad, humid swamps of large flood basins between the unconfined channels of large meandering rivers or basin centres during periods of lower subsidence rates (Rust et al. 1987; Kalkreuth et al. 1991; Marchioni et al. 1996; Kalkreuth 2004).","The coastal plain coal is characterized by its great lateral continuity and substantial thickness, whereas the coal of the upper delta plains is thin and discontinuous (Kalkreuth et al. 1991; Bustin and Palsgrove 1997; Kalkreuth 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":951451624,"citingcorpusid":56100101,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Key words: power supply integrated protection; μC/OS-III real-time operating system; multitask management;\ncommunication and synchronization; kernel object\n0 引言\n简单的小型系统通常设计为前后台系统，作为\n基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目资助(61340015)；河南省\n教育厅自然科学研究计划项目资助(2010A470003，2009B\n470003)\n后台的主程序是一个无限循环，系统实时性依赖于 作为前台的中断服务程序。复杂的多任务系统则需 要使用实时操作系统(RTOS)，在实时操作系统中， 每个任务都是一段简单的程序，统一由实时内核管 理，这样就有效地减少了前后台系统中较长的中断 响应时间与任务级响应时间，提高了系统的实时性， 因而其在工业控制、信息处理等领域已得到广泛应\n用[1-4]。μC/OS-III 是一个可剥夺、可固化的基于优 先级的多任务操作系统，有丰富的内核对象及系统 服务，有非常便捷的 API，即应用程序接口，且和 其他操作系统相比，更有配套的监测软件，便于系 统运行状态的监测，极大地方便了软件设计，对于 供电智能综合保护器的设计及升级改进有着重要 意义[5]。\n1 保护器系统组成及功能任务划分\n1.1 保护器系统组成\n保护器由 MCU 以及外围硬件电路两部分组\n成，如图 1 所示。MCU 使用的是 Cortex-M3 内核， 集成 ADC、GPIO 等多种外设[6]。外围硬件电路中， 信号调理电路用于将互感器所得电气信号调理至标 准的 MCU 可识别电压(峰峰值为 3 V，偏置电压为 1.5 V)，继电器驱动电路用以执行开关动作，触摸 显示屏及驱动、SD卡及驱动以及通信接口电路分别 提供了 GUI 交互、文件系统以及通信功能的硬件 基础。\n1.2 保护器功能与任务划分\n保护器功能按照设计有数据采集处理功能、故\n障识别与动作功能[7]、数据记录功能、参数设定功\n能、通信功能、时间日期功能以及 GUI 交互功能等。\n将功能划分为保护动作任务、数据处理任务、数据\n发送任务等10个任务。任务内容及功能如表1所示。\n其中，保护动作任务和数据处理任务是本系统中的 核心，数据处理任务由 ADC 采集[8-9]和 FFT 算法[10]\n计算两部分组成。ADC 采集、串口通信以及 SD 卡 数据存读均以 DMA[11]的方式实现。\n2 保护系统软件层次及工程文件组成\n2.1 保护系统软件层次\n为了提高保护器的实时性、增强 GUI 交互、便\n于软件开发和系统升级，系统软件使用分层结构，\n表 1 应用任务划分\n从上到下依次为用户层、操作系统层和 CMSIS 层[12]， 如图 2 所示。用户层主要是在操作系统上的任务设 计，操作系统层由实时内核和中间件 API 组成，中 间件包括 FatFs 文件系统 API、emWin[13]图形库 API 等高级系统服务。CMSIS 层是由 ARM 公司与芯片 厂商联合制定的硬件抽象层，用以降低软件开发成 本，主要有 CMSIS 标准函数库组成。\n2.2 工程文件组成\n如图 3 所示，除了硬件层，操作系统的文件结\n构分为三层[14]，分别为应用层、CPU 无关层、CPU 相关层，其中各个部分标号与图 4 中的标号相对应。\n根据图 3 中操作系统的文件结构，系统工程文\n件由以下七个部分组成，由图 4 所示。这七个部分 自上到下分别为启动代码、CMSIS 标准库、用户应 用程序、BSP 板级支持包、μC/OS-III 操作系统文件， STemWin 图形库以及 FatFs 文件系统。CMSIS 标准 库提供了访问寄存器的库函数；用户应用程序是操 作系统下的任务即中断服务程序代码；BSP 板级支 持包提供了用于访问板上各个模块的函数，由操作\n系统 API 调用或用户直接调用；μC/OS-III 操作系统 文件包括三部分，图 4 中的 4.1 和 4.3 是与 CPU 无 关的源码，4.2 和 4.4 是与 CPU 相关的用于系统移 植的文件，4.5 是用于系统应用配置和设计的配置文 件。 STemWin 图形库和 FatFs 文件系统用作 μC/OS-III 操作系统的高级服务，其底层驱动由 BSP 板级支持包中的液晶显示器驱动、触摸屏驱动以及 SDIO 驱动等组成。\n3 操作系统应用设计\n3.1 μC/OS-III 实时操作系统移植与配置\nμC/OS-III 是一个可裁减、可固化、可剥夺型的\n多任务内核。其源代码开放，有便捷的 API，可移 植到各种不同的 CPU 上，有丰富的系统服务，如任 务管理、时间管理、信号量，更有配套的监测软件， 便于软件开发[15]。本文参照嵌入式实时操作系统 μC/OS-III 参考手册，采用 MDK 编译器，将其移植 到 Cortex-M3 内核 MCU 上。为节省资源，根据使 用到的系统服务，对其进行裁剪配置，其相关配置 文件在图 4 中标号为 4.5 的文件目录下，如 app_cfg.h、os_cfg_app.h、cpu_cfg.h 等[16]。设计任 务中将用到事件标志组、任务信号量、任务消息队 列、互斥信号量等内核对象，和中断服务、时间管 理以及存储管理等系统服务。为使用 μC/Probe 的调 试功能，还需要使能时间戳、DBG 调试等。 3.2 应用任务优先级配置和栈空间分配\n在 μC/OS-III 实时操作系统中，合理的任务优\n先级配置和栈空间分配对于保证实时系统的正常运 行非常重要。EMS 调度法给最大执行率的任务分配 最高优先级[17]。而在本系统中，部分任务的重要性 十分明显，本文结合 EMS 调度法，优先考虑任务 的重要性。给更重要的任务分配更高的优先级，同 样重要任务的优先级则按照 EMS 调度法来分配。 应用任务的重要性和执行频率(相对大小估值)分 析，对应的优先级配置如表 2 所示。\n表 2 任务分析表\n务监视功能[18]，先给每个任务分配足够大的栈空 间，确认系统运行无误后，根据得到的每个任务实 际堆栈使用，给定安全系数为 1.5~1.8，计算分配栈 空间。 3.3 应用任务运行机制 3.3.1 应用任务的通信与资源管理\n对于一个基于 RTOS 的工业控制软件系统，各\n个任务间往往需要紧密的通信[19]。在 μC/OS-III 系\n统中，任务间通信有两种方式：全局变量和消息传 递。消息传递是 μC/OS-III 提供的一种系统服务。 本文综合二者特点，在不同的任务之间合理使用全 局变量或消息传递。\n间的通信量少，但通信个数多，因此触摸输入任务 和其他任务适合以消息传递的方式进行任务通信。 而当任务之间通信量大，则使用全局变量等共享资 源实现任务间通信。\n如表 3 所示，本文使用的共享资源包括电气信\n号数组、参数设定数组、数据读取缓存和故障信息 结构体以及时间日期结构体。其中，电气信号包括 三相电压电流和零序电压电流等电气量，故障信息 结构体包括是否故障、故障类型、故障开始时间和 动作时间等信息。\n表 3 共享资源一览表\n3.3.2 应用任务的同步\n在实时操作系统中，任务间往往需要同步运行，\nμC/OS-III 系统提供了多种同步机制，本文使用任务 信号量和事件标志组实现应用任务的同步。图 5 显 示，任务同步主要有数据处理任务与其他任务的同 步和液晶显示任务与其他任务的同步两大部分。\n1) 数据处理任务与其他任务的同步 保护判断任务、数据发送任务、数据存储任务\n以及液晶显示任务都希望获得数据处理任务处理后 的结果，因此这些任务之间需要同步。这里用事件 标志组和任务信号量的方式进行任务同步。前者通 过调用 OSTaskSemPend()，将自己置为等待态，当 后者完成一次处理后，通过调用 OSTaskSemPost()， 分别向前者四个任务发送任务信号量，前者被置为 就绪态，依次获取 CPU 的使用权。当前者执行结束 后，则将会调用 OSFlagPost()，分别使事件标志组 的 Flag0 到 Flag3 置位，后者以与的方式调用 OSFlagPend()，等待四个标志位置位，仅当前者都 运行结束后，后者才能恢复运行，这样就实现了数 据处理任务与其他任务的同步。\n2) 液晶显示任务与其他任务的同步 除了需要和数据处理任务同步外，液晶显示任\n务还需要和数据读取任务、始终日期任务以及触摸 输入任务同步，这里使用任务信号量实现同步。需 要同步的任务通过调用 OSTaskSemPend()，将自己 置为等待态，由其等待的任务调用 OSTaskPost()， 将其置为就绪态，这样就实现了任务间的同步。\n4 保护器系统运行监测实验\n以 380 V 额定电压、200 A 额定电流的供电系\n统为测试对象，对本保护器进行实验，结果如图 6 所示。供电系统正常运行时，实时显示电力系统各 个参数及故障信息。底部菜单中，Fault_Q 菜单用 于故障查询，ParaSet 用与参数设定，Options 则是 更多选项，包括更改时间、界面主题、字体字号等 设置，有效地改善了 GUI 交互。\n使用 μC/Probe 对保护器进行系统运行检测，图\n7 显示了系统任务及应用任务的优先级、堆栈、运 行状态以及 CPU 运行率等信息。任务 13 (μC/OS-III Idle Task)为空闲任务，优先级最低，仅当 CPU 空闲 时，它才运行，因此其运行率和 CPU 总运行率相加 为 100%，故而可以得出 CPU 总运行率为 69%，由 EMS 调度法推荐的系统运行率来看，此运行率较为\n合理。但这只是系统自动运行时的状态，即不对其 进行任何的操作，当进行参数设定、故障查询等操 作时，运行率将有所提高，经测试最高至 77%，数 据发送任务(DataSend)和液晶显示任务(GUI)运行率 较高，前者受制于通信机制，后者则是因为刷新率 过高，这点有待改善。\n5 结语\n本文详细阐述了基于 μC/OS-III 的供电综合保\n护器的设计。该保护器实现了保护动作、参数设定、\n图形交互以及通信等多种功能；能可靠实现多任务\n实时系统的运行和管理，达到保护可靠动作；并且\n保护系统设计较为合理，便于软件后期升级，对于\n供电综合保护器的改进有着重要意义。但仍有不足\n之处，即数据发送任务 CPU 占用过高，可通过改变\n通信方式解决；液晶显示任务的 CPU 占用过高，还\n需要使用窗口管理来降低刷新率，进而降低其 CPU\n占用率；图形交互设计美中不足，还需有更符合美\n学的设计。\n参考文献\n[1] 屈国旺, 王增平, 吴永超, 等. 实时操作系统 VxWorks\n在微机保护中的应用[J].","2 应用任务优先级配置和栈空间分配 在 μC/OS-III 实时操作系统中,合理的任务优 先级配置和栈空间分配对于保证实时系统的正常运 行非常重要。EMS 调度法给最大执行率的任务分配 最高优先级([17])。而在本系统中,部分任务的重要性 十分明显,本文结合 EMS 调度法,优先考虑任务 的重要性。给更重要的任务分配更高的优先级,同 样重要任务的优先级则按照 EMS 调度法来分配。 应用任务的重要性和执行频率(相对大小估值)分 析,对应的优先级配置如表 2 所示。 表 2 任务分析表 Table 2 Task analysis form"],"intents":[null,null]}
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Of the two derivations that used PBPK modeling to account for species differences in glutathione metabolism, the US EPA IRIS (2004) derivation used surface area scaling to account for differences in sensitivity between mice and humans to the same delivered dose, whereas the NYS DOH (1988) derivation assumed that humans and mice are equally sensitive to the same delivered dose.","The Health Canada value is reported as a TC05 and is a maximum likelihood estimate rather than a lower bound risk-specific air concentration. The CA EPA derivation used a modified pharmacokinetic adjustment that only accounts for species differences in saturation of oxidative metabolism. However, the weight of scientific evidence indicates that species variability in methylene chloride carcinogenicity is primarily attributable to variation in the glutathione metabolic pathway (rather than the oxidative pathway), which is not accounted for in the CA EPA analysis. 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{"citationid":2762710759,"citingcorpusid":110131505,"citedcorpusid":6713425,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This result is good agreement with those reported in the literatures for peak stress in the cartilaginous layer of femur head, such as: 6.8MPa[25], 8.8MPa[26], 4.9-9.6[27], 6-10MPa[28], 7.5-9.0MPa[29], 7.7MPa[ 30 ], etc."],"intents":[["result"]]}
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{"citationid":4029787516,"citingcorpusid":255422424,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For this purpose dif ferent types of catalysts were previously used [11].","The fourth stage, which runs at temperatures above 850°C, is characterized by the formation of mineral components which are considered as remnants of the gasification process [11]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":379464189,"citingcorpusid":12266866,"citedcorpusid":134292617,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Therefore, numerous State and Federal agencies have guidelines recommending buffers of minimum width to protect stream ecosystems from nutrient inputs (Belt et al., 1992; Christensen, 2000; Lee et al., 2004; Mayer et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2382285101,"citingcorpusid":146468354,"citedcorpusid":154436625,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Previous studies that measured accessibility by car and public transit in US urban areas indicate significantly lower accessibility by public transit than by car (Blumenberg, 2004; Blumenberg and Hess, 2003; Kawabata and Shen, 2006; 2007; Shen, 1998; 2001).","than by car for low-wage workers in Boston (Shen, 1998), less-educated workers in Boston (Shen, 2001), and general workers in Boston and Los Angeles (Kawabata and Shen, 2006) and in San Francisco (Kawabata and Shen, 2007).","These measures show markedly lower job accessibility by public transit\nthan by car for low-wage workers in Boston (Shen, 1998), less-educated workers in Boston (Shen, 2001), and general workers in Boston and Los Angeles (Kawabata and Shen, 2006) and in San Francisco (Kawabata and Shen, 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1681402426,"citingcorpusid":9389651,"citedcorpusid":207077504,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We detected a significant heterogeneity in fasting glucose concentrations with the inclusion of trials that used genistein as supplements (13, 17, 21).","Therefore, the 3 studies that used genistein as supplements were excluded (13, 17, 21)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1076277860,"citingcorpusid":127788170,"citedcorpusid":129193056,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Although Mn and Fe are common trace elements in carbonate rocks (Hemming et al., 1989; Savard et al., 1995) their incorporation occurs predominantly",", 2006), which is attributed to differential Mn-Fe incorporations (Hemming et al., 1989; Savard et al., 1995).","Mn has been shown to promote luminescence in carbonate minerals examined using cathodoluminescent (CL) microscopy (Hemming et al., 1989)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2607360693,"citingcorpusid":21768403,"citedcorpusid":129193056,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…emission in calcite and dolomite, and the comparison of concentrations measured by either EPMA or m-PIXE to the measured CL response ~Mason, 1987; Hemming et al., 1989; Habermann, 2002!.\nRecent studies by Habermann ~2002! and Götze et al. ~2000! showed that correlations exist between CL peak…","…mapping by electron probe microanalysis ~EPMA!or micro proton-induced X-ray emission ~m-PIXE!, as CL can have greater sensitivity to trace element levels, particularly on strongly active materials such as scheelite ~MacRae et al., 2008! and calcite ~Hemming et al., 1989; Habermann et al., 2000!."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1519777582,"citingcorpusid":129144467,"citedcorpusid":55778574,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is consistent with a recent study comparing composites of equatorial Kelvin wave evolutions for EP and CP El Niño events (see Dewitte et al. 2012)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":456036322,"citingcorpusid":38162153,"citedcorpusid":41806843,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Thereare intercept-resend attack onsingle photonpulses [5, 6 ] andattacks onmulti-photon pulses [7,8,9].","developed by BBN technology USA using MATLAB  6 .5.","i) Pulse rate = 5Mb/s ii)Meanphoton number (t) = 0.1 iii) Telecommunications fiber length = 1Okm iv)Fiber attenuation = 0.2db/km v) Receiver loss = 10.4dB (average) vi)Residual phase error intheMach-Zehnder interferometers = 3degrees vii) Dutycycle (for usable QKDbits) = 80% viii) Detector efficiency = 130% ix)Darkcountprobability = 2.8x 10-5 per pulse x) Entropy estimate: BBBSS92[10] xi)Residual confidence level (C)=10- 6"],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],null]}
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{"citationid":38100743,"citingcorpusid":1252665,"citedcorpusid":55129521,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The raw material of biomass are used as raw material for bio-oil producing such as durian husk [3], corn cobs [4], oak tree [5], sawdust and wheat husk [6], castor beans [7], and organic waste [8]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4024800382,"citingcorpusid":255212877,"citedcorpusid":235500381,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Desde Italia (Lorrai 2021) y Francia (Lefebvre 2021), países pioneros, esta práctica comunicativa se fue extendiendo progresivamente por todo el continente,7 llegando, por supuesto, a España.8\nPodemos afirmar que estas emisoras surgieron como respuesta a una situación de anomia comunicacional que…","Desde Italia (Lorrai 2021) y Francia (Lefebvre 2021), países pioneros, esta práctica comunicativa se fue extendiendo progresivamente por todo el continente,7 llegando, por supuesto, a España.8\nPodemos afirmar que estas emisoras surgieron como respuesta a una situación de anomia comunicacional que se vivió en el Occidente democrático (Pérez Martínez 2017) durante aquellos años."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":534896678,"citingcorpusid":44074022,"citedcorpusid":5291208,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", humanitarian demining [1], computer vision [2], pattern recognition [3–7], multi-criteria decision making [8, 9], control theory [10], and multiple kernel learning [1,11–14]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":502284844,"citingcorpusid":52984074,"citedcorpusid":5291208,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In practice, FIs are mostly used for evidence fusion [1–6].","In this paper, we address a type of aggregation that has been studied in several previous works [1–6]: the Choquet fuzzy integral (CFI) with respect to a capacity measure (CM)—more popularly called a fuzzy measure, at least in this venue."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":77589345,"citingcorpusid":5939246,"citedcorpusid":5291208,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The ability of the fuzzy integral to combine the results of multiple sources of information has been established in several previous works [9, 14, 15].","The following properties o f the fuzzy integral can be easily proved [15]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":267864195,"citingcorpusid":28345142,"citedcorpusid":5291208,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["FMs and FIs have been used in a variety of applications, including [2],[3].","While the use of a ground-truth for learning the FM, specification by an expert or the use of a technique such as the Sugeno -measure (which generally is used in combination with the specification of the densities by an expert or learned) is helpful for many applications [2][3], there are applications in which these methods are not necessarily applicable."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3414455847,"citingcorpusid":223607559,"citedcorpusid":82098577,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The sequence further downstream between primers intH and ER88 (see Figure 2.3) comprised a repeated sequence motif, in which the first 40 bp were CRYRTA (R = G/A, Y = C/T), and the rest over 100 bp consisted of CGCATA alternating with CGTGTA (data not shown).","This repeat motif has been reported also in Nyctalus noctula (Petit et al. 1999) and in Myotis myotis, in which, as in the Northern Bat, two different forms exist: CGCATA (Castella et al. 2001) and CGTATA (Petri et al. 1996)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":800798256,"citingcorpusid":18005187,"citedcorpusid":82098577,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Interestingly, other studies of bats that show high female philopatry and male biased dispersal had considerably higher differentiation on maternal level (mtDNA) than long-tailed bats but comparable levels of nuclear DNA differentiation (Castella et al. 2001, Petit et al. 2001, Kerth et al. 2002)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":930399326,"citingcorpusid":16180552,"citedcorpusid":145241766,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["By contrast, a state that is neither too weak, nor too strong to be self-reliant may come to view civil society as a possible ally and a provider of those services the state cannot provide (Kuti, 1999; Sissenich, 2010)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1099455096,"citingcorpusid":7982506,"citedcorpusid":17770377,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The procedure is illustrated in Fig. 1. Note that such a scheme is similar to the Turbo processing techniques like Turbo decoding [ 7 ], Turbo multiuser detection [10] and Turbo equalization [11] in wireless communication systems."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1991472446,"citingcorpusid":52091863,"citedcorpusid":7032856,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Genetic or pharmacological interventions of specific genes or signalling pathways are able to modulate aging processes and regulate lifespan in multiple organisms (Xiong et al. 2017)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":808981062,"citingcorpusid":2410783,"citedcorpusid":28480612,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Both the experimental measurements Yk E and the model predictions Yk M(Π) are, however, affected by noise: distances measured from images are necessarily corrupted by random localization errors [50, 52, 53], while Hi-C data suffer from counting noise due to limited sequencing depth, random ligations, and other factors [54, 55]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1724085540,"citingcorpusid":209249158,"citedcorpusid":16631365,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Saya mengonsumsi makanan lengkap (makanan pokok, protein hewani, nabati, sayur dan buah) 31 (63,3) 18 (36,7) 23 (45,1) 28 (54,9) 0,07a","Sebaiknya ibu hamil mengonsumsi makanan bergizi seimbang terdiri dari (makanan pokok, lauk hewani, nabati, sayur dan buah) agar asupan terpenuhi 0 (0,0) 49 (100,0) 2 (3,9) 49 (96,1) 0,49","Ketika mual dan muntah, saya memenuhi kebutuhan cairan 27 (55,1) 22 (44,9) 19 (37,3) 32 (62,7) 0,07a"],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":140187334,"citingcorpusid":393744,"citedcorpusid":23764415,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The major challenge is then to design tunable blocks with maximum hardware sharing, while at the same time satisfying the very different specifications of various standards [1]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2298206918,"citingcorpusid":86118019,"citedcorpusid":86109823,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The third component is the montane Mexican, which includes the provinces of Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madre Oriental, the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, the Balsas Basin, and the Sierra Madre del Sur.","Some places in Guanajuato (where T. graniger is found), Hidalgo, and Querétaro have some portions of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt (Cantellano de Rosas 2007) that are not visible in Morrone’s (2006) proposal.","With silphids, the montane Mexican component resulted from the area where the Neotropical and Neartic fauna are in contact, an aspect previously documented at least in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt (Halffter 1987).","Although the regionalization by Morrone (2006) shows the Transmexican Volcanic Belt as a continuous area, this province is integrated for isolated mountain chains or volcanoes.","Finally, T. graniger is the only species endemic to Mexico and is recorded from the provinces of the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Transmexican Volcanic Belt (Fig.","These results partially agree with those observed with silphids in our study, because they detected the vicariant effect of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt but not the biogeographic mixture of elements from different affinities, which is the other dual implication of\nthe biogeographic barriers (they cause vicariance in some groups and connect disjunct areas of other groups at the same time).","Their results suggest that one of the most important vicariant events within the Mexican Transition Zone is the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, which divides the majority of the areas of endemism with Neartic affinities (north to the Transmexican Volcanic Belt) from those areas of endemism with Neotropical affinities (south to the Transmexican Volcanic Belt).","The Mexican provinces where these species were recorded are the Mexican Plateau, the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Sierra Madre Oriental, the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, the Sierra Madre del\nSur (in the latter, only N. mexicanus and T. truncatus), the Balsas Basin (N. mexicanus and T. truncatus), and Chiapas (N. mexicanus).","The connection and separation of lands, elevation of mountain chains, and increase or decrease in sea level, among others, may have caused vicariance, as documented by Arellano (1998), Halffter (1987), and MiguezGutiérrez et al. (2013)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":197036145,"citingcorpusid":9682252,"citedcorpusid":32524320,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a 2- to 14fold higher fracture risk than that of the general population [1, 2], and the incidence of fracture increases as the CKD stage increases [3, 4]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1197941244,"citingcorpusid":15650802,"citedcorpusid":10644495,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Kintampo Health Research Centre operates a health and demographic surveillance system, which routinely collects longitudinal demographic data such as pregnancies, births, deaths, migrations, and determinants of health (including household characteristics, socioeconomic conditions, and education) of a well-defined population with each individual identified by a unique number (35)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":848051764,"citingcorpusid":49433737,"citedcorpusid":32524320,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["creased renal function and higher fracture risk in CKD was stronger than many conventional risk factors for fracture, including BMD, sex, race, and age [17]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2580415156,"citingcorpusid":42892303,"citedcorpusid":32524320,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["other traditional risk factors of bone impairment, for example, age, gender, body weight, race, and bone mineral density (BMD) assessed at the hip with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).((9)) Moreover, bone fragility and vascular calcifications, corresponding to the two main consequences of bone and mineral disorders during CKD, are strongly correlated: When the bone status worsens, the incidence of vascular calcifications increases."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":796096092,"citingcorpusid":20188002,"citedcorpusid":4339718,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The concentration of CPP was chosen in accordance with findings by others as to its efficacy in mice and rats (Ge et al., 2010; Heynen et al., 1996; Wilson et al., 1999; Buschler et al., 2012)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1217355665,"citingcorpusid":126764705,"citedcorpusid":128990334,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A concept of an initial rain abstraction (McCuen, 1982) is used to estimate the thickness of the upper layer.","The Soil Conservation Service (SCS) developed an approach to estimate the initial rain abstraction based on soil and vegetation type, as well as on soil moisture conditions (McCuen, 1982)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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Thus, efficient use of natural resources viz. soil and water for maximizing output is of paramount importance. Application of water saving technology is an alternative choice for the sustainable water use and economic development. Sprinkler irrigation is a technology which saved the water over flood irrigation method in wheat (Bandyopadhyay et al 2010). Chourushi and Patel (2013) also observed that sprinkler irrigation saved the water upto 50 per cent as compared to surface method of irrigation without significant yield reduction.","During the last decade, the average value of water table decline is from 45-50 cm per year in the central districts of Punjab (Minhas et al 2010). Thus, efficient use of natural resources viz. soil and water for maximizing output is of paramount importance. Application of water saving technology is an alternative choice for the sustainable water use and economic development. Sprinkler irrigation is a technology which saved the water over flood irrigation method in wheat (Bandyopadhyay et al 2010). Chourushi and Patel (2013) also observed that sprinkler irrigation saved the water upto 50 per cent as compared to surface method of irrigation without significant yield reduction. Yadav et al (2013a) reported that in sprinkler irrigated wheat application of N160 nitrogen level recorded grain yield comparable with N200 but it was significantly higher than N120 and N80 nitrogen level.","Maximum grain hardness (12.01 kg) was obtained with SI60 which was statistically at par with grain hardness (11.66 and 11.13 kg) obtained with application of SI80 and SI100, respectively but significantly higher than grain hardness (10.28 kg) obtained with border irrigation. The results confirm the findings of Coventry et al (2011). Significant variation in grain hardness of wheat was found due to different nitrogen levels (Table 4.","Iqbal et al (2012) conducted experiment with different levels of nitrogen i.e. 0, 75, 100, 125 and 150 kg ha -1 .","During the last decade, the average value of water table decline was 45-50 cm per year in the central districts of Punjab (Minhas et al 2010). Thus, efficient use of natural resources for maximizing output is of paramount importance. Increasing crop productivity, enhancement of irrigated area, protection of soil from water logging and other ill effects are challenges for today‟s agriculture which may be addressed to the larger extent by use of modern methods of irrigation. The age old conventional border method of irrigation has very low water-use-efficiency. By using these methods we are not only wasting the precious ground water but also deteriorating our soils. Among irrigation methods, sprinkler irrigation provides the benefits of water saving and increase in water-use-efficiency over the conventional border irrigation method for wheat (Bandyopadhyay et al 2010). Chourushi and Patel (2013) observed that sprinkler irrigation resulted in water saving upto 50 per cent as compared to surface method of irrigation.","Al-Ghobari and Marazky (2014) reported that sprinkler irrigation application at 100% ETc produced 8.5 and 43.1 per cent higher yield over sprinkler irrigation at 80% and 60 % ETc. Eid et al (2014) reported that S1IF3 (solid set sprinklers, irrigation frequency three times per week treatment gave the highest grain yield (58.","Al-Ghobari and Marazky (2014) reported that sprinkler irrigation application at 100% ETc produced 8.","7 cm) was obtained under100 per cent ASM and it was significantly reduced to 90.2, 80.4 and 74.6 cm under 80, 60 and 40 per cent available soil moisture, respectively. The highest decrease in grain yield was recorded at 40 per cent ASM as compared to 100 per cent ASM. The highest concentrations of nutrients were obtained with 100 per cent ASM and were significantly more than 60, 80 and 40 per cent ASM. Schneider and Howell (1994) conducted experiment on wheat using sprinkler irrigation with different amounts of irrigation viz 0, 33, 67 and 100 per cent of the irrigation water."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":614322163,"citingcorpusid":59439284,"citedcorpusid":119144168,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The first state of W1+∞ that needs to be removed in order to get the algebra YN1,N2,N3 appears at level n + 1.","For that it is important to remember that we have three types of nodes corresponding to three different free field representations of W1+∞ corresponding to λ1 = 1, λ2 = 1 or λ3 = 1 (as well as their conjugates).","Recall that when acting on the states in W1+∞ with ladder operators ej and fj , the eigenvalue of the generating function ψ(u) changes by products of elementary factors\nϕ(u− α) = (u− α+ h1)(u− α+ h2)(u− α+ h3) (u− α− h1)(u− α− h2)(u− α− h3) .","As discussed above, the algebra W1+∞ is isomorphic as an associative algebra to the well known affine Yangian of gl(1) generated by an infinite number of generators ψi, fi, ei.","Truncations of W1+∞.","4.6.2 Y0,1,2 — Parafermions\nAnother interesting truncation of W1+∞ is the chiral algebra of parafermions Y0,1,2.","(4.77)\nOne can furthermore check that there exists a composite field at level 8 that is identically zero in the free field realization as expected, i.e. the free field realization of Y111 automatically realizes the quotient of W1+∞ by a submodule generated by level 8 singular vector and not the simple quotient which would in this case be the trivial Y000 with the only local field being the identity.","Analogously, a generic representation of W1+∞ is specified by an infinite set of higher spin charges of the highest weight state, one for each independent generator of spin 1, 2, 3, . . ..","The U(1) current of W1+∞ whose zero mode is ψ1 is given by\nU1(z) = N∑ j=1 Jj(z) (4.32)\n– 26 –","(3.1)\nIt was argued in [5, 30] that for each triple of non-negative integers (N1, N2, N3),\nthe algebra W1+∞ contains an ideal IN1,N2,N3 generated by a singular vector at level (N1 + 1)(N2 + 1)(N3 + 1), whenever λi satisfy\nN1 λ1 + N2 λ2 + N3 λ3 = 1.","In this section, we review the definition of YN1,N2,N3 in terms of truncations of the W1+∞ algebra, the kernel of screening charges and the BRST reduction.","In most of the paper, we concentrate on truncations of W1+∞ associated to the simplest trivalent junction.","The algebra W1+∞ is an extension of the vertex operator algebra of the stress-energy tensor T by primary fields Wi of spin i = 1, 3, 4, . . . . Jacobi identities fix all the structure constants [23–25] of the algebra up to three parameters (λ1, λ2, λ3) subject to the constraint\n1\nλ1 +\n1\nλ2 +\n1\nλ3 = 0.","The vertex operator algebra W1+∞ is isomorphic as an associative algebra (after a suitable completion) with the Yangian of affine gl(1) as discussed in [26,\n7It is interesting that in the semiclassical limit, i.e. when the VOA simplifies to a Poisson vertex algebra, there is a closed-form determinantal formula for transformation between primary and quadratic basis [46] which has very similar form to the formula for Virasoro singular vectors.","12OPEs of the W1+∞ algebra in the U-basis contain only quadratic non-linearities with all the structure constants fixed in [24].","In this situation, we know\nfrom triality that there exists a free field representation of W1+∞ associated to a single free boson φ(1), but in the quadratic U -basis (which is itself conventionally associated to the third direction), there is an infinite number of non-trivial Uj generators, all expressed in terms of φ(1).","To label a generic highest weight representation of W1+∞ and its truncations, it is convenient to introduce a generating function of the highest weight charges.","B Y1,1,0 from W3\nSince it turns out that Y1,1,0 truncation of W1+∞ is a special case of W3 algebra, it is instructive to have a look how this happens at the level of the generating function of higher spin charges.","Considering Y1,1,0 algebra as truncation of W1+∞, the first singular vector in the vacuum representation appear at level 4 = 2 · 2 · 1.","Later, it was argued in [5] that the algebras can be also viewed as truncations (quotients) of the W1+∞ algebra.","Consider a set of N gl(1) currents Jj(z) with OPEs\nJj(z)Jk(w) ∼ δjk\n(z − w)2 (3.7)\nand define operators Uk(z) via\n(α0∂ + J1(z)) · · · (α0∂ + JN (z)) ≡ N∏ j=1 R (3) j (z) = N∑ k=0 Uk(z)(α0∂) N−k, (3.8)\nwhere the parameter α0 is related to the parameters of W1+∞ by (3.4).","Following the usual notion of quasi-finite representations of linear W1+∞ [17, 59], it was argued in [30] that a highest weight representation of W1+∞ has a finite number of states at level 1 if and only if generating function ψ(u) equals a ratio of two Drinfeld polynomials of the same degree.","Commuting the derivatives to the right, we find for the first three U -currents\nU1 = J1 + J2 + J3 U2 = (J1J2) + (J1J3) + (J2J3) + 2− h2\n2 (J3J3)− h2 − 1 h ∂J2 − 3h2 − 2 2h ∂J3\nU3 = (J1(J2J3)) + 2− h2\n2 (J1(J3J3)) +\n2− h2\n2 (J2(J3J3))\n+ (h2 − 2)(2h2 − 3)\n6 (J3(J3J3))−\nh 2 (J1∂J3)− h 2 (J2∂J3) (4.71)\n−h 2 − 1 h (∂J2J3) + (h2 − 2)(2h2 − 1) 2h (∂J3J3) + 2h2 − 1 6 ∂3J3\nAll the higher Uj currents are non-zero but they can be calculated in a straightforward way by calculating the OPEs of Uj with j ≤ 3 (the OPEs of Uj currents are those of W1+∞ as discussed in [24]).","Using the map between W1+∞ modes and Yangian generators [30], we can translate the fusion to Yangian variables.","4.6.1 Y1,1,0 — singlet algebra of symplectic fermion\nThe algebra Y1,1,0 is the simplest truncation ofW1+∞ which is not aWN algebra, although as we will see, it can be understood as (a simple quotient of) W3 algebra at a special value of the central charge.","(4.9)\nAnother possibility to encode the highest weight charges is in terms of the generating\nfunction of U -charges of the quadratic basis12 of W1+∞.","(3.2)\nFor these values of λi, one can define the quotient 6\nYN1,N2,N3 [Ψ] =W1+∞/IN1,N2,N3 for Ψ = − λ1 λ2 .","(4.33) To find the total stress-energy tensor of W1+∞, we first use the Miura transform to find the free field representation of U2(z):\nU2(z) = 1\n2 ∑ j≥1 ( 1− h3 hκj )( (JjJj)(z) + hκj∂Jj(z) ) + ∑ j<k (JjJk)(z) + ∑ j<k hκj∂Jk (4.34)\nfrom which we can find the total W1+∞ stress-energy tensor\nT1+∞(z) = − 1\n2 ∑ j h1h2h3 hκj (JjJj)(z) + 1 2 ∑ j<k hκk∂Jj − 1 2 ∑ j>k hκk∂Jj (4.35)\nLet us now Consider one free boson φ(κ)(z) in κ-th direction associated to elementary\nMiura factor R(κ).","(3.5)\nThe map between these parameters and the λ-parameters of W1+∞ is\nλj = − ψ0h1h2h3\nhj (3.6)\nwhere ψ0 is the first (central) element of the commutative Cartan subalgebra of the Yangian.","Starting with a highest-weight vector anihilated by all positive modes, one can show that the algebra of zero modes of truncations of W1+∞ acting on the highest weight vector is commutative [25]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":3452043484,"citingcorpusid":235874369,"citedcorpusid":21863706,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["François : Parlant de production, cela dit, je voudrais vous inviter à commenter une phrase que vous avez écrite : « L’histoire des médias est l’histoire de l’impossibilité productive de capturer ce qui existe » (J. D. Peters, 2015, p. 11).","Cela dit, il y a des degrés et j’ai trouvé à la page 178 une référence à Peirce que j’adore : « ‘l’être est une affaire de plus ou moins’, c’est un enjeu quantitatif » (J. D. Peters, 2015, p. 178).","Les médias ne sont pas des reflets du monde ; comme nous le préciserons dans ces pages, ils sont le monde » (J. D. Peters, 2015, p. 21)."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2114740044,"citingcorpusid":19178943,"citedcorpusid":6050316,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", should this person be released on bail? [27]), but also in other optimization problems."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3227808651,"citingcorpusid":229542239,"citedcorpusid":6050316,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…econometric literature has pointed out that many quasi-experiments that\n3Many of these papers compare treatments and outcomes across decision-makers, usually assuming a common ranking of cases across decision-makers (e.g., Abaluck et al., 2016; Kleinberg et al., 2018; Chandra and Staiger, 2020).","Evidence from judge bail decisions (Kleinberg et al., 2018) and clinical care (Abaluck et al., 2016; Mullainathan and Obermeyer, 2019) suggests that human experts make frequent mistakes that could be corrected by optimal guidelines, but do not analyze how guidelines impact behavior in practice."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3335267745,"citingcorpusid":234158816,"citedcorpusid":6050316,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and other data-centric tools in criminal justice (Barabas, Virza, Dinakar, Ito, & Zittrain, 2018; Brayne & Christin, 2020; Chouldechova, 2017; Kleinberg, Lakkaraju, Leskovec, Ludwig, & Mullainathan, 2018); technology-enabled consumer discrimination in the “ gig ” economy (Edelman & Luca,…"],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":3380789408,"citingcorpusid":235803295,"citedcorpusid":6050316,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In light of the debate on algorithmic fairness and bias in data (Kleinberg et al., 2015; Corbett-Davies and Goel, 2018; Kleinberg et al., 2018), algorithms trained on nonrepresentative data that are then used to derive conclusions about the general population could lead to an inefficient outcome…","In light of the debate on algorithmic fairness and bias in data (Kleinberg et al., 2015; Corbett-Davies and Goel, 2018; Kleinberg et al., 2018), algorithms trained on nonrepresentative data that are then used to derive conclusions about the general population could lead to an inefficient outcome (Bergemann et al."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":2789608739,"citingcorpusid":101993227,"citedcorpusid":7328686,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Effects of Tallow in Ruminant Diets\nRuppert et al. (2003) fed multiparous Holstein cows fitted with a ruminal cannula\nsupplemental tallow.","CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON FATS IN RUMINANT DIETS\nEffects of Yellow Grease in Ruminant Diets\nJenkins and Jenny (1989) fed eight lactating Holstein cows yellow grease (YG) or\nhydrogenated YG (HYG).","Donovan et al. (2000) reported that milk yield increased for cows fed 1% marine fish oil diets, but milk yield decreased when fish oil was fed at 3% of dietary DM. Keady et al. (2000) also reported an increase in milk yield when marine fish oil was fed at 0.9, 1.9 and 3.1% of dietary DM using diets…","Effects of Fish Oil in Ruminant Diets\nDonovan et al. (2000) fed twelve multiparous lactating Holstein cows Menhaden\nfish oil.","When marine fish oils were a source of supplemental fat, DMI was depressed when the fish oil constituted ≥ 1.6% of dietary DM (Jones et al., 1998; Donovan et al., 2000; Cant et al., 1997; Whitlock et al., 2002; Doreau and Chilliard, 1997; Chilliard and Doreau, 1997; Keady et al., 2000; AbuGhazaleh…","Several studies reported that supplemental fat increased milk production (Cant et al., 1991; Cant et al., 1993; DePeters et al., 1987; Martinez et al., 1991; Donovan et al., 2000; Keady et al., 2000; Chilliard and Doreau, 1997) but also could depress DMI.","Effects of YG and Tallow in Ruminant Diets\nAvila et al. (2000) fed four ruminally and duodenally cannulated midlactation\nHolstein cows tallow, YG or a blend of tallow and YG.","Milk production was increased (Donovan et al., 2000; Chilliard and Doreau, 1997; Keady et al., 2000), unchanged (Cant et al., 1997; Whitlock et al., 2002; AbuGhazaleh et al., 2002), or decreased (Ahnadi et al., 2002; Lacasse et al., 2002) by feeding fish oil.","This research would not have been possible without the contributions of all.\niii\nTABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... viii ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................x ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................1\nFatty Acid Metabolism .................................................................................................1 Sources and Composition of Fat in the Dairy Cow Diet ..............................................4\n2 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON FATS IN RUMINANT DIETS.....................7\nEffects of Yellow Grease in Ruminant Diets ...............................................................7 Effects of YG and Tallow in Ruminant Diets ............................................................11 Effects of Tallow in Ruminant Diets ..........................................................................14 Effects of Tallow and Fish Oil in Ruminant Diets .....................................................37 Effects of Fish Oil in Ruminant Diets ........................................................................38\n3 PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING HOLSTEIN COWS FED CATFISH OIL......46\nIntroduction.................................................................................................................46 Materials and Methods ...............................................................................................47\nCows and Diets....................................................................................................47 Collection of Samples and Analysis....................................................................48 Apparent Digestibility .........................................................................................51 Rate and Extent of Digestion...............................................................................51 Sampling and Analysis of Ruminal Fluid ...........................................................52 Statistical Analysis ..............................................................................................53\nResults and Discussion ...............................................................................................55 Diet Composition.................................................................................................55 Intake Response and Apparent Digestibility.","Effects of Tallow and Fish Oil in Ruminant Diets\nJones et al. (2000) fed four midlactation Holstein cows one of four diets that\ncontained 3% added fat (DM basis).","Milk fat concentration decreased (Donovan et al., 2000; Cant et al., 1997; Chilliard and Doreau, 1997; Keady et al., 2000; Lacasse et al., 2002; Ahnadi et al., 2002) or was unchanged (AbuGhazaleh et al., 2002) by fish oil addition.","…et al., 1998; Donovan et al., 2000; Cant et al., 1997; Whitlock et al., 2002; Doreau and Chilliard, 1997; Chilliard and Doreau, 1997; Keady et al., 2000; AbuGhazaleh et al., 2002; Lacasse et al., 2002) but was unchanged when fed at ≤ 1% of dietary DM (Donovan et al., 2000; Keady et al., 2000).","Milk protein concentration was unchanged (Donovan et al., 2000; Withlock et al., 2002; AbuGhazaleh et al., 2002; Ahnadi et al., 2002) by feeding fish oil.","Feeding fish oil caused the proportions of short chain fatty acids (C4:0 to C12:0) to decrease (Donovan et al., 2000; Lacasse et al., 2002; Anhadi et al., 2002; AbuGhazaleh et al., 2002), of C16:1 in milk fat to increase (Lacasse et al., 2002), and of C18:0 to decrease (Ahnadi et al., 2002) or be…"],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null,null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3322847790,"citingcorpusid":233641388,"citedcorpusid":96186044,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…a mass resolving power (MRP) ~6000 (Cameca NanoSIMS definition), based on the measured peak width containing 80% of the ion beam (e.g. Hoppe et al., 2013) on the 17O detector, which is sufficient to resolve the 16OH peak from that of 17O (contribution of 16OH typically ≤ 25 ppm) (Lin et al., 2014).",", 2013) on the (17)O detector, which is sufficient to resolve the (16)OH peak from that of (17)O (contribution of (16)OH typically ≤ 25 ppm) (Lin et al., 2014).","…X-ray spectrometer, and their O isotope ratios were measured by laser-assisted fluorination at the Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences following the method described in Miller et al. (1999) and Lin et al. (2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":175099245,"citingcorpusid":46793491,"citedcorpusid":51993569,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["We then calculate a player’s value above replacement, individual points/probability above replacement (iPARp) in the same manner as Baumer et al. (2015) and Thomas and Ventura (2015), by calculating a replacement level “shadow” for a particular player.","This is more desirable than comparing to average from the viewpoint of an NFL front office, as league average performance is still valuable in context (Baumer et al. 2015).","We take a similar approach to the openWAR method, defining replacement level by using a roster-based approach (Baumer et al., 2015), and estimating the replacement level effects in a manner similar to that of Thomas and Ventura (2015).","This is more desirable than comparing to average from the viewpoint of an NFL front office, as league average performance is still valuable in context (Baumer et al., 2015).","This package was inspired largely by other R packages facilitating the access of sports data such as nhlscrapR (Thomas and Ventura 2017), pitchRx (Sievert 2015), Lahman (Lahman 1996 – 2017), openWAR (Baumer et al. 2015), and ballR (Elmore and DeWitt 2017).","This leads to a lack of reproducibility that is well-documented in sports research (Baumer et al., 2015).","Similar to the approach taken by Baumer et al. (2015) for estimating the variability in their openWAR metric, we use a resampling strategy to generate distributions for each individual player’s WAR values.","Similar to Baumer et al. (2015) we address this question using our simulation approach and display the joint distribution of the two player’s 2017 performances in Figure 18.","In baseball, the R packages pitchRx (Sievert, 2015), Lahman (Lahman, 1996 – 2017), and openWAR (Baumer et al., 2015) provide tools for collecting MLB data on the pitch-by-pitch level and building out advanced player evaluation metrics.","…research involving player and team evaluation is regularly published in baseball (Albert, 2006; Jensen et al., 2009; Piette and Jensen, 2012; Baumer et al., 2015), basketball (Kubatko et al., 2007; Deshpande and Jensen, 2016), and hockey (Macdonald, 2011; Gramacy et al., 2012; Thomas et…","This leads to a lack of reproducibility that is well-documented in sports research (Baumer et al. 2015).","Third, by adopting a resampling procedure similar to that of Baumer et al. (2015), we provide estimates of uncertainty on all WAR estimates.","We use a sampling procedure similar to Baumer et al. (2015) to estimate uncertainty in each player’s seasonal WAR.","We take a similar approach to the openWAR method, defining replacement level by using a roster-based approach (Baumer et al. 2015), and estimating the replacement level effects in a manner similar to that of Thomas and Ventura (2015).","Baumer et al. (2015) argue that “replacement level” should represent a readily available player that can replace someone currently on a team’s active roster."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3160273778,"citingcorpusid":27119363,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["But, (Gunatilake, 2003) agreed on by checking the appropriate functional form and asked to use a statistical test to take a decision.","But, Gunatilake (2003) [5] agreed on by checking the appropriate functional form and asked to use a statistical test to take a decision.","In estimating it, we need to transform it in an explicit form and need to make it stochastic by adding a random error term (Gunatilake, 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3170192127,"citingcorpusid":227154400,"citedcorpusid":144754918,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Simpson and a growing group of scholars question the idea that the only way to be sovereign is to have authority/ownership of land (Rickard 2011; Taiaiake 2005; Raheja 2007; Goeman 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2025238378,"citingcorpusid":203160245,"citedcorpusid":53407450,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Such advantages include information (e.g., Biais and Gollier, 1997), monitoring (e.g., Burkart and Ellingsen, 2004), insurance (e.g., Cunat, 2007), and product quality (e.g., Lee and Stowe, 1993; Long et al., 1993).","Other advantages of supplier financing include monitoring advantages (Burkart and Ellingsen, 2004), insurance (Cunat, 2007), and product","Other advantages of supplier financing include monitoring advantages (Burkart and Ellingsen, 2004), insurance (Cunat, 2007), and product\nElectronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3444209\n14\nAs we discussed, the substitution hypothesis has two predictions."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2234030999,"citingcorpusid":73559976,"citedcorpusid":14166949,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…The result of this paper—reputational force, combined with a very small crisis probability, can make this policy\n5See, for example, IMF (2014) 6See Adam and Billi (2007), Eggertsson and Woodford (2003), Jung, Teranishi, and Watanabe (2005) among others for the value of commitment policy at the ZLB.","3See, for example, Eggertsson and Woodford (2003), Jung, Teranishi, and Watanabe (2005), Adam and Billi (2006), and Werning (2012).","The parameter values are chosen according to the parameterization of Denes, Eggertsson, and Gilbukh (2013).","Figure 3 show whether the revert-to-discretion plan is credible or not for the set of (pH , pL) ∈ PH × PL where PH is 101 equally spaced grid points between [0, 0.01] and PL is 51 equally spaced\n15See Eggertsson and Woodford (2003).","Eggertsson (2006) and Bhattarai, Eggertsson, and Gafarov (2013) have showed that, if the government has access to nominal debt, it chooses to issue nominal debt during the period of contractionary shocks so as to give the future government an incentive to lower the nominal interest rate and create inflation, and that this goes a long way toward achieving the Ramsey allocations.","However, this exercise at least suggests how powerful reputation forces\n20Kurozumi (2008) and Sunakawa (2013) similarly find that the credible region decreases with λ in the model with stabilization bias in the sense that the threshold β above which the Ramsey policy is credible increases with λ.\n21Denes, Eggertsson, and Gilbukh (2013), along with many other works using two-state Markov processes for the crisis shock, assume pH = 0 and focus on the dynamics of the economy at the zero lower bound.","Given a process of st, an outcome is said to be competitive if, for all t ≥ 1 and st ∈ St, ct(st) ∈ C := [cmin, cmax], πt(st) ∈ Π := [πmin, πmax], rt(s t) ∈ R := [rmin, rmax] and\nχcct(s t) = χcEtct+1(s t+1)− [ rt − Etπt+1(st+1) ] + st (3)\nπt = κct + βEtπt+1(s t+1) (4)\n7See, for example, Clarida, Gali, and Gertler (1999) 8See, for example, Eggertsson and Woodford (2003) and Werning (2012).","…∈ C := [cmin, cmax], πt(st) ∈ Π := [πmin, πmax], rt(s t) ∈ R := [rmin, rmax] and\nχcct(s t) = χcEtct+1(s t+1)− [ rt − Etπt+1(st+1) ] + st (3)\nπt = κct + βEtπt+1(s t+1) (4)\n7See, for example, Clarida, Gali, and Gertler (1999) 8See, for example, Eggertsson and Woodford (2003) and Werning (2012).","While many researchers have shown theoretically the value of optimal commitment policy in limiting the adverse consequences of the zero lower bound constraints, there are concerns about the effectiveness of this policy in reality, partly based on the notion that this policy is time-inconsistent.6 The result of this paper—reputational force, combined with a very small crisis probability, can make this policy\n5See, for example, IMF (2014) 6See Adam and Billi (2007), Eggertsson and Woodford (2003), Jung, Teranishi, and Watanabe (2005) among others for the value of commitment policy at the ZLB.","∗I would like to thank Klaus Adam, Roberto Chang, John Cochrane, Gauti Eggertsson, George Evans, Mark Gertler, Keiichiro Kobayashi, Takushi Kurozumi, Olivier Loisel, Nick Moschovakis, Toshihiko Mukoyama, Juan Pablo Nicolini, Georgio Primiceri, Sebastian Schmidt, Takeki Sunakawa, Pierre Yared and seminar participants at 9th Dynare Conference and Federal Reserve Board of Governors for thoughtful comments and/or helpful discussions."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3999140958,"citingcorpusid":254369883,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Tordini et al. (2018) compared the production of Northern and Central Veneto immigrants with those of monolingual speakers born and living in Italy in the same villages from which the Italo-Australian immigrants originated.","The multiple contacts within the languages of their repertoire makes the Italo-Australian speakers a natural laboratory for studying the phonetic and phonological properties of their heritage varieties and, by\n3 As reported by Rando (1990) about the presence of Italians from various communities in Italy in Australian metropolitan areas during the Post World War I period, “there are areas such as Sydney’s inner west and Melbourne’s northern suburbs where there is a distinct Italian presence, often characterized by Italian spoken in the streets, shop signs and advertising material in Italian” where “Language […] seems to be an important factor in the definition of community” and where “First generation Italian speakers show considerable language loyalty […]” (Rando, 1990, p. 9).","These few lines highlight the social and cultural, as well as linguistic importance of the data we collected from all those Italo-Australians who offered their voices and their stories to enrich their community legacy.","The complex situation of linguistic contact within the Italo-Australian community has been examined in prior studies, which have attested maintenance, shift and/ or loss in the lexicon, morpho-syntactic and pragmatic features in their regional Italian and dialects and have found both resilience and change in each domain (e.g. Bettoni, 1981, 1985, 1990a, b; Bettoni & Rubino, 1991, 1996; Caruso, 2010; Kinder, 1987; Leoni, 1990; Rubino, 1990, 2006, 2014; Walker, 2003).","Keywords Italo-Australian community · Speech corpus compilation · Automatic transcription · Annotation · Forced alignment · Language change · Sociophonetics · Multilingual speech resource","Moreover, we added a separate list of 22 words to specifically verify the resilience of retroflex coronals in the Italo-Australian community of Calabrian origin.","…the lexicon, morpho-syntactic and pragmatic features in their regional Italian and dialects and have found both resilience and change in each domain (e.g. Bettoni, 1981, 1985, 1990a, b; Bettoni & Rubino, 1991, 1996; Caruso, 2010; Kinder, 1987; Leoni, 1990; Rubino, 1990, 2006, 2014; Walker, 2003).","We then focus on the specific methodological issues we addressed in compiling a corpus of natural spontaneous speech collected in Veneto or Calabrese dialects, Italian and English from first and second generation Italo-Australian speakers originating from two specific regions in Italy (Veneto and Calabria).","The extensive contact among the languages in the repertoire of the large and varied community of Italians gave rise to a “community language” known as Italo-Australian (Andreoni, 1978; Bettoni, 1981, 1985; Bettoni & Rubino, 1996; Leoni, 1990; Rando, 1968, 1971, 1990; Tosi, 1991).","It is uncontroversial that speech differences are important sociolinguistic markers that identify speakers’ geographical and cultural roots, and that regionally differentiated phonetic and phonological speech features are foundational elements of both Italo-Australian speakers’ linguistic identities and of their “foreign accents” in English.","With the IRIAS corpus we aim to complement and extend the more frequently investigated macrostructures of lexical, syntactic and morphological interactions among immigrants’ languages and, more specifically, in the Italo-Australian community.","The general goal is to investigate whether the linguistic traces of the local roots in Veneto and Calabria remain resilient and identifiable in first and second generation Italo-Australians, by comparing their speech for features known to differ among dialects and Italian varieties spoken in those regions."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],null,null,["background"],null,["background"],null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":1127644060,"citingcorpusid":149198255,"citedcorpusid":142534375,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…in the learning and study strategies of students who engaged in Academic Coaching (Prevatt & Yelland, 2013; Parker, et al., 2011a and b; Richman et al., 2014; Field, et al., 2013), these studies did not report the effects of Academic Coaching across all 10 scales of the LASSI inventory.","Even though a few studies employed more rigorous group designs, (e.g. Field et al., 2013; Richman et al., 2014; Zwart & Kallemeyn, 2001) they presented numerous limitations including unequal number of participants in treatment groups versus the control groups, lack of","Previous quasi-experimental studies investigating Academic Coaching (Richman et al., 2014; Zwart &\n75\nKallemeyn, 2001) did not establish group equivalency or use analyses that controlled for pre-test scores.","Academic Coaching (Prevatt & Yelland, 2013; Parker, et al., 2011a and b; Richman et al., 2014; Field, et al., 2013), these studies did not report the effects of Academic Coaching across all 10 scales of the LASSI inventory.","This study was one of the few that used a rigorous group design (Field et al., 2013; Richman et al., 2014; Zwart & Kallemeyn, 2001).","Even though a few studies employed more rigorous group designs, (e.g. Field et al., 2013; Richman et al., 2014; Zwart & Kallemeyn, 2001) they presented numerous limitations including unequal number of participants in treatment groups versus the control groups, lack of\n10\nestablished group…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1153703320,"citingcorpusid":157101570,"citedcorpusid":4508665,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Despite the large body of literature about organizational features, most studies did not consider the impact of these features on students’ experiences, despite recommendations to do so (Astin & Scherrei, 1980; Baird, 1988). Berger and Milem (2000) and Terenzini and Reason (2005) urge scholars to consider organizational characteristics and behaviors when studying the impact of colleges on students, suggesting that organizational culture and context could affect behavior of its members.","Astin’s (1993) and Thompson’s (2001) measures fit this definition.","In addition, increased informal contact has long been a positive influence of satisfaction and persistence (Astin, 1984; Newcomb, Brown, Kulik, Reimer & Revelle, 1970; Pascarella & Terenzini, 1976; Theophillides & Terenzini, 1981; Terenzini, Theophilides & Lorang, 1984; Wilson, Gaff, Dienst, Wood & Bavry, 1975).","Faculty-Student Interaction Many early studies focused on faculty-student interaction within the classroom, revealing that interactions inside the classroom are very important to student outcomes (Astin, 1993; Chickering & Gamson, 1987; Pascarella & Terenzini, 1991, 2005; Tinto, 1987). Still, scholars noted that what happens outside of the classroom is just as important as what happens inside. Pascarella (1980) stated that, “The evidence suggests that what transpires between students and faculty outside of class may have a measurable, and possibly unique, positive impact on various facets of individual development during college” (p.","Astin’s (1993) and Thompson’s (2001) measures fit this definition. However, while Endo and Harpel’s (1982) formal scale can be seen as academic it is not necessarily class-related.","Decades of research reveal that faculty contact leads to numerous positive student outcomes such as increased levels of academic achievement (Anaya & Cole, 2001; Cole & Griffin, 2013), satisfaction with college (Lamport, 1993), intellectual development (Lundberg & Schreiner, 2004), personal development (Astin, 1993), persistence (Pascarella & Terenzini, 1991, 2005), and career and educational aspirations (Hathaway, Nagda, & Gregerman, 2002). Unfortunately, students are unlikely to realize the ideal of having a close relationship with a professor. While some students attend instructors’ office hours and even interact with faculty outside of class, many students do not engage in this activity on a regular basis. 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However, while Endo and Harpel’s (1982) formal scale can be seen as academic it is not necessarily class-related. Also Endo and Harpel’s informal scale includes “the number of instructors who gave academic advice” in both the formal and informal scales. Research is needed that attempts to fine tune the measures and keep them distinctive. Outcomes for formality. Formality is related to social and intellectual outcomes as well as specific academic gains. 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(1) Accommodation, providing accommodation in the form of residential buildings inhabited by the owner and partially used for rent by providing opportunities for tourists to interact in the daily life of the owner; (2) attractions are the daily lives of residents and the physical setting of village locations where tourists can actively participate such as dance, festival, competition , and other specific matters, (3) activities, such as learning something, climbing, diving (4) amenities such as institutions, souvenirs, cafes, restaurants, tour operators, souvenir shops, money changers, tourist information centers etc.","The Training Program for Tourism Awareness Groups should be sustainable and can be disseminated to the local community in order to enhance sustainable tourism awareness\nBanyuresmi Village is a Government Priority Village through the Ministry of Disadvantaged Villages and Transmigration (Ministry of Ministry) to develop\nthe tourism sector by allocating 900 million rupiah that will be realized in the development of tourism facilities.","Under the assistance of the Tourism Department, a Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) has been established named Surya Mandiri Sejahtera.","Suggestions given in the development of Banyuresmi Tourism Village are: (1) Creating an integrated tour package and preparing homestays that are in accordance with standards, tourist attractions and other things that support the development of tourism villages; 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(2) Attractions, Banyuresmi Tourism Village has various attractions such as agro tourism (bananas, mushrooms), bamboo villages such, culinary atrractions such as mina wisata (carp and catfish), and emping (Indonesian chips) and cultural tourism such as the art of debus, as well as the existence of several natural attractions just 6-7 km from Banyuresmi Village, namely Citaman pool, and Coconut Island; (3).","Suggestions 1) Creating an integrated tour package to prepare homestays that are in accordance with standards, tourist attractions and other things that support the development of tourism villages; (2) Increase knowledge about Tourism Awareness (3) Utilizing technology as a promotion tools\nKeywords—Community-based tourism, Tourism Villages, Sustainable Tourism Development\nI. 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Identification of the potential of Banyuresmi Village as a Tourism Village\nThis identification will be classified into the 5A aspecta: (1) Accommodation, In this study, we found that there is only one homestay which has lack of cleanliness and o the other facilities; (2) Attractions, Banyuresmi Tourism Village has various attractions such as agro tourism (bananas, mushrooms), bamboo villages such, culinary atrractions such as mina wisata (carp and catfish), and emping (Indonesian chips) and cultural tourism such as the art of debus, as well as the existence of several natural attractions just 6-7 km from Banyuresmi Village, namely Citaman pool, and Coconut Island; (3).","This calls for a sophisticated approach to ensure its economic sustainability (Mitchell and Hall, 2005; Hamzah and Khalifah, 2009).","Suggestions 1) Creating an integrated tour package to prepare homestays that are in accordance with standards, tourist attractions and other things that support the development of tourism villages; (2) Increase knowledge about Tourism Awareness (3) Utilizing technology as a promotion tools"],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"],null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1899576294,"citingcorpusid":55382503,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["(Semi-) metals\nLigands Ligand/MOF abbreviation\nReference\nIn situ luminescence Eu 1,4,7,10-\nTetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(methyl-phosphonate) dotp Piskula et al. (2007)\nEu 1,10-Phenanthroline phen Terraschke et al. (2016) Lindenberg et al. (2016) Al Acetylacetone acac Pienack et al. (2016a) and Pienack, Terraschke, and Bensch (2016b) Eu 2,2-Bipyridine bipy Polzin, Eliani, and Terraschke (2016)\nIn situ UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy\n3 Unangemeldet\nHeruntergeladen am | 19.04.18 14:09\nAu to\nm at\nica lly\nge ne\nra te\nd ro\nug h\nPD Fb\nyP ro\nof Ch\nec kf\nro m\nRi ve\nrV al\nle yT\nec hn\nol og\nie sL\nPt Cl− Yao et al. (2012) Eu 1,4,7,10-\nTetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic-10-(methyl-phosphonate) do3ap Táborsky et al. (2007)\nEu do3aPBP dotamBP\nProcházková et al. (2016)\nEr, Dy, Gd, Tb, La, Nd, Ce, Pr, Ho, Yb, Eu, Lu, Tm, Sm, 5-(Dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl 4-phenylsemicarbazide\ndmnp Riahi et al. (2009)\nEu 1,4,7,10- Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(methyl-phosphonate) dotp Piskula et al. (2007) Cu polyvinyl pyrrolidone PVP Nishimura et al. (2010) Co, Zn N2S(alkylthiolate)\n2-Methyl-1-[methyl-(2-pyridin-2-ylethyl)amino]propane-2-thiolate path Chang et al. (2002)\nLight transmission Al Acetylacetone acac Pienack et al. (2016a) and\nPienack, Terraschke, and Bensch (2016b)\nIn situ (energy dispersive) X-ray diffraction Cu 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylate btc\nHKUST-1 Millange et al. (2010)\nCu 4,4′,4″-Benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tris(benzoate) btb MOF-14\nMillange et al. (2010)\nLi 2,5-Thiophenedicarboxylate tdc El Osta et al. (2012) Co, Ni 2,5-Dioxoterephthalate dhtp\nCPO-27 El Osta et al. (2013)\nLi Tartrate Yeung et al. (2016) Fe 1,10-Phenanthroline phen Lei et al. (2002) Yb Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate bdc Wu et al. (2016a) Pt, Zr 2,2′-Bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylate\nBiphenyl dicarboxylate bpydc\nUiO-67\nØeien et al. (2015)\nGe 1,4-Diaminobutane Inge et al. (2012) Zn, Co, Ni 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylate\n1,4-Diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]octane bdc dabco\nWu et al. (2016b)\nCo 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylate dimethylformamide ndc DMF\nMoorhouse, Wu, and O’Hare (2016)\nNa, Al PO43−, H2O Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine\ntren MIL-74\nLoiseau et al. (2004)\nSn Tetramethylammonium tma Francis et al. (1996) Nd 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylate btc Gustafsson et al. (2008) Fe, Pt Pyrazine\nCl− pz Otsubo et al. (2012)\nFe, Pt Pyridine CN−\npy Haraguchi et al. (2016)\nPd, Zn Acetate Veligzhanin et al. (2013) Rh, Pt NH3, Cl− Shubin, Korenev, and\nSharafutdinov (2006) La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd Phosphonatobutanesulfonate Feyand et al. (2010)\nIr Imidazolate im Schweinefuß et al. (2014) Co, Sn Tris(2-amino-ethyl)amine tren Kiebach et al. (2006) Mn Thioantimonate\n1,3-Di-aminopropane N-Methyl-1,3-diaminopropane Diethylenetriamine\ndap mdap dien\nEngelke et al. (2003)\nGe OH− 1,2-Diamino-propane\n2-dap Kiebach et al. (2005)\nV, Sb 1-(2-Amino-ethylpiperazine) aep Antonova et al. (2012) Fe, Sn Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine tren Seidlhofer et al. (2012) Cu, Sn 1,5-Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-7-ene dbn Pienack, Näther, and\nBensch (2009)\n4 Unangemeldet\nHeruntergeladen am | 19.04.18 14:09\nAu to\nm at\nica lly\nge ne\nra te\nd ro\nug h\nPD Fb\nyP ro\nof Ch\nec kf\nro m\nRi ve\nrV al\nle yT\nec hn\nol og\nie sL\nMn 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylate btc Mn-MIL-100 Reinsch and Stock (2013) Cu Phosphonosulfonate Feyand et al. (2012) Zn 2-Aminoethylphosphonate\n3-Aminopropylphosphonate 4-Aminobutylphosphonate\naepa appa abpa\nSchmidt and Stock (2012)\nBi Pyromellitate Trimellitate Trimesate\npyr tri btc\nFeyand et al. (2013)\nCa Aminomethylphosphonates Schmidt et al. (2012) Cu Bis(2-carboxyethylgermanium\nsesquioxide) Schmidt and Stock (2011)\nCa, Ni Phosphonocarboxylate Schilling and Stock (2014) Al 1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylate cdc\nCAU-13 Niekiel et al. (2013)\nAl Terephthalate bdc CAU-1\nAhnfeldt et al. (2011) Ahnfeldt and Stock (2012)\nIn situ pH measurement Al Acetylacetone acac Pienack et al. (2016a) and\nPienack, Terraschke, and Bensch (2016b)\nEu 1,10-Phenanthroline phen Terraschke et al. (2016) Lindenberg et al. (2016) Eu 2,2-Bipyridine bipy Polzin, Eliani, and Terraschke (2016)\nIn situ conductivity Eu 1,10-Phenanthroline phen Terraschke et al. (2016)\nLindenberg et al. (2016) Eu 2,2-Bipyridine bipy Polzin, Eliani, and\nTerraschke (2016) In situ redox potential Al Acetylacetone acac Pienack et al. (2016a) and\nPienack, Terraschke, and Bensch (2016b)\nIn situ infrared spectroscopy Fe 2,6-Bis(2-mercaptophenylthio-methyl)-4-R-pyridine) RNPyS4 Song et al. (2016) Al Acetylacetone acac Pienack et al. (2016a) and\nPienack, Terraschke, and Bensch (2016b)\nEu 1,10-Phenanthroline phen Terraschke et al. (2016) Lindenberg et al. (2016) Ni CO Sarkar et al. (2014) Re H+\nTripodal polyphosphane NP3 Albinati et al. (2002)\nIn situ Raman spectroscopy Np O2−, Cl−, H2O Jin (2016) In situ optical microscopy Pb DMF, DMSO Bae et al. (2015) In situ X-ray absorption (XAS) Pd, Ir NH3, Cl- Asanova et al. (2013) Pd, Zn Acetate Veligzhanin et al. (2013) Au Cl− Yao et al. (2010) Cu 2,9-Dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline dmp Elder et al. (1988) Co, Sn Tris(2-amino-ethyl)amine tren Kiebach et al. (2006) In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Pd, Ir NH3, Cl− Asanova et al. (2013) Cr CN− Jung and Czanderna (1994) In situ small angle and wide angle X-ray scattering Pd, Sn Cl− St. John et al. (2013) In situ photoemission spectroscopy (PES) Pt, Pd Oxalate Zadesenets et al. (2013) In situ dynamic light scattering (DLS) Zr O2−, OH−, H2O\nGlycine gly Pappas et al. (2009)\n5 Unangemeldet\nHeruntergeladen am | 19.04.18 14:09\nAu to\nm at\nica lly\nge ne\nra te\nd ro\nug h\nPD Fb\nyP ro\nof Ch\nec kf\nro m\nRi ve\nrV al\nle yT\nec hn\nol og\nie sL\nZr OH− Glycolic acid\nHgly Fitzgerald et al. (2009)\nIn situ resonant inelastic scattering (RIXS) spectroscopy Fe Cl−, H+, H2O Bauer and Gastl (2010) In situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) Ru 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide [BMIm][DCA] Mann et al. (2008) In situ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy Co, Zn N2S(alkylthiolate)\n2-Methyl-1-[methyl-(2-pyridin-2-ylethyl)amino]propane-2-thiolate PATH Chang et al. (2002)\nAl Trimesate btc Haouas et al. (2012)\nBlanks indicate relevant information not supplied in the literature.","…Elder et al. (1988) Co, Sn Tris(2-amino-ethyl)amine tren Kiebach et al. (2006) In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Pd, Ir NH3, Cl− Asanova et al. (2013) Cr CN− Jung and Czanderna (1994) In situ small angle and wide angle X-ray scattering Pd, Sn Cl− St. John et al. (2013) In situ…"],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4726595006,"citingcorpusid":268603916,"citedcorpusid":31989103,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…functions for the holobiont, promoting its growth and increasing tolerance against biotic and abiotic stressors, as well as for the ecosystem, decomposing crop residues and contributing to nutrient cycling (Chaparro et al., 2012; Mendes and Raaijmakers, 2015; Vandenkoornhuyse et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2250807168,"citingcorpusid":89732695,"citedcorpusid":193868072,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The same authors therefore soon after made a formal petition to the ICZN (McCord and Pritchard 2003) requesting that Chitra chitra should receive priority over Chitra selenkae whenever the two are considered synonyms, a petition that was accepted by the ICZN (Opinion 2119, ICZN 2005).","Trionyx stormsi is based on four costal fragments that were never figured, but briefly described (Delheid 1899), and this action therefore fulfills the minimum requirements of the ICZN (1999) for the availability of names published prior to 1931.","Although the first spelling has page priority over the latter, a criterion not explicitly demanded by the ICZN (1999), we here give preference to the latter, because it is grammatically correct, appeared in the etymology section, and is also more widespread in the literature (e.g., Sacco 1889; Hummel 1929, 1932).","Chkhikvadze (1995) initially introduced the name Crassithecachelys phirusae, but this action was not accompanied by a description, and this name therefore does not qualify for nomenclatural purposes (ICZN 1999).","We here concur with this assessment and consider T. oligocenica to be a nomen nudum, especially considering that neither Negri (1892) nor Hummel (1929), Bergounioux (1934b), or Kuhn (1964) made the name available according to the rules of the ICZN (1999).","Kotsakis’s (1977) initial conclusion that T. italicus is a nomen oblitum does not fulfill the requirements of the ICZN (1999), as the name T. italicus was used as a valid nomen multiple times over the course of the 20th century (e.g., Heritsch 1909; Teppner 1913; Hummel 1929, 1932; Kuhn 1964).","As Gray (1831) provided an indication to a previous description, his action complies with the rules of ICZN (1999) for the availability of a new name established prior to 1931.","Trinil, Java, Indonesia (Jaekel 1911); Trinil Formation, Pleistocene (McCord and Pritchard 2002, 2003; Rhodin et al. 2015).","Trionyx partschii was first mentioned by Fitzinger (1836), but this action was not accompanied by a description, definition, or indication and therefore does not fulfill the standards of ICZN (1999) for availability of taxonomic names.","However, even if the cause of Chkhikvadze (2000a) was just, it is clear according to the rules of the ICZN (1999) that Paraplastomenus has priority over Crassithecachelys.","Although the associated descriptions are extremely brief, they fulfill the minimum requirements of the ICZN (1999) for the creation of an available name.","Broin (1977) reported the presence of carapace fragments in the collections of MNHN that bear the label “Trionyx armissansis Gervais,” which apparently pertain to the pan-trionychid from Armissan described and figured by Gervais (1867–1869), but this name only appears in a museum label and does not meet the standards of ICZN (1999) for availability.","However, given that Gray (1831) provided neither a description nor a definition nor an indication (i.e., a reference to a description or definition), Trionyx dodunii must be considered to be a nomen nudum (ICZN 1999).","Gray (1831) soon after used a slightly different spelling of that name, T. manouri, as valid and referred to the work of Cuvier (1821–1824) and thereby made that name available (ICZN 1999).","Gray (1831) provided a name and an indication to the description of Cuvier (1821–1824) and thus formally made this name available (ICZN 1999).","Trinil, Java, Indonesia (Jaekel 1911); Trinil Formation, Pleistocene (McCord and Pritchard 2002).","The name conversely does not need to be Latinized through the removal of the German umlaut, as required by the ICZN (1999) for available names.","A few years later, Chkhikvadze (2008b) published the name Altaytrionyx phirusae together with a figure of the only known specimen, but a description was still lacking, and this name too cannot be considered for nomenclatural purposes (ICZN 1999).","Chitra selenkae Jaekel, 1911 (new species); Chitra indica Chitra selenkae Karl 1987 (junior synonym); Chitra chitra Chitra selenkae ICZN 2005 (suppressed senior synonym).","Chkhikvadze (2008b) initially introduced this name along with a figure of what would later become the holotype, but he did not provide a description, and this contribution therefore does not qualify for nomenclatural purposes (ICZN 1999).","This name may be short lived, as future work may support the referral of both species to two genera once again, but could be maintained permanently, if a petition is submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).","We nevertheless refer authorship to Reinach (1900) according to the rules of the ICZN (1999).","The type description of Rafetus yexiangkuii does not include any figures, but a description and diagnosis are present (Chkhikvadze 1999b), and this name therefore fulfills the minimum requirements of the ICZN (1999) for the availability of names published prior to 2000.","The name T. lockardi there-\nfore does not fulfill the minimum requirements of ICZN (1999), and the name is not available (see T. dodunii), much as Gervais (1859), Hummel (1929, 1932), and Broin (1977) noted before.","In our opinion, De Gregorio (1883) fulfilled the minimum requirements of ICZN (1999) by listing a single character, which is the size of the holotype specimen (CL of 25 cm).","It is therefore apparent that Trionyx cliftii does not fulfill the minimum requirements of the ICZN (1999) for names published prior to 1931, and it must therefore be considered a nomen nudum."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":4395518066,"citingcorpusid":92149730,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Hierbei wechselwirkt ein relativistisch starkes Laserfeld mit einer dünnen Plasmaschicht [98].","Die Erzeugung solcher APT’s mit ihren hohen Intensitäten und den kurzen Pulsdauern ist anspruchsvoll, erscheint aber durch Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Wechselwirkung von starken Laserfeldern mit überdichten Plasmen in naher Zukunft möglich zu sein [98, 99]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2250808804,"citingcorpusid":89732695,"citedcorpusid":129913777,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Left bank of Sarykungoi Spring, Kylodzhun ( Klaudzin), Osh Province, Kyrgyzstan (Nessov 1995b; Vitek and Danilov 2010; Figure 3); Alamyshik Formation, Albian, Early Cretaceous (Danilov and Vitek 2013).","6a, b; Danilov and Vitek 2013, fig.","Kyrkkuduk well ( Sary-Agach Kyrkkuduk I), South Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan (Riabinin 1938; Kordikova 1994b); Syuk-Syuk Formation or lower part of Darbaza Formation, Santonian or Campanian, Late Cretaceous (Kordikova 1994b; Danilov and Vitek 2013).","79; Danilov and Vitek 2013, fig.","3gg; Danilov and Vitek 2013, fig.","17.27; Danilov and Vitek 2013, fig.","This conclusion is supported by the recent report of a rather similar or even conspecific form from the late Turonian of Dzharakuduk, Uzbekistan, which also happens to be the type locality of Khunnuchelys kizylkumensis (Danilov and Vitek 2013).","…has improved dramatically over the course of the last few years through a series of papers (Vitek and Danilov 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015; Danilov and Vitek 2012, 2013; Danilov et al. 2014; Danilov, Sukhanov et al. 2015; Danilov, Vitek et al. 2015) that revised many pan-trionychid faunas…","4–8; Nessov 1997, pl. 13.18; Danilov and Vitek 2013, fig.","Khunnuchelys erinhotensis is known only from a single, highly distinctive skull from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of China (Brinkman et al. 1993; Danilov and Vitek 2013).","Hekou, Ninghua County, Fujian ( Fuchien) Province, China (Yeh 1974; Brinkman et al. 2008; Figure 4); unknown Formation, Cretaceous (epoch and age unclear) (Brinkman et al. 2008; Danilov and Vitek 2013).","…lamadongensis from the Aptian of Liaoning, China, (Li, Joyce, and Liu 2015); “T.” jixiensis from the Aptian/Albian (slashes used herein connote “or”) of Heilongjiang, China (Li, Tong et al. 2015); and Petrochelys kyrgyzensis from the Albian of Kyrgyzstan (Nessov 1995b; Danilov and Vitek 2013).","2; Danilov and Vitek 2013, fig.","5b, c; Danilov and Vitek 2013, fig.","8; Danilov and Vitek 2013, fig.","2, pl. 3; Danilov and Vitek 2013, fig."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],null,null,null,["result"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":2250809059,"citingcorpusid":89732695,"citedcorpusid":134550587,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Eurycephalochelys fowleri Moody and Walker, 1970\nnomen invalidum (junior synonym of Axestemys vittata\n[Pomel, 1847])\nTaxonomic history.","The specimen to which Dollo (1909) was referring has since been identified as consisting of a shell, postcranial elements, and skull fragments (Moody and Walker 1970) as it is labeled under this name in the collections of the IRSNB.","BMNH R8445 (holotype), an almost complete skull, without the lower jaw (Moody and Walker 1970, figs.","East Wittering, West Sussex, United Kingdom; Wittering Formation, Bracklesham Series, late Ypresian, early Eocene (Moody and Walker 1970; Walker and Moody 1985).","Over the course of the second half of the 20th century, only few additional taxa were named from Europe (e.g., Hernández Sampelayo and Bataller 1944; Gramann 1956; Moody and Walker 1970; Walker and Moody 1974; Broin 1977; Rieppel 1979; Gemel 2002).","Trieu de Leval, Hainaut, Belgium (Dollo 1909; Moody and Walker 1970); Tienen Formation, MP 7, early Ypresian, early Eocene (Delfino and Smith 2009).","Axestemys vittata (Pomel, 1847), comb. nov. ( Eurycephalochelys fowleri Moody and\nWalker, 1970)\nTaxonomic history.","Moody and Walker (1970) and Walker and Moody (1985) repeatedly ascertained the distinctness of their taxon relative to material from the European mainland, but we here synonymize it with Axestemys vittata (see above).","Eurycephalochelys fowleri is based on a large skull with a total length of 21.5 cm (Moody and Walker 1970), but a much larger and better-preserved specimen was more recently described from the same formation with a 23.4 cm length from the premaxilla to occipital condyle only (Walker and Moody 1985).","The only other pan-trionychid that has been recovered from Bracklesham, West Sussex, is Axestemys vittata (Moody and Walker 1970; Walker and Moody 1985), which is known to have a significantly different postcranial anatomy (see Axestemys vittata and Eurycephalochelys fowleri above).","…species: Plastomenus mlynarskii Chkhikvadze, 1970)\nDrazinderetes Head et al., 1999 (type species: Drazinderetes tethyensis Head et al., 1999)\nEurycephalochelys Moody and Walker, 1970 (type species: Eurycephalochelys fowleri Moody and Walker, 1970)\nFrancedebroinella Chkhikvadze, 1999a (type…","…Head et al., 1999 (type species: Drazinderetes tethyensis Head et al., 1999)\nEurycephalochelys Moody and Walker, 1970 (type species: Eurycephalochelys fowleri Moody and Walker, 1970)\nFrancedebroinella Chkhikvadze, 1999a (type species: Plastomenus minusculus Chkhikvadze, 1973)\nGobiapalone…","…time periods (see Systematic Paleontology), we here only recognize seven as valid, in particular the early Eocene Axestemys vittata (Pomel 1847; Moody and Walker 1970; Broin 1977) and “Trionyx” silvestris (Walker and Moody 1974; Broin 1977) from Belgium, France, and the United Kingdom; the…","Although T. erquelinnensis and T. levalensis are based on beautifully preserved specimens, we agree with Moody and Walker (1970) and Broin (1977) that these are nomina nuda (see below), and we therefore disregard them from consideration.","Bracklesham, West Sussex, United Kingdom (Lydekker 1889a); Bracklesham Beds, late Ypresian, early Eocene (Moody and Walker 1970).","…on the presence of some of the oldest known pan-trionychid material from Europe under the name Trionyx levalensis, but he did not provide a description, definition, or indication, and this name must therefore be considered a nomen nudum, as already noted by Moody and Walker (1970) and Broin (1977).","Eurycephalochelys fowleri Moody and Walker, 1970 (new species); Erycephalochelys fowleri Benton and Spencer 1995 (incorrect spelling of genus name).","…associated with the remains of large-bodied pan-trionychids from early Eocene deposits throughout Belgium, southern England, and northern France, in particular Trionyx vittatus Pomel, 1847, T. erquelinnensis Dollo 1909, T. levalensis Dollo 1909, and Eurycephalochelys fowleri Moody and Walker, 1970."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1084235098,"citingcorpusid":132197435,"citedcorpusid":31872375,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["While none of the articles reviewed stated whether their medical gauze was woven or non-woven, three of the articles stated the use of cotton gauze (Bernard et al., 2008; Lu et al., 2000; Lu et al., 2013), four articles stated the use of rayon gauze (Bradman et al.","25\nTables\nTable V - Summary of Surface Wipe Sample Methods from Controlled Exposure Measurement Studies\nReference Wipe\nMaterial\nPre-\nTreatment\nof Wipes\nWetting Solvent Surface Type Wipe Pattern Storage Analytical Method Pesticide Class\n(Bernard et\nal., 2008)\nCotton gauze pads 10 cm ×\n10 cm\nN/A 10 ml of\nIPA\nCollection area\n8.5 cm x 8.5 cm (ceramic\ntile, hard\nwood, vinyl tile) and low\npile carpet\nHard surfaces:\nHorizontal\nfrom left-to-\nright and\nvertical from top-to-bottom\nN/A\nGas\nChromatograph/Mass\nSpectrometer\nOrganophosphate,\nPyrethroid,\nPhenylpyrazole\n(Cettier et al., 2015)\n11 cm x 21 cm\ncellulose\nwipes\nDCM 10 mL\nof IPA\nCollection area 40 cm x 40 cm (tile, laminate, and hardwood)\nSmall circular motion in a Z-\nshape; stored\nin sterile Pyrex\nErlenmeyer flask at 4oC\nSterile Pyrex\nErlenmeyer flask at 4oC\nGas\nChromatograph/Mass\nSpectrometer and High Performance\nLiquid\nChromatography/Mass\nSpectrophotometer\nOrganochlorine,\nTriazole,\nOrganophosphate,\nPyrethroid, Carbamate,\nChloroacetamid,\nChloroacetamide,\nMorpholine, Straobilurin,\nAnylinopyrimidine,\nBenzoylurea,\nCyanoacetamide,\nOxime,\nDinitroanilinine,\nDinitrophenol, Neonicotinoid,\nPhenol,\nPhenylpiridinamine,\nPhenylpyrazole,\nPhenylpyrrole,\nPhenylurea, Phtalimide,\nPiperonyl\n26\nTable V - Summary of Surface Wipe Sample Methods from Controlled Exposure Measurement Studies (cont.)","In the controlled laboratory studies, IPA proved to have superior collection efficiencies for a multitude of pesticides across different wiping materials and surfaces (Bernard et al., 2008; Cettier et al., 2015; Deziel et al., 2011; Mohan & Weisel., 2010).","Gas\nChromatograph/Mass\nSpectrometer\nPyrethroid\n(Starr et al.,\n2014)\nWoven\ncotton wipes\n4\" x4\"\nIPA and\nhexane 6 mL IPA\nCollection\narea 929 cm2\nuncarpeted\nFloor\nOverlapping\npattern\nAmber Jars\nstored at -\n20oC\nGas\nChromatograph/Mass\nSpectrometer\nPhenylpyrazole,\nCarbamate, Pyrethroid,\nOrganophosphate\nN/A = Not Available DCM = Dichloromethane\n27\nTable VI - Summary of Surface Wipe Sample Methods from Agriculture Housing Exposure Measurement Studies\nReference Wipe\nMaterial\nPre-\nTreatment\nof Wipes\nWetting Solvent Surface Type\nWipe\nPattern Storage Analytical Method Pesticide Class\n(Arcury et al., 2014)\nSterile 4” x 4” dressing\ngauze\nN/A\n2 ml of\npesticide\ngrade IPA\nCollection area 50 cm x 50 cm\nuncarpeted\nFloor\nUnspecified wipe pattern\nSterile\namber glass bottles in a\ncooler\nGas\nChromatograph/Mass\nSpectrometer\nOrganophosphate\nand Pyrethroid\n(Bradman et\nal., 2007)\n10 cm x 10 cm Johnson and Johnson SOF-WICK\nrayon\ndressing sponges\nN/A\n10 mL\nreagent-\ngrade IPA\nCollection area 30 cm x 30 cm\nuncarpeted\nfloor\nUnspecified wipe pattern\nStored on\nice\nGas\nChromatograph/Mass\nSpectrometer\nOrganophosphate,\nPyrethroid,\nOrganochlorine,\nHerbacide, Fungacide\n(Curwin et\nal., 2005)\nTwo 4\" x 4\" Johnson and\nJohnson\nSOF-WICK\nsponges\nN/A 10 mL of\nIPA\nCollection area\n1 ft x 1 ft\n(uncarpeted\nfloor, steering\nwheel, and\nwashing\nmachine)\nFour adjacent\noverlapping\nwipes\nperpendicular to each other\nStored in\namber glass\njar\nGas\nChromatograph/Mass\nSpectrometer\nOrganophosphate,\nTriazine,\nChloroacetanilide,\nHerbacide\n28\nTable VI – Summary of Surface Wipe Sample Methods from Agriculture Housing Exposure Measurement Studies (cont.)","A study by Bernard et al. (2008) compared a press sampler and solvent moistened wipes on household surfaces in a controlled laboratory environment.","have superior collection efficiencies for a multitude of pesticides across different wiping materials and surfaces (Bernard et al., 2008; Cettier et al., 2015; Deziel et al., 2011; Mohan & Weisel., 2010).","From these studies’ collection efficiencies, it would seem that smooth, hard, and non-porous surfaces are the ideal surface type for the collection of pesticides (Bernard et al., 2008; Cettier et al., 2015; Deziel et al., 2011; Mohan & Weisel, 2010).","Reference Wipe\nMaterial\nPre-\nTreatment\nof Wipes\nWetting Solvent\nSurface\nType\nWipe\nPattern Storage Analytical Method Pesticide Class\n(Deziel et al., 2011)\n9\" x 9\"\nTwillwipe sectioned into 4.5\" x\n4.5\" and\nPre-\npackaged\nGhost wipes\n6\" x 6\"\nTwillwipes\ncleaned with\nsuperclean water, IPA, and hexane\n2 mL of\nIPA or DI\nwater\nCollection\narea 1ft2 (stainless\nsteel)\nOverlapping\nS-shape\nAmber glass jar at -20 oC\nGas\nChromatograph/Mass\nSpectrometer\nOrganochlorine,\nPyrethroid,\nPhenylPyrazole,\nPiperonyl\n(Mohan &\nWeisel,\n2010)\nCircular\nWhatman\nfilter\nN/A 0.7 mL\nwater\nCollection\narea 100 cm2\n(hard\nsurfaces, rug, seat cushion)\nSprayed with water, rotated\n90o\nStored in\nrefrigerator.","Four of these articles examined surface wipe sampling techniques to determine their efficacy to collect pesticide residue from hard surfaces (Bernard et al., 2008; Cettier et al., 2015; Deziel et al., 2011; Mohan & Weisel, 2010).","As for carpeting, most agree that an HVS3 or a modified vacuum cleaner is the preferred and superior method for collecting SDRs from carpet (Billets, 2007; Bernard et al., 2008; Julien et al., 2008).","Reference Wipe Material\nPre-\nTreatment\nof Wipes\nWetting Solvent\nSurface\nType\nWipe\nPattern Storage Analytical Method Pesticide Class\n(Obendorf\net al., 2006)\nWhatman filter\npaper N/A\n70/30 (by\nvolume) methanol\nand DI\nwater\nCollection area 0.372\nm2\nuncarpeted\nfloor, tables,\nshelves and windowsills\nFloor: 4\nstrokes leftto-right and\nback-andforth; Flat\nsurfaces:\nwiped in two\ndirections\nStored in\nglass\ncontainer in cooler\nGas\nChromatograph/Mass\nSpectrometer\nOrganophosphate,\nPyrethroid,\nTriazine,\nChloroacetanilide,\nCarbamate,\nAryloxyalkanoic\nAcid, Benzoic\nAcid,\nCloroacetanilide,\nPyridinecarboxylic\nAcid,\nDintroaniline\n(Stout et\nal., 2009)\n10 cm x 10 cm Excilon rayon\nsurgical sponges\nDCM and\nhexane\n6 mL of\nIPA\nCollection\narea 929 cm2\nuncarpeted\nFloor\nSide-to-side\nS or Z pattern\nStored in\njar in\ncooler\nGas\nChromatograph/Mass\nSpectrometer\nOrganophosphate,\nPyrethroid,\nOrganochlorine, Phenylpyrazole,\nInsecticide\nsynergist\n(Tulve et al., 2006)\n4\" x 4\" Johnson\nand Johnson SOF-WICK\nrayon dressing\nsponges\nN/A 10 mL of\nIPA\nCollection\narea 929 cm2\nuncarpeted floor, desk,\ntabletop\nS-shape pattern\nwiping leftto-right and right-to-left\nStored in\nclean\namber jar\nGas\nChromatograph/Mass\nSpectrometer\nOrganophosphate,\nPyrethroid,\nPhenylpyrazole,\nInsecticide\nsynergist\n(Tulve et al., 2008)\nJohnson &\nJohnson SOF-\nWICK rayon\ndressing sponges\nN/A 10 mL of\nIPA\nCollection\narea 929 cm2\nuncarpeted\nfloor\nUnspecified\nfor pattern N/A\nGas\nChromatograph/Mass\nSpectrometer\nPyrethroid,\nPyrethrin, Pipernyl,\nOrganophosphate,\nPhenylpyrazole\nN/A = Not Available DCM = Dichloromethane\n31\nDiscussion\nComparison of Wipe Sampling Methods\nA total of eighteen published articles were reviewed that used surface wipes to\ncharacterize pesticides in the environment or in a controlled laboratory setting.","An alternative to this is to consider using one wetted wipe followed by a dry wipe to recover any residual solvent similar to the method applied in Bernard et al. (2008).","(Bernard et al., 2008) Cotton gauze pads 10 cm × 10 cm N/A 10 ml of IPA Collection area 8.","In eleven out of the eighteen studies, medical gauze was chosen as the wiping material\n(Acury et al., 2014; Bernard et al., 2008; Bradman et al., 2007; Clifton et al., 2013; Curwin et al 2005; Julien et al., 2008; Lu et al., 2000; Lu et al., 2013; Stout et al., 2009; Tulve et al., 2006; Tulve et…","A comparison study by Bernard et al. (2008) evaluated the efficiencies of a modified press sampler against solvent moistened gauze pads to collect pesticide residues from different surface types.","While none of the articles reviewed stated whether their medical gauze was woven or non-woven, three of the articles stated the use of cotton gauze (Bernard et al., 2008; Lu et al., 2000; Lu et al., 2013), four articles stated the use of rayon gauze (Bradman et al., 2007; Stout et al., 2009; Tulve…","Reference Wipe\nMaterial\nPre-\nTreatment\nof Wipes\nWetting Solvent Surface Type\nWipe\nPattern Storage Analytical Method Pesticide Class\n(Lu et al.,\n2000)\nSterile 4\" x\n4\" all-cotton\ngauze pads\nN/A 1-2 mL\n100% IPA\nCollection area 50 cm x 50 cm\n(uncarpeted Floor, work\nboots, steering\nwheel)\n3 vertical and\nhorizontal\nstrokes\nStored in\ncooler\nGas\nChromatograph/Mass\nSpectrometer\nOrganophosphate\n(Quandt et\nal., 2004) Sponges N/A N/A\nCollected from two to four 18\" square sections (0.42-0.84 m2) for uncarpeted\nfloors\nUnspecified wipe pattern N/A\nGas\nChromatograph/Mass\nSpectrometer\nOrganophosphate,\nPyrethroid,\nOrganochlorine,\nCarbamate,\nHerbacide\nN/A = Not Available\n29\nTable VII - Summary of Surface Wipe Sample Methods from Urban and Residential Housing Exposure Measurement Studies\nReference Wipe Material\nPre-\nTreatment\nof Wipes\nWetting Solvent\nSurface\nType\nWipe\nPattern Storage Analytical Method Pesticide Class\n(Boyle et al., 2015)\nGhost Wipes pre-packaged\npolyvinyl\nalcohol wipes\nN/A\nPre-wetted with water\nby\nmanufacturer\ncollection area 1-ft2\nuncarpeted\nfloor\nUnspecified\nfor pattern N/A\nGas\nChromatograph/Mass\nSpectrometer\nOrganophosphate,\nPyrethroid,\nPhenylpyrazole, Organochlorine,\nInsecticide\nsynergist\n(Clifton et al., 2013)\n4\" x 4\" cotton\nTwillwipes\nIPA and\nhexane 6 mL of IPA\nCollection area 48\" x\n48\" kitchen\nand 40\" x 40\"\nmain living\narea\nuncarpeted\nfloor and windows\nUnspecified\npattern\nStored in\npre-\ncleaned\namber jars\nin cooler\nGas\nChromatograph/Mass\nSpectrometer\nOrganophosphate\nand Pyrethroid\n(Julien et al., 2008)\n58 cm2 Johnson\n& Johnson\nsterile gauze\nN/A 5 mL of IPA\nCollection\narea 929 cm2\nVinyl floor\nUnspecified\npattern\nStored in\namber jars\nin cooler\nGas\nChromatograph/Mass\nSpectrometer\nOrganophosphate\nand Pyrethroid\n(Lu et al.,\n2013)\n3\" x 3\" sterile\ncotton gauze\npads\nN/A ~2 mL IPA\nCollection\narea 30 cm x\n30 cm\nuncarpeted\nfloor and\nkitchen counter\n3 vertical\nand\nhorizontal\nstrokes\nStored in\ncooler\nGas\nChromatograph/Mass\nSpectrometer\nOrganophosphate\nand Pyrethroid\n30\nTable VII – Summary of Surface Wipe Sample Methods from Urban and Residential Housing Exposure Measurement Studies (cont.)","…Studies\nReference Wipe\nMaterial\nPre-\nTreatment\nof Wipes\nWetting Solvent Surface Type Wipe Pattern Storage Analytical Method Pesticide Class\n(Bernard et\nal., 2008)\nCotton gauze pads 10 cm ×\n10 cm\nN/A 10 ml of\nIPA\nCollection area\n8.5 cm x 8.5 cm (ceramic\ntile, hard\nwood, vinyl tile) and…","A comparison study by Bernard et al. 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{"citationid":1871176210,"citingcorpusid":49741021,"citedcorpusid":21761253,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["001), which was consistent with the GWAS carried out in China and Europe [12, 13, 15].","Miura K [7] 2016 Japan 214 288 PCR-SBT DPB1∗02:01, DPB1∗02:02, DPB1∗03:01, DPB1∗04:01, DPB1∗04:02, DPB1∗05:01, DPB1∗13:01, rs4282438 Jia M [8] 2016 China 593 4074 TaqMan assay rs4282438, rs9277535, rs3117027, rs3077 Yang YC [9] 2015 Taiwan 473 676 PCR, sequencing DPB1∗02:01, DPB1∗02:02, DPB1∗03:01, DPB1∗04:01, DPB1∗05:01, DPB1∗13:01, rs9277535 Chen D [10] 2014 Sweden 1034 3948 PCR, sequencing DPB1∗02:01, DPB1∗03:01, DPB1∗04:01, DPB1∗04:02, DPB1∗13:01, rs4282438, rs3117027 Chen D [11] 2013 Sweden 2215 5072 GENios Pro platform rs3117027 Jiang J [12] 2013 China 2317 2109 TaqMan assay rs9277535, rs3077 Shi Y [13] 2013 China 5531 10224 Affymetrix Axiom Genome-Wide CHB1 Array rs4282438 Zhang K [14] 2013 China 831 573 TaqMan assay rs9277535, rs3077 Ivansson EL [15] 2011 Sweden 1076 1426 Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array DPB1∗02:01, DPB1∗03:01, DPB1∗04:01, DPB1∗04:02, DPB1∗05:01 Liang J [16] 2008 China 126 88 PCR-SBT DPB1∗02:0102, DPB1∗02:02, DPB1∗03:0101, DPB1∗04:0101, DPB1∗05:01, DPB1∗13:01","All the included studies were conducted in Europe or Asia.","The results showed that HLA-DPB1∗13:01 was significantly associated with cervical cancer, and HLADPB1∗03:01 showed a tendency of association with an increased risk of cervical cancer in Asia, while HLADPB1∗02:01, DPB1∗04:01, and DPB1∗05:01 were not associated with cervical cancer in Asia either, which implies that some alleles have the same effect in Asia and Europe.","For example, in two GWAS focusing on the investigation of susceptibility loci for cervical cancer in Europe, Chen D reported that HLA-DPB1∗04:02 and rs3117027 G allele were significantly associated with a decreased risk of cervical cancer risk, while HLA-DPB1∗03:01 was significantly associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer risk, and HLA-DPB1∗02:01, DPB1∗04:01, DPB1∗13:01, and rs4282438 were not associated\nwith cervical cancer risk [10, 11].","Recently, a number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed to investigate the association between specific HLA II alleles and cervical cancer in Asia and Europe [7, 11, 13, 15], and many case-control studies have reported the association of HLA-DPA1, DPB1, and DPB2 with cervical cancer.","Based on the\nresults, we found that HLA-DPB1∗04:02 and rs3117027 G allele were strongly related to cervical cancer as protective factors (95%CI: 0.652-0.848, Pz=0.001; 95%CI: 0.745-0.837, Pz=0.001), while HLA-DPB1∗03:01 might be regarded as risk factors (95%CI: 1.116-1.403, Pz=0.001), which was consistent with the GWAS carried out in China and Europe [12, 13, 15].","Though not significant, HLA-DPB1∗13:01 showed a tendency of association with an increased risk of cervical\ncancer in Europe and Asia (OR=1.518, 95%CI: 0.954-2.416, Pz=0.078)."],"intents":[["result"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":2430362799,"citingcorpusid":33396214,"citedcorpusid":22196175,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2002) or in response to long-term changes in water availability in a same population (Cinnirella et al., 2002; Carter & White, 2009; Limousin et al., 2010a, 2012).","…a response is likely due to phenotypic plasticity, as deduced from results in common garden studies (Gartner, 1991; Maherali et al., 2002) or in response to long-term changes in water availability in a same population (Cinnirella et al., 2002; Carter & White, 2009; Limousin et al., 2010a, 2012)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":454848955,"citingcorpusid":23049561,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Bot. Fennici 5, 169±211. Assing, V. (1993) Zur Bionomie von Xantholinus rheanus Coi€. und anderen bodenbewohnenden Xantholinien (Col. Staphylinidae) in Nordwestdeutschland. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 120, 13±38. Austin, M.P. (1986) The theoretical basis of vegetation science. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1, 161±4. Austin, M.P. (1991) Vegetation theory in relation to cost-ecient surveys.","Bot. Fennici 5, 169±211. Assing, V. (1993) Zur Bionomie von Xantholinus rheanus Coi€. und anderen bodenbewohnenden Xantholinien (Col. Staphylinidae) in Nordwestdeutschland. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 120, 13±38. Austin, M.P. (1986) The theoretical basis of vegetation science. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1, 161±4. Austin, M.P. (1991) Vegetation theory in relation to cost-ecient surveys. In Nature Conservation: Cost E€ective Biological Surveys and Data Analysis (C.R. Margules and M.P. Austin, eds) pp. 17±63. East Melbourne, Victoria: CSIRO. Benick, L. (1952) PilzkaÈfer und KaÈferpilzen. OÈ kologische und statistische Untersuchungen. Acta Zool. Fennica 70, 1±250. Berg, AÊ ., EhnstroÈm, B., Gustafsson, L., HallingbaÈck, T., Jonsell, M. and Weslien, J. (1994) Threatened plant, animal, and fungus species in Swedish forests: distribution and habitat associations.","Bot. Fennici 5, 169±211. Assing, V. (1993) Zur Bionomie von Xantholinus rheanus Coi€. und anderen bodenbewohnenden Xantholinien (Col. Staphylinidae) in Nordwestdeutschland. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 120, 13±38. Austin, M.P. (1986) The theoretical basis of vegetation science. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1, 161±4. Austin, M.P. (1991) Vegetation theory in relation to cost-ecient surveys. In Nature Conservation: Cost E€ective Biological Surveys and Data Analysis (C.R. Margules and M.P. Austin, eds) pp. 17±63. East Melbourne, Victoria: CSIRO. Benick, L. (1952) PilzkaÈfer und KaÈferpilzen. OÈ kologische und statistische Untersuchungen. Acta Zool. Fennica 70, 1±250. Berg, AÊ ., EhnstroÈm, B., Gustafsson, L., HallingbaÈck, T., Jonsell, M. and Weslien, J. (1994) Threatened plant, animal, and fungus species in Swedish forests: distribution and habitat associations. Conserv. Biol. 8, 718±731. BistroÈm, O. and VaÈisaÈnen, R. (1988) Ancient forest invertebrates of the PyhaÈn-HaÈkki national park in Central Finland. Acta Zool. Fennica 185, 1±69. EhnstroÈm, B. and WaldeÂn, H.W. (1986) FaunavaÊ rd i skogsbruket 2: Den laÈgre faunan. JoÈnkoÈping. (In Swedish.) Esseen, P.-A., EhnstroÈm, B., Ericson, L. and SjoÈberg, K. (1992) Boreal forests±the focal habitats of Fennoscandia. In Ecological Principles of Nature Conservation (L. Hansson, ed.) pp. 252±325. London: Elsevier Applied Science. Green, R.H. (1979) Sampling Design and Statistical Methods for Environmental Biologists.","Bot. Fennici 5, 169±211. Assing, V. (1993) Zur Bionomie von Xantholinus rheanus Coi€.","Bot. Fennici 5, 169±211. Assing, V. (1993) Zur Bionomie von Xantholinus rheanus Coi€. und anderen bodenbewohnenden Xantholinien (Col. Staphylinidae) in Nordwestdeutschland. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 120, 13±38. Austin, M.P. (1986) The theoretical basis of vegetation science. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1, 161±4. Austin, M.P. (1991) Vegetation theory in relation to cost-ecient surveys. In Nature Conservation: Cost E€ective Biological Surveys and Data Analysis (C.R. Margules and M.P. Austin, eds) pp. 17±63. East Melbourne, Victoria: CSIRO. Benick, L. (1952) PilzkaÈfer und KaÈferpilzen. OÈ kologische und statistische Untersuchungen. Acta Zool. Fennica 70, 1±250. Berg, AÊ ., EhnstroÈm, B., Gustafsson, L., HallingbaÈck, T., Jonsell, M. and Weslien, J. (1994) Threatened plant, animal, and fungus species in Swedish forests: distribution and habitat associations. Conserv. Biol. 8, 718±731. BistroÈm, O. and VaÈisaÈnen, R. (1988) Ancient forest invertebrates of the PyhaÈn-HaÈkki national park in Central Finland. Acta Zool. Fennica 185, 1±69. EhnstroÈm, B. and WaldeÂn, H.W. (1986) FaunavaÊ rd i skogsbruket 2: Den laÈgre faunan. JoÈnkoÈping. (In Swedish.) Esseen, P.-A., EhnstroÈm, B., Ericson, L. and SjoÈberg, K. (1992) Boreal forests±the focal habitats of Fennoscandia.","Bot. Fennici 5, 169±211. Assing, V. (1993) Zur Bionomie von Xantholinus rheanus Coi€. und anderen bodenbewohnenden Xantholinien (Col. Staphylinidae) in Nordwestdeutschland. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 120, 13±38. Austin, M.P. (1986) The theoretical basis of vegetation science. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1, 161±4. Austin, M.P. (1991) Vegetation theory in relation to cost-ecient surveys. In Nature Conservation: Cost E€ective Biological Surveys and Data Analysis (C.R. Margules and M.P. Austin, eds) pp. 17±63. East Melbourne, Victoria: CSIRO. Benick, L. (1952) PilzkaÈfer und KaÈferpilzen. OÈ kologische und statistische Untersuchungen. Acta Zool. Fennica 70, 1±250. Berg, AÊ ., EhnstroÈm, B., Gustafsson, L., HallingbaÈck, T., Jonsell, M. and Weslien, J. (1994) Threatened plant, animal, and fungus species in Swedish forests: distribution and habitat associations. Conserv. Biol. 8, 718±731. BistroÈm, O. and VaÈisaÈnen, R. (1988) Ancient forest invertebrates of the PyhaÈn-HaÈkki national park in Central Finland. Acta Zool. Fennica 185, 1±69. EhnstroÈm, B. and WaldeÂn, H.W. (1986) FaunavaÊ rd i skogsbruket 2: Den laÈgre faunan. JoÈnkoÈping. (In Swedish.) Esseen, P.-A., EhnstroÈm, B., Ericson, L. and SjoÈberg, K. (1992) Boreal forests±the focal habitats of Fennoscandia. In Ecological Principles of Nature Conservation (L. Hansson, ed.) pp. 252±325. London: Elsevier Applied Science. Green, R.H. (1979) Sampling Design and Statistical Methods for Environmental Biologists. Chichester: Wiley. Greenslade, P. (1964) Pitfall trapping as a method for studying populations of Carabidae (Coleoptera). J. Animal Ecol. 33, 301±10. Haila, Y. (1992) Measuring nature: quantitative data in ®eld biology.","Bot. Fennici 5, 169±211. Assing, V. (1993) Zur Bionomie von Xantholinus rheanus Coi€. und anderen bodenbewohnenden Xantholinien (Col. Staphylinidae) in Nordwestdeutschland. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 120, 13±38. Austin, M.P. (1986) The theoretical basis of vegetation science.","Bot. Fennici 5, 169±211. Assing, V. (1993) Zur Bionomie von Xantholinus rheanus Coi€. und anderen bodenbewohnenden Xantholinien (Col. Staphylinidae) in Nordwestdeutschland. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 120, 13±38. Austin, M.P. (1986) The theoretical basis of vegetation science. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1, 161±4. Austin, M.P. (1991) Vegetation theory in relation to cost-ecient surveys. In Nature Conservation: Cost E€ective Biological Surveys and Data Analysis (C.R. Margules and M.P. Austin, eds) pp. 17±63. East Melbourne, Victoria: CSIRO. Benick, L. (1952) PilzkaÈfer und KaÈferpilzen. OÈ kologische und statistische Untersuchungen. Acta Zool. Fennica 70, 1±250. Berg, AÊ ., EhnstroÈm, B., Gustafsson, L., HallingbaÈck, T., Jonsell, M. and Weslien, J. (1994) Threatened plant, animal, and fungus species in Swedish forests: distribution and habitat associations. Conserv. Biol. 8, 718±731. BistroÈm, O. and VaÈisaÈnen, R. (1988) Ancient forest invertebrates of the PyhaÈn-HaÈkki national park in Central Finland. Acta Zool. Fennica 185, 1±69. EhnstroÈm, B. and WaldeÂn, H.W. (1986) FaunavaÊ rd i skogsbruket 2: Den laÈgre faunan.","Bot. Fennici 5, 169±211. Assing, V. (1993) Zur Bionomie von Xantholinus rheanus Coi€. und anderen bodenbewohnenden Xantholinien (Col. Staphylinidae) in Nordwestdeutschland. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 120, 13±38. Austin, M.P. (1986) The theoretical basis of vegetation science. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1, 161±4. Austin, M.P. (1991) Vegetation theory in relation to cost-ecient surveys. In Nature Conservation: Cost E€ective Biological Surveys and Data Analysis (C.R. Margules and M.P. Austin, eds) pp. 17±63. East Melbourne, Victoria: CSIRO. Benick, L. (1952) PilzkaÈfer und KaÈferpilzen. OÈ kologische und statistische Untersuchungen. Acta Zool. Fennica 70, 1±250. Berg, AÊ ., EhnstroÈm, B., Gustafsson, L., HallingbaÈck, T., Jonsell, M. and Weslien, J. (1994) Threatened plant, animal, and fungus species in Swedish forests: distribution and habitat associations. Conserv. Biol. 8, 718±731. BistroÈm, O. and VaÈisaÈnen, R. (1988) Ancient forest invertebrates of the PyhaÈn-HaÈkki national park in Central Finland. Acta Zool. Fennica 185, 1±69. EhnstroÈm, B. and WaldeÂn, H.W. (1986) FaunavaÊ rd i skogsbruket 2: Den laÈgre faunan. JoÈnkoÈping. (In Swedish.) Esseen, P.-A., EhnstroÈm, B., Ericson, L. and SjoÈberg, K. (1992) Boreal forests±the focal habitats of Fennoscandia. In Ecological Principles of Nature Conservation (L. Hansson, ed.) pp. 252±325. London: Elsevier Applied Science. Green, R.H. (1979) Sampling Design and Statistical Methods for Environmental Biologists. Chichester: Wiley. Greenslade, P. (1964) Pitfall trapping as a method for studying populations of Carabidae (Coleoptera).","Bot. Fennici 5, 169±211. Assing, V. (1993) Zur Bionomie von Xantholinus rheanus Coi€. und anderen bodenbewohnenden Xantholinien (Col. Staphylinidae) in Nordwestdeutschland. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 120, 13±38. Austin, M.P. (1986) The theoretical basis of vegetation science. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1, 161±4. Austin, M.P. (1991) Vegetation theory in relation to cost-ecient surveys. In Nature Conservation: Cost E€ective Biological Surveys and Data Analysis (C.R. Margules and M.P. Austin, eds) pp. 17±63. East Melbourne, Victoria: CSIRO. Benick, L. (1952) PilzkaÈfer und KaÈferpilzen. OÈ kologische und statistische Untersuchungen. Acta Zool. Fennica 70, 1±250. Berg, AÊ ., EhnstroÈm, B., Gustafsson, L., HallingbaÈck, T., Jonsell, M. and Weslien, J. (1994) Threatened plant, animal, and fungus species in Swedish forests: distribution and habitat associations. Conserv. Biol. 8, 718±731. BistroÈm, O. and VaÈisaÈnen, R. (1988) Ancient forest invertebrates of the PyhaÈn-HaÈkki national park in Central Finland."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
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To account for this, Watkinson and Kear (1996a) proposed that, at any given time, only a small fraction of the total organic S is accessible, on the aggregate surfaces, to the soil microbes and that it is this fraction that is involved in the steady-state equilibrium with sulfate S. This suggestion that the stability of organic S may be related to soil aggregation has been made elsewhere (see Saggar et al. 1998) and has been used to explain some of the differences in organic S accumulation between soil groups (Watkinson and Kear 1996a). As suggested by Watkinson and Kear (1996a), over time, soil aggregates are continually breaking down and reforming, providing a continuous supply of accessible organic S.","This is the reason why the temporal variation in soil sulfate levels is relatively high, about 20–40% (Edmeades et al. 1988, Ghani et al. 1990). However, the perturbed soil sulfate concentration returns to the equilibrium concentration, dictated by the amount of EOS, within a short time (2–6 months) as shown by Watkinson and Kear (1996a). These effects are demonstrated pictorially in Figure 4.","Also, Ghani et al. (1990) reported a large seasonal variation in biomass S. However, these observations do not necessarily invalidate condition (ii), because what is not known is how EOS is related to these seasonally variable properties. Certainly, the data presented by Watkinson and Kear (1996a) from 7 sites demonstrate that the temporal variability in EOS is very small relative to that of sulfate S, leading them to conclude that the relationship between EOS and sulfate S is sufficiently robust to accommodate small seasonal changes in EOS. A novel aspect of the model is that it describes what is a microbially mediated process as if it were a chemicalphysical process. To account for this, Watkinson and Kear (1996a) proposed that, at any given time, only a small fraction of the total organic S is accessible, on the aggregate surfaces, to the soil microbes and that it is this fraction that is involved in the steady-state equilibrium with sulfate S. This suggestion that the stability of organic S may be related to soil aggregation has been made elsewhere (see Saggar et al. 1998) and has been used to explain some of the differences in organic S accumulation between soil groups (Watkinson and Kear 1996a). As suggested by Watkinson and Kear (1996a), over time, soil aggregates are continually breaking down and reforming, providing a continuous supply of accessible organic S. The factor determining the supply of mineralisable organic S is the rate of formation and deformation of the aggregates, and this is determined by soil physical and chemical processes, including drying, wetting, frost heave and animal treading and pugging. Thus, the size of the EOS pool, and hence the amount of sulfate S at equilibrium, is realistically related to soil chemical and physical properties. A challenging implication of the model, as noted by Watkinson and Kear (1996a), is that organic S is uniform with respect to its synthesis and degradation by microbes.","Also, Ghani et al. (1990) reported a large seasonal variation in biomass S. However, these observations do not necessarily invalidate condition (ii), because what is not known is how EOS is related to these seasonally variable properties. Certainly, the data presented by Watkinson and Kear (1996a) from 7 sites demonstrate that the temporal variability in EOS is very small relative to that of sulfate S, leading them to conclude that the relationship between EOS and sulfate S is sufficiently robust to accommodate small seasonal changes in EOS. A novel aspect of the model is that it describes what is a microbially mediated process as if it were a chemicalphysical process. To account for this, Watkinson and Kear (1996a) proposed that, at any given time, only a small fraction of the total organic S is accessible, on the aggregate surfaces, to the soil microbes and that it is this fraction that is involved in the steady-state equilibrium with sulfate S. This suggestion that the stability of organic S may be related to soil aggregation has been made elsewhere (see Saggar et al. 1998) and has been used to explain some of the differences in organic S accumulation between soil groups (Watkinson and Kear 1996a). As suggested by Watkinson and Kear (1996a), over time, soil aggregates are continually breaking down and reforming, providing a continuous supply of accessible organic S. The factor determining the supply of mineralisable organic S is the rate of formation and deformation of the aggregates, and this is determined by soil physical and chemical processes, including drying, wetting, frost heave and animal treading and pugging. Thus, the size of the EOS pool, and hence the amount of sulfate S at equilibrium, is realistically related to soil chemical and physical properties. A challenging implication of the model, as noted by Watkinson and Kear (1996a), is that organic S is uniform with respect to its synthesis and degradation by microbes. They reasoned that if a fraction of the organic S was resistant to microbial attack, for whatever reason, the total organic S would increase indefinitely, comprising an increasing proportion of the microbially resistant S. This clearly does not happen, as shown by Jackman (1964). This, they suggest, is evidence that all the various chemical forms of organic S are equally labile with respect to microbial degradation. Further evidence to support this comes from their earlier work (Watkinson and Perrott 1990) in which they showed that the small amounts of EOS are significantly correlated with increasingly alkaline extractants, 0.5 mol/L bicarbonate, 0.1 mol/L caustic soda and finally total S itself. Both Nguyen and Goh (1994) and Saggar et al. (1998) in their reviews of the literature, noted that there is conflicting evidence regarding the chemical composition of organic S and in particular, the proportion, role and lability of HI-reducible and C-bonded S.","Also, Ghani et al. (1990) reported a large seasonal variation in biomass S. However, these observations do not necessarily invalidate condition (ii), because what is not known is how EOS is related to these seasonally variable properties. Certainly, the data presented by Watkinson and Kear (1996a) from 7 sites demonstrate that the temporal variability in EOS is very small relative to that of sulfate S, leading them to conclude that the relationship between EOS and sulfate S is sufficiently robust to accommodate small seasonal changes in EOS. A novel aspect of the model is that it describes what is a microbially mediated process as if it were a chemicalphysical process. To account for this, Watkinson and Kear (1996a) proposed that, at any given time, only a small fraction of the total organic S is accessible, on the aggregate surfaces, to the soil microbes and that it is this fraction that is involved in the steady-state equilibrium with sulfate S. This suggestion that the stability of organic S may be related to soil aggregation has been made elsewhere (see Saggar et al. 1998) and has been used to explain some of the differences in organic S accumulation between soil groups (Watkinson and Kear 1996a). As suggested by Watkinson and Kear (1996a), over time, soil aggregates are continually breaking down and reforming, providing a continuous supply of accessible organic S. The factor determining the supply of mineralisable organic S is the rate of formation and deformation of the aggregates, and this is determined by soil physical and chemical processes, including drying, wetting, frost heave and animal treading and pugging. Thus, the size of the EOS pool, and hence the amount of sulfate S at equilibrium, is realistically related to soil chemical and physical properties. A challenging implication of the model, as noted by Watkinson and Kear (1996a), is that organic S is uniform with respect to its synthesis and degradation by microbes. They reasoned that if a fraction of the organic S was resistant to microbial attack, for whatever reason, the total organic S would increase indefinitely, comprising an increasing proportion of the microbially resistant S. This clearly does not happen, as shown by Jackman (1964). This, they suggest, is evidence that all the various chemical forms of organic S are equally labile with respect to microbial degradation.","This is the reason why the temporal variation in soil sulfate levels is relatively high, about 20–40% (Edmeades et al. 1988, Ghani et al. 1990).","Also, Ghani et al. (1990) reported a large seasonal variation in biomass S.","Also, Ghani et al. (1990) reported a large seasonal variation in biomass S. However, these observations do not necessarily invalidate condition (ii), because what is not known is how EOS is related to these seasonally variable properties. Certainly, the data presented by Watkinson and Kear (1996a) from 7 sites demonstrate that the temporal variability in EOS is very small relative to that of sulfate S, leading them to conclude that the relationship between EOS and sulfate S is sufficiently robust to accommodate small seasonal changes in EOS. A novel aspect of the model is that it describes what is a microbially mediated process as if it were a chemicalphysical process. To account for this, Watkinson and Kear (1996a) proposed that, at any given time, only a small fraction of the total organic S is accessible, on the aggregate surfaces, to the soil microbes and that it is this fraction that is involved in the steady-state equilibrium with sulfate S.","Also, Ghani et al. (1990) reported a large seasonal variation in biomass S. However, these observations do not necessarily invalidate condition (ii), because what is not known is how EOS is related to these seasonally variable properties. Certainly, the data presented by Watkinson and Kear (1996a) from 7 sites demonstrate that the temporal variability in EOS is very small relative to that of sulfate S, leading them to conclude that the relationship between EOS and sulfate S is sufficiently robust to accommodate small seasonal changes in EOS.","Also, Ghani et al. 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This suggestion that the stability of organic S may be related to soil aggregation has been made elsewhere (see Saggar et al. 1998) and has been used to explain some of the differences in organic S accumulation between soil groups (Watkinson and Kear 1996a). As suggested by Watkinson and Kear (1996a), over time, soil aggregates are continually breaking down and reforming, providing a continuous supply of accessible organic S. The factor determining the supply of mineralisable organic S is the rate of formation and deformation of the aggregates, and this is determined by soil physical and chemical processes, including drying, wetting, frost heave and animal treading and pugging. Thus, the size of the EOS pool, and hence the amount of sulfate S at equilibrium, is realistically related to soil chemical and physical properties. A challenging implication of the model, as noted by Watkinson and Kear (1996a), is that organic S is uniform with respect to its synthesis and degradation by microbes. They reasoned that if a fraction of the organic S was resistant to microbial attack, for whatever reason, the total organic S would increase indefinitely, comprising an increasing proportion of the microbially resistant S. This clearly does not happen, as shown by Jackman (1964). This, they suggest, is evidence that all the various chemical forms of organic S are equally labile with respect to microbial degradation. Further evidence to support this comes from their earlier work (Watkinson and Perrott 1990) in which they showed that the small amounts of EOS are significantly correlated with increasingly alkaline extractants, 0.5 mol/L bicarbonate, 0.1 mol/L caustic soda and finally total S itself. Both Nguyen and Goh (1994) and Saggar et al. 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{"citationid":1281645025,"citingcorpusid":55666307,"citedcorpusid":113464868,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Identity is influenced by ‘significant others’, marked by ‘critical incidents’, constructed in telling and re-telling about meaningful events, resulting in what is called nowadays a ‘narrative identity’, a concept elaborated upon in the educational context by Bruner (1996). Every person is identified as being “a living document” (Luther, 1992).","Identity is influenced by ‘significant others’, marked by ‘critical incidents’, constructed in telling and re-telling about meaningful events, resulting in what is called nowadays a ‘narrative identity’, a concept elaborated upon in the educational context by Bruner (1996)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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However, three species of Chen (1985) cannot be diagnostically discriminated individually because of their morphological similarity and variable extent of overlap in criteria used to define them. On the other hand, Kai & Nakabo (2002) demonstrated meristic and morphometric differences among three colour morphotypes of S. inermis , suggesting the possibility of reproductive isolation between them. Kai & Nakabo (2002) concluded that the three species suggested by Chen (1985) corresponded roughly to their three colour morphotypes, and suggested that body colouration had been more appropriate for discriminating between the morphotypes of S. inermis . The three colour morphotypes surveyed by Kai & Nakabo (2002) were as follows: reddish or light brown body with reddish-brown pectoral and pelvic fins (morphotype A); greenish-black body, blackish pectoral fins and pelvic fins with a blackish posterior tip (morphotype B); dark brownish body, dark brown pectoral fins and pelvic fins with a dark brown posterior tip (morphotype C).","Recently, Chen (1985) suggested that S. inermis should be separated into three species, based on differences in pectoral and anal fin ray counts, providing no diagnostic morphological differences or colour differences. However, three species of Chen (1985) cannot be diagnostically discriminated individually because of their morphological similarity and variable extent of overlap in criteria used to define them. On the other hand, Kai & Nakabo (2002) demonstrated meristic and morphometric differences among three colour morphotypes of S. inermis , suggesting the possibility of reproductive isolation between them. Kai & Nakabo (2002) concluded that the three species suggested by Chen (1985) corresponded roughly to their three colour morphotypes, and suggested that body colouration had been more appropriate for discriminating between the morphotypes of S. inermis . The three colour morphotypes surveyed by Kai & Nakabo (2002) were as follows: reddish or light brown body with reddish-brown pectoral and pelvic fins (morphotype A); greenish-black body, blackish pectoral fins and pelvic fins with a blackish posterior tip (morphotype B); dark brownish body, dark brown pectoral fins and pelvic fins with a dark brown posterior tip (morphotype C). Because of their morphological similarity, the specific status of the colour morphotypes of S. inermis is still in question. Moreover, genetic differences among these morphotypes have never been surveyed clearly. Numachi (1972) demonstrated the replacement of alleles in allozyme analyses of two local populations of S.","Chen (1985) suggested that S. inermis should be separated into three species, based on differences in pectoral and anal fin ray counts.","Recently, Chen (1985) suggested that S. inermis should be separated into three species, based on differences in pectoral and anal fin ray counts, providing no diagnostic morphological differences or colour differences. However, three species of Chen (1985) cannot be diagnostically discriminated individually because of their morphological similarity and variable extent of overlap in criteria used to define them. On the other hand, Kai & Nakabo (2002) demonstrated meristic and morphometric differences among three colour morphotypes of S.","Recently, Chen (1985) suggested that S. inermis should be separated into three species, based on differences in pectoral and anal fin ray counts, providing no diagnostic morphological differences or colour differences. However, three species of Chen (1985) cannot be diagnostically discriminated individually because of their morphological similarity and variable extent of overlap in criteria used to define them. On the other hand, Kai & Nakabo (2002) demonstrated meristic and morphometric differences among three colour morphotypes of S. inermis , suggesting the possibility of reproductive isolation between them. Kai & Nakabo (2002) concluded that the three species suggested by Chen (1985) corresponded roughly to their three colour morphotypes, and suggested that body colouration had been more appropriate for discriminating between the morphotypes of S.","Recently, Chen (1985) suggested that S. inermis should be separated into three species, based on differences in pectoral and anal fin ray counts, providing no diagnostic morphological differences or colour differences. However, three species of Chen (1985) cannot be diagnostically discriminated individually because of their morphological similarity and variable extent of overlap in criteria used to define them.","Kai & Nakabo (2002) concluded that the three species suggested by Chen (1985) corresponded roughly to their three colour morphotypes, and suggested that body colouration had been more appropriate for discriminating between the morphotypes of S. inermis\n.","Recently, Chen (1985) suggested that S. inermis should be separated into three species, based on differences in pectoral and anal fin ray counts, providing no diagnostic morphological differences or colour differences."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3124099368,"citingcorpusid":225062725,"citedcorpusid":651900,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Perceived institutional betrayal, the third concept of interest, occurs when people perceive powerful and trusted institutions as causing harm to those dependent on them for safety and wellbeing, either by action or inaction in times of crisis or when mistakes or crimes have been committed (31)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2092251093,"citingcorpusid":158695107,"citedcorpusid":55064061,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For this, we borrow from two recent studies that look at the role played by cultural differences in values and practices on cross‐border mergers (Ahern et al., 2015) and on FDI (Li, Brodbeck, Shenkar, Ponzi, & Fisch, 2017). We proxy distance in cultural values with two variables developed in theoretical work by Fiske (1991) and Hofstede (1980).","For this, we borrow from two recent studies that look at the role played by cultural differences in values and practices on cross‐border mergers (Ahern et al., 2015) and on FDI (Li, Brodbeck, Shenkar, Ponzi, & Fisch, 2017). We proxy distance in cultural values with two variables developed in theoretical work by Fiske (1991) and Hofstede (1980). HIERARCHY measures the difference between two countries in the propensity to follow the rules and orders by higher authorities and to defer to authorities to settle disputes. INDIVIDUALISM measures the difference between two countries in the degree to which individuals are viewed as autonomous in their power of self‐determination, rather than members of a larger social group whose collective welfare is determining decisions. Both measures have been widely used in economics, psychology, and sociology as key dimension of national cultural values (for a review, see Guiso et al., 2006). A high difference in hierarchical and individualistic values is likely to discourage investment, as it hampers cooperation between foreign investors and local workforce. An alternative approach is to consider cultural attractiveness as a distance measure. Cultural attractiveness is defined as “the desirability of a culture for members of another culture, based on the extent to which the former culture’s practices reflect the latter culture’s values” (Li et al., 2017). The measure of cultural attractiveness developed by Li et al. (2017) uses data on the behavioral patterns and practices of a national culture and on what members of different cultures find desirable that are found in the GLOBE database (House, Hanges, Javidan, Dorfman, & Gupta, 2004).","findings are consistent with recent studies of the effect of TRUST on mergers (Ahern et al., 2015) and on venture capital (Bottazzi et al.","| 337DA RIN et al. findings are consistent with recent studies of the effect of TRUST on mergers (Ahern et al., 2015) and on venture capital (Bottazzi et al., 2016), which point to the importance of investor capabilities and of potential synergies for cross‐border investment to create value.","For this, we borrow from two recent studies that look at the role played by cultural differences in values and practices on cross‐border mergers (Ahern et al., 2015) and on FDI (Li, Brodbeck, Shenkar, Ponzi, & Fisch, 2017).","For this, we borrow from two recent studies that look at the role played by cultural differences in values and practices on cross‐border mergers (Ahern et al., 2015) and on FDI (Li, Brodbeck, Shenkar, Ponzi, & Fisch, 2017). We proxy distance in cultural values with two variables developed in theoretical work by Fiske (1991) and Hofstede (1980). HIERARCHY measures the difference between two countries in the propensity to follow the rules and orders by higher authorities and to defer to authorities to settle disputes.","These include mergers and venture capital investments (Ahern et al., 2015; Bottazzi et al., 2016); these studies provide formal models where origin‐to‐destination trust directly affects the expected profits of the cross‐border investments, either increasing total revenues or decreasing costs."],"intents":[null,null,["result"],["result"],["result"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3791372749,"citingcorpusid":225912019,"citedcorpusid":83094604,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…15N自然丰度, 结合土壤NH4 + 和NO3 – 及有机氮的15N 自然丰度值, 根据同位素混合模型和同位素分馏作 用, 进而确定不同物种氮吸收偏好及不同土壤氮形 态对植物氮利用的贡献(Takebayashi et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2018)。Houlton等(2007)采用该方法研究了位于 夏威夷毛依岛(Maui)的降水梯度上(2 200–5 050 mm;\n6个站点 )热带山地雨林 (优势植物种均为Metrosideros polymorpha)的植物氮吸收特点, 发现降水 量3 350 mm是植物利用氮形态变化的转折点, 即在 降水量少于3 350…"],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":2730200227,"citingcorpusid":84071855,"citedcorpusid":4471252,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The phylogenetic tree used to calculate contrasts was based on information gathered from supertrees for Carnivora (Bininda-Emonds et al., 1999), Primates (Purvis, 1995; Purvis & Webster, 1999), Ruminantia (Hernández Fernández & Vrba, 2005b) and the families of Mammalia (Liu et al., 2001).","It is striking, however, that all the large mammals smaller than 2 kg belong to either Primates or Carnivora, which occupy an ecological niche different from that of most small mammals.","E-mail: hdezfdez@geo.ucm.es\nAim The goal of this paper is to examine the relationships between body size, biomic specialization and range size in the African large mammals, which are defined as all the African species corresponding to the orders Primates, Carnivora, Proboscidea, Perissodactyla, Hyracoidea, Tubulidentata, Artiodactyla and Pholidota.","Here, we define large mammals as those included in a series of orders, which are characterized on average by medium–large body size (Primates, Carnivora, Proboscidea, Perissodactyla, Hyracoidea, Tubulidentata, Artiodactyla and Pholidota).","These generalist taxa are varied; species with BSI equal to or larger than 6 are found in Primates, Hyracoidea, Proboscidea, Artiodactyla and Carnivora (Hernández Fernández & Vrba, in press)."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":5012024821,"citingcorpusid":244545017,"citedcorpusid":140858445,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This extends from an understanding that learning is a social activity (Dewey, 1963) and happens effortlessly within the ZPD.","Educators employed a learner-centred approach, working in the ZPD (Vygotsky, 1978) to extend learners into previously unexplored learning by building on previous knowledge.","Constructivist theories included the use of experiential learning (Knowles et al., 1998; Kolb, 2015) and reflection, scaffolding (Bruner, 1966) and social constructivism (Vygotsky, 1978).","In the context of education, the most significant feature of the ZPD is that the framework suggests the upper and lower limits of learning, or the zone within which new learning will take place.","However, experiential learning may not be effective in the IT context if the tasks set are too far outside the learners’ ZPD (Vygotsky, 1978).","A side-effect of the teamwork approach was that learners made marked progress in their technical proficiency, because team members would solve problems using their collective knowledge, passing it around the team in the process (Vygotsky, 1978).","Jeremy has already established the importance of scaffolding and the ZPD for his teaching practice; it was also helpful to consider the impact that these frameworks have had on his learners.","Integrating soft skills, respecting the contribution of the learner’s knowledge and cultural position, integrating ako and tuakana-teina models, all while scaffolding learners through their ZPD, were other benefits of social constructivism, as proposed by Vygotsky (1978).","Reflecting on which of these models have had an impact on his practice, he highlighted scaffolding and the aligned framework of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) (Vygotsky, 1978).","Naturally, social constructivism (Vygotsky, 1978) fits this way of working, as group work encourages learners to learn from one another using collective scaffolding (Donato, 1994).","While Vygotsky’s work is extensive, the most relevant aspect for discussion here is the ZPD, which Hammond and Gibbons (1995) argue provides the theoretical basis of scaffolding."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null,null,["background"],["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":4035447367,"citingcorpusid":255673727,"citedcorpusid":143629848,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Connecting Kunc’s (1992) perspective on the right to belong and the social-relational model of disability (Mackenzie, Cologon, and Fenech 2016; Reindal 2008, 2009; Thomas 2004a, 2004b), we center Miguel as an active agent who finds his place of belonging in his early childhood community.","Rather than viewing difference as a problem within the individual or ‘down-play[ing] the significance of difference’ (Thomas 2004a, 45), the social-relational model of disability focuses on the interactive process between individuals and their environments to address ‘the empowerment and the…","This framework takes into account both an individual’s strengths and limitations and the ways that relationships, opportunities, and barriers within their social environments can support or hinder inclusion (Thomas 2004a; 2004b).","…on theoretical ideas from the field of disability studies, and looking through both a lens of belonging (Kunc 1992) and a strengths-based social-relational model of disability (Reindal 2008, 2009; Thomas 2004a, 2004b) as we explore how a young child becomes a member of an early learning community.","Miguel’s right to inclusive early childhood education and his sense of belonging were realized not only by his unique understanding and practice of social relationships within the toddler room but also by his own sense of self, developing identity, and empowerment (Slee 2019; Thomas 2004b)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1513840560,"citingcorpusid":129425899,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This paragneiss protolith was a typical greywacke with significant participation of the pelitic material (Puziewicz et al. 1999).","to the west), the Chałupki paragneisses with subordinate amphibole gneisses and amphibolites occur (Puziewicz et al. 1999).","Immediately above the Niedźwiedź Massif (i.e. to the west), the Chałupki paragneisses with subordinate amphibole gneisses and amphibolites occur (Puziewicz et al. 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2201106407,"citingcorpusid":92552408,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In Laurasia, they were most diverse from the late Paleocene through the middle Eocene, and their range extended into the Canadian Arctic and throughout Western Europe (Berg, 1966; Estes, 1980; Markwick, 1998; Brochu, 2004, 2010; Martin et al., 2014; Eberle et al., 2014).","The late Miocene caimanine fauna (Crocodylia: Alligatoroidea) of the Urumaco Formation, Venezuela.","Much of the caimanine fossil record is from Miocene or younger sediments, and many of\nthe fossils are highly derived and not referable to any extant lineage (Salas-Gismondi et al., 2015; Scheyer et al., 2013; Scheyer and Delfino, 2016).","The type material was discovered in a Miocene marl bed near Elizabethtown, Bladen\nCounty, North Carolina in 1852-1853 (Emmons, 1858).","Late Miocene crocodylians from northeast Argentina: new approaches about the austral components of the Neogene South American crocodylian fauna.","Later well-preserved caimanines do not appear until the Miocene, by which time they are among the most bizarre crocodyliforms known (Price, 1964; Langston, 1966).","A new Mourasuchus (Alligatoroidea, Caimaninae) from the late Miocene of Venezuela, the phylogeny of Caimaninae and considerations on the feeding habits of Mourasuchus.","Occurrence— Miocene marl bed, likely washed out of the middle Campanian, Late\nCretaceous, Black Creek Formation along the Cape Fear River, Elizabethtown, Bladen County, North Carolina, USA.","An assemblage of extinct crocodylians from the Paleocene to middle Miocene of the\nNorthern Hemisphere have been assigned to the genus Diplocynodon Paumel 1847.","Systematics and biogeography of crocodylians from the Miocene of Panama.","Morphometry, Bite-Force, and Paleobiology of the Late Miocene Caiman Purussaurus brasiliensis.","Adding Gnatusuchus pebasensis (Salas-Gismondi et al., 2015), a short snouted caimanine\nfrom the middle Miocene Pebas formation of Peru, to the analysis recovers 3000 shortest trees (tree length = 250, consistency index with uninformative characters removed = 0.52, retention index = 0.79).","Character evolution and the origin of Caimaninae (Crocodylia) in the New World Tropics: new evidence from the Miocene of Panama and Venezuela.","Although recovered in a Miocene marl bed, stratigraphic placement of the holotype\nspecimen is complicated as the teeth were likely reworked from the Middle Campanian Black Creek Formation (Miller, 1967; Baird and Horner, 1979, Schwimmer, 2002).","A Miocene hyperdiverse crocodylian community reveals peculiar trophic dynamics in proto-Amazonian mega-wetlands.","That a substantial stratigraphic gap separates B. harlani from both species of Paleosuchus, which first appears in the Miocene, along with low character and nodal support raises questions about this relationship.","Size and paleoecology of giant Miocene South American crocodiles (Archosauria: Crocodylia).","Their South American Paleogene record is poor, but they were highly diverse and morphologically disparate there in the Miocene (e.g., Langston, 1965; Aguilera et al., 2006; Riff et al., 2010; Bona et al., 2012; Hastings et al., 2013; Scheyer et al., 2013; Salas-Gismondi et al., 2015).","The unexpected phylogenetic placement of the Upper Cretaceous – Paleocene\nBottosaurus close to Paleosuchus, which is first known from the Miocene, could reflect a true relationship or be the product of convergent evolution.","A new giant Purussaurus (Crocodyliformes, Alligatoridae) from the Upper Miocene Urumaco Formation, Venezuela.","In Europe, well-known forms date from the late Paleocene to the Miocene (Berg, 1966; Buscalioni et al., 1992; Martin, 2010; Martin et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1804500247,"citingcorpusid":148773830,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The narrative operates by deconstructing and then giving new meaning by questioning the individual and co-operating with him or her to give new and rich descriptions to their stories and bring together the past, present, and future in alternative stories (Abels & Abels, 2001; Freedman & Combes, 1996; Kotzé, 2000; Kotzé & Kotzé, 2001; Maree, 2007; Morgan, 2000; Müller, 1996; Ubbink, 2005; White & Epston, 1990).","The postmodern approach advocates the belief that events and experiences in everyday life have a direct impact on the development of the “self” (Maree, 2007; Ubbink, 2005; White & Epston, 1990).","The problem rules the individual’s life and is his or her dominant story (Abels & Abels, 2001; Freedman & Combes, 1996; Kotzé, 2000; Kotzé & Kotzé, 2001; Maree, 2007; Morgan, 2000; Müller, 1996; Ubbink, 2005; White & Epston, 1990).","The problem rules the individual’s life and is his or her dominant story (Abels & Abels, 2001; Freedman & Combes, 1996; Kotzé, 2000; Kotzé & Kotzé, 2001; Maree, 2007; Morgan, 2000; Müller, 1996; Ubbink, 2005; White & Epston, 1990).","The approach leads workers to think about people’s lives as stories and to work with individuals to experience their stories in ways that are meaningful (Freedman & Combs, 1996; Maree, 2007; Reynecke, 2000; Toseland & Rivas, 2014; Vaandrager & Pieterse, 2008).","The person experiences feelings of success, while rediscovering his or her capabilities and continues to rewrite (re-constructs) their life story (Abels & Abels, 2001; Freedman & Combes, 1996; Kotzé, 2000; Kotzé & Kotzé, 2001; Maree, 2007; Morgan, 2000; Müller, 1996; Ubbink, 2005; White & Epston, 1990).","By asking questions in an externalized manner, the group worker assists the individual in separating the problem drenched story from him or her (Abels & Abels, 2001; Freedman & Combes, 1996; Kotzé, 2000; Kotzé & Kotzé, 2001; Maree, 2007; Morgan, 2000; Müller, 1996; Ubbink, 2005; White & Epston, 1990).","The individual\ncan look at the problem from a distance, evaluate it and decide whether it is justified, and find a new identity of choice (Abels & Abels, 2001; Freedman & Combes, 1996; Kotzé, 2000; Kotzé & Kotzé, 2001; Maree, 2007; Morgan, 2000; Müller, 1996; Ubbink, 2005; White & Epston, 1990).","…experiences feelings of success, while rediscovering his or her capabilities and continues to rewrite (re-constructs) their life story (Abels & Abels, 2001; Freedman & Combes, 1996; Kotzé, 2000; Kotzé & Kotzé, 2001; Maree, 2007; Morgan, 2000; Müller, 1996; Ubbink, 2005; White & Epston, 1990).","Attention is given to exceptional periods that differ from the dominant problem-drenched story to get unique outcomes for alternative possibilities as part of their new life story (Abels & Abels, 2001; Freedman & Combes, 1996; Kotzé, 2000; Kotzé & Kotzé, 2001; Maree, 2007; Morgan, 2000; Müller, 1996; Ubbink, 2005; White & Epston, 1990).","Figure 1 (from Ubbink, 2005) reflects a possible way to implement the narrative approach, derived from the work of Abels and Abels (2001), Freedman and Combes (1996), Kotzé (2000), Kotzé and Kotzé (2001), Maree (2007), Morgan (2000), Müller (1996), White (2000), and White and Epston (1990).","takes responsibility for his or her own social construction, which includes his or her choices for life (Maree, 2007; White & Epston, 1990).","Narrative theory therefore focuses on how group members unknowingly create and maintain their realities through life\nstories and subjective experiences (Chang & Nylund, 2013; Lopesa et al., 2014; Maree, 2007; Mertz, 2014; Ricks, Kitchens, Goodrich, & Hancock, 2014; Toseland & Rivas, 2014).","The individual can look at the problem from a distance, evaluate it and decide whether it is justified, and find a new identity of choice (Abels & Abels, 2001; Freedman & Combes, 1996; Kotzé, 2000; Kotzé & Kotzé, 2001; Maree, 2007; Morgan, 2000; Müller, 1996; Ubbink, 2005; White & Epston, 1990).","…him or her to give new and rich descriptions to their stories and bring together the past, present, and future in alternative stories (Abels & Abels, 2001; Freedman & Combes, 1996; Kotzé, 2000; Kotzé & Kotzé, 2001; Maree, 2007; Morgan, 2000; Müller, 1996; Ubbink, 2005; White & Epston, 1990).","Narrative theory therefore focuses on how group members unknowingly create and maintain their realities through life stories and subjective experiences (Chang & Nylund, 2013; 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{"citationid":1145107365,"citingcorpusid":158947130,"citedcorpusid":150959896,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Iv, 575 at 579; Ian Brownlie, supra note 96 at 450; Marco Sassoli  ̳State Responsibility for Violations of International Humanitarian Law‘ (2002) 846 International Review of the Red Cross 401, 405; Bin Cheng General Principles of Law as Applied by International Courts and Tribunals (1987) 64; Yves Sandoz, Christophe Swinarski & Bruno Zimmerman (eds.) Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (1987), paragraph 3360; UNHRC, Alston Targeted Killings Reports, paragraph 73; See Letter from CIA Information and Privacy Coordinator, 9 March 2010, available at http://www.","741 Rebecca MM Wallace, ibid at 9-19; Malcolm N Shaw, ibid at 70; David J Harris, supra note 136 at 19, 790; Ian Brownlie, supra note 96 at; R Müllerson, supra note 136 at 161; ICJ, Continental Shelf Case, Judgment I.C.J Reports 1985, 29 at paragraph 27. 742 Malcolm N Shaw, supra note 136 at 83:  ̳It will then depend upon how other states react as to whether this process of legislation is accepted or rejected.‘; ICJ, Nicaragua Case I.C.J Reports, 1986, 14 at paragraph 109: ̳[r]eliance by a State of a novel right or an unprecedented exception to the principle might, if shared in principle by other States, tend towards a modification of customary international law.‘; See Judge Alvarez, Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries Case, I.C.J Reports, 1951, 116, 152 and Judge Loder, Lotus Case, P.C.I.J, Series A, No. 10 (1927), 18, 34 cited in Malcolm N Shaw, ibid at 71.","342 Yoram Dinstein The Conduct of Hostilities under the Law of International Armed Conflict (2004) 32; Adam Roberts  ̳Counter-terrorism, Armed Force and the Laws of War‘ (2002) Survival 16."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3177785134,"citingcorpusid":160922412,"citedcorpusid":146575253,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Bacchae\nCyc.","Dodds, E. R. 1960a. Euripides: Bacchae, 2nd edition.","3 256 19.18.8 256 20.6.1 256\nDe Compositione Verborum\n4, II.20–21 U-R 23 4.30 252\nDe Demosthene 21 407 De Lysia 12 366 De Oratoribus Antiquis 3 254 De Thucydide\n5 5, 81, 518 6 78 14–15 127 15 505 16 160 18 127 19.2 34 27 509 34 127 Epistula ad Ammaeum 9 182 Epistula ad Pompeium\n3 154, 157 6 175\nDionysius of Miletus, FGrHist 687\nF 2 201\nDiyllus of Athens, FGrHist 73\nT 1 162, 163 T 2 163 T 3 163\nDonatus Life of Vergil 38 483 Duris of Samos, FGrHist 76\nF 1 49, 175, 505, 558 F 2 364\nEnnius, Annales\nF 156 492 F 207 74 F 214 497 F 290 485 F 297 497 FF 304–305 485 F 324 485 F 329 485 F 584 (Inc. cxxii) 485\nEphippus of Olynthus, FGrHist 126\nFF 2–3 218\nEphorus, FGrHist 70\nT 1 172 TT 3–6 172 T 10 172 T 11 163 T 18a 172, 519 F 8 173 F 9 50, 173\n652 Index Locorum\nFF 31–34 173 F 31b 80, 84, 173 F 42 174 F 54 174 F 110 50 F 111 50, 173 F 147 84 F 148 174 F 149 174 F 180 46 F 186 173 F 196 173 F 236 173\nEratosthenes, FGrHist 241\nF 45 69\nEunapius\nF 1 568, 569 F 66 567 F 66.2 569\nEupolemus, FGrHist 723\nF 2.30.1 235 F 2.30.2 235 F 2.30.8 235 F 3 235 F 5 235 F 34.4 235\nEuripides Bacchae\n1184 424 1242 424 1245–1246 424\nErechtheus\nF 360 506\nMedea\n121 422 176 422 447 422 520 422 870 422 909 422 1054 424 1062–1063 422\nEusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica\n1.1 574 6.13.7 237\nEutropius, Breviarium\n10.5–6 301 10.18.3 476\nEvagrius, Historia Ecclesiastica\n5.24 572\nFabius Pictor, FGrHist 809 (HRR FRH 1 AR)\nF 1 ( 3 1 1) 260 F 4 ( 5 7 7) 260 F 11 ( 12 16 16) 260 F 18 ( 22 28 28) 261 F 19b ( - 30a 30a) 259 F 20 ( 24 29 29) 259 FRH 1 FF 1–22 260 FRH 1 FF 23–26 260 FRH 1 FF 27–32 260\nFenestella, HRR II.87\nF 9 279 F 10 278 F 21 279\nSex.","Josephus’ readers may very well have perceived an allusive connection between the tragic fate of the Thebans and their city at the end of the Bacchae and that of the Judeans and Jerusalem in the war (see Chapman 2005b for Bacchic allusions in Pseudo-Hegesippus’ De Excidio, which is based on the War), while Jewish readers in particular might have recalled Leviticus 26.","Above all there is the Crassus, in which the hapless triumvir, vanquished at Carrhae, is decapitated and his head used as a gruesome prop in the production of the Bacchae at the Parthian court.","Historical influence is not thereby excluded, and is very clearly present in some plays, especially Aeschylus’ Eumenides (e.g., Dodds 1960b; Sommerstein 1996: ch. 12).","Euripides: Bacchae.","On Inventions 519 reliability of 174 sources of 173 use of digressions by 173\nepic 20–21, 33, 40\nand historiography 14–17, 483–492\nepichōrioi, as sources 43 Epicurus 488 epideictic oratory 16, 470\ndistinguished from history by\nEphorus 173\nrelationship with history 128\nepieikeia 405 Epiphanius 577 Epirotes 354 epistēmē 90 epitaphios logos see funeral orations epitaphs of the Scipios 71 Epitomator of Jason 233 epitomators 576 Epitome de Caesaribus 297, 305 Epitome of the Deeds of Alexander 211 epitomes 2, 305–311, 551 Epizephyrian Locrians 51 Eratosthenes 69, 235, 522, 542,\n548, 562, 577\nmap of 548–549\nEsdras (Hebrew Bible) 231–233, 239, 241 Eteonicus 345 Ethiopia 561 Ethiopians 447, 451 ethnē 520 ethnography 5, 17, 28, 46, 153, 186,\n203–204, 434, 470, 550\nand history 493–503\nethos 102 Etruscans 67–68, 395 Euboea 366 Eudoxus 548 Eugammon of Cyrene 326 Euhemerus 557, 561–562 Eumelus of Corinth Corinthiaca 80 Eumenes 430–431 Eumolpus 489 Eunapius 294, 297, 480, 567–570\nHistory, two editions of 300–301 Lives of the Sophists 300, 530\neunomia 408–409 Euphantus 161 Euphorion 18 Euphrates 451 Eupolemus 233, 235, 237, 241 euprepes 83 Euripides 73, 128, 192, 422, 424,\n504–514 passim, 530, 578\nAndromache 20 Bacchae 424, 513 Medea 82, 202, 422, 424 Orestes 20\nEusebius 225, 232–233, 237, 297, 299,\n477, 574–578\ncanons of 578 Chronicle of 181, 577–578 influence of Josephus on 574 Life of Constantine 300\nEusthatius of Epiphaneia 568 Eutropius 298, 301, 309, 575\nBreviarium 305, 476\nEutychides of Sicyon 350 Evagoras 529 Evagrius 568, 572, 577 evidentia 374–377 excerpta 23 exemplary history 412–418 exemplum (pl. exempla) 19, 22, 179,\n457, 512\nhistorical, in speeches 130–131 in Livy 132 in oratory 131\nexile\nhistorian as 24 Timaeus’ 52\nexitēla 36 exitēlos 99 exitus literature 445 Exodus 229 experience, necessary for vivid\nrepresentation 51–52 explanation, in history 31 eyewitness see autopsy Ezekias 237 Ezekiel 421\nFabius Maximus, Q. 538 Fabius Maximus Servilianus, Q. 485\n686 General Index\nFabius Pictor, Q. 7, 74–75, 259–265,\n287, 391\naudience of 260 Fabius Valens 443 Fabricius 254 fabula 78 fabulae praetext(at)ae 485\nas source for Roman history 72\nFannius, C. 485 fate 512 federated histories 54 felicitas 414 Fenestella 278–279 Festus, abridger of Verrius Flaccus 73, 524 Festus, author of Breviarium 309–310, 476 Flaminius, C. 285 Flamininus see Quinctius Flamininus Flood, in Babylonian myth 222 Florus 492, 575 folk-tale 324–327, 506 Fontenelle 87 fortuna 413, 417\nsee also tychē\nForum of Augustus 416 foundation narrative see ktisis Four Hundred at Athens 62, 64, 406 fragments, use of 2 Franks 571, 580 Fronto 269, 379 Fufidius, L 269 funeral orations\nin Athens 16, 184, 339 in Rome 71\nFurias Antias, M. 269 Furies 513 Furius Bibaculus 484–485\nGalba 292\ncharacterized by Tacitus 109–110 speech in Tacitus 132\nGalerius 299 Gallic sack of Rome 70, 392 Gallus Caesar 299 Gaugamela 430, 447 Gauls 352–353, 360–361, 377, 395,\n494, 500–502, 575\nin Caesar 501–502\nGaza 570, 576\nGedrosian desert 215, 429 Gelasius of Cyzicus 575–576 Gellius, Aulus 393, 525 Gellius, Cn. 263–264, 392, 485 Gelon 173, 191, 197, 199, 354 genealogies 5, 16–17, 21, 23, 506 generals, speeches of 127–129 geography 28, 46\nand history 541–552 cultural-descriptive 541–552 passim mathematical-physical 544–552 passim\nGerman Wars, of elder Pliny 293 Germanicus 487\nvisit to Egypt in Tacitus 133–144\nGermans 440, 502 Gibbon, Edward 41, 290, 294–295,\n477, 480\nGilgamesh 15, 223 Glabrio 432 gnōmē 32, 42–43, 82, 123, 331\nxumpasa gnōmē in Thucydides 330\ngods\nin Herodotus 96 in Xenophon 96\nGolosses 352 Gordian knot 431, 433 Gorgias 16, 337–338 Gorgopas 345 Gospels 25, 530 Gothic War 474, 478–479 Goths 478, 479, 498, 569–570, 573,\n579–580\nGracchus see Sempronius Gracchus grammar 20 grammarians 20–21 grammatical theory 20–21 grammatici / grammatikoi 517,\n521–527 passim\ngrammatikē 517 Gratian 478 Graupius, Mons 434–440, 534 Graves, Robert 275–276 Great Rhetra 64 Greek Daniel 233 Greek, need for knowledge of 137 Gregory of Nyssa 575 Gregory of Tours 568 Gregory, patriarch of Antioch 577\nGeneral Index 687\nGrumentum 392 Gyges 42 Gyges-Drama 505 gymnosophists 451\nHadrian 451, 525, 569\nhis farewell to his soul 452\nHaemus, Mt. 397–403 Hagia Sophia 576 Hamilcar 490 Hamlet 507 Hanging Gardens of Babylon 222 Hannibal 65, 75, 104, 246, 260, 284–285,\n352, 361, 380, 486, 488, 490–491\ncharacterization of, by Livy 109 evalution of, in Livy 106\nHannibalic War see Punic War, Second Harpagus 511 Harpocration 525 Hasdrubal 352–353, 393–394 Hasmoneans 241 Hebrew scriptures 238 Hecabe 507 Hecataeus of Abdera 226, 496 Hecataeus of Miletus 5–6, 17–18, 28, 68,\n77–79, 81–82, 84–85, 147, 173, 495, 508, 547, 553\nGenealogies 5, 28, 46 Periēgēsis / Periodos Gēs 5, 46 as much-traveling man 46 authority of 499 speeches in 118\nHecate 491 Hector 448–449, 467, 510 Hegel, G. W. F. 333 Hegemon of Alexandria 150 Heine, Heinrich 324 Helen 83, 323, 509 Heliodorus 354 Hellanicus of Lesbos 5, 33, 68, 78, 175,\n181, 184–186, 190, 192, 200–202, 337, 517–518\nPriestesses of Hera at Argos 5, 51, 64 relationship to Herodotus 202 use of myth 84\nHellenica 8, 48, 162\nas title 161 scope of 161–170\nstarting points of 162–163 see also history, continuous; Theopompus,\nHellenica; Xenophon, Hellenica\nHellenica Oxyrhynchia 48, 161, 163, 166,\n169, 173, 241, 250\ninscriptions in 61–62\nHellespont 347 Hephaestus 323 Hephaistion 213 Hera 490, 517 Heracleidae, Return of 34, 184, 522 Heracleides, historian of Persia 165 Heracleides of Cumae 200, 206–207 Heracleides of Pontus 69, 245, 253 Heracles 45, 82–83, 85, 215, 237,\n240, 253, 260, 432\nHeraclitus 31–32, 35, 42 Heraclius 571 Hercules 399 Hermias 165 Hermippus of Smyrna 529, 538 Hermocrates 92, 191, 193, 196, 336, 554\nin Timaeus 198\nHermogenes 195 Hermotimus of Pedasa 453 Herodian 295–297 Herodotus 1–2, 4–7, 13, 17, 18, 23, 28,\n30–31, 33–38, 41–42, 56, 65–66, 77, 79, 84, 91, 93, 96, 103–105, 107, 147, 153, 158, 165, 167–168, 175–176, 191–192, 200–201, 203, 206, 221–222, 225–226, 235, 244–245, 247, 251, 253, 255–256, 262, 264, 322–328, 340, 343–344, 373, 441, 447, 449–450, 453, 464, 483, 493, 495–497, 499–501, 504–506, 510, 512, 515, 517–519, 537–538, 547, 553, 554, 560, 567, 572\nand Ctesias 204 and myth 82–83 as model for Thucydides’ monograph 147 as universal historian 171 authorial presence of 322 commentary on, by Aristarchus 20 Constitutional Debate in 119 defines memorable achievements 91–92 development of 6 difference from Thucydides in\ninquiry 47–48\n688 General Index\nform of his work 154–155 gods in 96 his ‘‘starting point’’ provided by\nXanthus 46\ninfluential on Hellenistic writers 49 inquiry in 42–48 judgment in 94–95 Livy as Roman 280 memorialization in 100–101 methods of inquiry 40 model for Ionic style 22 narrative shape of 98–99 narrator 30 on Egypt 186 on Thermopylae 315–321 praised by Dionysius for his\narrangement 154–155\npublic readings of 23 relationship to Hellanicus 202 source-citations 82 sources of 323 use of inscriptions 57–58 variant version in 94\nheroic age 78 Hesiod 68, 81, 499\nCatalogue of Women 79, 495\nHesychius 568 heurēmata 517 Hiero 191 Hieronymus of Cardia 160, 164 Hipparchus 542, 548 Hippias of Elis 49, 519 Hippo 575 Hippocrates 496 Hippocratic medicine, and Thucydides 48 Hippolytus 509, 577 Hippys 190 Hirtius, A. 272–273, 484, 530 histoire événementielle 54 histōr 29, 37, 42 historia 34–38, 40, 515\nand science 31 as literary genre 31–32 as mode of knowledge 31–36; see also\ninquiry\ncontrasted with annales 41\nhistorian\nas benefactor 178\nas distinguished from annalists 8 as exile 24 as judge 22 as stylistic models 22–23 canon of 20, 23, 216 in political life 24 similarities with orator 22 relationship to power 24–25\nhistoriarum enarratio see narration of\nhistories\nhistorical consciousness 27, 30 historical cycle 22 historical exemplum see exemplum historiē 28–29, 31, 32, 42–44, 77, 94, 515 historikon meros 20 historiographos 31, 34 historiography\nas literary genre 17–19 developmental model of 4–8 ‘‘literary’’ vs. ‘‘scientific’’ approach 3–4\nhistoriōn apodosis see narration of histories history\nancient concept of 13–14 and antiquarianism 515–527 and biography 434, 528–540 and ethnography 493–503 and geography 541–552 and myth 76–88 and panegyric 476–480 and poetry 322 and rhetoric 51, 142–143 and tragedy 173, 504–514, 558–560 and truth 42 as science 18 Christian notion of 572 contemporary (Zeitgeschichte) 41, 546 continuous (perpetua historia) 6, 8,\n159–170\ndistinct from annals 280 family 186 local 180–188 notion of, attacked by modern\nscholars 89–90\nof actions and events 30 of processes 30 positivist 34–35 pragmatic 250 ‘‘tragic’’ 506, 513–514, 558\nGeneral Index 689\nhistory (cont’d )\nuniversal 34, 149, 157, 171–179 universal, benefits of 179\nHobbes, Thomas 338 Homer 14–19, 33, 41, 42, 60, 68,\n77, 79, 82, 85, 91, 94, 97, 128–129, 372–373, 422–423, 448–449, 467, 483, 486, 494–495, 506, 510, 512, 527, 543, 550, 556\nCatalogue of Ships 15–16, 550 influence on history 153–158 Iliad 15, 153, 156, 423, 495,\n510, 522, 525\nOdyssey 487, 556; 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The use of the autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) and generalised ARCH (GARCH) approaches introduced by Engle (1982) and Bollerslev (1986), respectively, allow us to proxy uncertainty using the conditional variance of unpredictable shocks to the inßation rate. In addition, the ARCH-in-mean (ARCH-M) model suggested by Engle et al. (1987) allows the econometric testing of the effect of a change in the variance of the series on the series itself. Engle (1983) and Bollerslev (1986), making use of the ARCH techniques, did not perform a statistical test of the Friedman-Ball hypothesis but only compared the estimated conditional variance series with the US average inßation rate over various time periods. Grier and Perry (1998) used the estimated conditional variance from a GARCH model and employed Granger-causality tests to test for the direction of causality between average inßation and inßation uncertainty.","Engle (1983) and Bollerslev (1986), making use of the ARCH techniques, did not perform a statistical test of the Friedman-Ball hypothesis but only compared the estimated conditional variance series with the US average inßation rate over various time periods.","We also Þnd strong evidence in support of the Friedman-Ball view.","By including lagged inßation in the conditional variance equation, and the conditional variance in the inßation equation, we can simultaneously test the Friedman-Ball hypothesis and the Cukierman-Meltzer theory.","Our empirical analysis, in sharp contrast with existing evidence, shows that there is a strong positive bi-directional relationship between inßation and inßation uncertainty, in agreement with the predictions of economic theory expressed by the Cukierman-Meltzer theory and the Friedman-Ball view.","We also Þnd strong evidence in support of the Friedman-Ball view. The rest of the paper is outlined as follows: Section 2 provides a brief exposition of the theory behind the inßation-inßation uncertainty relationship, and our theoretical econometric model. Section 3 derives a number of theoretical results on the covariance structure of the inßation rate and inßation uncertainty. Section 4 presents our empirical approach, our results, and an interpretation. Finally, section 5 summarizes the major conclusions. 1Using a Component GARCH-M model of inßation that includes lagged inßation in the conditional variance, Grier and Perry (1998) estimate simultaneously the relationship between inßation and inßation uncertainty.","Friedman (1977) and Ball (1992) have provided intuitive and formal arguments, respectively, that result in a positive inßuence of higher inßation on the uncertainty about inßation. The opposite type of causation between inßation and uncertainty has also been analysed in the theoretical macroeconomics literature. Cukierman and Meltzer (1986) employ the Barro-Gordon set up and show that an increase in uncertainty about money growth and inßation will increase the optimal average inßation rate because it provides an incentive to the policymaker to create an inßation surprise in order to stimulate output growth. The use of the autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) and generalised ARCH (GARCH) approaches introduced by Engle (1982) and Bollerslev (1986), respectively, allow us to proxy uncertainty using the conditional variance of unpredictable shocks to the inßation rate. In addition, the ARCH-in-mean (ARCH-M) model suggested by Engle et al. (1987) allows the econometric testing of the effect of a change in the variance of the series on the series itself. Engle (1983) and Bollerslev (1986), making use of the ARCH techniques, did not perform a statistical test of the Friedman-Ball hypothesis but only compared the estimated conditional variance series with the US average inßation rate over various time periods. Grier and Perry (1998) used the estimated conditional variance from a GARCH model and employed Granger-causality tests to test for the direction of causality between average inßation and inßation uncertainty. Baillie et al. (1996) performed these tests simultaneously in a single model by including lagged inßation in the conditional variance equation and the conditional standard","Friedman (1977) and Ball (1992) have provided intuitive and formal arguments, respectively, that result in a positive inßuence of higher inßation on the uncertainty about inßation. The opposite type of causation between inßation and uncertainty has also been analysed in the theoretical macroeconomics literature. Cukierman and Meltzer (1986) employ the Barro-Gordon set up and show that an increase in uncertainty about money growth and inßation will increase the optimal average inßation rate because it provides an incentive to the policymaker to create an inßation surprise in order to stimulate output growth. The use of the autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) and generalised ARCH (GARCH) approaches introduced by Engle (1982) and Bollerslev (1986), respectively, allow us to proxy uncertainty using the conditional variance of unpredictable shocks to the inßation rate.","Friedman (1977) and Ball (1992) have provided intuitive and formal arguments, respectively, that result in a positive inßuence of higher inßation on the uncertainty about inßation. The opposite type of causation between inßation and uncertainty has also been analysed in the theoretical macroeconomics literature. Cukierman and Meltzer (1986) employ the Barro-Gordon set up and show that an increase in uncertainty about money growth and inßation will increase the optimal average inßation rate because it provides an incentive to the policymaker to create an inßation surprise in order to stimulate output growth. The use of the autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) and generalised ARCH (GARCH) approaches introduced by Engle (1982) and Bollerslev (1986), respectively, allow us to proxy uncertainty using the conditional variance of unpredictable shocks to the inßation rate. In addition, the ARCH-in-mean (ARCH-M) model suggested by Engle et al. (1987) allows the econometric testing of the effect of a change in the variance of the series on the series itself.","Friedman (1977) and Ball (1992) have provided intuitive and formal arguments, respectively, that result in a positive inßuence of higher inßation on the uncertainty about inßation.","Friedman s intuitive result has also been subsequently derived formally by Ball (1992) in an asymmetric information game where the public faces uncertainty about the type of the policymaker.","Friedman (1977) and Ball (1992) have provided intuitive and formal arguments, respectively, that result in a positive inßuence of higher inßation on the uncertainty about inßation. The opposite type of causation between inßation and uncertainty has also been analysed in the theoretical macroeconomics literature. Cukierman and Meltzer (1986) employ the Barro-Gordon set up and show that an increase in uncertainty about money growth and inßation will increase the optimal average inßation rate because it provides an incentive to the policymaker to create an inßation surprise in order to stimulate output growth. The use of the autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) and generalised ARCH (GARCH) approaches introduced by Engle (1982) and Bollerslev (1986), respectively, allow us to proxy uncertainty using the conditional variance of unpredictable shocks to the inßation rate. In addition, the ARCH-in-mean (ARCH-M) model suggested by Engle et al. (1987) allows the econometric testing of the effect of a change in the variance of the series on the series itself. Engle (1983) and Bollerslev (1986), making use of the ARCH techniques, did not perform a statistical test of the Friedman-Ball hypothesis but only compared the estimated conditional variance series with the US average inßation rate over various time periods.","Overall, the empirical evidence on the Friedman-Ball view is rather mixed6.","They Þnd that inßation has a positive effect on inßation uncertainty (the Friedman-Ball hypothesis), but uncertainty has no signiÞcant impact on inßation.","Friedman (1977) and Ball (1992) have provided intuitive and formal arguments, respectively, that result in a positive inßuence of higher inßation on the uncertainty about inßation. The opposite type of causation between inßation and uncertainty has also been analysed in the theoretical macroeconomics literature. Cukierman and Meltzer (1986) employ the Barro-Gordon set up and show that an increase in uncertainty about money growth and inßation will increase the optimal average inßation rate because it provides an incentive to the policymaker to create an inßation surprise in order to stimulate output growth."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,["result"],null,["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],null,null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4958886618,"citingcorpusid":271359736,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It is mentioned in a letter (Buddhadatta 1962, p. 9) that Siamese monks sent two letters to Ceylon on a ship belonging to Muslims ( Musalam¯an¯anam.","…of Pavaranivesa Temple, to Saddh¯atissa Thera of Colombo and the senior and junior monks of Burmese Lineage ( Mrammavam. sik¯a ), indicates that a group of Sinhalese monks and lay followers had visited Siam on a ship and were given accommodation at Pavaranivesa Temple (Buddhadatta 1962, pp. 67–69).","The author, who belonged to the Dhammayuttika sect, states that it was not his duty to do so and that the monks of the Up¯ali sect should have come and invited them themselves (Buddhadatta 1962, pp. 67–69).","It is evident from the letter sent in the year 2385 B.E. (Buddhadatta 1962, pp. 8–14) that, when this group of monks and lay Buddhists were offered an audience with the king while the king was visiting Pavaranivesa Temple for the Katina Robe offering ceremony, they informed the king of their…","A letter (Buddhadatta 1962, pp. 67–69) sent by Sobhitasirivisuddhivam. sa Thera, at the request of Vajirañ¯an. amakut. asammatavam. sa Thera , the chief monk of Pavaranivesa Temple, to Saddh¯atissa Thera of Colombo and the senior and junior monks of Burmese Lineage ( Mrammavam. sik¯a ), indicates…","One letter (Buddhadatta 1962, pp. 8–14) sent by a group of ten senior monks of the Pavaranivesa Temple of Bangkok to senior monks and others on the Island of Sinhalese ( S¯ıhalad¯ıpa ) in B.E. 2385 (C.E. 1842) contains many interesting details concerning interactions between Buddhists in the two…","In a letter (Buddhadatta 1962, pp. 39–49) sent by a group of ten Dhammayuttika monks to all sects of monks on the island of Lanka ( Lankad¯ıpa ) in 2387 B.E. (1844 C.E.), the names of the monks are mentioned.","Another letter (Buddhadatta 1962, pp. 50–58) was sent by the Executive Committee of Ten Monks of Dhammayuttika Nik¯aya to the monks of all sects in Sri Lanka and to the lay Buddhists who were interested in learning about the situation regarding Buddhism in Siam.","Therefore, monks who had been to Sri Lanka, such as Pilinda , Amara , or Buddhav¯ıra , and some monks who had never been to Sri Lanka, such as Anoma or Hemaka , would be sent to Sri Lanka next time (Buddhadatta 1962, pp. 67–69).","In a letter (Buddhadatta 1962, pp. 90–94) sent by Devamoli Mahathera to the monks of Asgiriya Temple ( hayagiri vih¯arav¯as¯ı ) in the year 2389 B.E. (1846 C.E.), a summary of the history of Buddhism in Thailand up until the contemporary period is given."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1667957946,"citingcorpusid":205427134,"citedcorpusid":5463518,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["報道解禁日：日本時間 2017 年 8 月 2 日午前 2 時・2 日朝刊\n１．背景 免疫系は、細菌、ウイルス、がん細胞などの多様な病原体を排除して身体を守 るように高度に進化したシステムです。一方で、免疫応答が過剰になると正常な 細胞や組織にも害を及ぼし、さまざまな病気を引き起こします。このため、免疫 系が適切に働くためには免疫応答のバランスを保つ仕組みが重要です。 制御性 T 細胞（Treg 細胞）は免疫応答を抑える機能を持ち、自己免疫疾患、 炎症性疾患、アレルギー疾患などを引き起こす過剰な免疫応答を抑制していま す。逆に Treg 細胞が過剰に働くと、がん細胞などの病原体に対する免疫応答を 抑制し、がんの成長を助けてしまうと考えられています。 2003 年に堀チームリーダーと大阪大学免疫フロンティア研究センターの坂 口志文特任教授らは、ヒト自己免疫疾患 IPEX 症候群の原因遺伝子として同定さ れた転写因子 Foxp3 が Treg 細胞に選択的に発現し、その発生・分化と免疫抑制 機能をつかさどる“マスター転写因子”として働くことを明らかにしました。こ の発見以降、Treg 細胞の分化と機能のメカニズムについての研究が世界中で進 められ、Foxp3 は Treg 細胞において 300 個を超える他の転写因子と複合体を形 成してゲノム上数千に及ぶ場所に結合し、Treg 細胞の遺伝子発現を制御してい ることが明らかにされました。しかし、Foxp3 の標的遺伝子は多数あるために、 どの遺伝子が Treg のどのような性質を制御しているのかについては十分理解さ れていませんでした。 そこで研究チームは、IPEX症候群において見つかっているFoxp3変異の中に、 機能的に重要な特定の標的遺伝子の発現に影響を与えて Treg 細胞の働きを弱め るものがあるのではないかと考えました。そして、Foxp3 の DNA 結合を担うフ ォークヘッドドメインに見つかっている三つのミスセンス変異（I363V［363 番 目のイソロイシンのヴァリンへの置換］、A384T［384 番目のアラニンのスレオ ニンへの置換]、R397W［397 番目のアルギニンのトリプトファンへの置換］）に 着目し、これらの変異が Treg 細胞の遺伝子発現と機能に与える影響を詳しく調 べることにしました。\n２．研究手法と成果\n研究チームは、I363V、A384T、R397W の三つの変異を導入した遺伝子改変マ\nウスを作製し、変異が Treg 細胞の機能と遺伝子発現に与える影響を調べました。 その結果、I363V 変異と R397W 変異は、Treg 細胞に特有の遺伝子の発現を大き く変化させて試験管内で T 細胞増殖を抑制する機能を障害する機能欠失型変異 であることが分かりました。一方、これらとは異なり A384T 変異体は、一部の Treg 細胞特有の遺伝子の発現のみを選択的に変化させるものの、試験管内での 抑制機能を障害しませんでした。しかし、I363V、R397W 変異マウスのみならず、 A384T 変異マウスも自己免疫疾患を自然発症したことから、A384T 変異は Treg 細胞の生体内での抑制機能を障害することが分かりました。\n次に、A384T 変異により Treg 細胞の生体内での抑制機能が障害される原因を 明らかにするために、マウスのさまざまな組織での Treg 細胞の割合を調べまし\nた。その結果、皮膚や肺といった炎症を起こす非リンパ組織において、Treg 細 胞の割合が減少し、逆に炎症を起こすヘルパーT 細胞[1]の割合が増加していまし た。一方、リンパ節や脾臓といったリンパ組織[6]では、Treg 細胞とヘルパーT 細 胞のバランスに変化はみられませんでした。Treg 細胞は、リンパ節などのリン パ組織を巡回するナイーブ型と、非リンパ組織に局在するエフェクター・メモリ ー型の 2 種類に大別され、前者が抗原による刺激を受けて活性化され、後者に 機能分化していきます。A384T 変異は、ナイーブ型 Treg 細胞がエフェクター・ メモリー型 Treg 細胞へ分化して、非リンパ組織に集積する能力を障害し、この ために組織において免疫応答が抑制できなくなることが分かりました（図 1）。\n続いて、A384T 変異がどの標的遺伝子の発現に影響を与えることにより、エ フェクター・メモリー型 Treg 細胞の機能分化を障害しているのかを調べるため に、マイクロアレイ解析[7]により遺伝子発現を、ChIP-seq 解析[8]により Foxp3 の ゲノム上の結合場所を網羅的に調べました。その結果、Foxp3 の標的遺伝子であ る BATF という転写因子の発現が A384T Treg 細胞で選択的に低下しているこ とを見つけました。BATF の発現低下が A384T Treg 細胞の機能障害の原因であ るかを明らかにするために、BATF 欠損マウスを用いて、その Treg 細胞を詳し く調べました。その結果、BATF 欠損 Treg 細胞は、A384T Treg 細胞と類似した 遺伝子発現を示し、エフェクター・メモリー型 Treg 細胞への機能分化と、生体 内で免疫応答を抑制する機能が障害されていることが分かりました。さらに、レ トロウイルスベクター[9]を用いて、A384T Treg 細胞に BATF を強制発現させて 発現レベルを上げたところ、エフェクター・メモリー型 Treg 細胞の分化と組織 への集積能力、そして生体内における免疫抑制機能が回復しました。以上の結果 から、A384T Treg 細胞の機能障害の一因は BATF の発現低下によることが明ら かになりました（図 1）。\n最後に、A384T 変異により BATF などの特定の標的遺伝子の発現が障害され るメカニズムを調べました。その結果、A384T 変異は Foxp3 による DNA 認識特 異性を拡大させる機能獲得型変異であり、このために Batf 遺伝子のプロモータ ー[10]により強く結合して転写を抑制していることが明らかになりました（図 1）。\n図 1 Foxp3 A384T 変異による自己免疫疾患発症機構\n野生型 Foxp3（Foxp3WT）は GTAAACA などの DNA 配列に結合するが、Foxp3A384T 変異体はそれらに加えて 野生型が認識しない GTCAACA などの DNA 配列にも結合できるようになった機能獲得型変異である。この ために A384T 変異体は Batf プロモーターに野生型よりも強く結合し、その転写を抑制する。転写因子 BATF の発現低下により、A384T 変異型 Treg 細胞は非リンパ組織に局在するエフェクター・メモリー型 Treg 細 胞の分化と組織への集積が障害される。その結果、自己組織に対する免疫応答が抑制できず、自己免疫疾 患を発症する。\n３．今後の期待\n本研究により、転写因子 BATF が Treg 細胞による免疫抑制機能の一端を担う 重要な役割を担っていることが明らかになりました。このことは、Treg 細胞に おいて BATF の発現または機能を強化することで、組織における過剰な免疫応 答を抑制でき、逆にその発現・機能を阻害することで組織における免疫応答を強 化できる可能性を示しており、さまざまな自己免疫疾患、炎症性疾患、アレルギ ー疾患、さらにはがんの治療法の開発につながることが期待できます。\n４．論文情報\n＜タイトル＞ Analyses of a mutant Foxp3 allele reveal BATF as a critical transcription factor in the differentiation and accumulation of tissue regulatory T cells\n＜著者名＞ Norihito Hayatsu, Takahisa Miyao, Masashi Tachibana, Ryuichi Murakami, Akihiko Kimura, Takako Kato, Eiryo Kawakami, Takaho A. Endo, Ruka Setoguchi, Hiroshi Watarai, Takeshi Nishikawa, Takuwa Yasuda, Hisahiro Yoshida, Shohei Hori ＜雑誌＞ Immunity ＜DOI＞ 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.07.008\n５．補足説明\n[1] 制御性 T 細胞（Treg 細胞）、ヘルパーT 細胞 T 細胞は、T 細胞レセプターと呼ばれるタンパク質を細胞表面に持ち、このレセプタ\nーを介して異物を特異的に認識して活性化する。T 細胞はその働きから、ウイルス感 染細胞やがん細胞などを特異的に殺すキラーT 細胞、B 細胞やマクロファージ（食細 胞）など他の免疫細胞に働きかけてその機能を活性化するヘルパーT 細胞に大きく分 類されてきた。さらに最近、T 細胞には、他の免疫細胞（キラーT 細胞、ヘルパーT 細 胞、B 細胞、マクロファージなど）に働きかけて、その活性化を抑制する機能を持つ 制御性 T 細胞（Treg 細胞）と呼ばれる新たな集団が存在することが明らかにされた。 制御性 T 細胞はリンパ組織中、T 細胞の約 5～10％を占め、転写因子 Foxp3（[3]参 照）の発現により、他の T 細胞と区別される。\n[2] 自己免疫疾患 何らかの免疫異常によって自分の身体を構成する物質を異物のように認識し、自己抗\n体や自己に反応するリンパ球を作り、自分の組織を攻撃する疾患。代表的なものに関 節リウマチなどあるが、根本的な治療法は見つかっていない。IPEX 症候群（[5]参照） も自己免疫疾患の一つ。\n[3] Foxp3 ヒトの遺伝性免疫疾患 IPEX 症候群（[5]参照）の原因遺伝子として、2001 年に米国の\n研究グループにより報告された転写因子。2003 年に堀昌平チームリーダーらにより、 この転写因子が Treg 細胞に発現する選択的なマーカーで、その分化と機能を制御す るマスター転写因子（[4]参照）であることが明らかになった。\n[4] マスター転写因子 特定の細胞種に分化するためには、その細胞特有の機能を発現するために必要な一群\nの遺伝子セットを発現し、その細胞とは無関係な一群の遺伝子セットの発現が抑制さ れことが必要である。一般に遺伝子の発現は、遺伝子発現制御領域である特定の DNA 配列に転写因子と呼ばれるタンパク質が結合することで調節されている。細胞分化に 伴ってある特定の転写因子が遺伝子発現制御領域に結合することで、その細胞種特有 の遺伝子発現パターンが誘導されるとき、そのような細胞分化の最初のスイッチとし て機能する転写因子をマスター転写因子と呼ぶ。\n[5] IPEX 症候群\nX 染色体連鎖型劣性の遺伝様式を示し、変異を受け継いだ男子のみが致死性の自己免 疫性・炎症性・アレルギー性免疫疾患を発症する。膵臓、甲状腺、大腸、皮膚などさ まざまな臓器に炎症・組織破壊が起こり、患者は通常生後 1、2 年以内に死亡する。 2001 年にワシントン大学の Chatila ら、ワシントン州立大学の Bennett ら、オレゴン 保健科学大学の Wildin らの研究チームがこの遺伝性免疫疾患の原因遺伝子を同定し、 転写因子 Foxp3 であることを報告した。Immune dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked（X 染色体連鎖型免疫調節異常・多発性内分泌障害・腸症）症候 群の略。\n[6] リンパ組織 免疫反応の担い手であるリンパ球（T 細胞と B 細胞）の発生、分化、増殖、そして抗\n体産生などの機能発現の場となる器官。胸腺、骨髄、リンパ節、脾臓など。\n[7] マイクロアレイ解析 塩基配列が既知の多種類の遺伝子の DNA をプローブとして、プレート上に規則正し\nく貼付けておく。調べたい細胞から mRNA を採取し、蛍光標識する。これをプレート 上に貼付けられた DNA と反応させ、蛍光強度を読み取ることにより、mRNA の発現量 を網羅的かつ定量的に調べることができる。\n[8] ChIP-seq 解析 クロマチン免疫沈降法と次世代シーケンサーを組み合わせた網羅的解析方法。特定の\n転写因子などのタンパク質に対する抗体により免疫沈降を行って、そのタンパク質に 結合している DNA 断片を回収し、次世代シーケンサーを用いてそのタンパク質がゲ ノム上どの場所に結合しているかをゲノムワイドかつ網羅的に解析する方法。ChIP は、 chromatin immunoprecipitation の略。\n[9] レトロウイルスベクター ベクターとは遺伝子の「運び屋」のこと。細胞に感染し遺伝子をうまく内部に運び入\nれてくれるウイルスを利用する場合が多い。1 本鎖 RNA ウイルスであるレトロウイ ルスを用いたベクターがレトロウイルスベクターで、iPS 細胞の作製にも使われてい る。ウイルスが持つ病原性に関する遺伝子は取り除かれている。\n[10] プロモーター ある遺伝子が発現し転写される際に、RNA ポリメラーゼが結合して転写を始めるため\nのゲノム上の領域のこと。\n６．発表者\n＜発表者＞ 理化学研究所 統合生命医科学研究センター 免疫恒常性研究チーム\nチームリーダー（研究当時） 堀 昌平 （ほり しょうへい） （現 客員研究員） （現 東京大学大学院薬学系研究科 免疫・微生物学教室 教授） 研究員（研究当時） 早津 徳人 （はやつ のりひと） テクニカルスタッフⅠ 宮尾 貴久 （みやお たかひさ）",", 2013), many of which are bound by Foxp3 (Samstein et al., 2012), it will be important to address whether those variations result in loss or gain of Foxp3-dependent regulation at key target gene loci.","Furthermore, Foxp3 has been shown to bind to thousands of genomic sites (Marson et al., 2007; Samstein et al., 2012; Zheng et al., 2007) and interact with hundreds of partner proteins (Rudra et al."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3935392871,"citingcorpusid":252221525,"citedcorpusid":1635519,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The average annual cumulative incidence rate (AACIR)2 of ALS among deployed and non-deployed military personnel were computed as 0.57 and 0.38 per 100,000 persons, respectively (Horner et al., 2003).","In an epidemiological investigation regarding ALS among 1991 Gulf War veterans, it was a concern regarding possible under-ascertainment of the cases, especially among the non-deployed veterans who were hypothesized to receive less incentive to participate in the study (Horner et al., 2003).","Details of the study design and data sources can be found in Horner et al. (2003); Coffman et al. (2005a).","38 per 100,000 persons, respectively (Horner et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":4428848457,"citingcorpusid":25070863,"citedcorpusid":1353205,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This direct search technique [30], [31] is a pattern search algorithm [32], similar to the “Evolutionary Operation” search method proposed by Box [33], best suited for problems with a single global extremum."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":264842866,"citingcorpusid":171693,"citedcorpusid":18044660,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["6), which first appeared in [21], should be compared with the independent work of Agrawal, Beigel, and Thierauf [1]."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":4034072124,"citingcorpusid":248890059,"citedcorpusid":244529443,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["We completed a comprehensive search in MEDLINE/ PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google search from June‐August 2021 to identify any publication (i.e., not just limited to peer‐ reviewed articles) on psychosocial oncology in SSA.","While nurses and especially psychiatric nurse practitioners can supplement the work done by psychologists, psychiatric nurse practitioners with psychosocial oncology training are non‐existent in Ghana and most of SSA.","Increased use of virtual platforms such as Zoom Video Communications Inc., San Jose, CA application (zoom.us)58 for education purposes during the coronavirus‐2019 pandemic further expands the possibilities of such training collaborations and could be a promising\nmodel for psychosocial oncology in SSA.","the nature of psychosocial services delivered in Nigeria and the challenges of incorporating psychosocial care in routine oncological care,(19) another outlined the potential benefits and limitations of social work in the delivery of psychosocial care in SSA.(20) Although not specifically focused on SSA, another article summarized a plenary at an IPOS annual meeting that addressed the challenges and opportunities to developing psychosocial oncology care in LMIC.","We also provide an overview of psychosocial oncological care in SSA informed by anecdotal experiences of experts in Ghana and describe the dearth of psychosocial oncological resources (Figure 1) for the clinical care of patients in SSA.","One of the first psycho‐oncology special interest groups was formed under the African Organization for Research and Training in Cancer (AORTIC) which is the largest professional organization for oncology clinicians and researchers in SSA.17 Country‐ specific organizations registered with the International Psychosocial Oncology Society (IPOS) Federation are in Ghana, Nigeria, and Kenya.18,19 Although these psychosocial oncology groups have similar mission statements centered around education, research, and clinical care improvement, there are limited data on the scope of their efforts and how effective they are in accomplishing their goals and mission.","We found only four peer‐reviewed articles that focused on psychosocial oncology in SSA, see Table 1.18–21 While one study described\nF I G U R E 1 Areas for consideration for psychosocial oncology research in sub‐Saharan Africa\nthe nature of psychosocial services delivered in Nigeria and the challenges of incorporating psychosocial care in routine oncological care,19 another outlined the potential benefits and limitations of social work in the delivery of psychosocial care in SSA.20 Although not specifically focused on SSA, another article summarized a plenary at an IPOS annual meeting that addressed the challenges and opportunities to developing psychosocial oncology care in LMIC.21 Additionally, one survey study of leaders from the International Federation of Psycho‐oncology Societies from 28 countries by Grassi and colleagues showed that psycho‐oncology services are underdeveloped in SSA and South East Asia.22 Limited literature on the delivery of psychosocial oncology services in SSA underscores the need for more work to incorporate psychosocial oncology in routine cancer care in SSA.","A nuanced understanding of the psychosocial needs of patients with cancer is essential to exploring viable strategies to address the unmet psychosocial oncology needs in SSA.","The public health burden of cancer in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) is escalating with an estimated 2.12 million new cancer cases per year by 2040.1 The mortality rate from cancer in SSA is 1.5‐4‐fold higher than in high income countries (HIC).2 Compared to HIC, resources for cancer prevention (e.g., vaccines) and early detection measures (e.g., colonoscopy, mammography, Human Papilloma Virus screening) are also abysmal, resulting in delayed diagnosis and more aggressive, late‐stage disease in at least 80% of patients diagnosed with cancer.3 Further, robust and timely cancer diagnostics and treatment options are also lacking in SSA.4,5 In addition to these systemic challenges and scarcity of oncology clinicians in SSA, poverty, low health literacy, and cultural and psychological factors (e.g., fear regarding the etiology and management of cancer) pose significant barriers to timely oncological care.6,7 While much work is desperately needed to enhance early detection, diagnostics, and therapeutics for cancer\ncare in SSA, the unmet psychological needs of patients with cancer are also worthy of consideration and should be tackled.8\nRobust evidence supports that psychological well‐being is essential to navigating the cancer care and treatment cycle.9,10 Despite progress to integrate palliative care into oncological care in low‐and‐middle income countries (LMICs),11,12 the focus of palliative care integration has been on pain relief with less emphasis on the psychological aspects of care.13,14 Although increased burden of physical symptoms and pain from often more aggressive disease in the setting of limited treatment options contributes significantly to this emotional suffering, data on best ways to assess and manage the psychological needs of the cancer population in SSA is non‐ existent.15,16 Consequently, psychosocial oncology, the cancer specialty that addresses psychological, behavioral, and social concerns of patients with cancer and their caregivers has not been a focus of oncology work in most LMICs.8\nIn the past decade, multidisciplinary groups of clinicians in SSA including psychologists, nurses, and oncologists have used interest groups and societies to coordinate efforts of educating patients and\nPsycho‐Oncology.","These cases are not intended to provide clinical guidance for the delivery of psychosocial oncological care in Ghana or SSA but to provide psychosocial oncology clinicians who are not familiar with the region a description of the lived experience of providing psychosocial oncology care in SSA.","In doing so, we strive to illustrate care at the patient level and to provide some context for those who have no experience caring for patients in SSA.","We propose four preliminary areas for consideration in addressing psychosocial oncological care in SSA.","Although social workers constitute the majority of psychosocial oncology clinicians in HICs, social workers in Ghana and most SSA countries lack training in psychosocial oncology and are not part of routine oncological clinical teams.(20) With ongoing shortages of oncologists and other specialized oncology clinicians in SSA,(1) oncology clinicians are not poised to screen and assess for the psychological needs of their patients.","T h o u gh\nt d ia ry .\ninfluence distress, 2) approaches to identifying and changing distorted thinking, and 3) coping skills enhancement to manage the stressors along the cancer care continuum, are routinely offered by psychosocial oncology clinicians in SSA.45,46 Stress management with mindfulness and relaxation techniques are also frequently offered to patients with cancer in SSA.47\nAlthough peer‐based interventions have been successfully used and associated with improved patient‐reported outcomes (e.g., social support), very few formal peer‐based resources exist in SSA.48,49 Hence, trained cancer survivors and their caregivers can serve as effective peer mentors who can help address some of the psychological burden of the cancer population."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":1095751518,"citingcorpusid":134840388,"citedcorpusid":153758808,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These national departments include the DWS, the DEA, and DAFF (Glazewski, 2013).","The integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategies into wetlands management in the Eastern Free State, South Africa 48 (Glazewski, 2013).","The main objective of CMS is to protect migratory species which move in large populations across national boundaries, especially African species of wild animals which migrate annually to the northern hemisphere and within the continent (Glazewski, 2013).","Besides, there are 17 Ramsar designated wetlands in South Africa (Glazewski, 2013) though the RCS (2013) puts the figures at 21.","Actually, there is no wetland protection act as such and many legislations that address wetlands management are haphazard and uncoordinated (Glazewski, 2013).","Wetland management legislation can take the form of a legislative act, regulations, a policy, a planning document, programmes or even an informal understanding among the wetlands stakeholders (Glazewski, 2013).","The convention places emphasis on signatory countries to undertake ecological, economic and social feasibility studies of wetlands in order to establish wetland rehabilitation and restoration programmes, as well as to promote the ‘wise use’ concept of wetlands within their territories (Armstrong, 2009; Glazewski, 2013).","South Africa acceded to this convention in 1999 and in the same year the South African World Heritage Convention Act, Act 49 of 1999, was enacted (Glazewski, 2013).","The other three are the Sterkfontein caves, Robben Island and the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park (Glazewski, 2013).","........................187\nFigure 7.4 Global mean warming since 1951 .................................................................................189\nFigure 7.5 The tipping effect of the global greenhouse gases budget ............................................190\nFigure 7.6 Global averaged combined land and ocean surface temperature anomaly ..................191\nFigure 7.7 Global average sea level change ..................................................................................192\nFigure 7.8 The hydro-illogical cycle .................................................................................................195\nFigure 7.9 Projected global average surface temperature change at different RCPs ....................198\nThe integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategies into wetlands management in the Eastern Free State, South Africa xxiii\nFigure 7.10 Projected sea level rise at different representative concentration pathways .................199\nFigure 8.1 Basic process of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation ......................222\nFigure 8.2 Alignment of the Africa disaster risk reduction strategy objectives and the Hyogo Framework for Action priorities ......................................................................................222\nFigure 8.3 Coastal risk ....................................................................................................................228\nFigure 8.4 Coastal mangroves ........................................................................................................229\nFigure 8.5 Multiple lines of defense, an example of a hybrid approach..........................................233\nFigure 8.6 Green versus grey infrastructure to mitigate storm surges ............................................234\nFigure 8.7 A framework for the analysis of resilience in social−ecological systems.......................237\nFigure 8.8 Components and progress of resilience ........................................................................238\nFigure 8.9 Linkages between climate change, ecosystem degradation and increased disaster risk ..................................................................................................................................241\nFigure 8.10 The role of sustainable ecosystem management in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation .........................................................................................................241\nFigure 8.11 The link between climate change, disasters and development .....................................244\nFigure 8.12 Interlinked approaches to manage disaster risk and adapt to climate change..............247\nFigure 8.13 Overlap between disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation .....................250\nFigure 8.14 Enabling environment to mainstream disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation ......................................................................................................................251\nFigure 9.1 The selected tertiary catchment and the pro rata contribution of valley-bottom wetlands .........................................................................................................................260\nFigure 9.2 Overlaid map of land ownership corresponding to the selected wetlands ....................261\nFigure 10.1 Type of private wetlands sampled .................................................................................273\nFigure 10.2 Percentage of wetland area to the total surface area of the land owned ......................274\nFigure 10.3 Wetland ownership ........................................................................................................274\nFigure 10.4 Suggested placement of wetland functions by private respondents .............................278\nFigure 10.5 Dominant use of private wetlands in the eastern Free State .........................................285\nFigure 10.6 Selective use of some wetlands ....................................................................................289\nFigure 10.7 Poor land use leads to exportation of top soil through erosion at Moolmanshoek wetland ...........................................................................................................................290\nFigure 10.8 Wetland rehabilitation work in progress at Moolmanshoek wetland ..............................290\nFigure 10.9 The rehabilitated Moolmanshoek wetland in good ecological state and exporting clean water to downstream users ............................................................................................291\nFigure 10.10 Average annual rainfall anomaly for the Free State ......................................................293\nFigure 10.11 Annual temperature distribution for the Frankfort weather station (1970 to 2014) ........294\nFigure 10.12 Annual temperature distribution for Bethlehem weather station (1981 to 2014) ...........294\nFigure 10.13 Annual rainfall for the Frankfort weather station (1970 to 2014) ...................................295\nFigure 10.14 Annual rainfall for the Bethlehem weather station (1978 to 2014) ................................295\nThe integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategies into wetlands management in the Eastern Free State, South Africa xxiv\nFigure 10.15 Suggested roles that wetlands can play in mitigating climate change by interviewed experts on climate in the Free State ..............................................................................297\nFigure 11.1 Wetlands Heilbron in the eastern Free State used as a cemetery ................................303\nFigure 11.2 Road construction across wetlands affects wetland hydrology .....................................304\nFigure 11.3 An example of an overgrazed wetland in the study area, showing spaces with no grass cover ..............................................................................................................................305\nFigure 11.4: Suggested intensity of seasonal grazing in sweetveld and sourveld areas for summer rainfall conditions such as in the eastern Free State .....................................................309\nFigure 11.5 Proposed Integrated Framework for Wetland Management for the eastern Free State Province, South Africa ...................................................................................................323\nThe integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategies into wetlands management in the Eastern Free State, South Africa xxv\nLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS\nACC Africa Conservation Centre ACCRA Africa Climate Change Resilience Alliance BBC Birkmann, Bogardi and Cardona Model CARA Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act CBD Conventional on Biological Diversity CCA Climate Change Adaptation CDC Centre for Disease Control CEM Centre for Environmental Management CHESM Coupled Human−Environment System Model CMS Conservation of Migratory Species CNRD Centre for Natural Resources Development CoGTA Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs COP Conference of Parties DAFF Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries DEA Department of Environmental Affairs DEAT Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism DESTEA Department of Economic, Small Business Development, Tourism and\nEnvironmental Affairs\nDETEA-FS Department of Economic Development, Tourism and Environmental Affairs,\nFree State Province\nDFID The UK Department for International Development DiMTEC Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa DoE Department of Education DRDLR Department of Rural Development and Land Reform DRR Disaster Risk Reduction DWA Department of Water Affairs DWS Department of Water and Sanitation EbA Ecosystem-based Adaptation Eco-DRR/CCA Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation EEA European Environment Agency EERI Environmental Emergency Risk Index eFS Eastern Free State EIA Environmental Impact Assessment\nThe integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategies into wetlands management in the Eastern Free State, South Africa xxvi\nEMP Environmental Management Plan EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency EPI Environmental Performance Index EPWP Extended Public Works Programmes ERA Environmental risk assessment EVI Environmental Vulnerability Index EWT Endangered Wildlife Trust GDP Gross Domestic Product GWP Global Water Partnership HFA Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015 IAPs Invasive Alien Plants IDNDR International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction IEM Integrated Environmental Management IEMP Integrated Environmental Management Plan IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Society InfoRM Index for Risk Management IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature IWMF Integrated wetland management framework JEU Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit MA Millennium Ecosystem Assessment MDGs Millennium Development Goals MOVE Methods for the improvement of vulnerability assessment in Europe MWP Mondi Wetland Project NDMF The South Africa National Disaster Management Framework NEMA National Environmental Management Act NFEPA National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Areas NGOs Non-governmental organisations NRMPs National Resources Management Programmes NSTC National Science and Technology Council NWA National Water Act PAR Pressure and Release Model PEDRR Partners for Ecosystems and Disaster Risk Reduction PfR Partners for Resilience RCPs Representative Concentration Pathways RCS Ramsar Convention Secretariat RDP Rural Development Programme\nThe integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategies into wetlands management in the Eastern Free State, South Africa xxvii\nRSS The Royal Society of Science RVA Risk and vulnerability assessment SADC Southern African Development Community SANBI South Africa National Biodiversity Institute SAWS South African Weather Service SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SFDRR Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences StatsSA Statistics South Africa TEEB The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity UCI University of California, Irvine UFS University of the Free State UN United Nations UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environmental Programme UNESCO United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNICEF United Nations Children Emergency Fund UNISDR United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency WCRAI Wetland Classification and Risk Assessment Index WESSA Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa WftC Working for the Coast WfW Working for Water WfWetlands Working for Wetlands WI Wetlands International WMO World Meteorological Organization WoF Working on Fire WRA Wetlands risk assessment WRVA Wetland risk and vulnerability assessment WWF World Wildlife Fund\nThe integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategies into wetlands management in the Eastern Free State, South Africa xxviii\nLIST OF CHEMICAL SYMBOLS AND UNITS OF MEASURE\n°C degrees Celsius\nCFCs chlorofluorocarbons\nCH4 methane\nCO2 carbon dioxide\nGTCO2 gigatons carbon dioxide\nHFCs hydrofluorocarbons\nkm kilometre\nm metre\nN2O nitrous oxide\nNF3 nitrogen trifluoride\nPPCs perfluorocarbons\nSF6 sulphur hexafluoride\nThe integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategies into wetlands management in the Eastern Free State, South Africa xxix\nGLOSSARY OF TERMS AND CONCEPTS\nBIODIVERSITY\nThe richness in living organisms from terrestrial, marine and other forms of aquatic ecosystems that exist in ecological complexes and show diversity within species, between species and the whole ecosystems (UN, 1992).","More than three decades after signing the International Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, 1971), South Africa still does not have a specific act or national policy on wetlands management (Glazewski, 2013; Keevy, 2011; Kidds, 2011; Kotze, 2008)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4529407848,"citingcorpusid":127843437,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This provides the motivation for the present research in Perth's coastal waters, which 58\nhave some unique features.","Sixty diverse meso-scale\nregions covering the entire coastline and continental shelf were defined and described (IMCRA, 44\n1998), with the metropolitan waters of Perth falling on the boundary between the Central West\nCoast (CWC 33) and Leeuwin-Naturaliste (LNE 34) regions.","Satellite images 366\nAdvanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite imagery has been\nreceived in Perth since 1981, and NOAA-14 images for each Hillarys transect date were obtained 368\nfrom the Western Australian Satellite Technology and Applications Consortium (WASTAC).","114\nThe Hillarys Transect surveys complement and extend earlier work on the Perth\ncontinental shelf including the Southern Metropolitan Coastal Waters Study (1991 to 1994; 116\nDepartment of Environmental Protection, 1996) and the Perth Coastal Waters Study (PCWS,\nalso 1991 to 1994; Lord and Hillman, 1995) which examined the assimilative capacity of the 118\nmetropolitan coastal waters for increased effluent loadings from submarine outlets.","On the other hand, in October of both 1997 and 1998 (the latter shown in the lower panel 444\nof Figure 8), an intrusion was curving in towards Rottnest Island from the north -- a remarkably\nsimilar pattern was observed using Landsat imagery in August 1991 (Wyllie et al., 1992; 446\nDepartment of Environmental Protection, 1996; Mills et al., 1996) and showed the interaction\nbetween the Leeuwin Current and a plume of discoloured water from the Peel-Harvey estuary 448\nwell south of Perth.","144\nSteedman and Craig (1983) classified the wind systems into 6 main categories with the\nfollowing speed ranges: land/sea breezes 0 to 15 m/s (spring-to-autumn months), winter high-146\npressure systems about 5 m/s (autumn/winter), low-pressure systems 5 to 20 m/s (throughout the\nyear), summer high-low pressure systems about 5 m/s, dissipating tropical cyclones (which 148\noccasionally extend southwards to the latitude of Perth in summer) 10 to 20 m/s, and calms\ndefined as less than 1.5 m/s.","152\nThe only river of note in the Perth metropolitan area is the Swan River some 25 km to the\nsouth of the transect.","* Perth Diving Academy (PDA) for leasing the Lionfish 2 at very reasonable rates and for much-appreciated assistance from the crew during the surveys.","…the geostrophic inflow, has previously been identified (by its salinity of 576\n>35.8 psu) intruding from the west along the upper slope near Cape Leeuwin (34.5°S; Cresswell\nand Griffin, 2004), off Perth (Greig, 1986; Cresswell and Griffin, 2004) and at Geraldton (29°S; 578\nPearce et al., 1992).","A similar seasonal pattern was 758\nevident in summer/winter sampling in Perth coastal waters in 1991/92 (Department of\nEnvironmental Protection, 1996; Pearce et al., 2000).","Such surface chlorophyll peaks\nmay be associated with the filamentous cyanobacteria Trichodesmium, which is known to form 886\nlarge surface slicks in Perth coastal waters (Institute for Environmental Science, 2002) and was\nnoted to be abundant at the Hillarys mid-shelf stations during December 1998 (Fearns et al., 888\nsubmitted).","As part of a national program for validation of both SST (NOAA-AVHRR) and ocean 80\ncolour (SeaWiFS) satellite imagery, monthly surveys were undertaken on a transect across the\ncontinental shelf off Perth in southwestern Australia (Figure 1) between 1996 and 1998.","2011\n2006 The Hillarys Transect (1): Seasonal and cross-shelf variability of physical and chemical water properties off Perth, Western Australia, 1996-98 Alan Pearce Mervyn Lynch Christine Hanson Edith Cowan University\nFollow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks\nPart of the Oceanography Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons\n10.1016/j.csr.2006.05.008 Revised manuscript for Continental Shelf Research (ISSN: 0278-4343) click here for publication home page and article index This Journal Article is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks/2200\nThe Hillarys Transect (1): Seasonal and cross-shelf variability of physical and\nchemical water properties off Perth, Western Australia, 1996-98\nA.F. Pearce *,1 , M.J. Lynch 2 and C.E. Hanson\n1,3\n1 CSIRO Marine Research, Private Bag 5, Wembley, Western Australia 6913, Australia.","The intensive\nfieldwork component of the PCWS has given way to an ongoing monitoring project (“Perth 128\nLong-term Ocean Outlet Monitoring” = PLOOM) which has subsequently sampled the water\nquality in the vicinity of the coastal outlets in the Perth area on a regular basis (e.g. Institute for 130\nEnvironmental Science, 2002).","With rapid growth in\nthe population of metropolitan Perth (the capital city of Western Australia) and the resulting 90\npressures on the coastal marine environment, it is increasingly important that the water\nproperties on the continental shelf are well understood.","Another source of nearshore nutrients is submarine groundwater discharge (SGD, 834\nmentioned above) which is extremely high in nitrate levels (Johannes, 1980; Johannes and\nHearn, 1985) and may well be an important seasonal source of nutrients in Perth coastal waters, 836\nalthough Lourey et al. (2006) suggest the effect may be rather localised in extent.","5.5 General comments 1052\nDespite the simplicity of the methods used, this project has yielded some significant\nadvances in our knowledge of the water properties and the plankton regime across the 1054\ncontinental shelf off Perth, and provides a good foundation for further work in this area.","86\nTo improve our knowledge of the physical and biological processes on the continental\nshelf off Perth, the opportunity was also taken to monitor a much wider range of physical, optical 88\nand biological quantities than those required simply for satellite validation.","E-mail: c.hanson@ecu.edu.au\nRevised manuscript for Continental Shelf Research\nApril 2006\nAbstract\nA 27-month study of the water properties across the continental shelf off Perth, Western 2\nAustralia (the \"Hillarys Transect\") has provided the first systematic inter-disciplinary\nclimatology of the physical, chemical, optical and biological cycles across the shelf.","574\nHigh-salinity South Indian Central Water (Rochford, 1969; Cresswell, 1991), which may\nperhaps be linked with the geostrophic inflow, has previously been identified (by its salinity of 576\n>35.8 psu) intruding from the west along the upper slope near Cape Leeuwin (34.5°S; Cresswell\nand Griffin, 2004), off Perth (Greig, 1986; Cresswell and Griffin, 2004) and at Geraldton (29°S; 578\nPearce et al., 1992).","* Rose Lerch (Department of Water, Perth) for Swan River streamflow data.","Inshore surface salinities were well\nabove 36 psu in summer (exceeding 36.6 psu in February 1997) as a result of evaporation (Zaker 486\net al., submitted); monthly evaporation at Perth exceeds 250 mm in mid-summer (Bureau of\nMeteorology, 1966), and this high-salinity water extended as far offshore as station H20 in 1997 488\nand H15 in 1998.","A seasonal wind-driven inshore 218\ncountercurrent (the Capes Current -- Pearce and Pattiaratchi, 1999; Gersbach et al., 1999;\nCresswell and Griffin, 2004) forms near or south of Cape Leeuwin some 250 km south of Perth, 220\nassociated with localised upwelling between Cape Leeuwin and Cape Naturaliste and forming\nthe main source of the Current (Gersbach et al., 1999; Hanson et al., 2005a).","These results effectively matched some earlier measurements made in 20 m water depth 4 236\nkm west of Point Peron just south of Perth (Steedman and Associates, 1981) which showed a\nvery distinct switch between northwards currents from October to April and a net southwards 238\nflow between May and September."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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Bourdieu wrote that even though we can only understand the structure of social space by observing interactions, it must be kept in mind that “structures are not reducible to interactions between two people talking. There is far more going on than meets the eye” [2014 (2012), 111-112]. In his approach to the nation-state, Bourdieu was more interested in its symbolic and cognitive aspects – the commonsense knowledge that classified people, places, and things – than he was in its physical boundaries and physical divisions within it. This raises the question of territorial boundaries and of how Bourdieu’s approach to the nation-state as a social space both draws upon earlier approaches and complements those of his contemporaries. Earlier approaches to social space in sociology and anthropology dealt primarily with small-scale societies, with a focus on the ways that spatial organization is a reflection of social structures. Bourdieu was influenced by the structuralist perspectives of Lévi-Strauss as well as by the more interactionist perspectives of theorists such Simmel [1950], Goffman [1963], and Halbwachs [1950], who wrote about social proximity and distance among social actors or groups of people in social space.","He adopted a more symbolic approach to understandings of the relationship between physical space and social space than did writers such as Henri Lefebvre [1991 (1974) and 2009], who was focused more on the materiality of space.(3) The phrase “social space,” which can be traced back to Durkheim, appears frequently in recent scholarship, although, as I have previously shown [Reed-Danahay 2015a], the meanings and uses of “social space” are quite varied – especially regarding the degree to which emphasis is placed either on the material and built environment or on issues of social distance or proximity.(4) Often lost in partial readings of Bourdieu is that he understood social space not as the physical space where social interactions take place but, rather, in terms of a structure of symbolic classifications that is expressed by positionings of and relationships between habituses in physical or geographical space. Bourdieu wrote that even though we can only understand the structure of social space by observing interactions, it must be kept in mind that “structures are not reducible to interactions between two people talking. There is far more going on than meets the eye” [2014 (2012), 111-112]. In his approach to the nation-state, Bourdieu was more interested in its symbolic and cognitive aspects – the commonsense knowledge that classified people, places, and things – than he was in its physical boundaries and physical divisions within it. This raises the question of territorial boundaries and of how Bourdieu’s approach to the nation-state as a social space both draws upon earlier approaches and complements those of his contemporaries. Earlier approaches to social space in sociology and anthropology dealt primarily with small-scale societies, with a focus on the ways that spatial organization is a reflection of social structures. Bourdieu was influenced by the structuralist perspectives of Lévi-Strauss as well as by the more interactionist perspectives of theorists such Simmel [1950], Goffman [1963], and Halbwachs [1950], who wrote about social proximity and distance among social actors or groups of people in social space. Lévi-Strauss [1963] outlined an approach to social space in traditional societies that linked social space and social time to perceptions of time and space.","He adopted a more symbolic approach to understandings of the relationship between physical space and social space than did writers such as Henri Lefebvre [1991 (1974) and 2009], who was focused more on the materiality of space.(3) The phrase “social space,” which can be traced back to Durkheim, appears frequently in recent scholarship, although, as I have previously shown [Reed-Danahay 2015a], the meanings and uses of “social space” are quite varied – especially regarding the degree to which emphasis is placed either on the material and built environment or on issues of social distance or proximity.(4) Often lost in partial readings of Bourdieu is that he understood social space not as the physical space where social interactions take place but, rather, in terms of a structure of symbolic classifications that is expressed by positionings of and relationships between habituses in physical or geographical space. Bourdieu wrote that even though we can only understand the structure of social space by observing interactions, it must be kept in mind that “structures are not reducible to interactions between two people talking. There is far more going on than meets the eye” [2014 (2012), 111-112]. In his approach to the nation-state, Bourdieu was more interested in its symbolic and cognitive aspects – the commonsense knowledge that classified people, places, and things – than he was in its physical boundaries and physical divisions within it. This raises the question of territorial boundaries and of how Bourdieu’s approach to the nation-state as a social space both draws upon earlier approaches and complements those of his contemporaries. Earlier approaches to social space in sociology and anthropology dealt primarily with small-scale societies, with a focus on the ways that spatial organization is a reflection of social structures. Bourdieu was influenced by the structuralist perspectives of Lévi-Strauss as well as by the more interactionist perspectives of theorists such Simmel [1950], Goffman [1963], and Halbwachs [1950], who wrote about social proximity and distance among social actors or groups of people in social space. Lévi-Strauss [1963] outlined an approach to social space in traditional societies that linked social space and social time to perceptions of time and space. These perceptions were products of the social phenomena (underlying structures) that, as he phrased it, “furnished” them. According to Lévi-Strauss, there is a relationship between social structure (as “surface structure”) and “spatial structure,” but these are not identical. In clarifying this point, he wrote that: x 3 A thorough discussion of Bourdieu’s concept of social space and its relationship to other theorists is outside of the scope of this article, and part of a larger work in which I am engaged. 4 See also Claval [1984], Simonsen [1996], Marchetti [2011], and Susen [2014] for overviews of approaches to “social space.","He adopted a more symbolic approach to understandings of the relationship between physical space and social space than did writers such as Henri Lefebvre [1991 (1974) and 2009], who was focused more on the materiality of space.","He adopted a more symbolic approach to understandings of the relationship between physical space and social space than did writers such as Henri Lefebvre [1991 (1974) and 2009], who was focused more on the materiality of space.(3) The phrase “social space,” which can be traced back to Durkheim, appears frequently in recent scholarship, although, as I have previously shown [Reed-Danahay 2015a], the meanings and uses of “social space” are quite varied – especially regarding the degree to which emphasis is placed either on the material and built environment or on issues of social distance or proximity.(4) Often lost in partial readings of Bourdieu is that he understood social space not as the physical space where social interactions take place but, rather, in terms of a structure of symbolic classifications that is expressed by positionings of and relationships between habituses in physical or geographical space. 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assess mental health using the Patient Health Questionnaire [21] for depression screening and perception of aging [22]; and assess social support, social isolation [23], and transportation.",".00188 (32)226 (69.1)314 (52.2)Use emaila\n<.001109 (39.6)242 (74)351 (58.3)Able to do an internet searcha\n<.00182 (29.8)214 (65.4)296 (49.2)Use email and internet search\n<.00176 (27.6)199 (60.9)275 (45.7)Enrolled in My HealtheVet (MHV)a\n.003Preferred mode of contacta\n73 (26.5)67 (20.5)140 (23.3)By home phone\n129 (46.3)189 (57.8)318 (52.8)By cell phone\n10 (3.6)24 (7.3)34 (5.6)By MHV secure message\n57 (20.7)44 (13.5)101 (16.8)By email\naP<.05 defined statistical significance. bLower score is better. cFRAIL: Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, and Loss of Weight. dHigher score is better. eADL: activities of daily living. fIADL: instrumental activities of daily living. gPHQ-2: Patient Health Questionnaire-2.","Willing veterans were younger (P .001) and more likely to have an associate degree (P=.002), be health literate (P .001), live in socioeconomically advantaged neighborhoods (P=.048), be independent in IADLs (P=.02), and be in better physical health (P=.04).","Those who were willing were more likely to not use assistive devices for walking (137/327, 41.9% vs 80/275, 29.1%; 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Her major stance was that individuals who belong to multiple historically oppressed groups (e.g., women, African Americans) should be at the center of health research since oppression has been shown to predict poor health via mechanisms like healthrelated autonomy and gendered medical racism. Thus, we used Black feminist theory and methods to explore best practices in recruiting and retaining Black women for sexual health-related research. The idea that studies of Black women should center (or focus on) their lived experiences is well established in the literature. This means that, rather than situating Black women as a comparison group (alongside other race or sex categories) we situate them as the point of interest (Puar, 2012). 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{"citationid":4358628917,"citingcorpusid":229178189,"citedcorpusid":74443376,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Nella maggior parte degli studi si evince una prevalenza delle donne rispetto agli uomini per gli studi di Acquadro Maran (1), Balducci (5), Campanini (13), Candura (15), Fattori (27), Fattorini (28), Fiabane (29), Tonini (90), Punzi (73), Raho (74).","Fiabane E, Flachi D, Giorgi I, et al: Esiti professionali e salute psicologica a seguito di vessazioni sul luogo di lavoro: uno studio esplorativo di follow-up.","Fiabane et al (2015) (29) 71 soggetti 48,37 anni (media) 69,0% donne 31,0% uomini","Fiabane et al (2015) (29) impiegato al baseline 53,5% Prevalentemente donne (69,0%) 66,2% mobbing verticale; 65,2% azioni vessatorie con accuse e richiami infondati; 58% demansionamento e trasferimento immotivato; 31,9% isolamento 40,8% Disturbo dell’adattamento; 38,0% disturbo d’ansia correlato al lavoro; 11,3% disturbo depressivo correlato al lavoro; 7,0% disturbo ansiosodepressivo correlato al lavoro; 2,8% DSPT","Un altro elemento rilevante riguarda le tipologie di attacchi subiti rispetto al genere della vittima, le donne tendono ad essere discriminate più frequentemente rispetto agli uomini per tematiche relative al genere, alla famiglia, all’accudimento dei figli o sono vittime di molestie sessuali, discriminazioni a seguito di rifiuto di avances, o vengono più facilmente ostacolate nel loro lavoro per gli studi di: Bosco\nFigura 1 - Descrizione del processo di selezione degli articoli, metodo PRISMA\nFigure 1 - Description of the selection process for articles, PRISMA method\ndassisti et al468\nTabella 2 - Elenco degli studi selezionati con descrizione della numerosità campionaria, età e sesso Table 2 - List of selected studies with description of sample size, age and gender\nArticolo Numerosità campionaria Età del campione Distribuzione di uomini e donne nel campione\nAcquadro Maran et al (2018) (1) 35 sentenze vittime: 44, 54 anni (media); aggressori: 53, 20 anni (media) 54,3% donne 45,7% uomini\nArcangeli et al (2014) (2) 206 soggetti 48,7% <30 anni 16% 30-39 anni 17,8% 40-49 anni 17,4% >50 anni\n73,5% donne 26,5% uomini\nArenas et al (2015) (3) 1151 soggetti 47,8% donne 52,2% uomini\nBalducci et al (2009) (6) 107 soggetti 42,7 anni (media) 44,9% donne 55,1% uomini\nBalducci et al (2011) (7) 609 soggetti 5% 20-29 anni 23,9% 30-39 anni 43% 40-49 anni 28,8% 50-59 anni 3,8 % >60 anni\n49,4% donne 50,6% uomini\nBalducci et al (2013) (5) 538 soggetti 76,4% >40 anni 48% donne 52% uomini\nBosco & Salerno (2004) (11) 19 casi dalla letteratura\n5 cartelle cliniche\n6 donne 19 uomini\nCampanini et al (2006) (13) 243 soggetti 42,7 anni (media)\nF: Femmine M: Maschi 26,7% del gruppo F e 13,4% del gruppo M 25-34 anni 37% gruppo F e 40,3% gruppo M 35-44 anni 27,6% gruppo F e 28,6% gruppo M 45-54 anni 6,9% gruppo F e 17,6% gruppo M 55-64 anni\n49% donne 51% uomini\n(continua)\ndonne e uomini, autori e vittime di mobbing in italia 469\nArticolo Numerosità campionaria Età del campione Distribuzione di uomini e donne nel campione\nCampanini et al (2013) (14) 8992 soggetti 39,7 anni (media)\n13,5% <30 anni 35,9% 30-39 anni 34,6% 40-49 anni 16% ≥50 anni\n46,2% donne 53,8% uomini\nCandura et al (2014) (15) 474 soggetti 41,8 anni (media) 58,0% donne 42,0% uomini\nCaputo et al (2018) (16) 28 soggetti 20 donne 8 uomini\nCatanesi et al (2006) (19) 25 soggetti 88,0% 50-59 anni 8,0% 40-49 4,0% 30-39\n4,0% donne 96,0% uomini\nFattori et al (2015) (27) 1717 soggetti 46,8 anni (media) 61,7% donne 38,3% uomini\nFattorini et al (2006) (28) 887 questionari 40,76 anni (media) per entrambi i sessi\n40,4% donne 57,7% uomini\nFiabane et al (2015) (29) 71 soggetti 48,37 anni (media) 69,0% donne 31,0% uomini\nGiorgi et al (2015) (32) 658 soggetti 52,0% donne 48,0% uomini\nGiorgi et al (2016) (33) 326 soggetti 19,1% donne 80,9% uomini\n(11 soggetti non dichiarano il genere)\nGirardi et al (2007) (35) 146 soggetti della popolazione mobbing\n45 anni (media) 48,6% donne 51,4% uomini\nTabella 2 - Elenco degli studi selezionati con descrizione della numerosità campionaria, età e sesso Table 2 - List of selected studies with description of sample size, age and gender\n(continua)\ndassisti et al470\nArticolo Numerosità campionaria Età del campione Distribuzione di uomini e donne nel campione\nGrattagliano et al (2017) (38) 138 soggetti 1,45% <30 anni 10,14% 30-39 anni 32,61% 40-49 anni 9,42% 50 anni 46,38% >50 anni\n39,86% donne 60,14% uomini\nMonaco et al (2017) (55) 1545 soggetti 21 uomini e 29 donne <30anni 124 uomini e 194 donne 31-40 anni 244 uomini e 276 donne 41-50 anni 300 uomini e 221 donne 51-60 anni 94 uomini e 42 donne >60 anni\n49,3% donne 50,7% uomini\nNolfe et al (2008) (61) 733 soggetti Gruppo H (alto livello di mobbing) 1.91% uomini e 3.17% donne 18-30 anni 15,79% uomini e 29,37% donne 31-40 anni 32,09% uomini e 34,92% donne 41-50 anni 44,50% uomini e 29,37% donne 51-60 anni 5,74% uomini e 3,17% donne ≥61 anni Gruppo L (basso livello di mobbing) 5,26% uomini e 7,55% donne 18-30 anni 12,28% uomini e 18,87% donne 31-40 anni 42,11% uomini e 47,17% donne 41-50 anni 31,58% uomini e 24,52% donne 51-60 anni 8,77% uomini e 1,89% donne ≥61 anni\n297 donne 436 uomini\nNolfe et al (2009) (62) 1191 soggetti 4,3% 18-30 anni 20,9% 31-40 anni 36,8% 41-50 anni 33,2% 51-60 anni 4,8% ≥ 61 anni\n39,7% donne 60,3% uomini\nTabella 2 - Elenco degli studi selezionati con descrizione della numerosità campionaria, età e sesso Table 2 - List of selected studies with description of sample size, age and gender\n(continua)\ndonne e uomini, autori e vittime di mobbing in italia 471\nArticolo Numerosità campionaria Età del campione Distribuzione di uomini e donne nel campione\nNolfe et al (2010) (63) 1080 soggetti\n707 soggetti che completato il trial diagnostico\nTotale 39,7% donne 60,3% uomini\nTrial 39,7% donne 60,3% uomini\nPaciello et al (68) 1006 soggetti 40,1 anni (media) 53,6% donne 46,4% uomini\nPunzi et al (2007) (72) 226 cartelle cliniche 76,5% 35-54 anni 39,8% 45-54 anni\n53,1% donne 46,9% uomini\nPunzi et al (2012) (73) 52 soggetti (gruppo mobbing)\n19,2% 25-34 anni 30,8% 35-44 anni 36,5% 45-54 anni 13,5% 55-64 anni\n55,8% donne 44,2% uomini\nRaho et al (2008) (74) 276 soggetti 12% 21-30 anni 38% 31-40 anni 33% 41-50 anni 17% 51-60 anni\n60,0% donne 40,0% uomini\nRomano et al (2007) (75) 206 soggetti donne 100% 34-50 anni 206 donne\nRomeo et al (2013) (76) 48 soggetti 43,3 anni in media 31 donne 17 uomini\nSignorelli et al (2013) (86) 1 soggetto 58 anni 1 donna\nSpagnoli et al (87) 141 soggetti 7% <30 anni 81,6% 31-50 anni 11,3% ≥51\n65,2% donne 34,8% uomini\nTonini et al (2011) (90) 345 soggetti in totale Gruppo mobbing (36,5","Tipologie di attacchi subiti Conseguenze sulla salute mentale e fisica\nFiabane et al (2015) (29) impiegato al baseline 53,5%\nPrevalentemente donne (69,0"],"intents":[["background"],null,null,["background"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":4358629056,"citingcorpusid":229178189,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Romano C, De Giovanni L, Santoro PE, et al: Rapporto tra mobbing e sindrome depressiva nella popolazione lavorativa femminile del terziario avanzato: dimensione del problema e strategie di prevenzione nella realtà siciliana.","Si segnala la presenza di isolamento per le donne negli articoli di Romano (75) e di Signorelli (86) (Tabella 3).","Romano et al (2007) (75) Enti pubblici e privati Depressione associata con isolamento sistematico e con cambiamenti nelle mansioni lavorative.","Un altro elemento rilevante riguarda le tipologie di attacchi subiti rispetto al genere della vittima, le donne tendono ad essere discriminate più frequentemente rispetto agli uomini per tematiche relative al genere, alla famiglia, all’accudimento dei figli o sono vittime di molestie sessuali, discriminazioni a seguito di rifiuto di avances, o vengono più facilmente ostacolate nel loro lavoro per gli studi di: Bosco\nFigura 1 - Descrizione del processo di selezione degli articoli, metodo PRISMA\nFigure 1 - Description of the selection process for articles, PRISMA method\ndassisti et al468\nTabella 2 - Elenco degli studi selezionati con descrizione della numerosità campionaria, età e sesso Table 2 - List of selected studies with description of sample size, age and gender\nArticolo Numerosità campionaria Età del campione Distribuzione di uomini e donne nel campione\nAcquadro Maran et al (2018) (1) 35 sentenze vittime: 44, 54 anni (media); aggressori: 53, 20 anni (media) 54,3% donne 45,7% uomini\nArcangeli et al (2014) (2) 206 soggetti 48,7% <30 anni 16% 30-39 anni 17,8% 40-49 anni 17,4% >50 anni\n73,5% donne 26,5% uomini\nArenas et al (2015) (3) 1151 soggetti 47,8% donne 52,2% uomini\nBalducci et al (2009) (6) 107 soggetti 42,7 anni (media) 44,9% donne 55,1% uomini\nBalducci et al (2011) (7) 609 soggetti 5% 20-29 anni 23,9% 30-39 anni 43% 40-49 anni 28,8% 50-59 anni 3,8 % >60 anni\n49,4% donne 50,6% uomini\nBalducci et al (2013) (5) 538 soggetti 76,4% >40 anni 48% donne 52% uomini\nBosco & Salerno (2004) (11) 19 casi dalla letteratura\n5 cartelle cliniche\n6 donne 19 uomini\nCampanini et al (2006) (13) 243 soggetti 42,7 anni (media)\nF: Femmine M: Maschi 26,7% del gruppo F e 13,4% del gruppo M 25-34 anni 37% gruppo F e 40,3% gruppo M 35-44 anni 27,6% gruppo F e 28,6% gruppo M 45-54 anni 6,9% gruppo F e 17,6% gruppo M 55-64 anni\n49% donne 51% uomini\n(continua)\ndonne e uomini, autori e vittime di mobbing in italia 469\nArticolo Numerosità campionaria Età del campione Distribuzione di uomini e donne nel campione\nCampanini et al (2013) (14) 8992 soggetti 39,7 anni (media)\n13,5% <30 anni 35,9% 30-39 anni 34,6% 40-49 anni 16% ≥50 anni\n46,2% donne 53,8% uomini\nCandura et al (2014) (15) 474 soggetti 41,8 anni (media) 58,0% donne 42,0% uomini\nCaputo et al (2018) (16) 28 soggetti 20 donne 8 uomini\nCatanesi et al (2006) (19) 25 soggetti 88,0% 50-59 anni 8,0% 40-49 4,0% 30-39\n4,0% donne 96,0% uomini\nFattori et al (2015) (27) 1717 soggetti 46,8 anni (media) 61,7% donne 38,3% uomini\nFattorini et al (2006) (28) 887 questionari 40,76 anni (media) per entrambi i sessi\n40,4% donne 57,7% uomini\nFiabane et al (2015) (29) 71 soggetti 48,37 anni (media) 69,0% donne 31,0% uomini\nGiorgi et al (2015) (32) 658 soggetti 52,0% donne 48,0% uomini\nGiorgi et al (2016) (33) 326 soggetti 19,1% donne 80,9% uomini\n(11 soggetti non dichiarano il genere)\nGirardi et al (2007) (35) 146 soggetti della popolazione mobbing\n45 anni (media) 48,6% donne 51,4% uomini\nTabella 2 - Elenco degli studi selezionati con descrizione della numerosità campionaria, età e sesso Table 2 - List of selected studies with description of sample size, age and gender\n(continua)\ndassisti et al470\nArticolo Numerosità campionaria Età del campione Distribuzione di uomini e donne nel campione\nGrattagliano et al (2017) (38) 138 soggetti 1,45% <30 anni 10,14% 30-39 anni 32,61% 40-49 anni 9,42% 50 anni 46,38% >50 anni\n39,86% donne 60,14% uomini\nMonaco et al (2017) (55) 1545 soggetti 21 uomini e 29 donne <30anni 124 uomini e 194 donne 31-40 anni 244 uomini e 276 donne 41-50 anni 300 uomini e 221 donne 51-60 anni 94 uomini e 42 donne >60 anni\n49,3% donne 50,7% uomini\nNolfe et al (2008) (61) 733 soggetti Gruppo H (alto livello di mobbing) 1.91% uomini e 3.17% donne 18-30 anni 15,79% uomini e 29,37% donne 31-40 anni 32,09% uomini e 34,92% donne 41-50 anni 44,50% uomini e 29,37% donne 51-60 anni 5,74% uomini e 3,17% donne ≥61 anni Gruppo L (basso livello di mobbing) 5,26% uomini e 7,55% donne 18-30 anni 12,28% uomini e 18,87% donne 31-40 anni 42,11% uomini e 47,17% donne 41-50 anni 31,58% uomini e 24,52% donne 51-60 anni 8,77% uomini e 1,89% donne ≥61 anni\n297 donne 436 uomini\nNolfe et al (2009) (62) 1191 soggetti 4,3% 18-30 anni 20,9% 31-40 anni 36,8% 41-50 anni 33,2% 51-60 anni 4,8% ≥ 61 anni\n39,7% donne 60,3% uomini\nTabella 2 - Elenco degli studi selezionati con descrizione della numerosità campionaria, età e sesso Table 2 - List of selected studies with description of sample size, age and gender\n(continua)\ndonne e uomini, autori e vittime di mobbing in italia 471\nArticolo Numerosità campionaria Età del campione Distribuzione di uomini e donne nel campione\nNolfe et al (2010) (63) 1080 soggetti\n707 soggetti che completato il trial diagnostico\nTotale 39,7% donne 60,3% uomini\nTrial 39,7% donne 60,3% uomini\nPaciello et al (68) 1006 soggetti 40,1 anni (media) 53,6% donne 46,4% uomini\nPunzi et al (2007) (72) 226 cartelle cliniche 76,5% 35-54 anni 39,8% 45-54 anni\n53,1% donne 46,9% uomini\nPunzi et al (2012) (73) 52 soggetti (gruppo mobbing)\n19,2% 25-34 anni 30,8% 35-44 anni 36,5% 45-54 anni 13,5% 55-64 anni\n55,8% donne 44,2% uomini\nRaho et al (2008) (74) 276 soggetti 12% 21-30 anni 38% 31-40 anni 33% 41-50 anni 17% 51-60 anni\n60,0% donne 40,0% uomini\nRomano et al (2007) (75) 206 soggetti donne 100% 34-50 anni 206 donne\nRomeo et al (2013) (76) 48 soggetti 43,3 anni in media 31 donne 17 uomini\nSignorelli et al (2013) (86) 1 soggetto 58 anni 1 donna\nSpagnoli et al (87) 141 soggetti 7% <30 anni 81,6% 31-50 anni 11,3% ≥51\n65,2% donne 34,8% uomini\nTonini et al (2011) (90) 345 soggetti in totale Gruppo mobbing (36,5","Romano et al (2007) (75) 206 soggetti donne 100% 34-50 anni 206 donne","Gli uomini hanno valori più alti alle scale Si e Mf.\nGli uomini hanno maggiori elevazioni delle donne nelle seguenti scale (statisticamente significativi): ANX; OBS; DEP; ANG; ASP; TPA; FAM; WRK; TRT.\nStrumento: MMPI-2 Romano et al (2007) (75) Enti pubblici e privati\nDepressione associata con isolamento sistematico e con cambiamenti nelle mansioni lavorative."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":4358628990,"citingcorpusid":229178189,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["46 anni uomini 39,5 anni donne\nTotale 57,1% donne 42,9% uomini\nTabella 2 - Elenco degli studi selezionati con descrizione della numerosità campionaria, età e sesso Table 2 - List of selected studies with description of sample size, age and gender\ndassisti et al472\n(11), Caputo (16), Campanini (14), Monaco (55), Fattorini (28), Punzi (72).","Nella maggior parte degli studi si evince una prevalenza delle donne rispetto agli uomini per gli studi di Acquadro Maran (1), Balducci (5), Campanini (13), Candura (15), Fattori (27), Fattorini (28), Fiabane (29), Tonini (90), Punzi (73), Raho (74).","Campanini et al (2006) (13) 243 soggetti 42,7 anni (media)","Campanini P, Conway P, Punzi S, et al: Rischio mobbing e assenze lavorative per malattia.","Diritti violati: salute 50% M 0% F; lavoro 27,8% M 0% F; professionalità 5,5% M 33,3% F; legalità 5,5% M 16,6% F; parità di genere 0% M 33,3% F; diversità culturale 5,5% M 16,6% F; dignità personale 5,5% M 0% F.\nCampanini et al (2006) (13) 31,3% impresa pubblica; 61,3% impresa privata; 7,4% impresa mista\nLa percentuale di uomini e donne rispetto alla natura giuridica dell’impresa è simile.","Campanini et al (2006) (13) 31,3% impresa pubblica; 61,3% impresa privata; 7,4% impresa mista","Negli gli studi di Grattagliano (38), Monaco (55) e Nolfe (63); tuttavia è stata osservata una prevalenza di uomini come vittime, mentre negli studi di Arcangeli (2) e Campanini (13) non vi sono differenze di genere (Tabella 3).","Un altro elemento rilevante riguarda le tipologie di attacchi subiti rispetto al genere della vittima, le donne tendono ad essere discriminate più frequentemente rispetto agli uomini per tematiche relative al genere, alla famiglia, all’accudimento dei figli o sono vittime di molestie sessuali, discriminazioni a seguito di rifiuto di avances, o vengono più facilmente ostacolate nel loro lavoro per gli studi di: Bosco\nFigura 1 - Descrizione del processo di selezione degli articoli, metodo PRISMA\nFigure 1 - Description of the selection process for articles, PRISMA method\ndassisti et al468\nTabella 2 - Elenco degli studi selezionati con descrizione della numerosità campionaria, età e sesso Table 2 - List of selected studies with description of sample size, age and gender\nArticolo Numerosità campionaria Età del campione Distribuzione di uomini e donne nel campione\nAcquadro Maran et al (2018) (1) 35 sentenze vittime: 44, 54 anni (media); aggressori: 53, 20 anni (media) 54,3% donne 45,7% uomini\nArcangeli et al (2014) (2) 206 soggetti 48,7% <30 anni 16% 30-39 anni 17,8% 40-49 anni 17,4% >50 anni\n73,5% donne 26,5% uomini\nArenas et al (2015) (3) 1151 soggetti 47,8% donne 52,2% uomini\nBalducci et al (2009) (6) 107 soggetti 42,7 anni (media) 44,9% donne 55,1% uomini\nBalducci et al (2011) (7) 609 soggetti 5% 20-29 anni 23,9% 30-39 anni 43% 40-49 anni 28,8% 50-59 anni 3,8 % >60 anni\n49,4% donne 50,6% uomini\nBalducci et al (2013) (5) 538 soggetti 76,4% >40 anni 48% donne 52% uomini\nBosco & Salerno (2004) (11) 19 casi dalla letteratura\n5 cartelle cliniche\n6 donne 19 uomini\nCampanini et al (2006) (13) 243 soggetti 42,7 anni (media)\nF: Femmine M: Maschi 26,7% del gruppo F e 13,4% del gruppo M 25-34 anni 37% gruppo F e 40,3% gruppo M 35-44 anni 27,6% gruppo F e 28,6% gruppo M 45-54 anni 6,9% gruppo F e 17,6% gruppo M 55-64 anni\n49% donne 51% uomini\n(continua)\ndonne e uomini, autori e vittime di mobbing in italia 469\nArticolo Numerosità campionaria Età del campione Distribuzione di uomini e donne nel campione\nCampanini et al (2013) (14) 8992 soggetti 39,7 anni (media)\n13,5% <30 anni 35,9% 30-39 anni 34,6% 40-49 anni 16% ≥50 anni\n46,2% donne 53,8% uomini\nCandura et al (2014) (15) 474 soggetti 41,8 anni (media) 58,0% donne 42,0% uomini\nCaputo et al (2018) (16) 28 soggetti 20 donne 8 uomini\nCatanesi et al (2006) (19) 25 soggetti 88,0% 50-59 anni 8,0% 40-49 4,0% 30-39\n4,0% donne 96,0% uomini\nFattori et al (2015) (27) 1717 soggetti 46,8 anni (media) 61,7% donne 38,3% uomini\nFattorini et al (2006) (28) 887 questionari 40,76 anni (media) per entrambi i sessi\n40,4% donne 57,7% uomini\nFiabane et al (2015) (29) 71 soggetti 48,37 anni (media) 69,0% donne 31,0% uomini\nGiorgi et al (2015) (32) 658 soggetti 52,0% donne 48,0% uomini\nGiorgi et al (2016) (33) 326 soggetti 19,1% donne 80,9% uomini\n(11 soggetti non dichiarano il genere)\nGirardi et al (2007) (35) 146 soggetti della popolazione mobbing\n45 anni (media) 48,6% donne 51,4% uomini\nTabella 2 - Elenco degli studi selezionati con descrizione della numerosità campionaria, età e sesso Table 2 - List of selected studies with description of sample size, age and gender\n(continua)\ndassisti et al470\nArticolo Numerosità campionaria Età del campione Distribuzione di uomini e donne nel campione\nGrattagliano et al (2017) (38) 138 soggetti 1,45% <30 anni 10,14% 30-39 anni 32,61% 40-49 anni 9,42% 50 anni 46,38% >50 anni\n39,86% donne 60,14% uomini\nMonaco et al (2017) (55) 1545 soggetti 21 uomini e 29 donne <30anni 124 uomini e 194 donne 31-40 anni 244 uomini e 276 donne 41-50 anni 300 uomini e 221 donne 51-60 anni 94 uomini e 42 donne >60 anni\n49,3% donne 50,7% uomini\nNolfe et al (2008) (61) 733 soggetti Gruppo H (alto livello di mobbing) 1.91% uomini e 3.17% donne 18-30 anni 15,79% uomini e 29,37% donne 31-40 anni 32,09% uomini e 34,92% donne 41-50 anni 44,50% uomini e 29,37% donne 51-60 anni 5,74% uomini e 3,17% donne ≥61 anni Gruppo L (basso livello di mobbing) 5,26% uomini e 7,55% donne 18-30 anni 12,28% uomini e 18,87% donne 31-40 anni 42,11% uomini e 47,17% donne 41-50 anni 31,58% uomini e 24,52% donne 51-60 anni 8,77% uomini e 1,89% donne ≥61 anni\n297 donne 436 uomini\nNolfe et al (2009) (62) 1191 soggetti 4,3% 18-30 anni 20,9% 31-40 anni 36,8% 41-50 anni 33,2% 51-60 anni 4,8% ≥ 61 anni\n39,7% donne 60,3% uomini\nTabella 2 - Elenco degli studi selezionati con descrizione della numerosità campionaria, età e sesso Table 2 - List of selected studies with description of sample size, age and gender\n(continua)\ndonne e uomini, autori e vittime di mobbing in italia 471\nArticolo Numerosità campionaria Età del campione Distribuzione di uomini e donne nel campione\nNolfe et al (2010) (63) 1080 soggetti\n707 soggetti che completato il trial diagnostico\nTotale 39,7% donne 60,3% uomini\nTrial 39,7% donne 60,3% uomini\nPaciello et al (68) 1006 soggetti 40,1 anni (media) 53,6% donne 46,4% uomini\nPunzi et al (2007) (72) 226 cartelle cliniche 76,5% 35-54 anni 39,8% 45-54 anni\n53,1% donne 46,9% uomini\nPunzi et al (2012) (73) 52 soggetti (gruppo mobbing)\n19,2% 25-34 anni 30,8% 35-44 anni 36,5% 45-54 anni 13,5% 55-64 anni\n55,8% donne 44,2% uomini\nRaho et al (2008) (74) 276 soggetti 12% 21-30 anni 38% 31-40 anni 33% 41-50 anni 17% 51-60 anni\n60,0% donne 40,0% uomini\nRomano et al (2007) (75) 206 soggetti donne 100% 34-50 anni 206 donne\nRomeo et al (2013) (76) 48 soggetti 43,3 anni in media 31 donne 17 uomini\nSignorelli et al (2013) (86) 1 soggetto 58 anni 1 donna\nSpagnoli et al (87) 141 soggetti 7% <30 anni 81,6% 31-50 anni 11,3% ≥51\n65,2% donne 34,8% uomini\nTonini et al (2011) (90) 345 soggetti in totale Gruppo mobbing (36,5","Campanini P, Punzi S, Carissimi E, et al: Le differenze di genere nelle situazioni di mobbing.","Qualifiche lavorative non mostrano differenze statisticamente significative\nUomini 20-24 anni 0% 25-34 anni 13,4% 35-44 anni 40,30% 45-54 anni 28,7% 55-64 anni 17,6%\nDonne 20-24 anni 1,7% 25-34 anni 26,7% 35-44 anni 37,10% 45-54 anni 27,6% 55-64 anni 6,9%\nItems statisticamente significativi CDL 2.0\nCompiti umilianti: 62,1% uomini; 47,1% donne\nFrequenti minacce e umiliazioni: 36,3% uomini; 62,2% donne\nMolestie sessuali: 0% uomini; 8,4% donne\nRifiuto di permessi e ferie: 20,2% uomini; 36,1% donne\nEccessive contestazioni disciplinari: 40,3% uomini; 29,4% donne\nCampanini et al (2013) (14) ¾ aziende private\n24,5% aziende pubbliche\n40,7% produzione industriale; 24,6% banche o assicurazioni; 9,1% telecomunicazioni; 8,7% rappresentanti sindacali\n7,3% uomini 7% donne\nVi sono associazioni significative tra il “gruppo mobbing” e l’assenteismo\nStrumenti: CDL 2.0; LIPT Leymann\nArticolo Attività lavorativa svolta\nVittime nel campione ("],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],null,null,["background"],["background"],null,null,null]}
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differences in harbour and grey seal foraging, diet and population trends ............................................................... 302\n5.5 Final Remarks ......................................................................................... 315\nChapter 6 ................................................................................................................. 336\nGeneral Discussion ............................................................................................... 336\nReferences ............................................................................................................ 344\nvi\nLIST OF FIGURES\nChapter 1\nFigure 1.1: Number and distribution of A) harbour seals and B) grey seals around the British Isles, from surveys carried out in August between 2007 and 2013.",", 2011) where seasonal sightings of killer whales peak during the harbour seal pupping period (Bolt et al., 2009).","(A) SS : southern North Sea, (B) AW : southern North Sea, (C) SS: southeast Scotland, (D) AW: southeast Scotland, (E) SS: Moray Firth, (F) AW: Moray Firth, (G) SS: Orkney, (H) AW: Orkney, (I) SS: Shetland, (J) AW: Shetland, (K) SS: Inner Hebrides, (L) AW: Inner Hebrides, (M) represents diet estimates for grey seals only in autumn/winter (grey bars) and harbour seals only in spring/ summer (blue bars): Outer Hebrides.","In the northern North Sea (Orkney, Shetland and the Moray Firth), sandeels dominated the diet in all regions and seasons in 2002 and in 1985 (Hammond and Grellier, 2006).","… signature of supervisor ……………………..\ni\nTABLE OF CONTENTS\nTable of contents ........................................................................................................ i\nList of figures ............................................................................................................ vi\nList of tables ............................................................................................................. ix\nList of appendices ................................................................................................... xiii\nAcknowledgements ................................................................................................. xvi\nContributions to the data chapters ......................................................................... xviii\nAbstract ..................................................................................................................... 1\nChapter 1 ...................................................................................................................... 2\nGeneral Introduction .................................................................................................. 2\n1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 2\n1.2 Seals around Britain .................................................................................... 5\n1.3 Methods for studying the diet of seals ....................................................... 11\n1.3.1 Diet determination: prey hard structure analysis ................................. 11\n1.3.2 Diet determination: molecular identification of prey remains ............... 14\n1.4 Ecosystem features and resource diversity around Britain ........................ 16\n1.4.1 The North Sea including Orkney and Shetland ................................... 17\n1.4.2 West of Scotland ................................................................................ 18\n1.5 Thesis aims ............................................................................................... 19\nChapter 2 ....................................................................................................................","Around Orkney and Shetland coarse sand and gravel dominate (ICES, 2008a).","The most recent counts (SCOS, 2013) indicate that the Firth of Tay population has declined by 85%, the Orkney population by 75% and the Shetland population by 30% since 2000.","Discussion ............................................................................................... 129\n3.4.1 Assessing harbour seal diet from scat analysis ................................ 129\n3.4.2 Diversity of prey in harbour seal diet ................................................ 132\n3.4.3 Diet of harbour seals in the North Sea including Orkney and Shetland\n134\n3.4.4 West of Scotland .............................................................................. 141\n3.4.5 Diet Quality ......................................................................................","236 In Orkney where killer whales are frequently sighted (Bolt et al., 2009) harbour seals which are heavily pregnant or lactating have been observed to alter their haul-out and foraging behaviour (Thompson et al.","Clupeids also tended to be far more frequent in scats collected during Orkney winters (Pierce et al.,\nChapter 1: General Introduction\n9\n1990a) and 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Oesterhelt, unpublished results).","salinarum strains NRC-1 and R1, three indels were noted [21] that probably also represent repeat-mediated deletions.","The mobility of MGEs was inferred from the presence of strainspecific insertions (SSEIs, case b), and although these could possibly also result from the removal of a hypothetical corresponding element in the other strain, e.g. by repeat-mediated deletions via the flanking target site duplications, we believe most SSEIs represent insertions.","Each of these shows SSEIs that, in combination with the high sequence similarity, facilitated definition of the element boundaries.","To check for the expression of these and other membrane proteins, cell membranes of the C23T strain were purified using the protocol for isolating purple-membranes of Halobacterium salinarum [60], and a red-membrane band was observed at the same position on sucrose gradients as purple membranes from Halobacterium salinarum.","The SSEI column provides the number of element copies that occur as SSEIs (strain-specific element insertions).","Most of the SSEIs are associated with a few ‘‘extra bases’’ in the element-free strain when SSEI boundaries are annotated according to the extended element including the targeting sequence (Table S8).","In the latter case, most Halobacterium transposons would introduce a frame-shift, as target duplications of 5, 8, and 10 bp are most common.","In this context, the high reversion rate of transposon-triggered mutations in Halobacterium may be significant [50].","Transposons and MITEs Twelve of the 13 distinct transposon families detected in the two strains have been previously described in Halobacterium [21] or other haloarchaea, but the remaining one, ISHwa2, is related to\nPLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 16 June 2011 | Volume 6 | Issue 6 | e20968\nTn5, a transposon widely distributed in Bacteria.","The finding that mobilization of IS605-type transposons depends exclusively on tnpA [72] is difficult to reconcile with our data on Haloquadratum, where SSEIs are observed although all of the IS200-type transposons are pseudogenes in C23T.","Transposons and MITEs Twelve of the 13 distinct transposon families detected in the two strains have been previously described in Halobacterium [21] or other haloarchaea, but the remaining one, ISHwa2, is related to","However, we think that the observed cases of repeat-mediated deletion in the present study (and in Halobacterium) have occurred independently of double-strand breaks, as these would be expected to occur at random positions within a genome if generated by radiation or chemical radicals."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"],null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null]}
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aggressori: 53, 20 anni (media) 54,3% donne 45,7% uomini\nArcangeli et al (2014) (2) 206 soggetti 48,7% <30 anni 16% 30-39 anni 17,8% 40-49 anni 17,4% >50 anni\n73,5% donne 26,5% uomini\nArenas et al (2015) (3) 1151 soggetti 47,8% donne 52,2% uomini\nBalducci et al (2009) (6) 107 soggetti 42,7 anni (media) 44,9% donne 55,1% uomini\nBalducci et al (2011) (7) 609 soggetti 5% 20-29 anni 23,9% 30-39 anni 43% 40-49 anni 28,8% 50-59 anni 3,8 % >60 anni\n49,4% donne 50,6% uomini\nBalducci et al (2013) (5) 538 soggetti 76,4% >40 anni 48% donne 52% uomini\nBosco & Salerno (2004) (11) 19 casi dalla letteratura\n5 cartelle cliniche\n6 donne 19 uomini\nCampanini et al (2006) (13) 243 soggetti 42,7 anni (media)\nF: Femmine M: Maschi 26,7% del gruppo F e 13,4% del gruppo M 25-34 anni 37% gruppo F e 40,3% gruppo M 35-44 anni 27,6% gruppo F e 28,6% gruppo M 45-54 anni 6,9% gruppo F e 17,6% gruppo M 55-64 anni\n49% donne 51% uomini\n(continua)\ndonne e uomini, autori e vittime di mobbing in italia 469\nArticolo Numerosità campionaria Età del campione Distribuzione di uomini e donne nel campione\nCampanini et al (2013) (14) 8992 soggetti 39,7 anni (media)\n13,5% <30 anni 35,9% 30-39 anni 34,6% 40-49 anni 16% ≥50 anni\n46,2% donne 53,8% uomini\nCandura et al (2014) (15) 474 soggetti 41,8 anni (media) 58,0% donne 42,0% uomini\nCaputo et al (2018) (16) 28 soggetti 20 donne 8 uomini\nCatanesi et al (2006) (19) 25 soggetti 88,0% 50-59 anni 8,0% 40-49 4,0% 30-39\n4,0% donne 96,0% uomini\nFattori et al (2015) (27) 1717 soggetti 46,8 anni (media) 61,7% donne 38,3% uomini\nFattorini et al (2006) (28) 887 questionari 40,76 anni (media) per entrambi i sessi\n40,4% donne 57,7% uomini\nFiabane et al (2015) (29) 71 soggetti 48,37 anni (media) 69,0% donne 31,0% uomini\nGiorgi et al (2015) (32) 658 soggetti 52,0% donne 48,0% uomini\nGiorgi et al (2016) (33) 326 soggetti 19,1% donne 80,9% uomini\n(11 soggetti non dichiarano il genere)\nGirardi et al (2007) (35) 146 soggetti della popolazione mobbing\n45 anni (media) 48,6% donne 51,4% uomini\nTabella 2 - Elenco degli studi selezionati con descrizione della numerosità campionaria, età e sesso Table 2 - List of selected studies with description of sample size, age and gender\n(continua)\ndassisti et al470\nArticolo Numerosità campionaria Età del campione Distribuzione di uomini e donne nel campione\nGrattagliano et al (2017) (38) 138 soggetti 1,45% <30 anni 10,14% 30-39 anni 32,61% 40-49 anni 9,42% 50 anni 46,38% >50 anni\n39,86% donne 60,14% uomini\nMonaco et al (2017) (55) 1545 soggetti 21 uomini e 29 donne <30anni 124 uomini e 194 donne 31-40 anni 244 uomini e 276 donne 41-50 anni 300 uomini e 221 donne 51-60 anni 94 uomini e 42 donne >60 anni\n49,3% donne 50,7% uomini\nNolfe et al (2008) (61) 733 soggetti Gruppo H (alto livello di mobbing) 1.91% uomini e 3.17% donne 18-30 anni 15,79% uomini e 29,37% donne 31-40 anni 32,09% uomini e 34,92% donne 41-50 anni 44,50% uomini e 29,37% donne 51-60 anni 5,74% uomini e 3,17% donne ≥61 anni Gruppo L (basso livello di mobbing) 5,26% uomini e 7,55% donne 18-30 anni 12,28% uomini e 18,87% donne 31-40 anni 42,11% uomini e 47,17% donne 41-50 anni 31,58% uomini e 24,52% donne 51-60 anni 8,77% uomini e 1,89% donne ≥61 anni\n297 donne 436 uomini\nNolfe et al (2009) (62) 1191 soggetti 4,3% 18-30 anni 20,9% 31-40 anni 36,8% 41-50 anni 33,2% 51-60 anni 4,8% ≥ 61 anni\n39,7% donne 60,3% uomini\nTabella 2 - Elenco degli studi selezionati con descrizione della numerosità campionaria, età e sesso Table 2 - List of selected studies with description of sample size, age and gender\n(continua)\ndonne e uomini, autori e vittime di mobbing in italia 471\nArticolo Numerosità campionaria Età del campione Distribuzione di uomini e donne nel campione\nNolfe et al (2010) (63) 1080 soggetti\n707 soggetti che completato il trial diagnostico\nTotale 39,7% donne 60,3% uomini\nTrial 39,7% donne 60,3% uomini\nPaciello et al (68) 1006 soggetti 40,1 anni (media) 53,6% donne 46,4% uomini\nPunzi et al (2007) (72) 226 cartelle cliniche 76,5% 35-54 anni 39,8% 45-54 anni\n53,1% donne 46,9% uomini\nPunzi et al (2012) (73) 52 soggetti (gruppo mobbing)\n19,2% 25-34 anni 30,8% 35-44 anni 36,5% 45-54 anni 13,5% 55-64 anni\n55,8% donne 44,2% uomini\nRaho et al (2008) (74) 276 soggetti 12% 21-30 anni 38% 31-40 anni 33% 41-50 anni 17% 51-60 anni\n60,0% donne 40,0% uomini\nRomano et al (2007) (75) 206 soggetti donne 100% 34-50 anni 206 donne\nRomeo et al (2013) (76) 48 soggetti 43,3 anni in media 31 donne 17 uomini\nSignorelli et al (2013) (86) 1 soggetto 58 anni 1 donna\nSpagnoli et al (87) 141 soggetti 7% <30 anni 81,6% 31-50 anni 11,3% ≥51\n65,2% donne 34,8% uomini\nTonini et al (2011) (90) 345 soggetti in totale Gruppo mobbing (36,5"],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":797374559,"citingcorpusid":18709414,"citedcorpusid":120966198,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["which is just the Watson–Migdal (WM) approximation [32,33].","At this stage, the popular and elegant treatment of the FSI is the one proposed by Waston and Migdal [32] [33], which relates the total reaction amplitude to the p ¯ p scattering T-matrix simply by a constant, see e.g., the discussion in the Jülich work [30].","Combining Equations (2) and (3), one easily finds T i f = a i f a f f T f f , (4) and, in the case that the quantity a i f /a f f has a very weak energy dependence, say, a constant, then one recovers T i f = constant × T f f , (5) which is just the Watson–Migdal (WM) approximation [32] [33].","At this stage, the popular and elegant treatment of the FSI is the one proposed by Waston and Migdal [32,33], which relates the total reaction amplitude to the pp̄ scattering T-matrix simply by a constant, see e."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2113317450,"citingcorpusid":145165181,"citedcorpusid":21206098,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, some evidence suggests that families with BPD may be different in important ways from families with these other problems (Hooley & Hoffman, 1999), and that the quality of family relationships can have a significant impact on the overall functioning of people with BPD over time (Gunderson…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":912772957,"citingcorpusid":39941544,"citedcorpusid":140624557,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…dioxide and about 20 times more potent than the latter (IPCC 2001), has not only been held responsible for dramatic climate changes in the past (Kennett et al. 2000; Dickens 2003) but also has a significant share on global warming today (Cicerone and Oremland 1988; Rasmussen and Khalil 1984).","After 1% agarose gel electrophoresis with lambda DNA standard solutions (Promega), PCR products were quantified using the software ImageJ ( Rasband 1997 –2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1529238909,"citingcorpusid":22632339,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It varies at different temporal and spatial scale, even varies inter-seasonally from extreme crisis to complete safety (Downing and Bakker 2000; Wilhite 2000).","…three components: (i) the susceptibility of society (i.e., converse of adaptive capacity) which depend upon attributes of society, (ii) exposure to hazard (e.g., water stress), and (iii) coping abilities (Kates 1985; Chambers 1989; Blaikie et al. 1994; Bohle et al. 1994; Downing and Bakker 2000)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":862803993,"citingcorpusid":38256658,"citedcorpusid":22999354,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Sustained activation of Raf, the upstream mediator of Erk, has been shown to block cells from apoptotic signals, allowing them to respond to TGF-b .T his indicates that Smads and the Erk pathway work in tandem in some circumstances [ 52 ], albeit not directly related to linker region phosphorylation."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3604904989,"citingcorpusid":233448288,"citedcorpusid":72386510,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["By having the ability to self-manage their conditions, children and adolescents are able to actively and effectively participate in their treatment plans (Buckner et al., 2018; Burbank et al., 2015; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Lorig and Holman, 2003; Magzamen et al., 2008; Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Rhee et al., 2011, 2014; Venditti et al., 2018; Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","…extraction and synthesis for this integrative review (Table 1) (Buckner et al., 2018; Burbank et al., 2015; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Magzamen et al., 2008; Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Rhee et al., 2011, 2014; Venditti et al., 2018; Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","All studies contained self-reported measures for data collection, which could have resulted in response bias and telescoping (Buckner et al., 2018; Burbank et al., 2015; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Magzamen et al., 2008; Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Rhee et al., 2011, 2014; Venditti et al., 2018; Waltz et al., 2017; Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","…behaviors, and improved adherence to treatments (Buckner et al., 2018; Burbank et al., 2015; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Magzamen et al., 2008; Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Rhee et al., 2011, 2014; Venditti et al., 2018; Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","(c on\ntin ue d)\nA ut ho\nrs ,\nye ar\n(N = 12 ar tic le s, 2 ar tic le s re po rt ed on th e sa m e st ud y)\nSt ud y pu rp os e\nSt ud y de si gn\nan d\nm et ho\nds\nSe tt in g, sa m pl e de sc ri pt io n, si ze (n )\nR es ul ts\nPe di at ri c Se lfm an ag em\nen t M od el (e xt ra ct ed as re su lt of re vi ew )\nM et ho\ndo lo gi ca l\nst re ng th s an d lim ita tio ns\nM M A T :“ Y es ” re sp on se s (S up pl em\nen ta ry\nM at er ia li n T ab le 2)\nef fi ca cy\nfo r as th m a\npr ev en tio\nn an d\nm an ag em\nen t to\nas th m a se lfm an ag em\nen t, ad he re nc e to tr ea tm en t, an d as th m a m or bi di tie\ns\nw he re\nse lf-\nm an ag em\nen t sc en ar io s w er e pr es en te d an d sc or ed by ra te rs Pa rt ic ip an ts\nan d th ei r\nca re gi ve rs co m pl et ed qu es tio\nnn ai re s an d in te rv ie w s re ga rd in g as th m a ch ar ac te ri st ic s\n17 ye ar so\nld an d th ei r\nca re gi ve rs\n(n = 77 )\nm or bi di ty\nbu t\nun re la te d to\nse lf-\nm an ag em\nen t or\ntr ea tm\nen t ad he re nc e Se lfef fi ca cy\nas so ci at ed\nw ith\nad he re nc e to\ntr ea tm\nen t bu t\nun re la te d to\nse lf-\nm an ag em\nen t an d as th m a m or bi di ty\n(d at a co lle ct io n)\nin st ru m en ts\nLi m ita tio\nns :s el f-\nre po\nrt ed\nda ta ,s in gl e-\nsi te ,a nd\nac tu al se lf-\nm an ag em\nen t be ha vi or s no t as se ss ed\nBurbank et al., 2015; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Magzamen et al., 2008; Modi et al., 2012; Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Rhee et al., 2011, 2014; Venditti et al., 2018; Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","Another implication from this review was the importance of family members, peers, and healthcare providers in supporting children and adolescents in adopting self-management strategies (Buckner et al., 2018; Burbank et al., 2015; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Magzamen et al., 2008; Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Rhee et al., 2011, 2014; Venditti et al., 2018; Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","…nd\nac tu al se lf-\nm an ag em\nen t be ha vi or s no t as se ss ed\nBurbank et al., 2015; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Magzamen et al., 2008; Modi et al., 2012; Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Rhee et al., 2011, 2014; Venditti et al., 2018; Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","Self-management strategies found in the studies included combinations of in-person and webbased educational programs (n = 4) (Buckner et al., 2018; Magzamen et al., 2008; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Venditti et al., 2018), mobile applications (apps) (n = 3) (Burbank et al., 2015; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017), peer support groups and peer guidance (n = 2) (Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Rhee et al., 2011), messages delivered via MP3 players (n = 1) (Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014), symptom monitoring devices (n = 1) (Rhee et al., 2014), and scenarios requiring hypothetical decision-making (n = 1) (Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","All articles involved the individual domain of the Pediatric Self-management Model (Buckner et al., 2018; Burbank et al., 2015; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Magzamen et al., 2008; Modi et al., 2012; Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Rhee et al., 2011, 2014; Venditti et al., 2018; Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","…sounds, a case–control design, and reevaluation data (Rhee et al., 2014); and one study where the study design was not explicitly stated, but quantitative data was collected through surveys and sessions where self-management scenarios were presented and scored by raters (Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","…and adolescents in adopting self-management strategies (Buckner et al., 2018; Burbank et al., 2015; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Magzamen et al., 2008; Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Rhee et al., 2011, 2014; Venditti et al., 2018; Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","Increased family support, through disease communication and reminders about treatment actions, had positive effects on self-management behaviors of children and adolescents in all six studies (Buckner et al., 2018; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Venditti et al., 2018; Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","…of the Pediatric Self-management Model (Buckner et al., 2018; Burbank et al., 2015; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Magzamen et al., 2008; Modi et al., 2012; Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Rhee et al., 2011, 2014; Venditti et al., 2018; Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","…and peer guidance (n = 2) (Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Rhee et al., 2011), messages delivered via MP3 players (n = 1) (Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014), symptom monitoring devices (n = 1) (Rhee et al., 2014), and scenarios requiring hypothetical decision-making (n = 1) (Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","All publications were reports of primary research studies, with five randomized controlled trials (Goyal et al., 2017; Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Rhee et al., 2011; Venditti et al., 2018); three quasi-experimental designs (Buckner et al., 2018; Burbank et al., 2015;\nMagzamen et al., 2008); one study involving a design phase with interviews and focus group sessions and a clinical pilot phase with a quasi-experimental approach (Cafazzo et al., 2012); one study with three phases including collection of symptom sounds, a case–control design, and reevaluation data (Rhee et al., 2014); and one study where the study design was not explicitly stated, but quantitative data was collected through surveys and sessions where self-management scenarios were presented and scored by raters (Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","…participants with higher beliefs in their capabilities to control their behaviors were more likely to employ selfmanagement strategies with more successful results in dealing with their diseases (Buckner et al., 2018; Burbank et al., 2015; Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","Six studies addressed the role that family played in self-management strategies (Buckner et al., 2018; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Modi et al., 2012; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Venditti et al., 2018; Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","Interventional research studies focused on the participants’ personal characteristics, such as age and motivation, in implementing self-management interventions and studying their effectiveness (Buckner et al., 2018; Burbank et al., 2015; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Magzamen et al., 2008; Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Rhee et al., 2011, 2014; Venditti et al., 2018).","A key finding of this review was that involving children and adolescents in the design and delivery phases of interventions was most effective in improving self-management when the interventions did not outweigh cognitive ability or maturity level (Buckner et al., 2018; Burbank et al., 2015; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Magzamen et al., 2008; Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Rhee et al., 2011, 2014; Venditti et al., 2018).","Third, there was a variety of study designs and methodologies, from qualitative data collection elements to randomized controlled trials, which provided diverse and in-depth findings (Buckner et al., 2018; Burbank et al., 2015; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Magzamen et al., 2008;Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014;Mulvaney et al., 2010; Polit and Beck, 2017; Rhee et al., 2011, 2014; Venditti et al., 2018; Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","…participate in their treatment plans (Buckner et al., 2018; Burbank et al., 2015; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Lorig and Holman, 2003; Magzamen et al., 2008; Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Rhee et al., 2011, 2014; Venditti et al., 2018; Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","Five studies discussed developmental stages directly (Buckner et al., 2018; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Rhee et al., 2011; Venditti et al., 2018), but none of these studies provided specific details onmeasures used to determine cognitive ability or maturity level.","Eleven studies met criteria for data extraction and synthesis for this integrative review (Table 1) (Buckner et al., 2018; Burbank et al., 2015; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Magzamen et al., 2008; Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Rhee et al., 2011, 2014; Venditti et al., 2018; Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","…provided diverse and in-depth findings (Buckner et al., 2018; Burbank et al., 2015; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Magzamen et al., 2008;Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014;Mulvaney et al., 2010; Polit and Beck, 2017; Rhee et al., 2011, 2014; Venditti et al., 2018; Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","…resulted in response bias and telescoping (Buckner et al., 2018; Burbank et al., 2015; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Magzamen et al., 2008; Mosnaim et al., 2013, 2014; Mulvaney et al., 2010; Rhee et al., 2011, 2014; Venditti et al., 2018; Waltz et al., 2017; Zebracki and Drotar, 2004).","…disease communication and reminders about treatment actions, had positive effects on self-management behaviors of children and adolescents in all six studies (Buckner et al., 2018; Cafazzo et al., 2012; Goyal et al., 2017; Mulvaney et al., 2010; 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{"citationid":1205383513,"citingcorpusid":91142705,"citedcorpusid":121742386,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["水色遥感数据在中国近海的应用\n中国近海是指毗邻中国大陆边缘与岛屿边缘的海的统称，包括渤海、黄海、东海、南海和台湾以东\n海域[29]。其中渤黄东海陆架构成了宽而广阔的陆缘浅海。黄河从山东省东营垦利县注入渤海，长江则在 上海附近进入东海。南海的面积大约是渤海、黄海、东海面积总和的 3 倍，在南海的中部北侧有一很大 的深海盆地，南海四周几乎被大陆、岛屿所包围，通过众多海峡与太平洋及邻近海域相连通。珠江从中\n国广东省注入南海北部，湄公河从中南半岛流经于越南进入南海南部。渤海、黄海、东海的绝大部分水\n体和南海近岸部分水体都属于二类水体，具有极为复杂光学特征。渤海水深最浅，平均水深只有 18 m， 且渤海沿岸江河纵横，每年入海河流携带大量泥沙，为渤海提供了丰富的营养盐。黄、东海是典型的陆\n架海洋生态系统，受人类活动影响较大，对我国海洋生产力的贡献较大，属于生产力的高值海域[30]。不 同于其他北部的海域，南海除了近岸部分的水体外大部分海域都处于寡营养(低叶绿素浓度)状态。\nCZCS 虽然作为一次实验性质的试验，但是提供了宝贵的 8 年连续遥感数据，并为新型海色传感器 的研究提供了借鉴，开启了利用光学遥感监测全球海洋变化的时代。国内较早使用水色传感器数据的学\n者有宁修仁、唐丹玲等，Ning 等人[31]将 1978 年至 1986 年的 CZCS 水色遥感数据和 1981 年至 1986 年 AVHRR 水温遥感相结合对东海海域浮游植物生态动力学过程进行研究，研究结果肯定了 CZCS 水色数 据对于观测东海渔区非常重要，但是同时也提出 CZCS 数据不能明确流经东海的环流对浮游植物生物量 影响程度。Tang 等人[32]通过分析 1978 年~1986 年 CZCS 数据较早研究了中国边缘海的色素(叶绿素)浓 度的年际和空间分布，结果表明色素浓度在内陆架和北部海区相对较高且多变，而在外陆架和东南海区\n色素浓度较低且变化较小。色素浓度从 1979 年至 1986 年的年际变化较强，并于 1981 年达到最大值。其 后，Tang 等人[33]又基于 CZCS 数据研究了 1978 年至 1986 年渤海、黄海、东海以及南海北部叶绿素浓 度的月变化以及对季节性风与海表温度进行分析，并突出其中 1979 年 11 月至 1980 年 10 月 CZCS 数据 相对较好的时段，比较黄河口、长江口、珠江口 3 个区域叶绿素浓度月变化。研究结果表明，叶绿素浓 度季节变化很有可能与季风反转有关，而其空间变化则受河流径流量、上升流与沿岸流的影响。\n随着第二代水色传感器的发展，美国于 1997 年 9 月发射了专门海洋水色卫星 Seastar，其上配置有 SeaWiFS 传感器，它连续 13 年的运行以及更多的光谱通道与更好的灵敏度为后来的水色研究提供了良好 的数据源。针对 SeawiFS 传感器，不同的海域有不同的研究，如在渤海海域 Tang 等[34]依据 SeaWiFS 水 色遥感数据以及其他海洋特征数据分析了 1998 年秋季发生在渤海海域藻华的形成、分布与平流输送，结 果显示藻华开始于 9 月初在渤海西海岸爆发，当海表温度上升到 25℃~26℃时向东南方向扩散。藻华形 成可能是由河流在西海岸输运的混合营养盐与海表温度上升引起的，后来在 9 月末 10 月初的时候藻华向 东转移的可能是由西北风加强的局地环流引起的。钱莉等[35]利用 1998~2009 年的 SeaWiFS 数据，运用 经验正交分解函数(EOF)分析渤海表层叶绿素浓度的时空分布特点，得出叶绿素浓度在空间分布上表现为 从近岸向外海迅速减少，在季节变化上呈现夏季偏低，其他三个季节相对较高的结论。\n在黄、东海海域，Yamaguchi 等[36]应用 1997 年 9 月至 2006 年 10 月的 SeaWiFS 月平均水色数据对 黄海与东海海域叶绿素浓度季节分布特征与影响因子进行了讨论，同时评估年际变化用以帮助说明夏季\n长江流量的影响，得出叶绿素浓度年际变化受长江径流量控制的结论，且在这 10 年内黄海夏季叶绿素浓 度在逐渐增加，很有可能会引发水体富营养化。李国胜等[37]利用 SeaWiFS 的海洋叶绿素浓度 SeaBAM 模型反演结果，在中国东海建立分别针对一、二类水体的修订模式，反演计算获取东海 1998 年各月叶绿 素浓度的分布，并通过 VGPM 模型获得逐月初级生产力时空分布以及全年累积量的空间分布情况。结果\n表明，东海的近海由于受海流状况与长江冲淡水影响，叶绿素浓度季节变化明显，而在远海区域全年变\n化较小；整个东海海域初级生产力的月变化呈现出双峰特征，峰值分别出现在春秋，其中春季峰值较大。 在南海海域，陈楚群等[3]利用 SeawiFS 资料分析系统 SeaDAS 的估算模式分析获取叶绿素资料，初\n步分析南海表层叶绿素浓度的时空分布变化特征及其与营养盐、南海环流、海温等的关系，分析结果表 明叶绿素浓度分布与南海环流具有良好的耦合性，其分布格局基本上受南海环流结构的控制。赵辉等[38] 基于 1997 年 10 月至 2002 年 9 月 SeaWiFS 卫星遥感数据，探讨了南海浮游植物叶绿素浓度的时空分布 状况。结果表明，南海叶绿素浓度具有明显的季节性变化特征，具体表现为大部分海域叶绿素浓度冬季 较高，春季较低；在空间分布上，叶绿素浓度呈现近岸区高、中央海盆区低的特征。赵辉等[39]还利用 SeaWiFS 获取的 1997~2005年期间叶绿素 a 数据以及其他海洋要素数据分析南海叶绿素分布的年际变化， 得出 1998 年南海低叶绿素浓度的异常事件受厄尔尼诺影响的结论。后来刘昕等[40]运用 SeaWiFS 获取的 近 13 年的逐月叶绿素浓度资料，通过经验正交函数(EOF)分解方法，分析南海叶绿素浓度的空间分布状 况及其随时间的变化特征。 在南海北部海域，郝锵等[41]利用南海北部 7 年平均 SeaWiFS 水色数据结合 AVHRR 海温遥感资料， 在 VGPM 模型的支持下计算南海北部海域河口、上升流、反气旋涡等区域表层叶绿素浓度和初级生产力 的周年变化以及分析这些因子之间的相关性。研究结果显示，南海北部海域初级生产力在空间分布上呈\n现由近岸向外海逐渐降低的变化趋势，在季节变化上表现为冬高夏低。在南海西北部海域，赵辉等[42] 利用 1999~2003 年 SeaWiFS 卫星遥感获取的叶绿素浓度数据和 2004 年的航测的数据，并结合海表温度、 风场、海面高度等资料，分析讨论叶绿素浓度的时空分布及其与其他海洋环境要素的相关性，除此之外 还通过对比实测叶绿素和遥感叶绿素验证了 SeaWiFS 遥感叶绿素数据在南海西北部的可用性，结果表明， 南海西北部的叶绿素浓度具有明显的空间变化特征且与风场等环境因子关系密切。 除了上述海域的研究，商少凌等[43]利用 SeaWiFS 获取的 1998 年 2 到 3 月份台湾海峡的水色数据与 现场调查得到的叶绿素数据进行了初步的对比分析，比较了遥感观测叶绿素分布情况与实测叶绿素的分\n布情况，希望通过便利的水色遥感信息掌握叶绿素的时空变化，进而研究海洋初级生产力。结果显示出 SeaWiFS 水色数据与现场实测数据呈现良好的相关性，初步证明 SeaWiFS 水色数据能够在一定程度上反 映海域的真实叶绿素浓度。 继 SeaWiFS 之后，第三代传感器 MODIS、MERIS 等在中国近海海域也同样得到广泛应用。在渤海 海域，Cui 等[44]将渤海的站点数据结合可获取到的 MERIS 离水辐射率、悬浮颗粒物浓度与叶绿素浓度 数据，证实对于沿岸浑浊水体依据严格的匹配分析其生物光学特性的实测结果与 MERIS 反演结果呈良好 的相关关系。钱莉等[45]继使用 SeaWiFS 数据分析渤海海域表层叶绿素浓度的时空分布特征后，又采用 统计学方法分析了 2002~2009 年的基于 MODIS 反演渤海叶绿素浓度的时空变化特征，其中空间分布与 之前使用 SeaWiFS 分析结果一致，时间变化略有不同，引起差别的原因可能是由于标准的 MODIS 叶绿 素算法针对一类水体开发的，而渤海是内海为典型的二类水体，黄色物质和悬浮泥沙等因素的影响较大。 许士国等[46]利用 MODIS 月平均叶绿素浓度数据，分析了 2003~2013 年渤海表层叶绿素浓度的季节 与年际的空间分布变化特征，研究结果表明：渤海表层水体叶绿素浓度在沿岸浅水区域偏高，从 2003 到 2013 年，除莱州湾外，渤海表层叶绿素浓度逐年增加；季节分布呈双峰特征，冬季最低，春季逐渐升高， 夏季达到峰值后降低，夏末秋初时又有回升至冬季又有所下降，最高值出现在 5~9 月，与赤潮容易暴发 时间段相吻合。文章还探讨了与之前他人研究结论有所差异的原因，如钱莉等[36]研究发现渤海海域整体 叶绿素浓度均值以 2006 年为分水岭，在 2006 年以前缓慢上升，2006 年后缓慢下降，分析发现两者结论 不一致的原因在于选择研究范围不同以及所采用的统计指标也不同；与 Yamaguchi 等[37]所得到的渤海 叶绿素浓度最高值出现在 3 月的结论不相符，结论不同的原因可能是两者选择了不同的数据源以及两者\n所研究时段不同。Fu 等[47]利用 2003~2014 年的 MODIS 数据研究分析渤海表层叶绿素浓度的时空变化， 探讨了浮游植物的动态变化与其环境变化和人类活动的关系。结果表明渤海表层叶绿素浓度在沿岸区较\n高，特别是秦皇岛附近。春、夏季从南至北藻华的爆发有一个月的滞后，离岸区呈现持续地增长趋势，\n近岸区显示出持续下降的趋势，表明富营养化从沿海区向深海区的扩张过程。季节性浮游植物水华的基\n本上是由水柱垂直结构所驱动的。气候和海水养殖活动与叶绿素浓度的变化趋势息息相关，河流流量和\n含沙也同样会影响叶绿素浓度。 在黄海海域，杨曦光[48]利用 MODIS 获取的遥感影像数据结合实测得到的光谱数据，采用统计分析\n和神经网络等数学方法，建立了针对黄海二类水体叶绿素浓度的反演模型，计算得到不同时段的叶绿素\n浓度分布图，分析黄海海域叶绿素浓度的时空变化特征。结果表明，春季和夏初整个海区叶绿素浓度较\n高，夏季叶绿素浓度略有下降，秋季叶绿素浓度又有所增加，冬季由于受水温影响，叶绿素浓度水平整\n体偏低。在南海北部海域，马翱慧等[49]基于 2007 年至 2010 年 MODIS 的 L2 级叶绿素浓度数据产品， 将叶绿素浓度数据进行分级分区处理为年平均和月平均数据，探讨南海北部叶绿素浓度的时空分布变化\n特征及其与其他海洋环境要素的关系。结果表明，在空间分布上，南海北部海域表层叶绿素浓度表现为\n由近岸向外海递减；在时间变化上，叶绿素浓度在水深较浅的近岸海域没有明显的季节变化，而在深水\n区域有明显的季节变化，具体表现为冬季最大夏季最小。 近几年，有不少学者应用多卫星传感器的融合数据对中国近海的水色遥感进行了研究，如檀赛春等\n[50]利用 SeaWiFS 和 MODIS 的合成产品叶绿素浓度、有效光合辐射(PAR)和海表温度(SST)资料，反演估 算了 2003 至 2005 年中国近海的初级生产力，分析了它们的时空分布变化特征以及与其他影响因子之间 的关系。分析结果表明，初级生产力沿岸高于外海，且呈带状递减分布，其中长江口附近的初级生产力\n最高、南海最低。李新星等[51]基于 MODIS-Aqua、MOIDS-Terra 及 MERIS 所获取的南海叶绿素浓度的 数据，利用平均法、生物光学模型法和最优插值法 3 种数据融合方法对其进行了融合，将南海叶绿素融 合数据与现场实测数据进行匹配，分析结果显示，融合的南海叶绿素的时空分布特征与以前有关研究结\n果相吻合，说明融合数据具有较高可信度。施英妮等 [52]通过客观分析融合方法对卫星传感器 Aqua/MODIS、Terra/MODIS与Envisat/MERIS多源卫星产品获取的西北太平洋海域叶绿素浓度进行融合， 研究结果表明融合产品不仅保证了数据精度还提高数据空间覆盖率。\n除了上述研究之外，还有学者对不同卫星传感器的水色产品进行了比较分析，如 Qin 等[53]基于匹配 方法分析比较了 2011 年 4 月 11 日在黄海近岸的 GOCI 与 MERIS 水色产品。Cui 等人[54]在黄、东海通 过 3 种主要水色卫星传感器 MODIS、MERIS 以及 SeaWiFS 与实测数据进行匹配，评估并比较了水色产 品包括悬浮颗粒物(SPM)与叶绿素(chl-a)。\n5.","由近岸向外海递减;在时间变化上,叶绿素浓度在水深较浅的近岸海域没有明显的季节变化,而在深水 区域有明显的季节变化,具体表现为冬季最大夏季最小。 近几年,有不少学者应用多卫星传感器的融合数据对中国近海的水色遥感进行了研究,如檀赛春等 [50]利用 SeaWiFS 和 MODIS 的合成产品叶绿素浓度、有效光合辐射(PAR)和海表温度(SST)资料,反演估 算了 2003 至 2005 年中国近海的初级生产力,分析了它们的时空分布变化特征以及与其他影响因子之间 的关系。分析结果表明,初级生产力沿岸高于外海,且呈带状递减分布,其中长江口附近的初级生产力 最高、南海最低。李新星等[51]基于 MODIS-Aqua、MOIDS-Terra 及 MERIS 所获取的南海叶绿素浓度的 数据,利用平均法、生物光学模型法和最优插值法 3 种数据融合方法对其进行了融合,将南海叶绿素融 合数据与现场实测数据进行匹配,分析结果显示,融合的南海叶绿素的时空分布特征与以前有关研究结 果相吻合,说明融合数据具有较高可信度。施英妮等 [52]通过客观分析融合方法对卫星传感器 Aqua/MODIS、Terra/MODIS与Envisat/MERIS多源卫星产品获取的西北太平洋海域叶绿素浓度进行融合, 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{"citationid":599108171,"citingcorpusid":57437282,"citedcorpusid":36132292,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[" \n28\n29\n30\nAppendix 2.1: Responses to peer review REVIEW #1 GUT/2009/188383 Increasing incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Ontario, Canada: evidence from health administrative data Eric Ian Benchimol, Astrid Guttmann, Anne M Griffiths, Linda Rabeneck, David R. Mack, Herbert Brill, John Howard, Jun Guan, and Teresa To Decision: Accept for Online First; Decision Date: 21 Jul 2009 Date Received: 16 May 2009 Previous manuscript ID: GUT/2009/188383 Article Type: Paper Corresponding Author: Eric Ian Benchimol Keywords: ; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEALTH SERVICE RESEARCH; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE; PAEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY Supplemental Files: 0\nReviewer 1 Comments for the Author...","There are no data on IBD in Ontario, Canada’s most populous province with 38% (12.2 million people) of the national population (66).","Fiscal year Number of children ( 18 years) with IBD living in\nOntario†\nAge-/sexstandardized\nprevalence rate per 100,000 (95% CI)\nNumber of children and\nyouth with new diagnosis of IBD\nAge-/sexstandardized\nincidence rate per 100,000 (95% CI)\n1994 1034 42.1 (39.6 – 44.8) 235 9.54 (8.4 – 10.8) 1995 1117 44.8 (42.2 – 47.5) 229 9.17 (8.0 – 10.4) 1996 1194 46.9 (44.3 – 49.7) 246 9.65 (8.5 – 10.9) 1997 1278 49.2 (46.6 – 52.0) 264 10.15 (9.0 – 11.5) 1998 1398 52.8 (50.1 – 55.7) 264 9.95 (8.8 – 11.2) 1999 1448 53.8 (51.1 – 56.7) 252 9.36 (8.2 – 10.6) 2000 1478 53.8 (51.1 – 56.7) 270 9.85 (8.7 – 11.1) 2001 1498 53.6 (50.9 – 56.4) 267 9.57 (8.5 – 10.8) 2002 1519 53.7 (51.0 – 56.4) 248 8.76 (7.7 – 9.9) 2003 1510 53.1 (50.5 – 55.9) 270 9.51 (8.4 – 10.7) 2004 1553 53.4 (51.7 – 57.1) 297 10.42 (9.3 – 11.7) 2005 1621 56.3 (53.6 – 59.2) 327 11.43 (10.2 – 12.7)\n† Represents the number of children and youth ( 18 years old) with IBD alive and living in Ontario, Canada on July 1 of the noted year.","In Canada, the Canadian IBD Epidemiology Database identified patients with IBD using an algorithm of five health care contacts or one hospitalization, over an 11 year period (30).","The incidence and prevalence rates for children <18 years are lower than those reported for some other Canadian provinces, although those provinces reported rates for <20 year olds (3).","The Canadian data are based on only five provinces, excluding Canada’s largest province, Ontario.","5% of the population is afflicted with IBD and Canada has the highest incidence of CD reported globally (3).","Canada's single-payer health system, in which all legal residents have universal access to all healthcare services, represents a unique opportunity to capture all cases of IBD within a large jurisdiction.","10\nChapter 2\nIncreasing incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Ontario, Canada: evidence from health\nadministrative data\nPublished in manuscript form: Benchimol EI, Guttmann A, Griffiths AM, Rabeneck L, Mack DR, Brill H, Howard J, Guan J, To T. Increasing incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Ontario, Canada: evidence from health administrative data.","Health administrative data have been used to describe epidemiologic trends among primarily adult populations of IBD patients in one Canadian study (3) as well as among privately insured American patients (33, 71).","Health administrative databases, which in Canada exist for all legal residents within a province, are an excellent tool to examine trends in epidemiology and health services use as well as the impact of environmental factors on the development and outcomes of childhood-onset IBD.","(1) Adjusted Regression Model Odds Ratios (95% CI) (3) vs.","67 4.3.5 Statistical Analysis .................................................................................................. 68 4.4 Results ............................................................................................................................ 68\n4.4.1 Care Provision to Children with IBD...................................................................... 69 4.4.2 Immunomodulator and Biologic Use in Children on Social Assistance ................. 70 4.4.3 Outpatient Visit, Hospitalization and Surgical Rates ............................................. 70 4.5 Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 71\nvi\n4.6 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ 75 CHAPTER 5: Discussion ............................................................................................................ 81\n5.1 Summary of Research .................................................................................................... 81 5.2 Administrative Data as a Tool for Chronic Disease Surveillance .................................. 82 5.3 The Rising Incidence and Prevalence of Paediatric IBD in Ontario .............................. 89 5.4 Children of Low Income Neighbourhoods Have Higher Health Services Utilization and Surgical Rates ................................................................................................................................\n5.4.1 The Use of Neighbourhood Income As a Proxy for Individual/Household Income 91 5.4.2 The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease 94 5.4.3 The Link Between Income, Healthcare Provision and Health Outcomes in Children with Chronic Diseases ............................................................................................ 95 5.5 Assessing Effectiveness of Recent Changes to Medical Treatment in IBD .................. 96 5.6 Limitations of the Ontario Crohn’s and Colitis Cohort .................................................. 98 5.7 Futures Directions ........................................................................................................ 100\nREFERENCES .......................................................................................................................... 102 \nvii\nList of Tables\nCHAPTER 2: Increasing Incidence of Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Ontario, Canada: Evidence From Health Administrative Data\nTable 2.1: Examples of test characteristics of multiple two-step algorithms to ascertain children with IBD using physician claims and hospitalization data ..........................................23 Table 2.2: Examples of test characteristics of multiple single-step algorithms to ascertain children with IBD using physician claims and hospitalization data ..........................................24 Table 2.3: Age-sex adjusted prevalence and incidence rates of inflammatory bowel disease in children and youth in Ontario (Fiscal Years: 1994-2005) ..........................................................25 Table 2.4: Crude incidence and prevalence (per 100,000 population) of paediatric IBD by age group and sex for Ontario in 2005 .............................................................................................26 Table 2.5: Time trends in incidence stratified by age group ......................................................27\nCHAPTER 3: Surgical and Health Services Outcomes of Childhood-onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Socio-economic Status: Findings From a Universal Access Healthcare System\nTable 3.1: Descriptive statistics of overall cohort and of groups by income quintile ................54\nTable 3.2: All cause and IBD-related health services utilization and adjusted odds/hazard ratios by neighbourhood income quintile group ..................................................................................60\nTable 3.3: Likelihood of surgery by neighbourhood income quintile group .............................62 Supplemental Table 3.1: Billing codes used to identify intestinal, rectal and peri-anal surgeries within the OHIP physician billing database ...............................................................................63 Supplemental Table 3.2: Classification of health services use ..................................................64\nCHAPTER 4: Changes in Surgical and Hospital Rates in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Ontario, Canada (1994-2007)\nTable 4.1: Descriptive statistics of overall cohort and of groups by era of diagnosis ...............81\nTable 4.2: IBD-related health services utilization and adjusted odds ratios by year of diagnosis ....................................................................................................................................................84\nTable 4.3: Likelihood of surgery within three years of diagnosis by year of diagnosis ............85\nviii\nList of Figures CHAPTER 2: Increasing Incidence of Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Ontario, Canada: Evidence From Health Administrative Data\nFigure 2.1: Age- and sex-standardized prevalence of IBD, CD, UC and unclassifiable IBD per 100,000 population in Ontario, Canada .....................................................................................28 Figure 2.2: Age- and sex-standardized incidence of IBD, CD, UC and unclassifiable IBD per 100,000 population in Ontario, Canada .....................................................................................29  CHAPTER 3: Surgical and Health Services Outcomes of Childhood-onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Socio-economic Status: Findings From a Universal Access Healthcare System\nFigure 3.1: Number of outpatient physician visits for IBD cohort by year since diagnosis ......55\nFigure 3.2: Number of hospitalizations for IBD cohort by year since diagnosis .......................56\nFigure 3.3: Number of emergency department visits for IBD cohort by year since diagnosis ..57\nFigure 3.4: Likelihood of IBD-related hospital admission (A) and emergency department visit (B) by income quintile group by year since diagnosis ...............................................................58\nFigure 3.5: Likelihood of intra-abdominal or respective surgery by income quintile group for patients with Crohn’s (A) or UC (B) by year since diagnosis ...................................................59\nCHAPTER 4: Changes in Surgical and Hospital Rates in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Ontario, Canada (1994-2007)\nFigure 4.1: Number of IBD-related outpatient visits within three years of diagnosis by physician specialty .....................................................................................................................82\nFigure 4.2: Proportion of IBD-related outpatient care within three years of diagnosis by physician specialty .....................................................................................................................83\nCHAPTER 5: Discussion\nFigure 5.1: Example of the importance of PPV in determining the prevalence of a rare disease ....................................................................................................................................................93\nix\nList of Abbreviations 6-MP: 6-mercaptopurine AHRQ: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality AUROC: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve CA: census agglomeration CD: Crohn's disease CI: confidence intervals CIHR: Canadian Institutes of Health Research CMA: census metropolitan area CSD: census subdivision CT: census tract DA: dissemination area EA: enumeration area ED: emergency department FSA: forward sortation area FY: fiscal year GI: gastroenterologist HMO: health maintenance organization HR: hazard ratio IBD: inflammatory bowel disease IBD-U: inflammatory bowel disease type undefined ICD: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems ICES: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences LR+: positive likelihood ratio LR-: negative likelihood ratio MTX: methotrexate NPV: negative predictive value OCCC: Ontario Crohn's and Colitis Cohort OHIP: Ontario Health Insurance Plan OR: odds ratio PPV: positive predictive value SD: standard deviation SES: socioeconomic status SickKids: The Hospital for Sick Children TNF: tumour necrosis factor UC: ulcerative colitis\n1\nChapter 1\nIntroduction\nThe purposes of this chapter are to: 1.","With its high incidence of IBD, Canada is an ideal setting to examine the environmental and sociodemographic factors which may both predispose children to developing IBD and having worse outcomes.","8 CHAPTER 2: Increasing Incidence of Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Ontario, Canada: Evidence From Health Administrative Data ............................................................ 10\n2.1 Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Introduction ....................................................................................................................","In Canada, approximately 0.5% of the population is afflicted with IBD and Canada has the highest incidence of CD reported globally (3).","We used the health administrative databases available at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES; Toronto, Ontario, Canada).","38 3.3 Methods .......................................................................................................................... 40\n3.3.1 Study Cohort ........................................................................................................... 40 3.3.2 Data Sources ........................................................................................................... 40 3.3.2 Study Design and Population .................................................................................. 41 3.3.3 Categories of Health Services Utilization ............................................................... 42 3.3.5 Statistical Analysis .................................................................................................. 42 3.4 Results ............................................................................................................................ 43\n3.4.1 Overall Health Services Utilization ........................................................................ 44 3.4.2 Health Services Utilization by Income Quintile Group .......................................... 44 3.4.3 Influence of Age and Sex on Health Services Utilization ...................................... 45 3.5 Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 46 3.6 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ 48 CHAPTER 4: Changes in Surgical and Hospitalization Rates in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Ontario, Canada (1994-2007) .......................................................................","In Canada, all legal residents have universal access to government-paid physician visits, hospitalizations, emergency room visits and non-elective surgical procedures.","Stratum (by age of diagnosis) (1) Diagnosed 1994-1997 (2) Diagnosed 1998-2000 (3) Diagnosed 2001-2004 Adjusted Regression Model Odds Ratios (95% CI) (2) vs.","REVIEW #2 GUT/2009/188383 Increasing incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Ontario, Canada: evidence from health administrative data Eric Ian Benchimol, Astrid Guttmann, Anne M Griffiths, Linda Rabeneck, David R. 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Fuchs & Fuchs, 1995; Haynes & Jenkins, 1986; Moody, Vaughn, Hughes, & Fischer, 1998; Wleklenski, 1993). In fact, the studies by Wleklenski (1993) and Bentum and Aaron (2003) found a significant decline in the verbal IQ and spelling scores of children taught in resource rooms—an instance of the “Matthew effect.” There could be many reasons for the lack of success of resource room LD instruction. Among these are the high pupil–teacher ratio and the placement of children with behavioral and emotional problems as cohorts of children with LD in the resource room. The research reports mentioned earlier, however, have indicated that the primary reason for the poor outcome of LD instruction is the unsystematic way in which children are taught in many of the resource rooms. More specifically, there is a lack of uniformity in the instructional methods for teaching children with LD, as the discrepancy model does not provide the LD teachers with directions for instruction. In a review study, Vaughn, Levy, Coleman, and Bos (2002) synthesized studies conducted on students with LD and reported that the quality of reading instruction was poor, with excessive time allocated to seatwork and worksheets but limited time given to reading itself. After observing what went on in resource rooms, Haynes and Jenkins (1986) and Moody et al. (1998) noted that the quality of reading instruction provided was not based on a skills approach, but was driven by the whole-language philosophy and relied mainly on group work, which disregarded individual needs.","As the years passed, it became possible to take a closer look at the validity and utility of the discrepancy model and, as a result, it has come to be realized that the model, as it is used for diagnosing and treating reading problems, has failed to deliver the expected academic benefits (Aaron, 1997b). The disappointing outcome of the discrepancy model–based educational policy naturally impelled researchers to examine the potential reasons for its failure (e.g., Lyon et al., 2001). This scrutiny of the LD program identified many reasons for the disappointing outcome, but the most formidable problem faced by the discrepancy model is that children who are identified as having LD and provided with instruction in resource rooms have failed to show improvement in their reading skills, as documented by several researchers (Bentum & Aaron, 2003; Carlson, 1997; D. Fuchs & Fuchs, 1995; Haynes & Jenkins, 1986; Moody, Vaughn, Hughes, & Fischer, 1998; Wleklenski, 1993). In fact, the studies by Wleklenski (1993) and Bentum and Aaron (2003) found a significant decline in the verbal IQ and spelling scores of children taught in resource rooms—an instance of the “Matthew effect.” There could be many reasons for the lack of success of resource room LD instruction. Among these are the high pupil–teacher ratio and the placement of children with behavioral and emotional problems as cohorts of children with LD in the resource room. The research reports mentioned earlier, however, have indicated that the primary reason for the poor outcome of LD instruction is the unsystematic way in which children are taught in many of the resource rooms. More specifically, there is a lack of uniformity in the instructional methods for teaching children with LD, as the discrepancy model does not provide the LD teachers with directions for instruction. In a review study, Vaughn, Levy, Coleman, and Bos (2002) synthesized studies conducted on students with LD and reported that the quality of reading instruction was poor, with excessive time allocated to seatwork and worksheets but limited time given to reading itself. After observing what went on in resource rooms, Haynes and Jenkins (1986) and Moody et al.","As the years passed, it became possible to take a closer look at the validity and utility of the discrepancy model and, as a result, it has come to be realized that the model, as it is used for diagnosing and treating reading problems, has failed to deliver the expected academic benefits (Aaron, 1997b). The disappointing outcome of the discrepancy model–based educational policy naturally impelled researchers to examine the potential reasons for its failure (e.g., Lyon et al., 2001). This scrutiny of the LD program identified many reasons for the disappointing outcome, but the most formidable problem faced by the discrepancy model is that children who are identified as having LD and provided with instruction in resource rooms have failed to show improvement in their reading skills, as documented by several researchers (Bentum & Aaron, 2003; Carlson, 1997; D. Fuchs & Fuchs, 1995; Haynes & Jenkins, 1986; Moody, Vaughn, Hughes, & Fischer, 1998; Wleklenski, 1993). In fact, the studies by Wleklenski (1993) and Bentum and Aaron (2003) found a significant decline in the verbal IQ and spelling scores of children taught in resource rooms—an instance of the “Matthew effect.","The component model of reading provides a tentative answer to these requirements (Aaron, 1997a; Aaron & Kotva, 1999; Joshi & Aaron, 2000).","As the years passed, it became possible to take a closer look at the validity and utility of the discrepancy model and, as a result, it has come to be realized that the model, as it is used for diagnosing and treating reading problems, has failed to deliver the expected academic benefits (Aaron, 1997b). The disappointing outcome of the discrepancy model–based educational policy naturally impelled researchers to examine the potential reasons for its failure (e.g., Lyon et al., 2001). This scrutiny of the LD program identified many reasons for the disappointing outcome, but the most formidable problem faced by the discrepancy model is that children who are identified as having LD and provided with instruction in resource rooms have failed to show improvement in their reading skills, as documented by several researchers (Bentum & Aaron, 2003; Carlson, 1997; D. Fuchs & Fuchs, 1995; Haynes & Jenkins, 1986; Moody, Vaughn, Hughes, & Fischer, 1998; Wleklenski, 1993). In fact, the studies by Wleklenski (1993) and Bentum and Aaron (2003) found a significant decline in the verbal IQ and spelling scores of children taught in resource rooms—an instance of the “Matthew effect.” There could be many reasons for the lack of success of resource room LD instruction. Among these are the high pupil–teacher ratio and the placement of children with behavioral and emotional problems as cohorts of children with LD in the resource room. The research reports mentioned earlier, however, have indicated that the primary reason for the poor outcome of LD instruction is the unsystematic way in which children are taught in many of the resource rooms. More specifically, there is a lack of uniformity in the instructional methods for teaching children with LD, as the discrepancy model does not provide the LD teachers with directions for instruction. In a review study, Vaughn, Levy, Coleman, and Bos (2002) synthesized studies conducted on students with LD and reported that the quality of reading instruction was poor, with excessive time allocated to seatwork and worksheets but limited time given to reading itself.","…years passed, it became possible to take a closer look at the validity and utility of the discrepancy model and, as a result, it has come to be realized that the model, as it is used for diagnosing and treating reading problems, has failed to deliver the expected academic benefits (Aaron, 1997b)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":959397576,"citingcorpusid":1978726,"citedcorpusid":15918577,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Piffanelli et al. (2002) initially showed that the induction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulations upon infection by a fungal pathogen was stronger in a barley mlo mutant than in the WT.","Homozygous mutant alleles of HvMLO are resistant to well-known fungal powdery mildew pathogens in that crop (Jorgensen, 1992; Piffanelli et al., 2002).","Its expression can be regulated by many biotic and abiotic effectors, including Bgh fungus, leaf wounding, and the herbicide paraquat (Piffanelli et al., 2002).","Although the barley MLO genes are affected by abiotic stresses such as leaf-wounding and herbicides (Piffanelli et al., 2002), little is known about how genes in that family are influenced by other sources of stress."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4790561091,"citingcorpusid":256999881,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Machado (2014a) draws a connection between movement and kinship, reflecting on the production of socialities based on the movement of people across different spaces which acts as a qualifier and producer of socialities.","Just as, in some contexts, movement can entail transformations in kinship structures and be an effect of its determinations (Machado, 2014b), in the context of travestis it is possible to think of displacement as a producer of socialities.","Namely, that of “mobility as value”, presented by Guedes (2013), and that of Machado (2014a, 2014b), who considers movement to be a generator of differences.","In another context, Igor Renó Machado (2014a) explores numerous ethnographic examples in order to demonstrate different dimensions of movements.","…places” that allow for the existence of a way of life during displacement; with “mobility as value”, presented by Guedes (2013), and with that of Machado (2014a; 2014b), who thinks of movement as a generator of differences, offering contributions to what “may become an anthropology of…","…such as that of Silvana Nascimento (2014a; 2014b) on the “interstitial places” that allow for the existence of a way of life during displacement; also, that of Guedes (2013) and Machado (2014a; 2014b), who present the idea of “mobility as value” and regard movement as a producer of differences.","Machado (2014b) presents movements as a generators of infinitesimal differences, as catalysts of transformations in the orders of kinship and as a potentializer of new entanglements created from new lines that are cast in time and space."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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The fi nding has been disputed by Picard and Reis (2002) and Mir et al.","Gray (1988) and Perera and Mathews (1990) argue that these accountingculture value dimensions impact accounting systems in relation to the nature of regulation as well as disclosure practices.","…study also contributes to a deeper understanding of some of the fi ndings of previous studies that fi nd the cultural characteristics identifi ed by Gray (1988) are evolutionary rather than static (i.e., the characteristics of ethnics are dynamic as ethnic groups adapt to the dominant culture in a…","Gray (1988) fi nds that a relationship exists between ethnic cultural values and the level of disclosure of information.","Premised upon the four cultural dimensions identifi ed by Hofstede (1980), Gray (1988) identifi ed four accounting culture value dimensions which include (1) professionalism versus statutory control; (2) universality versus fl exibility; (3) conservatism versus optimism; and (4) secrecy versus…","It is clear that social values are associated with transparency and disclosure in the accounting practices (Gray 1988; Hofstede 1991). Thus, while it can be implied based upon the cultural dimensions by Hofstede that ethnic Malay managers will disclose less IC compared to ethnic Chinese managers, the fi ndings of existing studies are inconclusive, for example the study by Haniffa and Cooke (2002). Based upon the analysis of the accounting sub-culture carried out by Gray (1988), accounting profession practitioners in India are categorized as less-professional; and adhere to values associated with uniformity, high-conservatism and high secrecy. Within the framework depicted by Hofstede (1980), Gray’s (1988) study fi nds that Indians demonstrate low levels of uncertainty avoidance. The fi nding has been disputed by Picard and Reis (2002) and Mir et al. (2009), who argue that Indians often avoid uncertainty due to religious factors. Their fi ndings are inconsistent with the culture framework presented by Hofstede (1980). Thus, while the framework of Hofstede may guide the present study in the prediction of the disclosure practices by directors of different ethnicity, it is acknowledged that the effect may reduce or even reverse given other factors, such as religion and the dynamics of culture (i.","It is clear that social values are associated with transparency and disclosure in the accounting practices (Gray 1988; Hofstede 1991). Thus, while it can be implied based upon the cultural dimensions by Hofstede that ethnic Malay managers will disclose less IC compared to ethnic Chinese managers, the fi ndings of existing studies are inconclusive, for example the study by Haniffa and Cooke (2002). Based upon the analysis of the accounting sub-culture carried out by Gray (1988), accounting profession practitioners in India are categorized as less-professional; and adhere to values associated with uniformity, high-conservatism and high secrecy. Within the framework depicted by Hofstede (1980), Gray’s (1988) study fi nds that Indians demonstrate low levels of uncertainty avoidance. The fi nding has been disputed by Picard and Reis (2002) and Mir et al. (2009), who argue that Indians often avoid uncertainty due to religious factors.","It is clear that social values are associated with transparency and disclosure in the accounting practices (Gray 1988; Hofstede 1991).","Based upon the analysis of the accounting sub-culture carried out by Gray (1988), accounting profession practitioners in India are categorized as less-professional; and adhere to values associated with uniformity, high-conservatism and high secrecy.","Prior research suggests that cultural value differences may help to explain international differences in accounting practices (Gray 1988; Heidhues & Chris 2011).","It is clear that social values are associated with transparency and disclosure in the accounting practices (Gray 1988; Hofstede 1991). Thus, while it can be implied based upon the cultural dimensions by Hofstede that ethnic Malay managers will disclose less IC compared to ethnic Chinese managers, the fi ndings of existing studies are inconclusive, for example the study by Haniffa and Cooke (2002). Based upon the analysis of the accounting sub-culture carried out by Gray (1988), accounting profession practitioners in India are categorized as less-professional; and adhere to values associated with uniformity, high-conservatism and high secrecy.","It is clear that social values are associated with transparency and disclosure in the accounting practices (Gray 1988; Hofstede 1991). Thus, while it can be implied based upon the cultural dimensions by Hofstede that ethnic Malay managers will disclose less IC compared to ethnic Chinese managers, the fi ndings of existing studies are inconclusive, for example the study by Haniffa and Cooke (2002). Based upon the analysis of the accounting sub-culture carried out by Gray (1988), accounting profession practitioners in India are categorized as less-professional; and adhere to values associated with uniformity, high-conservatism and high secrecy. Within the framework depicted by Hofstede (1980), Gray’s (1988) study fi nds that Indians demonstrate low levels of uncertainty avoidance."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["result"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["result"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":2108480227,"citingcorpusid":218483702,"citedcorpusid":29327821,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["5 mindfulness meditation; MI 5 Motivational Interviewing; NA 5 not available; OTIS 5 Orzack Time Intensity Survey; PDR 5 psychological dimensions of recovery (obsessive sexual thoughts, constructive reactions to recovery, positive affect, negative affect, perceptions of agency over the addiction, tendency to deny responsibility for the addiction, meaning in life, connection to others, feelings of being forgiven, awareness of thoughts and tempting situations, healthy pleasure outlets); PLA 5 placebo; PT 5 psychotherapy; RtC 5 Readiness to Change; SA 5 sexual addiction; SA-SUD 5 comorbid sexual and substance addiction; SC 5 sexual compulsivity; SCS 5 Sexual Compulsivity Scale; SGT 5 self-guided treatment; SHWB 5 self-help workbook; SOI 5 Sexual Outlet Inventory ; STPGP 5 short-term psychodynamic group psychotherapy; TCA 5 Task Centered Approach; TSO 5 Total sexual outlet; UP5 Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders; W 5 waitlist; w 5 week; YBOCS-CSB 5 Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for compulsive sexual behavior. aNumber of subjects included in the analysis. bThe moderators “mode of therapy” and “mode of delivery” were only applied for psychological treatments. cThe duration of treatment was measured by using the number of weeks. dData from pretreatment to follow-up were available only for the outcome variable “frequency”. eThe study reported data from pretreatment to follow-up only. fThe control condition was excluded from the analyses due to the incompatibility with the selection criteria. gThe control condition was considered as a treatment arm. hOnly participants diagnosed with paraphilia-related disorders were included in the analyses.","Additionally, no comparisons have yet been made between IA, or IGD—a candidate for the section “Substance-related and Addictive Disorders” of the DSM— and other possibly addictive behaviors, such as SA and CB, based on treatment response, which is considered an important indicator for parallels between SUDs and BAs (e.g., Grant et al., 2010).","KEYWORDS\nInternet addiction, sex addiction, compulsive buying, treatment, meta-analysis\nRecent research has identified similarities between substance use disorders (SUDs) and behavioral addictions (BAs; e.g., Grant, Potenza, Weinstein, & Gorelick, 2010).","Among these, the most commonly used approaches included family therapy, which in view of a variety of dysfunctional familial conditions (e.g., Schneider, King, & Delfabbro, 2017) appear beneficial not only for adolescent problematic internet gamers (e.g., Han, Kim, Lee, & Renshaw, 2012), but also for adolescents with SUDs (for a review see Filges, Andersen, & Jørgensen, 2018).","Although the inclusion of IGD in the diagnostic manuals is discussed controversially in the scientific literature (King et al., 2019; Petry, Rehbein, Ko, & O’Brien, 2015; Rumpf et al., 2018; Saunders et al., 2017), much research has already been done on IA and IGD, particularly on neurobiological measures suggesting parallels to SUDs (for reviews see Fauth-Buhler & Mann, 2017; Kuss, Pontes, & Griffiths, 2018).","00\n– a\nFr eq ue nc y\nw it hi ngr ou\np (p os t)\nN A\nco nt ro lle d (p os t)\nN A\nw it hi ngr ou\np (F U )\nN A\nN ot e. k 5\nnu m be r of\ntr ea tm\nen t co nd\nit io ns ;g\n5 H ed ge s’ s g; C I 5\nco nfi\nde nc e in te rv al ;I\n2 5\npe rc en ta ge\nof to ta lv ar ia ti on\nac ro ss st ud\nie s; FS\nN 5\nFa ilsa fe N (n um\nbe r of\nst ud\nie s ne ed ed\nto ob\nta in a no ns ig ni fi ca nt tr ea tm en t ef fe ct ); N A 5 no t av ai la bl e. a F ai lsa fe N w as no t ca lc ul at ed be ca us e fe w er th an 3 st ud ie s w er e av ai la bl e.\n28 Journal of Behavioral Addictions 9 (2020) 1, 14-43\nJournal of Behavioral Addictions 9 (2020) 1, 14-43 29\n30 Journal of Behavioral Addictions 9 (2020) 1, 14-43\ngambling (Cowlishaw et al., 2012; Gooding & Tarrier, 2009; Goslar, Leibetseder, Muench, Hofmann, & Laireiter, 2017; Leibetseder, Laireiter, Vierhauser, & Hittenberger, 2011; Pallesen, Mitsem, Kvale, Johnsen, & Molde, 2005) and SUDs (Dutra et al., 2008; Tripodi, Bender, Litschge, & Vaughn, 2010).","…(Cowlishaw et al., 2012; Gooding & Tarrier, 2009; Goslar, Leibetseder, Muench, Hofmann, & Laireiter, 2017; Leibetseder, Laireiter, Vierhauser, & Hittenberger, 2011; Pallesen, Mitsem, Kvale, Johnsen, & Molde, 2005) and SUDs (Dutra et al., 2008; Tripodi, Bender, Litschge, & Vaughn, 2010).","Characteristics of studies for sex addiction\nStudy/Year Total Na\nTreatment group (N)/Mode of therapy/Mode of deliveryb\nControl group (N)Mode of therapy/Mode\nof deliveryb Duration t/cc/D/A (þ/ ) FU (months) Outcomes (assessment) Data analysis EPHPP\nPsychological treatments Crosby (2012) 27 ACT (14)/I/FTFT WL (13) 12/þ 5d GS (SCS)FR (pornography\nviewing hours/w; modified version of the DDQ)\nCO 2\nHallberg et al. (2017)\n10 CBT (10)/G/FTFT None 8/ 6 GS (HD:CAS; HDSI) ITT 3\nHallberg et al. (2019)\n137 CBT (70)/G/FTFT WL (67) 8/ 6 GS (HD:CAS; SCS) ITT 2\nHardy et al. (2010)\n138 CBT (Candeo online program) (138)/I/SGT\nNone 26/þ None GS (PDR)FR (pornography use/m; masturbation/m)\nCO 3\nHart et al. (2016)\n49 MI (49)/G/FTFT None 7/þ 3 GS (SCS) CO 3\nHartman et al. (2012) e\n57 IT (program for SA and SA-SUD)/ IþG/FTFT (57)\nNone 13/þ 6 GS (CSBI) CO 3\nKlontz et al. (2005)\n38 1) IT (EXPT; CBT; EDU; M-Medit.)","Because opioid antagonists and glutamatergic agents proved favorable treatment options for SUDs (Guglielmo et al., 2015; Jonas et al., 2014; Minarini et al., 2017) and disordered gambling (Bartley & Bloch, 2013; Goslar et al., 2018), these types of drugs seem promising for investigation in larger-scaled and controlled study designs, particularly in the light of high rates of comorbid SUDs observed in BAs (e.g., Grant et al., 2010).","In line with this consideration, some progress in the examination of neurobiological commonalities with SUDs has been achieved more recently within the domains of sex addiction (SA) and compulsive buying (CB) by analyzing phenomena traditionally investigated in SUDs such as conditioning processes (e.g., Hoffmann, Goodrich, Wilson, & Janssen, 2014; Snagowski, Laier, Duka, & Brand, 2016), cue reactivity, attentional bias and related neural network activation (e.g., Brand, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016; Gola et al., 2017; Jiang, Zhao, & Li, 2017; Laier, Pawlikowski, & Brand, 2014; Laier, Schulte, & Brand, 2013; Lawrence, Ciorciari, & Kyrios, 2014; Mechelmans et al., 2014; Pekal, Laier, Snagowski, Stark, & Brand, 2018; Schmidt et al., 2017; Seok & Sohn, 2015; Starcke, Schlereth, Domass, Sch€oler, & Brand, 2012; Trotzke, Starcke, Pedersen, & Brand, 2014; Trotzke, Starcke, Pedersen, M€uller, & Brand, 2015; Voon et al., 2014), or executive functioning (Derbyshire, Chamberlain, Odlaug, Schreiber, & Grant, 2014; Messina, Fuentes, Tavares, Abdo, & Scanavino, 2017; Raab, Elger, Neuner, & Weber, 2011; Trotzke et al., 2015).","Aside from similarities between SUDs and BAs in terms of phenomenological and clinical characteristics, comorbidity and family history, particularly findings from neuroscience research appear essential for identifying indicators of addictive behaviors (e.g., Grant et al., 2010; Potenza, Sofuoglu, Carroll, & Rounsaville, 2011).","Similarly, mindfulness based programs successfully applied for ameliorating symptoms of IA (Li, Garland, et al., 2017) and CB (Armstrong, 2012), and acceptance and commitment therapy implemented for the treatment of SA (e.g., Crosby,\n2012) have proven valuable to reduce symptoms of disordered gambling and SUDs (A-tjak et al., 2015; Li, Howard, Garland, McGovern, & Lazar, 2017; Maynard, Wilson, Labuzienski, & Whiting, 2018).",", 2012; Gooding & Tarrier, 2009; Goslar, Leibetseder, Muench, Hofmann, & Laireiter, 2017; Leibetseder, Laireiter, Vierhauser, & Hittenberger, 2011; Pallesen, Mitsem, Kvale, Johnsen, & Molde, 2005) and SUDs (Dutra et al., 2008; Tripodi, Bender, Litschge, & Vaughn, 2010).","Moreover, future studies are encouraged to directly compare the impact of treatments for individuals with BAs and SUDs in order to investigate similarities and differences between substance-related and non substance-related BAs in terms of treatment response.","Moreover, comparisons between the three types of BAs based on the effect sizes for psychological and pharmacological treatments have been performed for the first time, with the further aim of drawing parallels to disordered gambling and SUDs in terms of treatment response."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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Seth et al (2002) argued that relative size plays an important factor in the firms' choice of cross-border acquisitions. They found that similarities in size between the acquirer and the target can lead to value création after the acquisition. However. empirical studies on size similarity produced inconsistent results. Singh and Montgomery (1987) showed that the relation was positive in related acquisitions but negative in unrelated acquisitions. 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In addition, because organisational size is known to be an important driver of organisational structure, it could be argued that there is more structural similarity between the organisations in the case of high relative size (Homburg and Bucerius, 2005). Seth et al (2002) argued that relative size plays an important factor in the firms' choice of cross-border acquisitions. They found that similarities in size between the acquirer and the target can lead to value création after the acquisition. However. empirical studies on size similarity produced inconsistent results. Singh and Montgomery (1987) showed that the relation was positive in related acquisitions but negative in unrelated acquisitions.","There is substantial évidence that the potential to create value from M & A s dépends on relative size (Brouthers et al, 2003; Capron, 1999). In the case of high relative size, when the acquired Company is almost as big as the acquiring, there is a greater increase in scale than in the case of low relative size. Therefore, there is a greater potential for cost savings through intégration in this case. In addition, because organisational size is known to be an important driver of organisational structure, it could be argued that there is more structural similarity between the organisations in the case of high relative size (Homburg and Bucerius, 2005). Seth et al (2002) argued that relative size plays an important factor in the firms' choice of cross-border acquisitions. They found that similarities in size between the acquirer and the target can lead to value création after the acquisition. However. empirical studies on size similarity produced inconsistent results. Singh and Montgomery (1987) showed that the relation was positive in related acquisitions but negative in unrelated acquisitions. Bruton et al (1994) did not find any significant relationship between size similarity and performance after the acquisition was completed. Likewise, Lee and Caves (1998) who investigated large cross-border acquisitions found that relative size is not a predictor of post-acquisition organisational performance.","There is substantial évidence that the potential to create value from M & A s dépends on relative size (Brouthers et al, 2003; Capron, 1999). In the case of high relative size, when the acquired Company is almost as big as the acquiring, there is a greater increase in scale than in the case of low relative size. Therefore, there is a greater potential for cost savings through intégration in this case. In addition, because organisational size is known to be an important driver of organisational structure, it could be argued that there is more structural similarity between the organisations in the case of high relative size (Homburg and Bucerius, 2005). 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There are a number of recent studies which strongly emphasised coordination among monetary and fiscal policy for economic growth and price stability (see Hallett and Libich, 2007; Isaac, 2009; Zubairy, 2009). On the other hand, Giorgio and Nistico (2008) and Hanif and Arby (2008) argued that poor coordination could lead to money market volatility, high inflation and unstable growth. However, the well cited work by Dixit and Lambertini (2001, 2003) highlighted the importance of policy coordination for economic growth and inflation. They emphasised on the coordination between monetary and fiscal policy and coined the term ‘Symbiosis’ for policy coordination. It is interesting to see if the symbiosis could be relevant in the context of British labour market. With regards to the macroeconomic policy framework in Britain, Henry (2002) critically argued that the present framework of macroeconomic policies does not work well in the case of adverse shocks. The fiscal policy is loose which has caused the monetary policy to adopt a tight stance to control inflation. The framework has caused the appreciation in exchange rates which have resulted in worsening current account balance. Similarly, Lee (2009) argued that the monetary policy effectiveness was undermined by financial market volatility, inflation, and declining growth in UK economy and that the British model of competitive policy was failed. Although in the context of inflation and output, their arguments seemed lack of empirical evidence, the high level of unemployment mentioned earlier might provide a support for their assertions. Considering the fact that the macroeconomic policies interrelate and influence each other, Nordhaus (1994) urged that the monetary authority in the USA may not offset the effects of fiscal policy (deficit reduction), and the poorly timid contractionary fiscal","The impact of fiscal policy on British labour market was investigated by Arestis and Karakitsos (1984).","The impact of fiscal policy on British labour market was investigated by Arestis and Karakitsos (1984). They concluded that fiscal policy had substantial impact; however it was weakened considerably by the openness of the economy. This finding has the implication that the fiscal policy could be crowded out and employment could also be affected. In this regard, analysing the role of fiscal policy in growth and employment in Euro Zone, Ratto et al. (2009) showed that an expansionary fiscal policy increased GDP and employment temporarily but also caused crowding out effects on interest sensitive demand. Although their study indicated towards limitations of fiscal policy, concomitantly it provides grounds to build the rationale for joint efforts of monetary and fiscal authorities. There are a number of recent studies which strongly emphasised coordination among monetary and fiscal policy for economic growth and price stability (see Hallett and Libich, 2007; Isaac, 2009; Zubairy, 2009). On the other hand, Giorgio and Nistico (2008) and Hanif and Arby (2008) argued that poor coordination could lead to money market volatility, high inflation and unstable growth.","The impact of fiscal policy on British labour market was investigated by Arestis and Karakitsos (1984). They concluded that fiscal policy had substantial impact; however it was weakened considerably by the openness of the economy.","The impact of fiscal policy on British labour market was investigated by Arestis and Karakitsos (1984). They concluded that fiscal policy had substantial impact; however it was weakened considerably by the openness of the economy. This finding has the implication that the fiscal policy could be crowded out and employment could also be affected. In this regard, analysing the role of fiscal policy in growth and employment in Euro Zone, Ratto et al. (2009) showed that an expansionary fiscal policy increased GDP and employment temporarily but also caused crowding out effects on interest sensitive demand. Although their study indicated towards limitations of fiscal policy, concomitantly it provides grounds to build the rationale for joint efforts of monetary and fiscal authorities. There are a number of recent studies which strongly emphasised coordination among monetary and fiscal policy for economic growth and price stability (see Hallett and Libich, 2007; Isaac, 2009; Zubairy, 2009). On the other hand, Giorgio and Nistico (2008) and Hanif and Arby (2008) argued that poor coordination could lead to money market volatility, high inflation and unstable growth. However, the well cited work by Dixit and Lambertini (2001, 2003) highlighted the importance of policy coordination for economic growth and inflation. They emphasised on the coordination between monetary and fiscal policy and coined the term ‘Symbiosis’ for policy coordination. It is interesting to see if the symbiosis could be relevant in the context of British labour market. With regards to the macroeconomic policy framework in Britain, Henry (2002) critically argued that the present framework of macroeconomic policies does not work well in the case of adverse shocks.","The impact of fiscal policy on British labour market was investigated by Arestis and Karakitsos (1984). They concluded that fiscal policy had substantial impact; however it was weakened considerably by the openness of the economy. This finding has the implication that the fiscal policy could be crowded out and employment could also be affected. In this regard, analysing the role of fiscal policy in growth and employment in Euro Zone, Ratto et al. (2009) showed that an expansionary fiscal policy increased GDP and employment temporarily but also caused crowding out effects on interest sensitive demand. Although their study indicated towards limitations of fiscal policy, concomitantly it provides grounds to build the rationale for joint efforts of monetary and fiscal authorities. There are a number of recent studies which strongly emphasised coordination among monetary and fiscal policy for economic growth and price stability (see Hallett and Libich, 2007; Isaac, 2009; Zubairy, 2009). On the other hand, Giorgio and Nistico (2008) and Hanif and Arby (2008) argued that poor coordination could lead to money market volatility, high inflation and unstable growth. However, the well cited work by Dixit and Lambertini (2001, 2003) highlighted the importance of policy coordination for economic growth and inflation. They emphasised on the coordination between monetary and fiscal policy and coined the term ‘Symbiosis’ for policy coordination. It is interesting to see if the symbiosis could be relevant in the context of British labour market. With regards to the macroeconomic policy framework in Britain, Henry (2002) critically argued that the present framework of macroeconomic policies does not work well in the case of adverse shocks. The fiscal policy is loose which has caused the monetary policy to adopt a tight stance to control inflation. The framework has caused the appreciation in exchange rates which have resulted in worsening current account balance. Similarly, Lee (2009) argued that the monetary policy effectiveness was undermined by financial market volatility, inflation, and declining growth in UK economy and that the British model of competitive policy was failed.","The impact of fiscal policy on British labour market was investigated by Arestis and Karakitsos (1984). They concluded that fiscal policy had substantial impact; however it was weakened considerably by the openness of the economy. This finding has the implication that the fiscal policy could be crowded out and employment could also be affected. In this regard, analysing the role of fiscal policy in growth and employment in Euro Zone, Ratto et al. (2009) showed that an expansionary fiscal policy increased GDP and employment temporarily but also caused crowding out effects on interest sensitive demand."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"],null,null,["background"]]}
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The impact of interferon plus ribavirin on response to therapy in black patients with chronic hepatitis C.","Ann Intern Med, 127(10), 875-881. Martinot-Peignoux, M, Marcellin, P, Pouteau, M, Castelnau, C, Boyer, N, Poliquin, M, et al. (1995). Pretreatment serum hepatitis C virus RNA levels and hepatitis C virus genotype are the main and independent prognostic factors of sustained response to interferon alfa therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology, 22(4 Pt 1), 1050-1056. McHutchison, JG, Gordon, SC, Schiff, ER, Shiffman, ML, Lee, WM, Rustgi, VK, et al. (1998). Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C. New England Journal of Medicine, 339, 1485-1492. McHutchison, JG, & Poynard, T. (1999). Combination therapy with interferon plus ribavirin for the initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Semin Liver Dis, 19 Suppl 1, 57-65. McHutchison, JG, Poynard, T, Pianko, S, Gordon, SC, Reid, AE, Dienstag, J, et al. (2000). The impact of interferon plus ribavirin on response to therapy in black patients with chronic hepatitis C. The International Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group. Gastroenterology, 119(5), 1317-1323. Mercatante, D, & Kole, R. (2000). Modification of alternative splicing pathways as a potential approach to chemotherapy. Pharmacol Ther, 85(3), 237-243. Muir, AJ, Bornstein, JD, & Killenberg, PG. (2004). Peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in blacks and non-Hispanic whites. N Engl J Med, 350(22), 2265-2271. Neumann, AU, Lam, NP, Dahari, H, Davidian, M, Wiley, TE, Mika, BP, et al. (2000). Differences in viral dynamics between genotypes 1 and 2 of hepatitis C virus. J Infect Dis, 182(1), 28-35. Neumann, AU, Lam, NP, Dahari, H, Gretch, DR, Wiley, TE, Layden, TJ, et al. (1998). Hepatitis C viral dynamics in vivo and the antiviral efficacy of interferon-alpha therapy.","Ann Intern Med, 127(10), 875-881. Martinot-Peignoux, M, Marcellin, P, Pouteau, M, Castelnau, C, Boyer, N, Poliquin, M, et al. (1995). Pretreatment serum hepatitis C virus RNA levels and hepatitis C virus genotype are the main and independent prognostic factors of sustained response to interferon alfa therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology, 22(4 Pt 1), 1050-1056. McHutchison, JG, Gordon, SC, Schiff, ER, Shiffman, ML, Lee, WM, Rustgi, VK, et al. (1998). Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C. New England Journal of Medicine, 339, 1485-1492. McHutchison, JG, & Poynard, T. (1999). Combination therapy with interferon plus ribavirin for the initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Semin Liver Dis, 19 Suppl 1, 57-65. McHutchison, JG, Poynard, T, Pianko, S, Gordon, SC, Reid, AE, Dienstag, J, et al. (2000). The impact of interferon plus ribavirin on response to therapy in black patients with chronic hepatitis C. The International Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group. Gastroenterology, 119(5), 1317-1323. Mercatante, D, & Kole, R. (2000). Modification of alternative splicing pathways as a potential approach to chemotherapy.","Ann Intern Med, 127(10), 875-881. Martinot-Peignoux, M, Marcellin, P, Pouteau, M, Castelnau, C, Boyer, N, Poliquin, M, et al. (1995). Pretreatment serum hepatitis C virus RNA levels and hepatitis C virus genotype are the main and independent prognostic factors of sustained response to interferon alfa therapy in chronic hepatitis C.","Ann Intern Med, 127(10), 875-881. Martinot-Peignoux, M, Marcellin, P, Pouteau, M, Castelnau, C, Boyer, N, Poliquin, M, et al. (1995). Pretreatment serum hepatitis C virus RNA levels and hepatitis C virus genotype are the main and independent prognostic factors of sustained response to interferon alfa therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology, 22(4 Pt 1), 1050-1056. McHutchison, JG, Gordon, SC, Schiff, ER, Shiffman, ML, Lee, WM, Rustgi, VK, et al. (1998). Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C.","Ann Intern Med, 127(10), 875-881. Martinot-Peignoux, M, Marcellin, P, Pouteau, M, Castelnau, C, Boyer, N, Poliquin, M, et al. (1995). Pretreatment serum hepatitis C virus RNA levels and hepatitis C virus genotype are the main and independent prognostic factors of sustained response to interferon alfa therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology, 22(4 Pt 1), 1050-1056. McHutchison, JG, Gordon, SC, Schiff, ER, Shiffman, ML, Lee, WM, Rustgi, VK, et al. (1998). Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C. New England Journal of Medicine, 339, 1485-1492. McHutchison, JG, & Poynard, T. (1999). Combination therapy with interferon plus ribavirin for the initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Semin Liver Dis, 19 Suppl 1, 57-65. McHutchison, JG, Poynard, T, Pianko, S, Gordon, SC, Reid, AE, Dienstag, J, et al. (2000). The impact of interferon plus ribavirin on response to therapy in black patients with chronic hepatitis C. The International Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group. Gastroenterology, 119(5), 1317-1323. Mercatante, D, & Kole, R. (2000). Modification of alternative splicing pathways as a potential approach to chemotherapy. Pharmacol Ther, 85(3), 237-243. Muir, AJ, Bornstein, JD, & Killenberg, PG. (2004). Peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in blacks and non-Hispanic whites. N Engl J Med, 350(22), 2265-2271. Neumann, AU, Lam, NP, Dahari, H, Davidian, M, Wiley, TE, Mika, BP, et al. (2000). Differences in viral dynamics between genotypes 1 and 2 of hepatitis C virus. J Infect Dis, 182(1), 28-35. Neumann, AU, Lam, NP, Dahari, H, Gretch, DR, Wiley, TE, Layden, TJ, et al. (1998). Hepatitis C viral dynamics in vivo and the antiviral efficacy of interferon-alpha therapy. Science, 282(5386), 103-107. Poynard, T, Leroy, V, Cohard, M, Thevenot, T, Mathurin, P, Opolon, P, et al. (1996). MetaAnalysis of Interferon Randomized Trials in the Treatment of viral Hepatitis C: Effects of Dose and Duration. Hepatology, 24, 778-789. Poynard, T, Marcellin, P, Lee, SS, Niederau, C, Minuk, GS, Ideo, G, et al. (1998). Randomised Trial of Interferon Alfa-2b plus Ribavirin for 48 weeks or for 24 weeks versus interferon","Ann Intern Med, 127(10), 875-881. Martinot-Peignoux, M, Marcellin, P, Pouteau, M, Castelnau, C, Boyer, N, Poliquin, M, et al. (1995). Pretreatment serum hepatitis C virus RNA levels and hepatitis C virus genotype are the main and independent prognostic factors of sustained response to interferon alfa therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology, 22(4 Pt 1), 1050-1056. McHutchison, JG, Gordon, SC, Schiff, ER, Shiffman, ML, Lee, WM, Rustgi, VK, et al. (1998). Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C. New England Journal of Medicine, 339, 1485-1492. McHutchison, JG, & Poynard, T. (1999). Combination therapy with interferon plus ribavirin for the initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Semin Liver Dis, 19 Suppl 1, 57-65. McHutchison, JG, Poynard, T, Pianko, S, Gordon, SC, Reid, AE, Dienstag, J, et al. (2000). The impact of interferon plus ribavirin on response to therapy in black patients with chronic hepatitis C. The International Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group. Gastroenterology, 119(5), 1317-1323. Mercatante, D, & Kole, R. (2000). Modification of alternative splicing pathways as a potential approach to chemotherapy. Pharmacol Ther, 85(3), 237-243. Muir, AJ, Bornstein, JD, & Killenberg, PG. (2004). Peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in blacks and non-Hispanic whites. N Engl J Med, 350(22), 2265-2271. Neumann, AU, Lam, NP, Dahari, H, Davidian, M, Wiley, TE, Mika, BP, et al. (2000). Differences in viral dynamics between genotypes 1 and 2 of hepatitis C virus. J Infect Dis, 182(1), 28-35. Neumann, AU, Lam, NP, Dahari, H, Gretch, DR, Wiley, TE, Layden, TJ, et al. (1998). Hepatitis C viral dynamics in vivo and the antiviral efficacy of interferon-alpha therapy. Science, 282(5386), 103-107. Poynard, T, Leroy, V, Cohard, M, Thevenot, T, Mathurin, P, Opolon, P, et al. (1996). MetaAnalysis of Interferon Randomized Trials in the Treatment of viral Hepatitis C: Effects of Dose and Duration.","Ann Intern Med, 127(10), 875-881. Martinot-Peignoux, M, Marcellin, P, Pouteau, M, Castelnau, C, Boyer, N, Poliquin, M, et al. (1995). Pretreatment serum hepatitis C virus RNA levels and hepatitis C virus genotype are the main and independent prognostic factors of sustained response to interferon alfa therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology, 22(4 Pt 1), 1050-1056. McHutchison, JG, Gordon, SC, Schiff, ER, Shiffman, ML, Lee, WM, Rustgi, VK, et al. (1998). Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C. New England Journal of Medicine, 339, 1485-1492. McHutchison, JG, & Poynard, T. (1999). Combination therapy with interferon plus ribavirin for the initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C.","Ann Intern Med, 127(10), 875-881. Martinot-Peignoux, M, Marcellin, P, Pouteau, M, Castelnau, C, Boyer, N, Poliquin, M, et al. (1995). Pretreatment serum hepatitis C virus RNA levels and hepatitis C virus genotype are the main and independent prognostic factors of sustained response to interferon alfa therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology, 22(4 Pt 1), 1050-1056. McHutchison, JG, Gordon, SC, Schiff, ER, Shiffman, ML, Lee, WM, Rustgi, VK, et al. (1998). Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C. New England Journal of Medicine, 339, 1485-1492. 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{"citationid":481476899,"citingcorpusid":24218280,"citedcorpusid":42917254,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In this study, along with our previous studies [16, 21], we have further studied the anti-apoptotic, anti-remodelling, and anti-hypertrophic effects of apelin-13 in improving myocardial function and preserving its structural integrity."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":307571056,"citingcorpusid":4507011,"citedcorpusid":25150339,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We genotyped CASP12 in patients and controls from\nthe Consortium for Longitudinal Evaluation of African-Americans with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (CLEAR) and the Veterans Administration Rheumatoid Arthritis (VARA) Registry of AfricanAmericans with RA [11,12].","The intact allele of CASP12 is still found in approximately 20% of African-Americans, with higher allele frequencies in some populations in sub-Saharan Africans, and in some populations of Central and South Asians [2,3,9].","To determine and if CASP12 could protect against inflammatory disease, we investigated the distribution of CASP12 alleles in African-Americans (AA) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).","When we examined another inflammatory autoimmune disease in African-Americans, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we found that CASP12 genotype was neither a risk factor nor protective.","CASP12 genotype does not influence susceptibility or adverse events in African-Americans or black South Africans with communityacquired pneumonia [15].","CASP12’s effects upon TNF production, which is elevated in all lupus patients, especially African-Americans [27], is also contradictory [5,25,28]."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3124532001,"citingcorpusid":221788647,"citedcorpusid":205050635,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Time to Caecum: Mean ±SD Or Median (Range in Min)\nDY Of BAC (n) InterventionsPerformed (n) Adverse Events, (n)\nYamada et al., 2013 [28] Japan\nProspective, Single Centre 21 (n/s) 71.5 ± 7.8\nSingle Balloon& Double Balloon\n20/21 (95) 12.8 (9.5–42) Polyps (8)\nDiverticulosis (7) Cancer (1)\nPolypectomy (8) Biopsy (1) None\nBecx & Al-Toma, 2014 [29] Netherlands\nRetrospective, Single Centre 114 (45/69) 64.8(31–91)\nDouble Balloon\n101/114 (88.6) n/s New Diagnoses (55)\nPolypectomy (51) Further Surgery (7)\nBleeding with\nSpontaneous Resolution\n(2) Nemoto et al., 2014\n[30] Japan Prospective, Single Centre 28 (14/14) 74(35–88) Double Balloon 28/28 (100) 16 (6–66) n/S n/s None\nYung et al., 2016 [11] UK Retrospective,Single Centre 57 (26/31) 62.9(20–89) Double Balloon 55/57 (96.5) n/s 29 Polypectomy/APC (22) None\nSulz et al., 2016 [31] Switzerland Retrospective,Single Centre 100 (46/54) 70(38–87) Single Balloon 98/100 (98) 27.5 (4–92)\nDiverticulosis (54) Polyps (47), Colitis (4) Cancer (1)\nPolypectomy (45) APC (1)\nMucosal Defect After Polypectomy\n(1) Haematochezia\n(1) Despott et al., 2017\n[32] UK Prospective, Single Centre 22 (7/15) 68 ± 10 Double Balloon 22/22 (100) 17.5 (16.0–23.7) n/S n/s n/s\nHermans et al., 2018 [33] Netherlands\nRetrospective, Single Centre 61 (34/27) 65(29–82)\nDouble Balloon 60/63 (95) n/s\nPolyps (34) Cancer (3)\nPolypectomy (34) Biopsy (3)\nBleeding at Polypectomy\n(1)\nRobertson et al., 2020 UK/Sweden Retrospective,Multicentre 122 (56/66) 64.4 ± 12.3 Single\nBalloon& Double Balloon\n113/122 (92.6) 20.9 ± 13.5\nPolyps (67) , Cancer (4) Colitis (13),\nDiverticulosis (11) Angiectasia (5)\nPolypectomy (60) APC (4) Biopsy\nVasovagal Reaction During\nPolypectomy (1)\nThere are several limitations of this study.","Time to Caecum: Mean ±SD Or Median (Range in Min)\nDY Of BAC (n) InterventionsPerformed (n) Adverse Events, (n)\nMay et al., 2006 [13] Germany Prospective,Single Centre 14 (6/8) 62 ± 15 Single Balloon 14/14 (100) n/s Polyps (6)\nIBD (3) Cancer (2)\nPolypectomy (6) Biopsy (5)\nPolypectomy Bleeding (1)\nKaltenbach et al., 2006 [14] USA\nProspective, Single Centre\n20 (16/4) 66 ± 12 SingleBalloon 19/20 (95) 28 ± 20 Significant (7)\n(Polyps (5) Ibd (2))\nPolypectomy (5) Biopsy (1) None\nDas 2007 [15] USA n/s,Single Centre 16 (n/s) n/s Double Balloon 14/16 (87.5) 27 ± 9.5 n/s\nPolypectomy (6) Haemostasis (1) None\nGay & Delvaux, 2007 [16] France\nRetrospective, Single Centre 29 (5/24) 54±17\nDouble Balloon 28/29 (96.6) 18 ± 14\nDiverticulosis (7) Polyps (4)\nIBD (2)\nBiopsy (8) APC (2)\nPolypectomy (2) None\nMoönkemuüller et al., 2007 [17] Germany\nn/s, Single Centre 7 (3/4) 64(50–75)\nDouble Balloon\n7/7 (100) 15 (9–25) Diverticulosis (2)\nPolyps (2) Stenosis (2)\nn/s n/s\nPasha et al., 2007 [18] USA Retrospective,Single Centre 16 (5/11) 69 ± 12 Double Balloon 14/16 (87.5) 27 ± 9.5 n/S\nPolypectomy (6) APC (1) n/s\nMoreels & Pelckmans, 2008 [19] Belgium\nRetrospective, Single Centre 26 (n/s) n/s\nDouble Balloon 23/26 (89) n/s n/S n/s n/s\nMoreels et al. 2010 [20] Belgium\nProspective, Single Centre 45 (28/17) 63 ± 2\nDouble Balloon 42/45 (93.3) n/s Polyps (18)\nPolypectomy (18) APC (3),\nBiopsy (2) None\nTeshima et al., 2010 [10] Netherlands\nProspective, Single Centre 23 (14/8) 53(19–75)\nSingle Balloon 22/23 (96) 30 (20–60)\nPolyps (6) IBD (5)\nDiverticulosis (2)\nPolypectomy (6) Dilation (1) None\nMatsushita et al., 2011 [21] Japan\nRetrospective, Single Centre 24 (n/s) n/s\nDouble Balloon 24/24 (100) 17 n/S 17 Interventions (n/s) n/s\nKeswani et al., 2011 [22] USA\nProspective, Single Centre 14 (4/10) 58.5 ± 12.5 (35–74)\nSingle Balloon 13/14 (92.9) 22 ± 18 (10–81) Polyps (7) n/s None\nDzeletovic et al., 2012 [23] USA\nRetrospective, Single Centre 53 (12/41) 71(43–83)\nSingle Balloon& Double Balloon\n51/53 (96) (26/26 SBC, 25/27 DBC)\n19 (7–58) Polyps (32)Diverticulosis (21) Polypectomy (37) None\nGoómez et al., 2012 [24] USA\nRetrospective, Single Centre 45 (21/24) 67(21–84)\nDouble Balloon 46/51 (90) n/s\nPolyps (28) Angiectasia (5) Polypectomy (28) None\nHotta et al., 2012 [25] Japan Prospective,Multicentre 110 (62/48) 66.5(27–79) Double Balloon 110/110 (100) 12 (4–47)\nPolyps (55) Cancer (5)\nPolypectomy (45) Biopsy (8)\nMild Mucosal Injury (1)\nSuzuki et al., 2012 [26] Japan Prospective,Single Centre 47 (22/25) 63.4 ± 10.9 Double Balloon 47/47 (100) 13.0 ± 5.3\nPolyps (21) C\nancer (1)\nPolypectomy/Resection (6)\nFurther Surgery (1) None\nKobayashi et al., 2013 [27] Japan n/sSingle Centre 15 (8/7) 65.7 ± 8.7 (38–81)\nSingle Balloon 15/15 (100) 22.9 ± 8.9 (9–40)\nPolyps Radiation Colitis (3) Diverticulosis (3)\nPolypectomy (N/S) Biopsy (N/S) None\nTable 5.","…Netherlands\nProspective, Single Centre 23 (14/8) 53(19–75)\nSingle Balloon 22/23 (96) 30 (20–60)\nPolyps (6) IBD (5)\nDiverticulosis (2)\nPolypectomy (6) Dilation (1) None\nMatsushita et al., 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{"citationid":318947705,"citingcorpusid":37903602,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…vein, the cold could induce a release of norepinephrine from the sympathetic nerve endings that is considered necessary for the stimulation of non-shivering thermogenesis (Jansky, 1973; Nedergaard et al., 1986; Morrison et al, 2000) and for the differentiation of fetal BAT (Casteilla et al., 1994).","In this vein, the cold could induce a release of norepinephrine from the sympathetic nerve endings that is considered necessary for the stimulation of non-shivering thermogenesis (Jansky, 1973; Nedergaard et al., 1986; Morrison et al, 2000) and for the differentiation of fetal BAT (Casteilla et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2501132426,"citingcorpusid":26371148,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Regarding other imperative languages, Statecharts [134] has a graphical formalism and is not fully synchronous.","Statecharts [134], Argos [135], and SyncCharts [136] have explicit control flows and are appropriate for control-intensive applications such as bus inter-faces, controllers, supervision of complex systems, and real-time process control."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2868393371,"citingcorpusid":1155385,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The graphical language of statecharts as proposed by David Harel [8, 9] serves in Statemate for the description of control, data transformation, and timing aspects of the system under development.","The graphical language of statecharts as proposed by David Harel [8, 9] serves in STATEMATE for the description of control, data transformation, and timing aspects of the system under development."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
{"citationid":4018380589,"citingcorpusid":250566209,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["They propose to use Harel’s state-charts (Harel, 1987) which offer concepts missing in FSMs such as hierarchy or parallelization which allow to significantly improve the readability of an automaton."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2952242837,"citingcorpusid":44959478,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These methodologies typically incorporate three separate modeling techniques: entity-relationship diagrams, state machines or Statecharts [11, 12], and data flow diagrams.","It adopts the Statechart [11, 12] representation of state machines."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3174828014,"citingcorpusid":20156135,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In the last thirty years, a variety of different formalisms for\n1-4244-0346-4/07/$20.00 © 2007 IEEE\nspecifying control and reactive systems were introduced, like Hoare's model of Communicating Sequential Processes [1], Harel's Statecharts [2], Input / Output Automata [3], Esterel [4], Calculus of Communicating Systems [5], and their timed extensions [6, 7], to name a few.","specifying control and reactive systems were introduced, like Hoare's model of Communicating Sequential Processes [1], Harel's Statecharts [2], Input / Output Automata [3], Esterel [4], Calculus of Communicating Systems [5], and their timed extensions [6, 7], to name a few."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3174823297,"citingcorpusid":2227790,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Statecharts [10]), we chose not to use any generic notation because expressing the particularities of web-based dialog flows (e.","To counter the combinatory explosion of transitions that often plagues state machines, Harel’s Statecharts [10] provide the construct of a transition leading from a contour to a state."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2938621053,"citingcorpusid":28317583,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is extended from Statechart [ H86 ] with constructs for specifying timing conditions whose semantics is given axiomatically in RTL."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3174827237,"citingcorpusid":67380319,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["An Algebraic State-Transition Diagram (ASTD) [42] is a graphical notation combining automata, statecharts [49] and process algebras to describe complex dynamic systems like information systems.","Cette méthode s’inspire des automates, des statecharts [49] et de l’algèbre de processus EB3.","Les ASTD sont une méthode de spécification formelle qui s’inspire des statecharts de Harel [49] et de l’algèbre de processus Entity-based blackbox specification (EB3) de Frappier et St-Denis [43]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3174815253,"citingcorpusid":209422711,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As defined in [1], a statechart model is defined by SC = 〈S, T,E, V, P, g, en, ex, in〉.","The Statecharts formalism is considered a defacto standard for modeling reactive systems [1]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3704292577,"citingcorpusid":245023520,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Therefore, computer game programmers started putting together larger sets of low level capabilities earlier than roboticists, and hence experienced the drawback of finite state machines (FSMs) described below earlier as well.","Regarding expressivity, it was shown in (10) that BTs with internal variables are equally expressive as FSMs.","FSMs, and in particular hierarchical FSMs (9), do have mechanisms for hierarchical modularity."],"intents":[null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2583403303,"citingcorpusid":1702420,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This section provides a brief introduction to Statecharts, and recalls the step semantics presented by Pnueli and Shalev in [51]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2864649945,"citingcorpusid":16370930,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 1999) of the Statechart formalism (Harel, 1987) to model them.","Since action sequence restrictions constitute the state of the document, and thereby restrict action potential, we use the UML version (Booch et al., 1999) of the Statechart formalism (Harel, 1987) to model them."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3174826195,"citingcorpusid":18117162,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, these approaches concentrate on functional abstraction, and have produced incomplete specifications and designs (Firesmith, 1993)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3173654778,"citingcorpusid":5244421,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Finally formal scenarios are expressed in modelli ng languages based on regular grammars [Glinz 95]or state-charts [Harel 87].","Finally formal scenarios are expressed in modelling languages based on regular grammars [Glinz 95]or state-charts [Harel 87]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3174830023,"citingcorpusid":6654098,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Structuring the state in terms of hierarchical statecharts [40], for instance, became useful for anticipating control threads of implementations without committing to such threads, and without breaking the action-oriented execution model.","It is also useful to allow nested and parallel state structures in a statechart-like fashion [40]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3174810515,"citingcorpusid":34838501,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["La représentation de la navigation dans SWC est réalisée à travers des graphes hiérarchiques (basés sur StateCharts [2]) sur lesquels les nœuds et les transitions ont été typés pour représenter une sémantique particulière aux applications web.","La représentation de \nla navigation dans SWC est réalisée à travers des graphes hiérarchiques (basés sur StateCharts [2]) sur \nlesquels les n uds et les transitions ont été typés pour représenter une sémantique particulière aux \napplications web."],"intents":[null,null]}
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{"citationid":2950617655,"citingcorpusid":41241355,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["VHDL/S integrates four different and self-contained linguistic paradigms: VHDL, state based specifications [ Har87 ], symbolic timing diagrams [SD93], and temporal logic."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":2945953737,"citingcorpusid":14291767,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This coupling of two states can be visualized with the state chart formalism introduced by D. Harel [Harel87,Harel88], which is an extension of simple state transition diagrams.","[Harel87]\nD. Harel.","In general, flat state transition diagramms are considered being not an adequate solution when aspects of independant behaviour have to be integrated [Harel87,Teege94]."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1560593318,"citingcorpusid":35305323,"citedcorpusid":31232956,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although it is not clear how the clinician is supposed to reliably judge the sources of requests, physicians in the Netherlands study reported having a high degree of certainty that patients were acting autonomously when requesting physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia (13, 14).","According to these physicians, the most common reasons for these requests were wanting to die in a dignified way, being in pain, being dependent on others, and being tired of life (13, 14)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2438905555,"citingcorpusid":37281237,"citedcorpusid":21319101,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In a similar analysis, Brooks (2006) studied coincidences between properties of a salamander population network and spatial autocorrelation of genetic patterns.","In such networks, habitats (e.g. Galpern et al. 2012) or populations (e.g. Brooks 2006) can be represented as nodes, which are connected by dispersal routes represented as edges (Galpern et al. 2011).","However, as discussed in Brooks (2006), the population network could well consist of less components at a scale of 27.5 km, if all existing populations in the study area had been sampled."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1983971494,"citingcorpusid":218694755,"citedcorpusid":6049053,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…5 percent\nThis result is contradicts some studies (Adegbaju & Olokoyo, 2008; Hoffmann, 2011; Ibrahim et al., 2012; Okpara, 2011) but confirms with other empirical evidences (Al-Kayed et al., 2014; Berger & Bouwman, 2013; Berger & Di Patti, 2006; Dietrich & Wanzenried, 2011; Trujillo‐Ponce, 2013).","Berger and Bouwman (2013) tested the hypotheses on the impact of capital on bank survival, profitability and market share in the USA."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3793809080,"citingcorpusid":218694755,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["According to the authors, this is particularly true for banks in developing countries because a strong capital structure enables them to be able to withstand financial crises and also provide better\n© 2018 Global Journals\n2\nYe ar\n20 18\nG lo ba\nl Jo\nur na\nl of M\nan ag\nem en\nt an\nd Bu\nsin es s R es ea\nrc h\nV ol um\ne X V III\nI ss ue\nV I V er\nsio n I ( ) C\nb) Empirical Review\nBerger (1995) studied the impact of capital on bank profitability in the United States from 1983 to 1989 and found a favorable effect of bank capital on profitability.","The Review of Finance and Banking, 2(1), 17-28.","Literature Review\n(Ablordeppey, 2015; Barnor & Adu-Twumwaah, 2015) and the take-over of two previously vibrant domestic banks, UT Bank and Capital Bank, by the GCB Bank (Bank of Ghana, 2017b) are vivid reminders of how under-capitalization could undermine the stability of the financial sector and the economy.","African Economic and Business Review, 6(1), 1-17.","Section 5 presents conclusions and recommendations.\na) Theoretical Review Expected Bankruptcy Cost Hypothesis: This hypothesis derives from the Modigliani and Miller\n2 Between TTB Bank and Eco-bank Ghana Limited; Intercontinental Bank and Access Bank Ghana Limited; International Commercial Bank and FBN Bank; HFC Bank and Republic Bank of Trinidad and Tobago.","Literature Review\n(Ablordeppey, 2015; Barnor & Adu-Twumwaah, 2015) and the take-over of two previously vibrant domestic banks, UT Bank and Capital Bank, by the GCB Bank (Bank of Ghana, 2017b) are vivid reminders of how under-capitalization could undermine the stability of the financial sector and…"],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3793809066,"citingcorpusid":218694755,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This assertion was later confirmed by other researchers (Ibrahim et al., 2012; Okpara, 2011).","This stems from the fact that high funding cost exposes banks to liquidity challenges (Okpara, 2011).","Furthermore, none of these studies has investigated the impact of recapitalization on bank performance as in the fashion of Adegbaju and Olokoyo (2008), Ibrahim et al. (2012), Dauda et al. (2016), and Okpara (2011).","Raising additional capital through equity, therefore, does not unduly exacerbate total funding costs to the point of causing liquidity crises for the banks (Ibrahim et al., 2012; Okpara, 2011).","Due to the revocation of the licenses of UT and Capital Bank Ltd in August 2017, the total number of banks reduced to thirty-four (34); this was made up of seventeen (17) foreign and domestic banks apiece.","Likewise, Okpara (2011) determined the impact of bank reforms in Nigeria from 1970 to 2008 on bank performance using the one sample t-test and showed that banks were negatively affected by recapitalization policies-decline in bank liquidity, cash reserve ratio, and ROA.","However, some scholars have criticized the practice of setting a minimum capital requirement for banks for exposing banks to undue liquidity crisis through increased funding costs and low profits (Ibrahim, Mohammed, & Gani, 2012; Okpara, 2011).","…statistical significance at 5 percent\nThis result is contradicts some studies (Adegbaju & Olokoyo, 2008; Hoffmann, 2011; Ibrahim et al., 2012; Okpara, 2011) but confirms with other empirical evidences (Al-Kayed et al., 2014; Berger & Bouwman, 2013; Berger & Di Patti, 2006; Dietrich &…"],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":1833913251,"citingcorpusid":2366361,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Eine DSL für Harel-Statecharts mit PetitParser.","UML-Statecharts sind Harel-Statecharts [3] in einem objektorientierten Kontext.","Der Algorithmus dafür wird in [3] beschrieben."],"intents":[null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":3174809643,"citingcorpusid":57873946,"citedcorpusid":13380874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[") notamment les statecharts (Harel [9] et UML 2."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":875804608,"citingcorpusid":15253902,"citedcorpusid":11183266,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["We have presented the systematics of constant dilaton vacua and the associated kink solutions, originally motivated from the KK reduced gravitational Chern-Simons term [11, 13], in 2D generalized dilaton gravity and supergravity.","[13] exist in many other models of generalized 2D dilaton gravity as well.","[11, 13], to this order the kink is unique.","[13] exactly correspond to the three CDVs of the potential [11] V ∝ φ(3) − cφ (c > 0) , φ1 = − √ c , φ2 = 0 , φ3 = √ c .","[13] that within a certain conformal frame the KK reduced Chern-Simons term leads to the action S = − 1 8π(2) ∫ d(2)x √−g(FR + F (3)) , (1)"],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1125191106,"citingcorpusid":146619753,"citedcorpusid":141155216,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["As Pautz (2013) points out, the externalist representationalist can avoid the problem of metamerism by simply claiming that the experience represents a disjunction of different surface reflectance types (e.g., Byrne & Hilbert, 2003).","Pautz (2006a, 2006b, 2013) has convincingly argued that externalist representationalism delivers the wrong verdict about phenomenal content in certain cases.","Happily, such a counterexample is available, thanks to an argument from Adam Pautz (2006a, 2006b, 2013).","Furthermore, Pautz (2013) presents two additional arguments against this view (which he calls the “unnatural relation account”): the ‘Metasemantic’ argument, and the ‘Radical Indeterminacy of Judgements’ argument.","Moreover, the same basic problem occurs in nearly every sensory modality: for example, Pautz (2013) shows how “a variety of different combinations of molecularly different odorants, and different levels of concentration, can produce the very same smell experience.”"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1125191122,"citingcorpusid":146619753,"citedcorpusid":170714673,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…(1995), Hilbert (2003), Harman (1990), Jackson (2007), Lycan (1996), Tye (1995, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2009), etc. 7 Examples of internalist representationalist views based on Tracking and Russellianism include Shoemaker (1994, 2000, 2001, 2003), Levine (2003), and Boghossian and Velleman (1989).","17 As noted above, although Shoemaker claims that his version of dispositionalist representationalism is reductive, Levine (2003) argues—correctly, in my opinion—that Shoemaker’s version of representationalism fails to be reductive on the grounds that the phenomenal quality of an experience is explained in terms of the representation of a particular property, which in turn is individuated by the disposition to cause an experience with a particular phenomenal quality."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":501762754,"citingcorpusid":53158396,"citedcorpusid":7456225,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["master molds entirely such as vinyl cutters (xurography) [3,4], laser cutting [5], shrinking polymer [6,7], polyester-toner [8], paper-wax [9], and NOA adhesive [10,11], which have been explored to create master molds and microfluidic chips but lack the superior resolution of the photolithography [1]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1035115610,"citingcorpusid":93535535,"citedcorpusid":21612054,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In nature most isolates of A. nidulans are haploid, with 0.01 - 0.1 % diploids (Caten 1981; Pontecorvo 1958; Upshall 1981).","In nature, most isolates of A. nidulans are haploid, with 0.01 - 0.1 % diploids (Caten 1981; Pontecorvo 1958; Upshall 1981)."],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":3155316447,"citingcorpusid":226524854,"citedcorpusid":162498088,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…are pairs of orthogonal curves and are traced in the design domain along the direction of principle stresses, therefore PSLs provide a visualization of the natural force flow in a structure, which shows the lines of desirable material continuity for a given design domain (Adriaenssens et al. 2014).","Principal stress directions are useful as they indicate the trajectories of internal forces and, therefore naturally encode the optimal topology for any structure for a given set of boundary conditions (Adriaenssens et al. 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2288512318,"citingcorpusid":4871580,"citedcorpusid":25179140,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Over the last 30 years it has been repeatedly demonstrated that 25–30% of cancer patients present symptoms of emotional distress and maladaptive coping, secondary to the disease and treatment, irrespective of the stage of disease (Mitchell et al., 2011).","The DT has been used in a number of international studies, with a cut-off 4 accepted as the optimal score to identify “cases” with clinically significant levels of distress and caseness rated as mild (score of 4/5), moderate (score of 6/7), and severe (score 8) (Mitchell et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2288511594,"citingcorpusid":4871580,"citedcorpusid":12020024,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Since distress and psychosocial disorders have been reported to negatively influence cancer patients’ quality of life, screening and assessment result to be mandatory in clinical settings (Donovan et al., 2014; Grassi et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1639317137,"citingcorpusid":8036685,"citedcorpusid":205391443,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The use of Kramer’s chart (see Additional file 3: Figure S1) especially in primary care settings remains valuable despite its limitation in correlating with the severity of jaundice [37,38]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1550354182,"citingcorpusid":137490532,"citedcorpusid":120008225,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The present analysis adopted a yield strength for the tile corresponding to the lowest experimental measurements of Lu et al.(12) In the case of the RCC, the present analysis assumed a yield strength equal to the bending strength measured by Lu et al."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":813948507,"citingcorpusid":843539,"citedcorpusid":22508923,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Another study [11] found no relevant differences between inflamed and healthy ears with regard to the gland distribution and hair follicle density despite the fact that the glands and hair follicles became hyperplastic in affected ears.","to the distal parts of the canine ear canal, whilst the number of ceruminous glands decrease [11]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":893556238,"citingcorpusid":16367238,"citedcorpusid":15613464,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Building on this outcome, we successfully modelled and calculated the amount of electricity that could be potentially produced through the proposed PV-microalgae system according to the blackbox filter model as proposed by Parlevliet and Moheimani (2014).","On average, a total of 431 W m−2 of solar energy in the PAR region is directly available to microalgae cultures in the locality of Western Australia if no PV/filter is placed above the algae pond (Parlevliet and Moheimani 2014)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":796937857,"citingcorpusid":17317836,"citedcorpusid":40797652,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Because these cytokines can influence CL functions [2, 19, 20], we wished to determine their role in granzyme release during whole blood stimulation with heatkilled B.","This is in line with previous studies that have reported that IL-12 and IL-18 can have antitumor effects independent of IFN-g [22, 23].","To obtain insight into the role of endogenous cytokines in the release of soluble granzymes during melioidosis, we incubated whole blood with heat-killed B. pseudomallei (amount equivalent to 107 cfu/mL) in the presence or absence of neutralizing MAbs against a number of cytokines that have been demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis of melioidosis and/or in the activation of CTL and NK cells: TNF, IFN-g, IL-12, IL-18, and IL-15 [17–20].","In contrast, addition of anti–IFN-g or anti–IL-15 did not significantly inhibit granzyme release.","Since IL-12 and IL-18 have synergistic effects on IFN-g production [25], we studied whether they may have synergistic effects on granzyme release.","Combination of anti–IL-12 and/or anti–IL-18 with anti–IFN-g or anti–IL-15 had no additional inhibitory effect on granzyme release (data not shown).","During in vitro cell stimulation, these concentrations of the anti-cytokine MAbs used completely neutralize the activity of recombinant human TNF, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-g, and IL15 when added at levels 1–2 log higher than are detected after whole blood stimulation with heat-killed B. pseudomallei [17] (information on the neutralizing capacities of the MAbs used was provided by the manufacturer).","P reflects differences between groups by Mann-Whitney U test.\ng MAb completely neutralized IFN-g activity, because the production of IP-10 and Mig induced by IFN-g at concentrations comparable to those found after whole blood stimulation with heat-killed B. pseudomallei [17] was totally blocked when anti–IFN-g was added (data not shown).","Detection limits of the assays were 3.2 pg/mL for GrA and 5 pg/mL for GrB. IFN-g–inducible protein-10 (IP-10) (R&D Systems; detection limit, 20 pg/mL) and monokine induced by IFN-g (Mig; PharMingen, San Diego; 8 pg/mL) were measured according to the instructions of the manufacturer.","Similar to results obtained with heat-killed B. pseudomallei, addition of anti-TNF or anti–IL-12 strongly attenuated the LPS-induced release of granzymes (for GrA: anti-TNF, ; anti–IL-12,45.1% 5 2.3% ; for GrB: anti-TNF, ; anti–IL-12,73.3% 5 8.2% 65.6% 5 2.4% ; all ), whereas anti–IFN-g had no effect.72.1% 5 6.6% P !","Osaki T, Peron JM, Cai Q, et al. IFN-gamma–inducing factor/IL-18 admin-\nD ow nloaded from https://academ ic.oup.com /jid/article-abstract/182/1/206/877919 by guest on 02 February 2020\nistration mediates IFN-gamma– and IL-12–independent antitumor effects.","IL-12 and IL-18 are both potent inducers of IFN-g production, and many biologic effects of IL-12 and IL-18 are considered to be mediated by IFN-g [19, 20].","To confirm the neutralizing capacity of anti–IFN-g in our experiments, we incubated whole blood with recombinant human IFN-g (10 ng/mL) with or without anti–IFN-g (10 mg/mL) and measured the production of IP-10 and Mig, two CXC chemokines whose production is strongly IFN-g dependent.","Incubations with heat-killed B. pseudomallei or LPS were also done in the presence or absence of mouse anti-human tumor necrosis factor (TNF; MAK 195; final concentration, 10 mg/mL), anti–interleukin-12 (IL12), anti–IL-18, anti–interferon-g (IFN-g), or anti–IL-15 (all mouse IgG MAbs; R&D Systems, Abingdon, UK; final concentration for each, 10 mg/mL).","Anti–IFN-g did not influence granzyme release induced by either heat-killed B. pseudomallei or LPS, which indicates that the effect of IL-12 and IL-18 on granzyme release is mediated through an IFN-g–independent pathway.","Lauw FN, Simpson AJH, Prins JM, et al. Elevated plasma concentrations\nof interferon-g (IFN-g) and the IFN-g–inducing cytokines interleukin-18 (IL-18), IL-12, and IL-15 in severe melioidosis."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":815945474,"citingcorpusid":40644846,"citedcorpusid":25411576,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Evaluation and differential diagnosis are guided in large part by history, but imaging should be performed in all cases.(2) In cases where routine monitoring of hearing thresholds has not been performed, such as the case presented here, it is difficult to determine if the acute emergency presentation represents bilateral sudden SNHL or sequential hearing loss, which becomes clinically apparent upon hearing loss in an only hearing ear.","Given this challenge, the true incidence of sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss in children is not clearly defined.(2) The incidence of enlarged vestibular aqueducts among patients with sensorineural hearing loss has been reported at 14%.","Adult studies show that systemic and intratympanic steroids are the only treatment options that has reproducible efficacy.(2) There are varying degrees of success with these treatments, and a recent study in adults showed that there was no statistical difference between steroids and placebo on hearing loss."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2667514189,"citingcorpusid":221139215,"citedcorpusid":41062480,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of involving users as service providers, mainly as case managers (engaging the patients and coordinate and maintain effective services) (Chinman et al. 2000;Chinman et al. 2001;Felton et al. 1995;Klein et al. 1998;Lyons et al. 1996;O'Donnell et al. 1999;Paulson et al. 1999;Solomon et al. 1995).","Eight of the studies investigated the effect of involving users as service providers, mainly as case managers (engaging the patients and coordinate and maintain effective services) (Chinman et al. 2000;Chinman et al. 2001;Felton et al. 1995;Klein et al. 1998;Lyons et al. 1996;O'Donnell et al. 1999;Paulson et al. 1999;Solomon et al. 1995)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":129915280,"citingcorpusid":3013093,"citedcorpusid":2027582,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 07 January 2015\ndoi: 10.3389/fncom.2014.00166","…paradigms, the initial probability of a split percept is zero, indicating that the first percept is always the grouped one (Anstis and Saida, 1985; Carlyon et al., 2001; Micheyl et al., 2005; Pressnitzer et al., 2008; Hupé and Pressnitzer, 2012; but see Deike et al., 2012, who show that stimuli…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1059396923,"citingcorpusid":119311273,"citedcorpusid":120888979,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Our proof is inspired by [16] where the stability of the periodic peakons of the CamassaHolm equation is proved.","7 again indicates that among all travelling waves of fixed energy, the peakon has maximal height (see also [8, 16]).","[16] If u ∈ C([0, T );H1(S1)), then Mu(t) = max x∈S1 u(x, t) and mu(t) = min x∈S1 u(x, t)","1The proof in [16] is in turn inspired by the proof of stability of the Camassa-Holm peakons on the line presented in [8].","The main difference is that in [16] the function Fu associated with a solution u(x, t) could be chosen to be independent of time, whereas here the function Fu(t) depends on time.","The Camassa-Holm peakons are orbitally stable in the non-periodic setting [8] as well as in the periodic case [16]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1068090790,"citingcorpusid":7605182,"citedcorpusid":120888979,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Their stability is considered in [16, 17, 18, 26, 27, 36, 37]."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":145128406,"citingcorpusid":8538544,"citedcorpusid":29457898,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[6] introduced a case of a 24-year-old patient, with „en coup de sabre\" scleroderma and with focuses of scleroderma linearis.","However, in case of \"en coup de sabre\" scleroderma, a massive lymphocytic inflammatory infiltration around the vessels of surface and deep plexuses of skin [1,6] can be observed in an early stage."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":940752523,"citingcorpusid":14845234,"citedcorpusid":6187211,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["From a theoretical viewpoint, this aggregation hypothesis can be supported by Ss-type of models (Caplin and Spulber, 1987; Caballero and Engel, 1991; Gertler and Leahy, 2006; Golosov and Lucas,\n2007; Caballero and Engel, 2007; Caplin and Leahy, 2010)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2523123121,"citingcorpusid":22552599,"citedcorpusid":10429005,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Multichannel sequential protocols have been devised that deliver electrical pulses to several electrode pairs implanted in the stomach wall with initial stimulation of the proximal gastric corpus and subsequent progressive stimulation in antegrade fashion to more distal sites in the antrum"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":549338812,"citingcorpusid":53976053,"citedcorpusid":142881671,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Personal initiative refers to the extent to which the individual engages in proactive and long-term, goal-oriented behaviors where actions are taken that extend beyond the terms specified in the formal work contract (Frese et al., 1997)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":535460333,"citingcorpusid":53976053,"citedcorpusid":153709281,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Finally, since several scholars have called for a better understanding of the relationship between leadership and innovation (e.g., Byrne et al., 2009; Mumford et al., 2002; Shalley and Gilson, 2004), we discuss three mediating and moderating factors on leadership and innovation that has not yet…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":850808856,"citingcorpusid":18071589,"citedcorpusid":153532101,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…and its comparison with Cournot, and (ii) the construction of a more comprehensive one in which the natural resource explicitly appears as a factor of production and, possibly as well as desirably, its use also implies a negative environmental externality (as in Lambertini and Leitmann, 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3667381371,"citingcorpusid":1672629,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Second, even the licensed TV channels (i.e., allocated to certain TV licensee) may be under a low utilization in most time [5], and hence can be opportunistically reused by unlicensed non-TV wireless services with the permissions of licensees."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":577371670,"citingcorpusid":54920210,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This is in contrast to the outcome from previous studies, such as that of Doctors and McKesson (2006).","This is similar to the value of 1.180 used by Doctors and McKesson (2006).","The present outcome of a low value for the bow-seal drag contrasts with the calculations of Doctors and McKesson (2006), where the seal drag could be substantial, particularly at near-hump speeds.","With regard to the seal drag, the two methods of Doctors and McKesson (2006) were used.","The drag of the bow-finger seal RS is modeled according to the planing theory developed by Doctors and McKesson (2006).","The inclusion of sidehulls to complete the idealized modeling of an SES was described in detail by Doctors (1993) and Doctors and McKesson (2006)."],"intents":[["result"],["result"],["result"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2565055464,"citingcorpusid":54920210,"citedcorpusid":118759913,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The inclusion of sidehulls to complete the idealized modeling of an SES was described in detail by Doctors (1993) and Doctors and McKesson (2006)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1952716287,"citingcorpusid":153035587,"citedcorpusid":10943562,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recognition that tourism is a complex phenomenon is currently discussed within academic literature (Baggio, 2008; Baggio & Sainaghi, 2011; Faulkner & Russell, 1997; Faulkner, Russell, Moscardo, & Laws, 2001; Russell & Faulkner, 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":976447315,"citingcorpusid":73594032,"citedcorpusid":153768457,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["3 For a discussion on previous approaches attempting to incorporate environmental variables in DEA-like model, see Fried et al. (2002). 4 The alternative strategy would be to estimate (M + N) regressions.","The latter allowed us to control for the impact of regulatory policy, environmental characteristics and statistical noise within a mixed DEA-SFA framework for firms’ performance evaluation. In particular, stage two involved the estimation of stochastic frontier equations separately for each production factor, having the corresponding DEA input slacks calculated at stage one as dependent variable and non-discretionary regulatory and environmental factors as explicative variables. The aim was to purge slacks of external effects and statistical noise not accounted for in stage one, by letting the exogenous characteristics generating a different impact on each input excess. This feature of the empirical strategy represents a second important methodological aspect addressed in the study. In fact, the results from stage two, besides to permit the re-running of DEA using adjusted input quantities (third stage), provide also novel evidence on the impact of the three types of determinants of input-specific resource wastes: regulation and environmental characteristics, the so-called pure managerial inefficiency, and statistical noise. The issues analyzed have also proved fruitful from the perspective of empirical regulatory economics and the policy implications the latter provides. To date a limited number of studies have analyzed how LPT systems actually respond to changes in regulatory incentives. Previous literature on this subject include the contributions by Dalen and Gomez-Lobo (1997; 2003), Gagnepain and Ivaldi (2002a, b), Kerstens (1996) and Piacenza (2006).","As for Italy, this evidence confirms the policy indications by Piacenza (2006), which point out a scope for public transport policy to increase efficiency by acting on both subsidies and local traffic regulation.","The latter allowed us to control for the impact of regulatory policy, environmental characteristics and statistical noise within a mixed DEA-SFA framework for firms’ performance evaluation. In particular, stage two involved the estimation of stochastic frontier equations separately for each production factor, having the corresponding DEA input slacks calculated at stage one as dependent variable and non-discretionary regulatory and environmental factors as explicative variables. The aim was to purge slacks of external effects and statistical noise not accounted for in stage one, by letting the exogenous characteristics generating a different impact on each input excess. This feature of the empirical strategy represents a second important methodological aspect addressed in the study. In fact, the results from stage two, besides to permit the re-running of DEA using adjusted input quantities (third stage), provide also novel evidence on the impact of the three types of determinants of input-specific resource wastes: regulation and environmental characteristics, the so-called pure managerial inefficiency, and statistical noise. The issues analyzed have also proved fruitful from the perspective of empirical regulatory economics and the policy implications the latter provides. To date a limited number of studies have analyzed how LPT systems actually respond to changes in regulatory incentives. Previous literature on this subject include the contributions by Dalen and Gomez-Lobo (1997; 2003), Gagnepain and Ivaldi (2002a, b), Kerstens (1996) and Piacenza (2006). Although all these studies concluded that incentive theory and modern regulatory economics are necessary components for the production analysis of LPT systems, none of them has tried to disentangle the role played by regulation and other firmspecific exogenous factors (e.","3 For a discussion on previous approaches attempting to incorporate environmental variables in DEA-like model, see Fried et al. (2002). 4 The alternative strategy would be to estimate (M + N) regressions. For a discussion of advantages and disadvantages of both estimation strategies see Fried et al. (2002). take the following form:","The latter allowed us to control for the impact of regulatory policy, environmental characteristics and statistical noise within a mixed DEA-SFA framework for firms’ performance evaluation. In particular, stage two involved the estimation of stochastic frontier equations separately for each production factor, having the corresponding DEA input slacks calculated at stage one as dependent variable and non-discretionary regulatory and environmental factors as explicative variables. The aim was to purge slacks of external effects and statistical noise not accounted for in stage one, by letting the exogenous characteristics generating a different impact on each input excess. This feature of the empirical strategy represents a second important methodological aspect addressed in the study. In fact, the results from stage two, besides to permit the re-running of DEA using adjusted input quantities (third stage), provide also novel evidence on the impact of the three types of determinants of input-specific resource wastes: regulation and environmental characteristics, the so-called pure managerial inefficiency, and statistical noise. The issues analyzed have also proved fruitful from the perspective of empirical regulatory economics and the policy implications the latter provides. To date a limited number of studies have analyzed how LPT systems actually respond to changes in regulatory incentives. Previous literature on this subject include the contributions by Dalen and Gomez-Lobo (1997; 2003), Gagnepain and Ivaldi (2002a, b), Kerstens (1996) and Piacenza (2006). Although all these studies concluded that incentive theory and modern regulatory economics are necessary components for the production analysis of LPT systems, none of them has tried to disentangle the role played by regulation and other firmspecific exogenous factors (e.g. network characteristics) from the one attributable to pure management skills in causing the arising of global production efficiency. Furthermore, Gagnepain and Ivaldi (2002a, b) and Dalen and GomezLobo (1997) identified a priori a lack of productivity in labor factor (in particular in driver category) as the main source of inefficiency, due to the strong incidence of this input on total operating costs (70% on average in our sample) and to the presence of significant informational asymmetries between LPT operator and regulator as for the actual input needs in the production process."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,["result"],null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3126819859,"citingcorpusid":225117157,"citedcorpusid":119792722,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["where SL and SN denote the exact operators associated with equations (7) and (8), respectively.","We now consider the nonlinear equation (8) subject to periodic boundary conditions.","Based on the second order SSP-RK method,(20) equation (8) can be solved by u 1⁄4 u þ sNðrumÞ umþ1 1⁄4 1 2 u þ 1 2 u þ s 2 Nðru Þ (8)<: (16)"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1629162520,"citingcorpusid":206280121,"citedcorpusid":19510439,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This prediction tool seems to possess a higher sensitivity to detect those at high risk of fracture [9], besides suggesting which intervention threshold should be developed [10].","All of them are known to affect the risk of fracture [6,9,20] according to FRAX® score.","history of falls, alcohol intake, fracture family history [9,37]) could have missed other possible risk factors."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3912904716,"citingcorpusid":22495019,"citedcorpusid":44736826,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Bumke (1993) took issue with the over-inclusiveness of the dementia praecox concept."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1030593187,"citingcorpusid":91144971,"citedcorpusid":43681236,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In this way, pregnancy can be achieved without any ART techniques, some of which are invasive, and may cause complications for the female partner.","Application of ART is a generic treatment to most infertility cases.","On the other hand, there are possible risks associated with infertility and ART: multiple pregnancies, and effects on the offspring (e.g. genetic abnormalities passed from parents) (11).",".................................................................................. 196\nxvii\nList of Abbreviations\nABC, Ammonium bicarbonate ACE, Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACN, Acetonitrile ADAM, A disintegrin and metalloprotease AR, Acrosome reaction ART, Assisted Reproduction Technologies AUC, Area under the curve BCA, Bicinchoninic acid BMGY, Buffered complex glycerol medium BMMY, Buffered complex methanol BTB, Blood-testis barrier CFTR, Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance receptor CI, Confidence intervals COC, Cumulus-oocyte complex DPEP3, Dipeptidase 3 DTT, Dithiothreitol ECM1, Extracellular matrix protein 1 ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER, Endoplasmatic reticulum Fc, constant region of immunoglobulin FDR, False discovery rate FRT, Female reproductive tract FSH, Follicle stimulating hormone FWHM, Full width at half maximum GndCl, Guanidine hydrochloride GnRH, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone GPI, Glycophosphatidylinositol HAT, Hypoxanthine-aminopterinthymidine medium hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin HPA, Human Protein Atlas HPLC, High Pressure liquid chromatography\nxviii\nHRP, Horseradish peroxidase HS, Hypospermatogenesis HZA, Hemizona assay ICI, Intracervical insemination ICSI, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection IUI, Intrauterine insemination IVF, in vitro fertilization LC-MS/MS, Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry LFQ, Label-free quantification LH, Luteinizing hormone LOD, Limit of detection LY6K, Lymphocyte antigen 6K MA, Maturation arrest mAb, Monoclonal antibody MS, Mass spectrometry NHS, N-hydroxysuccinimide NOA, Non-obstructive azoospermia OA, Obstructive azoospermia PPI, Protein-protein interaction PRM, Parallel reaction monitoring PSA, Prostate-specific antigen PTM, Post-translational modification PV, Post vasectomy ROC, Receiver operating characteristic curve RT, Room temperature SCO, Sertoli cell-only SCX, Strong cation exchange chromatography SMVs, Seminal microvesicles SNP, Single nucleotide polymorphism SP, Seminal plasma SPA, Sperm penetration assay SRM, Selected reaction monitoring\nxix\nTBS, Tris-buffered saline TESE, Testicular sperm extraction TEX101, Testis-expressed sequence 101 UTJ, Uterotubular junction ZP, Zona pellucida\n1\nChapter 1\nIntroduction\nSections of this chapter were published in Electronic Journal of the International Federation of\nClinical Chemistry: “An emerging role of TEX101 protein as a male infertility biomarker” by\nSchiza C., Jarvi K., Diamandis E.P., and Drabovich A.P. eJIFCC 2014, 25 (1): 9-26.","Research on testis-specific proteins and their function has two main clinical applications: (i) to discover innovative and effective contraceptive strategies; and (ii) to improve the selection of competent sperm and ensure successful outcomes for ART (306, 307).","After successful sperm retrieval, sperm can be directly used for ART, or it can be cryopreserved for future ART.","One could argue that advances in ART can provide solution to most infertility cases.","Furthermore, ART risks can be controlled and prevented when both partners are thoroughly examined.","In addition, social and cultural determinants render ART not accessible to many couples (5).","The diagnosis of male infertility has two goals: (i) to identify the causes of infertility, and apply treatments that will allow natural conception and ARTs; and (ii) to investigate whether the causes of infertility can also pose risk to man’s health, like infections, mutations in CFTR, or other genetic disorders.","The direct and indirect costs of assisted reproduction technologies (ART) may not be fully covered by health care system in some countries, and thus, set barriers to ART access for several patients (4).","Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the application of ART in order to treat infertility (7-10).","Currently, a wide range of established ART procedures ensure that most of the infertile couples will be able to have a child."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":4116374869,"citingcorpusid":256216855,"citedcorpusid":3403264,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We model a vehicle as a particle model which can provide a good trade-off between simplicity for real-time implementation and accuracy for high-performance control of an autonomous race car [20].","obstacles’ current and future positions are highly uncertain in dynamic environment [20], [21], [22], [23]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4116374619,"citingcorpusid":256216855,"citedcorpusid":254095187,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Generally, the obstacles are represented as a set of the constraints for autonomous system control, which produces a non-convex optimization problem [27], [28], [29], [30]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3215016301,"citingcorpusid":229679653,"citedcorpusid":122716057,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For instance, in [15], the environmental information provided by geographic information system is employed to select the homogeneous sample data, and a significant improvement in the detection performance is achieved in real IPIX radar data."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2199669357,"citingcorpusid":138944368,"citedcorpusid":27969763,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Anisotropy of the refractive index, i.e., birefringence, appears when light is incident upon a cleaved edge of the porous Si layer (Kovalev et al. 1995; Mihalcescu et al. 1997), while it is optically symmetric when light is incident perpendicular to the surface."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2727316412,"citingcorpusid":8130180,"citedcorpusid":38229737,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For example, vertebral fracture was reduced 65–69% in 2 years of rhPTH(1-34) treatment((9)) compared with approximately a 50% reduction in vertebral fracture with antiremodeling agents such as bisphosphonates or SERMs.","(38) Furthermore, osteocalcin and osteopontin in rats and human are upregulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 through the VDR.\n(46–48) The effects of 2MD on inhibiting trabecular bone turnover may be a direct effect through activation of VDR, an indirect effect through suppression of endogenous PTH, or a combination of both.","Decreased serum PTH level has been reported for alfacalcidol in rats.","(9) For example, vertebral fracture was reduced 65–69% in 2 years of rhPTH(1-34) treatment(9) compared with approximately a 50% reduction in vertebral fracture with antiremodeling agents such as bisphosphonates or SERMs.","However, in another separate study, we found that 2MD at doses 5 ng/kg/day significantly decreased serum PTH in rats.","A bone formation agent, recombinant human PTH(1-34) [rhPTH(134)], has been shown to possess superior efficacy in increasing BMD and in reducing fracture risk.","(27) In this study, we did not determine serum PTH level."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,null,null,["background"],null]}
{"citationid":1532985135,"citingcorpusid":153927180,"citedcorpusid":143104461,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["this tension is also an internationally recognised phenomenon, and arguments for a different view on sports for children are common (cf. Keating 1988; Boxill 2003; David 2005; Kidman 2006).","…field of tension, the voluntary leader has to perform her/his daily activities dealing with these missions. this tension is also an internationally recognised phenomenon, and arguments for a different view on sports for children are common (cf. Keating 1988; Boxill 2003; David 2005; Kidman 2006).","Competition is a strong force, and as for example Boxill (2003) and Loland (2002) point out, good competition can function as an arena for developing a positive identity. Many strong situations arise in connection with competitions, situations that often have a profound impact on a person’s identity. For people who have a relation to sports, it may function as a pattern for life interpretation, both for the athletes themselves and for the crowd. Lasch (1980) thinks that it is this very part of the competition that is its great strength.","Competition is a strong force, and as for example Boxill (2003) and Loland (2002) point out, good competition can function as an arena for developing a positive identity.","Competition is a strong force, and as for example Boxill (2003) and Loland (2002) point out, good competition can function as an arena for developing a positive identity. Many strong situations arise in connection with competitions, situations that often have a profound impact on a person’s identity. For people who have a relation to sports, it may function as a pattern for life interpretation, both for the athletes themselves and for the crowd. Lasch (1980) thinks that it is this very part of the competition that is its great strength. As a liberation from the complex world of everyday life, the participants subject themselves to rules arbitrarily agreed upon in a fight that contributes neither to human beings’ struggle against nature nor to the common weal. Unlike drugs the competition is however a flight from reality that requires both concentration and intelligence and that gives limited side effects. According to Lasch (ibid.), it is when ideological and political interests get involved that the competition loses its attraction and becomes instrumental, a view that he shares with Huizinga (1955). Boxill (2003) also emphasises the participants’ mutual challenge and expectation","Boxill (2003) also emphasises the participants’ mutual challenge and expectation\nof beating one another as the competition’s basic element, but she thinks that external factors such as money, fame and attention in the media risk ruining the basic idea of competition. the competition will be about a…","(Boxill, 2003, p. 115)\nAccording to Loland (2002), the sports competition is a communicative process where the rules of the game function as the structure that frames the game, but where each participant’s own objectives and intentions need not be equal to the rules of the game. the meeting between…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1532984797,"citingcorpusid":153927180,"citedcorpusid":144606535,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["146 Keating, J. W. (1988). Sportsmanship as a moral category.","It is important to keep in mind that there should be a difference between the competition of children’s sports and that of adults, something that e.g. Keating (1988) stresses.","…field of tension, the voluntary leader has to perform her/his daily activities dealing with these missions. this tension is also an internationally recognised phenomenon, and arguments for a different view on sports for children are common (cf. Keating 1988; Boxill 2003; David 2005; Kidman 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3849551658,"citingcorpusid":153927180,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["the criticism of the Swedish sports movement as an upbringing environment concerns that it risks turning children into objects (gustavsson 1994; Karp 2000; redelius 2002a). the physical activities themselves are not instrumental. It is when society and competitive sports as a construction combine them with ideological aspects, upbringing ideals and competitive ideals that they become instrumental. Children and young people thus participate in sports not only for joy, but also to be shaped in a favourable way for society. As stated earlier, Peterson (2007) argues that sports for children and young people has a double mission – ‘association","Pedagogical tact is close to Plato’s fronesis or practical wisdom – acting for what is good and doing it with means that support what is good (gustavsson, 2004).","Pedagogical tact is close to Plato’s fronesis or practical wisdom – acting for what is good and doing it with means that support what is good (gustavsson, 2004). the practically wise person does not act solely for her/his own advantage but acts also with a feeling and openness for what is good for others in the context. In this way spirits of community are built that are based on respect and understanding. Pedagogical tact is embodied being at the same time that it is a part of the social and physical world that the person lives in. van Manen (1995) thinks that an educationalist with good pedagogical tact is characterised by: (1) a feeling for being able to interpret children’s inner thoughts, feelings and understanding, being able quickly to see through motives and in this way influence the relation; (2) being able to interpret psychological and social features of the children’s inner life and hence being able to understand the deeper significance of shyness, frustration, interest, difficulties, humour etc.","gustavsson (1994) thinks that the autodidactic transfer of knowledge risks limiting the opportunities for change; it is a mediating educational relation between the leader and the children.","According to gustavsson (1994), the sports movement emanates from this modern thinking, where rationality and measurability are important components. the watch and the measuring-tape are important factors in competitive sports. Sport is instrumental and the sportsperson is objectified. Many tensions arise in the system, e.g. between the nation’s longing for success and the individual sportsperson’s moral sense (gustavsson 1994; Loland 2002). through the structure of sports and through different sports’ special character and social class affiliation, Karp (2000) thinks that parents can","According to gustavsson (1994), the sports movement emanates from this modern thinking, where rationality and measurability are important components.","Pedagogical tact is close to Plato’s fronesis or practical wisdom – acting for what is good and doing it with means that support what is good (gustavsson, 2004). the practically wise person does not act solely for her/his own advantage but acts also with a feeling and openness for what is good for…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4116355891,"citingcorpusid":258884830,"citedcorpusid":383371,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Phytochromes absorb light in the red and far-red regions of the visible spectrum [50,51] and regulate key developmental events such as seed germination, timing of flowering, plant size and shape as well as leaf movement [52–59]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":871938864,"citingcorpusid":15056843,"citedcorpusid":22340115,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…G. A. Wright (&) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK e-mail: jeri.wright@ncl.ac.uk\nS. J. Willis School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK\nacetylcholine receptors (Millar and Denholm 2007).","There are several classes of neonicotinoid that are based on their chemical structures: chloronicotinyl compounds, such as imidacloprid; thianicotinyl compounds, such as clothianidin and thiamethoxam; and the furanicotinyl compound dinotefuran (Millar and Denholm 2007).","are several classes of neonicotinoid that are based on their chemical structures: chloronicotinyl compounds, such as imidacloprid; thianicotinyl compounds, such as clothianidin and thiamethoxam; and the furanicotinyl compound dinotefuran (Millar and Denholm 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":535381885,"citingcorpusid":53509111,"citedcorpusid":123149617,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["(5) Model (1) is obtained generalizing the n-populations model for traffic flow described in [4] and it is a multi-class version of the one dimensional scalar conservation law with non-local flux proposed in [5], where ρi is the density of vehicles belonging to the i-th class, ηi is proportional to the look-ahead distance and Ji is the interaction strength.","is not an invariant domain for (1), unlike the classical multi-population model [4].","To address this and other traffic heterogeneities, “multi-class” models consist of a system of conservation equations, one for each vehicle class, coupled in the speed terms, see [4] and references therein for more details.","Due to their higher speed, cars overtake trucks, in accordance with what observed in the local case [4]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":3935970621,"citingcorpusid":53509111,"citedcorpusid":59763613,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Payne-Whitham [12, 15] and Aw-Rascle-Zhang [3, 16]) consist of a mass conservation equation for the density and an acceleration balance law for the speed, thus considering the two quantities as independent."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1583453303,"citingcorpusid":143682725,"citedcorpusid":153465983,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This principle, as a fundamental human right, clearly indicates that another communication model necessitates democratisation and thus a redistribution of power on all levels (Fischer 1982; Fischer & Harms 1983; Lee 2004)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2106921634,"citingcorpusid":120251150,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The growth rate R is related to step propagation as R = hnv, the velocity v of elementary steps is related to the relative solution supersaturation σ x on the surface as v = βσ x , β is the kinetic step coefficient, h is their height, andρ is the crystal density (Chernov, 1984).","E-mail: bredikh@appl.sci-nnov.ru\n504\nmechanism of crystal growth from solutions is the spiral growth at screw dislocations described by the Burton, Cabrera, and Frank (BCF) theory (Burton et al., 1951; Chernov, 1961, 1984).","For the\nstep density n(x, t) we have the following propagation equation (Chernov, 1961, 1984):\n∂n ∂t + β ∂(nσx) ∂x = 0.","For the limiting values of flow velocity (U → ∞; δ → 0 and U → 0; δ → ∞), the solutions correspond with the known trivial solutions σ = σ∞ (the kinetic mode) and σ = 0 (the diffusion mode) (Chernov, 1984).","…y=0 = ρ σx βnh (2)\nThe growth rate R is related to step propagation as R = hnv, the velocity v of elementary steps is related to the relative solution supersaturation σ x on the surface as v = βσ x , β is the kinetic step coefficient, h is their height, andρ is the crystal density (Chernov, 1984).","…of solution, the flow velocity field and the distribution of solution concentration near the growing crystal have complex configurations, even in model experiments; for example, in the case of a uniform solution flow running tangentially onto the growing surface (Chernov, 1984; Levich, 1957).","In a real experiment employing stimulated convection of solution, the flow velocity field and the distribution of solution concentration near the growing crystal have complex configurations, even in model experiments; for example, in the case of a uniform solution flow running tangentially onto the growing surface (Chernov, 1984; Levich, 1957).","It is well known (Chernov, 1984; Levich, 1957) that the problem of mass transport in a moving laminar flow of solution to the absorbing boundary y = 0 is characterized by two spatial scales: thickness of hydrodynamic layer δH and thickness of diffusion layer δ."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],null,null,["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1122927612,"citingcorpusid":147314331,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["rotation of hip; dorsiflexion and plantar flexion (10, 11).","O músculo que tem como um dos objetivos principais dar estabilidade à coluna vertebral é o transverso abdominal, uma vez que a sua anatomia envolve a coluna e a cintura pélvica (10, 11, 57).","Quando a coluna apresenta maior estabilidade, ganha-se em independência de movimento dos membros superiores e inferiores (10).","Foi realizado as seguintes amplitudes de movimento bilateralmente: flexão lateral de pescoço; rotação do pescoço; flexão, extensão, abdução, rotação interna e externa de ombro; flexão, extensão, rotação interna e externa de quadril, dorsiflexão e flexão plantar (10, 11)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":2945365593,"citingcorpusid":46497311,"citedcorpusid":45896701,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In an earlier study, Lowenkron (1989) identified a set of component responses that supported generalized relational matching under instructional control.","7 indicates a role for some form of generalized stimulus control exerted by the absence of specified comparisons (See Lowenkron & Colvin [1992] for a discussion and demonstration of how the absence of a stimulus may control behavior.","trained in the tasks described in Lowenkron (1989), such that the white screen color also controlled the selection of line lengths, rectangle widths and dot distances identical to the sample, then white could now be said to serve as a label for the broadly applicable relations same as or equivalent to across a wider variety of","Previous studies involving a variety of response topographies have shown that bringing comparison selection under this form of stimulus control consistently produced generalized identity matching (Lowenkron, 1988) and generalized relational matching with novel stimuli as soon as accurate tacts for these stimuli were acquired (Lowenkron, 1984).","Comparable performances were directly observed by Lowenkron (1989) where two instructional stimuli controlled overt transformational responses for the spatial relations shorter than, and longer than as well as for nearer, and further."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3952038197,"citingcorpusid":252680581,"citedcorpusid":198911632,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several foreign studies have concluded that SAA levels can assess the severity of acute cerebral infarction and determine the prognosis [26]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":228840502,"citingcorpusid":1419389,"citedcorpusid":6518469,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Members from these two classes can form heterodimer complexes via domains conserved within each class (Bellaoui et al. 2001; Muller et al. 2001; Smith and Hake 2003; Bhatt et al. 2004; Hake et al. 2004)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":166666311,"citingcorpusid":9234408,"citedcorpusid":6518469,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ATH1 physically interacts with KNAT2 Several recent studies revealed that, through their N-terminal domain, a number of BELL family proteins are able to form complexes with KNOX family proteins (Bellaoui et al., 2001; Muller et al., 2001; Smith et al., 2002).","Several recent studies revealed that, through their N-terminal domain, a number of BELL family proteins are able to form complexes with KNOX family proteins (Bellaoui et al., 2001; Muller et al., 2001; Smith et al., 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":573929547,"citingcorpusid":55115432,"citedcorpusid":31642405,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This was addressed by redesigning within the same region of the MCP gene for genus-specific PCR of the Megalocytivirus genus using nested PCR.","Recently, Kim et al. (2010) detected iridovirus in paradise fish and classified it under the same genotype II.","freshwater fin fishes are: Infectious Spleen and Kidney necrosis Virus (ISKNV), Dwarf Gourami Iridovirus (DGIV), African Lampeye Iridovirus (ALIV), Pearl Gourami Iridovirus and Iridovirus in paradise fish (He et al., 2000; Sudthongkong et al., 2002; Andersonet al., 1993; Go and Whittington, 2006; Jeonget al., 2008; Kim et al., 2010; Rodger et al., 1997; Leibovitz and Riis, 1980; Paperna et al., 2001).","These fish did not show clinical signs of infection or mortality and tested negative using 1-step PCR. Jeong et al. (2006) have used a 2-step PCR method for the detection of asymptomatic iridovirus infection in various cultured marine fish species.","To screen ornamental fishes of Mumbai region for detection of iridoviruses by\nPCR.\n5","=3) were positive for MCV using 2-step PCR.","The amino acid sequences of each of these regions were used for the design of degenerate oligonucleotide primers for PCR.","In the same trial 56% pearl gouramis, 77% silver gouramis and 67% of the dwarf gouramis were shown to be positive using 2-step PCR. Kim et al. (2010) reported that 34% of dead and moribund paradise fish imported to South Korea from Indonesia tested PCR positive for MCV. Jeong et al. (2008) also…","This qPCR did not detect MCV or other cyprinid herpes virus. qPCR confirmed the presence of EHNV even when there is no cytopathic effect found in the BF-2 cells,\n14\nGoldberg et al. (2003) showed that three LMBV isolates were replicated at identical rates in cell culture in vitro, as determined by the real time qPCR but in in vivo, the isolates varied over fivefold in virulence and the variation in the viral load was determined by real time qPCR. Holopainen et al. (2011) developed for quantitation of ranaviruses.","…(DGIV), African Lampeye Iridovirus (ALIV), Pearl Gourami Iridovirus and Iridovirus in paradise fish (He et al., 2000; Sudthongkong et al., 2002; Andersonet al., 1993; Go and Whittington, 2006; Jeonget al., 2008; Kim et al., 2010; Rodger et al., 1997; Leibovitz and Riis, 1980; Paperna et al., 2001).","Jeong et al. (2008) reported that 36% pearl gouramis (n=36), 8% silver gourami (n=13) and 25% dwarf gouramis (n=12) tested positive for ISKNV viruses using 1-step PCR.","The detection limit of the LAMP assay was 15 fg which was equal to the real time PCR (q-PCR) but 10-fold greater than the conventional PCR.","In the same trial 56% pearl gouramis, 77% silver gouramis and 67% of the dwarf gouramis were shown to be positive using 2-step PCR. Kim et al. (2010) reported that 34% of dead and moribund paradise fish imported to South Korea from Indonesia tested PCR positive for MCV. Jeong et al. (2008) also reported that 83% of platys (Xiphophorus maculatus) (n= 6), 100% of mollies (Poecilia sphenops) (n=4), 67% of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) (n=3), and 33% of swordtails (Xiphophorus hellerii) (n"],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":3628811402,"citingcorpusid":245099960,"citedcorpusid":207459888,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Mangosteen peel is high in xanthones [16], a type of polyphenolic substance with a wide range of biological activity in vitro, as well as other bioactive components such as flavonoids [17], tannins [18], and anthocyanins [19,20]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1054079758,"citingcorpusid":113327326,"citedcorpusid":153968459,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Yakhou and Dorweiler (2004) note corporate governance mechanisms should consist of standards and processes, the latter comprised of communication and enforcement rules, implementation mechanisms, auditing and assessment.","To generalise and clarify research of its governance, knowledge management may be broadly regarded as “any planned, formal or recognised management of activities and processes concerned with is known in organisations.”"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3116004607,"citingcorpusid":224867421,"citedcorpusid":21486382,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["⑤ Pielou species evenness index (E1) (Whittaker 1972)\nHmax ¼ 1n Sð Þ;E1 ¼ H 0=Hmax\nWhere S is the number of species; H′ is Shannon Wiener categories diversity index; Hmax is the theoretical maximum diversity index of communities."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3733767018,"citingcorpusid":244678345,"citedcorpusid":142731217,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In their meta-analysis Van Petten and Luka (2012) examined brain responses to semantically congruent vs. incongruent sentence endings.","The prototypical P600 amplitude has been reported in correlation with anomalies such as phrase structure, verb tense, subject-verb number agreement, case violations, and also with constituent movement or under conditions of increased syntactic complexity or ambiguity (a.o. see Hagoort, Brown, & Groothusen, 1993; Kaan et al., 2000; Osterhout & Holcomb, 1992; Van Petten & Luka, 2012).","A broadly shared assumption in the literature implies that the N400 component is sensitive to retrieval of the meaning of a word from semantic memory (e.g. Federmeier & Laszlo, 2009 among many others) and that the amplitude is sensitive to the degree to which the cues ease retrieval of conceptual knowledge (e.g. Brouwer et al., 2012; Kutas & Federmeier, 2000, 2011; Van Berkum, 2009).","…to retrieval of the meaning of a word from semantic memory (e.g. Federmeier & Laszlo, 2009 among many others) and that the amplitude is sensitive to the degree to which the cues ease retrieval of conceptual knowledge (e.g. Brouwer et al., 2012; Kutas & Federmeier, 2000, 2011; Van Berkum, 2009)."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3619889874,"citingcorpusid":244678345,"citedcorpusid":5473698,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some further studies revealed an N400 in sentences with case or verb inflection violation (e.g. Bornkessel et al., 2003; Frisch & Schlesewsky, 2005; Nieuwland et al., 2013) or case/aspect violations in Hindi (Choudhary et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":86371204,"citingcorpusid":14543847,"citedcorpusid":2393499,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["As to concept of the reliability of models and MSA, Ören puts forward the concept of M&S QA [ 6 ] and Model Reliability [7] , and points out that model reliability can be regarded as a function of performance of the computer code and quality of the model, gives a method based on functional decomposition of model reliability, and analyzes the simulation of nuclear fuel waste management system, but the concept is just only constrained in software engineering and software quality assurance.","As to concept of the reliability of models and MSA, Ören puts forward the concept of M&S QA [ 6 ] and Model Reliability [7] , and points out that model reliability can be regarded as a function of performance of the computer code and quality of the model, gives a method based on functional…","Model Reliability is defined as the ability of a product to perform a required function under stated conditions for a stated period of time for a specific purpose.","Model Reliability is the comprehensive description of the quality and performance of a model.","Model should put emphasis on system behavior, software implementation [7] and other quality metrics except for accuracy, which are Reliability focuses on the realism and suitability of model behavior; software reliability put emphasis on correctness and robustness of simulation implementation; and…"],"intents":[null,["methodology"],null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3642031870,"citingcorpusid":245812254,"citedcorpusid":3114092,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2019) is associated with acute brain injury after the ischemic stroke through increasing neuroinflammation (Lenart et al., 2016).","NLRP3 inflammasome activation that involves NLRP3 priming and assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome (He et al., 2016; Kelley et al., 2019) is associated with acute brain injury after the ischemic stroke through increasing neuroinflammation (Lenart et al., 2016)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2713237206,"citingcorpusid":85220400,"citedcorpusid":24454089,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["man cathepsin D) possess a comparable preference for hydrophobic residues (Guillou et al., 1991 ; Dunn and Hung, 2000; El-Zahar et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3642031886,"citingcorpusid":245812254,"citedcorpusid":4832296,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", 2019) has been suggested as a key pathogenic event in ischemic stroke (Yang et al., 2014; Ye et al., 2017; Ismael et al., 2018; Lee et al., 2020).","Indeed, genetic deletion of NLRP3 or pharmacological suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome can reduce ischemic stroke-induced acute brain injury (Yang et al., 2014; Ye et al., 2017; Ismael et al., 2018).","…processing of NLRP3 upregulation and assembly of inflammasome components such as NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β (He et al., 2016; Kelley et al., 2019) has been suggested as a key pathogenic event in ischemic stroke (Yang et al., 2014; Ye et al., 2017; Ismael et al., 2018; Lee et al., 2020)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1600074126,"citingcorpusid":202577161,"citedcorpusid":4868248,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["mputer vision tasks, dense and precise depth information of an outdoor environment is extremely important for various applications of autonomous driving and robotics. Recently, in 3D object detection [15], [18], 3D semantic segmentation [23], [24], and depth completion tasks [12], [16], [21], point clouds obtained by LiDAR have gained more and more attention due to their accurate spatial information. "],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2229201982,"citingcorpusid":220381395,"citedcorpusid":4868248,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While many algorithms rely on the expensive LiDAR sensor as input [15, 16, 30, 35, 47], several recent papers have shown promising accuracy using the much cheaper stereo images [8, 14, 17, 19, 29, 43, 45]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1597163419,"citingcorpusid":202714644,"citedcorpusid":4868248,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is possible to obtain a 3D bounding box using F-PointNet [28], or directly estimated the 3D bounding box with other geometric information and priori [36, 38].","To exploit both image and point cloud, some methods [8, 18] aggregate point cloud and image features from different views, while F-PointNet [28] obtains frustum proposal from an image, and then applies PointNet [29] for 3D object localization with the point cloud.","Rather, inspired by F-PointNet [28], we exploit all the point clouds in the frustum projected by the 2D bounding box."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1593812716,"citingcorpusid":202583549,"citedcorpusid":4868248,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For pedestrians and cyclists we surpass Pseudo-LiDAR with F-PointNet (PL-FP) in all but three categories and tie up to rounding error on hard cyclist BEV.","Existing methods can be categorized by the sensors they use: LiDAR [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], LiDAR and camera [6], [7], [8], monocular camera [9], [10], [11], and stereo camera setups [12], [13], [14], [15].","We also surpass the performance of PseudoLiDAR implemented with AVOD, as shown in the top row, which indicates that much of the performance improvement for PL-FP can be attributed to F-PointNet.","To compare with the stateof-the-art, we follow the 1:1 training to validation split of [33], [7], [6] and the standard practice of comparing BEV and 3D AP performance using IoUs of 0.","Pseudo-LiDAR [13] adapt the 3D detectors AVOD [7] and F-PointNet [6] to use point clouds from disparity maps predicted by PSMNet [17]."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],null,["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1444341047,"citingcorpusid":191525957,"citedcorpusid":4868248,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This offers more information for the networks, which could use it to better understand the property of the objects, as proposed in (Qi et al., 2018)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4086313129,"citingcorpusid":257757246,"citedcorpusid":4868248,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Compared to LiDAR-based [12, 36, 42, 43, 23, 63] and stereo-based [10, 11, 21, 35, 38, 54] methods, a much cheaper, more energy-efficient, and easier-to-deploy alternative, i.","Compared to LiDAR-based [12, 36, 42, 43, 23, 63] and stereo-based [10, 11, 21, 35, 38, 54] methods, a much cheaper, more energy-efficient, and easier-to-deploy alternative, i.e. , monocular 3D object detection (Mono3D), remains an open and challenging research field."],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
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{"citationid":3228670499,"citingcorpusid":229722413,"citedcorpusid":4868248,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["F-PointNet [15] alternatively adopts a convolutional visual network to get coarse locations on image coordination, which combines with a frustum point cloud to refine its bounding box in a cascade fashion."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1161072746,"citingcorpusid":160009644,"citedcorpusid":4868248,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Recent works in this area include Frustum PointNets [13] and AVOD [14].","Frustum PointNets uses a 2D detector to cut out a \"frustum\" from an incoming pointcloud."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
{"citationid":431997564,"citingcorpusid":3763258,"citedcorpusid":4868248,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This trend started with [22] for indoor object detection, which inspired Frustum-based PointNets (F-PointNet) [23] to extend the feature extraction stage to rely on point-wise features of PointNet [24] instead of point histograms.","We also compare the performance of our architecture on the KITTI test set with 3DFCN[5], MV3D, VoxelNet [21], and F-PointNet [23]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":3695662577,"citingcorpusid":247362535,"citedcorpusid":4868248,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, methods in [4, 5, 15, 26] rely on generating 2D proposals and then project them into the 3D space, which is hard to handle scenes with heavy occlusion."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1507827539,"citingcorpusid":199371415,"citedcorpusid":84704355,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This makes it a predominant infection in most wheat developing regions of china due to their cool and mild climate (Roelfs et al., 1992; Stubbs, 1985, 1988; McIntosh and Brown, 1997; Boshoff et al., 2002; Line, 2002; Wellings and McIntosh, 1990; Wellings et al., 2003; Yahyaoui et al., 2002)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1963225241,"citingcorpusid":83826068,"citedcorpusid":84704355,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["album have been identified in Australia, even though Yr5 has not been deployed there (Wellings and McIntosh 1990).","However, races virulent on T. spelta var. album have been identified in Australia, even though Yr5 has not been deployed there (Wellings and McIntosh 1990)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2563061241,"citingcorpusid":84192870,"citedcorpusid":84704355,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Stripe rust epidemics are often caused by new races of the pathogen that are able to render previously resistant cultivars susceptible (Stubbs,  1985 ; Wellings & McIntosh,  1990 ; Line & Qayoum,  1992 ; Wan  et al ,  2004 ; Chen,  2005 )."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1006391519,"citingcorpusid":82272666,"citedcorpusid":84704355,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It was reported that the generation of new races is largely governed by stepwise mutation, where single avirulence genes are gained or lost to give rise to new races of Pst (Wellings and McIntosh, 1990; Hovmøller et al., 2002) similar to Puccinia triticina (Ordoñez and Kolmer, 2009).","change from virulence/recessive to avirulence/dominant was suggested to be unlikely in rust populations (Knott, 1989); however, this was reported for Yr9 and Yr32 (Hovmøller and Justesen, 2009) and YrA (Wellings and McIntosh, 1990).","Back mutations, i.e. a change from virulence/recessive to avirulence/dominant was suggested to be unlikely in rust populations (Knott, 1989); however, this was reported for Yr9 and Yr32 (Hovmøller and Justesen, 2009) and YrA (Wellings and McIntosh, 1990).","Australian studies on race structure: In Australia, 15 races of Pst were reported in 10 years (Wellings and McIntosh, 1990).","Australian studies on race structure: In Australia, 15 races of Pst were reported in 10\nyears (Wellings and McIntosh, 1990).","New races of Pst are believed to evolve from stepwise mutation, rather than rare events like somatic recombination (Hovmøller et al., 2002; Wellings and McIntosh, 1990)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2679165486,"citingcorpusid":28178267,"citedcorpusid":91283634,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…is present both in the commercial solution of PAA and as a product of PAA decomposition), and the reduced efficiency against some viruses and parasites (i.e., Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts) (Lazarova et al., 1998; Lefevre et al., 1992; Liberti and Notarnicola, 1999).","Moreover, PAA disinfection action seems not to be influenced by a total suspended solids (TSS) concentration between 10 and 40 mg/L (Stampi et al., 2001), and good disinfection efficiency can be achieved with TSS up to 100 mg/L (Lefevre et al., 1992)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":824586284,"citingcorpusid":19402352,"citedcorpusid":12819792,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["L-Asparaginase (L-ASP) is an enzyme drug used in combination with vincristine and a glucocorticoid (eg, dexamethasone) to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).(1,2) We(3-6) and others(7) have reported a rationale for testing L-ASP against low-asparagine synthetase (ASNS) solid tumors as well."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":152725376,"citingcorpusid":15734109,"citedcorpusid":14125751,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Nowadays, a particular interest surrounds the ability of Se at supranutritional levels to reduce susceptibility to carcinogens [88, 89]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1629829896,"citingcorpusid":161187,"citedcorpusid":45053494,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Clouseau users are relieved of the burden of parsing the program, since the API exploits the Keystone parser to provide this functionality.","The Clouseau API forms a facade for the Keystone parser [13, 16, 17], so that users can access its functionality without the burden of dealing with its complexity[5].","The next section describes Clouseau [14], an API that facilitates symbol table inspection in Keystone [17], a parser for C++. Section 4.2 describes the process of cataloging C++ classes and how changes in different versions of the software are captured.","Keystone has recently been updated to handle both templates and the identification of exception handling structures.","Tax Cataloger uses the Clouseau API to access the information stored in Keystone’s symbol table for each class definition in the C++ applications supplied to the TaxTOOL.","We restrict our test suite to applications that do not contain templates, since the version of Keystone [13, 16, 17] used by Clouseau does not handle templates."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1007102442,"citingcorpusid":83931722,"citedcorpusid":14125751,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Selenium intake has been shown to have impact on different types of cancer and this is reviewed elsewhere [15-17]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1631822278,"citingcorpusid":22999032,"citedcorpusid":44945881,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Current treatment strategies for excessive internet use or online game playing involving psychotherapy and behavioral therapy are thought to have only limited efficacy for the treatment of pathologic internet addiction associated with comorbid psychiatric diseases (Beard, 2005; Wieland, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3316445703,"citingcorpusid":233423912,"citedcorpusid":195684998,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[") Ker-Gawler [38], which is its best source (11g/dried plant kg), shows antitumor and antiviral activity [39] and it acts as a powerful inhibitor of ascorbic acid biosynthesis, and of cell growth and cell division, including antitumor activity in animal and human cell lines [40, 41]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":342414379,"citingcorpusid":5079530,"citedcorpusid":195684998,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The alkaloids in plants of the Amaryllidaceae family possess useful pharmacological properties [2].","Other bioactive compounds accumulated in the studied populations were hippeastrine (antifeedant activity), homolycorine and 8-O-demethylhomolycorine (cytotoxic and hypotensive activities), lycorine (cytotoxic and emetic activities), haemanthamine and many of its derivatives (cytotoxic activity), and galanthamine and its derivatives (AChE inhibitors, non-reversible AChE inhibitors are employed as pesticides) [2] [36]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3835843222,"citingcorpusid":9702787,"citedcorpusid":40258149,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Superior knowledge-sharing mechanisms between buyers, suppliers and manufacturers are able to out-innovate and out-perform less effective knowledge-sharing routines (Von Hippel 1988)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1906110669,"citingcorpusid":100257104,"citedcorpusid":98464352,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Therefore, various separation techniques such as gas chromatography,([5,6]) liquid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis([6,11,12]) have been used for this purpose."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1817323130,"citingcorpusid":88844777,"citedcorpusid":195684998,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Likewise, the cyanobacteria such as S.platensis, Microcystis, Anabaena, Nostoc and Oscillatoria produce a great variety of secondary metabolites (Moore 1996; Namikoshi and Rinehart, 1996; Gerwick et al., 2001), such as nitrogencontaining compounds, polyketides, lipopeptides, cyclic peptides."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":24263498,"citingcorpusid":35432958,"citedcorpusid":6053555,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some bacteria can move on surfaces by gliding [11], twitching [10], or swarming [1]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1944876058,"citingcorpusid":218516872,"citedcorpusid":204910928,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Zhang et al. (2018), Khan et al. (2020), and Mehmood et al. (2019) integrated MTL in the transformer-based networks (BERT), which is the state-of-the-art language representation model and demonstrated promising re-sults to extract biomedical entities from literature."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3966987208,"citingcorpusid":253123505,"citedcorpusid":218520973,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The absorbance results of our PtTe2 layers, grown on soda-lime glass substrates are comparable with PtTe2 layers grown on similar substrate (Willow Glass) [18].","In addition, the PtTe2 exhibit a variety of electrical, mechanical, thermal and catalytic properties [18-20] with a broad range of practical perspectives."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2212614956,"citingcorpusid":145357193,"citedcorpusid":144356094,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Priest and Gass (1997) indicated that this play stage (Mortlock, 1984) or exploration and experimentation stage (Priest & Baillie, 1987) of the adventure experience was important in developing peak experiences (Maslow, 1962) and a state of flow (Csikszentmihalyi, 1991)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2414642721,"citingcorpusid":95209412,"citedcorpusid":97818030,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In order to improve the high temperature activity and stability of the catalyst, the promoters (Cu, Al, Rh, Pd, Zn, Ir and Pt) effect on Ni metal were also investigated [20,21]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3648779620,"citingcorpusid":243877180,"citedcorpusid":25646327,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Compared with lipomas, liposarcomas are heterogeneous masses with heterogeneous contrast enhancement and thickened internal septa and nodules of non-adipose tissue may be detected on T1-weighted and fluid-sensitive MRI sequences [5,8-11]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":583380469,"citingcorpusid":55753837,"citedcorpusid":3254446,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Conversely, cachexia, the wasting seen in terminal cancer patients, seems to depend partially on IL-6 release[73, 74]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3773839823,"citingcorpusid":204527998,"citedcorpusid":145352391,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It’s just that normative beliefs are best understood as desire-like states (Blackburn 1993, 1998; Gibbard 2003; Yalcin 2012). For further discussion of the quasi-realist notion of belief, see Ridge (2006a); Köhler (2017). (2)For versions of this ‘Argument from Motivation’ for noncognitivism, see Blackburn (1998: 61); Stevenson (1937: 16); Gibbard (2003: chp.7). For critical discussion, see Svavarsdóttir (1999). (3)See Schroeder (2008b: 715-716; 2010: 84; 2013b: 414-415). See also Shiller (2017).","It’s just that normative beliefs are best understood as desire-like states (Blackburn 1993, 1998; Gibbard 2003; Yalcin 2012). For further discussion of the quasi-realist notion of belief, see Ridge (2006a); Köhler (2017).","For example, both Blackburn (1996, 1998) and Gibbard (2003) have argued that noncognitivists can make sense of a ‘No Defeaters’ condition on knowledge.","The standard strategy— developed in detail by Blackburn (1993, 1998) and embraced by Gibbard (2003)—is to appeal to a minimalist theory of truth.","For example, both Blackburn (1996, 1998) and Gibbard (2003) have argued that noncognitivists can make sense of a ‘No Defeaters’ condition on knowledge. To illustrate with Blackburn’s version of this idea: to say that S’s belief is immune to defeat is to say that no improvement in S’s epistemic position would result in S abandoning her belief—where the notion of ‘improvement’ is also understood as the expression of a conative attitude. See also Moss (2013), who argues that expressivists can make room for modal conditions on knowledge, such as safety and sensitivity.","It’s just that normative beliefs are best understood as desire-like states (Blackburn 1993, 1998; Gibbard 2003; Yalcin 2012). For further discussion of the quasi-realist notion of belief, see Ridge (2006a); Köhler (2017). (2)For versions of this ‘Argument from Motivation’ for noncognitivism, see Blackburn (1998: 61); Stevenson (1937: 16); Gibbard (2003: chp.7). For critical discussion, see Svavarsdóttir (1999). (3)See Schroeder (2008b: 715-716; 2010: 84; 2013b: 414-415).","It’s just that normative beliefs are best understood as desire-like states (Blackburn 1993, 1998; Gibbard 2003; Yalcin 2012). For further discussion of the quasi-realist notion of belief, see Ridge (2006a); Köhler (2017). (2)For versions of this ‘Argument from Motivation’ for noncognitivism, see Blackburn (1998: 61); Stevenson (1937: 16); Gibbard (2003: chp."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1908692293,"citingcorpusid":216142569,"citedcorpusid":29656085,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Interestingly, despite the cortex generally being associated with cell bodies rather than connections 95% of connections in the brain are found in the cortex in the form of short-range connections (Braitenberg and Schüz 1998)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1908692292,"citingcorpusid":216142569,"citedcorpusid":27080384,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This method has previously been effectively applied in neuroimaging data (Alexander-Bloch et al. 2014)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3703173777,"citingcorpusid":247240684,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Table 1 [5, 8-41] provides a user-friendly interface that summarizes publications that can be accessed to gain further understanding of tumor dormancy mechanisms that are also cited in the discussion.","However, if these quiescent cells could be eradicated while dormant, this would be a new strategy to prevent metastasis in these dormant situations [41]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":807633311,"citingcorpusid":2110447,"citedcorpusid":5676443,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, flavonoids,[34] triterpenoids,[35] saponins[36] and alkaloids[37] are known to possess a hepatoprotective activity in animals."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2812054148,"citingcorpusid":25077975,"citedcorpusid":25028518,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For Editorial see page 957 What motivates a person to visit a healthcare specialist? Are the influences upon a patient's decision similar when seeking help from a traditional medical doctor versus a practitioner of alternative medicine? The answers to these questions have important economic [1,2], social [3,4] and medical [5,6] consequences."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":882584163,"citingcorpusid":10485441,"citedcorpusid":20826007,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Several other studies have evaluated risk factors for meniscus tears in ACL injuries before [27,28,25,29,30, 4,31-33,16,34-39,6,40,17].","It has been clearly demonstrated that the incidence of medial meniscus tears increases with delayed surgery whereas the incidence of lateral meniscus tears is independent of the time interval from injury to ACL reconstruction [27,33,16,32,34,31,35,36,38,6,40,17]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1524473938,"citingcorpusid":122648277,"citedcorpusid":120971461,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Basically, there are three missingness mechanisms (Rubin 1976; Schafer 1997): missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR), and missing not at random (MNAR)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1669723492,"citingcorpusid":122648277,"citedcorpusid":124725107,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For implementing the MI procedure, many different statistical methods are detailed in the literature (Tanner 1996; Enders 2010; Schafer 1997; Tan et al. 2010)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1524473976,"citingcorpusid":122648277,"citedcorpusid":129554545,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, only considering temporal correlations may cause the loss of spatial information (Ramos-Calzado et al. 2008).","Other significant works in the area are carried out by Junninen et al. (2004), Ramos-Calzado et al. (2008), Smith and Aretxabaleta (2007), Coulibaly and Evora (2007), Lucio et al. (2007), Lo Presti et al. (2010), Aly et al. (2009), Kalteh\nand Berndtsson (2007), and Kalteh and Hjorth (2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1493336933,"citingcorpusid":92818612,"citedcorpusid":16737617,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…compounds of essential oil could be effects of some factors, such as geographical location, the climate conditions, nature of the soil, harvest season, the parts of plant, the age of plant organs, and time of collecting (Ben Marzoug et al., 2011; El-Akhal et al., 2014; Pirbalouti et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1493337388,"citingcorpusid":92818612,"citedcorpusid":95778739,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It is distributed mainly in dry forests, thickets and on open slopes at an altitude of up to 1630 m above sea level, in India, China, Taiwan, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, South Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, the Philippinesand the Moluccas (Cho, 2012; Liu et al., 2014; Chen et al., 2015).","In Vietnam, it had been reported that the highest contens of the lead essential\nPeak# Compounds of the leaf essential oils of Z. avicennae R.Time SI Relative\nConc%\nMonoterpene\n1 1,8-Cineole 12.571 97 4.28\n2 α-Pinene 10.874 98 0.51\n3 α-Ocimene 12.7 96 0.48\n4 Estragol 15.013 85 87.13\n5 8 isopropylidenebicyclo 15.133 83 0.45\n6 Myrtenyl Acetate 16.038 97 0.65\nTotal of Monoterpene 93.50\nSesquiterpene\n7 β-elemene 16.704 91 1.18\nFenil Propanoid\n8 Eugenol 16.411 97 0.45\nOther Compounds\n9 Trans-Anethole 15.725 98 3.51\n10 1-para-menthen-8-yl acetate 16.242 94 0.55\n11 Isopiperitenone 15.654 79 0.62\nTotal of other compounds 5.13\nTotal compounds 99.81\nFigure 2.","DC leaves ( Rutaceae ) from Vietnam.","…of Z. avicennae [Karangean] extract and essential oil from different geographic regoins had been frequently reported, for example from Vietnam (Dai et al., 2012), and China (Cheng et al., 1990, Liu et al., 2014, Zhang et al., 2012, Lin et al., 2014, Zheng et al., 2015), but interestingly,…","While in Vietnam, people use a decoction of Z. avicennae [Karangean] stems in folk medicine as a digestive tonic (Dai et al., 2012).","(Dai et al., 2012).","The stem and leaf oil of Z. avicennae [Karangean] from Yunnan Province comprised 65.70% monoterpene and 33.45% sesquiterpene (Liu et al., 2014), while the leaf oil Z. avicennae [Karangean] from Nghean Province, Vietnam contained 44.3% monoterpene and 40.75% sesquiterpene (Dai et al., 2012).","Some previous research on the chemical contents of Z. avicennae [Karangean] extract and essential oil from different geographic regoins had been frequently reported, for example from Vietnam (Dai et al., 2012), and China (Cheng et al., 1990, Liu et al., 2014, Zhang et al., 2012, Lin et al., 2014, Zheng et al., 2015), but interestingly, most of the chemical compositions found were significantly different."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":2056023552,"citingcorpusid":143461689,"citedcorpusid":143539574,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Whereas Horan et al. (2012) used Mehrabian to conceptually and operationally define emotional responses from students, Titsworth et al. (2010) defined emotional responses as students’ perceptions of emotional support from the instructor, emotion work required in the class, and the overall…","Although recent studies have expanded ERT (see Horan et al., 2012; Titsworth et al., 2010), various questions remain concerning the nature of emotional responses from students*the middle, and arguably, key step in the theory.","One explanation claimed, ‘‘Students experience one of three emotional responses to teacher communication’’ (Horan et al., 2012, p. 211) by using Mehrabian’s (1981) descriptions of pleasure, arousal, and dominance."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2504961556,"citingcorpusid":161881738,"citedcorpusid":4404755,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(Hoffman 2011: 30)\nIn the perspective Bataille and Herzog present, poetry stands as a key to establishing human value and reason.","Regarding the Chauvet cave art, Herzog has commented, “This is the modern human\nTime and Mind Volume 5—Issue 1—March 2012, pp. 33–52\nsoul emerging vigorously, almost in an explosive event” (Hoffman 2011: 30)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":421106855,"citingcorpusid":1084577,"citedcorpusid":17137028,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Indeed, the documented cases of Chicago (1995) or Athens (1987) both showed a return to usual mortality values three days after the decrease in temperature (Besancenot 2002).","From a geographical point of view, this value is also consistent with the upper bound of some minimum mortality ranges estimated in Europe with 22.0 °C in the Baden Wurttemberg, and 25.7 °C in Athens ( Keatinge et al. 2000 ).","…mean temperatures corresponding to a minimal mortality centred around 20 °C to 25 °C in southern Europe, 16.5 °C in the Netherlands, around 15.8 °C in North Finland, and from 26 °C to 29 °C in Taiwan (Alderson 1985; Kunst et al. 1993; Mackenbach et al. 1993; Pan et al. 1995; Keatinge et al. 2000).","From a geographical point of view, this value is also consistent with the upper bound of some minimum mortality ranges estimated in Europe with 22.0 °C in the Baden Württemberg, and 25.7 °C in Athens (Keatinge et al. 2000).","A number of studies have shown that the relation between environmental temperature (where more often than not the mean is taken, but the use of minima or maxima does not induce major changes) and mortality shows, roughly speaking, a U, V, or a J-shape (Curriero et al. 2002), with a range of mean temperatures corresponding to a minimal mortality centred around 20 °C to 25 °C in southern Europe, 16.5 °C in the Netherlands, around 15.8 °C in North Finland, and from 26 °C to 29 °C in Taiwan (Alderson 1985; Kunst et al. 1993; Mackenbach et al. 1993; Pan et al. 1995; Keatinge et al. 2000).","... but the use of minima or maxima does not induce major changes) and mortality shows, roughly speaking, a U, V, or a J-shape (Curriero et al. 2002), with a range of mean temperatures corresponding to a minimal mortality centred around 20 °C to 25 °C in southern Europe, 16.5 °C in the Netherlands, around 15.8 °C in North Finland, and from 26 °C to 29 °C in Taiwan (Alderson 1985; Kunst et al. 1993; Mackenbach et al. ..."],"intents":[null,["result"],["background"],["result"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3502939206,"citingcorpusid":237749143,"citedcorpusid":35747434,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thus, in settings undergoing culture change, recreation and leisure practitioners are encouraged to work collaboratively with residents, team members, and family (Dupuis et al., 2012a; Rahman & Schnelle, 2008).","…culture change processes vary from organization to organization, the ultimate aim is the development and implementation of key reforms in order ‘to create caring communities\nwhere both empowered front-line staff and [LTC residents and families] can flourish’ (Rahman & Schnelle, 2008, pp. 142–143)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3420909558,"citingcorpusid":235279178,"citedcorpusid":52162850,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["However, after equal interval quantization, the calculating minimum entropy/bit of 5.9 for 8 bits sample is relatively small in the experiment by Raffaelli et al [10].","9 for 8 bits sample is relatively small in the experiment by Raffaelli et al [10].","In recent years, the vacuum fluctuation QRNG [10] by using the homodyne detector integrated in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) has been experimentally realized."],"intents":[null,["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3502938772,"citingcorpusid":237749143,"citedcorpusid":144265900,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", Anderson & Heyne, 2012; Hood & Carruthers, 2016), there may still be a tendency for TR practitioners to adopt medical and clinical approaches to practice in efforts to garner greater respect and legitimacy (Mobily et al., 2015; Reid et al., 2013) within the healthcare sector.","As a profession, TR has had a longstanding struggle to be accepted as credible and valid within healthcare settings (Genoe & Whyte, 2015; Loy et al., 2021; Mobily et al., 2015; Reid et al., 2013).","…models (e.g., Anderson & Heyne, 2012; Hood & Carruthers, 2016), there may still be a tendency for TR practitioners to adopt medical and clinical approaches to practice in efforts to garner greater respect and legitimacy (Mobily et al., 2015; Reid et al., 2013) within the healthcare sector."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1708757233,"citingcorpusid":203131634,"citedcorpusid":100932037,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Thus, the carboxylate groups at this pH (zeta potential = ‐24 3) have more negative charges leading to more attraction to the positively charged metal ions, while at the pH value of 2, the hydroxyl groups of alginate become protonated causing a decrease in the efficiency of the adsorption of Ni and Co onto M-AlgNPs [19, 20]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3925312107,"citingcorpusid":154610365,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Self-guided heritage trails such as the Ping Shan Heritage Trail and Lung Yeuk Tau Heritage Trail (Cheung, 1999, 2001), as well as the sightseeing Land between Tour (Okano and Wong, 1997) have been developed for tourists to observe the ‘old China’.","The Heritage Tourism Task Force (HTTF) was set up by the HKTB in 1998 to formulate a strategy for heritage tourism promotion and it identified the need to review the potential of selected heritage sites for tourism use (Planning Department, 2002).","Such a marketing strategy mainly focuses on shopping, entertainment, events and modern and westernised attractions (Henderson, 2001), and thus has been criticised (Lui, 2001; Okano and Wong, 1997) for neglecting the scenic natural beauty and ‘things Chinese’.","The Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB), formerly Hong Kong Tourist Association,\nhas promoted Hong Kong as ‘a sophisticated city of skyscrapers and neon lights’ to the global tourism market ever since its first establishment in 1957.","Only recently have some scholars (Cheung 1999, 2001; McKercher and Du Cros, 2002; Okano and Wong, 1997) realised the importance of assessing the tourism potential of heritage assets in the city.","Its activities include taking study and/or cultural tours, travelling to festivals and other cultural events, visiting monuments and appreciating folklore or arts (Apostolakis, 2003; World Tourism Organisation, 1985; Zeppel and Hall, 1992).","A case study is adopted to investigate the single surname villages in the New Territories (see Figure 1) where the ‘Land Between [Heritage] Tour’ (LBT) is especially promoted by HKTB.","According to many (Brunt and Courtney, 1999; Goulding, 1999; Graham et al., 2000; Halewood and Hannam, 2001; Hewison, 1987; Williams, 1998; Zeppel and Hall, 1992), nostalgia\nPage 322\nTourism and Hospitality Research, Vol. 5, No. 4, 2005, pp. 322–345 # Henry Stewart Publications, 1742–9692\noffers a sense of security and stability."],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],null,["background"],null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":1208113214,"citingcorpusid":125789032,"citedcorpusid":37779364,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["M. W. Korolkiewicz and R. J. Elliott.","In fact, this\n28\nassumption leads to the filter-based cohort approach proposed in Korolkiewicz and Elliott [2008].","This is a nontrivial extension of the work of Elliott [1993] and of Elliott and Malcolm [2008].","The proof follows similar arguments as in [Elliott, 1993, Thm 3]: we use the fact that the process 𝐿 is a (P*,G) martingale so that a version of Theorem 3.1 applies with 𝑌𝑟 = 𝐿𝑟 𝛼𝑌 = 0, 𝛾𝑌𝑟 = 𝐿𝑟⟨𝑔, 𝑋𝑟⟩, 𝛽𝑌 = 0, 𝛿𝑌𝑟 = 𝐿𝑟(⟨𝜆, 𝑋𝑟⟩ℎ𝑟(𝐷) − 1), 𝑍 a Brownian motion and 𝐷𝑡 −…","(11)\nCombining the Girsanov theorem for point processes (see [Brémaud, 1981, pg 166, Theorem T3]) with the likelihood function given in Elliott [1993] gives that the full-information log-likelihood equals\n𝐿(𝜃, 𝜃′) = 𝐾∑︁\n𝑗,𝑘=1𝑗 ̸=𝑘\n(︁ 𝑁 𝑗𝑘𝑇 log 𝑎 𝑘𝑗 − 𝑎𝑘𝑗𝐽𝑗𝑇 )︁ + 𝐾∑︁\n𝑗=1\n(︂ 𝑔𝑗𝐺𝑗𝑇 − 1 2(𝑔 𝑗)2𝐽𝑗𝑇 )︂\n+ 𝐾∑︁\n𝑗=1\n(︁ log(𝜆𝑗)𝐵𝑗𝑇 − 𝜆 𝑗𝐶𝑗𝑇 )︁ + 𝑅(𝜃′),\nwhere 𝑅(𝜃′) is independent of 𝜃.","R. J. Elliott.","166, Theorem T3]) with the likelihood function given in [9] gives that the full-information log-likelihood equals","For further examples of hidden Markov models in finance we refer to the interesting collections and R. J. Elliott [2007] and and R. J. Elliott [2014].","In an important paper Elliott [1993] specializes these results to a hidden Markov model observed in Gaussian noise.","As a remedy [9] proposes to derive filters for the product HtXt.","It is shown in the proof of [Elliott, 1993, Theorem 2] that\n∑︁ 0≤𝑠≤𝑡 (𝛽⊤𝑠 Δ𝑋𝑠)Δ𝑋𝑠 = 𝑡∫︁\n0\n𝐾∑︁ 𝑖,𝑗=1 ⟨𝛽𝑗𝑠𝑋𝑠 − 𝛽𝑖𝑠𝑋𝑠, 𝑒𝑖⟩𝑎𝑗𝑖(𝑒𝑗 − 𝑒𝑖) + 𝑀𝑡\n14\nfor some G-martingale 𝑀 .","Elliott and Malcolm [2008] finally study the EM algorithm for a Poisson process whose intensity is modulated by a finite-state Markov chain.","As a remedy Elliott [1993] proposes to derive filters for the product 𝐻𝑡𝑋𝑡.","R. J. Elliott and W. P. Malcolm.","Following the approach of James et al. [1996] and of Elliott and Malcolm [2008] we first define\nΠ𝑖𝑡 = exp {︂\n𝑔𝑖𝑍𝑡 − 1 2(𝑔\n𝑖)2𝑡 + (1 − ℎ𝑡(𝐷)𝜆𝑖)𝑡 + 𝐷𝑡 log(ℎ𝑡(𝐷)𝜆𝑖) }︂\nand we let\nΠ𝑡 = diag {︀ Π1𝑡 , . . . , Π𝐾𝑡 }︀ = exp {︂\nΓ𝑍𝑡 − 1 2Γ\n2𝑡 + (𝐼 − ℎ𝑡(𝐷)Λ)𝑡 + 𝐷𝑡Λ𝐿𝑡 }︂ ,\nwhere Λ𝐿𝑡 = diag {︀ log(ℎ𝑡(𝐷)𝜆1), . . . , log(ℎ𝑡(𝐷)𝜆𝐾) }︀\n.","In an important paper [9] specializes these results to a hiddenMarkovmodel observed in Gaussian noise.","The easiest approach to discretize the ODE for 𝜎𝑡 is to use a simple explicit Euler scheme, see also Elliott and Malcolm [2008][Section D].","This is a nontrivial extension of the work of Elliott [9] and of Elliott and Malcolm [11].","A discrete-time hidden Markov model for rating transitions was estimated via the EM approach by Korolkiewicz and Elliott [2008]; spread data were not considered in their analysis.","The proof follows similar arguments as in [Elliott, 1993, Thm 3]: we use the fact that the process 𝐿 is a (P*,G) martingale so that a version of Theorem 3.1 applies with 𝑌𝑟 = 𝐿𝑟 𝛼𝑌 = 0, 𝛾𝑌𝑟 = 𝐿𝑟⟨𝑔, 𝑋𝑟⟩, 𝛽𝑌 = 0, 𝛿𝑌𝑟 = 𝐿𝑟(⟨𝜆, 𝑋𝑟⟩ℎ𝑟(𝐷) − 1), 𝑍 a Brownian motion and 𝐷𝑡 − 𝑡 a martingale."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":3147466729,"citingcorpusid":226205349,"citedcorpusid":212458092,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…teeth In non-contaminated root canals, cementoid tissue is formed in PRF treatment while fibrous tissue is seen in calcium hydroxide treatment El Nasser et al. (2019)\nIn vivo L-PRF Enhanced vascularization and increased number of odontoblast-like cells in L-PRF treated groups compared to blood…"],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":3216462326,"citingcorpusid":226258217,"citedcorpusid":33443268,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Patch clamp recordings were performed from hair cells within the 9–12 kHz region of the cochlear apical coil (Müller et al. 2005)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3825866102,"citingcorpusid":250454096,"citedcorpusid":33443268,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This approach was used to determine the extent and pattern of cell loss along the cochlear length mapped as a “cytocochleogram” [18, 39, 40].","A mouse place-frequency map [39, 40, 55] was then used to divide the cytocochleograms into low- (≤8 kHz) and high-frequency (>8 kHz) ranges."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":857202718,"citingcorpusid":581237,"citedcorpusid":33443268,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…Organ of Corti–apex x x x x Organ of Corti– base x x x x IHCs–apex x x x IHCs– base x x x OHCs–apex x OHCs– base x\nchanges from P21 to P35 (Müller, 1991a,b; Müller et al., 2005), we explored whether alternations occurred in ion-channel expression during this final maturation age that could…","Expression of Kcnq4 alternative splice variants in P21 mouse cochlea\nTissue\nKcnq4 variant\nv1 v2 v3 v4\nSpiral ganglion–apex x x x x Spiral ganglion– base x x x x Organ of Corti–apex x x x x Organ of Corti– base x x x x IHCs–apex x x x IHCs– base x x x OHCs–apex x OHCs– base x\nchanges from P21 to P35 (Müller, 1991a,b; Müller et al., 2005), we explored whether alternations occurred in ion-channel expression during this final maturation age that could establish a stable and static expression pattern in older mice.","No apparent changes were observed in the Kcnq4 expression patterns between P21 and P35 cochlea, except by P35 when the IHCs in the apical tip had obtained the adult pattern of KCNQ4 expression.","changes from P21 to P35 (Müller, 1991a,b; Müller et al., 2005), we explored whether alternations occurred in ion-channel expression during this final maturation age that could establish a stable and static expression pattern in older mice.","At P21, all hair cells, except those in the apical tip, had acquired the adult pattern that was fully obtained by P35."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":1101001693,"citingcorpusid":145482681,"citedcorpusid":144168941,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The juggling of multiple roles which straddle both their professional and personal worlds becomes an ongoing negotiated space of conflicting responsibilities and allegiances with increased potential for ethical dilemmas (Hargrove, 1986; Fertman, Dotson, Mazzocco & Reitz, 2005; McAuliffe, 2005a).","The ethical dilemmas of dual relationships in rural practice have been documented in psychology (Campbell & Gordon, 2003; Hargrove, 1986) and social work (Chenoweth & Stehlik, 2001; Chenoweth, 2004; Martinez-Brawley, 2000; McAuliffe, 2005b)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":446713536,"citingcorpusid":11585612,"citedcorpusid":27300590,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1983), as well as on histological considerations (Ghosh 1997; Hassler and Muhs-Clement 1964; Myasnikov et al. 1994)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1578011609,"citingcorpusid":84409116,"citedcorpusid":98524339,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…connector, phenylene and methylene spacer, and an ammonium group as the cationic head (Kunitake et al., 1980) were examined for their physicochemical properties and the efficiency of the synthetic amphiphiles in gene transfer into the mammalian cultured cells (Akao et al., 1991; Akao & Ito, 1997)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3504451621,"citingcorpusid":237868507,"citedcorpusid":111070655,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Bullough’s study covered pulsed light from 50 Hz to 300 Hz, finding that lower duty cycle was associated with higher discomfort (Bullough et al. 2011).","© 2021 Illuminating Engineering Society\nBullough et al. 2011; Chaveznava-Treviño et al. 2018; Dai et al. 2017; Menozzi et al. 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1634129593,"citingcorpusid":205153094,"citedcorpusid":407816,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Human African trypanosomiasis is considered a lethal disease without treatment, although individual cases of possible spontaneous infection clearance have been reported (Checchi et al., 2008a).","The mean total disease duration has been estimated as 3 years (Checchi et al., 2008b)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3898236998,"citingcorpusid":251606607,"citedcorpusid":49584064,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…Datangpo Formation (r 2opt = 0.215, P = 0.0355, 2,000 simulations, Figure S3 in Supporting Information S1) and Dales Gorge Member (r 2opt = 0.087, P = 0.039, 2,000 simulations, Figure S4 in Supporting Information S1) (P is the null hypothesis confidence level defined in Meyers, 2015).","In order to confirm that these cyclostratigraphic sequences preserved astronomical signals, we carry out hypothesis testing with Time Scale Optimization (TimeOpt), which is a statistical method for astrochronology reliability testing and time scale optimization (Meyers, 2015)."],"intents":[null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3538898629,"citingcorpusid":238861797,"citedcorpusid":2294184,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These results were similar to the report in humans (TSS: 15–20%, gene body: 60–75%) (Gao et al., 2014), in pigs (TSS: 15–25%, gene body: 65–75%) (Fu et al."],"intents":[["result"]]}
{"citationid":1088238742,"citingcorpusid":62809798,"citedcorpusid":25811638,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It has been suggested that the renal dyslipoproteinemia of renal insufficiency contributes to the progression of glomerular and tubular lesions [160, 161, 168].","The presence of small dense, triglyceride-enriched particles associated with reduced high density lipoprotein is also a major risk factor involved in cardiovascular disease [161-163]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4104857328,"citingcorpusid":258429059,"citedcorpusid":12781822,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In accordance, previous studies have reported that an excess of extracellular water was associated with the development of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among older adults (4, 18, 19).","During the development of CVD, subtle changes in body water may occur that, as suggested earlier, maybe the first sign of future increased risk of CVD (4), and changes, especially an increase in extracellular body water, as measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), were suggested as a simple and easy to measure early prognostic marker to identify individuals in need of CVD prevention intervention (4)."],"intents":[["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1963649996,"citingcorpusid":85515085,"citedcorpusid":8594711,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Van Buyten E, Höfte M. 2013.","Several species of the genus Pythium have been found to be pathogenic on a wide range of hosts, including plants, animals, and human beings (Van der Plaats-Niterink 1981; Czeczuga et al. 2005; Kawamura et al. 2005; Hwang et al. 2009; Li et al. 2010; Weiland et al. 2012; Ho 2013).","None of these groups of isolates were similar to the described species according to various identification keys (Van der Plaats-Niterink 1981; Dick 1990) or phylogenetic analysis together with known species.","Several species with ornamented oogonia also develop smooth oogonia (e.g., P. irregulare Buisman and some related species) (Van der Plaats-Niterink 1981).","Pythium oligandrum differs from\nP. heteroogonium by contiguous sporangia with intercalary, occasionally terminal and irregular aggregates (Van der Plaats-Niterink 1981).","Production of branched, lobulated to digitate elements of sporangia, and up to four antheridia per oogonium, separates P. periplocum from P. heteroogonium (Van der PlaatsNiterink 1981).","Oogonia with hypogynous antheridia and the lack of sporangia and zoospores also differentiate P. hydnosporum from P. heteroogonium (Van der PlaatsNiterink 1981).","…P. dissotocum Drechsler, P. elongatum Matthews, P. myriotylum Drechsler, and P. spinosum Sawada (Hendrix and Campbell 1973; Hsieh 1978; Ventura et al. 1981; Chun and Schneider 1998; Zhu 2002; Eberle et al. 2007; Kreye et al. 2009; Oliva et al. 2010; Banaay et al. 2012; Van Buyten and Höfte 2013).","Although no antheridia or zoospore formation has been reported for P. amasculinum, this species produces inflated sporangia and hyphal swellings (Van der Plaats-Niterink 1981), whereas no formation of such asexual structures is observed in P. heteroogonium.","Some species of this cosmopolitan oomycete are considered to be important pathogens of rice seedlings, e.g., P. arrhenomanes Drechsler, P. dissotocum Drechsler, P. elongatum Matthews, P. myriotylum Drechsler, and P. spinosum Sawada (Hendrix and Campbell 1973; Hsieh 1978; Ventura et al. 1981; Chun and Schneider 1998; Zhu 2002; Eberle et al. 2007; Kreye et al. 2009; Oliva et al. 2010; Banaay et al. 2012; Van Buyten and Höfte 2013).","Production of globose to subglobose sporangia in P. acanthicum differentiates this species from P. heteroogonium (Van der Plaats-Niterink 1981).","Van der Plaats-Niterink AJ.","The existence of dendroid to rectangular sporangia, origination of antheridia from oogonial stalk, and formation of oogonia in small groups separate P. aquatile from P. longipapillum (Van der PlaatsNiterink 1981)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":3392590682,"citingcorpusid":236323871,"citedcorpusid":228102225,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Nevertheless Pintori et al. (2021) have carried out an important research of this type for the central sector of the study area, analyzing the relationship between precipitation and minor seismicity in the time period 2010–2019."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2639559716,"citingcorpusid":25115687,"citedcorpusid":25125591,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["T. spiralis-infected Stat-6x/x mice, which exhibit impaired IL-4 and IL-13 signalling, have reduced goblet cell and mast cell hyperplasia, and show a delayed expulsion of the worms (Urban et al. 2000; Khan et al. 2001a, c).","2001) and, more specifically, on the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 (Urban et al. 2000; Helmby and Grencis, 2002; McDermott et al. 2005; Dehlawi et al. 2006; Scales et al. 2007).","Trichinella spiralis-induced MMC and goblet cell hyperplasia is dependent on mucosal T cells (Kamal et al. 2001) and, more specifically, on the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 (Urban et al. 2000; Helmby and Grencis, 2002; McDermott et al. 2005; Dehlawi et al. 2006; Scales et al. 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":2639560291,"citingcorpusid":25115687,"citedcorpusid":20807648,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Intestinal trefoil factor or trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is goblet cell specific, and the transcriptional elements responsible for goblet cell expression have been elucidated in the rat (Itoh et al. 1999; Iwakiri and Podolsky 2001)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2639559732,"citingcorpusid":25115687,"citedcorpusid":45562205,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Studies in our laboratory have also established a central role for the multifunctional cytokine TGF-b1 in the differentiation and function of MMC (Miller et al. 1999; Knight et al. 2002; Wright et al. 2002; Brown et al. 2003, 2004; Miller et al. 2006; Pemberton et al. 2006a)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3311788290,"citingcorpusid":25115687,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Artis et al. (2004a) went on to demonstrate that recombinant RELMb binds to components of the nematode chemosensory apparatus of T. muris, and inhibited Strongyloides stercoralis chemotaxis in vitro.","…is downregulated by IL-12 (Khan et al. 2001b), while IL-27, which acts through the WSX-1 receptor and is structurally and functionally similar to IL-12, is a negative regulator of Th2 type responses and both goblet and mast cell hyperplasia in Trichuris muris infection (Artis et al. 2004b).","Their studies demonstrated that maximal expression of RELMb was coincident with both worm expulsion and the production of Th2-type cytokines (Artis et al. 2004a).","Investigations in vitro using the goblet cell-like intestinal epithelial cell line LS174T supported the in vivo data, showing that RELMb mRNA was induced by recombinant Il-4 or IL-13 but inhibited by IFNc (Artis et al. 2004a).","These transcripts were absent or increased at significantly lower levels in T. muris-infected AKR mice, a strain susceptible to infection by this nematode (Artis et al. 2004a ; Datta et al. 2005).","Simultaneously, Artis et al. (2004a) demonstrated that RELMb is induced in the intestine not only by\nT. spiralis but also by N. brasiliensis and T. muris.","Similarly, RELM-b exhibited increased levels of transcription on treatment of the human LS174T line with IL-4 and IL-13, in accordance with previous observations by Artis et al. (2004a).","Goblet cells enlarge and release mucus (Miller, 1987; Miller et al. 2006) as well as the novel peptides intelectin 2 and RELMb (Artis et al. 2004a ; Pemberton et al. 2004a, b ; Miller et al. 2006) (Fig.","Transcripts for Mcpt-1, ITLN-2, CLCA-3 and RELMb, were also highly\nupregulated in the large intestine of BALB/c mice infected with T. muris (see Artis et al. 2004a ; Datta et al. 2005; Artis, 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1710554479,"citingcorpusid":26999854,"citedcorpusid":120861521,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Many engineering applications, such as trajectory planning for spacecraft [6] and robotic manipulators [8], continuous casting of steel [9], etc."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":944584025,"citingcorpusid":16648521,"citedcorpusid":84677101,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Mediterranean-type areas, germination proceeds once suitable moisture conditions occur, most commonly following autumn rains and until spring (Keeley 1991; Espigares and Peco 1993; Bell et al. 1993; Quintana et al. 2004).","…Chamorro e-mail: Daniel.Chamorro@uclm.es B. Luna e-mail: Belen.Luna@uclm.es\nMediterranean-type areas, germination proceeds once suitable moisture conditions occur, most commonly following autumn rains and until spring (Keeley 1991; Espigares and Peco 1993; Bell et al. 1993; Quintana et al. 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":944583671,"citingcorpusid":16648521,"citedcorpusid":34120783,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This has been documented in a number of studies in different environments and for various plant functional types (Cavieres and Arroyo 2001; Pendleton and Meyer 2004; Mondoni et al. 2008; Giménez-Benavides and Milla 2013).","This has been documented in a number of studies in different environments and for various plant functional types (Cavieres and Arroyo 2001; Pendleton and Meyer 2004; Mondoni et al. 2008; Giménez-Benavides and Milla 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1164592085,"citingcorpusid":165817678,"citedcorpusid":24380698,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["De surcroit, ce raisonnement connait deux limites de taille : la première est l’absence de cohérence de cette association : s’il existait un lien de causalité, l’incidence et la prévalence de la schizophrénie aurait dû augmenter (370,371), au vu de l’augmentation importante de la prévalence de l’usage de cannabis chez les jeunes depuis 30 ans, mais aucune étude n’a pu mettre en évidence un tel phénomène, observant une stabilité, voire une diminution de la prévalence de la schizophrénie (372–374)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1164596566,"citingcorpusid":165817678,"citedcorpusid":2812041,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Cela pourrait représenter un espoir dans de nombreux cancers : leucémies lymphoïdes(185), les gliomes et les gliobalastomes(178,183,186,187) ainsi que dans divers adénome et adénocarcinomes (poumon sein, foie, vésicule, colon, pancréas, utérus, prostate, testicule, peau) (49,180–182,184,188–190)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1581329042,"citingcorpusid":165817678,"citedcorpusid":16717288,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Une méta-analyse récente (410) fait le point sur le sujet en situation réelle : selon les auteurs, «la consommation aiguë de cannabis double presque le risque d'une collision entraînant des blessures graves ou la mort ; cette augmentation a été la plus évidente pour les études de haute qualité, les études cas-témoins et les études de collisions mortelles."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1164598316,"citingcorpusid":165817678,"citedcorpusid":32761229,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["En revanche, on observe une nette efficacité clinique du cannabis dans le syndrome e Gilles de la Tourette, déficience cognitive associée (231, 232), ce qui s’avère prometteur dans le cadre de cette pathologie orpheline."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":333785426,"citingcorpusid":9303178,"citedcorpusid":28621115,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Méchin et al. (2004) reported that almost 10% (60 spots out of 632 excised spots) of the spots contained crosscontamination in maize seeds.","In maize seeds, isoforms represented 71% of the identified proteins, with one protein being present as 26 isoforms (Méchin et al., 2004).","Leaves were observed to grow faster in well-watered Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines than in Chardonnay, particularly at later developmental stages."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":125349747,"citingcorpusid":215267,"citedcorpusid":14250930,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…X3C is trivial to solve for m = 1 For the hardness proofs for several candidate control cases in Section 3.3 and one case of voter control in Section 3.4, we will use a restricted version of the NP-complete problem Hitting Set (see, e.g., Garey and Johnson [41]), which is defined as follows: Given"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2236458283,"citingcorpusid":152001142,"citedcorpusid":220449803,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["2008), as well as thinking and reasoning that is geared towards achievement of epistemic aims, such as attaining truth, justification, or understanding (Chinn and Rinehart 2016)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1125792547,"citingcorpusid":148301034,"citedcorpusid":42700343,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["While the evidence suggests that better maintained neighbourhoods with more green spaces and walkable destinations are associated with better wellbeing among residents, we raise caution as to the quality and specificity of the currently available evidence, particularly in Australia.","Only five of these studies were conducted in Australia.","Four out of twenty-five studies in this theme were conducted in Australia.","We then address to what extent the evidence stacks up against each of the research questions in the Discussion section, with particular reference to the challenges of identifying convincing (i.e. causal) context effects, before concluding with some comments on the implications of this Evidence Check for policy and what remains to be understood; that is, the priorities for future research on the built environment and wellbeing in Australia.","Only five studies examining this theme were conducted in Australia.","Only 11 studies were conducted in Australia.","Only three studies of this type were set in Australia.","(32, 35, 36)\nOnly one of these studies was conducted in Australia.","these studies were conducted in Australia.(29, 33, 60-62)","Of the 25 studies reviewed four were conducted in Australia.","Of 11 studies assessing how the built environment might influence wellbeing via increases in physical activity and/or social capital, only three were conducted in Australia.","Green space quality is an under-researched area, especially in Australia.","THE EFFECT OF URBAN FORM ON WELLBEING | SAX INSTITUTE 21 colleagues(61) study in Perth and Ziersch and colleagues(60) study in Adelaide found similar results for","A third weakness of the literature which is of specific interest for Australian health policy is that only 11 of the studies reviewed were conducted in Australia.","Three of these studies were conducted in Australia."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null,["result"],null,null]}
{"citationid":430849668,"citingcorpusid":32706215,"citedcorpusid":42700343,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The median (first to third quartile) number of participants in the areas was 115 (102-126) women and 86 (72-94) men."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1535484379,"citingcorpusid":68154387,"citedcorpusid":42700343,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["1999), local area studies tend not to support this finding (Mohan et al. 2005; Veenstra et al. 2005; Ziersch et al. 2005)."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":1932550422,"citingcorpusid":217017041,"citedcorpusid":42700343,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Cross-sectional studies have found perceptions of insecurity to have detrimental effects on health (Chandola 2001; Pearson and Breetzke 2014; Ross 1993; Ziersch et al. 2005) and psychological well-being (Roberts et al. 2012; Whitley and Prince 2005).","Epidemiological studies (Browning, Cagney, and Iveniuk 2012; Chandola 2001; Ross and Mirowsky 2001; Stafford, Chandola, and Marmot 2007; Pearson and Breetzke 2014; Ziersch et al. 2005) regarded fear of crime as the independent variable and health as the dependent variable.","Cross-sectional studies have found perceptions of insecurity to have detrimental effects on health (Chandola 2001; Pearson and Breetzke 2014; Ross 1993; Ziersch et al. 2005) and psychological well-being (Roberts et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4012713440,"citingcorpusid":40107664,"citedcorpusid":67435733,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Then, segmentation algorithms and methods are employed to discriminate each interesting part of the image [19, 28, 34, 44]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3956659689,"citingcorpusid":252820529,"citedcorpusid":154819860,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["18 As a result, modern governance models tend to be built frameworks that recognise the importance of risk-management based approaches Sinclair (1997), varying in their degree of quantitative formalism."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":467308558,"citingcorpusid":21534893,"citedcorpusid":24394728,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated high levels of sequence similarity (> 95%) with environmental clones from subsurface thermal springs in the Austrian Alps (Weidler et al., 2007) and water in deep South African mines (Takai et al.","Interestingly, the Tramway Ridge signatures demonstrated a very high sequence homology to Crenarchaeota isolated from subsurface radioactive thermal springs in Bad Gastein, Austria (Weidler et al., 2007) and water in deep South African gold mines (Takai et al.","Water from the springs at Bad Gastein is over 3000 years old and without any ‘modern day’ influences it provides an opportunity to explore microbes from ancient and extreme subterranean realms (Weidler et al., 2007)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":46474617,"citingcorpusid":14503903,"citedcorpusid":41053045,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["While the LRES has slightly similar idea with this model in embedding local elements in the contour, the authors [31]-[32] embed local energy measure on neighbourhood along both sides of the contour."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":4111655406,"citingcorpusid":258715302,"citedcorpusid":53108294,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Significant progress has also been made among asynchronous BFT protocols, including HoneyBadger BFT [41], BEAT [15], Dumbo [27], Speeding-Dumbo [26], and Narwhal and Tusk [14]; yet, achieving strong security, low latency, and high throughput simultaneously remains a challenge [22]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3181315463,"citingcorpusid":59315222,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Visualization tools have been developed following a pipeline model first introduced by Haber and McNabb [1990].","Charters et al. [2004] present an architecture for distributed visualization based on web services that maps each stage of the pipeline as proposed by Haber and McNabb [1990] into a separate web service (see Figure 3.1).","Weiskopf [Weiskopf, 2006] presents an abstract visualization pipeline that is a modification of the original visualization pipeline introduced by Haber and McNabb [Haber and McNabb, 1990]."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3515493311,"citingcorpusid":238209361,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["On the contrary, the elderly with low education levels and poor mental health status prefer to live with families and have a strong psychological dependence on their children [16, 17]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1036535754,"citingcorpusid":94186985,"citedcorpusid":120548217,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Even with these techniques, it has been pointed out in previous work that the size of reduced mechanisms for practical hydrocarbon fuel surrogates is still too large to be used directly in Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) with finite-rate chemistry [66].","Joint PDF of n-C7H16 source term, ω̇C7H16 , normalized, in the direction normal to the isoterm T = Tpeak, by its value on this isoterm vs. temperature for the unity Lewis number (b) and the non-unity Lewis number DNS (c).","97\n5.6 Contours of hydrogen mass fraction and temperature on a two-dimensional vertical\nslice of the DNS case D [10]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98\n5.7 Conditional mean hydrogen mass fraction profiles as a function of temperature for the\nDNS cases A through D and unstretched laminar flames with full transport and unity Lewis numbers.","DNS from Aspden et al. [10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99\n5.8 Hydrogen mass fraction profiles as a function of temperature for flamelets with full\ntransport and constant Lewis numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .","Before the characterization and the modeling can be achieved, the DNS need to be performed within reasonable computational time.","106\n5.12 Effective Lewis number for H2 versus turbulent Reynolds number obtained by L2-\nnorm minimization from the DNS where only H2 (black circles) or all Lewis numbers (red triangles) are modified in the flamelet simulations (three instantaneous snapshots separated by several eddy turnover times for each case). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109\nxvii\n5.13 Comparison of the effective Lewis number for H2 versus Karlovitz number for three\ndifferent models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114\n5.14 Conditional mean (solid line) of the n-C7H16 (top left), C2H4 (top right), and CO2\n(bottom) mass fraction vs. temperature.","[32] and it was shown that the second- and third-order structure functions and the energy spectrum are self-consistent and in agreement with experimentally obtained data [126] of decaying grid turbulence.","However, these methods require significant computational efforts to conduct chemical Jacobian decomposition and mode separation [66], which makes them not suited for the DNS of multi-dimensional reacting flows.","DNS from Aspden et al. [10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .","The unity Lewis number flamelet solution is also shown (dashed line). . . . . . . . . . 93\n5.3 Flamelet solutions of the H2 mass fraction vs. temperature with varying diffusivity\ncoefficients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94\nxvi\n5.4 Joint PDF and conditional mean (solid line) of the C2H4 mass fraction vs. temperature\nfrom the non-unity Lewis number DNS.","For instance, an explicit time-integration scheme, along with QSS assumptions, is used in S3D [72], a massively parallel DNS solver developed at Sandia National Laboratories for the simulations of compressible, turbulent reacting flows.","These Lewis\nnumbers are evaluated at 723 K from a full transport flamelet solution. . . . . . . . . 100\n5.3 Effective Lewis numbers obtained from the DNS (average from three instantaneous\nsnapshots separated by several eddy turnover times). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108\n6.1 S0L/vη ratios (see Ref.","Equivalently, due to their expensive computational costs (more details in the next section), very few Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of turbulent premixed flames in the broken reaction zone or the thin reaction zone regimes have been performed [10, 9, 160, 176, 70, 11].","Aspden et al. [10] recently performed a series of DNS of lean (φ = 0.4) premixed hydrogen flames (LeH2 ≈ 0.3) at Karlovitz numbers ranging from 30 to 4200.","102\n5.11 Comparison of H2 and OH mass fraction profiles between DNS conditional means and\nflamelets with modified H2 (left), H (center), and all species but H2 and H (right) Lewis numbers.","92\n5.2 Joint PDF and conditional mean (solid line) of the n-C7H16 (top left), C2H4 (top right),\nand CO2 (bottom) mass fraction vs. temperature from the unity Lewis number DNS.","To tackle these questions, a series of DNS of a premixed n-C7H16 turbulent flames in the thin reaction zone regime and close to the transition between the thin/broken reaction zones regimes are targetted in this thesis. n-C7H16 is chosen for the fuel because it is used in surrogates for gasoline [46, 117].","In a series of two-dimensional DNS of lean (φ = 0.7) methane/air (LeCH4 ≈ 1) turbulent premixed flames, Hawkes and Chen [71] showed that (in the mean sense) a correlation between local flame consumption speed and tangential strain rate could be found up to high Karlovitz numbers (Ka ≈ 300).","∆x is the grid spacing (uniform), η the Kolmogorov\nlength scale in the unburnt gas, nF the number of grid points through the laminar flame thickness, ∆t the time step, φ the equivalence ratio, and Ret the turbulent Reynolds number in the unburnt gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78\n4.2 Constant species Lewis numbers used in the turbulent flame simulations (evaluated in\nthe burnt gas from a one-dimensional flame solution). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80\n5.1 Parameters for the series of turbulent premixed hydrogen flame DNS performed in\nRef.","The NGA code allows for accurate, robust, and flexible simulations of both laminar and turbulent reactive flows in complex geometries and has been applied in a wide range of test problems, including laminar and turbulent flows [182, 183, 184] and constant and variable density flows [55, 31, 173], as well as Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) [183, 122] and Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) [17, 173, 32].","I would also like to thank Dr. Andy Aspden, who kindly shared with our group the DNS data\npresented in Aspden et al. 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Fluid Mech.","Furthermore, source term fluctuations leading to local extinctions have not been previously studied using DNS data.","In the present work, the linear velocity forcing method [111, 157, 32] was preferred for its more physical nature and good stability properties [31].","109 5.2.4.2 Flame thickness-based approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 5.2.4.3 Time scale-based approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 5.2.4.4 Integral length scale limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 5.2.4.5 Comparison with DNS results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .","Finally, I would particularly like to thank my advisor, Prof. Blanquart, for his continuous support and his motivation for this research project; the committee members, Prof. McKeon, Prof. Colonius, and Prof. Shepherd, for their valuable comments and suggestions to improve the quality of this work; and finally, (Prof.) Yuan Xuan, Brock Bobbitt, Simon Lapointe, and Nicholas Burali, my (ex-)office mates who have contributed to parts of this work.\niv\nAbstract\nn-heptane/air premixed turbulent flames in the high-Karlovitz portion of the thin reaction zone regime are characterized and modeled in this thesis using Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) with detailed chemistry.","The\napproximate location in this regime of turbulent premixed flames relevant to industrial applications has been added. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9\n1.6 DNS of high Karlovitz turbulent premixed flames with finite-rate chemistry. . . . . ."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,["result"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":3376203425,"citingcorpusid":54563222,"citedcorpusid":207749807,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Epidemiological and clinical studies, thus far, report the total incidence of GIB of up to 61% in patients with CF-LVADs.10–19 Although thoracic or mediastinal bleeding, related to the surgical procedure of CF-LVAD implantation, is seen in the immediate postimplantation period, the incidence of GIB commonly increases several weeks thereafter.12,13,15,17,18 Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) or angiodysplasias in the upper GI tract and in the small bowel are the most commonly encountered source of CF-LVAD-associated GIB with the observed incidence ranging between 30% and 60% of all GIB events.4,12–14,16 This is in stark contrast to age-related angiodysplasias, which are most commonly observed in the right colon.","1), a finding strictly in accordance with the key role of Ang-2 in angiodysplasia formation in other conditions such as cerebral AVMs, tumor angiogenesis, soft tissue angiodysplasias, etc.(37,39,40) What is less clear is exactly what is the proximate stimulus for increased Ang-2 production during CF-LVAD support (Fig.","8 | www.cardiologyinreview.com Cardiology in Review • Volume 27, Number 1, January/February 2019\nKey Words: continuous-flow left ventricular assist device, gastrointestinal bleeding, angiodysplasia, Angiopoietin-2, von Willebrand factor\n(Cardiology in Review 2019;27: 8–13)\nAn estimated 6.5 million Americans aged 20 years and above suf-fer from heart failure (HF), and the prevalence of HF is estimated to increase 46% by 2030.1 The steady increase in the number of patients living with progressive HF can be attributed to a reduction in deaths from coronary artery disease, to the increased availability of successful cardiovascular interventions, and to the use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in addition to optimal medical therapy.2 Over the past 20 years, dramatic surgical therapies, including cardiac transplantation and mechanical circulatory support devices, have increasingly been extended to patients with end-stage HF.3 Given the limited availability of donor hearts, the annual rate of cardiac transplants has for many years remained stagnant at approximately 2500.4 However, since the advent of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs) in the early 2000s, mechanical circulatory support has successfully rescued an increasing number of failing hearts, either awaiting transplant or ineligible for transplant, surpassing the annual rate of cardiac transplants in 2012.4–6 According to the Eighth Annual Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support report, of the 18,987 primary LVADs implanted between June 2006 and December 2016, 90% were CF-LVADs.7 By the year 2010, the Heart Mate II axial CF-LVAD was approved not only as a bridge-to-transplant but also\nas a destination therapy7 for patients ineligible for transplant.","Along similar lines, it has been hypothesized that low pulsatility during CF-LVAD support results in the formation of fragile GI AVMs or angiodysplasias.17,34 Indeed, Wever-Pinzon et al16 successfully demonstrated the association between lower pulsatility and higher incidence of GIB in recipients of CF-LVADs.","They reported increased bleeding in patients with Ang-2 levels greater than the mean when compared with those with Ang-2 levels below the mean.(37) Finally, they showed that thrombin levels were simultaneously elevated in serum samples from patients with CF-LVADs and that expression of Ang-2 gene was hampered by thrombin receptor blockade.","Most of the literature supporting the above 2 hypotheses is retrospective in nature, and although these retrospective studies demonstrating avWs as a cause for GIB showed that all of the examined CF-LVAD recipients developed avWs, not all those patients developed concomitant GIB.17,18 This led us to postulate that CF-LVADassociated GIB was the result of “two strikes,” namely avWs and the increased frequency of angiodysplasias.35 However, although there are studies showing a consistent development of aVWs during CF-LVAD support,17,18,32 there are no studies to date showing the mere increase in incidence of GI angiodysplasias—irrespective of occurrence of GIB—in patients with CF-LVADs.","Two recent, meticulously performed, studies have made further contributions to our understanding of the pathophysiology of GIB during CF-LVAD support.(37,38) Tabit et al(37) hypothesized that CFLVAD-related nonsurgical bleeding results from AVMs, which, in turn, are a result of dysregulated angiogenesis promoted by increased secretion of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2).","Finally, they showed that thrombin levels were simultaneously elevated in serum samples from patients with CF-LVADs and that expression of Ang-2 gene was hampered by thrombin receptor blockade.(37) They concluded that thrombin-induced Ang-2 expression led to increased angiogenesis in vitro and could possibly be responsible for increased nonsurgical bleeding in patients with CF-LVADs.","Strike 1: Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome During Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Support Geisen et al30 offered the first potential hypothesis for GIB in patients with CF-LVADs.","They reported increased bleeding in patients with Ang-2 levels greater than the mean when compared with those with Ang-2 levels below the mean.37 Finally, they showed that thrombin levels were simultaneously elevated in serum samples from patients with CF-LVADs and that expression of Ang-2 gene was hampered by thrombin receptor blockade.37 They concluded that thrombin-induced Ang-2 expression led to increased angiogenesis in vitro and could possibly be responsible for increased nonsurgical bleeding in patients with CF-LVADs.37 Elevated thrombin levels had previously been demonstrated in patients with CF-LVADs, but the exact role of thrombin in causing thrombotic or bleeding complications of LVADs was not fully understood until Tabit et al37 were able to demonstrate that thrombin did, in fact, regulate Ang-2 gene expression.","All rights reserved.\nsuggested that daily subcutaneous octreotide may be used for acute refractory GIB secondary to AVMs in hospitalized patients followed by careful transition to depot octreotide, for ease of administration, at the time of discharge.47 In light of emerging evidence suggesting the antiangiogenic properties of vWF, vWF infusions with and without factor VIII concentrate have been described in 2 separate case reports,51,52 both suggesting that vWF infusions might be considered to restore hemostasis and allow for a successful bridge-to-transplant in patients with CF-LVADs.","They concluded that thrombin-induced Ang-2 expression led to increased angiogenesis in vitro and could possibly be responsible for increased nonsurgical bleeding in patients with CF-LVADs.(37) Elevated thrombin levels had previously been demonstrated in patients with CF-LVADs, but the exact role of 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{"citationid":1031250294,"citingcorpusid":8118693,"citedcorpusid":20399618,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Sano analysed experience with repair of 7 patients with PTA and IAA operated at a median age of 8 days [14].","Hanley [2] 1986—1991 6 3 50% Jahangiri [1] 1992—2000 9 0 0% Lacour-Gayet [12] 1988—1996 7 3 43% Sano [13] 1985—1989 7 0 0% Thompson [14] 1992—1999 8 2 25% Tlaskal 1993—2004 8 1 13%"],"intents":[["methodology"],null]}
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{"citationid":967260842,"citingcorpusid":73309698,"citedcorpusid":33519786,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Tuberculosis previa 9 36 45 (20,5) EPOC 0 57 57 (25,9) Silicosis 0 2 2 (0,9) Neoplasia pulmonar 0 17 17 (7,7) Otras neoplasias 0 15 15 (6,8) Hepatopatía crónica 10 15 25 (11,4) Gastrectomía 1 18 19 (8,6) VIH positivo (sin otras enfermedades) 16 0 16 (7,3) Ninguna o no consta 0 0 24 (10,9) Total 36 160 220"],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":1056546749,"citingcorpusid":4574730,"citedcorpusid":34291874,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We outline here the various steps of the viral life cycle starting from infection of a host cell to the formation of a new virus.(25)"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1836031415,"citingcorpusid":212720807,"citedcorpusid":34899253,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…be related not only to the duration of effort in the ECC phase of movement, but also to a more effective use of elastic energy generated during the faster ECC contraction, which is released during the CON phase of the movement (Cronin et al., 2001; Cronin and Henderson, 2004; Newton et al., 1997).","The higher result of the 1RM test during a faster tempo compared to slower, can be related not only to the duration of effort in the ECC phase of movement, but also to a more effective use of elastic energy generated during the faster ECC contraction, which is released during the CON phase of the movement (Cronin et al., 2001; Cronin and Henderson, 2004; Newton et al., 1997)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3714247892,"citingcorpusid":247798336,"citedcorpusid":128613711,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A concentration of ENSO-like signals in southern California is supported by previous studies that show a strong influence of ENSO on winter precipitation anomalies of the southern US\n(Kiladis and Diaz 1989; Kurtzman and Scanlon 2007; Ropelewski and Halpert 1986)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2015880589,"citingcorpusid":28585619,"citedcorpusid":96162499,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In 1968, the East Germans became pioneers in the administration of androgenic hormones to female athletes (Cunha et al., 2004).","In 1968, the East Ger-\nmans became pioneers in the administration of androgenic hormones to female athletes (Cunha et al., 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1661881885,"citingcorpusid":58940365,"citedcorpusid":93392574,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Приближенное значение критического числа Рейнольдса (потеря устойчивости относительно малых возмущений) можно найти в [9], которое при малых фазовых скоростях возмущений, c, имеет вид:","В [9] приведены формулы для расчета теплопроводности и диффузии бинарной смеси, которые для многоатомных газов можно записать в виде:"],"intents":[null,null]}
{"citationid":543618211,"citingcorpusid":53375423,"citedcorpusid":128613711,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["fact of wetter Spring season in the southeast US during warm ENSO events (Ropelewski and Halpert 1986; Kiladis and Diaz 1989), which result in the transition from the Spring to Summer season to be far less discontinuous than in La Niña years.","This is consistent with the well known fact of wetter Spring season in the southeast US during warm ENSO events (Ropelewski and Halpert 1986; Kiladis and Diaz 1989), which result in the transition from the Spring to Summer season to be far less discontinuous than in La Niña years."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":542550605,"citingcorpusid":54058024,"citedcorpusid":128613711,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(Ropelewski and Halpert 1986, 1987; Kiladis and Diaz 1989; Halpert and Ropelewski 1992; Zhang et al. 2011), and wetter than normal over the U."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2856904854,"citingcorpusid":35425132,"citedcorpusid":128613711,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…the eastern equatorial Pacific and in sea-level pressures in the southern Pacific (Southern Oscillation Index, SOI), is one of the most important controlling factors in global interannual climate variability (Ropelewski and Halpert, 1987; Kiladis and Diaz, 1989; Nicholls, 1989; Hastenrath, 1995)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":31182770,"citingcorpusid":27895871,"citedcorpusid":28439414,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Unfortunately in the majority of cases the primary liver EHE tends to be multifocal, which precludes complete resection, and thus orthoptic liver transplantation (OLT) is the only worthwhile treatment for these patients and for those with extensive liver involvement offering them a chance of long survival [3]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1804946661,"citingcorpusid":131833250,"citedcorpusid":128613711,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Changes in\nseasonal rainfall in the Southeastern United States related to ENSO are a key influence on agriculture in that region.","THE EL NIÑO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION IN THE HISTORICAL CENTENNIAL INTEGRATIONS OF THE NEW GENERATION OF CLIAMTE MODELS ............................54\nA.1 Abstract ........................................................................................................................55 A.2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................55\nv\nA.3 Results ..........................................................................................................................57 A.3.1 Mean State .......................................................................................................57 A.3.2 Spectral Analysis .............................................................................................60 A.3.3 Lag/Lead Relationship with Equatorial Pacific ...............................................62 A.3.4 Remote ENSO forcing over the Southeastern United States ...........................64\nA.4 Summary and Conclusion ............................................................................................67 B. TABLES AND FIGURES .....................................................................................................69\nB.1 Tables ...........................................................................................................................69 B.2 Figures..........................................................................................................................74\nREFERENCES ............................................................................................................................118 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................................132\nvi\nLIST OF TABLES B.1 Reference list of all acronyms used in this document........................................................69\nB.2 List of the CMIP5 models analyzed for ENSO .................................................................71\nB.3 Brief outline of observationally based datasets used in this study.....................................72\nB.4 Annual SST Errors in three regions of the Pacific Ocean: the cold tongue region, the warm pool region and the Southeast Pacific region for the CMIP5 models ......................72\nB.5 Mean Equatorial Pacific thermocline depth maxima and minima for selected CMIP5 models ................................................................................................................................73\nvii\nLIST OF FIGURES B.1 Summer and winter weather patterns associated with warm and cold ENSO events,\nImage courtesy of NOAA/CPC available at http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/ENSO/ENSO-Global-Impacts/ 74\nB.2 Map of Niño Regions 1+2, 3, 3.4, and 4.","More specifically, the strong teleconnections of ENSO with the southeastern United States climate makes this validation exercise highly relevant for understanding the reliability of the CMIP5 projections of future southeastern United States climate.","Interestingly, the failure of the fishing season due to warm ENSO events may also impact crops planted in the Southeastern United States.","The CMIP5 exhibited a wide range of response in this metric with several displaying weak to non-existent, some showing relatively strong, and one indicating excessively zonally symmetric teleconnection over the southeastern United States.","The increase in hard-freezes for the Southeastern United States reduces crop yields of winter-harvest vegetables.","The Southeastern United States experiences a cooler and wetter winter during the warm phase and a warmer and drier winter during the cold phase (Diaz et al. 2001, Glantz 2000).","Most importantly, however, ENSO variations strongly affect the climate variations in the southeastern United States (Ropelewski and Halpert 1986; Kiladis and Diaz 1989; Diaz et al. 2001; Misra and DiNapoli 2012).","Hansen, J. W., A. W. Hodges, and J. W. Jones, 1998: ENSO Influences on Agriculture in the Southeastern United States.","Assessing the value of climate information and forecasts for the agricultural sector in the Southeastern United States: multi-output stochastic frontier approach.","In addition, the impact of an erroneous forecast on the strength of ENSO relative to its phase on agro-economy is found to be contrastingly different with the former having a larger impact than the latter in the southeastern United States (Solís 2013).","The community has invested significantly over the years, targeting many of these systematic errors through concerted efforts like the climate process teams in the United States and is actively considering a joint world effort (http://wcrp.ipsl.jussieu.fr/Workshops/ModellingSummit/Documents/FinalSummitStat_6_6.pdf; Shukla et al. 2009) to improve climate models.","The CMIP5 exhibited a wide range of response in this metric with several displaying weak to non-existent, some showing relatively strong, and one indicating excessively zonally-symmetric teleconnection over the southeastern United States.","ENSO variability forces a dominant mode of rainfall variability in the southeastern United States, especially in the boreal winter season.","64\nA.3.4 Remote ENSO forcing over the Southeastern United States\nThe mid-latitude response as a result of atmospheric waves traversing the great circle\nfrom anomalous convection in the equatorial oceans as a consequence of in-situ anomalous warm SST has been found to constitute over 50% of the variance of the boreal winter 200hPa geopotential heights in some areas of North America (Wallace and Gutzler 1981; Straus and Shukla 2000) including the southeastern United States.","Harley, G. L., H. Grissino-Mayer, S. P. Horn, and C. Bergh, 2013: Fire Synchrony and the Influence of Pacific Climate Variability on Wildfires in the Florida Keys, United States.","In the model, the cool–wet teleconnection in the Southeastern United States does prove to have a more linear relationship with increasingly stronger warm events.","As a result of this teleconnection El Niño (La Niña) winters are typically characterized by wet and cold (warm and dry) winter climate in the southeastern United States.","More specifically, it is a well-known teleconnection pattern that warm (cold) episodes of ENSO are coincident with the cold and wet (warm and dry) winters in the southeastern United States."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":2954856882,"citingcorpusid":222104592,"citedcorpusid":128613711,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["ENSO-related precipitation predictability follows wellknown spatial patterns of ENSO influence in the wintertime (e.g. Kiladis and Diaz 1989, Gershunov 1999)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4029684968,"citingcorpusid":255420493,"citedcorpusid":239642672,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Contrast source inversion (CSI) [3][4] is the most promising NIS approach with lower computational complexity, and has been introduced in various applications.","To alleviate this issue, the multi-layered specific CSI has been developed [4], and been demonstrated that a dielectric property for each layer could be accurately estimated using the CSI cost function."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":595617956,"citingcorpusid":56217759,"citedcorpusid":14136227,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In this sense, dance might be described as a “somatic fractal,” and musical compositions as “auditory fractals” [25].","Fractals do not just occur in the description of static physical structures, and Dilts points out that “many behaviours could be considered to be types of „neurolinguistic‟ fractals” [25].","The foundational understanding of “neurological positivism” as a dynamical-systems meta-description of human psychology and behaviour [24], [25], [26] is that human mind-brain, body, environment, phenomenology, and behaviour form a single, hugely complex, holistic unity [27].","[25] Dilts, R (1998) The Article of the Month: Fractals and Human Behaviour."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":975699215,"citingcorpusid":70823934,"citedcorpusid":27975156,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Real-time PCR assays are extremely sensitive and detection of DNA at a high CT value (>35) indicates the presence of exceedingly low quantities of DNA [12].","However, another study by Bright & Petricevic [12] found that 0.","Many studies have tested the effectiveness of touch DNA on different surfaces [10-12], but few have explained the persistence of Low Copy Number (LCN) DNA and how these samples should be processed."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4087084408,"citingcorpusid":257776174,"citedcorpusid":124975328,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["R. C. Baker, “Kloosterman sums with prime variable,” Acta Arith.","In the case when q is a prime, Bourgain [6] and Baker [7] obtained the inequality (6) where c > 0 is an absolute constant, and, as a consequence, the following estimate for the Kloosterman sum over primes:","An analogue of estimate (8) for arbitrary q and k = 1 was presented by Baker [7].","For its solution, one needs to estimate double sums, the simplest of which are sums of the type\nIn the case when q is a prime, Bourgain [6] and Baker [7] obtained the inequality\n(6)\nwhere c > 0 is an absolute constant, and, as a consequence, the following estimate for the Kloosterman sum over primes:\nFor , where , estimate (6) is derived using Bourgain’s original method based on an upper bound for the cardinality of the set of “exceptional” residues with sufficiently large sums\n(the first of these sums is needed to estimate W for , and the second, for ).","For the reader’s convenience, we give the proof of the lemma, which follows nearly word for word Baker’s paper."],"intents":[null,["background"],["methodology"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":146704951,"citingcorpusid":5591722,"citedcorpusid":25302131,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In addition, newly synthesized HCV RNA and the nonstructural proteins in replicon cells were colocalized in detergent-resistant membrane structures, most likely lipid rafts [18]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":871148802,"citingcorpusid":26107631,"citedcorpusid":24866888,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…oxygen species have been implicated in neurological diseases and age-related decline in cognitive processes which suggest that these species play a role in brain function (Halliwell, 1992; Cadet and Brannock, 1998; Loe er et al., 1998; Varadarajan et al., 1999; Ahlemeyer and Krieglstein, 2000)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3955670219,"citingcorpusid":252698098,"citedcorpusid":115414164,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["3 Emissions from Burning of Crop Residues Burning crop residues on farms contributes substantially to CO2 emissions and air pollution in many countries of Asia (Streets et al. 2003; Lohan et al. 2018; Wu et al. 2020; Bajracharya, Mishra, and Maharjan 2021; Shen et al. 2021).","Burning crop residues on farms contributes substantially to CO2 emissions and air pollution in many countries of Asia (Streets et al. 2003; Lohan et al. 2018; Wu et al. 2020; Bajracharya, Mishra, and Maharjan 2021; Shen et al. 2021)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1218184934,"citingcorpusid":86884813,"citedcorpusid":19611046,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Due to the increase of the bulk solution conductivity with the temperature (104), the amplitude of the currents through L651W6 and E101W6 were observed for both the open and closed states (Figure 37)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":177204813,"citingcorpusid":1163174,"citedcorpusid":121560098,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, most of the theoretical literature deals with the so-called “minimum compliance” problem, that is, how to design the stiffest (or least compliant) structure under a given fixed load (refer to [30] and [29] for the pioneering works, to [2] for an exhaustive study of the homogenization method or, again, to [8])."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3830326038,"citingcorpusid":250563034,"citedcorpusid":221157950,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In our latest in-vivo study, Hst1 not only promotes angiogenesis, re-epithelialization and collagen production, but also suppresses inflammation, thereby significantly accelerating acute skin wound healing in mice [2]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":857504909,"citingcorpusid":24766190,"citedcorpusid":22951690,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The RRM determines RNA-binding specificity, RS domain plays an important role in bridging 50 and 30 splice sites by interacting with other proteins [10, 11], and these structural properties are evolutionally conserved throughout metazoa [12]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2052156820,"citingcorpusid":44275248,"citedcorpusid":35531691,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Results from in vivo studies in which CT-2103 or paclitaxel was administered to mice bearing multidrug resistant (MDR) tumors revealed tumor growth delay values for CT-2103 that were substantially higher than those for paclitaxel.[10] Our clinical","As a result, efficacy may be improved without a concomitant increase in toxicity.[6,10] Preclinical studies in mice reveal that CT-2103 is associated with greater antitumor efficacy without alteration in the toxicity profile when compared to optimal antitumor doses of paclitaxel."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2639343843,"citingcorpusid":22106258,"citedcorpusid":22284127,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, despite research to the contrary [17], there is concern among many health professionals that consuming 40% to 50% of energy intake as protein may have adverse effects on renal function and bone turnover, and may increase cardiovascular disease risk because of the high saturated fat and cholesterol content of protein-rich foods [18,19]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1809331558,"citingcorpusid":16159985,"citedcorpusid":22951690,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Therefore, we explored the function of ZNF265 by demonstrating its localization within cells, identifying the other proteins that it binds to in splicing complexes, and showing its potential to modulate alternative splicing in cells.","…antibody (mAb9H10) was provided by Dr. G. Dreyfuss (Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA), and polyclonal U2AF 35\n(Zuo and Maniatis, 1996) and monoclonal U1-70K (Wu and Maniatis, 1993) were provided by Dr. T. Maniatis (Harvard University, Boston, MA).","In contrast to the interaction of SF2/ASF and SC35 with U170K and U2AF 35\n(Wu and Maniatis, 1993), our finding that ZNF265 interacts more strongly with U1-70K than with U2AF 35\n(Fig.","…yeast two-hybrid for example, interactions of the SR proteins SC35 and SF2/ASF with both U1-70K and U2AF 35\nhave been documented, the latter two proteins functionally binding to the 5 and 3\nsplice sites, respectively, in early splicing complexes (Wu and Maniatis, 1993; Cao and Garcia-Blanco, 1998).","One model has suggested that SF2/ASF or SC35 was subsequently able to form a bridge between U1-70K and U2AF 35\n(Wu and Maniatis, 1993).","Yeast twohybrid analysis and immunoprecipitation indicated inter-\nT\naction of ZNF265 with the essential splicing factor proteins\nU1-70K and U2AF\n35\n.","…that ZNF265 interacts with U1-70K and U2AF 35\npoints to its early commitment to the spliceosome, as the latter factors are necessary for the first detectable association between splice sites during formation of the E complex (Michaud and Reed, 1993; Wu and Maniatis, 1993; Xiao and Manley, 1998)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2550692272,"citingcorpusid":143603702,"citedcorpusid":146921474,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In this study we investigated the evolutionary personality construct of social rank styles (Zuroff et al., 2010) to determine whether leaders’ and followers’ tendencies towards dominant leadership, coalition building, and ruthless selfadvancement would interact to predict group performance.","Rank Style with Peers Questionnaire (RSPQ; Zuroff et al., 2010) The RSPQ was designed to assess the interaction style people typically use to maintain or improve social standing among peers.","Nevertheless, previous researchers have found that the correlations between the three rank style factors correlated only moderately with other personality factors, such as the Big Five traits, suggesting that the present findings cannot be explained solely by associations with these variables (Zuroff et al., 2010).","Specifically, they found that people tend to differ in the levels of dominant leadership (DL), coalition building (CB), and ruthless self-advancement (RSA) they display when trying to secure social rank (Zuroff et al., 2010)."],"intents":[["background"],null,null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":1036306803,"citingcorpusid":99204843,"citedcorpusid":22951690,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["These protein-protein interactions are essential in spliceosome assembly and play an important role in promoting the recognition of splice sites [Amrein et al., 1994; Fetzer et al., 1997; Kohtz et al., 1994; Wu and Maniatis, 1993; Xiao and Manley, 1997, 1998].","sequences and recruit the splicing machinery via interactions of their RS domains with snRNP components such as U2AF35 and U1-70K [Graveley, 2001; Graveley et al., 2001; Lavigueur et al., 1993; Wang and Manley, 1995; Wang et al., 1995; Wu and Maniatis, 1993; Zuo and Maniatis, 1996].","Protein domains that are rich in serine-arginine dipeptide repeats facilitate protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions during spliceosome assembly, recruitment and catalysis [Cartegni et al., 2002; Cartegni and Krainer, 2002; Shen and Green, 2004; Shen et al., 2004; Valcárcel et al., 1996; Valcárcel and Green, 1996; Wu and Maniatis, 1993].","As the U1 snRNP binds at the 5’ splice site and U2AF recognizes the polypyrimidine tract and 3’ splice site, a model has been proposed that sees SR proteins bridging across the exon or intron [Wu and Maniatis, 1993]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1683957839,"citingcorpusid":132926600,"citedcorpusid":49226824,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The average value of Ka above 0.53mwas calculated from the TDR probes using the refractive index averaging method (Topp et al., 1982; Robinson et al., 2003), according to Eq.","53mwas calculated from the TDR probes using the refractive index averaging method (Topp et al., 1982; Robinson et al., 2003), according to Eq.","The soil apparent permittivity, Ka (note that the symbols ε and K have been used interchangeably in the literature, see for example Robinson et al., 2003 and Huisman et al., 2003a), is defined by Eq.","Several techniques, including GPR and Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR), have been successfully used to estimate the soil water content based on the measurement of the EM soil properties (Huisman et al., 2003a; Robinson et al., 2003; Topp et al., 1980).","TDR sends a broadband EM pulse into a coaxial transmission line comprising a cable and a probe, usually consisting of two or three metal rods, and measures the reflections resulting from an impedance change (Robinson et al., 2003).","Extensive information on the calibration and measurement of Ka and BEC by TDR are found in the literature and are not discussed here (see, among others, Bechtold et al., 2010, Curioni et al., 2012, Lin et al., 2007, 2008, Huisman et al., 2008, Robinson et al., 2003).","TDR has the advantage to be able to measure both parameters, although not all the available commercial systems offer this possibility (Robinson et al., 2003).","(2)) depends on the equipment used and on the dispersive nature of the soil (i.e. the variation of the complex permittivity with frequency), and is generally not easily specified (Robinson et al., 2003).","the variation of the complex permittivity with frequency), and is generally not easily specified (Robinson et al., 2003).","They are also more susceptible to temperature variations, salinity and soil texture than TDR (Robinson et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3140109845,"citingcorpusid":225658172,"citedcorpusid":143470090,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…aprendizaje de nuestro alumnado parece más relevante preguntarse cómo desde la intervención en el aula podemos promover avances en su competencia (Alonso-Cortés et al., 2012; Castillo, 2015) en un dominio de conocimiento complejo cuya trayectoria de aprendizaje no es lineal (Tolchinsky, 2015;…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":185760666,"citingcorpusid":7745335,"citedcorpusid":32582766,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In the study by [29], it is assumed that the tag is moving along a straight line, perpendicular to the reader at a fixed distance apart and at a known speed.","Existing passive RFID-based location-sensing techniques mainly focus on localization of stationary tagged objects [6, 9, 14, 21, 23, 28, 29].","A few of the proposed methods also try to localize and track moving objects [23, 28, 29] under particular conditions.","To localize passive RFID tags, some researchers use angulation technique to estimate the direction of arrival of a tag signal by measuring phases [23, 29] or the relative strength ratio [21] of the received signal at several receiving antennas."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":375161095,"citingcorpusid":26344504,"citedcorpusid":17942799,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["For example, models derived to explain hillslope- or catchment-scale nutrient dynamics emphasize lateral connectivity and seasonal dynamics in precipitation as agents influencing material transport [e.g., Belnap et al., 2005; Stieglitz et al., 2003]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1073841588,"citingcorpusid":127360503,"citedcorpusid":17942799,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Hydrological connectivity plays a pivotal role in defining hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological dynamics between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (e.g. Pringle, 2003; Stieglitz et al., 2003; Burt and Pinay, 2005; Bracken and Croke, 2007).","Hydrologic simulations have suggested that for much of the year water draining through a catchment may be spatially isolated, and upland and lowland areas only rarely become hydrologically connected,\n7\nsuch as during storm events when antecedent moisture conditions are high (Stieglitz et al., 2003).","…for water quantity and quality because connectivity determines how much water is contributed to surface waters by different sources with potentially different chemistries (e.g. Quinton and Roulet,1998; Stieglitz et al., 2003; Ali et al., 2010; Oswald et al., 2011; Phillips et al., 2011).","The degree of connectivity between landscape elements (such as hillslopes, riparian areas or bedrock depressions) has been demonstrated to have profound implications for water quantity and quality because connectivity determines how much water is contributed to surface waters by different sources with potentially different chemistries (e.g. Quinton and Roulet,1998; Stieglitz et al., 2003; Ali et al., 2010; Oswald et al., 2011; Phillips et al., 2011)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":1908994033,"citingcorpusid":7414993,"citedcorpusid":4018967,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["It can be accelerated by pruning [15], partial calculation memorization [22], or fast matrix multiplication [29].","(1), can be written in a matrix form [29, 16]:","• Fast-IteMat [29] uses the fast multiplication technique, the Coppersmith-Winograd algorithm [6], to accelerate the iterations in IteMat.","Indeed, since it emerged [15], its scalability has been a critical issue of study [10, 22, 21, 19, 29, 16, 23, 28].","In this section, we compare CloudWalker with other stateof-the-art algorithms, including IteMat, IteMat- , FMT, Fast-IteMat, and LIN, which are described below.","To achieve ME around 10 5 ⇠ 10 (6), which is the same level as previous work [23, 29], it su ces to set R = 100 in simulating the matrix A using Monte Carlo.","The results of FMT [10], LIN [23], and Fast-IteMat [29] are obtained from [23].","on graph [26, 27, 11], SimRank [15] is probably one of the most popular [10, 22, 21, 19, 29, 16, 23, 28, 25]."],"intents":[null,["background"],["methodology"],["background"],null,["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1013621799,"citingcorpusid":85089020,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A pesar que Palma (1985) no encontró evidencias de migración en los tetrazoides, se ha visto que las colonias más desarrolladas de P. atlanticum realizan intensos desplazamientos nictimerales.","Además, es el único pyrosoma que habita en el mar Mediterráneo, donde se ha colectado hasta cerca de los 800 m de profundidad (Palma, 1985; Godeaux, 1987; Andersen et al., 1992; Sardou et al., 1992; Andersen & Sardou, 1994), aunque observaciones con batiscafo han mostrado la presencia de colonias…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3774340884,"citingcorpusid":249395190,"citedcorpusid":231719707,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Active learning [8], where a probabilistic uncertainty based approach to decide on new samples to label, is one option to make such interventions on a working model but it has been shown that the introduced bias is not necessarily beneficial and might harm a model’s specificity [14]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3992828408,"citingcorpusid":254125683,"citedcorpusid":231719707,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Another way to interpolate between uncertainty and uniform sampling is via a strategy that combines informativeness (via uncertainty sampling) and representativeness (via uniform sampling), as proposed by [4, 19, 49, 13, 41, 11] We analyze an -greedy scheme that also falls in this family of AL algorithms: at each querying step, we sample using uncertainty with probability 1− and perform uniform sampling with probability ."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":230365478,"citingcorpusid":16363855,"citedcorpusid":63509590,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, it seems more convenient in an interactive theorem proving to use the style of Jussi Ketonen's EKL interactive theorem prover Ketonen and Weening 1984."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2937809542,"citingcorpusid":43530991,"citedcorpusid":25923695,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[14] sounded a note of caution in stating that they found the initial increase in platelet count with zidovudine treatment to be transient; thrombocytopenia developed in 12% of their patients who received the drug [14].","In the largest reported study of HIV-related thrombocytopenia, 68 patients were followed up from 1985 through 1989 [14]; there were three major bleeding episodes, two episodes of menorrhagia, and one episode of gastrointestinal (peptic ulcer) hemorrhage, all of which occurred when the patients' platelet counts were <30,000/mm3."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1203609397,"citingcorpusid":195817994,"citedcorpusid":24576434,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…PCR and Rt-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) protocols have been recently developed for identification of infectious agents in aborted bovine fetuses, including Brucella abortus (Leal-Klevezas et al., 2000; Cortez et al., 2001; Richtzenhain et al., 2002; Bricker et al., 2003)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":853466747,"citingcorpusid":727260,"citedcorpusid":24419719,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["These features of immature dorsal horn neurons are typical of what is observed as a result of disinhibition in the adult spinal cord (Game and Lodge, 1975; Sorkin et al., 1998; Schwark et al., 1999), and thus the question has been raised whether a deficit in spinal inhibition accounts for the…","These features of immature dorsal horn neurons are typical of what is observed as a result of disinhibition in the adult spinal cord (Game and Lodge, 1975; Sorkin et al., 1998; Schwark et al., 1999), and thus the question has been raised whether a deficit in spinal inhibition accounts for the exaggerated responses observed in young animals (Fitzgerald, 1985; Baccei and Fitzgerald, 2004)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3759694794,"citingcorpusid":243372041,"citedcorpusid":25296680,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["среди учеников медицинского вуза в Омане [50]."],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":2163637833,"citingcorpusid":105199122,"citedcorpusid":145010754,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In exploring the interplay between expert and novice consumers in relation to their brand preference and evaluation of wine, D’Alessandro and Pecotich (2013) posit that","In exploring the interplay between expert and novice consumers in relation to their brand preference and evaluation of wine, D’Alessandro and Pecotich (2013) posit that varying degrees of expertise translate into differences in evaluating and even detecting quality differences irrespective of the…","Consumers with expertise, however, consistently refer to brand name and country of origin when navigating quality cues (D’Alessandro & Pecotich, 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4046850621,"citingcorpusid":256234179,"citedcorpusid":235369071,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Moreover, upregulation of some negative costimulatory molecules and antiinflammatory cytokines has also been observed during this stage, and includes programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) (38), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) (39), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein-3 (TIM-3) (40), T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) (41), IL-4 (36), IL-10 (42, 43) and TGF-b (44, 45).","The activating receptors mainly include NCRs (NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46), KIR-2Ds, KIR-3Ds, NKG2D, CD226, 2B4, and NKG2C, whereas the inhibitory receptors mainly include NKG2A, TIGIT, KIR-2DL, and KIR-3DL (71)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":1749337303,"citingcorpusid":158078090,"citedcorpusid":145162358,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Brierly (1958, 14) pointed out the fallacy of self-limitation as a juridical basis of obligation, as follows.","In his own conception, Brierly (1958, 65), a NeoNaturalist, contended that “a mere juridical explanation” cannot be sufficient solution to the problem of the obligation to obey the law."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":43220708,"citingcorpusid":20057949,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["[20] S. Balay, S. Abhyankar, M. F. Adams, J. Brown, P. Brune, K. Buschelman, L. Dalcin, V. Eijkhout, W. D. Gropp, D. Kaushik, M. G. Knepley, L. C. McInnes, K. Rupp, B. F. Smith, S. Zampini, and H. Zhang, “PETSc Web page,” http://www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc, 2016.","PFLOTRAN parallelizes by decomposing the simulation domain using PETSc [20] (Portable Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation).","Furthermore, PETSc provides extensive coverage of two-sided MPI functionality, including persistent non-blocking communication.","PFLOTRAN is a large application that makes use of the very large PETSc library.","the simulation domain using PETSc [20] (Portable Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation)."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1575884225,"citingcorpusid":150044864,"citedcorpusid":2910343,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the literature, scholars (e.g., Lokot & Diakopoulos, 2016) argue that online information sources blur (i.e., propagation of unverified information) and affect organizations communication by spreading online false stories that can discredit organizations (i.e., negative effects) (Tandoc, Lim &…","Lokot and Diakopoulos (2016) note that some organizations can use news bots to diffuse fake news in online environment, adding legitimacy of the information."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1575884138,"citingcorpusid":150044864,"citedcorpusid":145275655,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…news is socially constructed, and journalists often exercise subjective judgment on which bits of information to include and which to exclude (Tuchman, 1978), news is vulnerable not only to journalists‟ own preferences (White, 1950), but also to external forces, such as the government,…","which to exclude (Tuchman, 1978), news is vulnerable not only to journalists‟ own preferences (White, 1950), but also to external forces, such as the government, audiences, and advertisers (Shoemaker & Reese, 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":816580645,"citingcorpusid":35696759,"citedcorpusid":6312293,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Simulations are particularly useful in this context (Louie & Carley, 2008).","Accordingly, face expert validation and sensitivity analysis often takes the place of quantitative or statistical validation techniques (Dooley, 2002; Louie & Carley, 2008).","…class of research question: it addresses the “what-if” of simulation in general, together with the interaction between: local and global, micro and macro, individual and emergent behavior, structure and chaos (Davis, Eisenhardt, & Bingham, 2007; Louie & Carley, 2008; Macy & Willer, 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3324954128,"citingcorpusid":233746609,"citedcorpusid":34722740,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Studies using \"physical\" frailty as definition in examining the interrelationship with sarcopenia are suggested to have more overlap [29].","Definitions of both sarcopenia and frailty are still developing, and both concepts clearly overlap in their physical aspects [11, 29]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1842438407,"citingcorpusid":203474585,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In terms of self-efficacy levels of university students who were not doing sport, Satıcı (2013) concluded that male students had higher academic self-efficacy when compared with female students."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3226812376,"citingcorpusid":108015055,"citedcorpusid":109575195,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Lack of a well-defined verification protocol or methodology and difficulties in obtaining good data are often stated as reasons for this [31].","The compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) were originally priced between R60 and R80 per lamp and in 2004 the price was dropped to between R13 and R20 [31].","The largest energy consuming systems (pumping, refrigeration) in mines make use of water; therefore it makes sense to focus on the storage of this commodity [31]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":31582367,"citingcorpusid":14248898,"citedcorpusid":15629917,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The determination of the complete set of diagnoses for a set of requirements inconsistent with the underlying item table (the corresponding conjunctive query results in / 0) is based on the construction of hitting set trees [49].","For a detailed discussion of the underlying algorithm and analysis we refer the reader to Reiter [49].","User support in such situations can be based on the concepts of conflict detection [33] and model-based diagnosis [12, 14, 49]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3385046906,"citingcorpusid":17041424,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This means (and our experiments confirm this (Lukashevich, 1995) that in most cases repetitions and synonyms of a macroconcept in the text are co-referent or are in relation of conceptual identity with the macroconcept.","The Thesaurus was created in semi-automatic mode using automatic processing of more than 70 Mb of Russian official texts (Lukashevich, 1995)."],"intents":[["result"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1034273647,"citingcorpusid":85978396,"citedcorpusid":8839335,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This is further exemplified by the fact that phyllosoma larvae exposed to starvation exhibited lesser load of pathogenic Vibrio spp. load and external fouling by Leucthrix spp. due to minimal exposure to organic load and Artemia (Ritar et al., 2003b).","In the wild the larvae are presumed to consume a wide variety of zooplankton, which differs between seasons and locations (Ritar et al., 2003a).","It is common to note that Artemia enrichment emulsions, such as Algamac, which have improved the biochemical composition of Artemia have also accentuated bacterial proliferation and resulted in severe larval mortality (Ritar et al., 2003a).","due to minimal exposure to organic load and Artemia (Ritar et al., 2003b).","This in turn, has significant effect on improving growth, resistance to disease and morphological development of phyllosoma larvae (Ritar et al., 2003b).","…primary purpose of enrichment of Artemia with microalgae is to enhance the nutritional quality of Artemia there are other interesting consequences like the bacteriostatic activity of many microalgae which renders additional advantage of microbial control to phyllosoma larvae (Ritar et al., 2003a)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":833418056,"citingcorpusid":44181089,"citedcorpusid":1166406,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some work in [21]–[24] investigated adaptive output feedback fuzzy control methods."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3328208168,"citingcorpusid":233873362,"citedcorpusid":158047119,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The AoI minimization problem of a wireless network with stochastic packet arrivals and unreliable links was studied in [11], where three common queuing disciplines, including first-input first-output (FIFO) queues, single packet queue, and no queues, were taken into account."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2057977639,"citingcorpusid":219062231,"citedcorpusid":1166406,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Because the closed-loop reference system in (19) is subject to (18), hence, (28) leads to ‖xrefτ1‖L∞ < ρr, (29)"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1952906960,"citingcorpusid":9298662,"citedcorpusid":144565184,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although early con fl ict theory held that con fl ict was always detrimental (Brown, 1983; Brett, 1984), more recent theory has recognised conditions where task-related con fl ict can be bene fi cial (Tjosvold, 1991).","Although early conflict theory held that conflict was always detrimental (Brown, 1983; Brett, 1984), more recent theory has recognised conditions where task-related conflict can be beneficial (Tjosvold, 1991)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2387753630,"citingcorpusid":145279041,"citedcorpusid":113438677,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["They and their collaborators have shown, likewise, how the subsequent erosion of both (with financial\ncommitment under attack from the ideology of ‘maximizing shareholder value’) undermined the US position in industries such as machine tools and jet engines (Forrant 2002; Almeida 2002)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":249793360,"citingcorpusid":640853,"citedcorpusid":9551299,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["One can now manipulate further this expression by using equation (6) and equation (19) to write","Using (15) and the definition n ≡ Ne−λt, equations (6) and (14) yield the interest rate","If R&D is zero, instead, equation (6) does not hold and hence (24) does not hold.","To see this, observe that the return to in-house innovation in (6) does not contain τΠ so that the the profits locus (24) does not shift with changes in τΠ."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1211136724,"citingcorpusid":196133502,"citedcorpusid":60172367,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Reading strategies are dependent on the kind of texts a person is reading, and the reader’s own prior knowledge and reading processes (Almasi & Fullerton, 2012).","may result from the challenges of explaining oneself to others or the collaborative effort to repair breakdowns in comprehension (Auckerman, 2007; Branden, 2000). By supporting readers’ problem solving, by providing scaffolds based on the readers’ contributions, by putting students back on the right track when they fail to solve comprehension problems, and by explaining new information teachers could improve readers’ comprehension (Braden, 2000). Sailors and Price (2010) found when teachers offered more opportunities to engage in comprehension strategies, students constructed explanations around those strategies and had positive changes in their reading achievement."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1211138043,"citingcorpusid":196133502,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["As described in previous research, (Hiebert & Martin, 2009; Reutzel, Fawson, & Smith, 2008) each of the teachers participating in this study provided access to a variety of books by maintaining a well-organized and easily accessible classroom library with a large quantity and variety of books.","Independent reading time has been shown to be an important component of effective reading instruction (Allington, 2009; Anderson, Wilson, & Fielding, 1988; Hiebert & Martin, 2009).","172! with print in authentic ways to encourage lifelong readers (Hiebert & Martin, 2009; Reutzel, Fawson, & Smith, 2008).","Hiebert and Martin (2009) stressed that blocks of independent reading time are a critical component of a reading curriculum while Shanahan (2016a, 2016b) has criticized independent reading time, specifically SSR and DEAR."],"intents":[["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1794424430,"citingcorpusid":211118158,"citedcorpusid":52033769,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[5], the complexity of the system is greatly reduced, especially at the receiver side, where the number of receivers are reduced from N×M to one.","[5], the number of receivers is reduced from N×M to one, which greatly simplify the structure of the MIMO radar system.","Many works have been done related to photonic-based radar [4], and also photonic-based MIMO radar [5,6]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3314792927,"citingcorpusid":233388560,"citedcorpusid":84667004,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Starch is a natural polysaccharide, mainly composed of amylose and amylopectin [19]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3623081389,"citingcorpusid":244804554,"citedcorpusid":153971915,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["RT encompasses all the actions and collaborative efforts of stakeholders at the destination to achieve sustainable tourism [2], and researchers have acknowledged positive contribution of RT in destination sustainability [3,4]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":875762902,"citingcorpusid":19805852,"citedcorpusid":39960415,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["We studied the antiepileptic drug valproic acid, since this drug is a suspected human teratogen (Robert and Rosa 1983; Bjerkedal et al. 1982; Lindhout and Meinardi 1984; Koch et al. 1983; Nau et al. 1981a)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":2946616381,"citingcorpusid":219168496,"citedcorpusid":19874737,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Selfharm and suicidality have been linked with past sexual assault or abuse (Asgeirsdottir et al., 2011; Behnken et al., 2010; Weierich & Nock, 2008).","Studies focused on the relationship between sexual trauma and self-harm have demonstrated a mediating effect of depressed mood (Asgeirsdottir et al., 2011), posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms (Weierich & Nock, 2008), and binge drinking (Behnken et al., 2010).","Other studies have found a relationship between the two variables (Jacobson et al., 2008; Weierich & Nock, 2008), but they were not evaluating recent trauma.","Finally, other biases in previous community studies include exclusion of the most impaired adolescents who were not attending school (Behnken et al., 2010) and assessment through written self-report, shown to underestimate the prevalence of sexual abuse (Weierich & Nock, 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4000871702,"citingcorpusid":254425437,"citedcorpusid":19874737,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Further investigation regarding sexual abuse specifically reveals that PTSD symptoms might be an important mediator between sexual abuse and NSSI, but this is a new area of research and is only beginning to be understood (Weierich and Nock 2008)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4028686567,"citingcorpusid":255381774,"citedcorpusid":74827744,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The chigger mite Leptotrombidium scutellare(Nagayo et al. 1921) was the first dominant species with the highest constituent ratio (Cr = 18.60"],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3255338127,"citingcorpusid":133736580,"citedcorpusid":129585180,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["(Drachev, 2011, 2016; Drachev and Shkarubo, 2018; Drachev et al., 1998, 2010; Franke et al., 2001, 2004, 2008; Ershova et al., 2016; Gottlieb et al., 2018; Kラゲげニラ et al., 2013; Miller et al., 2006, 2018; Natal'in et al., 1999; Nikishin et al., 2014, 2017; Piepjohn et al., 2018; Sakulina et al., 2016), the results of crustal gravity modelling presented in this paper, and the distribution of magnetic anomalies, we propose that the KラデWノげミ┞キが DW Lラミェが Nラヴデエ Wヴ;ミェWノ ;ミS Cエ┌ニIエキ BラヴSWヴノ;ミS HノラIニゲ ヴWヮヴWゲWミデ fragments of once single continental block with the Precambrian crust; we call it Bennett-Barrovia BノラIニ ;aデWヴ N;デ;ノげキミ Wデ ;ノく ふヱΓΓΓぶく Tエキゲ HノラIニ ┘;ゲ ヮヴラH;Hノ┞ ヮ;ヴデ ラa デエW AヴIデキI Aノ;ゲニ;-Chukotka Microcontinent, and was separated from the latter and dismembered by the intense crustal thinning and formation of the North Chukchi hyperextended basin."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2379153589,"citingcorpusid":118505563,"citedcorpusid":73619999,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…major galaxies host AGN and/or starbursts (e.g., Martínez et al. 2010; de Carvalho & Coziol 1999), and an ongoing or recent interaction between NGC 833 and NGC 835 has warped their galaxy disks and produced a dusty tidal arm extending east from NGC 835 toward NGC 838 (Konstantopoulos et al. 2013)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3772019958,"citingcorpusid":133736580,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["MCS A7 II MAGE/2007 832 8,100 m/12 s Poselov et al. (2012a), Piskarev et al. (2016) OBS ARCTIC-2007 II VNIIO & PMGRE /2007 650 460 km Poselov et al. (2012a) MCS LARGE8901 III LARGE/1989 580 3,000 m/6 s Drachev (2011)","Figure captures\nFig.","MCS A7 II MAGE/2007 832 8,100 m/12 s Poselov et al. (2012a), Piskarev et al. (2016) OBS ARCTIC-2007 II VNIIO & PMGRE /2007 650 460 km Poselov et al.","New geologic interpretation of the long-offset MCS profile ARS10F04 by Drachev and Shkarubo (2017) inferred デｴ;デ デｴW Uゲデげ LWﾐ; ‘ｷaデ B;ゲｷﾐ sedimentary fill may be underlain by serpentinised mantle, and that the rifting there has evolved to the stage of the complete crustal rupture and the upper mantle exhumation; the forward gravity modelling (Drachev et al., 2017) has shown that this interpretation is consistent with the observed gravity (Fig.","As shown in the Figure 12, the gravity response of this merged cross-section resulted in a significant up to ~90 mGal misfit between the observed and calculated gravity that was mostly caused by a mass deficit underneath the North Chukchi Basin and a mass excess underneath the Mendeleev Ridge.","For this study, we have merged TGS ARS10 and MAGE A4 models to produce a 765 km-long composite profile that crosses the northern part of the shelf and reveals a character of crustal extension across the Laptev Rift System (Fig.","MCS A4 I MAGE/2008-2009 660 8,100 m/12 s Drachev & Shkarubo (2018), Drachev et al.","We also introduced some density contrasts across the boundaries of crustal domains shown in Figure 2.","MCS A7 II MAGE/2007 832 8,100 m/12 s Poselov et al. (2012a), Piskarev et al.","5 km-thick continental crust of the De Long Massif, (ii) 10 to 26 km-thick crust of the deep-water Podvodnikov Basin, Arlis Gap and western fringes of the Alpha Ridge with the thickest crust occurring in the middle of the deepwater basin and the thinnest に below the continental slope area, and (iii) 6-13 km-thick crust of the Makarov deep-water basin (Fig. 10). The crustal velocity profile below the Podvodnikov Basin very closely resembles the velocity profiles of intraoceanic volcanic ridges and plateaus with a typical triplelayer structure of the crust dominated by a thick high-velocity and low-gradient lower crust (Gladczenko et al., 1997; Gohl et al., 2011). We use this resemblance to assume that the crustal province (ii) corresponds to typical magmatic (igneous) crust of HALIP, instead of continental crust as earlier inferred by Gramberg et al. (1993), Poselov et al.","Figure 16b shows a schematic reconstruction of the Bennett-Barrovia Block based on magnetic patterns.","Figure 9 shows the starting and final gravity models of the LARGE 8901 profile.","For the initial model in Figure 10 we have used the most recent version of the Transarctic seismic refraction velocity cross-section by Lebedeva-Ivanova et al. (2011).","Geotransect I: Northern Laptev Shelf\nThe Geotransect I is based on two long-offset MCS profiles, TGS ARS10 and MAGE A4 that provide reliable constraint on the crustal structure of the shelf down to the Moho.","Figure 16 demonstrates a scenario in which the Lomonosov Ridge has been restored to its pre-Eurasia Basin position using finite rotation parameters by Glebovsky et al. (2006), and the Laptev Rift System has been shortened to undo the Cretaceous-Cenozoic extension in two steps: (i) moving the De Long Block by ~65 km in a SW direction to close the New Siberian Rift between the De Long and New Siberian blocks, and (ii) moving both blocks as an intact microplate in a “W SｷヴWIデｷﾗﾐ デﾗ ゲｴﾗヴデWﾐ デｴW Uゲデげ LWﾐ; ‘ｷaデ H┞ ンヰヰ ﾆﾏ ｷﾐ デｴW ﾐﾗヴデｴ and 210 km in the central part of the shelf.",", 2014; Sokolov, 2010; Zonenshain et al., 1989, 1990). These events formed major fold-and-thrust belts (shortened to けaラノS HWノデsげ エWヴWキミぶが デエW Nラヴデエ Verkhoyansk, Cherskii, Chukotka Fold Belts, dominating geology of the mainland (Drachev, 2016; Oksman, 2003; Parfenov, 1991; Toro et al., 2016 and the references therein). At earlier stages of the ESAS exploration in the 20 century, many researchers speculated that these fold belts do not continue offshore, and the shelves are mostly occupied by old cratons (platforms in the Russian nomenclature) such as the East Siberian and Asian cratons (Atlasov et al., 1970; Muratov 1981) or their large fragments, with the Hyperborean Platform being the most discussed since the discovery of a slightly deformed Cambro-Ordovician section on Bennett Island by Edward Toll in 1903 (Wollosowitsch, 1909). Modern seismic results provide overwhelming evidence supporting an opposite concept, first proposed by Kropotkin and Shatalov (1936) suggesting that the late Mesozoic fold belts of the Northeast Asia extend offshore where, based on seismic data, they underlie the entire Laptev Shelf and southern parts of the East Siberian Sea and the Russian Chukchi Shelf (Drachev, 2002, 2011, 2016; Franke et al.","For the initial model in Figure 10 we have used the most recent version of the Transarctic seismic refraction velocity cross-section by Lebedeva-Ivanova et al. (2011). This cross-section has been further modified to incorporate recent seismic observations in this part of the Arctic, which are the Russian UNCLOS MCS profiles Arctic 2011-59, 2011-50, 2011-58-66, 14-09 and 14-06 (Piskarev et al.","Figure 16a illustrates the Getech magnetic grid along with the outlines of the crustal domains drawn based on magnetic field pattern and our final crustal models (see Table 2 for the main characteristics of these domains).","The crustal densities in this model are the same as in the initial model in Figure 5a, and are constrained by the seismic velocities; the sediment densities are somewhat different from those given in Figure 5a and are based on sonobuoy velocities by Jokat (2005).","5 km-thick continental crust of the De Long Massif, (ii) 10 to 26 km-thick crust of the deep-water Podvodnikov Basin, Arlis Gap and western fringes of the Alpha Ridge with the thickest crust occurring in the middle of the deepwater basin and the thinnest に below the continental slope area, and (iii) 6-13 km-thick crust of the Makarov deep-water basin (Fig. 10). The crustal velocity profile below the Podvodnikov Basin very closely resembles the velocity profiles of intraoceanic volcanic ridges and plateaus with a typical triplelayer structure of the crust dominated by a thick high-velocity and low-gradient lower crust (Gladczenko et al., 1997; Gohl et al., 2011). We use this resemblance to assume that the crustal province (ii) corresponds to typical magmatic (igneous) crust of HALIP, instead of continental crust as earlier inferred by Gramberg et al. (1993), Poselov et al. (2011), and Lebedeva-Ivanova et al.","The gravity data used for the 2D models and for the map in Figure 3 were derived from merging the Getech reprocessed satellite altimeter gravity data offshore with gridded gravity data onshore (Green and Fairhead, 1996; Fairhead et al., 2004).","To produce a better fit for the long wavelength gravity field component, we have implemented significant modifications to the Moho, MCD (continental crust) and the top of the middle crust discontinuity (the HALIP province) as shown in Figure 11a.","This cross-section has been further modified to incorporate recent seismic observations in this part of the Arctic, which are the Russian UNCLOS MCS profiles Arctic 2011-59, 2011-50, 2011-58-66, 14-09 and 14-06 (Piskarev et al., 2016), and the US-Canada LSSL2011-03/04 profile (Evangelatos et al., 2017; Mosher 2012); the location of these MCS profiles is given in Figure 1.","Note: vertical scales of the gravity charts in this figure and in Figures 5, 7, 9-15 are different.","The Geotransect I is based on two long-offset MCS profiles, TGS ARS10 and MAGE A4 that provide reliable constraint on the crustal structure of the shelf down to the Moho. The gravity modelling results for these profiles were published by Drachev et al. (2017) and so we refer readers to this publication for more details.","The resulting model along the ARS10F04 profile is based on the initial seismic interpretation by Drachev and Shkarubo (2017) and allows for the continental crust to be entirely thinned out in the axial part of the rift, where the sedimentary fill may be directly underlain by the exhumed and serpentinised upper continental mantle.","As shown in Figure 15a, the main difference between the initial (published) and the starting model was more accurate geometry of the top basement horizon.","Since the model in Figure 11a allows for preservation of a very thin lower continental crust below the continental slope depocenter, we have decided to test an alternative scenario with the exhumed serpentinised mantle flooring this depocenter (Fig."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,["result"],["methodology"],null,null,["result"],null,null,null,null,["methodology"],["methodology"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":2016344019,"citingcorpusid":24135090,"citedcorpusid":29552063,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Dolichol was said not to be an antioxidant, based on the evidence that reconstitution of npentane-extracted rat liver microsome and mitochondria with dolichols of different length did not decrease lipid peroxidation [37]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":982831759,"citingcorpusid":62829550,"citedcorpusid":154980148,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["While De Franco et al. (2011) solely use data from the companies based in USA, Yip and Young (2012) use data from 17 european countries.",": valuation accuracy\nDe Franco et al. (2011) Own method – regression of earning\nto returns\nIndep: Comp. measurement 1993- 2007\nUS Study researches\neffects of accounting comparability on quality of information environment Dep: Analysts choice, coverage, forecasts accuracy\nFrancis et al. (2014) Based…","De Franco et al. (2011) take a different approach and focus on the output of the financial reporting process, such as earnings.","What is also worth mentioning is that the difference between the studies by De Franco et al. (2011) and Yip and Young (2012) is evident also in the cross-country focus of the latter study.","Therefore, the new comparability measure has its base in the premise that “for a given set of economic events, two firms have comparable accounting systems if they produce similar financial statements” (De Franco et al., 2011).","Authors conduct an empirical study across countries, which is largely different from the US-based industry comparison from the study done by De Franco et al. (2011).","Except for the paper by De Franco et al. (2011) which is a good starting point to describe and discuss general idea of measuring financial statement comparability, there are three more important papers that take the same output-based approach (based on link between earnings and stock prices) and…","When it comes to comparability of financial statements in accounting research, the study by De Franco et al. (2011) can probably be seen as one of the most influential paper written recently.","ThIS study builds on the output-based financial statement comparability measurement first introduced by De Franco et al. (2011), and their contribution consists of refining the measurement of the construct under consideration.","…et. al (2012) focuses on the comparability of IFRS and GAAP (Generally accepted accounting principles) firms after their countries adopted IFRS, by using a procedure similar to the one used by De Franco et al. (2011) to examine the level to which IFRS adopters report similarly to US GAAP firms.","Also worth mentioning is that unlike De Franco et al. (2011), Yip and Young’s (2012), and Bhojraj and Lee’s measures, Kim et al.’s (2013) measures can also be used for firms with unlisted equity.","Moreover, De Franco et al. (2011) state that the similarity in these financial reporting numbers does not necessarily mean that financial reporting practices are similar.","In that regard and as mentioned in the important study by De Franco et al. (2011), the output-based approach to measuring accounting comparability has no less than three advantages in comparison to the input-based approach: 1) it is more objective because it does not require the selection and…","In line with the research of De Franco et al. (2011), this study shows that the concept of comparability has to capture similar accounting practices at the same time as economic factors need to be held constant."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],null,["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["result"]]}
{"citationid":3356892428,"citingcorpusid":233592709,"citedcorpusid":154980148,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The\nresults are consistent with footnote disclosures carrying important information for valuation (De\nFranco et al. 2011)."],"intents":[["result"]]}
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{"citationid":2697836793,"citingcorpusid":26539224,"citedcorpusid":24181125,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["050 In line with this presumption, earlier studies have reported about alterations in both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics following drug administration to hypovolemic animals [2–5]."],"intents":[["result"]]}
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{"citationid":3270104675,"citingcorpusid":231960593,"citedcorpusid":3562112,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["model [29] whereas up to 59% IKr block produces mere 21."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":2561752930,"citingcorpusid":31109868,"citedcorpusid":3816547,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the following, we show how to determine these paths and how to construct all values with a low average cost, by extending the linear approach published in [9].","We start by computing values of SubCrumb in the middle rounds 2, 3, and 4 simultaneously using a linear approach, similar as in the linearized match-in-the-middle step of [9]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":400858319,"citingcorpusid":1133334,"citedcorpusid":3816547,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A collision attack for this scenario was proposed in [24] for 5 rounds of AES with 256 computations.","AES-128 DM-mode 5 CF collision 256 232 265 [24] 6 CF collision 232 216 265 Section 5.","Several improvements have appeared through the new analyses, like start-from-the-middle attack [24] or Super-SBoxes [14, 21], which allow to control three rounds in the middle, multi-inbounds [23] which extend the number of rounds analyzed by a better use of the freedom degrees (better ways of merging the inbounds were proposed in [26]), or non-fully-active states [30] that permits to reduce the complexity of the outbound part."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":3806237958,"citingcorpusid":249752019,"citedcorpusid":3816547,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The rebound attack has since become a basic cryptanalysis tool to evaluate hash functions against collision attacks or distinguishing attacks [60,45,71,46,63,25,51,31,59]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1709901853,"citingcorpusid":2870862,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Indeed, this year’s NPC session has been dubbed as a “rich men’s club,” or even the “Beijing fashion week” (32)."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":997101356,"citingcorpusid":31397420,"citedcorpusid":388667,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Microvascular pO2 Distribution High resolution microvascular pO2 measurements were made using phosphorescence quenching microscopy(31)."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1830242300,"citingcorpusid":11970327,"citedcorpusid":4025611,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Confirmation of virus isolates was performed by IFA as reported previously (23).","Nasal aspirates in sterile PBS were collected from 38 children evaluated for MV and other respiratory virus infections as described previously (23).","The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA) provides a more rapid alternative which allows MV antigen detection in nasal aspirates and urine (14, 23)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3620312715,"citingcorpusid":244528302,"citedcorpusid":33099497,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…binding partners at distal sites have been shown to dictate EVhoming to specific organs (Hoshino et al., 2015) to develop pre-metastatic niches and enhancemetastasis (Costa-Silva et al., 2015; Grange et al., 2011; Hood et al., 2011; Hoshino et al., 2015; Jung et al., 2009; Peinado et al., 2012).","Surface associated proteins of L-EVs\nPrevious studies have shown that a pool of proteins can associate with EV surface and are functional (Costa-Silva et al., 2015; Ringuette Goulet et al., 2018; Rogers et al., 2020; Sung et al., 2015).","…EV surface ANXA1 promotes microcalcification (Rogers et al., 2020), FN1 facilitates cellular migration through tissues (Sung et al., 2015), TGFB1 triggers fibroblast differentiation (Ringuette Goulet et al., 2018) and MIF establishes pre-metastatic niche in the liver (Costa-Silva et al., 2015)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3620312526,"citingcorpusid":244528302,"citedcorpusid":533377,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Indeed, mitochondria can be actively sorted into plasma membrane blebs that are subsequently released in EVs (Islam et al., 2012; Nicolás-Ávila et al., 2020)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":3620313613,"citingcorpusid":244528302,"citedcorpusid":53114082,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["S-EVs versus surface proteins reported in CSPA (Bausch-Fluck et al., 2015), SURFY (Bausch-Fluck et al., 2018) or UniProt.","By definition, cellular surfaceome encompasses all plasma membrane proteins with at least one amino acid residue exposed to the extracellular space (Bausch-Fluck et al., 2018).","CD; cluster of differentiation, GPI; Glycosylphosphatidylinositol\nof which 284 are cellular surfaceome (CSPA proteins[Bausch-Fluck et al., 2015]) and 190 predicted as surfaceome (SURFY proteins [Bausch-Fluck et al., 2018]) (Figure 3a).","(d) Different classes of SURFY (Bausch-Fluck et al., 2018) predicted cellular surface proteins identified in each EV-subtype.","Bioinformatics and statistics\nCellular surfaceome data used include proteins previously experimentally verified as a cell surface protein atlas (CSPA) (BauschFluck et al., 2015) or predicted as surfaceome proteins based on SURFY (Bausch-Fluck et al., 2018).","Experimentally verified cell-surface proteins (CSPA) (Bausch-Fluck et al., 2015) and cellular surfaceome predicted by SURFY (Bausch-Fluck et al., 2018) were mapped onto global EV protein profiles.","We mapped experimentally verified cell-surface proteins (CSPA) (Bausch-Fluck et al., 2015) and surfaceome proteins based on cell surfaceome predictor SURFY (Bausch-Fluck et al., 2018) onto global EV protein profiles.","(a) Venn diagram of biotin-captured surface proteins in L-EVs versus surface proteins reported in CSPA (Bausch-Fluck et al., 2015), SURFY (Bausch-Fluck et al., 2018) or UniProt.",", 2015]) and 190 predicted as surfaceome (SURFY proteins [Bausch-Fluck et al., 2018]) (Figure 3a)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],null,["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3620312762,"citingcorpusid":244528302,"citedcorpusid":210984516,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[": such morphological diversity is observed in EVs released by single cell-type (Théry et al., 2018) as well isolated from body fluids (plasma [Gallart-Palau et al., 2015], serum [Chen et al., 2013], cerebrospinal fluid [Chen et al., 2013; Emelyanov et al., 2020] and semen [Poliakov et al., 2009])."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1160723657,"citingcorpusid":122756961,"citedcorpusid":16196477,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Under that condition the absolute continuity of self-similar measures was studied in [12], the general multifractal structure was considered in [10] and many special cases have been analyzed in detail in [11, 3] and [16].","We remark that the original definition of WSC in [10] is not suitable for self-affine IFS.","The concept of weak separation condition was defined in [10] for self-similar IFS.","In another direction Lau and Ngai [10] introduced a condition for self-similar IFS named weak separation condition (WSC), which is weaker than the OSC and includes many IFS with overlaps."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1641778741,"citingcorpusid":18641909,"citedcorpusid":16649586,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["A wide variety of human health traits including cancer, reproductive health, drug metabolism, wound healing, and cardiovascular disease have been successfully studied using the pig [1-4]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1099114133,"citingcorpusid":60511323,"citedcorpusid":432340,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In particular, it was shown in [68] that, based on this theory, a numerically backward stable solver of low complexity can be derived realizing a URV factorization of an operator T , in which U and V are low unitary matrices of state dimensions at most as large as those of T and R is causal, outer and also of state dimensions at most equal those of T ."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1543198679,"citingcorpusid":104342649,"citedcorpusid":17999386,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is an openly held view that the mammalian neonatal ovary consists of a finite stockpile of non-growing primordial follicles each includes an oocyte arrested at the diplotene step of meiotic prophase (Greenfeld & Flaws, 2004; Kerr et al., 2006; Said et al., 2014 and Telfer et al., 2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":444748643,"citingcorpusid":18912354,"citedcorpusid":19348930,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Since spermatozoa are transported preferentially into the tube ipsilateral to the dominant follicle, this asymmetric uterine function may be controlled by the ovary via direct effects utilising the utero–ovarian counter current system, in addition to the systemic circulation (Kunz et al., 1998)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":444749072,"citingcorpusid":18912354,"citedcorpusid":12759260,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Temperature differences may not be localized to the ovary only, a preovulatory temperature gradient was found between the isthmus and ampulla of pig oviducts during the phase of sperm storage (Hunter and Nichol, 1986)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":444748734,"citingcorpusid":18912354,"citedcorpusid":23067212,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…relaxin and insulin) in laboratory animals, sheep, pigs, and cows (McCracken et al., 1972; Land et al., 1976; Poyser et al., 1976; Walsh et al., 1976; Kotwica et al., 1981; Krzymowski et al., 1981; McCracken et al., 1984; Schramm et al., 1986a,b; Einer-Jensen, 1988; Koziorowski et al., 1988).","Transfer of peptides such as oxytocin and relaxin has been found in animal experiments (Schramm et al., 1986a,b).","The ovarian artery in sheep supplies the tubal part of the uterine horn via arterial communication between the ovarian and uterine arteries (Schramm et al., 1986b)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1640922321,"citingcorpusid":158219824,"citedcorpusid":150150395,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…do trabalho apontam a relação entre liderança e cultura organizacional como tema contemporâneo sendo que diversos trabalhos indicam a interdependência entre ambos os constructos (Kargas & Varoutas, 2015; Merhi, Vasconcelos, Lopes & Silva, 2010; Schein, 2009; Rijal, 2016; Tsai, Wu & Chung, 2009)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1733153623,"citingcorpusid":210063594,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…differentiation; knowledge for handling tasks requested by the members, unique skills, positive and friendly behavior towards the members, time management, attitude, consistency and accuracy, honesty, communication skills and care when handling customers (as cited in Rasouli and Sepideh 2018).","Employee differentiation is a unique way of overcoming competitive pressure and increasing performance (Rasouli & Sepideh, 2018).","The study of Rasouli and Sepideh (2018) noted a significant relationship between employee differentiation and organizational performance.","A study by Rasouli and Sepideh (2018) on differentiation strategy and performance of women clothing stores in Tehran, applied a sample of 100 in the study focusing on women managers."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1892237572,"citingcorpusid":4059000,"citedcorpusid":1349036,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The species has been patented for modern drugs such as prostate cancer medicine [16] and has a very high ethnomedicinal value [17–20]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":580482504,"citingcorpusid":54844534,"citedcorpusid":13476923,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["© ARCHIVES OF BUDO SCIENCE OF MARTIAL ARTS AND EXTREME SPORTS 2013 | VOLUME 9 | 13 with BUA parameter, although no correlation was found for SOS parameter [23]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3938272965,"citingcorpusid":252317076,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…problema de bosques y selvas tropicales es la sobreexplotación de especies arbóreas consideradas preciosas (MARTÍNEZ y GARCÍA, 2007), lo cual según BRAVO (2007), se debe a la calidad, durabilidad y color de la madera; situación en la que se encuentra el cedro colorado (Cedrela odorata L.), por…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1057430789,"citingcorpusid":119460785,"citedcorpusid":121717844,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This semi-classical study also showed that the eigenfunctions of a Hamiltonian of a non-integrable system should display the statistical properties of Gaussian random coefficients [9], in contrast to an integrable system whose wavefunction cannot be a Gaussian random function."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3282263592,"citingcorpusid":232086063,"citedcorpusid":21361517,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["This is explained because Lutrol F127, one hydrophilic polymer, shows higher affinity with saline medium and the diffusion of the drug through swollen polymer layer is faster; in the case of Luwax EVA 3, there is less affinity with saline medium, and its penetration in the pores with subsequent erosion and drug diffusion occurs more slowly [22].","This is explaine because Lutrol F127, one hydrophilic polymer, shows higher affinity with saline medium and the diffusion of the drug through swollen polymer layer is faster; in the case of Luwax EVA 3, there is less affinity with saline medium, and its penetration in the pores with subsequent erosion and drug diffusion occurs more slowly [22]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":824322606,"citingcorpusid":16497593,"citedcorpusid":7967029,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, SAA is co-localized with apoB in atherosclerotic lesions in HF fed apoE2/2 mice [49]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":268804062,"citingcorpusid":16827498,"citedcorpusid":12930687,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Secondly, it is possible to demonstrate the killing of E. granulosus oncospheres by antibody raised against EG95 together with complement (Heath and Lawrence, 1981; Heath et al., 1981; Heath et al., 1994; Woollard et al., 1998; 1999).","granulosus oncospheres by antibody raised against EG95 together with complement (Heath and Lawrence, 1981; Heath et al., 1981; Heath et al., 1994; Woollard et al., 1998; 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2289683207,"citingcorpusid":20631201,"citedcorpusid":43408150,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The rule-of-thumb known as ‘‘Bouma’s law” refers to the linear change in critical spacing as a function of eccentricity (Bouma, 1970; Pelli et al., 2004, 2007; Rosen et al., 2014; Strasburger, 2005; Strasburger et al., 2011).","Although this measure (the ‘‘Bouma constant”) can vary amongst individual subjects (Pelli et al., 2007) and the stimuli used (Rosen, Chakravarthi, & Pelli, 2014), its value, especially the linear relationship with eccentricity (Bouma, 1970; Jacobs, 1979; Pelli et al., 2004; Toet & Levi, 1992), can…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1787952699,"citingcorpusid":144813510,"citedcorpusid":42125576,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["First, no systematical and causal positive relationship between these two constructs can be made (e.g., Powell et al. 2003) and, second, that psychological maladjustment and stress-related psychological growth can co-exist at the same time (Tedeschi et al. 2007; Zoellner and Maercker 2006)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1610664541,"citingcorpusid":144813510,"citedcorpusid":145428433,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The majority of studies found that non-recently-divorced adults reported greater PAD than recently-divorced adults (Hetherington and Kelly 2002; Lorenz et al. 1997; Mastekaasa 1994b; Sweeper and Halford 2006).","PAD (Mastekaasa 1994a), the general findings in past research state that men tend to report lower PAD than women (for review Braver et al.","Furthermore, despite the fact that not all the studies document gender differences in the PAD (Mastekaasa 1994a), the general findings in past research state that men tend to report lower PAD than women (for review Braver et al. 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["result"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":101098804,"citingcorpusid":8643433,"citedcorpusid":7073479,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["), which are rater common in the mining industry [5].","For instance, it has been demonstrated its suitability, even under variable regimes [5], as well as its reliability in situations where MCSA may provide a false indication [6-10].","This constraint is especially critical in some mining applications where the speed continuously changes, as it will be shown in this paper [5]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3286358165,"citingcorpusid":219136037,"citedcorpusid":154664154,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["through reputation building (Milgrom and Roberts, 1982) or signal jamming via investment, operating activities, and disclosure (Fudenberg and Tirole, 1986; Darrough and Stoughton, 1990; Wagenhofer, 1990).","…models of deterring entry have shown that incumbents actively defend against new entrants through reputation building (Milgrom and Roberts, 1982) or signal jamming via investment, operating activities, and disclosure (Fudenberg and Tirole, 1986; Darrough and Stoughton, 1990; Wagenhofer, 1990).","…entrants prompts firms to increase investments to build reputation of tough, provide more trade credit to lock in customers, and increase optimistic disclosures to release good news (Milgrom and Roberts, 1982; Fudenberg and Tirole 1986; Darrough and Stoughton 1990; Wagenhofer 1990; Horen, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":518826136,"citingcorpusid":1449281,"citedcorpusid":13606794,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…fadrazole (the so-called second generation aromatase inhibitors] were developed first (Foster et al. 1985, Beretta et al. 1990, Dowsett et al. 1990, Lonning et al. 1991, Trunet et al. 1992); they were followed subsequently by triazole inhibitors (the third generation aromatase inhibitors), which…","1990, Lipton et al. 1990, Lonning et al. 1991, 1997, Evans et al.\n1992, Trunet et al. 1992, 1996, Johnstone t al.","†References: Brodie et al. 1977, Coombes et al. 1984, 1992, Foster et al. 1985, Goss et al. 1986, 1999, Beretta et al. 1990, Bhatnagar et al. 1990, Dowsett 1990, Dowsett et al. 1990, Lipton et al. 1990, Lonning et al. 1991, 1997, Evans et al. 1992, Trunet et al. 1992, 1996, Johnstone et al. 1994,…","Endocrine-Related Cancer (1999) 6 277-291 Online version via http://www.endocrinology.org 1351-0088/99/006-277 © 1999 Society for Endocrinology Printed in Great Britain\nEndocrine-Related Cancer (1999) 6 277-291\ntherapies, await the termination of present trials and the start of new initiatives.","…(the so-called second generation aromatase inhibitors] were developed first (Foster et al. 1985, Beretta et al. 1990, Dowsett et al. 1990, Lonning et al. 1991, Trunet et al. 1992); they were followed subsequently by triazole inhibitors (the third generation aromatase inhibitors), which…","…1992, Foster et al. 1985, Goss et al. 1986, 1999, Beretta et al. 1990, Bhatnagar et al. 1990, Dowsett 1990, Dowsett et al. 1990, Lipton et al. 1990, Lonning et al. 1991, 1997, Evans et al. 1992, Trunet et al. 1992,\nDownloaded from Bioscientifica.com at 12/08/2018 09:29:20AM via free…","…1992, Foster et al. 1985, Goss et al. 1986, 1999, Beretta et al. 1990, Bhatnagar et al. 1990, Dowsett 1990, Dowsett et al. 1990, Lipton et al. 1990, Lonning et al. 1991, 1997, Evans et al. 1992, Trunet et al. 1992, 1996, Johnstone et al. 1994, Plourde et al. 1994, Geisler et al. 1996, Bergh et…"],"intents":[["background"],null,null,["background"],["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":3694148614,"citingcorpusid":1449281,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["1995), and the genesis of selective estrogen receptor modulators have started on a large scale (Clemens et al. 1983, Gottardis & Jordan 1987, Cole et al. 1997, Delmas et al. 1997, Rowley et al. 1997, Sporn et al. 1997, Cummings et al. 1998, Jordan 1998).","The first large US trial of raloxifen in osteoporosis, with a study population of more than 7700 postmenopausal women, was a randomized study of raloxifen compared with placebo (Delmas et al. 1997, Cummings et al. 1998).","…SERMs\nRaloxifen represents the new generation of agents - selective estrogen receptor modulators, the SERMs (Clemens et al. 1983, Gottardis & Jordan 1987, Cole et al. 1997, Delmas et al. 1997, Rowley et al. 1997, Sporn et al. 1997, Cummings et al. 1998, Jordan 1998, Jordan et al. 1998).","Results confirmed not only a substantial prevention of bone loss, but also an impressive reduction of contralateral breast cancer incidence (Cummings et al. 1998, Jordan et al. 1998)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2812333601,"citingcorpusid":143632,"citedcorpusid":122362360,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["First we examine the difference between the Eulerian and the Lagrangian approximations, which has been discussed in the pressureless case by Schneider & Bartelmann (1995).","In this sense, it is natural that the results by Schneider & Bartelmann (1995) and ours have similar tendency.","∝ |k|−1 for large |k| in a one-dimensional system (Schneider & Bartelmann 1995).","This fact has been observed also in the pressureless case (Schneider & Bartelmann 1995)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":381040295,"citingcorpusid":49392269,"citedcorpusid":24619667,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore we found a skeletal compression of 5mm by Walla Ridge [16] (Figure 8).","The transversal dimension was deficient, with a maxillary compression of 7 mm by Walla [16] (Figure 1)."],"intents":[null,null]}
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{"citationid":558263124,"citingcorpusid":55979293,"citedcorpusid":131079276,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, an attenuation relationship is used to provide probabilistic estimates of PGA expected at a given distance for an earthquake of given magnitude: at this regard we adopted the relationship obtained by Sabetta and Pugliese (1996), calibrated on an Italian accelerometric database."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":885241616,"citingcorpusid":3817412,"citedcorpusid":129595582,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["339 Strong leaching recovers near magmatic isotope values but also affect Sm, Nd, and Th 340 concentrations in more altered rocks, which leads to elevated age-corrected Nd isotope 341\nratios (e.g., Thompson et al., 2008) and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb values as reported by Huang et al. (2005)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":311808574,"citingcorpusid":13677983,"citedcorpusid":129595582,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…selected because they are well suited to the study of the geochemical development of the early arc, because they are resistant to seawater alteration, and generally will record the signature of magma source (Staudigel et al., 1995; Kelley et al., 2003; Thompson et al., 2008; Chauvel et al., 2009).","development of the early arc, because they are resistant to seawater alteration, and generally will record the signature of magma source (Staudigel et al., 1995; Kelley et al., 2003; Thompson et al., 2008; Chauvel et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3861375196,"citingcorpusid":239987590,"citedcorpusid":208316522,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In [21], a relative study of five soft computing techniques, namely, DE, PSO, evolutionary programming (EP), GA, and simulated annealing (SA), is suggested to dynamic ELDP by taking into consideration the constraints such as generator ramp rate limits."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":4059818562,"citingcorpusid":256775748,"citedcorpusid":18227265,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["As the solution, hyperelasticity models have been proposed since the models consider the non-linear nature of dielectric elastomers resulting from long and flexible polymer chains (Moscardo et al., 2008).","Various hyperelasticity models have been adopted to estimate the strain energy, such as the neo-Hookean, Gent, Yeoh, and Mooney-Rivlin models (Kovacs et al., 2007; Moscardo et al., 2008; Tryson et al., 2009; Awadalla and Anees, 2011; Sarban et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2016; Amin and Assal, 2018; Li L. et al., 2019)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":942016768,"citingcorpusid":16858603,"citedcorpusid":20831383,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In [9] we considered a simple query language only allowing for select-queries in combination with a policy language being equivalent to the query language L c q introduced in Subsect.","Our implementation makes use of “classification instances”, introduced in [9]."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3872677515,"citingcorpusid":190878195,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Sediment characteristics including organic matter content were determined following the methods described in buchanan (1984). Sediments were dried to constant weight at 60 °C.","Monthly length-frequency data were analyzed using the FiSAT ΙΙ software as explained in detail by Gayanilo et al. (2005). The growth parameters; asymptotic shell length (L∞ in mm) and growth co-efficient (K, yr -1) of the Von Bertalanffy Growth Formula (VBGF) were estimated by means of ELEFAN-Ι (pauly and david, 1981; pauly and MorGan, 1987).","kandeel (2017) reported that the minimum size at sexual maturity for V.","Sediment characteristics including the statistical parameters derived from the cumulative frequency curves are listed in Tab. 1. On the basis of the Wentworth scale, the sediments were described as medium sand and fine sand at Taawen site and Etap site, respectively. The quartile deviation (QDf) indicates that the sediment particles fell within the moderately well sorted categories as defined by Folk (1974). The two sites have negatively skewed sediments (- 0.","Recruitment pattern was continuous throughout the year with two major peaks during December and March at Taawen site (Fig. 15). For Etap site, one minor peak was observed during August and one major peak during January. This annual pattern of recruitment was confined by FiSAT method. Recruitment pattern coincides with spawning pattern which was continuous throughout the year in a poorly defined pattern (kandeel, 2006). This mode of reproduction makes precise prediction of spawning events or of subsequent recruitment pulses very difficult (hooker and creese, 1995). However, mass spawning of V. aurea were observed in September, December and April (kandeel, 2006). Recruited juvenile relative to the total population all over the study period (Fig. 15) was higher in Taawen site (34.50%) than in Etap site (20.47%). This indicates the successful settlement and recruitment of the clam larvae (GoslinG, 2003). Successful recruitment to the adult population may be highly variable in space and time, reflecting the demographic diversity of a population (alFaro, 2006; deGraer et al., 2007). The southern region of Lake Timsah around Taawen area is the main fishery ground for V. aurea which covers a large area of high density clams (MohaMMed et al., 1991). Also, the present study showed that the population size of V. aurea at Taawen site was found as higher than that of Etap site (Fig. 2) indicating that sediment characteristics of this site are suitable for larval settlement and adult survival as reported by MohaMMed et al. (1992). On the basis of the Wentworth scale, the sediments of Taawen site were described as medium sand. The quartile deviation (QDf) indicates that the sediment particles fell within the moderately well sorted categories as defined by Folk (1974). The highest proportion (12.","Lc is the average length (mm) of recruits representing the first observed mode. In this study, Lc was 5 mm in Taawen site and 4 mm in Etap site. The theoretical maximum age; longevity (Tmax) was calculated for each population using the following equation constructed by Michaelson and neves (1995),","The exploitation rate (E) is the portion of total mortality due to fisheries and was obtained by the relationship of Gulland (1971):","Recruitment pattern was continuous throughout the year with two major peaks during December and March at Taawen site (Fig. 15). For Etap site, one minor peak was observed during August and one major peak during January. This annual pattern of recruitment was confined by FiSAT method. Recruitment pattern coincides with spawning pattern which was continuous throughout the year in a poorly defined pattern (kandeel, 2006). This mode of reproduction makes precise prediction of spawning events or of subsequent recruitment pulses very difficult (hooker and creese, 1995). However, mass spawning of V. aurea were observed in September, December and April (kandeel, 2006). Recruited juvenile relative to the total population all over the study period (Fig. 15) was higher in Taawen site (34.50%) than in Etap site (20.47%). This indicates the successful settlement and recruitment of the clam larvae (GoslinG, 2003). Successful recruitment to the adult population may be highly variable in space and time, reflecting the demographic diversity of a population (alFaro, 2006; deGraer et al., 2007). The southern region of Lake Timsah around Taawen area is the main fishery ground for V. aurea which covers a large area of high density clams (MohaMMed et al., 1991). Also, the present study showed that the population size of V. aurea at Taawen site was found as higher than that of Etap site (Fig. 2) indicating that sediment characteristics of this site are suitable for larval settlement and adult survival as reported by MohaMMed et al. (1992). On the basis of the Wentworth scale, the sediments of Taawen site were described as medium sand.","Length-structured virtual population analysis (VPA) modified from Jones and van ZalinGs (1981) was adapted to accommodate length-frequency data representing mean annual catch at length.","Total mortality (Z, yr -1) was estimated by length-converted catch curve method (pauly, 1983a; 1990). FiSAT outputs Z yr -1 as well as the 95% confidence intervals surrounding Z based on the goodness of fit of the regression. Natural mortality rate (M) was derived through the empirical equation of pauly (1980):"],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],null,["methodology"],["background"],null,["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3433269955,"citingcorpusid":237327685,"citedcorpusid":123325537,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In the literature, the exponential, gamma, lognormal, and Weibull distributions of the models are used to represent marginal models of the duration and severity data [40,61]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1571106010,"citingcorpusid":143583004,"citedcorpusid":27566663,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…processing procedures are strongly biased to assign the nominative role to animate noun phrases as shown by the strong preference for animate subjects in sentence production (Bock, 1986a; Bock & Loebell, 1990; Bock, Loebell, & Morey, 1992; Clark, 1966; Dewart, 1979; McDonald, Bock, & Kelly, 1993).","In particular, it is posited that the noun that reaches activation first grabs the sentence subject position (Bock, 1986a), forcing the rest of the sentence to accommodate to this (as in the juice example above).","Functional processing procedures are strongly biased to assign the nominative role to animate noun phrases as shown by the strong preference for animate subjects in sentence production (Bock, 1986a; Bock & Loebell, 1990; Bock, Loebell, & Morey, 1992; Clark, 1966; Dewart, 1979; McDonald, Bock, & Kelly, 1993).","Much of the experimental research on sentence production has been aimed at overcoming the tendency to produce active sentences (Bock, 1986b, 1989; Bock Loebell, 1990; Bock et al., 1992; F. Ferreira, 1994; V. S. Ferreira, 1996); however, for the most part, attempts to elicit passive sentences using…","…and the theme is animate (e.g., a car hitting a man); they often produce a passive to ensure an animate-subject sentence (e.g., The man was hit by a car), rather than active sentence with an inanimate subject (e.g., The car hit the man) (Bock, 1986a; Bock & Loebell, 1990; Bock et al., 1992)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":928480330,"citingcorpusid":1542093,"citedcorpusid":27566663,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…notion that the production of a word occurs in two fairly distinct stages, one involving the retrieval of the word’s semantic and syntactic information and the other involving the retrieval of the corresponding lexical-phonological information (Bock 1986; Caramazza 1997; Dell 1986; Levelt 1989).","The paper presents an experiment and provides a discussion aiming at clarifying some of the variables that affect verb production and render semantic interference effects difficult to observe."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3924060130,"citingcorpusid":13664677,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…editor Nora Nock\nAdditional Information and Declarations can be found on page 9\nDOI 10.7717/peerj.4700\nCopyright 2018 Štefan et al.\nDistributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0\nApproximately 30% of children and adolescents present mental disorders in the United States (Costello et al., 2003).","Mental health disorders have become one of the main public health problems worldwide, with special increasing prevalence among youth (Costello et al., 2003).","Approximately 30% of 61 children and adolescents present mental disorders in the United States (Costello et al., 2003).","PeerJ 6:e4700; DOI 10.7717/peerj.4700\nSubmitted 1 February 2018 Accepted 13 April 2018 Published 30 April 2018\nCorresponding author Lovro Štefan, lovro.stefan1510@gmail.com\nAcademic editor Nora Nock\nAdditional Information and Declarations can be found on page 9\nDOI 10.7717/peerj.4700\nCopyright 2018 Štefan et al.\nDistributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0\nApproximately 30% of children and adolescents present mental disorders in the United States (Costello et al., 2003).","58 Introduction 59 Mental health disorders have become one of the main public health problems worldwide, with 60 special increasing prevalence among youth (Costello et al., 2003).","On the other hand, it has been reported that 40% of young adults from United States do not meet the recommendations of National physical activity guidelines (150 min of moderate or 75 min of vigorous physical activity weekly) leading to excessive weight gain (Malhotra et al., 2013) and other diseases (Warburton, Nicol & Bredin, 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null]}
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I used T84 monolayers to confirm these findings and develop a tissue culture model to study the rapid effects of 17 β-estradiol on epithelial Cl ̄ secretion. Initial experiments were developed to confirm the observations of Singh and others (2000) who have used T84 monolayers to study epithelial Cl ̄ secretion.","29 transport, respond to hormones and neurotransmitters, and undergo morphologic and functional transformation in response to changes in their external environment. The T84 cell line is a convenient model to study colonic Cl ̄ secretion and crypt cell function. I have investigated the nongenomic effects of 17 β-estradiol on epithelial Cl ̄ secretion using the T84 cell line. Condliffe and others (2001) have reported that a physiological concentration of 17 β-estradiol rapidly reduced the forskolin stimulation of Cl ̄ secretion in the distal colon of female rats. Additionally, in the rat distal colonic epithelium, a brief incubation of distal colonic epithelial sheets with 10-100 nM concentration of 17 β-estradiol significantly reduced the Cl ̄ secretory responses to Ca dependent secretagogue carbachol (Condliffe and others 2001). I used T84 monolayers to confirm these findings and develop a tissue culture model to study the rapid effects of 17 β-estradiol on epithelial Cl ̄ secretion. Initial experiments were developed to confirm the observations of Singh and others (2000) who have used T84 monolayers to study epithelial Cl ̄ secretion. Singh and others (2000) have reported that 17 β-estradiol caused a rapid and reversible inhibition of forskolin-stimulated Cl ̄ secretion across T84 monolayers with a Ki of 8 μM. 17 α-estradiol was equipotent with 17 βestradiol, arguing against a genomic-mediated mechanism of action. Their data suggested that estrogens can interact directly with CFTR to alter anion transport. My initial experiments confirmed the observations of Singh and others (2000). I found that 17 β-estradiol inhibited","30 I have used thapsigargin and carbachol to stimulate Cl ̄ secretion by raising intracellular calcium. Contrary to the observations of Condliffe and others (2001), my studies have revealed that 17 β-estradiol potentiates Ca dependent Cl ̄ secretion.","Recently, the crystallisation of wild-type human CFTR has been accomplished (Rosenberg and others 2004). Rosenberg and others (2004) have reported the formation of twodimensional crystalline arrays of CFTR in the presence of the high affinity ligand, AMP-PMP.","71 of thapsigargin-stimulated Cl ̄ secretion, but only at 50 μM steroid concentrations. At 5 μM steroid concentration, the inhibitory action of 17 β-estradiol on cAMP-stimulated chloride secretion is minimal compared to its potentiating effect on Ca-stimulated chloride secretion. Both the inhibitory and potentiating actions of 17 β-estradiol occur simultaneously. 17 βestradiol causes a minimal inhibition of cAMP-stimulated chloride secretion by partially blocking CFTR Cl ̄ channels, but in the presence of increasing intracellular Ca potentiates chloride secretion by stimulating the opening of additional conductive pathways. 17 β-estradiol may potentiate Ca-stimulated chloride secretion by opening store-operated calcium channels, increasing the sensitivity of CFTR activation to the rise in intracellular Ca and triggering some additional signal transduction pathways. Condliffe and others (2001) have reported that a physiological concentration of 17 βestradiol rapidly reduced the forskolin stimulation of Cl ̄ secretion in the distal colon of female rats. Additionally, in the rat distal colonic epithelium, a brief incubation of distal colonic epithelial sheets with 10-100 nM concentration of 17 β-estradiol significantly reduced the Cl ̄ secretory responses to Ca dependent secretagogue carbachol (Condliffe and others 2001). This study has demonstrated that supraphysiological concentration of 17 β-estradiol inhibits cAMPstimulated chloride secretion but enhances Ca-stimulated chloride secretion in T84 monolayers. This difference is due to the model of Cl ̄ secretion used by Condliffe and others (2001). I have used the T84 colonic adenocarcinoma cell line (derived from a 72 year old man)","Anderson RG. 1998.","29 transport, respond to hormones and neurotransmitters, and undergo morphologic and functional transformation in response to changes in their external environment. The T84 cell line is a convenient model to study colonic Cl ̄ secretion and crypt cell function. I have investigated the nongenomic effects of 17 β-estradiol on epithelial Cl ̄ secretion using the T84 cell line. Condliffe and others (2001) have reported that a physiological concentration of 17 β-estradiol rapidly reduced the forskolin stimulation of Cl ̄ secretion in the distal colon of female rats. Additionally, in the rat distal colonic epithelium, a brief incubation of distal colonic epithelial sheets with 10-100 nM concentration of 17 β-estradiol significantly reduced the Cl ̄ secretory responses to Ca dependent secretagogue carbachol (Condliffe and others 2001). I used T84 monolayers to confirm these findings and develop a tissue culture model to study the rapid effects of 17 β-estradiol on epithelial Cl ̄ secretion. Initial experiments were developed to confirm the observations of Singh and others (2000) who have used T84 monolayers to study epithelial Cl ̄ secretion. 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Both the inhibitory and potentiating actions of 17 β-estradiol occur simultaneously. 17 βestradiol causes a minimal inhibition of cAMP-stimulated chloride secretion by partially blocking CFTR Cl ̄ channels, but in the presence of increasing intracellular Ca potentiates chloride secretion by stimulating the opening of additional conductive pathways. 17 β-estradiol may potentiate Ca-stimulated chloride secretion by opening store-operated calcium channels, increasing the sensitivity of CFTR activation to the rise in intracellular Ca and triggering some additional signal transduction pathways. Condliffe and others (2001) have reported that a physiological concentration of 17 βestradiol rapidly reduced the forskolin stimulation of Cl ̄ secretion in the distal colon of female rats.","29 transport, respond to hormones and neurotransmitters, and undergo morphologic and functional transformation in response to changes in their external environment. The T84 cell line is a convenient model to study colonic Cl ̄ secretion and crypt cell function. I have investigated the nongenomic effects of 17 β-estradiol on epithelial Cl ̄ secretion using the T84 cell line. Condliffe and others (2001) have reported that a physiological concentration of 17 β-estradiol rapidly reduced the forskolin stimulation of Cl ̄ secretion in the distal colon of female rats."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,["background"],["methodology"]]}
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PSRFs are based on the assumption that multiple chains using the same data should have the same variation within each chain as they do between them, if this has not occurred then the chains have clearly not converged (Gelman et al.","One such alternative is the folded-noncentral-t prior distribution described in Gelman (2006), which gives a redundant multiplicative reparameterisation to the model in Figure 4.","One such alternative is the folded-noncentral-t prior distribution described in Gelman (2006), which gives a redundant multiplicative reparameterisation to the model in Figure 4.5a. This prior has several potential advantages over the Inverse-Gamma prior. Firstly it is considered to be a prior that better represents non-informativeness. While the posterior distribution can be sensitive to the fixed hyper-parameter settings of an Inverse-Gamma prior, the impact is reduced when the folded-non-central-t prior is used. In that case the posterior distribution does not have a sharp peak at zero unlike with an vague Inverse-Gamma prior, reducing problems with underestimating the variance. Secondly, Gelman (2006) found that the folded-noncentral-t prior results in a more realistic posterior distribution of σ(2) b,g when there are only a few random effects (usually less than 8) in each group g. The author showed that the posterior distribution reflected the marginal distribution well at its low end, but removed its unrealistically heavy tail; see Figure 2 in Gelman (2006). Doing this ensures that σ(2) b,g is not overestimated and does not lead to non-optimal shrinkage of bg.","Following Gelman (2006), we fix μξ = 0 which leads to the half-t distribution.","(b) Half-t prior specified in a hierarchical manner, as suggested by Gelman (2006). 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{"citationid":1411632792,"citingcorpusid":92203310,"citedcorpusid":9273869,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Out of this 55 IBV isolates were subjected to RFLP analysis that grouped the isolates into three segments, first was designated as 4/91 like group, second was designated as Mass-41 like group and the third was designated as IBV variant.","Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)…………………………….","For the detection and typing of locally circulating Pak-IBV isolates following\ntechniques were first optimized including, haemagglutination (HA), haemagglutination inhibition (HI), Indirect-Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR), virus neutralization (VN).","Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)……………………………….","RFLP patterns of the PCR-amplified S1 glycoprotein gene of Pak-\n1113 IBV isolate digested with restriction enzymes (Hae III, Bst Y, Alu I & Xcm I) using 2% agarose gel\n114\n36.","INDEX WORDS: Infectious bronchitis virus, Pak-variants, Spike glycoprotein,\nRFLP, Real time RT-PCR, Co-infection, Tissue tropism","RFLP- PCR Reaction mixture using invitrogen Superscript one step\nRT-PCR Kit\n66\n14.","Kwon et al., 1993 developed a similar test but amplified the whole spike 1 gene (Kwon et al., 1993b).","…between the genotype and serotype of IBV strains correlation has been contradictory; while several authors have reported high correlation (Keeler et al., 1998; Kwon et al., 1993b; Lin et al., 1991), a number of reports by other authors have detected conflicting results (Kusters et al., 1987b).","RFLP Analysis…………………………………………………………….. 4.24.",", 1993 developed a similar test but amplified the whole spike 1 gene (Kwon et al., 1993b).","Unfortunately between the genotype and serotype of IBV strains correlation has been contradictory; while several authors have reported high correlation (Keeler et al., 1998; Kwon et al., 1993b; Lin et al., 1991), a number of reports by other authors have detected conflicting results (Kusters et al.","Once synthesized, the replicative enzymes produce a 3’ co-terminal nested set of five to seven sub genomic mRNA’s, each containing a unique 5’ encoding region, only mRNA unique region is translated (Kwon et al., 1993b).",", 1996) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (Kwon et al., 1993b).","The product then subjected to RFLP analysis with three enzymes, BstYI, HaeIII, and XcmI.","Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)……………………….","To differentiate certain serotypes some of the recently developed methods based on RT-PCR (Keeler et al., 1998; Kwon et al., 1993b).","RFLP pattern of selected strains of Pak-IBVs compared with\nvaccines and reference antigen\n115\n43.","RFLP patterns of the PCR-amplified S1 glycoprotein genes digested\nwith restriction enzymes (Alu I) using 2% agarose gel\n113\n34.","RFLP-PCR Primers used for the amplification of S1 gene 67\n16.","RFLP patterns of the PCR-amplified S1 glycoprotein genes digested\nwith restriction enzymes (Xcm I) using 2% agarose gel\n114\n35.","RFLP patterns of the PCR-amplified S1 glycoprotein genes digested\nwith restriction enzymes (Hae III & Bst Y) using 2% agarose gel electrophoresis\n113\n33.","The sequence and phylogenetic analysis of three IBV isolates from each RFLP group revealed that the first isolate, Pak IBV-786, shared sequence homology of the range of\n99.1%-99.5% with 4/91 like strains from China, India, Russia, Morocco, Japan and Iran or GI-13 IBV lineage.",", 2008) (Table 14) and primers of (Kwon et al., 1993b) (Table 15).","Collection of blood from the positive control group 143\nLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS\n% Percent\nµm Micron meter\nAIBV Avian Infectious bronchitis virus AGPT Agar gel precipitation test AI Aliphatic index Ark Arkansas AJK Azad Jummu & Kashmir AF Allantoic Fluid BPL Beta-Propiolactone CAM Chorioallantoic menbrane Conn Connecticut CID50 Chicken infectious dose 50 cDNA Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid CMI Cell mediated immunity DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid DsDNA double stranded deoxyribo nucleic acid Dns Non-synonymous substitution Ds Synonymous substitution DI Defective interfering E Envelope ER Endoplasmic complex ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay EID50 Embryo infectious dose 50 EDTA Ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid ExoN Exoribonuclease FRET fluorescence resonance energy transfer GMT Geometric Mean Titer HA Haemagglutinin HAU Haemagglutination Unit HI Haemagglutination inhibition HBS Hepes Buffer Saline IBV Infectious bronchitis virus\nICT Islamabad Capital Territory IFA Immunofluorescence assay IgM Immunoglobulin M IgG Immunoglobulin G IPA Immunoperoxidase assay KPK Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa LRR Leucine-rich repeat M Membrane M41 Massachusetts 41 MEGA Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis\nMG Mycoplasma gallisepticum\nMS Mycoplasma synovae\nmRNA Messenger RNA N Nucleocapsid NJ Neighbor-Joining NaCl Sodium Chloride/Natrium Chloride\nNARC National Agricultural Research Center\nNCBI National Center for Biotechnology Information\nND Newcastle disease\nNDV Newcastle Disease Virus\nNRLPD National Reference Lab for Poultry Diseases\nNSP Non-structural protein Nt Nucleotide ORFs Open reading frames PLpro Papain-like protease Pak Pakistan\nPCR Polymerase Chain Reaction\nPEG Poly Ethylene Glycol\nqRT-PCR Quantitative Real-time Reverse Transcription PCR\nRNA Ribose Nucleic Acid\nRNP Ribo Nucleo Protein\nRpm revolutions per minute\nrRT-PCR Real-time Reverse Transcription PCR\nRT-PCR Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction\nRDP Recombination detection program RBCs Red blood cells RdRp RNA-dependent RNA polymerase RT-PCR Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction RFLP Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism S Spike protein S1 Spike 1 Subunit SsDNA Single stranded deoxyribonucleicacid SARS Severe acute respiratory syndrome SPF Specific pathogen free Taq Thermus aquaticus\nTE Tris EDTA\nTCoV Turkey coronavirus\nVI Virus Isolation\nVN Virus Neutralization\nVNT Virus Neutralization Test\nLIST OF AMINO ACIDS\nAmino Acid\nAbbreviations Three letter Code Amino Acid\nA Ala Alanine C Cys Cysteine D Asp Aspartic Acid E Glu Glutamic Acid F Phe Phenylalanine G Gly Glycine H His Histidine\nI Ile Isoleucine\nK Lys Lysine L Leu Leucine M Met Methionine N Asn Asparagine\nP Pro Proline Q Gln Glutamine R Arg Arginine S Ser Serine T Thr Threonine V Val Valine W Trp Tryptophan Y Tyr Tyrosine","RFLP Temperature profile using Invitrogen SuperScriptTmOne step\nRT-PCR kit\n67\n15."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["methodology"],["result"],null,["methodology"],["result"],["background"],["methodology"],null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":1894823366,"citingcorpusid":52314068,"citedcorpusid":9273869,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The S1 gene of IBV was amplified from the first passage of the infectious allantoic fluid using primers S1Oligo5′ and S1Oligo3′ (Kwon et al., 1993) and cloned into a pMD 18-T vector (Takara Bio, Shiga, Japan).","The S1 gene was amplified using primers S1Oligo5′ and S1Oligo3′ (Kwon et al., 1993) with a One-Step RTPCR kit (Takara) and cloned into a pMD 18-","The S1 gene of IBV was detectable using RT-PCR from the first passage when the infectious allantoic fluid was collected 72 h post inoculation using primers S1Oligo5′ and S1Oligo3′ (Kwon et al., 1993).","The S1 gene of IBV was amplified from the first passage of the infectious allantoic fluid using primers S1Oligo5′ and S1Oligo3′\n(Kwon et al., 1993) and cloned into a pMD 18-","The S1 gene was amplified using primers S1Oligo5′ and S1Oligo3′ (Kwon et al., 1993) with a One-Step RTPCR kit (Takara) and cloned into a pMD 18-T vector (Takara) (Liu and Kong, 2004)."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,["methodology"],null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":406477496,"citingcorpusid":18522984,"citedcorpusid":20555890,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Key words: Sporothrix globosa, Sporothrix schenckii, Sporotrichosis, Next generation sequencing, de novo assembly.","On the other hand, the genus also contains occasional opportunists, such as Sporothrix pallida and Sporothrix mexicana, which have a potential to cause occasional infection in susceptible hosts (Dias et al. 2011; Morrison et al. 2013)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3928386977,"citingcorpusid":1011437,"citedcorpusid":16780133,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["For example, as outlined by Bricker et al. (2003), systems with a maximum chla concentration above a threshold value of 20 lg l 1 begin to lose seagrasses (Stevenson et al., 1993) and seagrass diversity shifts toward a single species (Twilley et al., 1985).","Guidance on estuarine phytoplankton-based eutrophication thresholds have recently been developed using chlorophyll a (chla) as a surrogate for phytoplankton biomass (Bricker et al., 2003;\nPainting et al., 2007).","As discussed above, Bricker et al. (2003) provide chla thresholds at which differing degrees of ecosystem degradation occur.","Using the target of 20 lg l 1 chla for a medium eutrophication threshold (Bricker et al., 2003), model 2 (Table 3) was used to determine the reductions in DINfw and TP concentrations required to achieve a predicted chla value 620 lg l (1)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3173300822,"citingcorpusid":5610088,"citedcorpusid":16780133,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Substantial daily variations in pCO2 (up to 395 ppmv between dawn and dusk) were also registered and could be integrated temporally and spatially for the establishment of net diurnal, seasonal15 and annual CO2 fluxes.","The consequences of eutrophication, like the development of excessive algal blooms, toxic algae, loss of submerged aquatic vegetation and increase of hypoxia and anoxia, has been well documented (Bricker et al., 2003; Rabalais et al., 2009)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":1118468380,"citingcorpusid":142831691,"citedcorpusid":143727473,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":[", sexual activity performed in exchange for basic needs), running away, homelessness, and victimization (Grossman & D’Augelli, 2006; Klein, 1999; Mallon, 1999; Menvielle & Tuerk, 2002; Pazos, 1999; Swann & Herbert, 1999). As these children progress in age and experience these negative life events, mental health problems often arise, such as anxiety, depression, attention and behavior problems, eating disorders, low self-esteem, self-abuse, substance abuse, and suicide (Mallon, 1999; Rosenberg, 2002; Tarver, 1997). In fact, Tarver (1997) suggested that as many as 50-88% of transgender youth have seriously considered or attempted suicide.","…events that lead to school refusal or dropout, unsafe or survival sex (i.e., sexual activity performed in exchange for basic needs), running away, homelessness, and victimization (Grossman & D’Augelli, 2006; Klein, 1999; Mallon, 1999; Menvielle & Tuerk, 2002; Pazos, 1999; Swann & Herbert, 1999).",", sexual activity performed in exchange for basic needs), running away, homelessness, and victimization (Grossman & D’Augelli, 2006; Klein, 1999; Mallon, 1999; Menvielle & Tuerk, 2002; Pazos, 1999; Swann & Herbert, 1999)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":3763115858,"citingcorpusid":249278857,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["A model of a lipoyl domain was produced from the NMR structure of the L2 domain of human PDC (1FYC) with the rat L2 sequence (90% identical to human) threaded on and energy minimized (38) The colors are defined as for the PDK2 surface.","Several short flexible loops not observed in the electron density maps were modeled using Swiss-PdbViewer (38) and are indicated by hash marks.","Both surface models were generated in Swiss-PdbViewer (38) by mapping the Poisson-Boltzmann electrostatic potential of the protein to colors on the accessible molecular surface.","The ribbon diagrams were generated in SwissPdbViewer (38) and rendered with POVRay for Windows (downloaded from www.","Visualization was done with Swiss-PdbViewer (38), and rendering was done with POV-Ray for Windows."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":3141760115,"citingcorpusid":225757116,"citedcorpusid":137084439,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["3 ∼0 155 ± 10 15–26 1100 [27] Si–C–N glasses 1.","the observed higher bending strengths as a result of minimal flaw concentration [27].","reported for other similar PDCs attributed to the cast processing route (Table 2) [27].","Nonetheless, near-dense PDCs were fabricated following certain specific processing routes such as casting thin structures [27]"],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3729087913,"citingcorpusid":248333243,"citedcorpusid":2353560,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Additionally, the where feature of LARVA is also used to bind the defined variables within the automaton transitions.","We follow the proven approach explored in prior work through the employment of the LARVA RV tool and the SEcube HSM.","For this research, the LARVA (Colombo et al. 2009b) script is used to specify properties using an automata-based approach (DATEs (Colombo et al. 2009a)).","A typical LARVA report file keeps track of any automaton state changes caused by the execution of some event in textual format.","Once the Python instrumentation has been applied to a Python runner script and RV monitors have been set up with LARVA, offline runtime verification of the protocol implementation can occur.","While the events are being replayed, the LARVA monitors assert whether the executed event violates any of the monitored properties and logs how each event affects its respective properties’ automaton into a text file.","A Java event replayer tool hooked with LARVA monitors that takes a function trace in the form of a JSON file, The SEcube device used for experimentation is the SEcube Development Kit, which provides a development environment for the SEcube chip by supplying several I/O interfaces.","Table 5 shows the time taken (in milliseconds), averaged over runs with 1000 repetitions, to perform offline RV using the LARVA-adapted event replay tool per experiment executed.","A snippet of a LARVA report file is shown in Listing 5, which shows an example of a valid event updating the verifyHostKeyProperty property automaton (line 2) and an event violating the cleared-DHValuesProperty property (line 4).","Next, Listing 3 shows the LARVA code defining the automaton structure for Property 8.","Overall we make the following contributions: (i) An RV-TEE setup for Paramiko 2 , a popular SSH implementation, based on the LARVA 3 RV tool and a USB-connected hardware security module: SEcube 4 .","Since runtime verification is performed offline, all LARVA events hook with the replay() function of the Event class and use the filter option to select events depending on the requirement, as shown in Listing 2, lines 2, 7, and 12 (where events are filtered based on the name of the event and when it occurred)."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":3639798457,"citingcorpusid":244131828,"citedcorpusid":87287860,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The Ruffed Grouse drumming survey has historically been reasonably predictive of the fall hunting season, with better-than-average hunting seasons occurring when the 10-yr cycle is near its peak as indicated by the index ‘‘drums per stop’’ (Ammann and Ryel 1963; Stoll 1980)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2963212960,"citingcorpusid":31304653,"citedcorpusid":84647899,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Although this idea may seem radical, certain data make it less so. Specifically, separate chromosomes do organize their own minispindles in insect cells (e.g.,  Hughes-Schrader, 1924, 1942;  Church et al., 1986; Hatsumi and Endow, 1992; note, however, that Rieder and Nowogrodzki, 1983, disagree)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3956550921,"citingcorpusid":252820219,"citedcorpusid":232297559,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Newport and colleagues (Newport et al. 2021) explored the influence of elevated turbidity on the movement behaviour of Picasso triggerfish Rhinecanthus aculeatus L. in a foraging task, finding individuals took slower, less efficient foraging routes in high turbidity.","…of elevated turbidity are heightened plasma cortisol (Au et al. 2004), avoidance behaviour (Collin & Hart 2015), reduced movement efficiency (Newport et al. 2021), gill damage (Wong et al. 2013; Au et al. 2004), non-linear changes in predator-prey interactions (Wenger et al. 2013), reduced…","Such reductions in movement efficiency are likely to be detrimental to the survival and consequent population dynamics of triggerfish and other visually-guided reef fishes alike (Newport et al. 2021)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":3351564642,"citingcorpusid":235233663,"citedcorpusid":36290570,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Similarly, depletion of Treg cells impairs muscle repair and prolongs inflammation (15), which could be attributed to the need of Treg cells for the transition from M1 to M2 macrophage phenotype, the ability of Treg cells to limit IFN-g and macrophage accrual, or the need for Treg derived IL-10 (15-17).","Similarly, depletion of Treg cells impairs muscle repair and prolongs inflammation (15), which could be attributed to the need of Treg cells for the transition from M1 to M2 macrophage phenotype, the ability of Treg cells to limit IFN-g and macrophage accrual, or the need for Treg derived IL-10 (15–17)."],"intents":[["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":3691360237,"citingcorpusid":230908738,"citedcorpusid":145148272,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…en los sistemas educativos: impone argumentaciones, significados y procedimientos sobre los saberes matemáticos según refiere Soto (2010) y ante la implementación de las propuestas didácticas que desde la investigación se ofrecen, se evidencia una fragilidad considerable como señala Lezama (2005).","…Reyes Gasperini & Crespo, 2011) y que la puesta en práctica de las herramientas que de la investigación surgen, aun con la apropiación de ellas (Lezama, 2005), no es un hecho trivial ¿cuál es el proceso que debe vivenciar el docente para lograr la comprensión de aquello que fundamenta la…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3150095171,"citingcorpusid":226245327,"citedcorpusid":122225911,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The clear sky composites from D1 dataset of International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP, Schiffer and Rossow 1983; Rossow and Schiffer 1991) were employed to perform cloud test and then PCs and N-PCs were further classified according to PR precipitation decision."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1600157490,"citingcorpusid":194033410,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Entrevista a José Luis Orihuela.","En opinión de José Luis Orihuela (2005),\nLas funciones de la blogosfera en el nuevo escenario comunicativo son múltiples: es un filtro social de opiniones y noticias, un sistema de alerta temprana para los medios, un sistema de control y crítica de los medios, un factor de movilización social, un…","En opinión de José Luis Orihuela (2005),\nLas funciones de la blogosfera en el nuevo escenario comunicativo son múltiples: es un filtro social de opiniones y noticias, un sistema de alerta temprana para los medios, un sistema de control y crítica de los medios, un factor de movilización social, un nuevo canal para las fuentes reconvertidas en medios, un nuevo formato aplicable en las versiones electrónicas de los medios tradicionales para coberturas de continuidad,\nScire.","En el ámbito hispanoparlante tenemos la referencia de José Luis Orihuela, profesor de la Facultad de Comunicación de la Universidad de Navarra, considerado una de las personas más influyentes de la blogosfera hispana."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":809119898,"citingcorpusid":934691,"citedcorpusid":235708,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Bcl-2 fold antiapoptosis (108; E?) [59,73,96] Not determined","1L/R VACV 1 B15 orthologue; Bcl-2 fold (151; E) [73] Not determined","M139R Homology to VACV A52; Bcl-2 fold (188; E) [73] Not determined","M136R Homology to VACV A52; Bcl-2 fold (179; L?) [59,73,96] Not determined"],"intents":[["background"],null,["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3647961399,"citingcorpusid":144695225,"citedcorpusid":142081107,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…generation of economists writing in the final quarter of the nineteenth century and the uses to which marginalism was put in Britain (Bowman 1997; Steedman 1995).12 Nonetheless, many economists, like Smart, impressed with the complexity of market dynamics, viewed their role as one of dashing…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1684219317,"citingcorpusid":14931149,"citedcorpusid":120007110,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Recently, [13] have proposed 5 T(2) based methods in order to monitor logistic profiles in which the response variable is binary.","METHODS Reference [13] proposed five T(2) control charts for monitoring logistic profiles.","References [9] and [10] have proposed methods for monitoring polynomial profiles in Phase I and Phase II, respectively.","In this paper we investigated the performance of two of the best methods proposed by [13] for monitoring Poisson profiles under step shifts and drifts.","So this section compares the performance of two of the best T(2) methods proposed by [13].","Section 3 briefly introduces two of the best T(2) methods proposed by [13].","Reference [13] proposed five T2 control charts for monitoring logistic profiles.","In this paper we evaluate two of the best methods of [13] in monitoring profiles with Poisson responses."],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],null,["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],null,["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1173122483,"citingcorpusid":118493973,"citedcorpusid":120007110,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["[21] introduced five Hotelling 2 T control charts to monitor Binary profiles in"],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":3128613463,"citingcorpusid":225181500,"citedcorpusid":120007110,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Then, according to Yeh et al,9 the profile parameters are estimated by Equations (8) and (9) with ?̂? = diag(k?̂?1(1 − ?̂?1), .","Then, according to Yeh et al,9 the profile parameters are estimated by Equations (8) and (9) with ?","̂? in Equations (8) and (9) should be replaced by ?","In the case of outlier-free data, ?̂?jand c?̂?v(?̂?j)are computed based on Equations (9) and (13), but for contaminated data, they are computed according to C-R method explained in Section 3.","𝑗)are computed based on Equations (9) and (13), but for contaminated data, they are computed according to C-R method explained in Section 3.","Logit link function of binary response is defined by Equations (4) and (5).","According to Amiri et al10 to estimate the parameters of the Poisson profile,?̂? and ?̂? in Equations (8) and (9) should be replaced by ?̂? = diag(?̂?1, ?̂?2, ."],"intents":[["methodology"],null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":937950382,"citingcorpusid":58674855,"citedcorpusid":26807021,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Li [20] derived an algebraic formula and Yi [21] presented a geometric algorithm for part localization, both based on the geometric properties of the Euclidean group."],"intents":[null]}
{"citationid":1899924582,"citingcorpusid":39238571,"citedcorpusid":30847722,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The mean difference or standard mean differences for continuous outcomes including 6MWD, PVR, mean PAP, mean right atrial pressure (RAP), and cardiac index were also calculated.(3) All analyses were based on the intention-to-treat principle using a fixed-effects or random-effects models depending on study heterogeneity.","1) and I(2) test (significant if >50%).(3) Meta-analysis was performed for 3 drug classes: prostanoids, ERAs and PDE5 inhibitors.","All analyses were based on the intention-to-treat principle using a fixed-effects or random-effects models depending on study heterogeneity.(3) Statistical","Patients in the studies had to be diagnosed with PAH and treated with an oral dosage formulation of a PAH drug.(3) Studies that evaluated combination therapy with inhaled, subcutaneous or intravenous prostanoids were excluded.","First, one study included in the Zheng, et al.2 review but excluded by Zhang, et al.,3 largely influenced the overall mortality benefit with the PDE5 inhibitors calculated by Zheng, et al.2 Zhang, et al. also included trials that evaluated sitaxentan, an oral ERA that was removed from the market due to risk for liver toxicity.","Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated for all-cause mortality and CCW events.(3) The mean difference or standard mean differences for continuous outcomes including 6MWD, PVR, mean PAP, mean right atrial pressure (RAP), and cardiac index were also calculated.","Zhang, et al. American Heart Journal (2015)3 Zhang, et al.3 systematically studied the efficacy of oral PAH drugs on clinical worsening and mortality in patients with PAH.","Twenty-one RCTs (n=5,105) with a mean follow-up time of about 5 months were identified that met inclusion criteria, but 4 trials were subsequently excluded from analysis because a few patients had received concurrent inhaled, subcutaneous or intravenous PAH treatment.(3) Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated for all-cause mortality and CCW events.","Studies that evaluated combination therapy with inhaled, subcutaneous or intravenous prostanoids were excluded.(3) Twenty-one RCTs (n=5,105) with a mean follow-up time of about 5 months were identified that met inclusion criteria, but 4 trials were subsequently excluded from analysis because a few patients had received concurrent inhaled, subcutaneous or intravenous PAH treatment.","Randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled, parallel-group trials that reported combined clinical worsening (CCW) events or all-cause mortality were eligible for inclusion in the review.(3) CCW events included all-cause mortality, lung or heart transplantation, hospitalization due to decompensated PAH and escalation of treatment (i.","2% had PAH associated with connective tissue disease.(3) Most of the patients were female with WHO FC II or III.","American Heart Journal (2015)(3) Zhang, et al.(3) systematically studied the efficacy of oral PAH drugs on clinical worsening and mortality in patients with PAH.","Similar methods to the Zhang, et al.3 review were used to identify and assess RCTs of oral PAH drugs; however, since the authors were interested only in mortality outcomes, trials with endpoints limited to acute hemodynamic parameters were excluded.2 In addition, studies that assessed sitaxsentan, which was withdrawn from the market due to liver toxicity, were also excluded.2 Relative risks (RR) were calculated for dichotomous data and weighted mean differences (WMD), with 95% CI for continuous data.2 The Cochran Q test and I2 test were used to assess the magnitude of effect size heterogeneity.2 When the effect size was homogenous, the data were analyzed with a fixed effect model; otherwise, a random-effects model was used.2 Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots by Eggers' regression test.2 Eighteen randomized, placebo-controlled trials (n=4,363) met inclusion criteria: 8 trials assessed ERAs, 4 trials assessed PD5 inhibitors, 5 trials assessed prostanoids, and 1 trial assessed the sGC stimulator riociguat.2 In 17 trials, the predominant etiology was IPAH or familial PAH and most patients were in WHO FC III.2 Median length of follow-up in the trials was 16 weeks (range 12 to 96 weeks), with only 1 long-term, event-driven trial, which studied macitentan using a composite primary endpoint of morbidity and mortality.2 The primary endpoint was 6MWD (alone or in combination with another outcome) in 14 trials; other primary outcomes in the trials included PVR, clinical worsening or maximal oxygen consumption.2 Mortality was reported in 18 trials (n=4,363) but no individual trial showed a statistically significant reduction in all-cause mortality.2 As a drug class, ERAs (RR 0.82; 95% CI, 0.52 to 1.30; p=0.396) and prostanoids (RR 0.90; 95% CI, 0.46 to 1.79; p=0.773), and the sGC simulator riociguat (RR 0.40; 95% CI, 0.08 to 1.94; p=0.254), were not associated with a statistically significant reduction in all-cause mortality; however, PDE5 inhibitors as a class were associated with a significant mortality reduction compared to placebo (RR 0.22; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.71; p=0.011).2 Secondary outcomes evaluated included clinical worsening, which showed a significant improvement with all drug classes but the oral prostanoids.2 WHO FC improved by at least 1 grade in 20.7% of the patients studied in these trials.2 By drug class, ERAs and PDE5 inhibitors significantly improved WHO FC, whereas oral prostanoids did not.2 The meta-analysis also found statistically significant improvement in 6MWD with each of the 3 drug classes: oral PDE5 inhibitors improved 6MWD by 39 meters, oral ERA agents improved 6MWD by 35 meters, and oral prostanoids improved 6MWD by 20 meters.2 Lastly, oral prostanoids were associated with increased withdrawal due to\nAuthor: Andrew Gibler, Pharm.","D. Date: March 2016\nadverse effects (RR 3.41; 95% CI, 2.06 to 5.63; p=0.000), whereas oral ERAs (RR 0.92; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.28; p=0.626) and PDE5 inhibitors (RR 0.64; 95% CI, 0.39 to 1.04; p=0.072) did not increase incidence of withdrawal from adverse effects.2 For the outcomes assessed, no significant heterogeneity between the trials for each drug class was found.2 Although there was an overlap for the majority of trials included in both systematic reviews by Zhang, et al.3 and Zheng et al.2, it should be noted that there were some differences in some of the included trials that account for the small differences in their results."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],null,["methodology"],null,["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":2037844756,"citingcorpusid":13437655,"citedcorpusid":17083572,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Vit E acts mainly as a chain-breaking antioxidant and radical scavenger, protecting cell membranes against oxidative damage (Bast et al. 1991; van Acker et al. 1993) by regulating ROS production (Chow et al. 1999), maintaining oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, and accelerating restitution of high-energy phosphates (Kotegawa et al. 1993).","Therefore, the findings suggest that in the case of AChE inhibitors, the increase in ROS precedes the decrease of ATP in the brain and the cortex is maximally affected.","Both PBN and vit E are known to accumulate in the mitochondria (Bjorneboe et al. 1991; Folbergrova et al. 1995), which is also the major site for the production of ATP (Pedersen 1999; Saraste 1999) as well as for generation of ROS (Turrens 1997; McLennan and Esposti 2000; Staniek and Nohl\n2000).","In conclusion, ascorbate and GSH may provide neuroprotection against AChE inhibitors primarily by scavenging ROS.","Moreover, neurons are more susceptible to the toxic effects of ROS than are other cell types (Fornai et al. 2001).","Like vit E, PBN also crosses the blood-brain barrier at high concentrations and accumulates in the mitochondria where it could prevent ROS damage to the respiratory chain and thus maintain the levels of high-energy phosphates.","A major role for ascorbate in the CNS appears to be scavenging free radicals and other ROS.","From several studies, an important question that emerged was whether brain hyperactivity, such as seizure activity and the decrease in ATP generate increases in ROS, or whether hyperactivity produces ROS leading to a decrease in ATP.","Lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dyshomeostasis, or dysfunction or damage, reduction of neuronal energy level, and reduced COx activity support the contention that AChE inhibitors cause neuronal injury by excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Gupta et al. 1998, 2000a, 2000b, 2001a, 2001b; Milatovic et al. 2000a, 2000b).","The finding of Albano et al. (2002) further suggests that by regulating mitochondrial production of ROS, vit E modulates the expression and activation of signal transduction pathways and other redox-sensitive biological modifiers, and thereby delays or prevents neurodegenerative changes.","The main difference being that PBN prevents seizure activity and thus inhibits the cascade of ROS generation and loss of energy metabolites (Milatovic et al. 2000a, 2000b; Gupta et al. 2001a, 2001b).","1995), which is also the major site for the production of ATP (Pedersen 1999; Saraste 1999) as well as for generation of ROS (Turrens 1997; McLennan and Esposti 2000; Staniek and Nohl 2000)."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1013953246,"citingcorpusid":85432609,"citedcorpusid":17083572,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Subsequently CoQ cytochrome C reductase (Complex III) donates a single electron to O2 for O2 •− production (Turrens, 1997).","Within the hypoxic heart, mitochondria are likely to be the main source of ROS in muscle cells (Vassilopoulos and Papazafiri, 2005; Turrens, 1997; Suleiman et al., 2001)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2574137135,"citingcorpusid":53678403,"citedcorpusid":144704683,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…of the conflictual unequal social relations of capitalism\n10 For example, see: Bauriedl et al 2002; Becker et al 1999; Burkett 2006; Foster 2002; Lipietz 1996; O’Connor, J. 1998; O’Connor, M. 1994a; Lipietz 2000; and the six responses to Lipietz in the June 2000 issue of Capitalism, Nature,…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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This is confirmed by the absence of staining of the gastric mucosa by positive sera observed in the present study since blood group antigen is present in gastric as well as in colonic and ileal mucosa (Holborow, Brown, Glynn, Hawes, Gresham, O'Brien, and Coombs, 1960). Koffler and associates (1962) obtained reactions with sterile foetal colon, thus excluding the possibility that the antibody was reacting with bacterial contaminants. The explanation for the higher incidence of cytoplasmic fluorescence which has been found when the biopsy from a patient with a strongly positive serum is used as the source of antigen is unknown. One possibility is that in this patient the antigen is more securely bound in the epithelial cells than in most other patients. The more likely explanation is that the increased frequency of staining is due to an unusually high concentration of antigen in the cells. 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This is confirmed by the absence of staining of the gastric mucosa by positive sera observed in the present study since blood group antigen is present in gastric as well as in colonic and ileal mucosa (Holborow, Brown, Glynn, Hawes, Gresham, O'Brien, and Coombs, 1960). Koffler and associates (1962) obtained reactions with sterile foetal colon, thus excluding the possibility that the antibody was reacting with bacterial contaminants."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["result"],null,["result"]]}
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{"citationid":1544032537,"citingcorpusid":201036482,"citedcorpusid":167671878,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The theoretical sources are mainly taken from the excellent work of Provan and Kenis (2008) on governance networks and how they are structured, Klijn and Koppenjan (2016) about managerial strategies within governance networks, the importance of trust by Klijn, Edelenbos and\nSteijn (2010), and how…","…and how they are structured, Klijn and Koppenjan (2016) about managerial strategies within governance networks, the importance of trust by Klijn, Edelenbos and\nSteijn (2010), and how partners perceive the effectiveness of the network they are participating in, also by Klijn and Koppenjan (2016).","While all these theories have weaknesses or do not fit to the research construction of this thesis, the work of Klijn and Koppenjan (2016) from the University of Rotterdam provides a framework which complies with all demands for the research.","(Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016: 278).","(Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016: 279) To analyze these three outcomes, Klijn and Koppenjan (2016) are mainly focusing upon actor’s enrichment and satisfaction.","Furthermore, the research has shown that the used theory of managerial strategies in governance networks by Klijn and Koppenjan (2016) does not perfectly suit the described settings of this network.","Due to the negotiations and the mutual dependency they have chances to create a common understanding of the problem as well as over the collaborative framework, the network collaborates in (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016; Provan & Kenis, 2008; F. W. Scharpf, 1994; Sørensen & Torfing, 2016).","(Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016: 247) Furthermore, they split cognitive learning into joint image building and goal intertwinement.","Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016: 45)\n2.3 Configurations of Networks\nWhen talking about networks, the question about the form of such networks emerge automatically.","The paradigm of NPM was replaced around the beginning of the twenty-first century by the paradigm that scholars call New Public Governance (NPG)2 (Edelenbos & Meerkerk, 2016; Gerrits, 2013; Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016; Levi-Faur, 2012; Peters, 2012; Rhodes, 2012; Sørensen & Torfing, 2007).","Like Chen (2010), Klijn and Koppenjan (2016) in their book on governance network use three types of outcomes to analyze the performance of a network.","However, one has to integrate into the research that goals, ideas and perception of such processes are possible to change (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016).","Thus, stagnation and blockages can lead to the failing of a network but since they are solved, they can show that the actors are able to “serious invest in negotiation and collaboration” (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016: 251) and shows that they have learned.","Building on that, Klijn and Koppenjan’s main point of critics is that governance should be “understood as governance within governance networks, or in other words: network governance” (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016).","2.1 Governance\nIn the last century, the public administration experienced three paradigms of execution (Edelenbos & Meerkerk, 2016; Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016; Levi-Faur, 2012b; S. P. Osborne, 2006; S. P. Osborne, 2010; Sørensen & Torfing, 2007).","Thus, analyzing the matching of overall perception of all actors of the network and their perception on how the network works towards the goal (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016).","For such projects and research, Klijn & Koppenjan (2016) are pleading for an ex-durante satisficing approach to assess the project during the planning or implementation phase.","Hence, the framework is based on ideals, values, and norms (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016; March &\nOlsen, 1995; Scharpf, 1997).","4.2.4.2 Strategic learning\nStrategic learning as perceived outcome looks into whether the actors are aware about the interdependency within the network (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016).","To analyze the questions and the expectation, the thesis is based on a conceptual model and research design by Philip Mayring (2010; 2014) and Klijn and Koppenjan (2016).","4.2.4.1 Cognitive learning\nThe perceived outcome of cognitive learning is related to the “alignment of perceptions, [and] the enrichment of solutions pursued” (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016: 247).","Unequivocally, most scholars refer to governance as a way of governing by taking external, factors into account when deciding upon policies (Gerrits, 2013; Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016; Levi-Faur, 2012; Osborne, 2006; Peters, 2012; Rhodes, 1996; Sørensen & Torfing, 2016).","(Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016: 251) Here a special focus is put on blockages and stagnation and if breakthroughs have been achieved as result of the collaboration.","In both forms, formalized and decentralized, the major coordinating actors are the members of the network themselves (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016; Provan & Kenis, 2008).","The perceived outcomes by Klijn and Koppenjan (2016) are extend with the level of trust which is of great importance research has shown (Edelenbos & Klijn, 2007; Klijn et al., 2015; Provan, Huang, & Milward, 2009.","(Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016: 253) Hence, it aims at analyzing the quality of relations among the network partners.","Klijn and Koppenjan (2016) developed a research design to evaluate networks.","First of all, the framework about managerial strategies by Klijn and Koppenjan (2016) should be adapted for such networks who emerge from tendering processes.","Trust is an expectation which does not exist from scratch but has to be built through succeeding interaction (Huxham & Vangen, 2005), develops over time (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016), and is usually a stable perception (Nooteboom, 2002).","(Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016) These categorizations can be closely linked to the classification of Paul Hirst (2000), with the major difference that Hirst uses five classes, by separating Good Governance and Corporate Governance.","(Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016: 250) Hence, looking at the actors’ capabilities to deal with conflicts and to cooperate.","…on such a level is the approach of governance as governing networks, emphasizing the fact that governance happens in multi-actor settings with public and non-public actors who are connected with each other by a common objective in a broader sense (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016; Sørensen & Torfing, 2016).","A network in a governance process consist of actors who are dependent on each other over resources, while remaining autonomous about their perceptions and goals, thus the relations remains horizontal (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016; March & Olsen, 1995; Provan & Kenis, 2008; Fritz Wilhelm Scharpf, 1997).","…2015; Koppenjan & Klijn, 2004; Kort & Klijn, 2011) 5 E.g.: Herranz (2010a; 2010b), Chen (2008; 2010), Chen & Graddy (2010), Klijn et al. (2010).\nhowever Klijn and Koppenjan (2016) reply that nevertheless, the focus on network participants would allow a valid evaluation of the network’s performance.","Because the entry costs to the network can be high, the benefits have to outweigh the cost in order to attract participant (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016).","It has shown that the used theory of Klijn and Koppenjan (2016) and their described managerial strategies within governance networks does not fully fit into a setting where a public authority or agency takes over tasks which usually belong to private companies and wins the partners through a…","…the form of the network is of major importance to the outcomes, the position of the Dutch School (Edelenbos & Klijn, 2007; Klijn & Teisman, 2003; Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016; Kort & Klijn, 2011; Steijn et al., 2011; van Bueren et al., 2003) is that the managerial activities are of greater…","While one big challenge of evaluating network outcomes is the situation that actor change or re-organize their objectives and goal (Klijn et al., 2010; Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016; Koppenjan & Klijn, 2004; Steijn et al., 2011).","(Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016: 253).","Meaning that actors A expect actor B to take his concerns into account and does not tend to opportunistic behavior whit negative outcomes for actor A (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016).","Furthermore, they stress that the self-governing aspects often end in self-blocking of networks due to different perceptions, strategies and boundaries what makes it necessary for networks to have some kind of structure to overcome such blockages (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016).","Thus, the\n10 For more information about legitimacy and accountability reed Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016: 252\nactors become linked to each other which favors beneficial conditions.","(Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016: 119) It is the collaboration despite a certain degree of uncertainty that creates the value of trust.","Thus, the estimated costs for a participation must be lower than the expected benefits (Edelenbos & Klijn, 2005; Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016; Provan & Milward, 2001; van Bueren et al., 2003).","Goal achievement refers to the reason for being of the networks and the alignment of the individual goals of the members with the overall goal of the network (Chen & Graddy, 2010; Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016).","Two other conditions for trust are the expectation that actors live up agreements made between the actors and that they keep their partners intention in mind (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016).","It is the need to work and pull together to solve the issue that is in the heart of any network described (Bryson, Crosby, & Stone, 2006; Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016; Provan & Milward, 2001; Provan, Fish, & Sydow, 2007; Provan & Kenis, 2008; Sørensen & Torfing, 2016).","Klijn and Koppenjan (2016) argue that if the three types of learning occur within a network, the perceived effectiveness is likely to be higher compared to other networks.","In their view, this leads to a misunderstanding of governance as free from external influence as actors from the public sphere, try to interfere the networks but also because of legislative boundaries, market mechanisms or initiatives for a network (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4601133856,"citingcorpusid":267083099,"citedcorpusid":25838552,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The crystal structure analysis of Tt HpaB (Figure 2b) revealed that flavin binding and dissociation are accompanied by conformational changes between the β 5-β 6 loop and the β 8-β 9 loop, leading to the formation of partial substrate binding sites (Ser-197 and Thr-198) [32].","4-Hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylases have been discovered in numerous microorganisms capable of degrading organic compounds, such as A. baumannii [7,42], E. coli [14], Pseudomonas putida [41], Sulfolobustokodaii , Thermus thermophilus [32], and Klebsiella pneumoniae [16] (Table 1).","The Tt HpaB-FAD-HPA ternary complex structure was relatively easy to obtain compared to Ec HpaB [32,34,35]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":2665167484,"citingcorpusid":221081715,"citedcorpusid":51614499,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In contrast to the current lack of population genomic evidence for diversifying selection on the mitochondrial genome, diversifying selection has been an important force shaping genetic variation in the nuclear genome of killifish, and some of this variation is associated with genes of known mitochondrial function (Reid et al. 2016; Brennan et al. 2018; Healy et al. 2018).","We replicated this analysis in our admixed coastal population (Healy et al. 2018) and Chesapeake Bay population (Brennan et al.","…with evidence of selection in the contact zone along the coast, there are two that are close to the genes involved in mitochondrial processes (Healy et al. 2018): the gene coding for isocitrate dehydrogenase, which is a component of the citric acid cycle, and the gene coding for nicotinamide…","This pattern is consistent with the accumulating evidence for polygenic adaptation in this species (Brennan et al. 2018; Healy et al. 2018; Dayan et al. 2019).","…mitochondrial genotypes among killifish populations along this coast (Gonzalez-Vilasenor and Powers 1990; Strand et al. 2012; McKenzie et al. 2016; Healy et al. 2018) with the mitochondrial genome transitioning from a characteristic northern haplotype to a characteristic southern haplotype in…","There is a steep cline in mitochondrial genotypes among killifish populations along this coast (Gonzalez-Vilasenor and Powers 1990; Strand et al. 2012; McKenzie et al. 2016; Healy et al. 2018) with the mitochondrial genome transitioning from a characteristic northern haplotype to a characteristic southern haplotype in central New Jersey.","2018), hypoxia tolerance (McBryan et al. 2016; Healy et al. 2018), and salinity tolerance (Scott et al.","…developmental rate (DiMichele and Westerman 1997; McKenzie et al. 2017), upper and lower thermal tolerance (Fangue et al. 2006; Healy et al. 2018), hypoxia tolerance (McBryan et al. 2016; Healy et al. 2018), and salinity tolerance (Scott et al. 2004; Whitehead et al. 2011; Brennan et al. 2018).","To test this possibility, we used a dataset of >70,000 nuclear SNPs generated in both the coastal and Chesapeake Bay killifish contact zones in populations that are segregating for both the northern and southern mitochondrial types (Brennan et al. 2018; Healy et al. 2018).","…selection on the mitochondrial genome, diversifying selection has been an important force shaping genetic variation in the nuclear genome of killifish, and some of this variation is associated with genes of known mitochondrial function (Reid et al. 2016; Brennan et al. 2018; Healy et al. 2018).","We replicated this analysis in our admixed coastal population (Healy et al. 2018) and Chesapeake Bay population (Brennan et al. 2018) using the fdist Fst-outlier method in the software Lositan, with the complete database of 70,000 SNPs in these populations (Lopes et al. 2008).","2017), upper and lower thermal tolerance (Fangue et al. 2006; Healy et al. 2018), hypoxia tolerance (McBryan et al.","…et al. 2016, 2018), developmental rate (DiMichele and Westerman 1997; McKenzie et al. 2017), upper and lower thermal tolerance (Fangue et al. 2006; Healy et al. 2018), hypoxia tolerance (McBryan et al. 2016; Healy et al. 2018), and salinity tolerance (Scott et al. 2004; Whitehead et al. 2011;…","…two contact zones, we have also performed genome-wide association studies to identify SNPs that may be associated with variation in wholeorganism traits such as metabolic rate and hypoxia tolerance that could be due to differences in mitochondrial function (Brennan et al. 2018; Healy et al. 2018).","In these two contact zones, we have also performed genome-wide association studies to identify SNPs that may be associated with variation in wholeorganism traits such as metabolic rate and hypoxia tolerance that could be due to differences in mitochondrial function (Brennan et al. 2018; Healy et al. 2018).","For example, among the many single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with evidence of selection in the contact zone along the coast, there are two that are close to the genes involved in mitochondrial processes (Healy et al. 2018): the gene coding for isocitrate dehydrogenase, which is a component of the citric acid cycle, and the gene coding for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate transhydrogenase, which participates in the maintenance of mitochondrial redox state (Rydström 2006)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"]]}
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Moreover, the authors show that these financial rescue packages cost leads to the increase of the sensitivity of government credit risk to possible financial shocks. Third, a large body of the literature concentrates on the study of contagion existence in financial markets. Indeed, many researchers reconsider the financial crisis of 2007 in order to understand the reaction of the whole CDS market regarding turmoil phases. Using an EWMA model, empirical evidences of contagion phenomenon occurrence are found on the USA and the European CDS markets following the financial distress of General Motors and Ford in March 2005 (Packer and Wooldridge, 2005; Coudert and Gex, 2010). Financial trouble of these two firms has effects on the credit market because of their enormous issued amounts of debts. This contagion phenomenon is reinforced with the fact that a great number of Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDO) have for collateral the debts of these two companies. Similarly, by using the standard event study, Jorion and Zhang (2007) empirically examine the effect of a credit event (bankruptcy) on the information transfer between companies. The principal drawn conclusions are that a positive correlation between the CDS spreads of several companies implies a contagion effect, whereas a negative correlation supposes the predominance of competition effects. Yet, the study of financial contagion during the European debt crisis is still expanding. Grammatikos and Vermeulen (2012) show that the European sovereign CDS market is subject to a contagion effect caused mainly by the inability of Greece to repay its debts. Through an EWMA framework analysis, Kalbaska and Gatkowski (2012) provide evidence of financial contagion occurrence in sovereign CDS markets (PIIGS3, UK, France and Germany) based on a data spanning from 2005 to 2010 covering the GFC.",", 2012; Ejsing and Lemke, 2011; Acharya et al., 2014). Results of these studies point to the fact that the implementation of bank bailout programs by the European government lead to an increase in the sovereign credit risk because of the generated costs. The several rescue operations induce a degradation of governments’ balance sheets and guarantees and cause, thus, a spread of crisis from the private sector to public finances. Moreover, the authors show that these financial rescue packages cost leads to the increase of the sensitivity of government credit risk to possible financial shocks. Third, a large body of the literature concentrates on the study of contagion existence in financial markets. Indeed, many researchers reconsider the financial crisis of 2007 in order to understand the reaction of the whole CDS market regarding turmoil phases. Using an EWMA model, empirical evidences of contagion phenomenon occurrence are found on the USA and the European CDS markets following the financial distress of General Motors and Ford in March 2005 (Packer and Wooldridge, 2005; Coudert and Gex, 2010). Financial trouble of these two firms has effects on the credit market because of their enormous issued amounts of debts. This contagion phenomenon is reinforced with the fact that a great number of Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDO) have for collateral the debts of these two companies. Similarly, by using the standard event study, Jorion and Zhang (2007) empirically examine the effect of a credit event (bankruptcy) on the information transfer between companies.",", 2012; Ejsing and Lemke, 2011; Acharya et al., 2014). Results of these studies point to the fact that the implementation of bank bailout programs by the European government lead to an increase in the sovereign credit risk because of the generated costs. The several rescue operations induce a degradation of governments’ balance sheets and guarantees and cause, thus, a spread of crisis from the private sector to public finances. Moreover, the authors show that these financial rescue packages cost leads to the increase of the sensitivity of government credit risk to possible financial shocks. Third, a large body of the literature concentrates on the study of contagion existence in financial markets. Indeed, many researchers reconsider the financial crisis of 2007 in order to understand the reaction of the whole CDS market regarding turmoil phases. Using an EWMA model, empirical evidences of contagion phenomenon occurrence are found on the USA and the European CDS markets following the financial distress of General Motors and Ford in March 2005 (Packer and Wooldridge, 2005; Coudert and Gex, 2010). Financial trouble of these two firms has effects on the credit market because of their enormous issued amounts of debts. This contagion phenomenon is reinforced with the fact that a great number of Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDO) have for collateral the debts of these two companies. Similarly, by using the standard event study, Jorion and Zhang (2007) empirically examine the effect of a credit event (bankruptcy) on the information transfer between companies. The principal drawn conclusions are that a positive correlation between the CDS spreads of several companies implies a contagion effect, whereas a negative correlation supposes the predominance of competition effects. Yet, the study of financial contagion during the European debt crisis is still expanding. Grammatikos and Vermeulen (2012) show that the European sovereign CDS market is subject to a contagion effect caused mainly by the inability of Greece to repay its debts."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":1103262015,"citingcorpusid":142386020,"citedcorpusid":142361326,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Preschool documentation as a pedagogical tool was common before the revised curriculum (Lenz Taguchi, 2000), and it has often been seen as unambiguously good, since it is sometimes argued that being seen is one part of becoming a subject (Sparrman & Lindgren, 2010).","Teachers sometimes observed children from a hidden vantage point so that the children could not see them (Lenz Taguchi, 2000).","Moreover, some researchers have suggested that using pedagogical documentation is, in itself, one way of endeavouring to increase children’s participation (Dahlberg, Moss, & Pence, 1999; Lenz Taguchi, 2000; Wehner-Godée, 2012).","But documentation can also ‘use’ teachers, parents and children (Lenz Taguchi, 2013).","One way that documentation is made pedagogical is through reflection between teachers or between teachers and children (Lenz Taguchi, 2000).","Preschool documentation often entails photographing children and/or activities (Lenz Taguchi, 2000).","The gaze now included the teachers, who were advised to observe their own values, reactions and feelings (Lenz Taguchi, 2000).","The concept of pedagogical documentation is often assumed to relate directly to the Reggio Emilia approach (Wehner-Godée, 2000; Lenz Taguchi, 2010).","Observation was originally, in the 1930’s, seen as a way for preschool teachers to increase their knowledge about children (Johansson, 1994; Lenz Taguchi, 2000).","Lenz Taguchi (2013) suggests that by using pedagogical documentation as a ‘knowledge-apparatus’ (in Swedish: kunskapsapparat), teachers can go beyond their everyday assumptions.","The theoretical underpinning for this was developmental psychology; the observations were supposed to help preschool teachers gain knowledge about children’s natural development in order to form a pedagogy that would help the children develop naturally (Lenz Taguchi, 2000).","Lenz Taguchi (2000) claims that in the 1970’s and 80’s the way children were talked about changed, but not the observational methods.","These things are not passive tools for registering information; they, and documentation in itself, also contribute to shaping preschool practice in different ways (Lenz Taguchi, 2013; Vallberg Roth, 2012).","While some researchers see (pedagogical) documentation as a means for children’s participation (Dahlberg, Moss, & Pence, 1999; Lenz Taguchi, 2000), others dispute this.","Therefore it would be possible for children to participate actively, especially in the type of documentation referred to as pedagogical documentation, originating in Reggio Emilia (Dahlberg, Moss, & Pence, 1999; Lenz Taguchi, 2000; Lenz Taguchi, 2013).","Moreover, preschool pedagogical documentation is often seen as a means for children’s participation (Dahlberg, Moss, & Pence, 1999; Lenz Taguchi, 2000).","Other research explores how documentation can be beneficial to both teachers and children in developing everyday practice, and how it compares favourably to various forms of assessment, such as observation or standardised testing in preschool as well as primary school (Krechevsky, Rivard, & Burton, 2010; Lenz Taguchi, 2000; MacDonald, 2007).","By the end of the 1990’s there was a shift from observation as a normalising tool\nPreschool documentation\n21\ntowards observation as evaluation of children’s learning (Lenz Taguchi, 2000).","Various technical aids are currently being used (Lenz Taguchi, 2000; Wehner Godée, 2000), such as computers, camcorders, printers and tablets."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,["background"],null,["background"],null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":4563500143,"citingcorpusid":252116924,"citedcorpusid":17575976,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["P eripheral nerves (PNs) are highly defenseless against trauma (5).","Stereological tests have been used prevalently in the morphological analysis of regeneration in recent studies investigating PN injury models (4,9) This is because measurable data such as the number of axons in PNs, their axonal organization, and myelin thickness are highly important in determining the severity of injuries Random sampling in stereological analyses can obtain fast, effective, and reliable results about these morphological data Thus, in this study, primary anastomosis was performed following PN injury, and stereological–ultrastructural morphometric analysis methods (number of axons, axon area, and myelin thickness) were utilized to evaluate axonal regeneration and maturation in the transverse sections obtained from the distal stump of the sciatic nerve following the topical treatment.","Although studies focusing on preventing PF that develops in PNs have been comprehensive enough, unfortunately, results regarding the ideal functional recovery and an uninterrupted histomorphological appearance from the proximal to the distal have not been obtained yet (11,35,53).","End-to-end and end-to-side anastomosis techniques and anastomosis techniques that align the proximal and distal ends within a graft, especially in those with neural tissue loss, have been applied in complete cuts created in PNs (16,20 ).","DISCUSSION The preservation of axonal connections is extremely important for the structural integrity of PNs (48).","Fibrosis, which is caused by hemorrhage and hematoma formation in tissues surrounding PNs, plays a significant role in the onset of peripheral neuropathy (25,27) Fibrosis developing at the nerve repair site causes the formation of a neuroma ."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":596377826,"citingcorpusid":56346874,"citedcorpusid":84995185,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The rate of antimicrobial sol ubility in the lipid phase of the membrane and the difference in cell surface hydrophobicity may be associated with the difference in the sensitivity between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells (Holley and Patel, 2005).","The rate of antimicrobial solubility in the lipid phase of the membrane and the difference in cell surface hydrophobicity may be associated with the difference in the sensitivity between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells (Holley and Patel, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4182945253,"citingcorpusid":255893012,"citedcorpusid":182829448,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["However, MMs can differ greatly at the level of their underlying assumptions and the mathematical objects involved (Stillman, 2019)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":982294627,"citingcorpusid":67375262,"citedcorpusid":146206804,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["…in with less TPACK (i.e., using technology within their language classrooms) were less likely to teach with technology after a single class, both Kessler and Plakans (2008) and Kessler (2010) studied teachers or teacher candidates who had more (general) technological knowledge and were less…","…the most fundamental aspects underlying most prevalent research in the field – that of the integration of technological knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and content knowledge in a cohesive manner within LTE programs (Egbert et al., 2002; Hegelheimer, 2006; Kessler, 2010; Kessler & Plakans, 2008).","It is also of note that all of the researchers indicate the importance of specifying\npedagogical practices for the development of CALL activities (Egbert et al., 2002; Hegelheimer, 2006; Kessler, 2010; Kessler & Plakans, 2008).","Kessler and Plakans (2008) also did research regarding teachers in practice at a university setting.","Implications for teacher education\nMuch of the research which I have examined has discussed the challenges\nassociated with training teachers in using technology (Butler-Pascoe, 1997; Hong, 2010; Hubbard, 2008; Kessler, 2007, 2010; Kessler & Plakans, 2008; O’Dowd, 2015; Oxford & Jung, 2007).","Kessler and Plakans (2008) also indicated that their study is limited in terms of\nthe type of institution – the students came from a variety of situations, but a description of their particular institute of higher education was not mentioned.","There have been several studies of using CALL as a\npart of the teacher education program in LTE (Egbert et al., 2002; Hegelheimer, 2006; Kessler, 2010; Kessler & Plakans, 2008).","Both Kessler and Plakans (2008) and Kessler (2010) seem to indicate that\nprograms now need to consider the differences of technological knowledge for their teacher candidates in different ways.","In addition, Hubbard's (2008) theorizing, as well as other TELTE research previously cited (Egbert et al., 2002; Hegelheimer, 2006; Kessler, 2010; Kessler & Plakans, 2008) suggest that teacher candidates need to learn how to develop their ability to acquire technological skills while they are in…","Many researchers (Egbert, 2006; Egbert et al., 2002;\n58\nHubbard, 2008, 2011, Kessler, 2007, 2010; Kessler & Plakans, 2008) have discussed how changes in technology necessitate changes in practice, as well as how teachers perceive such technological changes and how these changes influence their…","Researchers (Egbert et al., 2002; Hegelheimer & Fisher, 2006; Hubbard, 2008; Kessler, 2007; Kessler & Plakans, 2008) indicate a need to create a better understanding of the knowledge-base, and Hubbard would also suggest that research should be conducted to determine what form technologically…","…of their framework, there has been considerable research in the area of computer assisted language learning and teacher education (Bax, 2003; Egbert et al., 2002; Hegelheimer, 2006; Hubbard, 2008, 2009; Kern, 2006; Kessler, 2010; Kessler & Plakans, 2008; van Olphen, 2006, 2007; among others).","Several authors (Egbert et al., 2002;\n51\nHegelheimer, 2006; Kessler & Plakans, 2008) suggest the need for a contextually-based technological practicum to work toward developing activities which will help teachers develop more practice in using technology in a classroom setting.","The choice of age is based on the idea of digital nativism (C. 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{"citationid":982294557,"citingcorpusid":67375262,"citedcorpusid":143815410,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This focus was all changed by the pioneering work of Firth and Wagner (1997) which preceded its reconceptualization by Freeman and Johnson (1998).","And while there has been less written about actual education programs explicitly since then, there is still concern about the need for instruction in using technology in ELT (Arnold & Ducate, 2015) as well as the role played by the textbooks in LTE, how they address technology, and what modifications may be needed to have the most benefit (Arnold, 2013).","TPACK and LTE.","Johnson (2015), when speaking about the development of teacher\n35\ncognition, tells how the context of the teaching situation plays an important role in determining the needs of LTE.","The knowledge-base of SLTE has expanded and even\nmoved away from second language teacher education to language teacher education (LTE) (Burns & Richards, 2009; Crandall, 2000; Johnson, 2016; Kubanyiova & Crookes, 2016; Kubanyiova & Feryok, 2015).","LTE for CALL is actually a fairly young field, or perhaps better considered a subfield of CALL, which has only been active since around 2002 (Motteram et al., 2013).","As has already been noted, the main thrust of the study is to examine teachers’ use\nof iPads in the ESOL classroom, through the lens of TPACK in LTE.","It is also important to examine what the field has to say about\nthe need for implementing TELTE in teacher training and what teacher educators need to accomplish.","The first section discussed the two frameworks which informed my research, Freeman and Johnson's (1998) reconceptualization of the language teacher education (LTE) knowledge-base and Koehler and Mishra's (2005) technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) framework.","Technologically enhanced language teacher education (TELTE) – is the\nnotion of second language teacher education’s knowledge-base which has been modified in a way similar to TPACK’s addition to PCK. TELTE is the combination of the frameworks which are used to guide the study.","These frameworks are Freeman and Johnson’s (1998) reconceptualized knowledge-base for language teacher education (LTE) and Mishra and Koehler’s (2005, 2006) technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) framework.","In second language teacher education (SLTE), as in other disciplines, the\nknowledge of instruction is more than the knowledge of the content.","Specifically, it is concerned with how the elements of the TPACK framework, as designed by Mishra and Koehler (2006), interact with the three domains of the LTE framework: those of the teacher as learner, the activity of teaching, and learning and the context of school and schooling (Freeman & Johnson, 1998).","Egbert et al. (2002) discussed how a single course in using CALL tools was not sufficient to assist teachers to use technology in their classrooms; Hegelheimer (2006) showed how technology can be effectively integrated throughout a particular LTE program; Kessler and Plakans (2008) discussed how individuals with more knowledge of technology did not necessarily transfer this technological knowledge into creative practices of TPACK; and finally, Kessler (2010) also showed that having a higher level of technological knowledge did not ensure that a teacher would be effective in using TPACK.","This focus on understanding the pedagogical purpose of technological integration\nin CALL indicates an acknowledgement of the importance of the TPACK framework, even without talking about it specifically, by showing that teachers’ knowledge of technology, separate from other the field of LTE, may not necessarily guarantee superior TPACK.","I, therefore, focused on the goals of the class, and specifically those activities with a language focus to better understand the teachers’ TPACK for LTE.","Finally, I have also briefly discussed the potential significance of this research to bring together the two teacher education frameworks: TPACK and the SLTE knowledge-base.","In order to examine this concept more closely, I will look at what research has to say about CALL training for teacher candidates in LTE education programs.","............................................................................................................. 29 Updating SLTE to LTE.","These areas include: research related to the TPACK field, studies related to the support of teachers developing TPACK in pre-service programs, challenges related to the TPACK framework, a discussion of how teacher beliefs affect technology use, a look at TPACK knowledge growth, some research looking at integrating CALL into the teacher education field, an exploration of research which combines second language learning and TPACK and, finally, a look at sociocultural theory in relation to TELTE.","There have been several studies of using CALL as a\npart of the teacher education program in LTE (Egbert et al., 2002; Hegelheimer, 2006; Kessler, 2010; Kessler & Plakans, 2008).","This review has discovered many gaps in the literature as indicated by the\nempirical research examined, including the need for studies about integrating CALL throughout the curriculum of a LTE program, how to encourage teachers to participate in integration of CALL, understanding how teacher candidates with high levels of TK can be taught to apply that understanding to TPACK, how to transfer classroom knowledge of TPACK into the classroom, how teachers are trained in practice, and how the context of schools affects the teaching situation.","SCT and TELTE.","However, from the reconceptualization of Freeman and Johnson (1998) in terms of how to approach the LTE field, there has also been some CALL research based on sociocultural theory (SCT) and this reconceptualization (Motteram et al., 2013).","This indicates that further study of TELTE would be needed in institutions outside of the United States.","Beyond the evaluative studies, research to describe different successful elements of TPACK within the LTE field would also be useful in terms of pedagogical purpose, and give CALL research stronger support for some of the most fundamental aspects underlying most prevalent research in the field – that of the integration of technological knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and content knowledge in a cohesive manner within LTE programs (Egbert et al., 2002; Hegelheimer, 2006; Kessler, 2010; Kessler & Plakans, 2008).","Studies using CALL in LTE.","TPACK is used as a powerful construct based in a reconceptualization of the\nlanguage teacher education (LTE) knowledge-base, indicating influences of context, teachers and their perceptions, identity and agency and activities in the classroom.","Understanding TELTE research.","Still, because of the examination of the knowledge-base of LTE, it is important to have a brief\n88\ndiscussion of the idea of teacher expertise.","110\nThis study situates teachers within the categories of age, experience teaching, and\nexperience with technology, and it uses both maximum variation and homogeneous sampling (see below; Patton, 1990b) to look for patterns in how teachers develop TPACK when using iPads in the LTE classroom.","........................................... 37 Figure 2-3: Technology Enhanced Language Teacher Education (TELTE) .............. 47 Figure 2-4: Technological Mediation of the Context of School and Schooling.","Still, since 2002 there have been several articles on LTE and CALL, including a book by Levy and Hubbard (2006), Teacher Education in CALL.","Teacher Expertise\nWhile there has not been significant research in the LTE field on teacher\nexpertise, in general, there is not much agreement in the area (Farrell, 2015).","Also, I will examine the current research field regarding the need for implementing TELTE in teacher training and what teacher educators need to accomplish.","While CALL itself is TPACK for language learning, the use of the TPACK framework in CALL, or at least some LTE studies might create some interesting insights.","..................................................................................... 57\nCALL in teacher education ................................................................................... 58 Understanding TELTE research.","The ideas of pedagogical content knowledge, the combination of propositions and\ncase and strategic knowledge are notions to keep in mind during this discussion of what is known about SLTE and the development of TPACK.","In this instance SLTE is more than educating teacher candidates about second language acquisition, or even the structures of language (linguistics).","Several areas might be included in the research base for\ntechnologically enhanced language teacher education (TELTE).","The role of the teacher as an individual in the learning process and as a\n“reflective” teacher who will continue to learn during the course of their years of teaching\n32\nis an important aspect of LTE (Johnson, 2016), as it was when Freeman & Johnson, (1998) reconceptualized it nearly two decades ago.",".......................................................................................... 70 SCT and TELTE.","First I will look at the research-base for TELTE, and then I will look for gaps in the research base for TELTE.","Updating SLTE to LTE.","The authors of these studies recognize the importance of an education-focused approach to the understanding of CALL and LTE (or TELTE) (Motteram et al., 2013).","Freeman and Johnson (2004), however, indicate that this focus on content knowledge misses the point that in order to understand the needs of language learners and teachers, SLTE teacher educators need to move beyond how students learn a language in isolation and focus on all the elements of the social context of the classroom and school which teachers need to learn in order to be successful.",".......................................................................... 66 Studies using CALL in LTE.","However, this review will discuss several factors which either have been or are prevalent in regards to TELTE.","More recently there has been a movement to incorporate all languages (i.e., first, second, third) into the knowledge-base, hence the name language teacher education (LTE) (Firth & Wagner, 1997; Freeman & Johnson, 1998).","This study\n6\nwill use two frameworks, that of second language teacher education (SLTE) research - developed by Freeman and Johnson (1998) - and the technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) framework - developed by Mishra and Koehler (2006).","I will discuss briefly the history which includes the rationale for the sociocultural turn, and some of the changes which have been relevant to LTE.","Initially I will discuss the knowledge frameworks which are the basis for current\nresearch in the language teacher education (LTE) and technology integration.","While there have been a few studies using the TPACK framework with LTE, most of these have been through the development of an instrument to evaluate teachers TPACK for LTE.","CALL is a research and practice field which is closely related to technologically\nenhanced language teacher education (TELTE).","Guiding frameworks\nThe history of second language teacher education (SLTE) has been fairly brief\n(Johnson, 2016).","The study examines these questions through the lens of technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) within domains of language teacher education’s (LTE) knowledge-base.","It is particularistic because it focuses on specific phenomena (i.e., the integration of iPad use into classroom practice); it is descriptive because it will include rich descriptions of the school and classroom situations and each teacher’s background – mostly from multiple perspectives; it is exploratory, in the sense that it is in search of unknown information, and does not propose a “fix” for the situation; and it is heuristic because it will shed light on these phenomena to confirm and/or develop further what is known about technological education, and more specifically, TPACK, CALL and LTE.","Bax states that the next version of CALL – integrated CALL – will occur when technology instruction for language learning will becomes normalized within SLTE.","Researchers also indicate a need to better understand the knowledge-base of language teacher education (LTE), including a teacher’s possible 40 year career through ever changing technology.","........................................................................ 67 TPACK and LTE.","Starting back in 1997 and\ncontinuing for at least ten years, several authors have suggested that there is a challenge in terms of LTE and the integration of technology in teacher training (Butler-Pascoe, 1997; Hubbard, 2008; Kessler, 2006; Oxford & Jung, 2007).","In addition, Hubbard's (2008) theorizing, as well as other TELTE research previously cited (Egbert et al., 2002; Hegelheimer, 2006; Kessler, 2010; Kessler & Plakans, 2008) suggest that teacher candidates need to learn how to develop their ability to acquire technological skills while they are in training, so that when they go into the field they can continue to reflect and develop their skills further, as needed.","The knowledge-base of second language teacher education (SLTE) seems to have a tenuous basis for language learning.","When they created their reconceptualization of the knowledge-base of SLTE, they created three domains and four processes (see Figure 2-2).","In order to pursue this notion, I will examine how current research represents technologically enhanced language teacher education (TELTE) and discuss where there is a need for further research.","Looking at CALL research specifically related to teacher education will help with the examination of the TELTE research base.","This focus was all changed by the pioneering work of Firth and Wagner (1997) which preceded its reconceptualization by Freeman and Johnson (1998). TESOL's knowledge-base as it has been reconceptualized by Freeman and","TELTE practice.","Conceptual Framework\nThis research works from two conceptual frameworks in the hopes of combining\ntwo areas of study: the knowledge-base for SLTE and the knowledge-base for TPACK.","CALL in teacher education\nThis second section of the literature review has to do specifically with how adding\ntechnological knowledge to the language teacher education (LTE) knowledge-base changes how we approach research and education in the LTE field.","........................................................................................ 75 TELTE practice.","Several authors (Bax, 2003; Hubbard, 2008; Kessler, 2010) have examined the notion of using technology in second language teacher education (LTE) and suggested changes to improve the process, but to this point, few, if any, have looked at teachers based on their practical experiences as teachers, comparing them based on their age and potential for digital nativism (Prensky, 2001), experience as teachers, and experiences prior to becoming a teacher."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null]}
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Similarly, as reported in Table 9, more experience and higher interest in politics significantly reduced the probability to cast different votes in favor of the Green proposal.(33) Among the socioeconomic controls the very robust positive effect from age on the likelihood of voting differently stands out.(34) Nonetheless, it would be too presumptuous to conclude from these results that older people are more prone to framing effects, since this effect is very likely to be specific to the ballot’s topical focus on the retirement age. Moreover, there is a very robust negative effect for (31)The sample size was kept constant. (32)A lower BIC implies a better fit. According to the guidelines Raftery (1996) a difference in the BIC which is greater than ten can be considered very strong evidence in favor of the model with the lower BIC. The difference in the BIC is lower but still well above 10 if we include empty bills. (33)The counter-intuitive positive effect of political interest on the probability to vote differently in favor of the SACE is only significant on a 10% level and not very robust to alternative specification. (34)Kim et al. (2005) also find a larger framing effect among older adults and argue that this effect is due to the heavier reliance of older people on decision heuristics. In contrast, Rönnlund et al. (2005) find no significant difference in susceptibility to framing effects between younger and older adults.","Levin et al. 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Rogers, Sewell, Ustad, Reinhardt, and Edwards (1995) tested the construct validity of the SADS–C subscales on forensic patients with Axis I disorders housed in a mental health unit of a metropolitan jail. Using corresponding scales from the Referral Decision Scale (RDS; Teplin & Swartz, 1989) and the Personality Assessment Inventory (Morey, 1991), construct validity was examined via a multitrait-multimethod design for depressive, manic, and psychotic symptoms. In addressing method effects (i.e., the convergent and discriminant validity of each method), the SADS–C surpassed the other two measures because of its superior discriminant validity (i.e., rs < .15). Structured interviews, like most psychological measures, are vulnerable to malingering and other response styles. A critical issue, especially in forensic and correctional settings, is the systematic screening for malingered presentations. Toward this end, Rogers (1988) proposed that the SADS Part I could be used to screen for feigned mental disorders.",", Depression, Mania, and Schizophrenia) based on Endicott and Spitzer’s (1978) summary scales for the full SADS. Interestingly, Johnson et al. broadened the Depression subscale to include several anxiety symptoms (i.e., worrying, somatic anxiety, and psychic anxiety). They demonstrated excellent discriminant validity for three diagnostic groups (i.e., patients with Axis I diagnoses of schizophrenia, depression, or bipolar disorder–manic phase). We calculated large to very large effect sizes from their data: depression (Cohen’s d = 1.87), bipolar disorder (d = 3.39), and schizophrenia (d = 1.43). Finally, Johnson et al. called for factor analytic studies to establish the validation of the SADS–C subscales. Rogers, Sewell, Ustad, Reinhardt, and Edwards (1995) tested the construct validity of the SADS–C subscales on forensic patients with Axis I disorders housed in a mental health unit of a metropolitan jail. Using corresponding scales from the Referral Decision Scale (RDS; Teplin & Swartz, 1989) and the Personality Assessment Inventory (Morey, 1991), construct validity was examined via a multitrait-multimethod design for depressive, manic, and psychotic symptoms. In addressing method effects (i.e., the convergent and discriminant validity of each method), the SADS–C surpassed the other two measures because of its superior discriminant validity (i.e., rs < .15). Structured interviews, like most psychological measures, are vulnerable to malingering and other response styles. A critical issue, especially in forensic and correctional settings, is the systematic screening for malingered presentations. Toward this end, Rogers (1988) proposed that the SADS Part I could be used to screen for feigned mental disorders. Using normative data from forensic and correctional samples, Rogers (1997) suggested four SADS-based detection strategies that can serve as screens for feigning. An empirical issue is whether these strategies will be effective with the SADS–C. Our study was conceptualized as the first systematic investigation of the SADS–C subscales focusing on their conceptual models and psychometric properties. For conceptual models, we tested the Johnson et al. (1986) categorization of SADS–C summary scales via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).",", Depression, Mania, and Schizophrenia) based on Endicott and Spitzer’s (1978) summary scales for the full SADS. Interestingly, Johnson et al. broadened the Depression subscale to include several anxiety symptoms (i.e., worrying, somatic anxiety, and psychic anxiety). They demonstrated excellent discriminant validity for three diagnostic groups (i.e., patients with Axis I diagnoses of schizophrenia, depression, or bipolar disorder–manic phase). We calculated large to very large effect sizes from their data: depression (Cohen’s d = 1.87), bipolar disorder (d = 3.39), and schizophrenia (d = 1.43). Finally, Johnson et al. called for factor analytic studies to establish the validation of the SADS–C subscales. Rogers, Sewell, Ustad, Reinhardt, and Edwards (1995) tested the construct validity of the SADS–C subscales on forensic patients with Axis I disorders housed in a mental health unit of a metropolitan jail. Using corresponding scales from the Referral Decision Scale (RDS; Teplin & Swartz, 1989) and the Personality Assessment Inventory (Morey, 1991), construct validity was examined via a multitrait-multimethod design for depressive, manic, and psychotic symptoms. In addressing method effects (i.e., the convergent and discriminant validity of each method), the SADS–C surpassed the other two measures because of its superior discriminant validity (i.e., rs < .15). Structured interviews, like most psychological measures, are vulnerable to malingering and other response styles. A critical issue, especially in forensic and correctional settings, is the systematic screening for malingered presentations. Toward this end, Rogers (1988) proposed that the SADS Part I could be used to screen for feigned mental disorders. Using normative data from forensic and correctional samples, Rogers (1997) suggested four SADS-based detection strategies that can serve as screens for feigning.",", Depression, Mania, and Schizophrenia) based on Endicott and Spitzer’s (1978) summary scales for the full SADS. Interestingly, Johnson et al. broadened the Depression subscale to include several anxiety symptoms (i.e., worrying, somatic anxiety, and psychic anxiety). They demonstrated excellent discriminant validity for three diagnostic groups (i.e., patients with Axis I diagnoses of schizophrenia, depression, or bipolar disorder–manic phase). We calculated large to very large effect sizes from their data: depression (Cohen’s d = 1.87), bipolar disorder (d = 3.39), and schizophrenia (d = 1.43). Finally, Johnson et al. called for factor analytic studies to establish the validation of the SADS–C subscales. Rogers, Sewell, Ustad, Reinhardt, and Edwards (1995) tested the construct validity of the SADS–C subscales on forensic patients with Axis I disorders housed in a mental health unit of a metropolitan jail.",", Depression, Mania, and Schizophrenia) based on Endicott and Spitzer’s (1978) summary scales for the full SADS."],"intents":[null,null,null,["background"],["background"]]}
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(1998); Pargament et al. (2000) Positive religious coping Koenig et al. (1998); Pargament et al. (1998); Pargament et al. (2000) Problem-focused coping Armeli et al. (2001); Evers et al. (2001); Koenig et al. (1998); Maercker & Langner (2001) Religion Existential openness Calhoun et al. (2000) Intrinsic religiousness Park et al. (1996) Religious participation Koenig et al. (1998); Milam et al. (2004); Tedeschi & Calhoun (1996) Social Support Social support received Evers et al. (2001); Koenig et al. (1998) Social support satisfaction Park et al. (1996)\n20\nChapter 2: Positive Change following Trauma and Adversity\nCognitive Processing Cognitive processing Calhoun et al. (2000); Cordova et al. (2001); Maercker & Langner (2001); Snape (1997) Affect Positive affect Abraido-Lanza et al. (1998); Evers et al. (2001); Park et al. (1996); Tennen et al. (1992) Negative affect (negative) Abraido-Lanza et al. (1998); Evers et al. 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(1998) Oklahoma City bombing residents Mixed 296 SRGS-S 10.43 (8.31)\nVarious Mixed 540 SRGS-S 18.41 (7.47) Medical illness Mixed 551 SRGS-S 21.69 (7.48)\nPargament, Koenig, & Perez (2000) Various Mixed 540 SRGS-S 18.41 (7.47) Armeli, Gunthert, & Cohen (2001) Various – adults Mixed 447 SRGS-R n/a Various – students Mixed 478 SRGS-R n/a Maercker & Langner (2001) Medical illness / Various Mixed 141 SRGS-S / G 13.57 (7.66) Perceived Benefit Scales McMillen & Cook (2003) Spinal cord injury Mixed 42 PBS1 79% McMillen & Fisher (1998) Various Mixed 289 PBS1 Changes in Outlook Questionnaire Joseph, Williams, & Yule (1993) Ship sinking Mixed 35 CiOQ 46.97 (9.12) 44 – 94%\n11\nChapter 2: Positive Change following Trauma and Adversity\nIllness Cognition Questionnaire Evers, Kraaimat, van Lankveld, Multiple sclerosis Mixed 167 ICQ 15.53 (4.46) Jongen, Jacobs & Bijlsma (2001) Rheumatoid arthritis Mixed 263 ICQ 15.20 (4.22) Thriving Scale Abraido-Lanza, Guier, & Colon (1998) Arthritis / chronic illness Female 106 TS 83% Non-published growth measures Affleck, Tennen, Croog, & Levine Heart attack Male 287b Single item 58.2% (1987) 205c Single item 59.5% Davis, Nolen-Hoeksema, & Larson Bereavement Mixed 205d Single item 3 – 42% (1998) Bereavement Mixed 205e Single item 3 – 41% Frazier, Conlon, & Glaser (2001) Sexual assault Female 88h 17-items 20 – 80%\n97i 17-items 37 – 81% 89j 17-items 37 - 72 %\n92k 17-items 39 – 76% McMillen, Smith, & Fisher (1997) Tornado Mixed 42f Single item 90.5%\nShooting Mixed 136f Single item 76.3% Plane crash Mixed 46f Single item 54.6%\nTornado Mixed 39g Single item 94.7% Shooting Mixed 116g Single item 69.2% Plane crash Mixed 41g Single item 35.0% McMillen, Zuravin, & Rideout (1995) Child sexual abuse Female 154 Single item 46.8% Schnurr, Rosenberg, & Friedman (1993) Military combat Male 540 MMPI n/a Tennen, Affleck, Urrows, Higgins,\n12\nChapter 2: Positive Change following Trauma and Adversity\n& Mendola (1992) Rheumatoid arthritis Mixed 54 Five items n/a Waysman, Schwarzwald, & Solomon (2001) Combat Male 348 45-items n/a Qualitative growth measures Fontana & Rosenheck (1998) Combat Male 1198 Open question n/a Fromm, Andrykowski, & Hunt Bone marrow transplantation Mixed 90 Interview 96% (1996) King & Miner (2000) Various Mixed 118 Written essay n/a Massey, Cameron, Ouellette, & Fine (1998) HIV / AIDS Female n/a Life story n/a McMillen, Howard, Nower, & Chung (2001) Chemical dependency Mixed 65 Focus groups n/a Parappully, Rosenbaum, van den Parents of murdered child Female 13 11 items + 100% Daele, & Nzewi (2002) Male 3 Interview Poorman (2002) Adult abuse Female 21 Interview 100% Siegel & Schrimshaw (2000) HIV/ AIDS Female 54 Interview 83% Thompson (2000) Rape Female 5 Interview 100% Updegraff et al. (2002) HIV infection Female 189 Interview n/a Note.","…(1997) Sociodemographic Age Milam et al. (in press) Age (negative) Davis et al. (1998); Evers et al. (2001); Polatinsky & Esprey (2000) Education Fontana & Rosenheck (1998); Updegraff et al. (2002)\n18\nChapter 2: Positive Change following Trauma and Adversity\nGender (female) Park et al. (1996)…","…Mendola (1992) Rheumatoid arthritis Mixed 54 Five items n/a Waysman, Schwarzwald, & Solomon (2001) Combat Male 348 45-items n/a Qualitative growth measures Fontana & Rosenheck (1998) Combat Male 1198 Open question n/a Fromm, Andrykowski, & Hunt Bone marrow transplantation Mixed 90…","…Studies Cognitive Appraisal Awareness Park et al. (1996) #2 Control Evers et al. (2001); Park et al. (1996) #2; Tennen et al. (1992) Harm Fontana & Rosenheck (1998); McMillen & Fisher (1998); Pargament et al. (1998); Park et al. (1996) #1; Tedeschi & Calhoun (1996) Threat Armeli et al.…","…& Fisher (1998); Pargament et al. (1998); Park et al. 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Borup (2016) stated that, “teachers found that online interactions were less social than face-to-face communication” even when students had a face to face meeting.","(p. 239)\nIn regard to teacher facilitation of student praise of other students’ work, Borup (2016) shared this strategy:\nPart of [student encouragement] takes place in the “strut your stuff” wall where I put things up and then the kids notice who is there and they always comment like, “Oh yeah!","239) In regard to teacher facilitation of student praise of other students’ work, Borup (2016) shared this strategy: Part of [student encouragement] takes place in the “strut your stuff” wall where I put things up and then the kids notice who is there and they always comment like, “Oh yeah! I really liked this!” or “That was cool how you did that.” or “I didn’t think about it that way.” (2016, p. 239) This dedicated forum for students to share their creations and receive peer feedback and praise is reinforced by Gerbic’s (2006) finding that the main motivators for participation in online discussion forums are the need to exchange ideas and seek feedback.","The second social presence behavior Borup (2016) listed is “motivating”.","Four social presence behaviors that have been found to impact student engagement are (Borup, 2016) befriending, motivating, instructing, and collaborating. Befriending. Borup (2016) defined befriending as students building friendships that extended beyond the confines of the online course. He noted that this is extremely difficult in an online course where none of the students have had any previous face to face interaction. Borup (2016) stated that, “teachers found that online interactions were less social than face-to-face communication” even when students had a face to face meeting. He suggested utilizing asynchronous or synchronous video icebreakers throughout the semester as a way to create befriending opportunities. Borup (2016) acknowledged that teachers need to be aware that not every student is seeking a befriending opportunity in an online class and that some students are motivated to complete their course with less social interaction.","“Peer instruction appeared especially valuable in math courses where it was difficult for instructors to tutor all of their students individually” (Borup, 2016, p. 240).","Four social presence behaviors that have been found to impact student engagement are (Borup, 2016) befriending, motivating, instructing, and collaborating. Befriending. 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{"citationid":4489180537,"citingcorpusid":126393101,"citedcorpusid":128622080,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Several recent studies have focused on advancing the application of DEM models to granular processes [Silbert et al., 2002; Boyalakuntla, 2003; Brewster et al., 2008; Malone and Xu, 2008; Thompson et al., 2010; Sun et al., 2010; Estep and Dufek, 2013].","by earthquakes, erosion and flank over-steepening, or meteoric activity) and can form rock falls, debris avalanches, block and ash flows, and pyroclastic density currents [Huppert and Dade, 1998; Grunewald et al., 2000; Bursik et al., 2005; Ponomareva et al., 2006; Dufek and Bergantz, 2007; Bernard et al., 2008; Manville et al., 2009; Davies et al., 2010; Thompson et al., 2010; Sarocchi et al., 2011].","…structural evolution and deposit character of volcanic debris avalanches supported initial block sliding and horst and graben emplacement behaviors commonly suggested in the literature, and generated deposit structures that conserved original edifice stratigraphy [Thompson et al., 2010].","…of natural granular flows, the\nphysics that govern their internal behavior are still poorly understood [Calder et al., 2000; Grunewald et al., 2000; Crosta et al., 2009; Mangeney et al., 2010; Thompson et al., 2010; Berger et al., 2011; Iverson et al., 2011; Kelfoun, 2011; Sarocchi et al., 2011].","…avalanches, block and ash flows, and pyroclastic density currents [Huppert and Dade, 1998; Grunewald et al., 2000; Bursik et al., 2005; Ponomareva et al., 2006; Dufek and Bergantz, 2007; Bernard et al., 2008; Manville et al., 2009; Davies et al., 2010; Thompson et al., 2010; Sarocchi et al., 2011].","…flow hazards in the forms of lahars, floods, and tsunamis [Manville et al., 2009], and volcanic flows represent some of natureʼs most destructive disasters in terms of mortality and property damage [Huppert and\n4\nDade, 1998; Bursik et al., 2005; Thompson et al., 2010; Sarocchi et al., 2011].","Several recent studies have focused on advancing the application of DEM\nmodels to granular processes [Silbert et al., 2002; Boyalakuntla, 2003; Brewster et al., 2008; Malone and Xu, 2008; Thompson et al., 2010; Sun et al., 2010; Estep and Dufek, 2013].","A DEM model that utilized particle bonding to investigate structural evolution and deposit character of volcanic debris avalanches supported initial block sliding and horst and graben emplacement behaviors commonly suggested in the literature, and generated deposit structures that conserved original edifice stratigraphy [Thompson et al., 2010]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":4489158561,"citingcorpusid":90999666,"citedcorpusid":23247202,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS) have been shown to be effective adsorbents in preventing aflatoxicosis via binding with the β-carbonyl portion of the AFB1 molecule in the gastrointestinal tract, and thus preventing AF absorption into other parts of the body (Huwig et al., 2001; Phillips et al., 2002).","…aluminosilicates (HSCAS) have been shown to be effective adsorbents in preventing aflatoxicosis via binding with the β-carbonyl portion of the AFB1 molecule in the gastrointestinal tract, and thus preventing AF absorption into other parts of the body (Huwig et al., 2001; Phillips et al., 2002).","In this regard, one of the most used approaches today is the addition of the nonnutritive mycotoxin adsorbents, which can be inorganic (mainly clay minerals) or organic (microbial), that bind AF in the gastrointestinal tract and thus prevent its absorption into other parts of the body (Huwig et al., 2001; Phillips et al., 2002).","…used approaches today is the addition of the nonnutritive mycotoxin adsorbents, which can be inorganic (mainly clay minerals) or organic (microbial), that bind AF in the gastrointestinal tract and thus prevent its absorption into other parts of the body (Huwig et al., 2001; Phillips et al., 2002)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":129600033,"citingcorpusid":15329095,"citedcorpusid":85387962,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…studies on coralline algal recruitment have shown that although their growth is remarkably slow, they will settle to a visible size in a few months (Johanson and Austin 1970, Colthart and Johanson 1973, Adey and Vasser 1975, Matsuda 1989, Konar and Foster 1992, Konar 1993, Dethier and Steneck…"],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4489158732,"citingcorpusid":90999666,"citedcorpusid":4496971,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["been shown to be a major stimulator of protein synthesis through the mTOR pathway (Vary et al., 1999; Anthony et al., 2001), thus potential effects of these amino acids and their metabolites on protein synthesis during aflatoxicosis warrants further research.","In laboratory animals, several researchers consistently found that BCAA supplementation could increase 4EBP1 phosphorylation and reduce 4EBP1- eIF4E association, while activating S6 phosphorylation (Vary et al. 1999; Anthony et al. 2001).","…chain amino acids (Leu, Val, and Ile) have been shown to be a major stimulator of protein synthesis through the mTOR pathway (Vary et al., 1999; Anthony et al., 2001), thus potential effects of these amino acids and their metabolites on protein synthesis during aflatoxicosis warrants further…","On the other hand, stimulated phosphorylation of 4EBP1 and S6K1 by leucine have been observed in muscles cells in several mammal species (Kimball et al., 1999; Vary et al. 1999; Anthony et al. 2001; Dreyer et al., 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2189394715,"citingcorpusid":12690043,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[", substance abuse, cognitive skills, sexual offender treatment, violence prevention, literacy) in an attempt to address criminogenic needs, reduce recidivism, and promote successful reintegration (Correctional Service of Canada, 2009). Many of these correctional programs take some form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with an intention of changing offense-related cognitions and replacing them with more anti-criminal, prosocial cognitions. Given the statistics cited above, many correctional clients in Canadian programs will be of Aboriginal ancestry. To cite an extreme example, however, an examination of a high intensity CBT-based violence reduction program in Canada found that roughly 80% of high risk Aboriginal offenders did not complete programming (Wormith & Olver, 2002). Although there are likely several reasons for such a high rate of attrition, a possibility may be that the Westernized (i.e., Euro-North American) mode of therapy did not meet the needs of this particular client group, vis-à-vis the responsivity principle. Suffice it to say, sensitive and careful attention to Aboriginal cultural considerations in correctional program delivery is an important responsivity consideration. Although it is difficult to generalize cultural practices to Aboriginal people given their diversity, D. W. Sue and Sue (1999) identify three sets of values common to many Aboriginal groups. Within the context of these values, it may become apparent how some Aboriginal offenders can have difficulty with some aspects of CBT-based treatment. For instance, one value is mutual sharing and giving to gain honor and respect. In sexual offender programs, the men are typically expected to share extremely personal details of their lives with other group members, whereas treatment providers rarely, if ever, share details of their own lives. Although it is common practice in western treatment modalities for therapists to avoid making personal disclosures, this can be seen as selfish or as a violation of a core value to many Aboriginal people. A second value is cooperation, that is, a reluctance to compete with others and to display individuality so as to maintain harmony and avoid discord (D. W. Sue & Sue, 1999). To successfully complete treatment in many sexual offender programs, the individuals must fulfill certain therapeutic tasks outside of group sessions with the help of their primary therapists. Although the men are instructed to include personalized narratives, Waldram (2012) notes that the men often would not do this initially and would be given corrective feedback to incorporate them. It is possible that some Aboriginal offenders disagree with these inclusions but owing to a cultural practice of cooperation, they quietly move on without necessarily “buying into” these changes; this allows them to avoid disagreement and instead give the impression of cooperating with their therapist. Furthermore, the focus of these activities is placed on the individual and his actions, which can also be seen as contradictory to viewing the self as part of a greater whole. Third, D. W. Sue and Sue (1999) contend that Aboriginal peoples tend to focus on the “here and now” rather than the future.",", substance abuse, cognitive skills, sexual offender treatment, violence prevention, literacy) in an attempt to address criminogenic needs, reduce recidivism, and promote successful reintegration (Correctional Service of Canada, 2009). Many of these correctional programs take some form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with an intention of changing offense-related cognitions and replacing them with more anti-criminal, prosocial cognitions. Given the statistics cited above, many correctional clients in Canadian programs will be of Aboriginal ancestry. To cite an extreme example, however, an examination of a high intensity CBT-based violence reduction program in Canada found that roughly 80% of high risk Aboriginal offenders did not complete programming (Wormith & Olver, 2002). Although there are likely several reasons for such a high rate of attrition, a possibility may be that the Westernized (i.e., Euro-North American) mode of therapy did not meet the needs of this particular client group, vis-à-vis the responsivity principle. Suffice it to say, sensitive and careful attention to Aboriginal cultural considerations in correctional program delivery is an important responsivity consideration. Although it is difficult to generalize cultural practices to Aboriginal people given their diversity, D. W. Sue and Sue (1999) identify three sets of values common to many Aboriginal groups.","In a qualitative investigation of Aboriginal offender healing, Mason (2000) interviewed 11 federally incarcerated Canadian Aboriginal men who were participating in both CBT and traditional Aboriginal Sweat Lodge ceremonies at the Regional Psychiatric Centre (RPC) in Canada. Although participants identified some similarities between programs (e.g., promotion of insight, awareness, and understanding as it relates to various areas in life such as family, relationships, community, and society), ultimately they viewed the programs as more dissimilar than similar, particularly regarding the therapeutic alliance and engagement. In a subsequent ethnographic examination of sexual offenders attending a program (Clearwater Program) at the same facility referenced above, Waldram (2012) noted “Aboriginality to play a minor role in program participation generally, and treatment staff made few efforts to search for or accommodate any perceived cultural differences” (p. 52). Although there is ample evidence to support the importance of developing and maintaining a strong therapeutic alliance, how this relationship is affected by ancestry is not clear. Cultural paradigms tend to help shape people and their identities, and, hence, how they interact with others (Shonfeld-Ringel, 2001); therefore, it stands to reason that cultural ancestry should impact the therapeutic alliance. Unfortunately, however, there is a dearth of information in this area. S. Sue, Allen, and Conaway (1978) assert that Aboriginal peoples find mental health services unhelpful for several reasons (e.","In a qualitative investigation of Aboriginal offender healing, Mason (2000) interviewed 11 federally incarcerated Canadian Aboriginal men who were participating in both CBT and traditional Aboriginal Sweat Lodge ceremonies at the Regional Psychiatric Centre (RPC) in Canada. Although participants identified some similarities between programs (e.g., promotion of insight, awareness, and understanding as it relates to various areas in life such as family, relationships, community, and society), ultimately they viewed the programs as more dissimilar than similar, particularly regarding the therapeutic alliance and engagement. In a subsequent ethnographic examination of sexual offenders attending a program (Clearwater Program) at the same facility referenced above, Waldram (2012) noted “Aboriginality to play a minor role in program participation generally, and treatment staff made few efforts to search for or accommodate any perceived cultural differences” (p.",", substance abuse, cognitive skills, sexual offender treatment, violence prevention, literacy) in an attempt to address criminogenic needs, reduce recidivism, and promote successful reintegration (Correctional Service of Canada, 2009). Many of these correctional programs take some form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with an intention of changing offense-related cognitions and replacing them with more anti-criminal, prosocial cognitions. Given the statistics cited above, many correctional clients in Canadian programs will be of Aboriginal ancestry. To cite an extreme example, however, an examination of a high intensity CBT-based violence reduction program in Canada found that roughly 80% of high risk Aboriginal offenders did not complete programming (Wormith & Olver, 2002). Although there are likely several reasons for such a high rate of attrition, a possibility may be that the Westernized (i.e., Euro-North American) mode of therapy did not meet the needs of this particular client group, vis-à-vis the responsivity principle. Suffice it to say, sensitive and careful attention to Aboriginal cultural considerations in correctional program delivery is an important responsivity consideration. Although it is difficult to generalize cultural practices to Aboriginal people given their diversity, D. W. Sue and Sue (1999) identify three sets of values common to many Aboriginal groups. Within the context of these values, it may become apparent how some Aboriginal offenders can have difficulty with some aspects of CBT-based treatment. For instance, one value is mutual sharing and giving to gain honor and respect. In sexual offender programs, the men are typically expected to share extremely personal details of their lives with other group members, whereas treatment providers rarely, if ever, share details of their own lives. Although it is common practice in western treatment modalities for therapists to avoid making personal disclosures, this can be seen as selfish or as a violation of a core value to many Aboriginal people. A second value is cooperation, that is, a reluctance to compete with others and to display individuality so as to maintain harmony and avoid discord (D. W. Sue & Sue, 1999). To successfully complete treatment in many sexual offender programs, the individuals must fulfill certain therapeutic tasks outside of group sessions with the help of their primary therapists. Although the men are instructed to include personalized narratives, Waldram (2012) notes that the men often would not do this initially and would be given corrective feedback to incorporate them.","Given that the majority of correctional treatment programs in Canada and in other countries worldwide (e.g., Australia, New Zealand, United States) follow a CBT approach (Howells, Heseltine, Sarre, Davey, & Day, 2004), are designed for a general population, and may not be Aboriginal-specific, it is important to examine how factors such as the working alliance may vary as a function of cultural differences and how this relates to program outcome. The present research examined the therapeutic relationships between offenders and their primary therapists in a CBTbased sexual offender program operated by the CSC. Based on Mason’s (2000) results and Waldram’s (2012) critique, we proposed the following five hypotheses:"],"intents":[null,["background"],null,["background"],null,["background"]]}
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Li et al., 2009; Schramm et al., 2003; Smith et al., 1997), the advantage of VRT is that geometries that are hard to describe analytically can be easily implemented.","Theodore Roosevelt Excerpt from the speech “Citizenship In A Republic”\ndelivered at the Sorbonne, in Paris, France on April 23th, 1910\nTo My Parents\nContents\nChapter 1 9 Introduction\nChapter 2 21 Molecular breast tomosynthesis with scanning focus multi-pinhole cameras\nChapter 3 43 Voxelized ray-tracing simulation dedicated to multi-pinhole Molecular Breast Tomosynthesis\nChapter 4 69 Non-diverging analytical expression for the sensitivity of converging SPECT collimators\nChapter 5 85 System geometry optimization for Molecular Breast Tomosynthesis with focusing multi-pinhole collimators\nChapter 6 103 Comparison of fan beam, slit-slat and multi-pinhole collimators for Molecular Breast Tomosynthesis\nChapter 7 123 Thesis Summary & General Discussion\nHoofdstuk 7 127 Samenvatting van het Proefschrift & Algemene Discussie\nReferences 131\nAcknowledgements 142 Publication list 143 Curriculum vitea 145\nChapter 1\nIntroduction\n10 | Chapter 1\nModelling, Simulation and Optimization of Molecular Breast Tomosynthesis\nMedical imaging technology has become an integral part of modern medicine as it enables non-invasively visualizing the interior of a patient to establish a medical diagnosis, to select, plan or monitor a therapy or to assess its outcome.","In contrast, in traditional SPECT scanners the parallel hole collimator and detector rotate around the object to acquire projections over different angles.","Therefore, we use the term molecular breast tomosynthesis (MBT) to describe our scanner, instead of breast SPECT.","One way to achieve 3D molecular breast imaging with high resolution and sensitivity could be by utilizing and adapting techniques from the field of preclinical SPECT which has seen much innovation and progress in the past decade (Peterson and Furenlid, 2011; Peterson and Shokouhi, 2012).","Therefore, multi-pinhole collimators are now routinely used in small animal SPECT (Peterson and Shokouhi, 2012).","The use of converging collimators in Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) has already been proposed since the 1980s (Jaszczak et al., 1979; Tsui et al., 1986; Jaszczak et al., 1986, 1988; Gullberg et al., 1991a; Gullberg et al., 1991b).","Therefore, other modalities such as ultrasound imaging, X-ray tomosynthesis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography, Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) are actively being investigated to complement or replace mammography for some groups of patients (Harris, 2010; Lee et al., 2010).","Several groups have already attempted 3D imaging of single photon emitting tracers in breasts using dedicated SPECT or molecular tomosynthesis systems (Madhav et al., 2006; Williams et al., 2010; Perez et al., 2011; Gopan et al., 2014; Gong and Williams, 2015).","4.2.4.1 Volumetric Sensitivity To see the importance of the new expressions for volumetric sensitivity calculations we test an example loosely based on the brain SPECT system of Park et al. (2005).","These can e.g. be based on point source measurements like used for existing preclinical multi-pinhole SPECT (van der Have et al., 2008).","The increased sensitivity due to focusing inside the object may also reduce noise in reconstructed images induced by attenuation as was shown by Kijewski et al. (1997) and may benefit SPECT systems equipped with transmission sources (SPECT/Transmission Computed Tomography (TCT) systems) by increasing the number of transmission counts.","Targeted imaging based on scan planning with optical cameras is already in use in preclinical SPECT and it has been shown that focusing on a VOI leads to increased count yields from the VOI (Branderhorst et al., 2011).","A Figure\nChapter 4\nNon-diverging analytical expression for the sensitivity of converging SPECT collimators\nThis chapter is adapted from:\nvan Roosmalen, J., and Goorden, M. C. 2017 Non-diverging analytical expression for the sensitivity of converging SPECT collimators.","In Chapter 4, we derive a new expression for the sensitivity of converging SPECT collimators.","Modern small animal SPECT commonly uses pinhole collimators to project the tracer distributions onto the gamma detectors.","Dedicated SPECT to image small animals is key in pharmaceutical research, e.g. for developing new tracers, testing new cancer therapies, understanding diseases etc.","SNMMI Annual Meeting 2015, Baltimore, MD\nBeekman, F. J., van der Have, F., Goorden, M. C., Vaissier, P. E. B., van Roosmalen, J., During, H., & Vastenhouw, B. G-SPECT-I: a full ring high sensitivity and ultra-fast clinical molecular imaging system with  3 mm resolution.","An important tool in SPECT and SPECT/TCT system design is the use of accurate analytical expressions for collimator resolution and sensitivity.","Additionally, combinations of different converging collimators, e.g. combined half-cone beam and fan beam collimation have been investigated for high-sensitivity SPECT (Li et al., 1996; Kamphuis and Beekman, 1998; Beekman et al., 1998; Ter-Antonyan et al., 2009).","Bio., 61, 5508.\nvan Roosmalen, J., & Goorden, M. C. 2017 Non-diverging analytical expression for the sensitivity of converging SPECT collimators, Phys.","Chapter 3 describes simulation software developed in our research group which is currently used for the simulation of small animal SPECT/PET systems and which in this thesis is applied to MBT.","combined half-cone beam and fan beam collimation have been investigated for high-sensitivity SPECT (Li et al., 1996; Kamphuis and Beekman, 1998; Beekman et al., 1998; Ter-Antonyan et al., 2009).","Deze kan gebruikt worden bij het ontwerpen en optimaliseren van elk systeem dat gebruikmaakt van een convergerende SPECT-collimator.","Physics in Medicine and Biology, 62, p N228\n70 | Chapter 4\nModelling, Simulation and Optimization of Molecular Breast Tomosynthesis\nAbstract\nAccurate analytical expressions for collimator resolution and sensitivity are important tools in the optimization of SPECT systems.","Hoofdstuk 3 beschrijft de simulatiesoftware die in onze onderzoeksgroep is ontwikkeld en welke nu gebruikt wordt voor de simulatie van SPECT/PET-systemen voor kleine proefdieren.","For complicated geometries which are difficult to describe analytically, such as irregular phantoms in CT and SPECT, discrete raytracing, in which geometries are represented by a finite number of voxels or layers, is more practical (Funk et al., 2006; Goertzen et al., 2002; Schramm et al., 2003; Siddon, 1985; Smith et al. 1997; Tabary et al., 2004).","Modalities providing 3D information include SPECT, and molecular breast tomosynthesis\nChapter 1 | 17\nJarno van Roosmalen\n(MBT) (Madhav et al., 2006; Williams et al., 2010; Perez et al., 2011; Gopan et al., 2014; Gong and Williams, 2015).","For all of the 3D imaging modalities -including SPECT, PET, and tomosynthesis- the acquired data has to be processed to retrieve the 3D distribution of the tracer, a process called reconstruction (Qi and Leahy, 2006).","SNMMI Annual Meeting 2016, San Diego, CA\nvan Roosmalen, J., Beekman, F. 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{"citationid":4182068516,"citingcorpusid":192477028,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["EOG Left EOG [58] E2-E1 [59] ECG [60]–[62]","43\nCz-A1 [57]\nEOG Left EOG [58]\nE2-E1 [59]\nECG [60]–[62]\nMulti-Channel\nEEG, EOG, and EMG\nEEG (C3-A2), Left and Right EOG, and chin EMG [63]\nSix EEG (F3-A2, C3-A2, O1-A2, F4A1, C4-A1, O2-A1), Left and Right EOG, and chin EMG\n[64], [65]\nFour EEG channels (C3-A2, P3-A2, C4-A1, and P4-A1), one horizontal EOG and one chin EMG\n[66]\nEEG and EOG\nEEG (C3 and Cz), Left and Right EOG [67]\nSix EEG channels (F3-A2, C3-A2, O1-A2, F4-A1, C4-A1, O2-A1) and two EOG channels (Left and Right)\n[68][69]\nEEG (Pz-Oz) and Horizontal EOG [70]\nTwo EEG (Fz and Oz) and two EOG (Left and Right) Channels [71]\nEEG (C4-M1), EOG [72]\nHeart Rate, Breathing Rate and Movement Information Heart Rate, Breathing Rate and Movement Information [73]\nEEG, ECG and Respiration Features\nEEG (C1-A2), ECG and Respiration Features [74]\nECG and respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) [75]\nEEG and EMG\nEEG (C4-M1) and chin EMG [76]\nEEG (C3-A2) and chin EMG [77] [78]\n44\nECG, Respiratory and actigraphy and signals\nECG, Respiratory and actigraphy and signals [79]\nEEG\nFp1-C3, Fp2-C4, Fp1-T3 and Fp2-T4 [80]\nPz, Cz, Pz, T3, T4 [81]\nSix EEG channels (Fp1–M2, C3–M2, O1–M2, Fp2–M1, C4–M1, and O2– M1) [82]\nFpz-Cz and Pz-Oz [83], [84]\nC3-A2 and C4-A1 [85] [86]\nSix EEG Channels (F3-A2, C3-A2, O1-A2, F4-A1, C4-A1 and O2-A1) [87]\nC4-A1, O2-A1 and C3-O1 [88]\nEOG Left and Right [89][90]\nEEG, EOG, EMG and ECG\nSix EEG channels (Fp1–M2, C3–M2, O1–M2, Fp2–M1, C4–M1, and O2– M1), two EOG channels (Left and Right), one chin EMG channel and ECG. [82][91]\nAccording to this table, there are, in general, two different approaches: single and multi-channel."],"intents":[null,null]}
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{"citationid":3934199694,"citingcorpusid":252242051,"citedcorpusid":218605098,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…for agronomic traits including disease resistance for lots of important fruit species (Lavi et al. 1998; Avidan et al. 2012; Arias-Calderón et al. 2014; Cheng 2014; Bilgin et al. 2020; Evrenosoğlu et al. 2020; Khadivi et al. 2020; Liu et al. 2020; Mirheidari et al. 2020; Şahin et al. 2020b, c)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":442367295,"citingcorpusid":28160789,"citedcorpusid":24942369,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["%) have been determined in dairy goats with synchronised oestrus and artificial insemination by several authors (Dogan et al., 2005; Saribay et al., 2011, Tasdemir et al., 2011; Ciptadi et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4039480056,"citingcorpusid":255906270,"citedcorpusid":5334749,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Jackson, 2014 [44] HTN; DM2; obesity sleep duration","In total, 17 articles analyzed work-related factors [16,31,33,39,41,43,44,46,47,53,55,61,64,66–68,70] and 9 described participant occupations, of which 4 involved rural or agricultural workers [31,33,61,70], 2 taxi/for-hire vehicle drivers, 1 professional/management and support services workers [44], and 1 female homemakers and others [66], while 1 encompassed a broad group of workers [16], dividing participants into: skilled professional, semiskilled white-collar, clerical, semiskilled blue-collar, unskilled service, laborer, or farmworker; homemaker; and unemployed or student.","Study ID Total StudyParticipants Female Male Age Group Country of Birth Comparison Group Time in the USA Study Design Study Period Exposures\nImmigrant Worker Occupation Documentation Insurance\nGany, 2016 [39] 413 1 412 18–60+ Central and\nSouth America\n<10 y; >10 y; US-born\ncrosssectional\nSeptember– October\n2011\nlength of residence in the\nUS Yes taxidrivers Yes\nGill, 2017 [40] 1042 704 338 18–87\nEl Salvador; Honduras;\nPeru; Guatemala;\nBolivia\nbetween groups Mean: 8.8 years cross-sectional No Yes\nGiuntella, 2017 [41] 729,793 387,502 342,291 25–64 US born <10 y; 10–15 y;15–20 y; >20 y crosssectional 1989–2014 health assimilation Yes\nGlick, 2015 [42] 525 372 153 18–60 Mexico Mexicans inMexico\n<10 y; 10 y+ speaking\nSpanish; 10 y+ English or bilingual; US-born\ncrosssectional\nMarch 2009 (US);\nMay–June 2009\n(Mexico)\nnativity; residential mobility\nNo\nHeer, 2013 [75] 1002 660 342 Mexico Mexican-\nAmericans without diabetes\nDiabetes: mean 40.9 y (SD 18.6)\nNo diabetes: mean 33.0 y\n(SD 17.5)\ncrosssectional\nNovember 2009–","Jackson, 2014 [44] 175,244 28,730 30,484 18–65+ non-Hispanic whites and blacks <15 y; 15 y+ crosssectional 2004–2011 (NHIS) immigrant status; race/ethnicity occupation Yes professional/management; support services","Study ID Total StudyParticipants Female Male Age Group Country of Birth Comparison Group Time in the USA Study Design Study Period Exposures\nImmigrant Worker Occupation Documentation Insurance\nTorres, 2018 [74] 545 545 0 Mexico <15 y; 16–20 y;>21 y; USA born crosssectional March 2012 August 2014\nworry about deportation No\nVaeth, 2005 [78] 1163 624 539 18–65 Mexico; El Salvador;\nGuatemala; Honduras\n<5 y; 5–10 y; 10 y+\ncrosssectional\nJuly 2000– October\n2002 acculturation No Yes\nVillarejo, 2010 [61] 654 238 416 Mexico;other males and females\nMales: median 14 Females: median 9\ncrosssectional 1999\nagricultural work Yes farmworkers Yes\nViruell-Fuentes, 2012 [62] 804 456 348\ncrosssectional\nMay 2001–March\n2003\naccess to care; neighborhood\neffects No\nWassink, 2017 [63] 3731 1921 1810 24–32\nMexico; Cuba;\nCentral and South\nAmerica\nmigrant generation,\nblacks\ncrosssectional\nPhase I (1994–1995),\nIII (2001–2002)\nand IV (2008–2009).","Study ID Total StudyParticipants Female Male Age Group Country of Birth Comparison Group Time in the USA Study Design Study Period Exposures\nImmigrant Worker Occupation Documentation Insurance\nJackson, 2014 [44] 175,244 28,730 30,484 18–65+ non-Hispanic\nwhites and blacks\n<15 y; 15 y+ cross-sectional 2004–2011 (NHIS)\nimmigrant status; race/ethnicity\noccupation Yes\nprofessional/management; support services\nJaranilla, 2014 [45] 59,791 33,025 26,766 20–65+ Central and\nSouth America\nUS born cross-sectional\nJanuary– December\n2010 immigration No Yes\nJerome-D’Emilia, 2014 [46] 66 66 0 21–79\nPuerto Rico; Dominican Republic; Mexico;\nother\nbetween groups cross-sectional Yes Yes Yes\nKlabunde 2020 [47] 361 191 170 18–74 Brazil Mean: 12.7(SD 6.7) crosssectional December\n2013–March 2014\nsociodemographic\nfactors; dietary characteristics;\nlength of residence in the\nUS\nYes\nLeBrón, 2020 [48] 213 138 75 non-Hispanic\nwhites and blacks\ncrosssectional\n2002–2003 2007–2008 discrimination No\nLi, 2017 [49] 1563 1080 483 18–91 Puerto Rico;\nMexico; other\ncrosssectional\n2006–2008 (Survey) 2005–2009 (ACS)\nimmigrant concentration; Latino density\nNo Yes\nLopez-Cevallos, 2019 [70] 3382 673 2709 18–74\n0–5 y; 6–9 y; >10 y\ncrosssectional 2004–2012\nsociodemographic factors Yes farmworkers\nLópez, 2016 [80] 744 405 339 30–72\nPuerto Rico; Dominican Republic;\nother\n5–10 y; 10–15 y; 15–20 y; >20 y cohort\nJanuary 2010–March\n2012\nacculturation; health literacy No Yes\nLópez, 2019 [50] 1818 1187 631 45—notspecified <5 y; 5–10 y; 11–20 y; >20 y crosssectional acculturation No\nMartínez, 2014 [51] 149 98 51 20–77 Mexico;\nCentral and South\nAmerica\nMean: 10.24 (SD 10.12)\ncrosssectional 2011\nnutrition transition No\nMcClure, 2010 [52] 132 86 46 Mexico US population Women: 9.5\n(SD 6.9); Men: 13.5 (SD 9.4)\ncrosssectional discrimination No\nNarang, 2020 [53] 983 0 983 19–76 ≤2 y; 3–9 y;10–15 y; ≥16 y crosssectional\nDecember 2010– November 2017\ndemographic factors; lifestyle\npredictors Yes\ntaxi drivers; for-hire vehicle drivers\nInt.","The other studies included immigrants with <10 years of residence in the USA [30,65], <15 and >15 years [29,44,53,54,56], <20 and >20 years [41,50,66,74,80], or <25 and >25 years of residence [14].","Study ID Total StudyParticipants Female Male Age Group Country of Birth Comparison Group Time in the USA Study Design Study Period Exposures\nImmigrant Worker Occupation Documentation Insurance\nCaspi, 2017 [32] 800 636 164 18–60+ Puerto Rico;Haiti; other Us-born 0–5 y; 5–10 y; 10 y+ crosssectional\nFebruary 2007 and June 2009\nlow-income immigrants No\nCastañeda, 2015 [33] 282 163 118\nmigrant or seasonal status\ncrosssectional 2002–2004\nmigrant or seasonal status Yes farmworkers Yes\nChakraborty, 2003 [34] 390 390 0 18–65\nMexico; other <5 y; 5–9 y; 10 y+\ncrosssectional 1993\nmigration history; health\nbehavior changes— mediator\nNo\nChoi, 2012 [35] 7786 4287 3499 Central and\nSouth America\norigin <1 y; 1–4 y; 5–9 y;10 y+ crosssectional 2003 nativity No\nChrisman, 2017 [79] 18,298 14,048 4250 21–94 Mexico US-born cohort\nStart year 2001\nlanguage acculturation;\nage at immigration\nNo\nCoffman, 2012 [36] 144 113 31\nMexico; Central and\nSouth America;\nother\ncrosssectional\nrecent Latino immigrants No Yes\nCohn, 2017 [68] 3317 1523 1794 30–74 mon-Hispanicwhites crosssectional\n2010 (US Census);\n2012–2013 (hospital\ndata)\nCVD risk factors (individual factors); median household\nincome and Hispanic\nconcentration (neighborhood-\nlevel)\nYes Yes\nDavis, 2007 [37] 189 98 91 18–40 CentralAmerica\nAfricanAmerican;\nUS-born African Caribbean\ncrosssectional ethnicity No Yes\nDawson, 2019 [67] 181 120 61 18–64 Mexico; Central\nAmerica Mean 21.6 (16.2); Median 19 cross-\nsectional social\ndeterminants of health\nYes\nDel Brutto, 2013 [69] 3850 2413 1437\n40—not specified\nDominic Republic;\nPuerto Rico; Cuba; other\ncoastal Ecuador population (Atahualpa)\ncrosssectional\n1993–2001; June–\nOctober 2012\nlifestyle; environment No\nElfassy, 2018 [38] 16,156 8498 7658 Central and\nSouth America\nbetween groups <10 y; >10 y cross-sectional 2008–2011 No\nInt.","migrant status [43,44,81] social determinants of health [67] psychiatric disorders; substance use [71]","Study ID Total StudyParticipants Female Male Age Group Country of Birth Comparison Group Time in the USA Study Design Study Period Exposures\nImmigrant Worker Occupation Documentation Insurance\nNelson, 2007 [77] 205 Mexico Mean 25.7(SD 16.4) crosssectional\nApril 2004– October\n2005\nfamily history of diabetes No\nPickering, 2007 [71] 43,093 24,575 18,518 18–65+ cross-sectional 2001–2002\npsychiatric disorders (mood,\nanxiety, and personality disorders);\nsubstance use (alcohol, drugs, and nicotine)\nNo\nRodriguez, 2012 [54] 160,081 81,164 78,917\nMexico; Central and\nSouth America;\nother\nUS-born Hispanics;\nnon-Hispanic white\n≤1–4 y; 5–9 y; 10–14 y; >15 y\ncrosssectional\n2001, 2003, 2005, and\n2007 acculturation; nativity No Yes\nRodriguez, 2020 [72] 787 787 0 40–65\nDominican Republic; Puerto Rico; Cuba;\nMexico\nUS-born cross-sectional 2012–2018 nativity; migration timing No\nRyan, 2006 [55] 666 453 213 African-Americans Latino\nImmigrants: mean 4.47\ncrosssectional 2002–2003 discrimination Yes Yes\nSaint-Jean, 2005 [56] 680 340 340 0–75+ Haiti\nwith and without insurance\n<5 y; 5–10 y; 11–14 y; 15 y+\ncrosssectional 2001\nhealth services utilization No Yes\nSalinas, 2014 [81] 1936 1302 634 18–80 Mexico US born ≤10 y; >10 y;US-born cohort 2004–2007 immigrant status; length of residence in the\nUS; age\nNo\nShelley, 2011 [57] 2585 1592 993 non-Hispanic\nwhites and blacks\ncrosssectional 2007–2008 hypertension No Yes\nShi, 2015 [58] 15,471 8049 7422 18–65+ White 0–4 y; 5–10 y;10 y+; US-born crosssectional 2005 and 2007\nacculturation; community\nfactors No\nSingh-Franco, 2013 [59] 114 85 29 non-Haitians\ncrosssectional\nJanuary 2003–","The  other  studies  included  immigrants  with  <10 years of residence in the US [30,65], <15 and >15 years [29,44,53,54,56], <20 and >20 years [41,50,66,74,80],  or  <25  and  >25  years  of  residence  [14].","acculturation [16,50,54,58,66,73,78–80] occupation [44] lifestyle; environment; lifestyle predictors; physical activity patterns [53,69,73]","immigration [15,27–31,45,82] ethnicity [37,44] food insecurity [64,65]","Of the 36 studies that assessed arterial hypertension, 24 measured blood pressure [14,15,28,31,33,38–40,48,50,53,57,59–61,63–65,67,69,74,77,78,82], 11 collected information based on self-reports [16,44,46,49,54,56,58,62,68,70,81], and 1 employed both methods [55].","…Age Group Country of Birth Comparison Group Time in the USA Study Design Study Period Exposures\nImmigrant Worker Occupation Documentation Insurance\nJackson, 2014 [44] 175,244 28,730 30,484 18–65+ non-Hispanic\nwhites and blacks\n<15 y; 15 y+ cross-sectional 2004–2011 (NHIS)\nimmigrant status;…","With regard to secondary outcomes, only two studies assessed sleep duration [34,44] (Table 6).","Study ID Total StudyParticipants Female Male Age Group Country of Birth Comparison Group Time in the USA Study Design Study Period Exposures\nImmigrant Worker Occupation Documentation Insurance\nAhmed, 2009 [14] 70,110 0 70,110 45–69 US-born blackand white <10 y; 11–15 y; 16–25 y; >25 y cohort 2002–2003\ngenerational status; length of residency in the\nUS\nNo\nAlbrecht, 2013 [26] 8149 3914 4235 20–64 Mexico US-bornMexicans <10 y; >10 y crosssectional 1988–1994; 1999–2008\nnativity; length of residency in\nthe US No\nAltman, 2017 [27] 25,499 25,499 0 20–64 Mexico\nMexicans in Mexico; US-born\nMexicans; US-born\nnon-Hispanics whites/blacks\ncrosssectional\n1999–2009 NHANES (US); 2006 ENSANUT\n(Mexico)\nimmigration No\nAngel, 2008 [28] 1975 1153 822 20—notspecified\nnon-Hispanic whites, blacks,\nand Asians <10 y; >10 y cross-sectional\nJune– December\n2004 immigration No Yes\nAntecol, 2006 [29] 490,806 258,718 232,088 20–64\nnatives (Hispanics, whites, and\nblacks)\n0–4 y; 5–9 y; 10–14 y; 15 y+\ncrosssectional 1989–1996 immigration No\nAnzman-Frasca, 2016 [30] 345 345 0 20–55\nBrazil; Haiti; El Salvador; Colombia; Guatemala; Dominican Republic; Honduras between groups <10 y cross-sectional\nMarch and June 2010 (first wave); May and June 2011 (second wave)\nimmigration No\nBack, 2012 [82] 1096 441 655 30—notspecified Guyana; other case–control 1 May\n2004–30 April 2006\nimmigration No\nBeltrán-Sánchez, 2016 [15] 15,957 9022 6935 20–50+ Mexico\nUS-born Mexican-\nAmerican; Mexican living in\nMexico; non-Hispanic\nwhites\ncrosssectional\nENSANUT 2006; NHANES 1999–2000\nand 2009–2010\nimmigration No\nBoggess, 2016 [31] 793,188 427,528 365,660 18–60+ cross-sectional 2012\nagricultural work (seasonal and migratory);\nimmigration; low income\nYes\nagricultural workers (seasonal or migra-\ntory)\nYes\nBriones, 2016 [76] 31,305 11,402 19,903 <35–65+ Mexico cross-sectional 2010 No Yes\nInt."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,null,null,["background"],null,["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":899903032,"citingcorpusid":442966,"citedcorpusid":29323409,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It has recently been shown that this length-scale sets the threshold for crack initiation, and therefore it can be argued that ε represents the crack initiation criterion (Bourdin et al., 2014).","In this work, we have used a regularized model of fracture, and this involves a regularization parameter ε that controls crack initiation (Bourdin et al., 2014)."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1516119262,"citingcorpusid":59943520,"citedcorpusid":5528377,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["GO analysis was used to investigate three functionality domains: Biological Process (BP), Cellular Component (CC) and Molecular Function (MF)[24]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
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{"citationid":1217865248,"citingcorpusid":195891036,"citedcorpusid":52038751,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The wet heparin technique was demonstrated to improve tissue adequacy compared to the dry needle techniques (dry heparin or dry suction technique), in EUS-guided [134] or percutaneous liver biopsy [135]."],"intents":[["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":2998879434,"citingcorpusid":49358123,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Changes in rice far\nming in the Philippines: Insights from five decades of a household-level survey.","DETECTING RICE CROPPING PATTERNS WITH MULTITEMPORAL SENTINEL-1 IMAGERY\n39\nFigure 5.1 Rice cropping patterns at 2016-2017 growing seasons (obtained using rule-based classification in this thesis) (left) and rice cropping pattern obtained from Asilo et al. (2014) (right) in Nueva Ecija, the Philippines\nThe rule-based algorithm was then successfully applied to each pixel of the multitemporal Sentinel-1A images to mapping the rice cropping patterns in the study area.","In the Philippines, farmers usually cultivate crops in two seasons per year.","This study aims to understand where and what cropping patterns exist in a major rice-growing area of the Philippines using remote sensing technology.","The following during the fieldwork in Central Luzon, Philippines: 100 farmers in who participated in the surveys; the barangay officials in the 15 villages who helped coordinate the survey/field visits; Neale Paguirigan and Ronald Castro for interview translation, data preparation, assistance with field measurements and logistics, and; our drivers, Dennis and Fred, for their willingness to help out and get their feet wet.","........................................................... 29 Figure 4.4 Backscatter dynamic of the rice plot at the VH and VV polarizations............................................ 30 Figure 4.5 Backscatter dynamic of different land covers for selected sample plots in DS (top) and WS (bottom) ........................................................................................................................................................................ 31 Figure 4.6 Decision rules and thresholds generated for DS (left) and WS (right) ............................................ 33 Figure 4.7 Rice cropping pattern obtained from rule-based classification of multitemporal Sentinel-1 images during the dry and wet season (DS-WS) .................................................................................................... 35 Figure 4.8 Rice cropping pattern in Nueva Ecija and Tarlac, Central Luzon, Philippines.","Different types of irrigation systems and cultivation practices have been established under the authority of the Department of Agriculture in the Philippines (Arnaoudov et al., 2015).","These two provinces are the main rice producing areas in the Philippines that cover 5,751 and 3,054 km2, respectively.","Los Baños, Philippines: Internatio nal Rice Research Institute.","The following at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines: Dr. Alice Laborte for supporting and collaborating in this research and facilitating access to irrigation system boundary data, existing household survey and field data from CLLS, PRISM and MISTIG; Ludy Velasco for validating our survey route and for the ITC hats; Tintin Doctolero for logistics, and; IRRI Education for administrative arrangements related to our internship at IRRI.","The study area (see Figure 2.1) covers the provinces of Nueva Ecija and Tarlac located in Central Luzon, Philippines.","In this study, we examined the potential of SAR time series data to detect where and what rice cropping patterns have been practised over large rice-planted areas in the Philippines.","MISTIG Survey (2013-14)\nThe MISTIG survey was carried out by IRRI in 2013-2014 as part of a management information system (MIS) for rice research evaluation and impact assessment in Central Luzon of the Philippines.","In this study, we plan to compare the performance of a decision tree with an adapted rule-based classifier, which is similar with the classification model proposed by Nelson et al. (2014) and investigate the different polarizations and band ratio information from Sentinel-1 data to delineate where and what rice cropping patterns are practised in a major rice growing area of the Philippines.","Field data collection\nField work was carried out between 24 September and 9 October in the Philippines, covering 2 provinces, 6 municipalities and 15 villages.","The Philippines is the 9th largest rice producer in the world, accounting for 2.8% of global rice production.","Figure 4.8 Rice cropping pattern in Nueva Ecija and Tarlac, Central Luzon, Philippines.","Also in the Philippines, Asilo et al. (2014) used 8-day composite MODIS NDVI data to map rice cropping patterns in Nueva Ecija and Pangasinan provinces.","Central Luzon Loop Survey (2015-16)\nThis survey (CLLS) was initiated by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in 1966 to cover detailed records on the rice-farming practices and rice farm households in Central Luzon of the Philippines (Moya et al., 2015).","Backscatter coefficients will be extracted from the time series images acquired once every 12 days to delineate what and where different rice cropping patterns are practised in the Philippines with a spatial resolution of 20m.","Rice cultivation in the Philippines is chosen as the subject of this study.","............................. 35 Figure 5.1 Rice cropping patterns at 2016-2017 growing seasons (obtained using rule-based classification in this thesis) (left) and rice cropping pattern obtained from Asilo et al. (2014) (right) in Nueva Ecija, the Philippines .................................................................................................................................................................... 39\nv\nLIST OF TABLES\nvi\nABBREVIATIONS\nCE: Crop Establishment\nCLLS: Central Luzon Loop Survey\nDN: Digital Number\nDS: Dry Season\nDT: Decision Tree\nFAO: Food and Agriculture Organization\nGEO: Group on Earth Observation\nGEOGLAM: Group on Earth Observation Global Agricultural Monitoring Initiative\nGRD: Ground Range Detected\nHA: Harvest\nIRRI: International Rice Research Institute\nIW: Interferometric Wide\nLP: Land Preparation\nNIA: National Irrigation Administration\nNIS: National Irrigation System\nPRiSM: Philippine Rice Information System\nPoS: Peak of Season\nSoS: Start of Season\nSAR: Synthetic Aperture Radar\nSNAP: Sentinel Application Platform\nSRTM: Shuttle Radar Topography Mission\nWS: Wet Season\nDETECTING RICE CROPPING PATTERNS WITH MULTITEMPORAL SENTINEL-1 IMAGERY\n1","The study utilized farmer and field surveys and time series Sentinel-1A data with 12-day revisit time and 20 m spatial resolution to detect rice cropping patterns (rice-rice, other-rice, rice-fallow, fallow-rice) in two major rice-growing provinces of the Philippines (Nueva Ecija and Tarlac).","Several countries have developed information systems to monitor rice production such as in the Philippines where the Philippine Rice Information System (PRiSM) has recently been implemented.","The objective of this study is to use high-spatial-resolution Sentinel-1 multitemporal imagery to detect rice-based cropping patterns in the major rice-growing area of the Philippines, including (1) determining the best polarization or band ratio to differentiate different rice cropping patterns, and; (2) comparing the performance of rule-based and decision tree classifiers in classifying different cropping patterns.","National Irrigation boundaries\nNational irrigation systems (NIS) are large and medium schemes operated and maintained by National Irrigation Administration (NIA), the Philippines, providing irrigation service for rice-planted farmers.","Total rice area harvested in these 2 provinces is 447,228 hectares, which comprises 66% of the total rice area in Central Luzon and 10% of total rice area of the Philippines (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016).","The following at the PhilRice Central Experiment Station (CES), Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines: Dr. Eduardo Jimmy P. Quilang for supporting our research and our stay at the CES; our test farmers Sonia Asilo and Rose Mabalay, for their advice to improve the survey; Jaja Bibar for arranging accommodation and meetings with PRISM/PRIME project staff at PhilRice CES; Rose Mabalay for facilitating access to water release dates for the main irrigation systems in Nueva Ecija, and; Sonia Asilo for permission to use her published rice cropping system map.","A total of 30 dual-polarization images across two provinces (Nueva Ecija and Tarlac) in the Philippines were obtained between November 2016 and October 2017."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":3767137708,"citingcorpusid":109910640,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["], Osanna, Mantova 1591).(10) In verità, non saprei dire quanto conti la precedenza cronologica ai fini di questo contributo, se non per mettere in rilievo (ammessa la seriorità delle ballate) come la cristallina bellezza di Ecco mormorar l’onde, testo che nasce all’altezza dei Discorsi dell’arte poetica, ha qualcosa di Salvatore Ritrovato"],"intents":[null]}
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{"citationid":4586879871,"citingcorpusid":266863127,"citedcorpusid":220120339,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["By analyzing these sounds healthcare professionals can gain valuable insights into patients' cardiac conditions as well as identify various forms of cardiac problems like valvular heart disease, heart failure and arrhythmias [5]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1090172084,"citingcorpusid":130179497,"citedcorpusid":45225255,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Comparison with Past Studies Summary statistics of the soil analysis results from the Pip (1991) study, the survey by HBM&S (1994), and the present study (Conservation) are presented in the series of graphs in Figure 14. Note that soil samples collected during the Pip study were only analyzed for Cd, Cu, and Pb, while samples collected during the HBM&S study were analyzed for As, Hg, and Zn, in addition to Cd, Cu, and Pb. The Pip data show the range and mean concentrations for each metal analyzed from the 12 gardens sampled in that study. According to Pip (1991), three replicate samples were collected from each site during the study. However, neither the raw data for these samples nor the summary statistics from each individual site were readily available to be used in this report (Pip pers. comm. 2002). Seven Flin Flon gardens and one garden in the neighbouring town of Creighton, SK, were sampled during the HBM&S study. A single composite soil sample was collected and analyzed from each site and the raw data were available from HBM&S (1994). Results from the Creighton site were not included in calculating the summary statistics used in Figure 14.","Summary statistics were used to compare the vegetable analysis results from the studies by Pip (1991) and HBM&S (1994) and the present study (hereafter referred to in this section as the Conservation study).","Similar studies were conducted by Pip in 1989 (Pip 1991) and by HBM&S in 1994 (HBM&S Environment unpublished report 1994).","This makes a direct comparison with the mean data from the Pip study problematic, especially since Pip (1991) reported that soil metal concentrations were inversely correlated with distance from the smelter.","Finally, results from this 2002 study were compared to concentrations reported in the Pip (1991) and HBM&S (1994) studies.","Similar studies were conducted by Pip in 1989 (Pip 1991)","study were compared to concentrations reported in the Pip (1991) and HBM&S (1994) studies.","Comparison with Past Studies Summary statistics of the soil analysis results from the Pip (1991) study, the survey by HBM&S (1994), and the present study (Conservation) are presented in the series of graphs in Figure 14.","Summary statistics of the soil analysis results from the Pip (1991) study, the survey by HBM&S\n(1994), and the present study (Conservation) are presented in the series of graphs in Figure 14.","Comparison with Past Studies Summary statistics of the soil analysis results from the Pip (1991) study, the survey by HBM&S (1994), and the present study (Conservation) are presented in the series of graphs in Figure 14. Note that soil samples collected during the Pip study were only analyzed for Cd, Cu, and Pb, while samples collected during the HBM&S study were analyzed for As, Hg, and Zn, in addition to Cd, Cu, and Pb. The Pip data show the range and mean concentrations for each metal analyzed from the 12 gardens sampled in that study. According to Pip (1991), three replicate samples were collected from each site during the study.","According to Pip (1991) an attempt was made to collect and analyze three replicate samples of each vegetable from each garden site.","According to Pip (1991), three replicate samples were collected from each site during the study.","Another difficulty in making comparisons between the data sets is that the summary statistics from the Pip study included data collected from gardens up to 12.8 km from the smelter, while the HBM&S and Conservation summary statistics were derived only from sites located in Flin Flon. This makes a direct comparison with the mean data from the Pip study problematic, especially since Pip (1991) reported that soil metal concentrations were inversely correlated with distance from the smelter.","Mean (± SD) and range in metal concentrations in soil from Pip (1991) (n=36), HBM&S (1994) (n=7), and the present study (Conservation) (n=27)."],"intents":[["methodology"],["methodology"],["result"],["result"],["result"],["methodology"],["result"],null,["methodology"],["methodology"],["methodology"],["background"],null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":2611036820,"citingcorpusid":85862740,"citedcorpusid":85225521,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Brandis (2002) recognized both the Isolapotamidae and Sinopotamidae based primarily on the character of the second gonopod (G2).","In addition, Brandis (2002) suggested that Huananpotamon may be synonymous with Nanhaipotamon due to their similar G2s (and therefore part of his ‘Isolapotamidae’), but the DNA data clearly show Huananpotamon to be a separate genus, distinct from Nanhaipotamon (Fig.","Our molecular evidence partially supports Brandis’ (2002) ‘Isolapotamidae’ as being monophyletic, but only for the genus Isolapotamon (the ‘Borneo I’ group in the ‘Sunda Shelf islands’ subclade; Fig.","The other genera that Brandis (2002) transferred to his ‘Isolapotamidae’ (Demanietta, Dromothelphusa, Flabellamon and Nanhaipotamon) are not closely related to Isolapotamon, and belong to a separate subclade (Fig.","Brandis’ (2002) exclusion of Malayopotamon from his ‘Isolapotamidae’ is also partially supported by the molecular evidence, which shows it to be a separate monophyletic group, namely the ‘SW Sunda’ group under the ‘Sunda Shelf islands’ subclade (Fig."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":4425912566,"citingcorpusid":130179497,"citedcorpusid":102401633,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Furthermore, the average daily consumption of root and non-root vegetables by toddlers, children, teens, and adults in Canada (Table 9) are all below the allowable daily consumption amounts calculated for each vegetable in Table 8. Infants primarily consume breast milk, infant formula, and commercially prepared baby food, and thus As exposure from consumption of locally grown garden produce would likely not be a concern. According to Health Canada (1995b), backyard vegetables only account for about 7% of the total vegetable intake by Canadians (see Table 10). Therefore, assuming that this estimate is applicable to the population in Flin Flon, the actual amount of As intake from consumption of locally grown produce is expected to be relatively low. In fact, even if the total vegetable intake from Flin Flon gardens consisted entirely of lettuce, the amount of inorganic As ingested over the long-term would, depending on the source garden and the age class of the consumer, only account for between 1% and 10% of the TDI. Based on this interpretation of the data, it is concluded that the risk of acute or chronic toxicity from exposure to inorganic As through consumption of garden vegetables grown in Flin Flon is considered low. A similar conclusion was reached by Koch et al. (2001) in their study of As in vegetables grown in contaminated soil in Yellowknife, NWT.","Furthermore, the average daily consumption of root and non-root vegetables by toddlers, children, teens, and adults in Canada (Table 9) are all below the allowable daily consumption amounts calculated for each vegetable in Table 8. Infants primarily consume breast milk, infant formula, and commercially prepared baby food, and thus As exposure from consumption of locally grown garden produce would likely not be a concern. According to Health Canada (1995b), backyard vegetables only account for about 7% of the total vegetable intake by Canadians (see Table 10)."],"intents":[null,["background"]]}
{"citationid":4175557151,"citingcorpusid":1076062,"citedcorpusid":232171971,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Some analytic calculations suggest that eccentricity can be excited through the action of disk torques (Goldreich & Sari 2003, Ogilvie & Lubow 2003), although multiple planet systems would be compromised if this were always the case (Moorhead & Adams 2005).","The circumstellar disks that drive inward migration also produce damping and/or excitation (Goldreich & Sari 2003, Ogilvie & Lubow 2003) of orbital eccentricity, and this complication affects the maintenance of resonance."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2336574269,"citingcorpusid":44778232,"citedcorpusid":19080664,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Among these devices which hold great promise for application in NEMS are nanomotor [3], nanobearings [4], gigahertz oscillator [5], nanorelay [6], nanodrill [7], memory cells [8], tension nanosensor [9], and nanoswitch [10]."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3299715066,"citingcorpusid":232413569,"citedcorpusid":16094249,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Finally, the hybrid surrogate model was reconstructed by using the total sample set PA, and the fitting accuracy evaluation index (RRMSE, RMAE) was calculated depending on Equation (3).","The mathematical definitions of the two indicators are shown in Equation (3): RRMSE = √ 1 nt nt∑ i=1 (yi − ŷi)2 std RMAE = Max [ yi − ŷi ] std (3)\nwhere yi and ŷi are the actual response and the predicted response of ith test sample points respectively, nt is the number of test sample points, and std is the standard deviation of yi.","With a large number of sample points, the four methods all achieved high accuracy, among which MWAS and MSE performed better.","Then they were sorted according to the GMSE, and the three single surrogate models with the highest fitting accuracy were weighted to construct a hybrid surrogate model.","F1 : f1(x1, x2) = (x21 + x2 − 11) 2 + (x22 + x1 − 7) 2,\nx1, x2 ∈ [−3, 3] (16)\nF2 : f2(x1, x2) = 2x21 − 1.05x 4 1 + x61 6 + x1x2 + x22 ,\nx1, x2 ∈ [−3, 3] (17)\nF3 : f3(x1, x2) = 3(1− x1)2 exp(−x21 − (x2 + 1) 2)\n− 10( x1 5 − x31 − x 5 2 ) exp(−x 2 1 − x 2 2 ) − 1 3 exp(−(x1 + 1)2 − x22 ),\nx1, x2 ∈ [−3, 3] (18)\nB. TEST SCHEME For comparison, the other four approaches were adopted to test the examples, including the MSE [23], MDA, WPV and OLHD.","RRMSE represents the global accuracy of the surrogate model.","The formula is shown in Equation (2): wi = w∗i N∑ j=1 w∗j , w∗i = (Ei + αĒ) β Ē = 1 N N∑ i=1 Ei, Ei = RMSEi = √√√√√ 1 M M∑ j=1 (yj − ŷj)2 (2)\nwhere yj is the response of jth sample, ŷj is the predicted response obtained for the surrogate model constructed using all sample points except the jth sample, Ei is the RMSE of ith sub-model, M is the number of sample, α and β\n45442 VOLUME 9, 2021\nis respectively controlling the importance of averaging and sub-models, with values of 0.05 and −1.","For comparison, the other four approaches were adopted to test the examples, including the MSE [23], MDA, WPV and OLHD.","Jin et al. [23] have introduced the mean squared error (MSE) method for global meta-modeling.","[23] have introduced the mean squared error (MSE) method for global meta-modeling.","The root mean square error (RMSE) heuristic weighting scheme based on cross-validation was adopted to construct a hybrid surrogate model [25].","The closer the value of RRMSE is to 0, the higher the global accuracy of the model.","(b) Based on numerical examples and engineering cases, the sampling efficiency of MWAS, WPV, MDA, MSE and OLHD sampling methods were compared.","At the same time, the local accuracy of the surrogate model constructed\nby WPV is better than that of MDA, MSE and OLHD approaches.","The smaller the RRMSE and RMAE under the equal sample size, the better the sampling efficiency.","Comparing MWAS with the other four sampling methods, improvements of RRMSE and RMAE are shown in Figure 4.","In order to assess the fitting accuracy of the surrogate model, two frequently used evaluation indicators were adopted: relative root mean square error (RRMSE) and relative maximum absolute error (RMAE) [26], [27].","Global and local accuracy (RRMSE and RMAE) of the surrogate model constructed with the same total sample size was used to measure the sampling efficiency.","Accuracy evaluation indices RRMSE and RMAE of the surrogate model were calculated based on 1000 test sample points obtained by OLHD."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["methodology"],null,["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
{"citationid":1007352437,"citingcorpusid":82427927,"citedcorpusid":40949044,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["PhoB was described as hypo biofilm and hyper motility regulator [433,448-450].","various bacterial species [433,448-450], the impact of phoB inactivation and Pho constitutive expression (Δpst) on these two phenotypes was further examined.","fluorescens est en carence en Pi, elle perd sa capacité à former un biofilm à cause de l’induction par PhoB de l’activité PDE de l’enzyme LapD, entraînant une baisse intracellulaire de c-di-GMP [450]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3430426854,"citingcorpusid":231738071,"citedcorpusid":144810744,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…continues to be felt today, in the ongoing structural disadvantages related to their historical marginalisation (Balagopalan 2003, p. 59; cf. Vasavi 2003; Kumar 2015).\nexams in New Delhi’s tribal hostel, and a security guard in Delhi who spent his free time learning how to start a business.","11 While such discourses took shape during colonial rule, since independence India’s education activities were related to its modernisation agenda and drive for economic liberalisation (Kumar 2015; Hopkins and Sriprakash 2015; Vasavi 2003).","…and have been criticised by researchers for ignoring the conditions and complexities of poverty that lead to ongoing educational deprivation (Vasavi 2003), and for ‘naturalising’ formal schooling as the solution for a better future (Hopkins and Sriprakash 2015, p. 11).3\nDiscourses…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2515563831,"citingcorpusid":41683911,"citedcorpusid":10924375,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Another key advantage is that it is independent of CSF lymphocyte count, which is often reduced in HIV-infected persons (4, 7, 11)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1007355173,"citingcorpusid":82427927,"citedcorpusid":26984334,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["It is also implicated in the stationary phase and the induction of genes in nutrient-limiting environments [581].","rpoS gene is expressed under a variety of growth conditions, but regulation and RpoS production is largely dependent on post-transcriptional stability [581,582]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
{"citationid":4476255343,"citingcorpusid":146995271,"citedcorpusid":34910683,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["With reference to the content of motivation, Chirkov et al. (2007) explain that goals’ content is context-specific.","What is more, the push and pull model of international migration (Martin, 1993; Richmond, 1993) has also been one of the commonly used tools to explain international student motivation and decisions (Chen, 2007; Chirkov et al., 2007; Mazzarol and Soutar, 2002).","The literature on learner motivation in light of ‘future components of the self’ (Lamb, 2011; Dörnyei, 2009, 2005) and studies of self-determination motivation (Chirkov et al., 2007; Ryan and Deci, 2002) remind us that learners who have clear visions for their future selves are more autonomous and motivated learners.","On the other hand, when individuals try to meet the expectations of others while partially internalising the activity, it can be said that they have an introjected regulation of this activity (Chirkov et al., 2007).","Autonomous motivation, Chirkov et al. (2007) argue, has two types: intrinsic and internalised extrinsic.","Chirkov et al. (2007) identify a potential gap in the literature asserting that the motivation of international students remains understudied."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3709038138,"citingcorpusid":119630777,"citedcorpusid":122546603,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["the reader can find applications of the von Mises distribution in Batschelet (1981 Section 15.3), Fisher (1993 Section 4.5) and Mardia & Jupp (2000 Chapter 7). Let Y1, . . . , Yn denote independent angular observations such that Yi d = VM(μi, λ). Considering the relationship between an angular response and linear variables Gould (1969) proposes a model in which the mean direction takes the linear structure μi = μ0 + ∑p j=1 xijβj , where xi1, .","the reader can find applications of the von Mises distribution in Batschelet (1981 Section 15.3), Fisher (1993 Section 4.5) and Mardia & Jupp (2000 Chapter 7). Let Y1, . . . , Yn denote independent angular observations such that Yi d = VM(μi, λ). Considering the relationship between an angular response and linear variables Gould (1969) proposes a model in which the mean direction takes the linear structure μi = μ0 + ∑p j=1 xijβj , where xi1, . . . , xip are known real numbers and μ0 and β = (β1, . . . , βp) are unknown parameters to be estimated. Fisher & Lee (1992) propose a more general class of models by considering μi = μ0 + g(ηi) , (2) where ηi = x i β and xi = (xi1, .","the reader can find applications of the von Mises distribution in Batschelet (1981 Section 15.3), Fisher (1993 Section 4.5) and Mardia & Jupp (2000 Chapter 7). Let Y1, . . . , Yn denote independent angular observations such that Yi d = VM(μi, λ). Considering the relationship between an angular response and linear variables Gould (1969) proposes a model in which the mean direction takes the linear structure μi = μ0 + ∑p j=1 xijβj , where xi1, . . . , xip are known real numbers and μ0 and β = (β1, . . . , βp) are unknown parameters to be estimated. Fisher & Lee (1992) propose a more general class of models by considering μi = μ0 + g(ηi) , (2) where ηi = x i β and xi = (xi1, . . . , xip). The function g maps the real line R to the unit circle. We assume g is monotone twice continuously differentiable and satisfies g(0) = 0. There is an analogy between g and the link function in generalized linear models (GLMs; McCullagh & Nelder, 1989). Fisher & Lee (1992) and Fisher (1993 Section 6.","the reader can find applications of the von Mises distribution in Batschelet (1981 Section 15.3), Fisher (1993 Section 4.5) and Mardia & Jupp (2000 Chapter 7). Let Y1, . . . , Yn denote independent angular observations such that Yi d = VM(μi, λ). Considering the relationship between an angular response and linear variables Gould (1969) proposes a model in which the mean direction takes the linear structure μi = μ0 + ∑p j=1 xijβj , where xi1, . . . , xip are known real numbers and μ0 and β = (β1, . . . , βp) are unknown parameters to be estimated. Fisher & Lee (1992) propose a more general class of models by considering μi = μ0 + g(ηi) , (2) where ηi = x i β and xi = (xi1, . . . , xip). The function g maps the real line R to the unit circle. We assume g is monotone twice continuously differentiable and satisfies g(0) = 0. There is an analogy between g and the link function in generalized linear models (GLMs; McCullagh & Nelder, 1989). Fisher & Lee (1992) and Fisher (1993 Section 6.4.2) discuss several examples of g and one possible choice is g(t) = 2 arctan(t). When we investigate fitted models associated with the normal distribution N(μ, σ 2), many definitions of residual lead to (Y − μ̂)/σ̂ or something like that. This is not the case when the underlying distribution differs from the normal distribution; various definitions of residual have been discussed, for instance, by Cox & Snell (1968), McCullagh & Nelder (1989 Section 12.5) and Jørgensen (1997 Section 3.6), among others. In particular we have to keep in mind that the meaning of ‘large’ residual or ‘small’ residual for an angular response is not as clear as for residuals on the real line. One reason for this difference is that the circle is a closed curve while the line is not, and their algebraic structures are different. In general, we can define the residual for the ith observation as a function ri = r(Yi, μ̂i) which takes into account discrepancies between the model and data. Cox & Snell (1968) give approximations for the first two moments of ri , when the random variable Yi is an explicit function of εi having a completely specified distribution, e.g. Yi = Y (μi, εi), say. When the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of Yi is hard to obtain, and εi has a standard normal distribution, Davison & Gigli (1989) argue that the relationship Yi = Y (μi, εi) leads to the residual ri = r(Y (μi, εi), μ̂i), which is the solution of Yi = Y (μ̂i, ri). They discuss an approximation obtained by using the first few terms of the Taylor series expansion of the function r. In Section 2 we review the von Mises regression model, proposed by Fisher & Lee (1992). In Section 3 we discuss the deviance residual and investigate some corrections to obtain a normal approximation for its probability distribution.","the reader can find applications of the von Mises distribution in Batschelet (1981 Section 15.3), Fisher (1993 Section 4.5) and Mardia & Jupp (2000 Chapter 7). Let Y1, . . . , Yn denote independent angular observations such that Yi d = VM(μi, λ). Considering the relationship between an angular response and linear variables Gould (1969) proposes a model in which the mean direction takes the linear structure μi = μ0 + ∑p j=1 xijβj , where xi1, . . . , xip are known real numbers and μ0 and β = (β1, . . . , βp) are unknown parameters to be estimated. Fisher & Lee (1992) propose a more general class of models by considering μi = μ0 + g(ηi) , (2) where ηi = x i β and xi = (xi1, . . . , xip). The function g maps the real line R to the unit circle. We assume g is monotone twice continuously differentiable and satisfies g(0) = 0. There is an analogy between g and the link function in generalized linear models (GLMs; McCullagh & Nelder, 1989). Fisher & Lee (1992) and Fisher (1993 Section 6.4.2) discuss several examples of g and one possible choice is g(t) = 2 arctan(t). When we investigate fitted models associated with the normal distribution N(μ, σ 2), many definitions of residual lead to (Y − μ̂)/σ̂ or something like that. This is not the case when the underlying distribution differs from the normal distribution; various definitions of residual have been discussed, for instance, by Cox & Snell (1968), McCullagh & Nelder (1989 Section 12.5) and Jørgensen (1997 Section 3.6), among others. In particular we have to keep in mind that the meaning of ‘large’ residual or ‘small’ residual for an angular response is not as clear as for residuals on the real line. One reason for this difference is that the circle is a closed curve while the line is not, and their algebraic structures are different. In general, we can define the residual for the ith observation as a function ri = r(Yi, μ̂i) which takes into account discrepancies between the model and data. Cox & Snell (1968) give approximations for the first two moments of ri , when the random variable Yi is an explicit function of εi having a completely specified distribution, e.","the reader can find applications of the von Mises distribution in Batschelet (1981 Section 15.3), Fisher (1993 Section 4.5) and Mardia & Jupp (2000 Chapter 7). Let Y1, . . . , Yn denote independent angular observations such that Yi d = VM(μi, λ). Considering the relationship between an angular response and linear variables Gould (1969) proposes a model in which the mean direction takes the linear structure μi = μ0 + ∑p j=1 xijβj , where xi1, . . . , xip are known real numbers and μ0 and β = (β1, . . . , βp) are unknown parameters to be estimated. Fisher & Lee (1992) propose a more general class of models by considering μi = μ0 + g(ηi) , (2) where ηi = x i β and xi = (xi1, . . . , xip). The function g maps the real line R to the unit circle. We assume g is monotone twice continuously differentiable and satisfies g(0) = 0. There is an analogy between g and the link function in generalized linear models (GLMs; McCullagh & Nelder, 1989). Fisher & Lee (1992) and Fisher (1993 Section 6.4.2) discuss several examples of g and one possible choice is g(t) = 2 arctan(t). When we investigate fitted models associated with the normal distribution N(μ, σ 2), many definitions of residual lead to (Y − μ̂)/σ̂ or something like that. This is not the case when the underlying distribution differs from the normal distribution; various definitions of residual have been discussed, for instance, by Cox & Snell (1968), McCullagh & Nelder (1989 Section 12.5) and Jørgensen (1997 Section 3.6), among others. In particular we have to keep in mind that the meaning of ‘large’ residual or ‘small’ residual for an angular response is not as clear as for residuals on the real line. One reason for this difference is that the circle is a closed curve while the line is not, and their algebraic structures are different. In general, we can define the residual for the ith observation as a function ri = r(Yi, μ̂i) which takes into account discrepancies between the model and data. Cox & Snell (1968) give approximations for the first two moments of ri , when the random variable Yi is an explicit function of εi having a completely specified distribution, e.g. Yi = Y (μi, εi), say. When the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of Yi is hard to obtain, and εi has a standard normal distribution, Davison & Gigli (1989) argue that the relationship Yi = Y (μi, εi) leads to the residual ri = r(Y (μi, εi), μ̂i), which is the solution of Yi = Y (μ̂i, ri).","the reader can find applications of the von Mises distribution in Batschelet (1981 Section 15.3), Fisher (1993 Section 4.5) and Mardia & Jupp (2000 Chapter 7). Let Y1, . . . , Yn denote independent angular observations such that Yi d = VM(μi, λ). Considering the relationship between an angular response and linear variables Gould (1969) proposes a model in which the mean direction takes the linear structure μi = μ0 + ∑p j=1 xijβj , where xi1, . . . , xip are known real numbers and μ0 and β = (β1, . . . , βp) are unknown parameters to be estimated. Fisher & Lee (1992) propose a more general class of models by considering μi = μ0 + g(ηi) , (2) where ηi = x i β and xi = (xi1, . . . , xip). The function g maps the real line R to the unit circle. We assume g is monotone twice continuously differentiable and satisfies g(0) = 0. There is an analogy between g and the link function in generalized linear models (GLMs; McCullagh & Nelder, 1989). Fisher & Lee (1992) and Fisher (1993 Section 6.4.2) discuss several examples of g and one possible choice is g(t) = 2 arctan(t). When we investigate fitted models associated with the normal distribution N(μ, σ 2), many definitions of residual lead to (Y − μ̂)/σ̂ or something like that. This is not the case when the underlying distribution differs from the normal distribution; various definitions of residual have been discussed, for instance, by Cox & Snell (1968), McCullagh & Nelder (1989 Section 12."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],null,null,null,null]}
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(2007c), b) heavy anchoring gear used by Verfuß et al. (2007c) ....................................","Impacts of offshore wind farm construction on harbour porpoises: acoustic monitoring of echolocating activity using popoise detectors (T-PODs).","A comparative measurement (intra calibration, Figure 6-12) of the T-PODs at sea is easier to do, but needs certain deployment times to give comparable results (Verfuß et al. 2007, Diederichs et al. in prep.).","That the above mentioned study cannot go above 0.4 animals per km² using ppd shows, that a correlation with porpoise positive hours is needed, but definitely not, that T-PODs are not usable in high density areas.","57\nFigure 6-12: Intracalibration of T-PODs close to the wind farm Nysted, from Verfuß et al. (2007c), the devices are separated by at least 30 cm to prevent a bias from interferences and echoes.","1 http://www.chelonia.co.uk/ 2 http://www.aquatecsubsea.com/\nMethodologies for measuring changes in marine mammal behaviour, abundance or distribution arising from offshore windfarms\n53\nT-PODs utilise the relatively small bandwidth of harbour porpoise echolocation clicks centred at 130 kHz (Goodson et al. 1995, Kamminga et al. 1999) by comparing the energy content of the center frequency and a reference frequency.","Verfuß et al. (2008) used such a system to monitor the positions of their T-PODs with some success.","An important precondition for the comparison of data from different T-PODs is the same sensitivity of the devices.","hardware based noise suppression 3\n4th order band pass filter noise adaptation (for\nversion 4 and 5)\nsimilar as for\nT-PODs","Dähne and colleagues used a dataset of five measuring positions employing T-PODs around the isle of Fehmarn and five positions around the Kadet Trench in the German Baltic Sea (Figure 6-13), to find the necessary sample sizes needed to monitor these two marine protected areas (MPAs).","As the harbour porpoise is a species occurring regularly in all UK waters the use of SAM (T-PODs) is recommended for collecting baseline data in a very high temporal resolution and independent from weather conditions.","All of these factors have no or at least only little influence on the data acquisition with T-PODs.","One of the drawbacks of this study is that the baseline period did not cover a full season before impact and a full BACI design with T-PODs serving as a control was in place only five months before construction.","Thus it would be sensible to consider two plus one T-PODs as the minimum number of units used in any approach.","The T-POD hydrophones should be tested from at least eight angles to find their radial directivity (Dähne et al. 2006).","With T-PODs it is possible to distinguish between harbour porpoise and bottlenose dolphin vocalisations (see chapter 6.2.1).","Therefore all T-PODs used were calibrated in a test tank as well as in the field.","Verfuß and colleagues (2008) found, that a threshold of 127 dB P-P re 1 µPa was usable for T-PODs in the German Baltic Sea, thus seriously diminishing the side effects caused by high noise levels.","Detection function of T-PODs and estimation of porpoise densities.","The results of intra calibrations are only comparable to other studies if at least some of the T-PODs used are absolutely calibrated as well.","57\nOlder T-POD versions (version 1 to 3) had much stronger variations in receiving thresholds than the newer version 4 and 5 T-PODs (Dähne et al. 2006).","• T-POD settings, except for minimum intensity or sensitivity should be constant within the individual devices and during the cause of the study, while minimum intensity or sensitivity can be used to set the T-PODs to a standard sensitivity.","For harbour porpoises for instance, acoustic surveys using T-PODs or visual and acoustic line-transect surveys will give better results regarding their interpretability, because the analysis is not being done for single individuals.","The authors of this report prefer the latter approach, as this will give you the opportunity to use the T-PODs in a rotation where every device can be used at each position.","As measuring equipment may be lost at sea, it must be assured that more T-PODs are deployed as the result of the power analysis suggests.","Statistical power of line transect surveys using aircrafts and ships and Static Acoustic Monitoring using T-PODs is analysed from datasets obtained in German studies.","Kyhn et al. (2006) showed that there is a relationship, not only between the threshold of individual T-PODs and the number of registered clicks, but also between the threshold and the number of registered clicks classified as being from porpoise origin.","In Table 6-6 standard settings for T-PODs to distinguish between the two species harbour porpoise and bottlenose dolphin are given.","Their study rather focussed on the deployment of T-PODs at 3 locations inside the wind farm and 3 reference locations, presumably affected by the same natural variations in the environment as the impact area (e. g., hydrography and food availability), at a distance of approximately 10 km to the windfarm site.","Data were collected via T-PODs between July 2001 and the end of 2005.","Other methodological variation arises from differences in T-POD sensitivities (Verfuß et al. 2004a, Dähne et al. 2006a, Kyhn et al. 2006).","Static Acoustic Monitoring (SAM) using T-PODs or other devices provide excellent data on harbour porpoises and potentially also dolphin species at a high temporal but low spatial resolution.","T-PODs can divide each minute of logging into 6 separate intervals (scans).","Static Acoustic Monitoring (T-PODs)\nStatic Acoustic Monitoring (SAM) using T-PODs or other devices has proven to be an efficient method to collect data on harbour porpoises and bottlenose dolphins with a high temporal resolution.","T-PODs can log up to 1,000,000 clicks per second, which gives an extremely high temporal resolution.","…receiving thresholds in a closed environment under test conditions (test tank calibration, Figure 6-11), as described by Verfuß et al. (2004a), Dähne et al. (2006 )and Tougaard et al. (2006b), is preferable to determine absolute thresholds, thus enabling the researcher or consulting agency…","• The devices should be rotated between the positions to reduce the bias caused by different sensitivities or individual T-PODs.","The baseline period started in April 2002 when three T-PODs were deployed in the windfarm and three T-PODs at a reference station.","While Kyhn et al. (2006) and Carstensen et al. (2006) used the measured thresholds as a covariate in a later modelling approach, Dähne et al. (2006) and Verfuß et al. (2007a) use their measurements to adjust the thresholds to the same level.","Tougaard et al. (2006c) showed that porpoise detection via T-PODs may be density related.","There are also differences in the number of registered porpoise positive ten minutes using the different T-POD versions V3 and V4 set to the same thresholds (Dähne et al. 2006).","T-PODs with lower thresholds register clicks of the same amplitude at farther distances, thus enlarging the actual detection area or better volume of the water column.","T-PODs have been successfully used in high (e.g. Tougaard et al. 2006b) as well as medium and low density areas (e.g. Tougaard et al. 2006a, Verfuß et al. 2007a, Dähne et al. 2006b).","E. g. in studies on cetaceans, static acoustic monitoring using T-PODs provides continuous data with a low spatial resolution (limited by the range and number of T-PODs used) whereas line transect surveys have a high spatial but low temporal resolution (limited by the number of surveys) (Tougaard et al. 2006b).","The results showed that harbour porpoises were recorded on the T-PODs nearly daily in the two areas of Horns Rev (North Sea) and Nysted (Baltic Sea).","53\nFigure 6-11: Test tank calibration of T-PODs, from Verfuß et al. 2007c, a) schematic drawing with the T-POD as receiving instrument, b) photograph of the actual pool with the reference hydrophone as the receiver.","14\nFigure 3-1: Linear array of T-PODs (transect) from outside (left) to inside the wind farm (right).","• The minimum number of T-PODs used should not be less than three devices and higher than given by the power analysis results to account for data losses.","Acoustical methods like T-PODs, click detectors to register the echolocation sound of odontocetes, have proven to be useful to detect harbour porpoises (Thomsen et al. 2005, Verfuß et al. 2004).","Based on the employment of up to 6 T-PODs and aerial and ship based line-transect surveys, the authors\nMethodologies for measuring changes in marine mammal behaviour, abundance or distribution arising from offshore windfarms\n23\ninvestigated harbour porpoises before impact, during construction and during operation of the windfarm."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,null,["methodology"],null,null,["methodology"],null,["methodology"],null,["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":4479021018,"citingcorpusid":56570146,"citedcorpusid":116075044,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Recent data from Germany (2015) show that 12.3% of all deaths are caused by respiratory diseases (ICD-10: J00-J99 including C33-C34) [8].","Depending on the week and season, up to 2.6% of the population (at the peak of the\nICD-10 codes Gender Period APC (95% CI) Period APC (95% CI) AAPC (95% CI) C33-C34 (Malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchus and lung) Women 1998-2008 3.9 3.7/4.2 2008-2013 2.1 1.4/2.7 3.3 3.1/3.6 Men 1998-2005 -1.8 -2.1/-1.5 2005-2011 -0.8 -1.3/-0.3 -1.5 -1.9/-1.2 2011-2013 -2.7 -4.8/-0.5 APC=annual percentage change, and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) AAPC=average annual percentage change, and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) between 1998 and 2013\nTable 3 Trends in age-standardised incidence and mortality rates (per 100,000 population) for malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchus and lung (ICD-10 C33-C34) between 1998 and 2013, Germany (old European standard population; ≥0 years of age) by gender\nData Source: German Centre for Cancer\nRegistry Data [28, 29]\nLong-term time trends in the incidence and mortality of chronic lung diseases, including lung cancer, are of particular interest from a health policy perspective.","Figure 4 Age-specific incidence and mortality rates (per 100,000 population) for malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchus and lung\n(ICD-10 C33-C34) in 2013, Germany (≥0 years of age) by gender\nData Sources: German Centre for Cancer Registry Data [28, 29] and Official statistics\non causes of death [8]\n50\n100\n150\n200\n250\n300\nRate per 100,000 population\nage (years) 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+\n350\n400\n450\nIncidence rate : Women Men Mortality rate: Women Men\nJournal of Health Monitoring 2017 2(3)\nFigure 3 shows that the absolute number of deaths in 1998 was considerably lower among both women and men than in 2015.","Incidence of asthma among adults The current analysis is based on data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1) conducted by the RKI as part of the continuous health monitoring system in Germany [30-33].","In some patients, symptoms of asthma may resolve, at least for longer periods of time [4, 7, 8].","9) based on the weekly consultation rates (per 100,000 population) between 2009 and 2016, Germany (men and women) by age\nData source: Syndromic surveillance of acute\nrespiratory infections (ARI) by the AGI (the RKI’s working group on influenza) [26, 27]\nLung cancer incidence and mortality rates decreased among men and increased among women.","Henriette Steppuhn*, Silke Buda*, Antje Wienecke*, Klaus Kraywinkel, Kristin Tolksdorf, Jörg Haberland, Detlef Laußmann, Christa Scheidt-Nave\n*contributed equally\nJournal of Health Monitoring 2017 2(3)\nified J18) among men, count among the ten most frequent causes of death in Germany [8].","In 2015, a severe acute respiratory infection (ICD10: J09-J22) was reported as the underlying cause of death (monocausal cause of death) for 10,743 women and 10,816 men in Germany (Table 1).","Smoking is the most important modifiable risk factor for COPD in Germany [1, 7-9].","COPD is a prevalent chronic disease of middle and older age [1, 4-7].","In Germany and throughout the world, diseases of the airways and lung are of significant socioeconomic importance [1-7].","These differences between lifetime and 12-month prevalence indicate the varying degrees of disease activity over time in individuals with asthma [4, 7, 8].","Figure 2 Age-specific mortality rates (deaths per 100,000 population) due to respiratory diseases of high public health relevance in 2015, Germany (≥0 years of age) by age and gender\nData source: Official statistics on\ncauses of death [8]\n100\n200\n300\n400\n500\n600\nDeaths per 100,000 population\nage (years) 0-\n4 5- 9\n10 -1\n4\n15 -1\n9\n20 -2\n4\n25 -2\n9\n30 -3\n4\n35 -3\n9\n40 -4\n4\n45 -4\n9\n50 -5\n4\n55 -5\n9\n60 -6\n4\n65 -6\n9\n70 -7\n4\n75 -7\n9\n80 -8\n4 85 +\n700\n800 Women Men\nsevere acute respiratory infections (J09-J22)\nmalignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchus and lung (C33-C34)\nchronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other chronic lower respiratory diseases excluding asthma (J40-J44, J47)\nasthma (J45-J46)\n0- 4 5- 9\n10 -1\n4\n15 -1\n9\n20 -2\n4\n25 -2\n9\n30 -3\n4\n35 -3\n9\n40 -4\n4\n45 -4\n9\n50 -5\n4\n55 -5\n9\n60 -6\n4\n65 -6\n9\n70 -7\n4\n75 -7\n9\n80 -8\n4 85 +\nJournal of Health Monitoring 2017 2(3)\nFigure 3 Trends in the annual number of deaths (above) and age-standardised mortality\nrates (deaths per 100,000 population, below) due to respiratory diseases of high public health relevance between 1998 and 2015, Germany (old European standard population; ≥0 years of age) by gender\nData source: Official statistics on causes of death [8]\n5,000\n10,000\n15,000\n20,000\n25,000\n30,000\nNumber of deaths\n19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15\n35,000\n40,000 Women Men\n19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15\n10\n20\n30\n40\n50\n60\nDeaths per 100,000 population\nyear\n19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15\n70\n80 Women Men\n19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15\nsevere acute respiratory infections (J09-J22)\nmalignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchus and lung (C33-C34)\nchronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other chronic lower respiratory diseases excluding asthma (J40-J44, J47)\nasthma (J45-J46)\nCOPD mortality rates decreased among men and increased among women, whereas asthma mortality rates substantially declined for both genders.","Some patients with mild asthma may experience periods when they are completely free of symptoms [5, 7].","In Germany, alongside acute diseases of the respiratory tract (J00-J22), lung cancer (C33-C34), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, J44), and asthma (J45-J46), in particular, are associated with a high burden of disease and mortality [1-7, 11, 12].","The considerable faster decline in asthma mortality when compared with all-cause mortality indicates that suroping COPD depends on the total amount of cigarette smoking over time (‘pack years’) [2, 7].","Assessments of the burden of disease associated with COPD therefore highly depend on the availability of reliable data permitting analyses on time trends in the number of years spent with health-related disability [4, 5, 7].","This gender difference was observed both at a younger age (18 to 44 years) and among older\nFigure 5 Trends in the annual number of incident cases and deaths, malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchus and lung (ICD-10 C33-C34) between 1998 and 2013, Germany (≥0 years of age) by gender\nData Sources: German Centre for Cancer Registry Data [28, 29] and Official statistics on causes of death [8]\nFigure 6 Trends in age-standardised incidence and mortality rates (per 100,000 population) for malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchus and lung (ICD-10 C33-C34) between 1998 and 2013, Germany (old European standard population; ≥0 years of age) by gender\nData Sources: German Centre for Cancer\nRegistry Data [28, 29] and Official statistics on causes of death [8]\nNumber of incident cases:\nNumber of deaths:\n5,000\n10,000\n15,000\n20,000\n25,000\n30,000\nNumber of cases\nWomen\nWomen\nMen\nMen\nyear\n19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13\n35,000\n40,000\nIncidence rate:\nMortality rate:\n10\n20\n30\n40\n50\n60\nRate per 100,000 population\nWomen\nWomen\nMen\nMen\nyear\n19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13\n70\n80\nJournal of Health Monitoring 2017 2(3)","In turn, this requires a reliable database for the analysis of trends in the prevalence of COPD and COPD-related disability over time [4, 5, 7].","18,810 women and 34,693 men in Germany were diagnosed with lung cancer (ICD-10: C33-C34) in 2013 (see Figure 5).","Source: [24, 129]\nand for all causes of death between 1998 and\n2015, Germany (old European standard population; ≥0 years of age) by gender\nData source: Official statistics on causes of death [8]\nJournal of Health Monitoring 2017 2(3)\n2012/2013 influenza season) visited a general or paediatric practice due to an acute respiratory infection."],"intents":[null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null,null]}
{"citationid":4479021578,"citingcorpusid":56570146,"citedcorpusid":6134555,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Interview survey data had already indicated a rising prevalence of asthma in the 1990s in Germany especially among children [26, 29, 36-40].","Mortality of asthma Age and gender-specific mortality rates for asthma are based on data from the official statistics on causes of death provided by the Federal Statistical Office (Info box 3 sidered in combination; only the ICD-10 codes for asthma (J45-J46) were excluded (Table 1) [35-37].","In accordance with other data on spirometrically defined COPD, GEDA 2014/2015-EHIS results indicate a higher prevalence of known COPD among adults with a low educational level compared to those with a higher one [7, 9, 35, 36].","In line with these findings, comparable differences in prevalence had previously been reported with regard to different socio-economic criteria [7, 9, 35, 36]."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["result"],["result"]]}
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{"citationid":3303771846,"citingcorpusid":213649887,"citedcorpusid":91154106,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Rugosperma (Stull et al., 2017).","Stenoxylopia Engler & Diels includes X. malayana Hook.f. & Thomson and similar species (Johnson & Murray, 2015; Thomas et al., 2015; Stull et al., 2017).","The accession labeled as X. malayana in the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Stull et al. (2017) is also this species."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2613973766,"citingcorpusid":12882111,"citedcorpusid":25241484,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["HD-ZIPⅢ (ClassⅢHomeodomain-leucine Zipper) 基因是叶腹向发育的关键基因, 它们在叶的腹面表 达, 并在转录后受到miRNA的调控[37~42]。拟南芥中 获得功能型突变体PHABULOSA(PHB), PHAVOLUTA (PHV)和REVOLUTA(REV)的侧生器官都表现腹面化, PHB、PHV和 REV 基因都编码HD-ZIPⅢ蛋白, 它们 最初在SAM和整个叶原基中表达, 随后在叶原基的 腹面区域表达 [37, 38]。这些基因都有一段与 miRNA165/166 互补的序列[41, 42], 它们的显性突变 都破坏了miRNA的结合位点[37, 39, 43, 44]。玉米中的不完 全显性卷叶突变体Rolled leaf1-Original(Rld1-O), 其 叶片表现内卷 ; Rld1-O是REV的同源基因 , 编码 HD-ZIPⅢ蛋白。在突变体中 , 由于 Rld1-O与 miRNA166 的匹配序列中发生了一个单核苷酸突变 (G→A), 导致 miRNA166 不能正常介导 Rld1-O mRNA的切割, 使得rld1 编码的蛋白在叶背面持续 表达, 从而引起叶片向腹面卷曲 [39, 45]。\n除了发现HD-ZIPⅢ家族成员与miRNA结合的靶 位点发生突变, 使miRNA不能调控靶基因, 导致叶的 腹-背轴极性发生变化外, 人们还发现参与miRNA剪 接复合体形成的相关蛋白的变化也会影响叶的极性发\n育。例如, 拟南芥ARGONAUTE1(AGO1)基因突变后,\nmiRNA165 在叶的腹面发生了异位表达, 导致PHB 基因表达的空间特征也发生了变化, 从而使得叶的 轴性发生改变[46]。\n此外有研究表明, 某些基因的突变如果干扰了 miRNA的合成和积累, 也会影响叶的腹背轴发育。 拟南芥SERRATE(SE)基因编码锌指环蛋白, 它通过 调控miRNA166 的合成来影响HD-ZIPⅢ家族的PHB 基因的表达。SE基因突变后能破坏miRNA165/ 166 的生物合成, 从而导致分生组织增大、叶片腹向化 [47], 可见miRNA对HD-ZIPⅢ的调控也有助于协调 SAM的发育和叶原基的分化。\n3.2 KANADI与HD-ZIPⅢ相互抑制并调控 YABBY 的表达\nKANADI(KAN)和YABBY(YAB)基因是叶背向发 育所必需的基因, 它们分别编码GARP和HMG转录 因子, KAN和YAB都属于小的基因家族[48~52]。KAN和 决定腹面属性的HD-ZIPⅢ基因的表达具有相互抑 制的作用[43, 49], 并调控YAB基因的表达[50]。\n目前 , KAN家族已经报道了四个成员 , 其中 KAN1、KAN2和KAN3与叶背面的极性分化有关[43,51], KAN4只影响子叶的发育, kan4突变体的胚珠发育异 常[49, 53]。kan1或kan2突变体植株没有明显的表型变 化[51], 但是kan1kan2 双突变体的花器官明显腹向化, 而且叶片的背面出现一些类似叶片的器官 , kan1kan2kan3 三突变体除叶片远端的末梢正常外, 整个叶片呈辐射状 , 表现为完全腹向化 [50], 表明 KAN1、KAN2 和KAN3作用冗余。kan1kan2kan4三突 变体叶的表型与 kan1kan2 双突变体相似 , 与 kan1kan2kan3三突变体不同, 另外, kan1kan2kan3kan4 四突变体的表型是kan1kan2kan3和kan1kan2kan4两个 三突变体表型的结合, 表明KAN4 与KAN1KAN2 作用 部分重叠, 而KAN3 与KAN4 具有不同的功能, 且作用 不重叠[49]。\n在拟南芥中, YAB家族有六个紧密相关的转录 因 子 , 其 中 的 YAB2、 YAB3 和 FILAMENTOUS FLOWER(FIL)3 个基因参与双子叶的叶背面属性的 建立[48]。但是, 比较单子叶和双子叶植物中YAB基因 的表达模式发现, 单子叶植物中的YAB基因表达不 同于双子叶。玉米中两个YAB基因yabby9(zyb9)和 zyb14 在叶原基的腹面区域表达[54]; 水稻中已经报 道了 4 个 YAB基因 : 下垂叶基因 DROOPING LEAF(DL)、YAB1、YAB3和OsYAB4, 它们都不参与\n叶片的极性发育 [55~58], DL 调控心皮的同一性并通 过促进水稻叶片中央区域的细胞增殖来调控中脉的\n形成, dl突变体的心皮转化成了雄蕊而且叶片的中 脉缺失[55], YAB1的共抑制植株表现颖花发育异常而 且叶片背向卷曲成筒状[56], YAB3参与叶片发育但不 影响极性, YAB3的RNA干涉植株叶片表现扭曲、多 节, 而且叶舌叶耳缺失[57], OsYAB4主要在维管组织 中表达 [58]; 小麦中的TaYAB1 也不参与叶片的极性 发育, 但是它在拟南芥中的异位表达能引起叶片发 生部分背向化[59]。由此看出, YAB基因在双子叶植物 中的表达模式保守, 而在单子叶植物中, YAB基因只 影响侧生器官的生长但不决定细胞的轴性分化。\n3.3 ta-siRNA通过 AGO7的作用调控 ARF3/ARF4 的表达\n生长素活性组分不仅决定叶原基的起始, 而且也 参与了叶片极性的建立。生长素响应因子ARF3 (AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 3, 亦称 ETTIN)和 ARF4 (ARF3 的同源基因)的功能与KAN家族基因的 功能相似, 都在叶的背面表达。拟南芥ARF3的突变 抑制了KAN1 过量表达植株中花瓣的背向化[60]。在 突变体arf3 中, 腹-背轴性的转变仅出现于花器官中, 而在arf3arf4 双突变体的叶和花都发生了背面向腹 面的转化, 双突变体的表型类似于kan突变体。单独 过量表达ARF3 和ARF4 不能恢复kan的表型, 而且 ARF3或ARF4的表达与KAN没有相关性, 表明ARF3 和ARF4仅仅是促进了KAN对PHB的抑制。ARF是生 长素反应中激活或抑制转录的关键蛋白, ARF3 和 ARF4 与KAN蛋白的相互作用可能将生长素动态梯 度和叶片腹背性发育联系了起来[60]。\n在拟南芥中, 除了一些调控叶腹-背发育基因表 达的 miRNA 之外 , 还发现了一类新的小分子 RNA也影响叶发育基因的表达, 称之为反式作用干 扰小分子RNA(trans-acting short-interfering RNA, ta-siRNA)。ta-siRNA跟miRNA一样来自基因组中特 定基因的转录, 但与miRNA不同的是, ta-siRNA 的 前体与普通的mRNA相同 , 不像miRNA 的前体那 样形成“发夹”结构。这种ta-siRNA的转录本不翻 译产生蛋白质, 只能在一些酶的参与下被加工形成 小分子RNA, 加工后的ta-siRNA会像miRNA那样作 用于与之碱基配对的靶基因mRNA[61, 62]。\n目前, 在拟南芥已鉴定出 5 个编码ta-siRNA的 基因: TAS1a、TAS1b、TAS1c、TAS2和TAS3[61~67], 其\n中仅TAS3 产生的 ta-siRNA参与叶的极性发育。由 TAS3 ta-siRNA衍生的ta-siR2141 和ta-siR2142(后称 为tasiR-ARF)调控ARF3和ARF4的表达[62, 67]。Adenot 等[64]研究发现, TAS3 ta-siRNA控制叶的极性发育是 通过AGO7蛋白的作用来实现的, ago7(zip)突变体叶 片表现背向卷曲。水稻中的卷叶基因OsAGO7, 是拟 南芥AGO7 的同源基因, 过量表达OsAGO7 能引起 叶片腹向卷曲[68]。\n玉米LEAFBLADELESS1(LBL1)是 ta-siRNA生物 合成所必需的基因, lbl1 突变体叶片表现为显著背 向化的针状叶 [69], 它在拟南芥中的同源基因 SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENGING(SGS3), 同样 是ta-siRNA生物合成所必需的基因, 但是SGS3 的突 变却没有引起叶片极性的变化[70]。\n最新的研究发现, ta-siRNA也调控miRNA165/166 的表达 , 由此提出了一种新的轴型形成机制 (mechanism of axial patterning), 即HD-ZIPⅢ基因的表 达需经历连续两次小分子RNA的调控: ta-siRNA→ miRNA165/166→HD-ZIPⅢ[69]。\n3.4 AS1/AS2调控 HD-ZIPⅢ和 YABBY\n在叶原基中表达的 AS1/AS2 除了具有抑制 KNOX基因表达的功能 , 它们也正调控HD-ZIPⅢ 基因 , 并抑制YAB基因的表达 , 从而促进叶的腹向 发育 [71]。另外 , RNA-dependent RNA polymerases RdRPs)在真核生物的转录和转录后基因沉默过程中 起着重要的作用, 但其在植物发育过程中的作用却 知之甚少。拟南芥RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase 6 (RDR6) 基因(或称为SDE1 和SGS2)与AS1/AS2 通过 抑制BREVIPEDICELLUS(BP)和miRNA165/166的表 达来共同调控叶的发育[72, 73]。\n3.5 26S蛋白酶体的蛋白降解作用\n近来研究发现, 26S蛋白酶体的蛋白降解功能也 是叶的腹面属性建立所必需的。Huang等[74]在拟南 芥中筛选到一个能加重as1/as2 突变表型的突变体 ae3, ae3 突变体表型略显畸形, 一些出现早的叶片 表现为背面化的细长莲座叶, ae3as1 和ae3as2 两个 双突变体表型相似 , 叶片的腹面属性均部分丧失 , 表现为严重背面化的莲座叶或针状叶, 这种双突变 体和单突变体表型的差异说明这 3 个基因或蛋白之 间存在着相互作用的关系。AE3 编码 26S蛋白酶体 的亚基RPN8a, 进一步研究发现 26S蛋白酶体的其 他部分亚基突变后也可加重as2的表型, 说明 26S蛋\n白酶体的蛋白降解功能影响叶片腹面发育, 因而揭 示了翻译后水平的调控在叶形态建成中具有重要作\n用。\n4 中-边轴(Centro-lateral axis)发育\n中-边轴发育的特征是叶片沿中脉向两侧发育, 中-边轴的非对称性在玉米叶片发育早期就很明显, 即在环状分生组织的一侧形成中脉初始原基, 在另 一侧形成边缘初始原基 [75], 目前对于中-边轴发育 的机理研究还较少。\n玉米窄叶鞘ns(narrow sheath)突变体叶片边缘 部分缺失[76], 但长度没有变化 [75, 77]。ns的表型是一 个重复因子性状(Duplicate factor trait), 它受控于两 个不连锁的位点: ns1 和ns2[78], 只有这两个位点同 时发生突变的纯合株才出现突变表型。NS在侧生器 官原基的边缘区域持续表达 , NS与拟南芥 PRS(Pressed flower)蛋白高度同源[75], PRS编码一个 类WUSCHEL的同源异型盒蛋白[79], prs突变体无叶 托, ns和prs突变引起的表型差异完全符合叶片分区 和组织发生的模型(Leaf zonation and histogenesis model)[75], 该模型将被子植物的叶分为上下两个区 域。在双子叶植物中, 叶的上部区域生长成叶片和 叶柄, 下部区域长成叶基和叶托, 而单子叶植物的 叶下部区域长成叶鞘和叶片, 上部区域生长成极简 化的尖端末梢 [75]。根据这个模型, NS和PRS这两个 基因的作用部位并不矛盾, 都是在叶的下部区域表 达 , 说明它们在单子叶和双子叶植物中的功能 保守。\n5 结 语\n近年来, 叶形态建成的分子机理研究取得了重 大进展, 许多叶发育相关的关键基因、小分子 RNA 和生长素等调控因子被研究揭示出来(表 1), 它们之 间复杂的相互作用也得到了初步分析和阐述。我们\n发现, 调控叶原基及轴性发育因子间的信号转导通 路没有一种是专有的, 比如在 SAM中表达的 KNOX 家族基因也影响叶基-顶轴的发育, 调控腹-背发育 的 HD-ZIPⅢ－KAN通路也受到叶原基中 AS1基因 表达的影响 , 以及生长素信号转导影响叶片发育 的全过程等等 , 这些结果表明各个通路之间存在 着相互而紧密的联系, 它们共同调控叶的发育。\n目前 , 拟南芥中叶发育机理的研究较为深入 , 单子叶植物玉米的叶发育研究也有了一些出色的\n表 1 决定叶的 3 种极性发育的因子\nTable 1 Determinants of the three polarity fate of leaves\n3个不对称轴 Three axes of asymmetry\n蛋白家族、蛋白酶体 或小分子 RNA\nProteins, proteasome or small RNA families\n代表成员 Notable members\nSPL 玉米(Maize): LG1[31]、LG2[33]\n水稻(Rice): OsLG1[32] 基-顶轴命运 Proximo-distal fate\nKNOX 玉米(Maize): LG3[35]\n水稻(Rice): OSH1[16]、OSH6[18]、OSH15[17]、OSH16[15]、 OSH43[14]、OSH71[14]、Oskn2[13]、Oskn3[13]\nHD-ZIPⅢ 拟南芥(Arabidopsis): PHB[38]、PHV[38]、REV[37]\n玉米(Maize): Rld1[39]\nAS2 拟南芥(Arabidopsis): AS2[71] AGO 拟南芥(Arabidopsis): AGO1[46]、AGO7[64]\n水稻(rice): OsAGO7[68]\nta-siRNA 拟南芥(Arabidopsis): tasiR-ARF[62]\n腹向命运 Adaxial fate\n26S Proteasome 拟南芥(Arabidopsis): AE3[74]\nKANADI 拟南芥(Arabidopsis): KAN1[51]、KAN2[50]、KAN3[50]、KAN4[53] ARF 拟南芥(Arabidopsis): ARF3[60]、ARF4[60] YABBY 拟南芥(Arabidopsis): FIL[48]、YAB2[48]、YAB3[48]\n腹-背轴命运 Adaxial-abaxial fate\n背向命运 Abaxial fate\nmiRNA 玉米(Maize)、拟南芥(Arabidopsis): miR165、miR166[37-42]\n中-边轴命运 Centro-lateral fate\nWUSCHEL 玉米(Maize): NS(NS1 & NS2)[75-78] 拟南芥(Arabidopsis): PRS[79]\n进展。根据这些结果, 已经初步明确了叶发育的分 子调控网络 , 而作为主要粮食作物的水稻等植物 的叶发育研究还相当薄弱 , 这在一定程度上阻碍 了通过分子调控叶形来达到理想株型的设想的实\n施。另外, 已发现的叶发育相关调控因子在不同植 物中功能的保守性 , 以及它们之间更清晰的作用 网络仍不十分明了 , 这是摆在我们面前的一个任 务和挑战。随着基因组测序的完成、各种植物丰富\n的叶形遗传材料的积累以及叶发育调控网络的逐\n步明晰 , 将有力地推动众多植物的叶发育机理研 究, 相信随着研究的不断深入, 复杂的叶发育调控 网络将逐渐被理清。\n参考文献(References):\n[1] QU Li-Jia, DENG Xing-Wang.","第一个机制是KNOX(KNOTTED1-like homeobox) 家族的基因对SAM的维持, 这个过程牵涉到KNOX 与 含 MYB 结 合 域 的 ARP 蛋 白 [ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1(AS1), ROUGH SHEATH2 (RS2), PHANTASTICA(PHAN)]的相互抑制 [6~11]。在单子 叶和双子叶植物中, KNOX基因都参与了SAM的维 持。拟南芥中在SAM中表达的KNOX基因有 4 个: KNAT1、KNAT2、KNAT6和STM[12]。水稻中已报道 的KNOX基因有 10个: Oskn2、Oskn3、OSH1(Oryza sativa Homeobox1)、OSH3、OSH6、OSH10、OSH15、 OSH16、OSH43和OSH71[13~18]。如果这些基因持续 表达, SAM的特征将会一直保持下去, 但是在随后 的叶原基发育和叶片发育过程中 , KNOX基因在 SAM中一直处于沉默状态, 因为它们受到了ARP蛋 白以及它们的辅助因子蛋白, 即LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES(LOB)一类的AS2蛋白的抑制。\n另一个机制是, PIN-FORMED1(PIN1)和PINOID (PID)控制叶边界的形成 , 但它们并不是SAM形成 和维持所必需的基因。利用吲哚类生长素处理叶原\n基局部的顶端分生组织时, 生长素的运输受到PIN1 和PID的调节 , 从而引起叶的分界 (Leaf delimitation)[19~23]。拟南芥pin1 突变体的子叶常融合在一起 或表现其它变形、部分叶片宽大、叶序紊乱而且花\n序呈针状排列, 它的表型是由生长素极性运输过程 中的外运载体PIN1失活所造成的[20]。在pin1花原基 的分生组织侧面点施IAA, 该处能够长出一个新的 花原基 ; 在分生组织中心点施IAA, 花原基会以此 为中心形成一个环状分界[21, 22]。 PID在子叶原基的 边界表达, 它的转录受外源生长素诱导影响。pid突 变体子叶表型与pin1 相似, 但与pin1 不同的是, pid 子叶融合的情形较少, 突变体大多表现子叶数目增 加或减少, 从而破坏子叶的对称发育。pin1pid双突 变体子叶完全消失, 但SAM的功能正常, 能够形成 叶原基, 然而这些叶原基却表现叶序异常, 而且多 彼此融合[23]。这两个基因的功能研究表明, PIN1和 PID作用冗余 , 它们不仅控制叶的边界形成 , 而且 调控子叶的生长发育。\n最近的研究发现, 生长素和ARP/KNOX蛋白在 叶发育中的作用途径是相互联系的。在器官特化早\n期, PIN1 和KNOX基因在SAM中表达的区域几乎互 为补充[19]。此外, 生长素信号或PIN1 活性受KNOX 基因家族的BP(BREVIPEDICELLUS)基因表达的负 调控 , 说明KNOX基因的表达调节生长素的极性运\n输 [24, 25]; 亦有研究表明 , 生长素的积累会抑制 KNOX基因 , 如 SHOOT MERISTEMLESS(STM)基 因 [26], 因而推测, KNOX蛋白和生长素通过相互作 用建立了一个反馈环, 两者之间的平衡关系影响了 叶分生组织的分界。近来研究发现, STM基因的表达 直接受到 PcG(Polycomb group)家族蛋白CURLY LEAF(CLF)和SWINGER(SWN)的抑制, 而这两个蛋 白具有组蛋白转甲基酶活性 , 说明KNOX的表达调 控也存在表观遗传因素[27]。\n2 基-顶轴(Proximo-distal axis)发育\n在双子叶植物烟草和拟南芥中, 营养叶包括远 端的叶片和靠近基部的叶柄。在单子叶植物玉米和\n水稻中, 叶包括远端的叶片和靠近基部的叶鞘。玉 米、水稻的叶片与叶鞘的分界是叶环, 以对应于该 位置生长的叶舌及其两边的叶耳为显著标志。\n玉米中已发现了不少叶舌不发育或发育不正\n常的突变体 , liguleless1(lg1)突变体在苗期叶舌发 育与野生型没有显著差异 , 成熟叶片的叶舌显著 变短甚至完全消失[29], 它的表型是细胞自发的[30]。 LG1 编码一个SPL(SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like)蛋白 , 主要在刚发育叶的叶舌区表 达[31]。水稻中的同源基因OsLG1 与LG1 具有相似 的功能[32]。\n玉米 liguleless2(lg2)突变体一般没有叶舌和叶 耳, 或叶环发育不正常、叶舌和叶耳异位发育。LG2 编码一个碱性亮氨酸拉链蛋白 , 它的表达时间比 LG1早, 可能决定幼叶原基的叶环的正确起始[33]。 lg2 的表型是非细胞自发的, 对lg1lg2 双突变体的 分析表明 , 两者可能在同一个代谢途径中发挥 功能[34]。\n尽管KNOX基因在SAM中表达, 在叶原基中不 表达 , 但它们能影响叶片基-顶轴的发育 [35]。玉米 liguleless3-O(lg3-O)是一个半显性突变体 , 其叶片 的中脉区域异化成了叶鞘。LG3 是KNOX基因家族 成员之一 , 在早期叶发育过程中发生异位表达而 使叶片发育成叶鞘 [35]。水稻中KNOX的同源基因有 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{"citationid":4100025164,"citingcorpusid":258235544,"citedcorpusid":null,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":[", & Banks- Leite, C. (2013). Fragmentation impairs the microclimate buffering effect of tropical forests. PLoS One, 8, e58093. https://doi.org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0058093 Fadrique, B., Báez, S., Duque, Á., Malizia, A., Blundo, C., Carilla, J., OsinagaAcosta, O., Malizia, L., Silman, M., Farfán- Ríos, W., Malhi, Y., Young, K. R., Cuesta C., F., Homeier, J., Peralvo, M., Pinto, E., Jadan, O., Aguirre, N., Aguirre, Z., & Feeley, K. J. (2018). Widespread but heterogeneous responses of Andean forests to climate change. Nature, 564, 207– 212. https://doi.org/10.1038/s4158 6- 018- 07159 Foden, W. B., Butchart, S. H. M., Stuart, S. N., Vié, J.- C., Akçakaya, H. R., Angulo, A., DeVantier, L. M., Gutsche, A., Turak, E., Cao, L., Donner, S. D., Katariya, V., Bernard, R., Holland, R. A., Hughes, A. F., O'Hanlon, S. E., Garnett, S. T., Şekercioğlu, Ç. H., & Mace, G. M. (2013). Identifying the world's most climate change vulnerable species: A systematic trait- based assessment of all birds, amphibians and corals. PLoS One, 8, e65427. https://doi.org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0065427 Forero- Medina, G., Terborgh, J., Socolar, S. J., & Pimm, S. L. (2011). Elevational ranges of birds on a tropical montane gradient lag behind warming temperatures. PLoS One, 6, e28535. https://doi. org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0028535 Freeman, B. G., & Beehler, B. M. (2018). Limited support for the “abundant centre” hypothesis in birds along a tropical elevational gradient: Implications for the fate of lowland tropical species in a warmer future. Journal of Biogeography, 45, 1884– 1895. https://doi. org/10.1111/jbi.13370 Freeman, B. G., & Class- Freeman, A. M. (2014). Rapid upslope shifts in New Guinean birds illustrate strong distributional responses of tropical montane species to global warming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 4490– 4494. https://doi. org/10.1073/pnas.13181 90111 Freeman, B. G., Scholer, M. N., Ruiz- Gutiérrez, V., & Fitzpatrick, J. W. (2018). Climate change causes upslope shifts and mountaintop extirpations in a tropical bird community.",", & Banks- Leite, C. (2013). Fragmentation impairs the microclimate buffering effect of tropical forests. PLoS One, 8, e58093. https://doi.org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0058093 Fadrique, B., Báez, S., Duque, Á., Malizia, A., Blundo, C., Carilla, J., OsinagaAcosta, O., Malizia, L., Silman, M., Farfán- Ríos, W., Malhi, Y., Young, K. R., Cuesta C., F., Homeier, J., Peralvo, M., Pinto, E., Jadan, O., Aguirre, N., Aguirre, Z., & Feeley, K. J. (2018). Widespread but heterogeneous responses of Andean forests to climate change. Nature, 564, 207– 212. https://doi.org/10.1038/s4158 6- 018- 07159 Foden, W. B., Butchart, S. H. M., Stuart, S. N., Vié, J.- C., Akçakaya, H. R., Angulo, A., DeVantier, L. M., Gutsche, A., Turak, E., Cao, L., Donner, S. D., Katariya, V., Bernard, R., Holland, R. A., Hughes, A. F., O'Hanlon, S. E., Garnett, S. T., Şekercioğlu, Ç. H., & Mace, G. M. (2013). Identifying the world's most climate change vulnerable species: A systematic trait- based assessment of all birds, amphibians and corals. PLoS One, 8, e65427. https://doi.org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0065427 Forero- Medina, G., Terborgh, J., Socolar, S. J., & Pimm, S. L. (2011). Elevational ranges of birds on a tropical montane gradient lag behind warming temperatures. PLoS One, 6, e28535. https://doi. org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0028535 Freeman, B. G., & Beehler, B. M. (2018). Limited support for the “abundant centre” hypothesis in birds along a tropical elevational gradient: Implications for the fate of lowland tropical species in a warmer future. Journal of Biogeography, 45, 1884– 1895. https://doi. org/10.1111/jbi.13370 Freeman, B. G., & Class- Freeman, A. M. (2014). Rapid upslope shifts in New Guinean birds illustrate strong distributional responses of tropical montane species to global warming.",", & Banks- Leite, C. (2013). Fragmentation impairs the microclimate buffering effect of tropical forests.","Naturally, the reduction in fragment size would lower the chances of finding microclimatic refugia because the buffering effect drops near forest edges (Ewers & Banks- Leite, 2013), potentially increasing the vulnerability of understory birds (Patten & Smith- Patten, 2012; Pollock et al., 2015).","Under a less extreme scenario, microclimatic buffering provided by even a fragmented forest has the potential to shield birds from increased warming, though less than in intact forest (Ewers & Banks- Leite, 2013).",", & Banks- Leite, C. (2013). Fragmentation impairs the microclimate buffering effect of tropical forests. PLoS One, 8, e58093. https://doi.org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0058093 Fadrique, B., Báez, S., Duque, Á., Malizia, A., Blundo, C., Carilla, J., OsinagaAcosta, O., Malizia, L., Silman, M., Farfán- Ríos, W., Malhi, Y., Young, K. R., Cuesta C., F., Homeier, J., Peralvo, M., Pinto, E., Jadan, O., Aguirre, N., Aguirre, Z., & Feeley, K. J. (2018). Widespread but heterogeneous responses of Andean forests to climate change. Nature, 564, 207– 212. https://doi.org/10.1038/s4158 6- 018- 07159 Foden, W. B., Butchart, S. H. M., Stuart, S. N., Vié, J.- C., Akçakaya, H. R., Angulo, A., DeVantier, L. M., Gutsche, A., Turak, E., Cao, L., Donner, S. D., Katariya, V., Bernard, R., Holland, R. A., Hughes, A. F., O'Hanlon, S. E., Garnett, S. T., Şekercioğlu, Ç. H., & Mace, G. M. (2013). Identifying the world's most climate change vulnerable species: A systematic trait- based assessment of all birds, amphibians and corals.",", & Banks- Leite, C. (2013). Fragmentation impairs the microclimate buffering effect of tropical forests. PLoS One, 8, e58093. https://doi.org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0058093 Fadrique, B., Báez, S., Duque, Á., Malizia, A., Blundo, C., Carilla, J., OsinagaAcosta, O., Malizia, L., Silman, M., Farfán- Ríos, W., Malhi, Y., Young, K. R., Cuesta C., F., Homeier, J., Peralvo, M., Pinto, E., Jadan, O., Aguirre, N., Aguirre, Z., & Feeley, K. J. (2018). Widespread but heterogeneous responses of Andean forests to climate change.",", & Banks- Leite, C. (2013). Fragmentation impairs the microclimate buffering effect of tropical forests. PLoS One, 8, e58093. https://doi.org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0058093 Fadrique, B., Báez, S., Duque, Á., Malizia, A., Blundo, C., Carilla, J., OsinagaAcosta, O., Malizia, L., Silman, M., Farfán- Ríos, W., Malhi, Y., Young, K. R., Cuesta C., F., Homeier, J., Peralvo, M., Pinto, E., Jadan, O., Aguirre, N., Aguirre, Z., & Feeley, K. J. (2018). Widespread but heterogeneous responses of Andean forests to climate change. Nature, 564, 207– 212. https://doi.org/10.1038/s4158 6- 018- 07159 Foden, W. B., Butchart, S. H. M., Stuart, S. N., Vié, J.- C., Akçakaya, H. R., Angulo, A., DeVantier, L. M., Gutsche, A., Turak, E., Cao, L., Donner, S. D., Katariya, V., Bernard, R., Holland, R. A., Hughes, A. F., O'Hanlon, S. E., Garnett, S. T., Şekercioğlu, Ç. H., & Mace, G. M. (2013). Identifying the world's most climate change vulnerable species: A systematic trait- based assessment of all birds, amphibians and corals. PLoS One, 8, e65427. https://doi.org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0065427 Forero- Medina, G., Terborgh, J., Socolar, S. J., & Pimm, S. L. (2011). Elevational ranges of birds on a tropical montane gradient lag behind warming temperatures. PLoS One, 6, e28535. https://doi. org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0028535 Freeman, B. G., & Beehler, B. M. (2018). Limited support for the “abundant centre” hypothesis in birds along a tropical elevational gradient: Implications for the fate of lowland tropical species in a warmer future. Journal of Biogeography, 45, 1884– 1895. https://doi. org/10.1111/jbi.13370 Freeman, B. G., & Class- Freeman, A. M. (2014). Rapid upslope shifts in New Guinean birds illustrate strong distributional responses of tropical montane species to global warming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 4490– 4494. https://doi. org/10.1073/pnas.13181 90111 Freeman, B. G., Scholer, M. N., Ruiz- Gutiérrez, V., & Fitzpatrick, J. W. (2018). Climate change causes upslope shifts and mountaintop extirpations in a tropical bird community. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115, 11982– 11987. https://doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.18042 24115 Freeman, B. G., Song, Y., Feeley, K. J., & Zhu, K. (2021). Montane species track rising temperatures better in the tropics than in the temperate zone. Ecology Letters, 24, 1697– 1708. https://doi.org/10.1111/ ele.13762 Freeman, M. T., Czenze, Z. J., Schoeman, K., & McKechnie, A. E. (2020). Extreme hyperthermia tolerance in the world's most abundant wild bird.",", & Banks- Leite, C. (2013). Fragmentation impairs the microclimate buffering effect of tropical forests. PLoS One, 8, e58093. https://doi.org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0058093 Fadrique, B., Báez, S., Duque, Á., Malizia, A., Blundo, C., Carilla, J., OsinagaAcosta, O., Malizia, L., Silman, M., Farfán- Ríos, W., Malhi, Y., Young, K. R., Cuesta C., F., Homeier, J., Peralvo, M., Pinto, E., Jadan, O., Aguirre, N., Aguirre, Z., & Feeley, K. J. (2018). Widespread but heterogeneous responses of Andean forests to climate change. Nature, 564, 207– 212. https://doi.org/10.1038/s4158 6- 018- 07159 Foden, W. B., Butchart, S. H. M., Stuart, S. N., Vié, J.- C., Akçakaya, H. R., Angulo, A., DeVantier, L. M., Gutsche, A., Turak, E., Cao, L., Donner, S. D., Katariya, V., Bernard, R., Holland, R. A., Hughes, A. F., O'Hanlon, S. E., Garnett, S. T., Şekercioğlu, Ç. H., & Mace, G. M. (2013). Identifying the world's most climate change vulnerable species: A systematic trait- based assessment of all birds, amphibians and corals. PLoS One, 8, e65427. https://doi.org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0065427 Forero- Medina, G., Terborgh, J., Socolar, S. J., & Pimm, S. L. (2011). Elevational ranges of birds on a tropical montane gradient lag behind warming temperatures. PLoS One, 6, e28535. https://doi. org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0028535 Freeman, B. G., & Beehler, B. M. (2018). Limited support for the “abundant centre” hypothesis in birds along a tropical elevational gradient: Implications for the fate of lowland tropical species in a warmer future. Journal of Biogeography, 45, 1884– 1895. https://doi. org/10.1111/jbi.13370 Freeman, B. G., & Class- Freeman, A. M. (2014). Rapid upslope shifts in New Guinean birds illustrate strong distributional responses of tropical montane species to global warming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 4490– 4494. https://doi. org/10.1073/pnas.13181 90111 Freeman, B. G., Scholer, M. N., Ruiz- Gutiérrez, V., & Fitzpatrick, J. W. (2018). Climate change causes upslope shifts and mountaintop extirpations in a tropical bird community. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115, 11982– 11987. https://doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.18042 24115 Freeman, B. G., Song, Y., Feeley, K. J., & Zhu, K. (2021). Montane species track rising temperatures better in the tropics than in the temperate zone. Ecology Letters, 24, 1697– 1708. https://doi.org/10.1111/ ele.13762 Freeman, M. T., Czenze, Z. J., Schoeman, K., & McKechnie, A. E. (2020). Extreme hyperthermia tolerance in the world's most abundant wild bird. Scientific Reports, 10, 13098. https://doi.org/10.1038/s4159 8- 020- 69997 7 Freeman, M. T., Czenze, Z. J., Schoeman, K., & McKechnie, A. E. (2022). Adaptive variation in the upper limits of avian body temperature.",", & Banks- Leite, C. (2013). Fragmentation impairs the microclimate buffering effect of tropical forests. PLoS One, 8, e58093. https://doi.org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0058093 Fadrique, B., Báez, S., Duque, Á., Malizia, A., Blundo, C., Carilla, J., OsinagaAcosta, O., Malizia, L., Silman, M., Farfán- Ríos, W., Malhi, Y., Young, K. R., Cuesta C., F., Homeier, J., Peralvo, M., Pinto, E., Jadan, O., Aguirre, N., Aguirre, Z., & Feeley, K. J. (2018). Widespread but heterogeneous responses of Andean forests to climate change. Nature, 564, 207– 212. https://doi.org/10.1038/s4158 6- 018- 07159 Foden, W. B., Butchart, S. H. M., Stuart, S. N., Vié, J.- C., Akçakaya, H. R., Angulo, A., DeVantier, L. M., Gutsche, A., Turak, E., Cao, L., Donner, S. D., Katariya, V., Bernard, R., Holland, R. A., Hughes, A. F., O'Hanlon, S. E., Garnett, S. T., Şekercioğlu, Ç. H., & Mace, G. M. (2013). Identifying the world's most climate change vulnerable species: A systematic trait- based assessment of all birds, amphibians and corals. PLoS One, 8, e65427. https://doi.org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0065427 Forero- Medina, G., Terborgh, J., Socolar, S. J., & Pimm, S. L. (2011). Elevational ranges of birds on a tropical montane gradient lag behind warming temperatures.",", & Banks- Leite, C. (2013). Fragmentation impairs the microclimate buffering effect of tropical forests. PLoS One, 8, e58093. https://doi.org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0058093 Fadrique, B., Báez, S., Duque, Á., Malizia, A., Blundo, C., Carilla, J., OsinagaAcosta, O., Malizia, L., Silman, M., Farfán- Ríos, W., Malhi, Y., Young, K. R., Cuesta C., F., Homeier, J., Peralvo, M., Pinto, E., Jadan, O., Aguirre, N., Aguirre, Z., & Feeley, K. J. (2018). Widespread but heterogeneous responses of Andean forests to climate change. Nature, 564, 207– 212. https://doi.org/10.1038/s4158 6- 018- 07159 Foden, W. B., Butchart, S. H. M., Stuart, S. N., Vié, J.- C., Akçakaya, H. R., Angulo, A., DeVantier, L. M., Gutsche, A., Turak, E., Cao, L., Donner, S. D., Katariya, V., Bernard, R., Holland, R. A., Hughes, A. F., O'Hanlon, S. E., Garnett, S. T., Şekercioğlu, Ç. H., & Mace, G. M. (2013). Identifying the world's most climate change vulnerable species: A systematic trait- based assessment of all birds, amphibians and corals. PLoS One, 8, e65427. https://doi.org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0065427 Forero- Medina, G., Terborgh, J., Socolar, S. J., & Pimm, S. L. (2011). Elevational ranges of birds on a tropical montane gradient lag behind warming temperatures. PLoS One, 6, e28535. https://doi. org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0028535 Freeman, B. G., & Beehler, B. M. (2018). Limited support for the “abundant centre” hypothesis in birds along a tropical elevational gradient: Implications for the fate of lowland tropical species in a warmer future.",", & Banks- Leite, C. (2013). Fragmentation impairs the microclimate buffering effect of tropical forests. PLoS One, 8, e58093. https://doi.org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0058093 Fadrique, B., Báez, S., Duque, Á., Malizia, A., Blundo, C., Carilla, J., OsinagaAcosta, O., Malizia, L., Silman, M., Farfán- Ríos, W., Malhi, Y., Young, K. R., Cuesta C., F., Homeier, J., Peralvo, M., Pinto, E., Jadan, O., Aguirre, N., Aguirre, Z., & Feeley, K. J. (2018). Widespread but heterogeneous responses of Andean forests to climate change. Nature, 564, 207– 212. https://doi.org/10.1038/s4158 6- 018- 07159 Foden, W. B., Butchart, S. H. M., Stuart, S. N., Vié, J.- C., Akçakaya, H. R., Angulo, A., DeVantier, L. M., Gutsche, A., Turak, E., Cao, L., Donner, S. D., Katariya, V., Bernard, R., Holland, R. A., Hughes, A. F., O'Hanlon, S. E., Garnett, S. T., Şekercioğlu, Ç. H., & Mace, G. M. (2013). Identifying the world's most climate change vulnerable species: A systematic trait- based assessment of all birds, amphibians and corals. PLoS One, 8, e65427. https://doi.org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0065427 Forero- Medina, G., Terborgh, J., Socolar, S. J., & Pimm, S. L. (2011). Elevational ranges of birds on a tropical montane gradient lag behind warming temperatures. PLoS One, 6, e28535. https://doi. org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0028535 Freeman, B. G., & Beehler, B. M. (2018). Limited support for the “abundant centre” hypothesis in birds along a tropical elevational gradient: Implications for the fate of lowland tropical species in a warmer future. Journal of Biogeography, 45, 1884– 1895. https://doi. org/10.1111/jbi.13370 Freeman, B. G., & Class- Freeman, A. M. (2014). Rapid upslope shifts in New Guinean birds illustrate strong distributional responses of tropical montane species to global warming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 4490– 4494. https://doi. org/10.1073/pnas.13181 90111 Freeman, B. G., Scholer, M. N., Ruiz- Gutiérrez, V., & Fitzpatrick, J. W. (2018). Climate change causes upslope shifts and mountaintop extirpations in a tropical bird community. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115, 11982– 11987. https://doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.18042 24115 Freeman, B. G., Song, Y., Feeley, K. J., & Zhu, K. (2021). Montane species track rising temperatures better in the tropics than in the temperate zone."],"intents":[null,null,["background"],["background"],["background"],null,null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":117879441,"citingcorpusid":4704088,"citedcorpusid":45225137,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["To investigate the within-host diversity of L. pneumophila, we first assessed the diversity of STs (as determined by SBT) amongst each set of ten isolates recovered from ten individual patients with sporadic Legionnaires' disease.","SBT and WGS were undertaken, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified between isolates from the same patient.","Here, we used sequence-based typing (SBT) [3,4] together with whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate the diversity amongst multiple colony picks recovered from individuals.","Here, we investigated diversity within individual patients using sequence-based typing (SBT) and wholegenome sequencing (WGS).","De novo assemblies were generated [6], and MLSTcheck was used to confirm the sequence type (ST) from them [7]din particular ensuring that at least one of the mompS alleles matched that called by traditional SBT (since this gene is duplicated).","Conclusions: SBT and WGS analyses of multiple colony picks obtained from ten patients showed no, or very low, within-host genomic diversity in L. pneumophila, suggesting that analysis of one colony pick per patient will often be sufficient to obtain reliable typing data to aid investigation of cases of Legionnaires' disease.","Others have reported the opposite, including Coscolla et al. [15] who reported mixed infections in several patients based on SBT profiles from uncultured respiratory samples.","SBT was undertaken as described previously [3,4].","lable at ScienceDirect\nContents lists avai\nClinical Microbiology and Infection\njournal homepage: www.cl in icalmicrobiologyandinfect ion.com\nResearch note\nLow genomic diversity of Legionella pneumophila within clinical specimens\nS. David 1, *, M. Mentasti 2, J. Parkhill 3, V.J. Chalker 2\n1) Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom 2) Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, Colindale, NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom 3) Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom\na r t i c l e i n f o\nArticle history: Received 5 January 2018 Received in revised form 22 February 2018 Accepted 3 March 2018 Available online 13 March 2018\nEditor: G. Lina\nKeywords: Genomic diversity Legionella pneumophila Legionellosis Legionnaires' disease SBT WGS\n* Corresponding author."],"intents":[null,null,["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":1021037143,"citingcorpusid":87490420,"citedcorpusid":30177012,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…強く，個人差は比較的小さかった．また，期待されたよ\nうに，Human S9（pooled）によって誘発された変異原 性の強さは，各ヒト肝によって誘発された変異原性の強\nさのほぼ平均的な値を示した．このように化合物によっ\nて変異原性に大きなヒト個人差があることが確認できた\nので（Czygan et al., 1973; Bartsch et al., 1979; Dybing et al., 1979; Sabadie et al, 1980; Boobis et al., 1982; Neis et al., 1986; Smith and Chipman,…","…S9の方がヒト肝 S9より強かった発癌物質が 4化合 物（BP, PhIP, AF-B1, 6-AC），逆にヒトの方が強かった ものが 4化合物（AAF, 2AA, DEN, DMN），同等なもの が 1化合物（IQ）であった．その差は最大約 100倍であ った．ヒト肝S9と酵素誘導ラット肝S9で変異原性の強 さが違う理由は，この S9の量的及び質的な差の積，す なわち，それぞれの S9を構成する薬物代謝酵素，特に P450各分子種の構成量や構成比の違いに起因すると考 えられる．ヒト肝S9と酵素誘導ラット肝S9で変異原性…","2（a）から 2（c）に示した．IQ とBPの変異原性は，ヒトの中で最も薬物代謝酵素活性 の高かった一つである lot HLS - 014（以後，Human S9 （HLS-014）と表記）のS9と酵素誘導ラット肝S9でほぼ 同じ強さであったが，その他のヒト肝 S9については酵 素誘導ラット肝 S9より弱く，しかも大きな個人差が認 められた．一方，DMNの変異原性は，酵素誘導ラット 肝S9よりHuman S9（HLS-014）を含めてヒト肝の方が 強く，個人差は比較的小さかった．また，期待されたよ\nうに，Human S9（pooled）によって誘発された変異原 性の強さは，各ヒト肝によって誘発された変異原性の強\nさのほぼ平均的な値を示した．このように化合物によっ\nて変異原性に大きなヒト個人差があることが確認できた\nので（Czygan et al., 1973; Bartsch et al., 1979; Dybing et al., 1979; Sabadie et al, 1980; Boobis et al., 1982; Neis et al., 1986; Smith and Chipman, 1988），ヒトS9による変異 原性を評価するためには，human S9（pooled）と共に Human S9（HLS-014）のような酵素活性の高い肝を併 用することが有用と考えた．もちろん，何種類ものヒト\nS9を用いて評価するのが理想的であるが，手間と費用 を考えると，酵素活性の高い肝や種々の変異原物質に高\n感度を示す肝が予めわかっている場合には，その肝を使\nう方が実際的であると思われる．ヒト肝をプールして調\n製した S9を用いて，変異原物質に平均的感受性を示す ヒトに対して変異原性の評価を，更に薬物代謝酵素活性\nの高いヒト肝 S9を用いて，変異原物質に感受性の高い ヒトに対して変異原性の評価を併せ行うことにより，変\n異原物質に対する感受性の個人差の有無やその程度を推\n測できる可能性があると考える．\n5．58化合物のヒト肝S9を用いた Ames試験\n次に，変異原物質に対する感受性の個人差を含めて多\nくの化学物質のヒトに対する変異原性を探索的に調べる\n目的で，Human S9（HLS-014）と Human S9（pooled）， 並びに比較としてPB/BFで酵素誘導したラット肝S9を 同じ蛋白量（1 mg protein/plate）を用いて，58種類の 変異原物質についてAmes試験を行った（日本環境変異 原学会・微生物変異原性試験研究会（BMS研究会）会 員による第 1回ヒト S9を用いるAmes試験の共同研究, Hakura et al., 2001）．Table 3に変異原性の結果の一部を， Table 4に用いた S9の total P450量と薬物代謝酵素活性 （P450各分子種特異的酵素活性）をまとめた．これら 3 種類の S9による変異原性の強さを比較すると，いずれ かの S9で陽性になった化合物のうち，75％（＝36/48） の化合物は，酵素誘導ラット肝の方がヒト肝よりも強か\nったが（多くの芳香族炭化水素やヘテロサイクリックア\nミンが該当），25％（＝12/48）の化合物は逆にヒト肝の 方が強い場合があった（一部の芳香族アミンやニトロソ\nアミンが該当）．また，薬物代謝酵素を誘導したラット\nとヒトで変異原性に大きな差がある化合物も数多く見出\nされ，CYP 1A1/2を代謝活性化に必要とするような変異 原物質（Distlerath and Guengerich, 1987; 加藤及び鎌滝， 1995）に多く認められた．更に，Human S9（HLS-014） とHuman S9（pooled）を用いて，変異原性の強さに大 きな個人差が認められた化合物もあったが，これらも\nCYP 1A1/2を代謝活性化に必要とするような変異原物質 に多く観察された．また，Human S9（pooled）を用い た場合には，変異原性が疑陽性（equivocal）あるいは 陰性を示した化合物が数多く存在した．\n6．ヒト肝S9によって誘発される変異原性の S9濃度依存性\nAmes試験でよく用いられている酵素誘導ラット肝の S9濃度は，S9 mixの 10％濃度（0.5 mLの S9 mix中に 0.05 mLの S9 fraction）が通常使われているが，酵素反 応速度は酵素濃度に依存しているので，代謝活性化を必\n要とする変異原物質の変異原性の強さも酵素濃度に依存\nする．そこで，変異原性の S9濃度依存性についてラッ ト肝とヒト肝との差を調べる目的で，項目 3で使用した 代表的発癌物質のうち，9種類（BP，AAF，2AA，IQ， PhIP，DEN，DMN，AF-B1，6-AC）を用いてS9 mix中 の S9濃度を 1，3，10，30％と変えてAmes試験を行っ た．調べた肝S9は，PB/BFで酵素誘導したラット肝S9，\n通常（非誘導）のラット肝 S9，Human S9（HLS-014） 及び Human S9（pooled）であった．Fig."],"intents":[null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":1678200171,"citingcorpusid":71786730,"citedcorpusid":12542515,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Plusieurs publications récentes ont arallèlement contribué à remettre en question ces gestes : une partie des accidents recensés par le Sou médicalMACSF ont suscité une publication française dans European Radiology [1] dont l’un des auteurs avait également publié une mise au point dans laquelle il s’interrogeait ouvertement sur la possibilité de continuer à proposer — et/ou de pratiquer — des infiltrations intrarachidiennes [2] ; on sait par ailleurs depuis plusieurs années que certains corticoïdes retards (dont l’hexatrione), autrefois utilisés pour des nucléorthèses, ont été abandonnés pour ces indications après la description de l’apparition secondaire de calcifications intracanalaires invalidantes [3] ; enfin, deux publications de 2009 du prestigieux New England Journal of Medicine [4,5] ne sont pas sans intérêt médicolégal : il s’agit de deux essais randomisés concordants concluant à l’absence d’efficacité supérieure au placebo de la vertébroplastie pour la prise en charge p t m 2","[5] Kallmes D, Comstock B, Heagerty P, et al.","13] Rapport de l’US Institute of Medicine de novembre 1999 est paru sous la forme d’un ouvrage coordonné par Linda T. Kohn, Janet M. Corrigan, et Molla S. Donaldson intitulé ‘‘To Err is Human ; building a safer Health System’’, aux éditions National Academy Press (Washington DC, USA), 1ère édition 2000, 287 pages.","Plusieurs publications récentes ont arallèlement contribué à remettre en question ces gestes : une partie des accidents recensés par le Sou médicalMACSF ont suscité une publication française dans European Radiology [1] dont l’un des auteurs avait également publié une mise au point dans laquelle il s’interrogeait ouvertement sur la possibilité de continuer à proposer — et/ou de pratiquer — des infiltrations intrarachidiennes [2] ; on sait par ailleurs depuis plusieurs années que certains corticoïdes retards (dont l’hexatrione), autrefois utilisés pour des nucléorthèses, ont été abandonnés pour ces indications après la description de l’apparition secondaire de calcifications intracanalaires invalidantes [3] ; enfin, deux publications de 2009 du prestigieux New\nEngland Journal of Medicine [4,5] ne sont pas sans intérêt médicolégal : il s’agit de deux essais randomisés concordants concluant à l’absence d’efficacité supérieure au placebo de la vertébroplastie pour la prise en charge\np t m 2\nasson SAS."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],null,null]}
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{"citationid":1625930011,"citingcorpusid":174803936,"citedcorpusid":218653807,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["In Figure 6, we show how the GDPR Data Gathering Service accesses the Twitter data model (Neppelenbroek et al., 2011) at the User element, which is its root node."],"intents":[["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3322742658,"citingcorpusid":233640498,"citedcorpusid":19574749,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["In such a situation important issues such as positioning and coordination between these units are aroused [10].","Basic model 3: If the total expected value of surviving assets after the current stage is employed as the objective of WTA for the current stage, then the formulation of the objective function for basic Dynamic WTA in stage t is well be as follows [10]:","the target priority, the number of simultaneous engagement and so on) [10].","This positioning must maximize asset protection while minimizing the possible damage to them [10]."],"intents":[["background"],["methodology"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3580163168,"citingcorpusid":58075968,"citedcorpusid":28203177,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Therefore, evolution in radiation\ntherapy techniques can also contribute to better clinical out-\ncomes in the management of small HCC.\nWahl et al.25 conducted a retrospective comparison study\nbetween RFA (n=161) and SBRT (n=63) for inoperable and\nnon-metastatic HCC from 2004 to 2012.","Although both treatment modalities are complementary to each other according to tumor location and accessibility, SBRT can also play a role as an ablative treatment option in the management of HCC.(25) Fig.","Furthermore, on-going prospective studies are examining the role of SBRT as a single ablative modality or a combination treatment in patients with HCC.","Although both treatment modalities are complementary to each other according to tumor location and accessibil-\nity, SBRT can also play a role as an ablative treatment option in the management of HCC.25 Fig.","In another phase I/II study from\nNorth America, the authors reported 2-year local control and\noverall survival rates of 90% and 67%, respectively, and a\nmedian time-to-progression of 47.8 months in 60 patients\nwith liver-confined HCC (median tumor diameter, 3.2 cm) at the time of SBRT.13\nSimilarly, recent prospective trials conducted in Asian\ncountries have also reported excellent clinical outcomes with SBRT for HCC. Kang et al.14 conducted a phase II trial of\nSBRT as a local salvage treatment after incomplete transarte-\nrial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with HCC.","All these results are likely to provide more reliable\nanswers on the use of SBRT in the management of HCC.\nConClUsions\nBased on results of early phase trials and retrospective se-\nries, SBRT is a safe and effective treatment modality for pa-\ntients with HCC. SBRT can be a good alternative treatment\nfor patients with small HCCs that are unsuitable for hepatic\nresection or local ablative therapy.","Wahl et al.(25) conducted a retrospective comparison study between RFA (n=161) and SBRT (n=63) for inoperable and non-metastatic HCC from 2004 to 2012.","Here, we summarize previous studies and recent updates and discuss the future perspectives of SBRT for HCC. (J Liver Cancer 2018;18:94-102)\nKeywords: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Radiation\nof Liver Disease suggested SBRT as one of alternative treat-\nments to thermal ablation for the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A patients.5 Here, we summarize previous stud-\nies and recent updates and discuss the future perspectives of\nSBRT for HCC.\nDefinition of sbrt\nSBRT (also known as stereotactic ablative body radiation\ntherapy [SABR]) is an external beam radiation therapy meth-\nod used to deliver a high dose of radiation very precisely to an extracranial tumor, using a small number of fractions.6\nThe ability to deliver a few fractions of high-dose radiation\nwith high targeting accuracy and rapid dose fall-off gradients\noutside the target region provides the basis for the development of SBRT.7\nHowever, HCC presents challenges in imaging at simula-\ntion and at beam delivery because of the lack of inherent\nintroDUCtion\nWith remarkable recent technological advances in radia-\ntion therapy, including four-dimensional computed tomog-\nraphy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, image-guided\nradiation therapy (IGRT), and respiratory-gated delivery,\nstereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been regard-\ned as an alternative treatment option for small hepatocellular\ncarcinomas (HCCs) that are not suitable for hepatic resection and radiofrequency ablation (RFA).1-4 Recently, 2018\npractice guidance by the American Association for the Study\n95\n정진홍 외 1인. SBRT for HCC\nhttp://www.livercancer.or.kr\ncontrast between the tumor and surrounding liver and respiratory motion.8 Because a normal liver itself as well as many\ncritical normal organs surrounding the liver are radiosensi-\ntive, a comprehensive image guidance and motion manage-\nment strategy are necessary to ensure safe and effective positioning for treatment.9 Therefore, SBRT practice, especially\nfor HCC, requires a high level of confidence in terms of ac-\ncuracy of the entire treatment procedure, and this confidence\nis achieved through the integration of modern imaging, sim-\nulation, treatment planning, and delivery technologies in all phases of the radiation therapy process.10 On the contrary,\nSBRT is not recommended if the extent of the tumor is un-\ncertain or if large volumes of normal tissues need to be in-\ncluded within the radiation field to ensure sufficient coverage of microscopic tumor infiltration.3\nresUlts of prospeCtive stUDies\nSeveral prospective studies on the use of SBRT in patients\nwith HCC have been reported.","They\nincluded single or multiple lesions, even with vascular inva-\nsion, and a maximum tumor diameter of <10 cm for salvage\nSBRT; they reported a 2-year local control rate of 94.6% in patients with incomplete TACE for inoperable HCC.14 Takeda et al.15 also conducted a phase II study of SBRT for early\nstage or small HCC with curative intent.","Tse et al.11 conducted a phase I study of SBRT for unre-\nsectable HCC (n=31) or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma\n(n=10) not suitable for standard therapies, and they reported\na 1-year in-field local control rate of 65% and a median sur-\nvival of 11.7 months for HCC."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,null,null,["background"],null,null,null]}
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However, a novel feature of my design is that it keeps the level of investment that is perceived as fair constant across treatments, which allows a clean identification of the effect of taxation on how much citizens care about the leader investing a fair share. Another novelty of the study design is that it tests the importance of tax revenues being earned (Hard Earned mechanism) to demand for accountability, and how the feature interacts with the Possession mechanism. Thus, the present study is the first to cleanly test the effect of both features of taxation on demand for accountability. Second, in line with Paler (2013), de la Cuesta et al. (2017) do not find any effects of a tax framing on participation in a large scale survey experiment.","First, Martin (2016) and de la Cuesta et al. (2018) find that when group revenue is collected through taxation in the lab, citizens have a higher willingness to punish leaders. The authors argue that a tax causes a higher willingness to punish through loss aversion, and a feeling of ownership, respectively. Paler (2013) shows that a treatment simulating tax increases self-reported willingness to monitor the government, and that this effect is explained by citizens having a stronger feeling of ownership over public funds, in a lab-in-thefield experiment.","First, Martin (2016) and de la Cuesta et al. (2018) find that when group revenue is collected through taxation in the lab, citizens have a higher willingness to punish leaders. The authors argue that a tax causes a higher willingness to punish through loss aversion, and a feeling of ownership, respectively. Paler (2013) shows that a treatment simulating tax increases self-reported willingness to monitor the government, and that this effect is explained by citizens having a stronger feeling of ownership over public funds, in a lab-in-thefield experiment. However, she finds no effect of the tax treatment on actual political participation. These three papers use manipulations that resemble the ones used to test the Possession mechanism in the present study. However, a novel feature of my design is that it keeps the level of investment that is perceived as fair constant across treatments, which allows a clean identification of the effect of taxation on how much citizens care about the leader investing a fair share. Another novelty of the study design is that it tests the importance of tax revenues being earned (Hard Earned mechanism) to demand for accountability, and how the feature interacts with the Possession mechanism. Thus, the present study is the first to cleanly test the effect of both features of taxation on demand for accountability. Second, in line with Paler (2013), de la Cuesta et al.","First, Martin (2016) and de la Cuesta et al. (2018) find that when group revenue is collected through taxation in the lab, citizens have a higher willingness to punish leaders. The authors argue that a tax causes a higher willingness to punish through loss aversion, and a feeling of ownership, respectively. Paler (2013) shows that a treatment simulating tax increases self-reported willingness to monitor the government, and that this effect is explained by citizens having a stronger feeling of ownership over public funds, in a lab-in-thefield experiment. However, she finds no effect of the tax treatment on actual political participation. These three papers use manipulations that resemble the ones used to test the Possession mechanism in the present study. However, a novel feature of my design is that it keeps the level of investment that is perceived as fair constant across treatments, which allows a clean identification of the effect of taxation on how much citizens care about the leader investing a fair share. Another novelty of the study design is that it tests the importance of tax revenues being earned (Hard Earned mechanism) to demand for accountability, and how the feature interacts with the Possession mechanism. Thus, the present study is the first to cleanly test the effect of both features of taxation on demand for accountability. Second, in line with Paler (2013), de la Cuesta et al. (2017) do not find any effects of a tax framing on participation in a large scale survey experiment.3 Third, Weigel (2017) finds that enforcement of property tax increases political participation in a field experiment in D.","First, Martin (2016) and de la Cuesta et al. (2018) find that when group revenue is collected through taxation in the lab, citizens have a higher willingness to punish leaders."],"intents":[null,["background"],null,null,["background"]]}
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mainly including the COO classification in the pathology report i.e. germinal center B-cell type (GCBDLBCL) versus activated B-cell type (ABC-DLBCL), and the identification of the double expression of MYC and BCL2 assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a poor prognostic indicator.","Most relapses occur within the first two years, however, about 10% of all progressions occur >5 years after treatment [39].","Three of these have previously been undescribed, a low-risk ABC-DLBCL group (C1); poor risk GCB-DLBCLs with BCL2 SVs and alterations of PTEN and epigenetic enzymes (C3), a newly defined group of goodrisk GCB-DLBCLs with distinct alterations in BCR/PI3K, JAK/STAT, and BRAF pathway components and multiple histones (C4).","MYD88 mutation is found in approximately one-third of ABC-DLBCL, initiating a constitutive NF-kB activation through another pathway, other than that of the BCR signaling cascade.","While some studies presented UC as having a similar outcome to ABC-DLBCL [29, 53], a recent study demonstrated that a concomitant NOTCH2 mutations and BCL6 translocations is common in this subtype and is associated with a favorable outcome [54].","These stromal signatures are independent of COO, as they can be seen in both GCB and ABC subtypes [39].","Interestingly, a preferential activity has been reported in relapsed/refractory ABC-DLBCL as compared to GCB-DLBCL with a 52% vs 9% response rate [209].","62\nAbbreviations\naa-IPI Age-adjusted International Prognostic Index ABC Activated B-cell AID Activation-induced cytidine deaminase APC Antigen presenting cell AS Alternative splicing ASCT Autologous stem cell transplantation BCLU B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between DLBCL and BL BCL2 B-cell lymphoma 2 protein BCL6 B-cell lymphoma 6 protein BL Burkitt lymphoma CAR Chimeric antigen receptor CARD11 Caspase Recruitment Domain Family Member 11 CHL Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma CHOP Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone CNB Core-needle biopsy COO Cell-of-origin CR Complete remission CT Computer tomography CTLA-4 Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 DEL Double expressor lymphoma DHL Double-hit lymphoma DLBCL Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid EBV Epstein-Barr virus ESMO European Society for Medical Oncology EZH2 Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration FFPE Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues FISH Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization FNA Fine needle aspiration GCB Germinal centre B-cell GEP Gene expression profile HGBL High-grade B-cell lymphoma HCV Hepatitis C virus\nIDO Indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase IHC Immunohistochemistry IPI International prognostic index IRF4 Regulatory factor 4 protein LMO-2 LIM domain only-2 LSS Lymphoma-specific survival MAG Myelin Associated Glycoprotein MSKCC Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center MYD88 Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 NGS Next-generation sequencing NHL Non-Hodgkin lymphoma OS Overall survival PAX5 Paired Box protein 5 PCNSL Primary DLBCL of the CNS PD-1 Programmed Death receptor 1 PD-L Programmed Death Ligand PET Positron Emission Tomography PFS Progression-free survival PMBCL Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma PRDM1 PR domain containing 1 PTEN The phosphatase and tensin homolog gene R-CHOP Rituximab-Cyclophosphamide combined with doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone RNA Ribonucleic acid SEB Surgical excisional biopsy SHM Somatic hypermutation SSP1 Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 TAM Tumor associated macrophages TCR T-cell receptor THL Triple-hit lymphomas UC Unclassifiable WHO World Health Organization XBP1 X-box binding protein 1\n13\nIntroduction\nMalignant lymphomas affect about 2,000 people in Sweden every year.","However, based on the frequent activation of PI3K/ACT/MTOR pathway in GCB-DLBCL, this drug could be used in the treatment of that subtype [39, 202].","Studier av genuttrycksprofiler (Gene expression profile, GEP) vid DLBCL har identiferat två olika profiler baserat på tumörcellernas ursprung; 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It is tempting to suggest research work and drug trials should be performed only on classical migraine patients, but this would greatly reduce the number of available subjects and there is no doubt that common migraine patients often need equally energetic management. Purists would then require drugs which have been found to be valuable in classical patients to be tried separately in common migraine patients, so a definition of the latter is inescapable. With the exception of cluster headache, there is a dearth of drug studies attempting to relate improvement in headache with any associated symptom or clinical classification. One of the earliest and most satisfactory attempts at a strict definition of migraine was that ofVahlquist (1955). In a study of children he defined migraine as \"paroxysmal headache separated by headache-free intervals and accompanied by two of the following four features; nausea, focal cerebral symptoms, unilaterality and a positive family history\". 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{"citationid":4487595309,"citingcorpusid":105200367,"citedcorpusid":4719204,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["affinis: ácido metoxicinâmico(81), (E)-3-(4hidroxifenil)-2-propenal(79), (E)-3-(4-hidroxifenil)-2-propenal-44(80), ácido hidroxibenzoico-III(84), diidroxicumarina(87), cumaroil-hexosideo-II(88), cumaroil-186(89) e caempferol-133(97).","3 – Ácidos hidroxibenzoico(7,11,84) e ácido hidroxibenzoico–hexosídeo(9)","Pico Composto tR (min) m/z Exp [M-H]Erro (ppm) FM [M-H]CE (eV) Ion Fragmento (%) 76 ácido quínico 0,42 191,0555 3,2 C7H11O6 20 191,0563 (100,0); 127,0400 (7,3); 173,0457 (3,8); 171,0295 (2,7); 111,0444 (2,3) 77 hexose-hexose 0,45 341,1077 3,8 C12H21O11 20 179,0564 (100,0); 341,1084 (94,9); 191,0564 (47,8); 161,0453 (42,4); 113,0241 (40,5, 3 ácido protocatecuíco-hexosídeo (I) 0,49 315,0727 -1,8 C13H15O9 30 152,0116 (100,0); 108,0214 (80,1); 153,0184 (34,1); 109,0287 (33,6); 315,0723 (5,8) 78 ácido vanílico-160 1,23 327,1089 -1,0 C15H19O8 30 167,0352 (100,0); 108,0213 (96,2); 152,0115 (79,8); 123,0450 (74,1); 150,0555 (41,4) 79 (E)-3-(4-hidroxifenil)-2-propenal 1,34 147,0448 0,4 C9H7O2 20 147,0433 (100,0); 108,0206 (41,7); 146,0359 (39,6); 129,0323 (39,3); 119,0485 (37,1) 80 (E)-3-(4-hidroxifenil)-2-propenal-44 1,34 191,0347 0,3 C10H7O4 10 147,0434 (100,0); 119,0487 (23,3); 191,0324 (20,9); 193,0484 (19,3); 129,0330 (17,3); 149,0588 (15,3); 105,0331 (11,6); 148,0480 (9,9) 81 Ácido metoxicinâmico o,m ou p 1,61 177,0556 0,1 C10H9O3 10 177,0535 (100,0); 133,0641 (70,8); 178,0567 (8,9); 134,0683 (7,0); 131,0481 (4,2) 82 ácido cafeico (II)-(ácido dihidroxicinâmico) 1,73 179,0353 -1,6 C9H7O4 20 135,0451 (100,0); 134,0371 (12,1); 136,0484 (8,5); 133,0295 (6,3); 179,0358 (3,6); 105,0341 (3,2); 107,0499 (1,3) 83 ácido clorogênico 1,86 353,0865 3,7 C16H17O9 40 191,0569 (100,0); 135,0460 (7,3); 192,0605 (7,2); 127,0404 (3,6); 173,0458 (3,4) 84 ácido hidroxibenzoico (III) 2,09 137,0239 0,5 C7H5O3 30 136,0148 (100,0); 108,0200 (87,8); 137,0222 (39,1); 93,0334 (25,6); 109,0266 (12,3) 13 cumaroil-hexosídeo 2,71 325,0922 2,1 C15H17O8 20 163,0405 (100,0); 119,0501 (28,8); 164,0436 (8,5); 120,0535 (2,8); 165,0459 (1,0) 85 (Epi)afzalequina (2-->7,4-->8)(Epi)galocatequina 3,13 575,1189 1,0 C30H23O12 20 303,0508 (100,0); 439,0663 (54,2); 285,0396 (29,3); 575,1193 (25,8); 245,0085 (16,9); 440,0691 (14,5) 86 ácido quínico-cumaroil 3,26 337,0921 2,5 C16H17O8 30 191,0566 (100,0); 163,0403 (18,5); 173,0461 (12,0); 119,0503 (11,5); 192,0599 (6,5) 87 Diidroxicumarina 3,5 177,0191 0,3 C9H5O4 30 133,0278 (100,0); 177,0176 (64,5); 149,0231 (54,7); 105,0330 (45,2); 121,0285 (35,5) 88 cumaroil-hexosídeo (II) 3,98 325,0923 0,6 C15H17O8 20 119,0487 (100,0); 163,0379 (7,8); 120,051 (5,4); 327,0480 (4,1); 325,0886 (3,2) 89 cumaroil-186 4,17 349,1862 0,6 C16H29O8 20 163,0380 (100,0); 185,0195 (29,1); 119,0486 (23,7); 347,1135 (21,9); 164,0422 (8,0) 25 catequina 4,26 289,0717 0,3 C15H13O6 30 123,0454 (100,0); 109,0294 (75,4); 151,0402 (48,3); 125,0247 (45,7); 203,0718 (44,1); 221,0826 (39,5) 90 catequina-deoxihexosídeo 6,01 435,224 -0,9 C20H35O10 20 125,0245 (100,0); 289,0719 (74,3); 435,2239 (68,4); 151,0399 (64,7); 389,2181 (62,1) 34 caempferol-hexose-deoxihexose 6,68 593,1503 1,5 C27H29O15 30 285,0406 (100,0); 447,0919 (48,1); 446,0854 (41,3); 593,1514 (29,4); 431,0997 (13,5) 51 miricetina-pentose (II) 6,93 449,0725 0,1 C20H17O12 40 316,0223 (100,0); 271,0243 (27,2); 317,0272 (22,7); 287,0193 (15,4); 270,0166 (8,3); 178,9982 (5,0) 31 catequina-galato 7,05 441,0817 2,4 C22H17O10 30 169,0142 (100,0); 289,0717 (44,0); 125,0244 (27,5); 245,0817 (15,2); 170,0179 (7,7) 54 miricitrina 7,27 463,0877 1,0 C21H19O12 50 271,0249 (100,0); 316,0228 (84,9); 287,0199 (64,6); 270,0171 (22,2); 259,0249 (21,1) 91 miricetina-215 7,27 531,0747 -4,7 C31H15O9 50 316,0224 (100,0); 317,0278 (27,9); 271,0242 (15,9); 287,0199 (7,9); 270,0170 (4,8) 32 (Epi)catequina- (Epi)catequina (II) 8 577,1342 1,7 C30H25O12 20 289,0721 (100,0); 425,0886 (87,9); 577,1368 (61,4); 125,0246 (46,2); 407,0781 (39,9) 92 NCGC00384841 8,1 539,2138 -0,8 C26H35O12 30 491,1924 (100,0); 165,0556 (32,1); 492,1962 (24,9); 195,0656 (21,0); 343,1390 (20,6) 93 ácido azeláico (ácido nonanodióico) 8,17 187,098 -2,1 C9H15O4 20 125,0969 (100,0); 187,0978 (16,1); 169,0872 (10,7); 123,0816 (10,2); 126,1003 (8,5) 94 Vitexina 8,31 431,0982 0,3 C21H19O10 30 311,0564 (100,0); 341,0669 (47,3); 312,0605 (20,7); 164,0116 (16,1); 283,0611 (12,3); 271,0612 (11,1); 269,0455(4,8); 353,0669(4,0)."],"intents":[null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":1825209278,"citingcorpusid":79819583,"citedcorpusid":39501772,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Midwif., Vol. 31, No. 1, 2017 83\nⅣ．考 察\n１．排尿に関する症状について\n産後4～9か月で尿失禁を有する女性では，症状の 頻度を週に1回より少ないと回答し，軽微な症状を自 覚する女性が多かった。しかし，有症率は 34.6%に 上っていた。これは，産後6か月で自覚的な尿失禁の 有症率を 26%とした Farrellらの報告（Farrell, Allen, Baskett, 2001, pp350）と同様に高率であった。有症者 の実に8割以上が妊娠や出産を原因として症状の出現\nや悪化を経験していた。本調査では出産後から現在ま での症状の経過については不明であるが，およそ産後 半年が経過してもなお，約3人に1人が妊娠や出産を 契機とした症状を自覚していることが明らかとなっ\nた。尿失禁の中でも有症者が多いのは尿道閉鎖力の不 足を示す腹圧性尿失禁であった。この点は先行研究と 一致していた（二宮・岡山，2009）。妊娠末期には5kg を超える妊娠子宮が骨盤底支持組織へ負荷をもたら\nす。この妊娠中の変化そのものが腹圧性尿失禁の原因 となると考えられる（Rortveit, Daltveit, Hannestad, et al., 2003）。さらに分娩による骨盤内の支持組織の損 傷や肛門挙筋裂孔の開大と骨盤底臓器の下垂および，\n膀胱頸部や近位尿道の支持組織の脆弱化に伴う過可動 性尿道が腹圧性尿失禁を誘発すると考えられる（嘉村 ・本田・山口，2005）。\nなお，尿失禁の発症に年齢（Hijaz, Sadeghi, Byrne, et al., 2012）やBMI（Glazener, Herbison, MacArthur, et al., 2006；Wilson, Herbison, Herbison, et al., 1996），分 娩様式（経膣分娩 vs 帝王切開）（Casey, Schaffer, Bloom, et al., 2005；Glazener, Herbison, MacArthur, et al., 2006；MacArthur, Glazener, Wilson, et al., 2006； Rortveit, Daltveit, Hannestad, et al., 2003； Wilson, Herbison, Herbison, et al., 1996）が関連すること，お よび症状が経産婦に多い傾向にあること（MacArthur,\nGlazener, Wilson, et al., 2006；Wilson, Herbison, Herbison, et al., 1996）は先行研究と一致していた。\n一方，過活動膀胱に関し，本邦における疫学研究で\n有症者は 810万人と推定され（本間・柿崎・後藤他， 2003，pp272），着目されている。しかし，若い女性， とりわけ産後の女性における有症率の報告は多くはな い。海外においては20，30代の若年人口や産後1年の 女性において有症率が 11.3～12%（Van Brummen, Bruinse, Van de Pol, et al., 2006, pp297-298；van der Vaart, de Leeuw, Roovers, et al., 2002, pp545-546）とす\nる報告があり，本研究もおおむね同程度の有症率で あった。妊娠分娩と過活動膀胱との関連は十分明らか\nにされていない。しかし，非神経因性の過活動膀胱に ついては骨盤底の脆弱化が誘因となる（日本排尿機能\n学会，過活動膀胱診療ガイドライン作成委員会， 2015）。骨盤底弛緩により骨盤臓器脱を起こしたケー\nスでは過活動膀胱の有症率が有意に高いことも報告さ れている（Tegerstedt, Maehle-Schmidt, Nyren, et al., 2005）。妊娠や分娩は骨盤底の構造的支持を低下させ るものであり，骨盤底弛緩を引き起こすため，妊娠や\n分娩を契機に発症および症状の増悪を自覚する女性が 多かったものと推察する。\n２．尿失禁および過活動膀胱とQOLとの関連性につ\nいて 尿失禁，過活動膀胱の両者は共通して「日常役割機\n能（身体）」「日常役割機能（精神）」の低下と関連してい た。有症者では，普段の活動が身体的，心理的理由に\nより思うほど集中してできない場面が多いことが示さ れた。育児期にある女性は子どもの抱き上げや荷物を\n抱えながら小走りをする等，日常的に腹圧を伴う労作 をとる場面が多い。さらに，突然強い尿意を覚えても\n乳児を連れながら速やかに排泄行動をとることは往々 にして難しい。日常生活の中で尿失禁や過活動膀胱の\n表4 尿失禁の頻度によるQOLの比較 腹圧性尿失禁\np value＊ 切迫性尿失禁\np value週に1回より少ない （n=102） 週1回以上 （n=39） 週に1回より少ない （n=9） 週1回以上 （n=4）\nサマリースコア（国民標準値に基づいたNBS得点） 身体的健康度 55.5±7.1 53.7±10.5 0.527 53.4±7.8 56.0±8.4 0.825 精神的健康度 53.5±7.1 51.4±7.6 0.072 53.5±6.1 58.5±2.4 0.076 役割／社会的健康度 43.1±10.5 42.7±10.9 0.766 43.0±9.0 35.5±3.9 0.199\nSF-12ver.2スタンダード版における国民標準値に基づいた得点（NBS得点）のサマリースコア（means±SD）を示し，腹圧性尿 失禁，切迫性尿失禁の有症者において症状の頻度別にスコアを比較した。 ＊ Mann-Whitney検定にて分析した\n日本助産学会誌 31巻1号（2017）84\n症状が気がかりとなる場面が多く，症状に気を配り， 憂慮しながら行動しなければならないことが「役割／\n社会的健康度」を低下させた可能性があると推察する。 また，特に過活動膀胱の有症者では「社会生活機能」\nのスコアも有意に低下していた。これは一般人口を対 象とした調査でも指摘されているが（福井・永田， 2004），有症者では人との付き合いを持つことが時間 的に妨げられやすい実態があったといえる。結果とし\nて，過活動膀胱の有症者では「役割／社会的健康度」 の低下が一層著しく，有症率は低く症状は軽症である\nが，障害はより高度であることが明らかになった。\nまた，尿失禁の有症者では非有症者に比較して精神\n的健康度が低下していることが確認された。有症者は 尿失禁の症状により憂鬱な気分を覚え，落ち込みを感\nじたり，エネルギーの低下を経験していると考えられ る。本研究と同様のQOL質問紙を用いて産後同時期の\n女性を対象とした海外の調査においても，有症者の 「精神的健康度」のスコアは非有症者に比較して低値で\nあることが報告されている（Handa, Zyczynski, Burgio, et al., 2007；Leroy Lda & Lopes, 2012）。また，尿失禁\nを有する場合，抑うつが疑われる女性の割合が有意に 高かったことも指摘されている（Brown & Lumley, 2000）。本邦において産後の女性を対象として尿失禁 と精神的健康の関連について検討した文献は少ないが，\n邦人を対象とした場合もこれらの先行研究と同様の結 果であり，軽度の尿失禁であっても，活力（エネル\nギー）の低下や憂鬱な気分などの抑うつ的感情をもた らし，心理面への影響を来していると考えられた。\n近年女性の社会進出や高齢化に伴い，高齢女性にお ける尿失禁が日常生活へ及ぼす影響が多数報告されて おり，尿失禁や過活動膀胱がQOLを障害している事 実が明らにされている。今回，産後平均7か月の女性\nにおいても症状そのものは軽微だが，様々な側面にお いてQOLの低下と関連していることが明らかになっ\nた。若い年齢層では尿失禁の症状を容認しがたく，症 状による影響を受けやすい（Hunskaar & Vinsnes, 1991）。さらにこの時期の女性は身体活動が高く，子 どもの成長に伴い活動の場や他者との付き合いを拡大\nしていく時期にあるため，日常生活への影響を受けや すいのではないかと推察する。そのため，周産期医療\nに携わる助産師は産後の女性が産褥期間を過ぎてもな お，妊娠や出産を契機とした下部尿路症状，特に尿失\n禁を自覚していることが少なくないということを認識 することが必要である。本研究において，研究対象者\nが骨盤底の回復に向けてどのような支援を受け，どの ような取り組みを実践しているのかについては不明で\nあるが，産後に骨盤底の回復支援や教育的支援を行う ことが必要であると考える。特に骨盤底筋訓練は産後\nの尿失禁への予防的効果が認められた理学療法である （日本排尿機能学会，女性下部尿路症状診療ガイドラ\nイン作成委員会，2013）。Boらは骨盤底筋を6–8秒間 強い強度で保持する収縮を1日8–12回，これを1日3 回実施し，さらに週1回の専門家によるトレーニング プログラムを6カ月間実施することで尿失禁が改善し たことを報告している（Bo, Hagen, Kvarstein, et al., 1990；Bo, Talseth, Holme, 1999）。さらに，同様のプ ログラムを妊娠中に12週間実施することで，産後の 尿失禁予防に有効であることも報告されている （Morkved, Bo, Schei, et al., 2003）。したがって，妊娠\n中もしくは産後から専門家が骨盤底筋訓練を正しく行\nえるように継続して関わり，既述の実施量での骨盤底 筋訓練を 3か月程度継続できるように支援すること で，育児に取り組む母親のQOLを向上できる可能性 があると考える。\nなお，本研究においては尿失禁の類型間（腹圧性， 切迫性，混合性）や過活動膀胱の類型間（OAB-wet， OAB-dry）でQOLスコアに差は認められなかった。中 高年女性における調査では，切迫性尿失禁は腹圧性尿 失禁よりもより高度にQOLを障害することが指摘さ れているが（Schimpf, Patel, O’Sullivan, et al., 2009），\n本研究では明らかではなかった。この先行研究との見 解の違いは，対象人口が異なることの他に，QOLに 関する包括的尺度（SF-12）が尿失禁の類型や症状の違 いを把握するために十分な感度を持たなかったことが\n要因として考えられる。今後，疾患に特有の症状や影 響を測定することを目的とした尺度（疾患特異的尺\n度）を用いた検討も行う必要がある。また，腹圧性尿 失禁，切迫性尿失禁の重症度が高い方がQOLの障害\nは高度であると推測していたが，症状の頻度別の分析 でQOLスコアに有意差は認められなかった。これは\n軽症例が多く重症度にばらつきが少なかったことや， 切迫性尿失禁では有症者自体が少なかったためである\nと推察する。\nⅤ．結 論\n産後 4～9か月の女性において尿失禁の頻度は 34.6%，過活動膀胱の頻度は8.","…2006； Rortveit, Daltveit, Hannestad, et al., 2003； Wilson, Herbison, Herbison, et al., 1996）が関連すること，お 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{"citationid":2092315815,"citingcorpusid":154093776,"citedcorpusid":17593603,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Regardless of the reasons, the shift to the “issuer pays” business model (or at least “mainly pays”) opened the door to potential conflicts of interest, an abundantly studied moral hazard dilemma (e.g. Sy, 2009; Covitz and Harrison, 2003; Altman et al., 2010; Cantor and Parker, 1994; Hull and White, 2009).","Despite being supposedly resilient, stable and determined in a “through the cycle” perspective, empirical studies previously mentioned show different evidences about ratings [e.g.\nHull and White (2009)].","…of the reasons, the shift to the “issuer pays” business model (or at least “mainly pays”) opened the door to potential conflicts of interest, an abundantly studied moral hazard dilemma (e.g. Sy, 2009; Covitz and Harrison, 2003; Altman et al., 2010; Cantor and Parker, 1994; Hull and White, 2009).","In an empirical study applying several variations of typical CRAs’ methodologies, Hull and White (2009) find evidence that the AAArated senior tranches of Asset Backed Securities (ABS) “were not totally unreasonable”.3 In other words, following the assumptions CRAs adopted anyone could get to the…"],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"]]}
{"citationid":1696931614,"citingcorpusid":168493283,"citedcorpusid":154418792,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Thus the local government and PBOC had to pay off all around the world, and the cost was estimated from RMB 3 to 8 billion (Kennedy 2008).","This should result in rating inflation reduction and information asymmetry mitigation in the Chinese bond market, which have long been questioned by media and academics alike (Lee, 2006; Kennedy, 2008; Liu et al., 2016; Jiang and Packer, 2017).","But in China, the reputation of issuer-pay CRAs is criticized (Kennedy 2008; Lee 2006). In specific, Bottelier (2003) finds that most listed corporate bonds in China have AAA ratings.","But in China, the reputation of issuer-pay CRAs is criticized (Kennedy 2008; Lee 2006). In specific, Bottelier (2003) finds that most listed corporate bonds in China have AAA ratings. According to the qualitative research of Xu and Han (2013), the credit rating industry in China is thought to be immature, the reputation of China’s CRAs is low, rating results lack fairness, and that severe competition dominates the market. But other people stand by that since their beginnings, China’s CRAs have earned money from issues rather than the investors, while their American counterparts collected revenue from investors for about 70 years before they changed to an issuer-pays model, during which period they built their reputation. Thus China’s CRAs need a long time to be perfect (Poon & Chan 2008). Zhang and Zhang (2010) and Zhang (2013) all build models to prove the effect of the reputation mechanism under certain contexts in China, and offered policy suggestions such as decreasing the competition on the basis of their findings.","But in China, the reputation of issuer-pay CRAs is criticized (Kennedy 2008; Lee 2006). In specific, Bottelier (2003) finds that most listed corporate bonds in China have AAA ratings. According to the qualitative research of Xu and Han (2013), the credit rating industry in China is thought to be immature, the reputation of China’s CRAs is low, rating results lack fairness, and that severe competition dominates the market.","Along with the significant development of the Chinese bond market, given the above, there is a negative perception of the bond rating quality where the majority of Chinese bonds are rated within the range of AAA and AA category (Kennedy, 2008; Lee, 2006).","But in China, the reputation of issuer-pay CRAs is criticized (Kennedy 2008; Lee 2006).","PBoC set the coupon rate according to the prevailing 1-year bank deposit rate, usually 40% over the deposit rate (Kennedy 2008)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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DTS-1 410 kHz side-scan sonar image of mound 11 showing possible small mud extrusion at summit A. The interpretation of towed video profiles of  Mau et al. [2006] , showing the occurrences of bacterial mats (red circles) and carbonates (green outlines), is superimposed.","Attempts to quantify methane emissions from measurements of methane concentration in the water column [Mau et al., 2006] show strong variability between different vent sites but suggest that methane emissions at erosive continental margins are less vigorous than methane emissions at accretionary or…","that have been described previously [Mo¨rz et al., 2005; Linke et al., 2005; Schmidt et al., 2005;  Mau et al., 2006 ].","Video observation [Linke et al., 2005;  Mau et al., 2006 ] suggests that these correspond to carbonate precipitates at the seafloor (Figure 8). 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{"citationid":2049896073,"citingcorpusid":199138509,"citedcorpusid":145716203,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…decade or so has variously defined, justified, critiqued, and propounded the value of a socially engaged tertiary education curriculum (including Allsup and Shieh 2012; Baxter 2007; Benedict et al. 2015; Camlin 2018; Elliott, Silverman, and Bowman 2016; Frierson-Campbell 2007; Gould et al.…","Music ‘requires our moral engagement’, claim Allsup and Shieh (2012, 51)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":178922923,"citingcorpusid":5109026,"citedcorpusid":13657826,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["This study also found that the mandibular incisors were significantly retracted with both bone and dentoalveolar orthopedic treatment, while the other studies of bone-anchored therapy that were included found a slight proclination of the mandibular incisors.(2,34,37) Surprisingly, it was reported that bone-anchored orthopedic treatment had a slight compensatory effect on the inferior incisors, although the effect was in the opposite direction to what was expected, with proclination of the lower incisors, which might be defined as decompensation in a Class III malocclusion (Table 4).","Similarly, significant changes in inferior anterior and total facial height, ranging between 20.5 mm10 and +4.9 mm were found in most studies on dentoalveolar-anchored therapy10,26; the situation was similar for bone-anchored orthopedic therapy, with ranges of between 2 and 3 mm (Table 2).34,36 However, studies that compared the two groups in parallel36 also found statistically significant differences (P , .001) between the two types of therapy, with increased measurements for dentoalveolar-anchored therapy.36\nDISCUSSION\nBecause of the high degree of maxillary retrusion in skeletal Class III malocclusion, several studies dealt with maxillary protraction using a facemask combined with a functional appliance (Bionator III),13 with a bite-\nStudy Groups (Appliance)\nMaxillary Changes\nSNA Angle (u) Vertical Changes (u)\nCozza et al., 201030 I: FM + BB II: Control\nI: 2.1; II: 20.6 SN-PP\nI: 21.9; II: 20.1 FH-PP I: 21.2; II: 0.7\nMandall et al., 201031 I: RME + FM II: Control\nI: 1.4; I: 0.3 SN-PP\nI: 20.5; II: 20.3\nAtalay and Tortop, 201032 Modified TTBA\nIA: Early treatment IB: Later treatment II: Control\nIA: 0.7; IB: 1.5; II: 0.5 SN-PP\nIA: 20.7; IB: 20.8; II: 20.1\nIsci et al., 201033 FM + RME I: Activation/deactivation RME\nII: Control\nI: 3.10; II: 1.87 SN-PP\nI: 21.23; II: 20.70\nDe Clerck et al., 20102 I: BAMP\nII: Control\n– NL-SBL\nI: 22.4; II: 0.2\nCevidanes et al., 201034 I: BAMP\nII: RME + FM – NL-SBL I: 20.4; II: 0.9\nBaccetti et al., 201135 I: BAMP\nII: Control\n– –\nSar et al., 201136 IA: FM + MP IB: FM + RME II: Control\nIA: 2.53; IB: 1.83; II: 0.26 HR-PP\nIA: 0.91; IB: 1.63; II: 20.20\nJamilian et al., 201137 I: MS + RIA II: FM + RIA\nI: 1.8; II: 1.5 SN-PP\nI: 21.3; II: 20.6\na FM indicates facemask; RME, tapid maxillary expansion; FxA, fixed appliances; B-3, Bionator III; MPBA, maxillary protraction bow appliance; DPA, double-plate appliance; exp, expansion; no exp, no expansion; MPA, maxillary protraction appliance; CC, chin cup; RIA, removable intraoral appliance; OMA, occipitomental anchorage; BB, bite-block appliance; TTBA, tandem traction bow appliance; BAMP, bone-anchored maxillary protraction; MP, miniplates; MS, miniscrew; SN-PP, sella nasion-palatal plane; FH-PP, Frankfort plane-palatal plane; PP-GoGn, palatal plane-gonion gnathion; NL-SBL, nasal line-stable basicranial line; HR-PP, horizontal reference-palatal plane.","In some studies, orthopedic treatment was initiated with bone anchoring, using an extraoral appliance for maxillary protraction.41,42 Later, a new orthopedic protocol appeared using bone anchoring and intermaxillary elastics applied from four miniplates in each patient to maintain a constant pull force.43 Cevidanes et al.34 compared the bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) and rapid maxillary expansion and facemask protocols, reporting that the BAMP protocol produced greater maxillary\nadvancement and fewer vertical changes.","Quality assesment of the included articles\nStudy\nRepresentative\nSample of 20/Group\nMethod\nError\nAnalysis\nAdequate Statistics Provided Blinded Assessment Stated Previous Power Calculation Reporting Dropouts Total Risk of Biasa Quality\nYüksel et al., 200110 0 1 1 0 0 1 3 Moderate Medium Keles et al., 20021 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 Moderate Medium Cha, 200311 1 0 1 0 0 1 3 Moderate Medium Westwood et al., 200312 0.5 1 1 0 0 1 3.5 Moderate Medium Cozza et al., 200413 1 1 1 0 0 1 4 Low High Baccetti et al., 200414 0.5 1 0.5 0 1 1 4 Low High Kajiyama et al., 200415 1 0.5 1 0 0 1 3.5 Moderate Medium Franchi et al., 200416 0 1 1 0 0 1 3 Moderate Medium Üçem et al., 200417 0 1 1 0 0 1 3 Moderate Medium Vaughn et al., 200518 1 1 0.5 1 0 1 4.5 Low High Kama et al., 200619 0 1 1 0 0 1 3 Moderate Medium Arman et al., 200620 0 1 0.5 0 0 1 2.5 Moderate Medium Yoshida and Shoji, 200721 0.5 1 0.5 0 0 1 3 Moderate Medium Tortop et al., 200722 0 1 1 0 0 1 3 Moderate Medium Lin et al., 200723 1 1 0.5 0 0 1 3.5 Moderate Medium Kilinç et al., 200824 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 Moderate Medium Pavoni et al., 200925 0.5 1 0.5 0 1 1 4.5 Low High Yavuz et al., 201026 0 1 0.5 0 0 1 2.5 Moderate Medium Lee et al., 201027 1 0 1 0 0 1 3 Moderate Medium Kilic et al., 201028 0.5 1 0.5 0 0 1 3.5 Moderate Medium Baccetti et al., 201029 0.5 1 1 0 1 1 4.5 Low High Cozza et al., 201030 0.5 1 1 0 1 1 4.5 Low High Mandall et al., 201031 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 Low High Atalay and Tortop, 201032 0 1 1 0 0 1 3 Moderate Medium Isci et al., 201033 0 1 0.5 0 0 1 2.5 Moderate Medium De Clerck et al., 20102 0.5 1 1 0 1 1 4.5 Low High Cevidanes et al., 201034 1 1 1 0 1 1 5 Low High Baccetti et al., 201135 0.5 1 1 0 0 1 3.5 Moderate Medium Sar et al., 201136 0 1 1 0 0 1 3 Moderate Medium Jamilian et al., 201137 0 1 0.5 0 0 1 2.5 Moderate Medium\na One point was given for each criterion fulfilled; half a point was awarded when part of the criterion was met.","9 mm were found in most studies on dentoalveolar-anchored therapy(10,26); the situation was similar for bone-anchored orthopedic therapy, with ranges of between 2 and 3 mm (Table 2).(34,36) However, studies that compared the two groups in parallel(36) also found statistically significant differences (P , .","6u with bone-anchored therapy.(34) The effects on the maxillary molars followed the same trend, with significant mesialization from dentoalveolar therapy (P , .","On the other hand, the BAMP protocol should be performed on late mixed or permanent dentition because there is no alveolar bone development or inferior canine eruption.(34,43) There is substantial variability regarding the magnitude of force used to obtain orthopedic results.","Cevidanes et al.(34) compared the bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) and rapid maxillary expansion and facemask protocols, reporting that the BAMP protocol produced greater maxillary advancement and fewer vertical changes.","A 5 I: 3.2; II: 2.03\nDe Clerck et al., 20102 I: BAMP\nII: Control\nA-VertT 5 I: 5.2; II: 1.3 Co-A 5 I: 5.3; II: 1.5\nCevidanes et al., 201034 I: BAMP\nII: RME + FM A-VertT 5 I: 5.2; II: 2.9 Co-A 5 I: 5.3; II: 2.4\nBaccetti et al., 201135 I: BAMP\nII: Control\n–\nSar et al., 201136 IA: FM + MP IB: FM + RME II: Control\nA-Nperp 5 IA: 2.53; IB: 1.76; II: 0.30\nJamilian et al., 201137 I: MS + RIA II: FM + RIA\n–\na FM indicates facemask; RME, tapid maxillary expansion; FxA, fixed appliances; B-3, Bionator III; MPBA, maxillary protraction bow appliance; DPA, double-plate appliance; exp, expansion; no exp, no expansion; MPA, maxillary protraction appliance; CC, chin cup; RIA, removable intraoral appliance; OMA, occipitomental anchorage; BB, bite-block appliance; TTBA, tandem traction bow appliance; BAMP, bone-anchored maxillary protraction; MP, miniplates; MS, miniscrew; Co-A, condylion-A; A-VertT, Point A-Vertical T; A-Nperp, A-nasion perpendicular; PNS-A, posterior nasal spine-A point; NHFH-A, nasion perpendicular Frankfort horizontal-A; VRL-A, vertical reference line (passing through sella)-A. PgNperp, pogonion-nasion perpendicular; Pg-VertT, pogonion-vertical T; NHFH-Pg, nasion perpendicular Frankfort horizontal-pogonion; Co-Gn, condylion-gnathion; Go-Me, gonion-menton; Co-Pg, condylion-pogonion; VRL-B, vertical reference line (passing through sella)-","This new orthopedic approach produced significant skeletal changes.(34,43) Different protocols are used in the literature according to whether or not there was previous expansion or disjunction of the upper jaw combined with facemask therapy.","I: Activation/deactivation RME I: 7.53 I: 21.77\nII: Control II: 5.07 II: 21.77\nDe Clerck et al., 20102 I: BAMP I: 3.7 I: 1.4 I: 20.6\nII: Control II: 20.1 II: 20.1 II: 20.2\nCevidanes et al., 201034 I: BAMP I: 3.7 I: 1.4 I: 4.6 II: RME + FM II: 4.6 II: 1.1 II: 3.2 Baccetti et al., 201135 I: BAMP – – –\nII: Control\nSar et al., 201136 IA: FM + MP IA: 7.66 IA: 0.33 – IB: FM + RME IB: 7.93 IB: 20.90 II: Control II: 20.33 II: 0.26 Jamilian et al., 201137 I: MS + RIA – – – II: FM + RIA\nAngle Orthodontist, Vol 83, No 3, 2013\nD ow nloaded from http://m eridian.allenpress.com /doi/pdf/10.2319/051312-392.1 by guest on 10 June 2020\n12."],"intents":[["result"],null,null,null,["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["methodology"],null]}
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Moreover it makes sense to see whether there is a circle, if a square is present (q-card), but it does not make sense to do what is generally considered as the ‘correct answer’: turning the not-q card (i.e., no square). The expected information gain confirms this intuition. The gain is higher for p than for q, which in its turn has a higher expected gain than not q. The expected gain is lowest for not p. The number of cards that the participant in an experiment will turn over depends on a cost (turning cards) – benefit (gaining information) trade-off. Oaksford and Chater (1998) show that the ODS model can account for most of the data on the Wason selection task. Their account is also applicable to conditional reasoning in general (see Oaksford, Chater, & Larkin, 2000; and for a critique, see Schroyens & Schaeken, 2003). 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In the Wason selection task, the participant’s goal can be clearly defined as selecting the card that contains the greatest expected informativeness about whether the rule ‘if p, then q’ is true or not (given, p and q are independent). Oaksford and Chater (1998) apply an Optimal Data Selection (ODS) model (based on Bayesian statistics) that relies on the crucial assumption that properties are rare (i.e., most of the time, no circles or squares appear on a blackboard). Under this assumption, it makes sense to say that the most informative ‘experiments’ to test the truth of the rule ‘if there is a circle on the blackboard, then there is a square on the blackboard’ are to watch for a square if a circle is present (p-card), which is one of the ‘correct answers’. Moreover it makes sense to see whether there is a circle, if a square is present (q-card), but it does not make sense to do what is generally considered as the ‘correct answer’: turning the not-q card (i.e., no square). The expected information gain confirms this intuition. The gain is higher for p than for q, which in its turn has a higher expected gain than not q. The expected gain is lowest for not p. The number of cards that the participant in an experiment will turn over depends on a cost (turning cards) – benefit (gaining information) trade-off. Oaksford and Chater (1998) show that the ODS model can account for most of the data on the Wason selection task. Their account is also applicable to conditional reasoning in general (see Oaksford, Chater, & Larkin, 2000; and for a critique, see Schroyens & Schaeken, 2003). In fact, their main argument is that reasoning research should not be studied in relation to classical logic, as the former three classes of theories propose, but that it should be viewed from a different perspective: that of the uncertainty in the world with which individuals have to deal daily. With respect to nonmonotonic reasoning, Oaksford and Chater claim that probabilities alone could never offer a (complete*) theory of everyday reasoning, since they observed that everyday reasoning cannot so easily be formalised, even not within probabilistic frameworks. The crucial issue according to them is to look at dependencies between propositions (How does learning A change the probability of C if given B?). With Pearl (1988), they postulate that these questions are fundamentally qualitative in character, and are thus more important than numerical calculations. Pfeifer and Kleiter (2005) extend further on it later in this issue.","In Chater and Oaksford (1999) they give a very clear description of their ideas in terms of rational analysis copied here. 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The expected information gain confirms this intuition. The gain is higher for p than for q, which in its turn has a higher expected gain than not q. The expected gain is lowest for not p. The number of cards that the participant in an experiment will turn over depends on a cost (turning cards) – benefit (gaining information) trade-off. Oaksford and Chater (1998) show that the ODS model can account for most of the data on the Wason selection task."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["background"],null,null,null]}
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Determinants of CRP, C3, SC5b-9, factor D and properdin levels at baseline: Patient factors and comorbidities ................................................................................... 155\nTable 20 - Determinants of CRP, C3, SC5b-9, factor D and properdin levels at baseline: Medications ................................................................................................................... 156\nTable 21 - Determinants of SC5b-9 levels at baseline: analysis of continuous variables across quartiles of SC5b-9............................................................................................. 157 Table 22 - Comparison of CRP, C3, SC5b-9, factor D and properdin levels between\nquartiles of Ox-LDL........................................................................................................ 158\nxvi\nTable 23 - Analyses of baseline and 12-month data for the inflammatory markers CRP, C3, SC5b-9, factor D and properdin............................................................................... 159 Table 24 - Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients for the 12-month change in C3 levels\nand the 12-month change in each of the variables significantly associated with C3 levels at baseline .........................................................................................................................","....................................................................................... 118 Table 13 - Comparison of studies evaluating vitamin E bonded polysulfone membranes with a primary anaemia endpoint ................................................................................... 125 Table 14 - Determinants of Ox-LDL levels at baseline: analysis of continuous variables between quartiles of Ox-LDL.......................................................................................... 131 Table 15 - Determinants of Ox-LDL levels at baseline: categorical variables ................. 132\nTable 16 - Determinants of TBARS at baseline: continuous variables ........................... 134 Table 17 - Determinants of TBARS at baseline: categorical variables ........................... 135\nTable 18 - Determinants of CRP, C3, factor D and properdin levels at baseline: continuous variables.","102 4.3 WATER QUALITY DATA .................................................................................. 103\n4.3.1 Microbiology data.................................................................................... 103 4.3.2 Chlorine levels ........................................................................................ 103 4.4 DISCUSSION................................................................................................. 105\nCHAPTER 5 : ANAEMIA............................................................................................... 107\n5.1 DETERMINANTS OF BASELINE ESA RESISTANCE INDEX ................................... 107 5.2 TEMPORAL CHANGES IN ANAEMIA PARAMETERS AND THE EFFECTS OF VITAMIN E.... ................................................................................................................... 110\n5.2.1 12-month changes in haemoglobin and ferritin levels ............................. 110 5.2.2 12-month changes in ESA resistance index............................................ 112 5.3 DISCUSSION................................................................................................. 118 5.3.1 Baseline determinants of ESA resistance index...................................... 118 5.3.2 The effects of vitamin E on anaemia....................................................... 121\nCHAPTER 6 : OXIDATIVE STRESS............................................................................. 129\n6.1 DETERMINANTS OF BASELINE OXIDATIVE STRESS............................................ 129 6.1.1 Determinants of baseline Ox-LDL levels ................................................. 129 6.1.2 Determinants of baseline TBARS levels ................................................. 133 6.2 TEMPORAL CHANGES IN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND THE EFFECTS OF VITAMIN E.... 136 6.2.1 12-month changes in Ox-LDL levels ....................................................... 136 6.2.2 12-month changes in TBARS levels........................................................","93 Figure 24 - Patient recruitment and screening................................................................. 99\nxiii\nFigure 25 - Patients completing the study and reasons for discontinuation by treatment group.. ........................................................................................................................... 100 Figure 26 - Bacterial and endotoxin counts, Ox-LDL levels, ESA resistance index (ERI),\nC3 and CRP levels grouped by dialysis unit at the time of the baseline, 6- and 12-month study visits.","187 Table 36 - Determinants of lag time, maximum absorbance and Lys50t0: categorical variables (Patient factors and Comorbidities)................................................................. 188 Table 37 - Determinants of lag time, maximum absorbance and Lys50t0: categorical variables (Drugs) ........................................................................................................... 189 Table 38 - Analysis of fibrin clot variables by quartiles of fibrinogen, Ox-LDL and SC5b-9 concentrations at baseline.",".................................................................................................... 136 Figure 37 - Comparison of the 12 month change in Ox-LDL levels for patients randomised to the control or Vitamin E membrane............................................................................","A number of studies have demonstrated greater levels of oxidative stress in HD patients compared to healthy controls by measuring a variety of biomarkers including F2isoprostanes, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehyde (MDA) and Ox-LDL [326-337].","Mean baseline TBARS levels by quartiles of Ox-LDL.................................. 133 Figure 36 - Comparison of the Ox-LDL levels in patients randomised to the control or Vitamin E membrane.","Circulating monocytes are then able to migrate into the\n7\nvascular wall, differentiate into macrophages, and take up oxidised low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) to form foam cells.","298 Table 53 - Studies examining the effects of vitamin E bonded modified cellulose dialysis membranes on oxidative stress, inflammation, anaemia, leukocyte function and complement activation ................................................................................................... 300 Table 54 - Definitions used in ESA dosing algorithm ..................................................... 305\nTable 55 - Darbepoetin alfa algorithmic dose adjustments............................................. 306 Table 56 - Identification of iron deficiency by iron dosing decision support system ........ 307 Table 57 - Summary of intravenous iron dosing algorithm............................................. 308\nxviii\nList of abbreviations 8-OhdG 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine A2RB Angiotensin II receptor blocker ACEi Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ACS Acute coronary syndrome ADP Adenosine diphosphate ADPKD Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease AGE Advanced glycation end products AMI Acute myocardial infarction ANOVA Analysis of variance AOPP Advanced oxidation protein products APC Activated protein C APTT Activated partial thromboplastin time ATIII Anti-thrombin III AVF Arteriovenous fistula BHT Butylated hydroxytoluene BMI Body mass index BP Blood pressure BSA Bovine serum albumin C Complement component CEHC Carboxyethylhydroxychromanols CI Confidence interval CKD Chronic kidney disease CKD-MBD Chronic kidney disease - 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{"citationid":4484366694,"citingcorpusid":142828994,"citedcorpusid":23038980,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["To assess whether the observed changes were due to inhibition of GSK3β by LiCl, the same assay was performed using 3μM SB216763, a GSK3β specific inhibitor with an IC50 of 34nM (Coghlan et al., 2000).","136 of 9nM by competing with ATP (Coghlan et al., 2000) with minimal effects at other","References 236\nSupplementary Material 1 – Materials 264\nxv\nList of figures\n1.1 The protein structure of DISC1 11 1.2 The protein structure of PDE4s 17 1.3 Neurotrophin Signalling 32 3.1 PDE activity assay procedure 103 3.2A SHSY5Y standard curve of PDE activity 107 3.2B HEK293 standard curve of PDE activity 108 3.3 AlphaScreen cAMP standard curve 109 3.4 AlphaScreen cell number optimization assay 110 3.5 Inducible overexpression of DISC1 in the stable cell line 112 3.6 DISC1 & PDE4B localisation in DISC1 overexpressing cells 114 3.7 DISC1 & PDE4D localisation in DISC1 overexpressing cells 115 3.8 DISC1 & PDE4B localisation in DISC1 knockdown cells 116 3.9 DISC1 & PDE4D localisation in DISC1 knockdown cells 116 3.10 Initial testing of PDE4 qPCR primer pairs 118 3.11 Confirmation of product from the PDE4C primer pair 118 3.12 Standard cDNA dilution curves for PDE4 primer pairs 119-120 3.13 Stability of housekeeping genes in qPCR 121 3.14 Relative expression of PDE4A, B & D mRNA in DISC1 knock\ndown and overexpressing cell lines 123\n4.1 The effect of forskolin treatment on PDE4 activity in SHSY5Y\ncells 131\n4.2 The effect of lithium treatment on cAMP accumulation in\nSHSY5Y cells 132\n4.3A The effect of lithium treatment on PDE4 activity in SHSY5Y\ncells 134\n4.3B The effect of lithium treatment on non-PDE4 activity in SHSY5Y\ncells 135\n4.4A The effect of GSK3β specific inhibition on PDE4 activity in\nxvi\nSHSY5Y cells 136\n4.4B The effect of GSK3β specific inhibition on non-PDE4 activity\nin SHSY5Y cells 137\n4.5 Colocalisation of exogenous tagged GSK3β and PDE4B 138 4.6A Potential GSK3β phosphorylation sites in PDE4B isoforms 142-144 4.6B Potential GSK3β phosphorylation sites in PDE4D isoforms 145-149 4.6C PDE4B phosphorylation site scores 150 4.6D PDE4D phosphorylation site scores 150 5.1A The effect of forskolin treatment on PDE4 activity in DISC1\noverexpressing cells 159\n5.1B The effect of forskolin treatment on non-PDE4 activity in\nDISC1 overexpressing cells 159\n5.2A Confirmation of inducible DISC1 overexpression in the\nprevious experiment 160\n5.2B Longer exposure of the previous blot to show endogenous\nDISC1 161\n5.3A The effect of forskolin treatment on PDE4 activity in DISC1\nknockdown cells 162\n5.3B The effect of forskolin treatment on PDE4 activity in DISC1\nknockdown cells – graph showing relative increase 163\n5.3C The effect of forskolin treatment on non-PDE4 activity in\nDISC1 knockdown cells 163\n5.4 Confirmation of DISC1 knockdown in the previous experiment 164 5.5A The effect of lithium treatment on PDE4 activity in DISC1\noverexpressing cells 165\n5.5B The effect of lithium treatment on PDE4 activity in DISC1\noverexpressing cells – graph showing relative decreases 165\n5.5C The effect of lithium treatment on non-PDE4 activity in DISC1\noverexpressing cells 166\n5.6 Confirmation of inducible DISC1 overexpression in the previous\nxvii\nexperiment 166\n5.7A The effect of DISC1 overexpression and lithium treatment on\nPDE4 activity 168\n5.7B The effect of DISC1 overexpression and lithium treatment on\nnon-PDE4 activity 169\n5.8 Confirmation of inducible DISC1 overexpression in the previous\nexperiment 169\n5.9A The effect of lithium treatment on PDE4 activity in DISC1\nknockdown cells 171\n5.9B The effect of lithium treatment on non-PDE4 activity in DISC1\nknockdown cells 171\n5.10 Basal PDE4 activity decreases in DISC1 knockdown cells at\nhigh passage numbers 172\n5.11 Confirmation of DISC1 knockdown in the previous experiment 173 5.12A Protein expression of PDE4B & PDE4D in the DISC1 inducible\ncell line 175\n5.12B Protein expression of PDE4B & PDE4D in the DISC1\nknockdown cell line 176\n5.12C Summary graph of PDE4B & PDE4D protein expression in the\nDISC1 inducible cell line 177\n5.12D Summary graph of PDE4B & PDE4D protein expression in the\nDISC1 knock down cell line 177\n5.13 Correlation scatter plots denoting PDE4B and GSK3β\ncolocalisation 179\n5.14 Colocalisation of exogenous PDE4B and GSK3β in DISC1\ninducible cells 179\n5.15 Colocalisation of exogenous PDE4B and GSK3β in DISC1\nknockdown cells 180\n5.16 Graphs to compare the co-localisation of PDE4B and GSK3β\nunder different conditions of DISC1 expression 181\nxviii\n5.17 Schema depicting the effect of lithium on PDE4 activity 184 5.18 Schema depicting the effect of DISC1 and Lithium on the\nforskolin stimulated PDE4 activity increase 186\n6.1 Testing of mouse cAMP PDE primer pairs on whole brain cDNA 196 6.2 Expression of cAMP PDE mRNA in primary cortical neurons 197 6.3 Specific inhibition of PDE isoforms in primary cortical neurons 200 6.4 Colocalisation of PDE4B with the Dopamine type I receptor in\nprimary cortical neurons 202\n6.5 Colocalisation of PDE4D with the Dopamine type I receptor in\nprimary cortical neurons 203\n6.6 Colocalisation of PDE4B with the NR1 subunit of the NMDA\nreceptor in primary cortical neurons 204\n6.5 Colocalisation of PDE4D with the NR1 subunit of the NMDA\nreceptor in primary cortical neurons 205\n6.8A A PDE activity concentration curve for primary cortical neurons\nlysate 207\n6.8B The effect of NMDA agonism on PDE activity in primary\ncortical neurons 208\n6.8C The effect of NMDA agonism on non-PDE activity in primary\ncortical neurons 208\n6.9A The effect of DRD1 agonism on PDE activity in primary\ncortical neurons 210\n6.9B The effect of DRD1 agonism on non-PDE activity in primary\ncortical neurons 210\n6.10A Lithium treatment has no measurable effect on PDE4 activity\nin primary cortical neurons 212\n6.10B The effect of lithium treatment on non-PDE4 activity in primary\ncortical neurons 212\n6.11 PDE4 activity in primary cortical neurons from L100P mutant mice214 6.12 PDE4 activity in primary cortical neurons from Q31L mutant mice 215\nxix\nList of tables\n1.1A Phenotypes of mouse models with DISC1 ovexpression 26 1.1B Phenotypes of mouse models with DISC1 knockdown 27 2.1A Drug treatments performed on SHSY5Y cells 72 2.1B Drug treatments performed on primary cortical neurons 72 2.2 shRNA constructs used to generate stable DISC1 knockdown cells 75 2.3A Antibodies used for immunocytochemistry in this thesis 75 2.3B Antibodies used for western blotting in this thesis 76 2.4A Human PCR primers used in this thesis 84 2.4B Mouse PCR primers used in this thesis 85 2.5 DISC1 sequencing primers used in this thesis 89 2.6 Cell dilutions for AlphaScreen optimization 98 6.1 Concentration of PDE inhibitors used in experiment 6.2.2 198 6.2 Variation occurring in experiments involving primary cortical\nneurons 217\nxx\nList of abbreviations used in this thesis\nGenes and proteins AKAP A-Kinase Anchoring Protein AMPA α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4isoxazole propionate APE AKT Phosphorylation Enhancer ATF Activating Transcription Factor B2M Beta-2 microglobulin Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma-2 BDNF Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor cAMP Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate CBP CREB Binding Protein CFTR Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator CREB cAMP Response Element Binding DAT Dopamine Transporter DISC1 Disrupted in Schizophrenia-1 DOPA 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine DOPAC 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid DRD Dopamine Receptor EIF3 Eukaryotic Initiation Factor ERK Extracellular Related kinase FEZ1 Fasciculation of Elongation Factor Zeta 1 GABA Gamma Aminobutyric Acid GAPDH Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Dehydrogenase GBP GSK3β binding protein Grb2 Growth Factor Receptor-Bound Protein 2 GRIN2B Glutamate Receptor Subunit Epsilon-2 GSK3β Glycogen Synathase Kinase 3 Beta HCN Hyperpolarisation Activated Cyclic Nucleotide Gated channel\nxxi\nHSP70 Heast Shock Protein 70 HVA Homovanillic Acid IP3 Inositol trisphosphate JNK C-Jun N-terminal kinase KIF5A Kinesin Heavy Chain Isoform 5A LIS1 Lissencephaly 1 MAP2 Microtubule Associated Protein 2 MBP Myelin Basic Protein mTOR Mammalian Target of Rapamycin NDE1 Nuclear Distribution Factor Element 1 NDEL1 Nuclear Distribution Factor Element Like 1 NGF Nerve Growth Factor NMDA N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid NRG1 Neuregulin 1 NT-3 Neurotrophin-3 PDE4 Phosphodiesterase-4 PSD95 Post Synaptic Density 95 PIP3 Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-Trisphosphate PKA Protein Kinase A PPIA Peptidylprolyl Isomerase A PTEN Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog RGS4 Regulator of G protein signalling RPLPO Large Ribosomal Protein SPTAN1 Spectrin Alpha Chain 1 TSNAX Translin-Associated Factor X 5’AMP 5’ Adenosine Monophosphate\nxxii\nUnits\no C Degrees Centigrade Da Dalton g Gram l Litre m Metre M Molar rpm Revolutions per minute V Volt\nAmino Acids\nA Alanine C Cysteine (also written as Cys) F Phenylalanine (also written as Phe) G Glycine H Histidine I Isoleucine L Leucine P Proline Q Glutamine R Arginine S Serine (also written as Ser) T Tyrosine (also written as Tyr) W Tryptophan p Indicates phosphorylation of the residue/protein\nxxiii\nNucleotides\nA Adenine C Cytosine G Guanine T Thymidine\nOther abbreviations 2 xYT Yeast Extract Tryptone Medium AMV Avian Myeloblastosis Virus ATP Adenosine Triphosphate BLAST Basic Local Alignment Search Tool BRET Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer BSA Bovine Serum Albumin CA1 Cornu Ammonis CAR Conditioned Avoidance Response CATIE Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness cDNA Complementary DNA CMV Cytomegalovirus CNG Cyclic Nucleotide Gated CNV Copy Number Variation CO2 Carbon Dioxide CRUK Cancer Research United Kingdom C-terminus Carboxy Terminus CT Cycle Threshold CTP Cytidine Triphosphate DABCO 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane DAPI 4’6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dH2O Deionised water\nxxiv\nd.i.v. Days in Vitro DLPFC Dorso-lateral Pre Frontal Cortex DMEM Dulbecco Modified Eagl’s minimum essential Medium DMSO Dimethly Sulfoxide DNA deoxyribonucleic acid DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorder (Fourth Edition) DTT Dithiothreitol EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ENU N-nitroso-N-ethylurea EPS Extra Pyramidal Symptoms E18 Embryonic day 18 Es Extremely Short Isoform (of DISC1) Esv Extremely Short Variant Isoform (of DISC1) FACS Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting FL Full length FRET Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer GTP Guanosine Triphosphate GPCR G Protein Coupled Receptor GWAS Genome Wide Association Study GST Glutathione S-transferases HARBS High Affinity Rolipram Binding Site HBSS Hank’s Buffered Salt Solution HEK293 Human Embryonic Kidney 293 HEPES 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid HCl Hydrochloric Acid H89 N-[2-(p-Bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-5soquinolinesulfonamide.2HCl IBMX Isobutylmethylxanthine ICC Immunocytochemistry IC50 Half Maximal Inhibitory Concentration IP Immunoprecipitation\nxxv\nKi Dissociation constant for inhibitor binding L Long isoform (of DISC1) LARBS Low Affinity Rolipram Binding Site Lv Long Variant isoform (of DISC1) LB Lysogeny Broth LEF/TCF Lymphoid Enhancer Factor/T-cell Factor LiCl Lithium Chloride LOD Logarithm of Odds LSM510 Laser Scanning Microscope 510 LTD Long Term Depression LTP Long Term Potentiation MAPK Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase mEPSC Miniature Excitatory Post Synaptic Current Mg 2+ Magnesium ion mRNA Messenger RNA MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging NaCl Sodium Chloride NaFl Sodium Fluoride NaOH Sodium Hydroxide NLS Muclear localisation signal N-terminus Amino Terminus PBS Phosphate Buffered Saline PCP Phencyclidine PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction PET Positron Emission Tomography PFC Pre Frontal Cortex PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase PPI Prepulse Inhibition P1 Post natal day 1 RACE Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends\nxxvi\nRNA Ribonucleic Acid RT-PCR Reverse-transcriptase PCR S Short isoform (of DISC1) SAP Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatase SDS Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate SNP Single Nucleotide Polymorphism TBE Tris Borate EDTA TDZD-8 Thiadazolidinone Tris Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane TTP Thymidine triphosphate UCR Upstream Conserved Region WCST Wisconsin Card Sort Test\n1"],"intents":[["methodology"],["background"],null]}
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{"citationid":3867559117,"citingcorpusid":251407419,"citedcorpusid":219098050,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["…more serious, such as the rapidly expanding population, the raging worldwide pandemic, ecological destruction and threats to food security, it is urgent to address these issues to achieve sustainable development (Foley et al., 2011; Tilman et al., 2011; Rockström et al., 2017; Jain et al., 2020)."],"intents":[["background"]]}
{"citationid":1033085582,"citingcorpusid":92993360,"citedcorpusid":54503065,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The first data set was taken fromRouseeuw and Leroy (1987) and is originally from Coleman et al. (1966). It contains data on n = 20 American schools. y is the verbal mean test score, and there are five explanatory variables, namely x1 (staff salary per pupil), x2 (percentage of white collar fathers), x3 (socioeconomic status composition indicator), x4 (mean teacher’s verbal test score), and x5 (mean mother’s educational level). The relevance of selection is debatable given that there are only five variables, but to illustrate various issues an examplewith a small number ofmodels is (25 = 32) is suitable. Because of the very small sample size the model selection process is instable and it is likely that models selected in bootstrap samples will differ. As second example data set we analyse a study on the effects of ozone on school childrens lung growth. Sauerbrei et al. (2015) used this data set as an example for investigating the stability of variable selection using bootstrap.","The first data set was taken fromRouseeuw and Leroy (1987) and is originally from Coleman et al. (1966). It contains data on n = 20 American schools. y is the verbal mean test score, and there are five explanatory variables, namely x1 (staff salary per pupil), x2 (percentage of white collar fathers), x3 (socioeconomic status composition indicator), x4 (mean teacher’s verbal test score), and x5 (mean mother’s educational level). The relevance of selection is debatable given that there are only five variables, but to illustrate various issues an examplewith a small number ofmodels is (25 = 32) is suitable. Because of the very small sample size the model selection process is instable and it is likely that models selected in bootstrap samples will differ. As second example data set we analyse a study on the effects of ozone on school childrens lung growth. Sauerbrei et al. (2015) used this data set as an example for investigating the stability of variable selection using bootstrap. The data set has n = 496 observations (children), p = 24 variables, and correspondingly 224 = 16,777,216 models. For details on the original study see Ihorst et al. (2004), for details on the data set used here see Buchholz et al. (2008). The response is the forced vital capacity (in l) in autumn 1997 (FVC). The explanatory variables are listed in Table 3. The third data set uses the Cox proportional hazard model for survival times. Krall et al. (1975) analysed the survival times of 65 multiple myeloma patients diagnosed and treated with alkylating agents at West Virginia University Medical Center.","The first data set was taken fromRouseeuw and Leroy (1987) and is originally from Coleman et al. (1966). It contains data on n = 20 American schools. y is the verbal mean test score, and there are five explanatory variables, namely x1 (staff salary per pupil), x2 (percentage of white collar fathers), x3 (socioeconomic status composition indicator), x4 (mean teacher’s verbal test score), and x5 (mean mother’s educational level). The relevance of selection is debatable given that there are only five variables, but to illustrate various issues an examplewith a small number ofmodels is (25 = 32) is suitable. Because of the very small sample size the model selection process is instable and it is likely that models selected in bootstrap samples will differ. As second example data set we analyse a study on the effects of ozone on school childrens lung growth. Sauerbrei et al. (2015) used this data set as an example for investigating the stability of variable selection using bootstrap. The data set has n = 496 observations (children), p = 24 variables, and correspondingly 224 = 16,777,216 models. For details on the original study see Ihorst et al. (2004), for details on the data set used here see Buchholz et al. (2008). The response is the forced vital capacity (in l) in autumn 1997 (FVC).","The first data set was taken fromRouseeuw and Leroy (1987) and is originally from Coleman et al. (1966). It contains data on n = 20 American schools. y is the verbal mean test score, and there are five explanatory variables, namely x1 (staff salary per pupil), x2 (percentage of white collar fathers), x3 (socioeconomic status composition indicator), x4 (mean teacher’s verbal test score), and x5 (mean mother’s educational level). The relevance of selection is debatable given that there are only five variables, but to illustrate various issues an examplewith a small number ofmodels is (25 = 32) is suitable. 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{"citationid":1891663809,"citingcorpusid":4267676,"citedcorpusid":2978386,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Fractal dimensions observed for regional flows in the lung (Glenny and Robertson, 1990) and the myocardium (Bassingthwaighte et al., 1989) demonstrate that flow heterogeneity is not random—flows in adjacent tissue samples are spatially correlated.","Although these models provided valuable insight on flow heterogeneity, they did not represent anatomic features accurately (Bassingthwaighte et al., 1989), such as the spatial organization of the arterial tree.","…simulation\nI N T R O D U C T I O N\nIt is now widely accepted that regional blood flows in organs and tissues, including the heart, the lung and skeletal muscles, are remarkably heterogeneous (Yipintsoi et al., 1973; Glenny and Robertson, 1990; Iversen and Nicolaysen, 1995; Sonntag et al., 1996).","…al. (1989) have empirically established a now well-known power-law relationship de-\nscribing—within certain limits of piece sizes—the increase of RD with decreasing piece size,\n(1)\nwhere v is the volume of the tissue pieces used to calculate RD and v\nref is an arbitrarily chosen reference volume.","In conclusion, flow heterogeneity can be modeled by terminal positions compatible with an existing tree structure without resorting to the flow-dispersive effects of a specific branching tree model to assign terminal flows.\nkey words: blood flow distribution • relative dispersion • spatial…","…with the experimental findings of Iversen and Nicolaysen (1995), D 1.37 0.06 for n 46 rabbits, and of Kleen et al. (1997), D 1.34 0.04 (D 1.39 0.06) for n 7 (n 6) pigs, and only moderately above the range of individual D-values (1.18–1.37) reported for n 6 rabbits by Bassingthwaighte et al. (1989).","…for n 11 sheep (D 1.17 0.07), n 10 baboons (D 1.21 0.04), and n 6 rabbits (D 1.25 0.07) in the original study on the fractal nature of regional myocardial blood flow heterogeneity by Bassingthwaighte et al. (1989), as well as the average D of 1.21 0.08 for n 4 dogs measured by Mori et al. (1995).","…1 Model 2\nFractal dimension D\nPredicted 1.45 0.01 (Nterm 8,000) 1.69 0.02\n1.41 0.01 (Nterm 16,000) 1.38 0.01 (Nterm 32,000)\nMeasured 1.21 0.04 (Bassingthwaighte et al., 1989) 1.66 0.03 (Kleen et al., 1997)\n1.25 0.14 (Mori et al., 1995)\n1.32 0.04 (Matsumoto et al., 1996)\n1.37 0.06 (Iversen and…","The values of D and r\n1 observed in the left ventricular myocardium of animals under physiological conditions range from D 1.21 (Bassingthwaighte et al., 1989) to D 1.37 (Iversen and Nicolaysen, 1995), and from r\n1\n0.18 (Matsumoto et al., 1996) to r\n1 0.92 (Mori et al., 1995), respectively.","For myocardial perfusion heterogeneity, an average D of\n1.2 has been found (Bassingthwaighte et al., 1989), suggesting that heterogeneity is not random: Flows in adjacent tissue samples are positively correlated (i.e., they tend to\nRD v( ) RD vref( ) v\nvref ------- \n  1 D– ,⋅=\nAddress…","Bassingthwaighte et al. (1989) have empirically established a now well-known power-law relationship de-\nscribing—within certain limits of piece sizes—the increase of RD with decreasing piece size,\n(1)\nwhere v is the volume of the tissue pieces used to calculate RD and v\nref is an arbitrarily chosen…","Here, we employ the method of constrained constructive optimization (CCO) to generate three-dimensional arterial model trees of some 10 4\nvessel segments (Schreiner, 1993; Karch et al., 1999, 2000a).","However, model 2 underestimates RD for large volume elements when compared with the experimental data of Bassingthwaighte et al. (1989) for sheep, rabbits, and baboons.","During the last decade since its discovery (Bassingthwaighte et al., 1989), a wealth of model studies have been performed to broaden the understanding of the fractal character of spatial heterogeneity of regional blood flow in mammalian organs."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["methodology"],["result"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":1639144743,"citingcorpusid":208160858,"citedcorpusid":144554131,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["14\nFigure 2: Beliefs Supporting Aggression Assessment ............................................................... 15\nFigure 3: Participant 1Modified Aggression Scale Scores ......................................................... 16\nFigure 4: Particpant 2 Modified Aggression Scale Scores ......................................................... 17\nFigure 5: Social Desirability Scale Scores ................................................................................ 18\n1\nChapter I: Introduction","Beliefs Supporting Aggression Assessment (Bandura, 1973) was a six-question, four point Likert-scaled assessment, which was targeted for 12-16 year olds.","Beliefs Supporting Aggression Assessment (Bandura, 1973) was a six-question, four\npoint Likert-scaled assessment, which was targeted for 12-16 year olds.","The Beliefs Supporting Aggression Assessment (BSAA) pre-treatment and post-\ntreatment results are illustrated in Figure 2, and raw scores are presented in Appendix D. Results for both Participant 1 and Participant 2 indicated that their beliefs are in the midrange of supporting aggression at both pre- and post-treatment.","Anger and Aggression Awareness Numerical Item Scaled Scores\nBeliefs Supporting Aggression Assessment.","......................................................................................... 13\nBeliefs Supporting Aggression Assessment.","Beliefs Supporting Aggression Assessment.","25\nRecommendations for Future Research .............................................................................................. 25\nReferences ............................................................................................................................................ 27\nAppendices ........................................................................................................................................... 30\nAppendix A: Consent Forms.................................................................................................................. 30\nAppendix B: Anger and Aggression Awareness Test ............................................................................. 38\nAppendix C: Session Outline ................................................................................................................. 42\nAppendix D: Beliefs Supporting Aggression Assessment (BSAA) Raw Data Table ..............................."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],["methodology"],null,null,null,null,null]}
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{"citationid":3898019754,"citingcorpusid":251910041,"citedcorpusid":6335512,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Mental health stigma and discrimination are global problems (Thornicroft et al., 2009; Lasalvia et al., 2013) associated with a range of negative consequences and adverse impacts on wellbeing in a number of ways, including worsening of psychological distress, inhibition of help-seeking and…","Mental health stigma and discrimination are global problems (Thornicroft et al., 2009; Lasalvia et al., 2013) associated with a range of negative consequences and adverse impacts on wellbeing in a number of ways, including worsening of psychological distress, inhibition of help-seeking and treatment adherence, poor access to mental and physical healthcare, reduced life expectancy, limiting of personal relationships, and reductions in the ability to achieve educational and vocational goals (Reavley & Jorm, 2015; Gronholm et al."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2368372943,"citingcorpusid":24865405,"citedcorpusid":6335512,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["The main findings of this research project and the detailed description of the methodology have already been published (Thornicroft et al., 2009).","Living with a mental disorder is related to a higher level of stigma, which has a great negative influence on recovery and outcome (Lasalvia et al., 2013; Thornicroft et al., 2009) and in other fields of social live (Major & O’Brien, 2005)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":129017314,"citingcorpusid":3714097,"citedcorpusid":39046453,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["Tuncer, 2016 1 case in a 2-year-old male; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Yüksekova State Hospital, Hakkari, Turkey [69]","In two of\n1 3\nTable 1 Case reports and case series of peritoneal mesothelial cysts (PMC) in the literature\nFirst author, year PMC; setting References\nKhurram, 2017 3 cases in male patients (age: 61–72 years); St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit, USA [68] Stallone, 2017 1 case in a 65-year-old male; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Nephrology, University of\nFoggia, Italy [70]\nMehta, 2017 1 case in a 22-year-old female; Department of Radiology, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health New York City\n[162]\nCampbell, 2017 1 case in a 49-year-old woman; Department of Surgery, Caboolture Hospital, Caboolture, Queensland, Australia\n[50]\nD’Antonio, 2016 1 case in 58-year-old female; Department of Pathologic Anatomy, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona, Salerno, Italy\n[62]\nMacedo, 2016 1 case in a 25-year-old male; Department of Surgery, Providence Hospital and Medical Centers, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, USA [92]\nMishra, 2016 1 case in a 40-year-old female; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, V.M.M.C. and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India\n[105]\nTuncer, 2016 1 case in a 2-year-old male; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Yüksekova State Hospital, Hakkari, Turkey [69] Shin, 2016 1 case in a 52-year-old male; Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine,\nCheonan, Korea [63]\nCotter, 2016 1 case in a 49-year-old male; Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota [102]\nBray Madoué, 2016 1 case in a 22-year-old female; Surgical Service, Renaissance Hospital of N’Djamena, N’Djamena, Chad [116] Santangelo, 2016 1 case in a 73 year-old male; Department of General and Specialist Surgery, Second University of Naples,\nNapoli, Italy [48]\nLee, 2016 1 case in 47-year-old female; Departments of Radiology (R.L., A.T., A.G.G.) and Pathology (B.K.), Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY\n[161]\nOcchionorelli, 2016 1 case in a 41-year-old man; Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy [120]\nDurell, 2016 1 case in a 10-year-old female; Department of Paediatric Surgery, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom\n[79]\nJerraya, 2016 1 case in a 84-year-old maale; Department “B” of General Surgery, University of Medicine of Tunis, hôpital Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisia\n[136]\nIanieri, 2016 1 case in a 40-year-old female; SS. Annunziata Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Gabriele D’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy\n[10]\nMazziotti, 2016 3 cases in female patients (age: 35–49); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Italy\n[27]\nIacoponi, 2015 1 case in a 35-year-old female; Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Quiron University Hospital, Calle Diego de Velasquez 1, Madrid, Spain [65]\nFiratligil, 2015 3 cases in female patients (age: 35–42 years); Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey\n[64]\nHinsch, 2015 1 case in a 12-year-old male; Department of Pathology, Health Care Center, Lukaskrankenhaus Neuss, Neuss, Germany\n[80]\nTamhankar, 2015 1 case in a 23-year-old female; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessop Wing, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK\n[90]\nFernandez Eire, 2015 1 case in a 11-year-old male; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Complejo Hospitalario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain\n[81]\nSomasundaram, 2015 1 case in a 40-year-old male; Department of General Surgery, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, India [51]\nYeom, 2015 1 case in a 27-year-old female; Department of Surgery, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea [122]\nSingh, 2015 1 case in a female (age non reported); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India [32]\nMarien, 2014 1 case in a 38-year-old female; Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA [97]\nMurro, 2014 1 case in a 26-year-old male; Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago [207] Al-Safi, 2014 1 case in a 25-year-old female; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Ans-\nchutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado [209]\n1 3\nTable 1 (continued)\nFirst author, year PMC; setting References\nMomeni, 2014 1 case in a 47-year-old female; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, New York, USA [9]\nWitek, 2014 1 case in 50-year-old female; The Commonwealth Medical College †Geisinger-Community Medical Center, Scranton, PA\n[203]\nJouvin, 2014 1 case in a 43 year-old male; Service de chirurgie digestive et cancérologique, hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France [52]\nGoldfisher, 2014 2 cases in female patients (age 16 and 17 years); Department of Radiology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, NY, USA\n[24]\nHitzerd, 2014 1 case in a 27-year-old female; Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands [91] Yokoyama, 2014 2 cases in female patients; Health Science Clinic of Osaka Medical College, Akutagawa-machi, Takat-\nsuki, Osaka, Japan [185]\nTrehan, 2014 1 case in a 51-year-old female; Lincoln College, University of Oxford, Oxford [202] Gupta, 2013 1 case in a middle age female (age not reported); Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College,\nMangalore, India [107]\nHong, 2013 1 case in a 28-year-old female; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea\n[119]\nWang, 2013 1 case in a 56-year-old Caucasian male; Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China [71]\nElbouhaddouti, 2013 1 case in a 71 year-old female; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Morocco\n[98]\nSingh, 2013 1 case a 34-year-old female; Department of Medical Oncology, Christian Medical College, Tamil Nadu, India [32]\nCanbay, 2013 1 case in a 57-year-old female; Department of General Surgery, Kishiwada Tokushukai Hospital, Kishiwada City, Japan [108]\nBakhshi, 2013 1 case in a 32-year-old female; Department of Surgery, Grant Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India [2]\nVeldhuis, 2013 40 cases in male patients and 188 cases in female patients; Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands [132]\nKhuri, 2012 1 case in a19-year-old male; Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Center, Haifa, Israel [205] Stojsic, 2012 1 case in a 11-year-old male; Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia [208] Aber, 2012 1 case in a 77-year-old male; Urology Department, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, London, UK [72] Takemoto, 2012 1 case in a 23-year-old female; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Omuta City Hospital, Japan [125] Dellaportas, 2012 3 cases in female patients (age: 32–34 years); 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital,\nAthens, Greece [109]\nTentes, 2012 1 case in a 16-years-old female; Surgical Department, Didimotichon General Hospital, Diagnostiko Center of Pathology, Didimotichon, Greece\n[19]\nHusain, 2012 2 cases in female patients (age: 56 and 58 years); Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA [127]\nDellaportas, 2012 1 case in a 82-year-old female; 2nd Department of Surgery, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece\n[126]\nLee, 2012 83 cases in female patients; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Medicine, Korea [181]\nDzieniecka, 2011 1 case in a 46-year-old female; Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Research Institute of the Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital, Łódź, Poland [26]\nSizzi, 2011 1 case in a 36-year-old female; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universita’ di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy [201]\nShakya, 2011 1 case in a 4-year old female; Department of Surgery, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan 56701, Nepal [82]\nAkbayir, 2011 3 cases in female patients (age: 32–38 years); Oncology Unit, Istanbul Bakirkoy Maternity and Children Diseases Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey [89]\nSnyder, 2011 1 case in a 65-year-old female; Pinnacle Health Community Campus, Harrisburg, PA [33] Kurisu, 2011 2 cases in female patients (age: third and fourth decades of life); Department of Pathology, Osaka Medi-\ncal College, Osaka, Japan [28]\n1 3\nTable 1 (continued)\nFirst author, year PMC; setting References\nTesta, 2011 1 case in a 70-year-old female; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy\n[128]\nCavallaro, 2011 1 case in a 45-year-old; Department of Surgery, University of Catania, Catania, Italy [112] Saxena, 2011 1 case in a 7-year-old female; Department of Pediatric- and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of\nGraz, Auenbruggerplatz 34, A-8036 Graz, Austria [83]\nHo-Fung, 2011 1 case in a 18-year-old female; Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA [18]\nLehwald, 2010 1 case in a 86-year-old female and 2 cases in male patients (age: 45 and 59 years); Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery; Germany\n[93]\nO’Connor, 2010 1 case in a 19-year-old female; Department of Surgery, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland\n[20]\nPitta, 2010 1 case in a 72-year-old female; Department of Radiology, General Hospital “Agios Pavlos”, Thessaloniki, Greece [3]\nHollington, 2010 1 case in a 37-year-old female; Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide, South Australia\n[4]\nPinto, 2010 1 case in a 20-year-old female; Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, University Medical School of Bari, Bari, Italy\n[17]\nKemp, 2010 1 case in a 61-year-old female; Department of Pathology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA\n[192]\nLimone, 2010 1 case in a 61-year-old female; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy\n[200]\nLim, 2010 29 cases in female patients; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea\n[191]\nMcCaffrey, 2009 1 case in a 59-year-old female; Department of General Surgery, Tameside General Hospital, Manchester, UK [115]\nUzüm, 2009 1 case in a 48-year-old female; Mikro-Pat Pathology Laboratory, General Surgery Division, Gazi University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey [99]\nKoo, 2009 1 case in a 27-year-old female; Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, USA [133]\nTerry, 2009 1 case in a 11-month-old male; Department of Surgery, Memorial Health University Medical Center, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah Campus, USA\n[84]\nBernstein, 2009 3 cases in female patients (age: 35–53 years); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut [35]\nAmesse, 2009 4 cases in female patients (age: 11–16 years); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, USA\n[11]\nDillman, 2009 1 case in a 16-year-old female; Department of Radiology, C.S. 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Johnson (2004) looked at the leadership styles, characteristics/traits, skills and functions of 10 successful elementary school principals determined to be making a difference in their schools.","Johns (2004) and others have subsequently summarized the research in many fields where people have worked with these ideas in their professional practice, or have studied other professionals at work.","This process is described as critical to gaining improved capacity for accurate judgment and for building flexible mental processes for creativity (Goldberg, 2001; Sawyer et aI., 2003). Gall et aI. (2003) state that one of the purposes of action research is \"to produce heightened self awareness in practitioners, including clarification of their assumptions about education and recognition of contradictions between their espoused ideas and actual classroom (leadership) practice\" (p. 580). This type of reflection was an integral aspect of this action research project. It is the reflective action research aspect of this study that sets this type of research apart from other research methodologies. Whereas most traditional methodologies attempt to reach \"objectivity\" about ''truth'' by removing the researcher as much as possible from the data being collected, in this case, the data being collected is about the researcher/practitioner. To attempt to remove myself from the \"data\" collection would negate the purpose of the study. Instead, Mertler (2006) and others argue that action research is possible by developing an action plan, documenting","Pitner, N. J. (1988).","The foundation of my question was based on my perception that the school community was searching for ways to not just maintain their exceptional status, but to grow beyond this distinction. The purpose ofthis research study was to document and reflect upon my experiences as a new principal over the course ofmyfirst 2 years and to explore the relationships between transformative practices, high performance, and the novice principal. The methodology for this study was grounded in a form of reflective action research that focuses explicitly on several goals set at the beginning of the year, then are tracked throughout the year, and reflected upon and compared against a research-based data base when the year is completed. This methodological framework allowed me to both elaborate and clarify my own assumptions and thoughts about education, schools and leadership. Chris Argyris (1974) called this type of reflection both \"reflection in action\" and \"reflection on action.","• 69 We did form a planning committee in January of my first year. There was a general consensus that this type of structure would suit the need to tackle the nuts and bolts issues that are a part of school life. Day et al. (2001) point out that this style of leadership functions at a deeper level because is does not start \"from a basis of power and control but from the ability to act with others and to enable others to act\" (p.","The motivation to engage in a school vision comes from their participation in formulating the vision and thus their role is critical to making the vision a reality beyond a baseline of expectations (Leithwood & Jantzi, 1999a; Sagor, 1992). In order for teachers to have a voice in the formulation of a vision of success for each child, there needs to be a leader who is able to move beyond their own needs and welcome all others to the table with equality and dignity. In this ongoing age of scrutiny towards schools and their effectiveness, transformational leadership is well suited to meet the increased challenges and complexities of schools (Leithwood & Jantzi, 1997). Leithwood (1994), in his article, \"Leadership for School Restructuring,\" suggests that when teachers' perceptions of school characteristics are strong, they feel more connected to the school, their work, and the school leader.","I saw this as not just part of the job I had been hired for, but in Sergiovanni's (1994) words, a moral imperative for me as a leader.","58 behind the space between was meant to not put value or judgment on what had come before or what was to come, but to create space to look collectively at our work and student engagement and to explore ways to grow and deepen our understanding of best practices. I asked teachers to meet as teams each week. There was resistance to my request, based on issues of time and perceived value. I asked to extend the length of existing teacher meetings, so we could discuss curricula and teaching together, and there was a union stance evoked about time limitations. Apparently, my efforts to open more discussion of teaching and learning was seen as attempting to get more work out of teachers than allowed by the union contract. I was confused by the response. At that meeting about the school development plan, it was also requested from the district office that plans include the statement, \"All students will achieve at 90% or higher on math and reading testing for the 07-08 school year.\" When I presented this, teachers became upset. They were concerned about what would happen if the scores did not either reach this target number or fell below the target. They were also concerned that by putting a percentage target down that they would be held to this standard in some sort of negative way were it not achieved. This statement of a percentage was seen as pressure being put on in a very top down fashion, even though students at the school had historically always scored well above 90%. In the fall of year one, I also decided that if the site council was going to be a place where teaching and learning was discussed, the members should do the same reading as the staff. I gave each member a copy of Ron Berger's (2003) An Ethic of","I saw the journey through my first year as a principal as transforming for me, and hopefully for my new school as well. When I first entered my new office and sat in the \"principal's chair,\" it felt right, both physically and metaphorically. However, I knew this first experience as a principal would be a challenge. I didn't know exactly what kind of challenge, but a challenge nonetheless. I had no clear understanding what lay in store. I had arrived at what I had worked so hard to attain, full of what I thought was possible, hoping to make the kind of leadership difference that I had been searching for as a classroom teacher. At the core of my understanding of the role were my own thoughts about teaching and learning, my past experiences with other principals, and my hopes and desires to make a difference. They were all right there in that chair and it felt good to me. I felt I had arrived. In looking back, I realize I felt like an adolescent faced with a new challenge, invulnerable to any sense of danger or fear. Maybe this was overconfidence, or maybe it was the excitement of the time, but I felt like I was ready for anything. I had a vision of structuring a learning community where the focus was on both student and adult learning. Roland Barth (1990) stated that a learning community is grounded in the perspective that everyone's learning is \"offthe charts.","Boyan, N. J. 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{"citationid":4654376135,"citingcorpusid":17546295,"citedcorpusid":13232964,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Because of this \" inverse problem, \" most researchers have only used the additive criterion to examine activation patterns for enhancement above the criterion (Beauchamp 2005; Calvert et al. 2000; Stevenson et al. 2007; Werner et al. 2009).","Studies using the maximum criterion have consistently found multisensory enhancement in brain regions known to be multisensory (Beauchamp 2005; Beauchamp et al. 2004; Doehrmann et al. 2008; Hein et al. 2007; van Atteveldt et al. 2007).",", S12 > S1∨S2) produces the most consistent results in known multisensory brain regions (Beauchamp 2005; Beauchamp et al. 2004; Doehrmann et al. 2008; Hein et al. 2007; van Atteveldt et al. 2007).","Because of this “inverse problem,” most researchers have only used the additive criterion to examine activation patterns for enhancement above the criterion (Beauchamp 2005; Calvert et al. 2000; Stevenson et al. 2007; Werner et al. 2009).","This represents a potential problem with the additive criterion applied to BOLD activation and, consistent with other reports (Beauchamp 2005; Laurienti et al. 2005), suggests that the additive criterion is too conservative.","It has been suggested, however, that in practice the additive criterion is overly conservative and results too often in false negative outcomes (Beauchamp 2005; Goebel et al. 2009).","Empirical approaches agree, however, that a maximum criterion (i.e., S 12 > S 1 ∨S 2 ) produces the most consistent results in known multisensory brain regions (Beauchamp 2005; Beauchamp et al. 2004; Doehrmann et al. 2008; Hein et al. 2007; van Atteveldt et al. 2007).","Theoretical approaches agree that an additive criterion (S 12 > S 1 +S 2 ) captures the hypothetical underlying population activity with multisensory stimuli best (Beauchamp 2005; Calvert et al. 2000; Laurienti et al. 2005; Stevenson et al. 2009a; Stevenson et al. 2009b).","Empirically, the maximum criterion seems reliable (Beauchamp 2005; Goebel et al. 2009).","Theoretical approaches agree that an additive criterion (S12 > S1+S2) captures the hypothetical underlying population activity with multisensory stimuli best (Beauchamp 2005; Calvert et al. 2000; Laurienti et al. 2005; Stevenson et al. 2009a; Stevenson et al. 2009b)."],"intents":[null,["methodology"],["background"],null,["result"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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(London and New York: Routledge, 1996). 13 For example, Sanjay Subrahmanyam, “Imperial and Colonial Encounters: Some Reflections,” Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos [online], accessed June 10, 2017, http://nuevomundo.revues.org/668; Frederick Cooper, “Empire Multiplied. A Review Essay,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 46, no. 2 (2004): 247–72; Jerry H.","10 Kapil Raj, “Postpositivism Circulation and the Global History of Science,” Isis 104, no. 2 (2013): 337–47; Kapil Raj, “Circulação não é Fluidez.” Inverview with Matheus Duarte. Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de História da Ciência, no. 9 (June 2016) [online], http://www.sbhc.org.br/conteudo/view?ID_CONTEUDO=944 11 See Peder Anker, “Environmental History versus History of Science,” Reviews in Anthropology 31 (2002): 309–22.","19 George Basalla, “The Spread of Western Science,” Science 156, no. 3775 (1967): 611–22.","19 George Basalla, “The Spread of Western Science,” Science 156, no. 3775 (1967): 611–22. 20 For instance, Michael Worboys, “The Emergence of Tropical Medicine: A Study in the Establishment of Scientific Speciality,” in Perspectives on the Emergence of Scientific Disciplines, ed. Gerard Lemaine et al. (The Hague: Mouton, 1976), 76–98. A similar approach but devoted to the French Empire can be found in James E. McClellan III, Colonialism and Science: Saint Domingue in the Old Regime (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992). For a very good summary of the evolution of the historiography of the historiography of science in imperial contexts (based on the British case) see Mark Harrison, “Science and the British Empire,” Isis 96, no. 1 (2005): 56–63.","14 Jane Burbank and Frederick Cooper, Empires in World History. Power and the Politics of Difference (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2010). 15 A paradigmatic case of an empire that explored these inter-cultural dynamics is the Mongol empire, see, for instance, Sanjay Subrahmanyam, “Connected Histories: Notes towards a Reconfiguration of Early Modern Eurasia,” Modern Asian Studies 31, no. 03 (1997): 735–62; Frederick Cooper, Colonialism in Question Theory, Knowledge, History (Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 2005).","10 Kapil Raj, “Postpositivism Circulation and the Global History of Science,” Isis 104, no. 2 (2013): 337–47; Kapil Raj, “Circulação não é Fluidez.” Inverview with Matheus Duarte. Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de História da Ciência, no. 9 (June 2016) [online], http://www.sbhc.org.br/conteudo/view?ID_CONTEUDO=944 11 See Peder Anker, “Environmental History versus History of Science,” Reviews in Anthropology 31 (2002): 309–22. 12 At the centre of these methodological questions is the debate “nature-culture”, which continues to divide the academia and fuelling old polemics between a more constructivist “anthropologic” school and the more realist and hard data-driven “geographic” tradition”. See, for instance, Philippe Descola and Gísli Pálsson, eds., Nature and Society. Anthopological Perspectives. (London and New York: Routledge, 1996). 13 For example, Sanjay Subrahmanyam, “Imperial and Colonial Encounters: Some Reflections,” Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos [online], accessed June 10, 2017, http://nuevomundo.revues.org/668; Frederick Cooper, “Empire Multiplied. A Review Essay,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 46, no. 2 (2004): 247–72; Jerry H. Bentley, “Globalizing History and Historicizing Globalization,” Globalization and Global History 1, no. 1 (2004): 69–81; Patrick O’Brien, “Historiographical Traditions and Modern Imperatives for the Restoration of Global History,” Journal of Global History 1, no. 1 (2006): 3–39; Anthony G.","10 Kapil Raj, “Postpositivism Circulation and the Global History of Science,” Isis 104, no. 2 (2013): 337–47; Kapil Raj, “Circulação não é Fluidez.","In thinking about science and empire it is worth revisiting the challenges historians of science have faced in the last decades. It was only fifty years ago that George Basalla published his The Spread of Western Science (1967).(19) The first criticism to this Eurocentric template of scientific circulation came in the following decades, in the aftermath of the end of European colonial empires.","10 Kapil Raj, “Postpositivism Circulation and the Global History of Science,” Isis 104, no. 2 (2013): 337–47; Kapil Raj, “Circulação não é Fluidez.” Inverview with Matheus Duarte. Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de História da Ciência, no. 9 (June 2016) [online], http://www.sbhc.org.br/conteudo/view?ID_CONTEUDO=944 11 See Peder Anker, “Environmental History versus History of Science,” Reviews in Anthropology 31 (2002): 309–22. 12 At the centre of these methodological questions is the debate “nature-culture”, which continues to divide the academia and fuelling old polemics between a more constructivist “anthropologic” school and the more realist and hard data-driven “geographic” tradition”. See, for instance, Philippe Descola and Gísli Pálsson, eds., Nature and Society. Anthopological Perspectives. (London and New York: Routledge, 1996). 13 For example, Sanjay Subrahmanyam, “Imperial and Colonial Encounters: Some Reflections,” Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos [online], accessed June 10, 2017, http://nuevomundo.revues.org/668; Frederick Cooper, “Empire Multiplied. A Review Essay,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 46, no. 2 (2004): 247–72; Jerry H. Bentley, “Globalizing History and Historicizing Globalization,” Globalization and Global History 1, no. 1 (2004): 69–81; Patrick O’Brien, “Historiographical Traditions and Modern Imperatives for the Restoration of Global History,” Journal of Global History 1, no.","10 Kapil Raj, “Postpositivism Circulation and the Global History of Science,” Isis 104, no. 2 (2013): 337–47; Kapil Raj, “Circulação não é Fluidez.” Inverview with Matheus Duarte. Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de História da Ciência, no. 9 (June 2016) [online], http://www.sbhc.org.br/conteudo/view?ID_CONTEUDO=944 11 See Peder Anker, “Environmental History versus History of Science,” Reviews in Anthropology 31 (2002): 309–22. 12 At the centre of these methodological questions is the debate “nature-culture”, which continues to divide the academia and fuelling old polemics between a more constructivist “anthropologic” school and the more realist and hard data-driven “geographic” tradition”. See, for instance, Philippe Descola and Gísli Pálsson, eds., Nature and Society. Anthopological Perspectives. (London and New York: Routledge, 1996). 13 For example, Sanjay Subrahmanyam, “Imperial and Colonial Encounters: Some Reflections,” Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos [online], accessed June 10, 2017, http://nuevomundo.revues.org/668; Frederick Cooper, “Empire Multiplied. A Review Essay,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 46, no. 2 (2004): 247–72; Jerry H. 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{"citationid":1203206538,"citingcorpusid":6189893,"citedcorpusid":82424991,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["How those features play into the restoration of motor neurites and NMJs during muscle regeneration in different conditions, and ultimately how that affects the functional outcome of overall muscle tissue repair, will be exciting to see revealed by ongoing research.","After injury caused by toxins, such as that isolated from the mamba snake venom, surviving nerve terminals rapidly innervated myofibres that were formed within a week of injury, and more complex, mature NMJs were observed within 2 weeks of damage.","This study may provide the first evidence of a role for Sema3A on differentiation of myogenic stem cells, such as would occur during NMJ formation in regenerating muscle.","Agrin prompts and stabilizes AchR clustering at the NMJ, induces synaptic maturation, and preserves the mature status of the NMJ through muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) activation and subsequent phosphorylation of a MuSK-interacting cytoplasmic protein (Dok-7) (Glass et al., 1996; Hubbard & Gnanasambandan, 2013).","However, some axon terminals were noted to make direct contact only with the basement membrane and not the underlying fibre, even 3 weeks after injury, implying that the NMJ architecture was still maturing at this point (Nishizawa et al., 2003).","Myogenin is thought to exert pleiotropic effects in skeletal muscle, including providing input to the regulation of synaptic genes including NMJ-associated HDAC4 and Ach receptor (AchR) subunits.","In mammals, every muscle fibre is eventually innervated by a single motor axon through formation of a neuromuscular junction (NMJ) on each fibre; a single axon typically innervates multiple fibres in a motor unit (often hundreds to thousands, although sometimes very few).","The relative contributions of SCs and Schwann cells to mediating Sema3A production and regulating formation of NMJs in regenerating skeletal muscle remain to be determined.","In addition, particular components of muscle, such as the basal lamina, are critical supporting structures for myoblasts and fusing myocytes involved in the processes of re-establishing myofibres and positioning NMJs; depending on the nature and extent of the initial muscle–tissue injury, those supporting structures and the vascular supply may remain intact, or be injured or destroyed completely.","As currently understood, after a muscle injury that involves even minimal nerve damage, restoration of muscle fibre structure occurs prior to the establishment of NMJs.","However, reinnervation of a muscle is less effective and takes longer (up to 60 days) when the basal lamina sheaths around both myofibres and nerves are disrupted (Slater & Schiaffino, 2008).","In particular, the heparan sulfate proteoglycan called agrin that can be secreted by myofibres\nand motor neurons, is known for its key role during early NMJ formation and maintenance.","…noting that the characteristics of motor neurons including extensor/flexor or slow/fast motor neurons, are strongly matched with those of the respective innervated myofibres, and that this congruence should ideally be sustained following regeneration and reinnervation (Slater & Schiaffino, 2008).","However, skeletal muscle regeneration is functionally successful only if the myofibres that regenerate from injury also become effectively innervated through the establishment of NMJs.","It is tempting to speculate that Sema3A might coordinate either formation of neuromuscular connections at NMJs during regeneration of myotoxin-injured muscles or the recovery and extension of intramuscular nerves, their myelination, and the\nformation of NMJ connections in regenerating crush-injured muscles.","Early studies showed that muscle regeneration after injury from natural myotoxins or local anaesthetics led to minimal nerve damage and was followed by rapid differentiation of a region of sarcolemma on each regenerating myofibre, into the post-synaptic area of the NMJ (Slater & Schiaffino, 2008).","Determining whether SCs can actively produce agrin, in addition to Sema3A, will provide further details on the role of SCs in mediating NMJ formation after injury.","Secretion of other as yet undefined axonal signals might also be involved in the formation of NMJs in coordination with Sema3A production.","Injection of the local anaesthetic, bupivacaine, leads to rapid retraction of terminal axons and drastically reduces the basal lamina-associated AchE level in NMJs (Nishizawa et al., 2003; Slater & Schiaffino, 2008).","Key words: Sema3A, neuromuscular junction, NMJ, axon-guidance, muscle development, satellite stem cell, neurite, repair.","However, in such a model, the functional synaptic connections will be destroyed as a consequence of massive fibre disruption involving the NMJ region.","Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) actions on a range of tissues\nTissue Current understanding of impact References\nBone Osteoprotective, as it suppresses the resorption of bone by osteoclasts and enhances bone formation by osteoblasts Hayashi et al. (2012) Skeletal muscle Stimulates slow-type myosin heavy chain expression T. Suzuki, et al. (unpublished data)\nExpressed by myoblasts at early-differentiation (myogenin-positive) phase in regeneration or culture\nTatsumi et al. (2009); Suzuki et al. (2013)\nPeripheral nerve Deficiency results in severe abnormalities in peripheral nerve projections to areas innervated by cranial nerves\nBehar et al. (1996), Fukuda et al. (2013) and Taniguchi et al. (1997)\nGuidance abnormalities in sensory projections from dorsal root ganglion to spinal cord, early in developing Sema3A-null mice\nWhite & Behar (2000)\nCentral nervous system Inhibition of Sema3A improves axon regeneration after spinal cord injury and promotes stepping movement\nZhang et al. (2014)\nAxon guidance in development Hinck (2004) Promotes dendritic spine formation and synaptic\ndensity Pasterkamp & Giger (2009)\nSema3 is induced after spinal cord injury De et al. 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{"citationid":3126209085,"citingcorpusid":221731837,"citedcorpusid":155858384,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["The dotted line between the “New President” and “Academic Department Leadership Perceptions” was highlighted by the theme “Listening Sessions.”","…1: INTRODUCTION\nAcademic department leaders, academic department heads and academic associate\ndepartment heads are the least studied level of management in higher education, yet they play a fundamental role in transforming the vision and goals of executive leadership into reality (Gonaim, 2016).","It is the responsibility of the academic department leader to act as a conduit to convey administrative decisions to their faculty and convey faculty concerns up to administrative leaders (Gonaim, 2016).","…leadership, department heads and associate department heads, have the most direct influence on the largest employee population of the college, the faculty, in transforming the vision and goals of a new president and the executive leadership team into reality (Gonaim, 2016; Tierney, 1999).","…the immediate supervisors of the largest segment of the employee population at an\ninstitution of higher education, academic department leaders play a fundamental role in transforming the vision and goals of executive leadership into reality (Gonaim, 2016; Stringer, 2002; Tierney, 1999).","Academic department leaders are the least studied level of management in higher\neducation, yet they play a fundamental role in transforming the vision and goals of executive leadership into reality (Gonaim, 2016).","In community colleges, that level of management is known as the Academic Department Leadership.","37\nCHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY\nThe literature shows us that academic department leaders play a vital role in the\npresidential change phenomenon soon to be experienced by many of our community colleges Gonaim (2016).","The main topic of this study, “Academic Department Leadership Perceptions,” can be\nfound in the middle of the conceptual framework.","(p. 24) Gonaim (2016) also argues that the academic department leader position is one of the least studied and most misunderstood management positions in higher education.","They are the least studied level of management in higher education, yet they play a fundamental role in transforming the vision and goals of executive leadership into reality (Clegg & McAley, 2005; Gonaim, 2016; Riggs, 2009).","31 Climate levels................................................................................................................... 31 Change readiness ............................................................................................................. 32 Theoretical framework summary ..................................................................................... 34\nAcademic Department Leadership ............................................................................................... 35 Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 36 Chapter 3: Methodology............................................................................................................ 37 Assumptions ................................................................................................................................. 37 Research Design........................................................................................................................... 39 Brief Background of Study Site ................................................................................................... 40 Participant Selection ....................................................................................................................","Strengthening the dotted line association between the “New President” and the\n“Academic Department Leadership Perceptions” was the “Update and Organizational Changes” email (Appendix J) and its attachment of August 15th, 2020 (Appendix K).","The other influence on “Academic Department Leadership Perceptions” was\n“Organizational Culture.”","Academic Department Leadership\nGonaim (2016) cites the academic department as “… the fundamental unit for\ntransforming the university’s visions and goals into reality.”","Gonaim (2016) goes on to define this position as a conduit to convey administrative decisions to their faculty and convey faculty concerns up to administrative leaders.","Gonaim (2016) cites the academic department as “… the fundamental unit for transforming the university’s visions and goals into reality.”","The academic department leader level of management is also one of the least studied and understood in higher education (Gonaim, 2016)."],"intents":[null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],null,["background"],["background"],null,null,null,["background"],["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":2817815324,"citingcorpusid":86002351,"citedcorpusid":149696475,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Trout and salmon fisheries in lakes in the northeastern United States are often supplemented through the introduction of a self-sustaining forage fish species (Warner and Havey 1985) such as rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) or alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus).","4), where it provides a significant fishery (Havey and Warner 1970, Warner and Havey 1985) during both the summer and winter seasons.","The landlocked form of the typically anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) occurs in a variety of northeastern coldwater lakes where it has been introduced as a sportfish, particularly in northern New England (Havey and Warner 1970, Warner and Havey 1985)."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":3163388366,"citingcorpusid":155909132,"citedcorpusid":222316367,"isinfluential":true,"contexts":["Nellis (1998) showed that from 1980 to 1991, roughly 6,800 medium- and large-scale firms were privatized in non-transition economies; by contrast, close to 60,000 such companies were privatized in transition economies since their independence, including hundreds of thousands of small firms.","However, Kurlantzick (2012) showed that from 2004 through 2009, 120 state-owned companies made their debut on theForbeslist of the world’s largest corporations, while 250 private companies fell off the list. State companies now control about 90 percent of the world’s oil and large percentages of other resources. A recent OECD study by Kowalski et al. (2013, p. 6) reported that, of the 2000 largest public companies in the world, 204 have significant government ownership and their sales are equivalent to approximately 6% of worldwide GDP. The SOEs continue to be significant players in the business world. Firms that have not been privatized or are only partially privatized exhibit a number of special features that warrant further discussion. First, as shown in Christiansen (2011), those which remain as SOEs are strongly concentrated in a few strategic sectors. Around half (in value terms) of all SOEs in OECD countries are located in sectors such as transportation, telecommunications, power generation, finance, manufacturing, and other energy industries. 1 For example, South Korea’s government has more than 70% ownership over some of these sectors. Wade (1990) detailed how Taiwan’s SOEs were built after Japanese occupation ended in 1945.","However, Kurlantzick (2012) showed that from 2004 through 2009, 120 state-owned companies made their debut on theForbeslist of the world’s largest corporations, while 250 private companies fell off the list. State companies now control about 90 percent of the world’s oil and large percentages of other resources. A recent OECD study by Kowalski et al. (2013, p. 6) reported that, of the 2000 largest public companies in the world, 204 have significant government ownership and their sales are equivalent to approximately 6% of worldwide GDP. The SOEs continue to be significant players in the business world. Firms that have not been privatized or are only partially privatized exhibit a number of special features that warrant further discussion. First, as shown in Christiansen (2011), those which remain as SOEs are strongly concentrated in a few strategic sectors.","However, Kurlantzick (2012) showed that from 2004 through 2009, 120 state-owned companies made their debut on theForbeslist of the world’s largest corporations, while 250 private companies fell off the list. State companies now control about 90 percent of the world’s oil and large percentages of other resources. A recent OECD study by Kowalski et al. (2013, p. 6) reported that, of the 2000 largest public companies in the world, 204 have significant government ownership and their sales are equivalent to approximately 6% of worldwide GDP. The SOEs continue to be significant players in the business world. Firms that have not been privatized or are only partially privatized exhibit a number of special features that warrant further discussion. First, as shown in Christiansen (2011), those which remain as SOEs are strongly concentrated in a few strategic sectors. Around half (in value terms) of all SOEs in OECD countries are located in sectors such as transportation, telecommunications, power generation, finance, manufacturing, and other energy industries. 1 For example, South Korea’s government has more than 70% ownership over some of these sectors. Wade (1990) detailed how Taiwan’s SOEs were built after Japanese occupation ended in 1945. He stated that the state influence has concentrated on, but is not confined to, the relatively large-scale firms of the upstream industries. He further added that in the 1950s Taiwan’s public enterprises dominated industries such as fuel, chemicals, mining, metal working, fertilizer, food processing, textiles, and utilities. In total, these industries accounted for over half of industrial production. A few notable industry examples deserve further mention. Established in 1971, China Steel became one of the largest SOEs in Taiwan by 1977. Since then, it has fostered the government’s secondary import substitution policy and provided steel and basic metals to Taiwan’s downstream industries such as machinery, metal products, automobile, and IT industries. Although it was subsequently privatized in 1995, the state still holds about 20% ownership. Another notable example is the Chinese Petroleum Corporation (CPC) which was founded in 1946. In 1968, CPC built a plant to supply ethylene to many downstream industries which made materials for plastic and synthetic fibers and rubber. The development of these industries was deemed vital for Taiwan’s economic takeoff. The second feature is that even with the existence of SOEs, foreign competition is still allowed. For example, Taiwan has allowed foreign imports, especially quality products from Japan. China Steel and other (1)See Li et al. (2012) for a detailed description of China’s state capitalism.","We seek to answer the following questions: (1) How are the upstream managerial delegation and the downstream industrial policies related? (2) How does each policy affect the equilibria in both the upstream and downstream markets? (3) What is the relationship between the SOE’s profit margin and the optimal managerial policy? (4) What are the characteristics of the optimal managerial delegation and industrial policy? Regarding the optimal delegation policy, we will show that the home government treats the rival’s profitincentive instrument as a strategic complement for its own instrument but the principal of the foreign rival (4)Lee (2006) considered the effect on social welfare in privatizing an integrated public telecom monopoly that supplies network services to its own and other private downstream rivals.","However, Kurlantzick (2012) showed that from 2004 through 2009, 120 state-owned companies made their debut on theForbeslist of the world’s largest corporations, while 250 private companies fell off the list."],"intents":[["background"],["background"],["background"],null,["background"],["background"]]}
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{"citationid":807776359,"citingcorpusid":59936973,"citedcorpusid":25095780,"isinfluential":false,"contexts":["] [14] Cai WW, Zhang GH, Yang QT, et al.","杂颅内外病变的处理([7]),预防、减少并成功处理此 部位的手术并发症,对外科医生来说是一项持续 的挑战([8-11])。翼腭窝结构不规则,相近颅底结构复 杂,为提高手术安全性,很多学者正尝试通过内镜 下解剖来了解翼腭窝的结构([12]),然而,鼻内镜视野 下辨认解剖标志缺乏立体感与整体观,因此亟须将 鼻内镜技术和其他医疗新技术结合,才能进一步提 高翼腭窝区域病变的手术治疗水平 ([13])。CT作为颅 底骨性结构较敏感的检测手段之一,可以任意角度 旋转观察翼腭窝各解剖结构及标志点的空间关系及 组织间的毗邻关系,还可测量各结构间距离,对术 前治疗方案及手术入路的选择极为有利。据我们所 知,国内外尚未有进行新鲜尸头血管内成像研究的 报道。通过新鲜尸头CT血管成像(CTA),最大限度 地保持了血管的原始状态,翼腭窝终末段也显像良 好,为手术处理翼腭窝病变提供了客观准确的形态 学信息。术前影像获得的相关解剖标志距离数据可 以作为术中解剖标志距离的参考([14]),大大提高了手 术安全性。 Morton和Khan等根据上颌动脉翼腭段的形态 将其分为Y型、M型和中间型。李健等 [ 2 在前人 分型的基础上,通过CT影像学观察,将其分为M 型、中间型、Y型、F型、T型和其他型六型。由于 此次实验标本例数较少,一些分型并未出现。分支 变异较大的上颌动脉翼腭段可以被归类简化并分 型,使翼腭窝血管解剖更容易被认知([15])。但是,形 态学上的分型并不能完全反映血管的真实走形,利 用血管内灌注成像,使翼腭窝血管显像清晰,能在 术前预先了解翼腭窝血管的走形及变异,可为上颌 动脉翼腭段的个体化处理提供依据([2]),为翼腭窝区 域良恶性肿瘤([16-18])、鼻出血([19])的处理、上颌神经的 阻滞([20-21])及颅底入路的设计([22])等提供支持,为进一 步翼腭窝骨性、血管等三维可视模型的构建([23])提供 影像学资料。因此,本研究为新鲜尸头标本的更好 应用提供了新思路。 新鲜尸头的解剖手感与临床相似,而甲醛固 定后的尸头组织较硬,故新鲜尸头更能模拟临床的 真实性。目前我国新鲜尸头标本极难获得,所以解 剖前进行影像学研究很有必要。翼腭窝内上颌动脉 分支较细小,我们先期进行的4例甲醛固定尸头的 CTA造影效果不理想,其中四侧未显影,原因可能 为血管闭塞,变形,弹性差。经过多次实验,我们 观察到影响血管内灌注成像效果的因素包括:1 造影前应确定血管内完全解冻,否则会影响造影效 果;2血管宜用生理盐水冲洗,通过一侧颈内动、 静脉血管灌注,看到另一侧相对应血管有液体流出 即可,过度冲洗可能导致新鲜尸头皮下血管肿胀变 形及软组织肿胀,影响造影效果;3造影前应使血 管内气体排空;4扫描时体位应与临床造影位置相 符,以尽可能减少操作时间,便于观察。 鼻内镜仰角接近零度角度,内镜下形态变形 小,因此与血管成像的形态更接近。依据翼腭窝区 域血管内成像完成鼻内镜下翼腭窝区域解剖,比较 鼻内镜翼腭窝形态与影像资料,发现影像学得到的 解剖学资料可以代表经鼻内镜翼腭窝手术获得的解 剖学形态特征。 正确认识翼腭窝的正常解剖及变异,为研究其 病变打下了坚实的基础([24])。因此,进行翼腭窝区域 血管成像的研究,对影像指导临床手术、个体化手 术方案的制订均有重要意义。"],"intents":[["background"],null]}
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